CHAPTER V.. The Swiss (a.d. 1315-1515).

THE SWISS (A.D. 1315-1515).

§ 1. Their Character, Arms, and Organization.

The Swiss and the Ancient Romans.--Excellence of system more important than excellence of generals.--The column of pikemen.--The halberdier.--Rapidity of the movements of the Swiss.--Defensive armour.--Character of Swiss armies 62-69

§ 2. Tactics and Strategy.

The ‘Captains’ of the Confederates.--The Echelon of three columns.--The ‘Wedge’ and the ‘Hedgehog’ formations 70-73

§ 3. Development of Swiss Military Supremacy.

Battle of Morgarten.--Battle of Laupen.--Battle of Sempach.-- Battle of Arbedo.--Moral ascendency of the Swiss.--Battle of Granson.--Battle of Morat.--Wars of the last years of the fifteenth century 73-87

§ 4. Causes of the Decline of Swiss Ascendency.

The tactics of the Swiss become stereotyped.--The Landsknechts and their rivalry with the Swiss.--The Spanish Infantry and the short sword.--Battle of Ravenna.--Fortified Positions.--Battle of Bicocca.--Increased use of Artillery.--Battle of Marignano.--Decay of discipline in the Swiss Armies and its consequences 87-95