The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)

CHAPTER LI

Summary and General Deductions 466

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE

176. Section from the great Limestone escarpment on the west to the Millstone Grit hills east of Teesdale 4

177. Sections of the Carboniferous Limestone series of Northumberland showing the variations in the position of the Whin Sill. By Messrs. Topley and Lebour 6

178. View of two volcanic necks in the Carboniferous Limestone series, at Grange Mill, five miles west of Matlock Bath, from the north 14

179. Plan of necks and bedded tuff at Grange Mill, five miles west of Matlock Bath 15

180. Section across the smaller volcanic neck and the stratified tuff in Carboniferous Limestone, Grange Mill 15

181. Section of vesicular and amygdaloidal diabase resting on Carboniferous Limestone, Peak Forest Limeworks, Great Rocks Quarry 19

182. View of the superposition of Carboniferous Limestone upon toadstone, Raven's Tor, Millersdale (length about 100 feet) 19

183. Section at lime-kiln, south of Viaduct, Millersdale Station 20

184. Limestones passing under stratified tuffs, Poyll Vaaish, Isle of Man 24

185. Section of tuff, showing intercalations of black impure chert, west of Closenychollagh Point, near Castletown, Isle of Man 25

186. Section of intercalated dark limestone, shale and chert in the tuff south of Poyll Vaaish Bay, Isle of Man 26

187. Section of part of a volcanic neck on shore to the south-east of Poyll Vaaish Bay, Isle of Man 29

188. Section of successive discharges and disturbances within a volcanic vent. Scarlet Point, Isle of Man 29

189. Section of dyke and sill in the tuffs west of Scarlet Point, Isle of Man 30

190. Section on south side of vesicular sill west of Scarlet Point 31

191. Bands of vesicles in the same sill 31

192. Croghan Hill, King's County, from S.S.W. 38

193. Section in quarry on roadside east of Limerick, close to viaduct of the Limerick and Erris Railway 44

194. Section of the volcanic escarpment, east of Shehan's Cross-roads, south of Limerick 45

195. View of Derk Hill, a volcanic neck on the south side of the Limerick basin 47

196. Section across the Limerick volcanic basin 48

197. Section of a bed of volcanic breccia in the Carboniferous Slate; White Bull Head, County Cork 50

198. Volcanic breccia invading and enclosing Carboniferous slate, White Bull Head 50

199. General section across the Permian basin of Ayrshire 59

200. Section of lavas, east side of Mauchline Hill 60

201. Section of the top of the volcanic series near Eastside Cottage, Carron Water, Nithsdale 60

202. Section of two outliers of the Permian volcanic series at the foot of Windyhill Burn, Water of Ae, Dumfriesshire 61

203. The Green Hill, Waterside, Dalmellington, from the south; a tuff-neck of Permian age 62

204. Patna Hill from the Doon Bridge, Ayrshire; a tuff-neck of Permian age 63

205. Ground plans of Permian volcanic vents from the Ayrshire Coal-field. On the scale of six inches to a mile 64

206. Section of sills traversing the Permian volcanic series. River Ayr, Ballochmyle 66

207. Section showing the relations of the later rocks of Arthur Seat 68

208. Section in brooks between Bonny town and Baldastard, Largo 70

209. View of Largo Law from the east 71

210. View of small neck in Calciferous Sandstones, on the shore, three miles east from St. Andrews 72

211. Ground-plan of Permian volcanic vents 73

212. Small neck in Calciferous Sandstones a little east from the "Rock and Spindle," two and a half miles east from St. Andrews 74

213. Plan of volcanic necks at Kellie Law, East of Fife, on the scale of three inches to one mile 75

214. Plan of the craters in Volcanello, Lipari Islands 75

215. Section of the strata at the edge of the volcanic vent on the east side of Elie Harbour 76

216. Agglomerate of neck on shore at Ardross, two miles east from Elie 77

217. Ground-plan of volcanic neck, Elie Harbour, showing circular disposition of the stratification 80

218. Section across the great vent of Kincraig, Elie, on a true scale, vertical and horizontal, of six inches to a mile 81

219. Dyke in volcanic neck, on the beach, St. Monans 82

220. Section of part of crater rim, Island of Volcano 83

221. Dyke rising through the agglomerate of a volcanic vent; Kincraig, Elie 84

222. Radiating columnar dyke in the tuff of a volcanic vent. Rock and Spindle, two and a half miles east from St. Andrews 86

223. View of part of the shore front of the great vent at Kincraig, looking westward, with the columnar basalt in front 88

224. Plan of volcanic neck on beach near St. Monans 89

225. Columnar basalt in the neck of Kincraig, Elie, seen from the west 90

226. Section across Largo Law 91

227. Vein of "white-trap" cutting black carbonaceous shales, a little west from St. Monans Church 92

228. Section at Belvedere, S. W. of Exeter 97

229. Diagram to show the unconformability and overlap of the Permian rocks in the Crediton Valley 97

230. Section of the volcanic series at Kellerton, Devonshire 98

231. Section of agglomerate overlain with sandstone and andesite, Posbury, Crediton 99

232. Diagrammatic section across Titterstone Clee Hill 102

233. Dyke on the south-east coast of the Island of Mull 119

234. Fissure left by the weathering out of a dyke 120

235. Plan of basalt-veins with selvages of black basalt-glass, east side of Beinn Tighe, Isle of Eigg 126

236. Arrangement of lines of amygdales in a dyke, Strathmore, Skye 130

237. Systems of joints in the dykes 132

238. Section of cylindrical vein or dyke, cutting the bedded lavas, east side of Fuglö, Faroe Islands 133

239. Joint-structures in the central vitreous portion of the Eskdale Dyke (B. N. Peach) 133

240. Microscopic structure of the vitreous part of the Eskdale Dyke 136

241. Section along the line of the Cleveland Dyke at Cliff Ridge, Guisbrough (G. Barrow), scale, 12 inches to 1 mile 147

242. Section along the course of the Cleveland Dyke, at the head of Lonsdale, Yorkshire (G. Barrow, in the Memoirs of the Geol. Survey, Geology of Cleveland, p. 61) 148

243. Section across the extreme upper limit of Cleveland Dyke, on the scale of 20 feet to one inch (Mr. G. Barrow) 149

244. Upper limit of Cleveland Dyke in quarry near Cockfield (after Mr. Teall) 149

245. Section along the course of the Cleveland Dyke across the Cross Fell escarpment (scale of one inch to one mile) 150

246. Branching portion of the great dyke near Hawick (length about one mile) 153

247. Branching dyke at foot of Glen Artney (length about four miles) 153

248. Basic veins traversing Secondary limestone and sandstone on the coast cliffs, Aidnamurchan 155

249. Section showing the connection of a Dyke with an Intrusive Sheet, Point of Suisnish, Skye 156

250. Section to show the connection of a Dyke with an Intrusive Sheet, Stirlingshire Coal-field 157

251. Intersection of dykes in bedded basalt, Calliach Point, Mull 158

252. Basalt veins traversing bedded dolerites, Kildonan, Eigg 159

253. Ground-plan of intersecting dykes in Lias limestone, Shore, Harrabol, East of Broadford, Skye 159

254. Compound dyke, Market Stance, Broadford, Skye 162

255. Section of coal rendered columnar by intrusive basalt, shore, Saltcoats, Ayrshire 164

256. Dolerite dyke with marginal bands of "white trap," in black shale, Lower Lias, Pabba 166

257. Map of the chief dykes between Lochs Ridden and Striven (C. T. Clough, Geological Survey, Sheet 29) 170

258. Basalt-veins traversing granophyre, St. Kilda 173

259. Section of scoriaceous and prismatic basalt, Camas Tharbernish, north shore of Canna Island 187

260. Banded amygdaloidal basalt showing layers of elongated and steeply inclined vesicles, Macleod's Maidens, Skye 191

261. Termination of basalt-beds, Carsaig, Mull 193

262. Breccia and blocks of mica-schist, quartzite, etc., lying between bedded basalts, Isle of Mull 197

263. Section of Knocklayd, an outlier of the Antrim basalt-plateau lying on Chalk 202

264. Diagram-Section of the Antrim Plateau 203

265. View Of Basalt escarpment, Giant's Causeway, with the Amphitheatre and Chimneys. (From a photograph by Mr. R. Welch) 207

266. Basalt-capping on the top of Ben Iadain, Morven 209

266a. View of the south side of Staffa, showing the bedded and columnar structure of the basalt 210

267. View of Rum from the harbour of Canna 216

268. Section of the cliffs below Compass Hill, Isle of Canna 218

269. Lava cutting out conglomerate and shale. Shore below Canna House 224

270. Section of shales and tuffs, with a coniferous stump lying between two basalt-sheets, Cùl nam Marbh, Canna 225

271. Dùn Mòr, Sanday. (From a photograph by Miss Thom) 226

272. View of the Dùn Beag, Sanday, seen from the south. (From a Photograph by Miss Thom) 230

273. View of Dùn Beag, Sanday, from the north. The island of Rum in the distance. (From a Photograph by Miss Thom) 231

274. Section of eastern front of Dùn Beag 232

275. Enlarged section on the western side of Dùn Beag 233

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