Section 6 Provides Penalties of Fine and Imprisonment Up to a Thousand

dollars, or a year's imprisonment, or both, for violation of Act.

Section 7 establishes the office of Superintendent of Immigration under the Treasury Department. The remaining sections of the Act may be summarized as follows:--(a) That the names and nationalities of immigrants shall be reported on arrival, and that they shall be promptly inspected by authorized agents empowered to decide upon their right to land. (b) Provision is made for the better inspection of the Canadian, British, Columbian, and Mexican borders, (c) That State and municipal authorities may exercise such jurisdiction over immigrant stations as may be necessary for the public peace, (d) That all immigrants who come in violation of the law shall be immediately sent back to the ships that brought them to the port; or if that be impracticable, they may be returned at any time within a year after their arrival. Any alien who may become a public charge within a year from his arrival shall be sent back to the country from whence he came. (e) That the Federal Courts shall have full jurisdiction in all cases arising under this Act.

APPENDIX F.

STATUTES PASSED BY THE COLONIES TO RESTRICT PAUPER IMMIGRATION.

CANADA.

The Immigration Act, 1886 (R.S.C. 1886, c. 65, secs. 23 and 24) enacts as follows:--

Sec. 23. The Governor-General may by proclamation, whenever he deems it necessary, prohibit the landing of pauper or destitute immigrants in all ports or any port in Canada, until such sums of money as are found necessary are provided and paid into the hands of one of the Canadian immigration agents, by the master of the vessel carrying such immigrants, for their temporary support and transport to their place of destination; and during such time as any such pauper immigrants would, in consequence of such orders, have to remain on board such vessel, the Governor in Council may provide for proper anchorage grounds being assigned to such vessel, and for such vessel being visited and superintended by the medical superintendent or any inspecting physician of the port or quarantine station, and for the necessary measures being taken to prevent the rise or spread of diseases amongst the passengers in such vessel and amongst people on shore.--32 and 33 Vict. c. 10, s. 16.

Sec. 24. The Governor-General may, by proclamation, whenever he deems it necessary, prohibit the landing in Canada of any criminal, or other vicious class of immigrants designated in such proclamation, except upon such conditions for insuring their re-transportation to the port in Europe whence they came with the least possible delay, as the Governor in Council prescribes; and such conditions may, if the Governor in Council deems it necessary, include the immediate return, or the return with the least possible delay, of the vessel and such immigrants to the said port--such prohibited immigrants remaining on board until such return of the vessel.--35 Vict. c. 28, s. 10.

VICTORIA.

The Passengers, Harbours, and Navigation Statute, 1865 (No. 255), enacts as follows in secs. 36-39:--

36. If the immigration officer, or assistant immigration officer, shall certify that any passenger shall have arrived in Victoria on board any ship as aforesaid (i.e. any British or foreign navigable vessel of any kind carrying passengers, except vessels plying from any one port in Victoria to any other port therein) being either lunatic, idiotic, deaf, dumb, blind, or infirm, and likely, in his opinion, to become a charge upon the public, or upon any public or charitable institution, the immigration officer shall require the owner, charterer, or master of such ship, within seven days after her arrival to execute with two sufficient sureties, jointly and severally, a bond to her Majesty in the sum of 100l. for every such passenger, conditioned to pay to the Treasurer of Victoria all moneys or expenses which shall or may be laid out or incurred within the space of five years from the execution of the said bond for the maintenance or support of such passenger; and the said sureties shall justify before and to the satisfaction of the said immigration officer, and shall by their oath or affirmation satisfy him that they are respectively residents in Victoria, and each worth treble the amount of the penalty of such bond over and above all their liabilities.

37. If any passenger for whom any bond shall have been given as aforesaid, shall at any time within five years from the execution thereof receive maintenance or support from any public or charitable institution in Victoria, the payment incurred for the maintenance and support of such passenger shall be provided for out of the money collected in and under such bond to the extent of the penalty therein mentioned, or such portion as shall be required for the payment of such maintenance or support; and it shall be the duty of the principal immigration agent, upon representation made to him, to ascertain the right and claim of the Treasurer of Victoria to payment of the amount so expended for the maintenance and support of any such passenger, and to report the same to the Governor in Council; and the said report shall be conclusive in the matter, and shall be evidence of the facts therein stated; and such bond may be put in suit, and the penalty, or as much thereof as shall be required to defray the expenses of such maintenance or support, may be recovered by suit or information on behalf of her Majesty, and in the name of a law officer in any court of competent jurisdiction.

38. If the owner, charterer, or master of any ship on board which such passengers, specially reported, shall have been carried, shall neglect or refuse to execute a bond as aforesaid within seven days, after being so required as aforesaid, he shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding 100l. sterling, in addition to his liability under the said bond; and such ship shall not be cleared out until the said bond shall have been executed, and the said penalties shall have been paid.

39. These provisions ... shall not extend to immigrants brought to Victoria at the public expense, nor to shipwrecked mariners brought to Victoria without charge by the master of some other ship than that in which they were wrecked, nor to the crews of ships who shall have signed articles for the whole voyage, nor to her Majesty's land and sea forces.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

Sec. 15 of the Immigration Act, 1872, enacts as follows:--

The Governor in Council may from time to time frame, annul, alter, and vary such regulations as may be necessary for declaring what persons shall be eligible for immigration to the said Province (i.e. South Australia), and generally for carrying out the provisions of this Act; and all such regulations, and all instructions which may from time to time be transmitted to any immigration agent, shall be forthwith published in the South Australian Government Gazette for general information, and shall be, within one week from their publication, if Parliament be then sitting, or, if not, then within one week from the next meeting of Parliament, laid upon the table of each House of Parliament.

The above Act was passed to "encourage and assist immigration into South Australia, and to provide for the control and supervision of such immigration." Pauper emigrants would not, in all probability, be allowed to land.

TASMANIA.

The Passengers Act, 1885, enacts as follows:--

Sec. 3. If the collector (at the port of arrival) shall certify that any passenger shall have arrived in Tasmania on board any ship (except one plying from any one port in the Colony to any other port therein) being either lunatic, idiotic, deaf, dumb, blind, or infirm, or from any cause unable to support himself, or likely, in the opinion of the collector, to become a charge upon the public, or upon any public or charitable institution, the collector shall require the owner, charterer, or master of such ship, within seven days after her arrival, to execute a bond to her Majesty in the sum of 100l. for every such passenger.

4. Every such bond shall be entered into with at least two sufficient sureties, and the person giving such bond and his sureties shall be bound jointly and severally to pay to the Treasurer of Tasmania all moneys and expenses which shall be laid out or incurred within the space of five years from the execution of the said bond for the maintenance or support of such passenger; and the said sureties shall justify before and to the satisfaction of the collector, and shall by their oath or affirmation satisfy him, that they are respectively residents in Tasmania, and each worth treble the amount of the penalty of such bond over and above all their liabilities.

5. Whenever any such ship or the passengers by such ship shall have performed quarantine in accordance with any law for the time being in force, then the period within which the owner, charterer, or master shall be required to give such bond shall be within seven days after such ship or passenger has or have performed quarantine and been duly discharged therefrom.

6. If any passenger for whom any bond shall have been given as aforesaid, shall at any time within five years from the execution thereof receive maintenance or support from any public or charitable institution in Tasmania, the amount expended for the maintenance and support of such passenger shall be provided for and repaid as herein-after provided out of the moneys collected under such bond, to the extent of the penalty therein mentioned, or such portion thereof as shall be required for the payment of such maintenance or support.

7. It shall be the duty of the authority or person having the control or charge of such public or charitable institution, to ascertain the right and claim of the Treasurer of Tasmania to payment of the amount so expended for the maintenance and support of any such passenger, and to report the same to him with all such information as may enable the Treasurer to recover the moneys due.

8. Every such report shall be conclusive in the matter, and shall be evidence of the facts therein stated; and every such bond may be put in suit, and the penalty, or as much thereof as shall be required to defray the expenses of such maintenance or support, may be recovered by suit or information on behalf of her Majesty, and in the name of a law officer in any court of competent jurisdiction.

9. If the owner, charterer, or master of any ship shall neglect or refuse to execute a bond in any case within the provisions of this Act within seven days after being so required as aforesaid, he shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding 100l., and the payment of such penalty shall not be deemed to exonerate such owner, charterer, or master from being compelled to execute such bond as by this Act provided; and such ship shall not either during or after the expiration of the said period of seven days be cleared out unless and until the said bond shall have been executed and the said penalty has been paid.

10. The provisions of this Act shall not extend to immigrants brought to Tasmania either wholly or partly at the expense of the Colony, nor to shipwrecked mariners brought to Tasmania without charge by the master of some other ship than that in which they were wrecked, nor to her Majesty's land and sea forces.

11. All penalties incurred under section 9 shall be recovered in a summary way before any two or more Justices of the Peace in the mode prescribed by the Magistrates' Summary Procedure Act (19 Vict., No. 8); and any person who thinks himself aggrieved by the imposition of any such penalty, may appeal against the same in the mode prescribed by the Appeals Regulation Act (19 Vict., No. 10).

NEW ZEALAND.

The Imbecile Passengers Act, 1882 (No. 58), is the same as the Tasmania Act above cited, and need not, therefore, be set out in detail. The only differences are--

(1.) The word "New Zealand" must be read throughout instead of "Tasmania."

(2.) In secs. 3 and 5, "fourteen days" must be read for "seven days."

(3.) In sec. 4, after the words "maintenance or support of such passenger," the words "by or in any public or charitable institution in New Zealand" must be inserted.

(4.) In sec. 8, instead of the words from "defray" to the end, the following must be read: "defray the charges incurred in such maintenance or support, may be recovered on behalf of her Majesty in the manner provided by the Crown Suits Act, 1881."

(5.) The following must be added as sec. 9:--

All moneys recovered or received under any such bond as aforesaid shall be paid by the Commissioner to the public or charitable institution, by or in which any such passenger #/ /# may have been maintained or supported as aforesaid.

(6.) Instead of sec. 11 read as sec. 12:--

All penalties incurred under sec. 10 (sec. 9 of the Tasmanian Act) shall be recoverable in a summary way before any two or more Justices of the Peace.

APPENDIX G.

LIST OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL LABOUR ORGANIZATIONS AND TRADES UNIONS WHICH HAVE CONDEMNED UNRESTRICTED ALIEN IMMIGRATION.

The Blackburn Power-Loom Weavers' Protection Society.

National Society of Amalgamated Brassworkers.

Steam-Engine-Makers' Society.

Amalgamated Society of Engineers.

Operative Bricklayers' Society.

Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen.

Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners.

Boiler-Makers' and Iron Ship-Builders' Society.

Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton-Spinners.

Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

Miners' Association (Durham).

Sailors' and Firemens' Union.

British Steel Smelters' Amalgamated Association.

The Amalgamated Hammermen's Trade Association.

Liverpool and Vicinity United Trades' Council.

London Trades' Council (Special sub-committee).

Operative Bakers of Scotland National Federal Union.

Cardiff, Penarth, and Barry Coal Trimmers' Protection and Benefit Association.

National Union of Boot Clickers and Rough Stuff Cutters.

Durham County Colliery Enginemens' Association.

Operative Cotton Spinners' Society.

The United Pointsmen and Signalmens' Mutual Aid and Sick Society.

Sailors' and Firemens' Union--Green's Home Branch.

Quarrymen's Union.

Oldham Provincial Card and Blowing Room Operatives' Association.

St. Helen's Association of Colliery Enginemen.

Dockers' Union.

West Bromwich, Oldbury, Tipton, Coseley and Bradley Amalgamated Association of Miners.

United Operative Plumbers' Association of Great Britain and Ireland.

Birmingham Operative Brass-Cock Finishers' Society.

West Riding of Yorkshire Power-Loom Weavers' Association.

Protective and Provident Society of Women working in Trades in Oxford.

National Amalgamated Coal-Porters' Union of Inland and Sea-borne Coal Workers.

Progressive Union of Cabinet-makers.

London Potters' Trade Society.

Liverpool Operative Ship-painters.

Society of Compositors.

Operative Lace-Makers' Society.

The Operative Plasterers' Association.

The Tin and Iron Plate-Workers' Society.

The Society of House Decorators.

The Shoemakers' Association.

The Master-Tailors' Association (Liverpool); and many others.

INDEX.

Action of the United States, 2

Alien Act of William IV., 26, 161

Alien Acts, English, 157

Alien Lists, how prepared, 29

Aliens do not create New Industry, 79

Aliens who return to Continent, 32

Allen, Mr., Evidence of, 78

Alton Locke, 69

Amalgamated Brassworkers, 81

American Act of '91, 134, 177

American Immigration, 126

American Labour, 132

Amusements of Foreign Jews, 47

Amusements of Italians, 65

Anti-Semitic Feeling, 35

Arrival of Aliens, 42

Association for Preventing Immigration, &c., 24

Asylum, Right of, 14

Attempts to confuse issue, 6

"Australia for the Australians," 144

Australian Immigration, 137

Austria, 116

Barnett, Rev. S. A., 107

Barrel Organs, 65

Bate, Dr., Evidence of, 99

Bavaria, 121

Bedford, Bishop of, 18, 143

Belgium, 118

Boarding-house, Jewish, 42

Board of Trade Returns, 25

Boot-slosher, 46

Boot Trade, Cheap, 46

British Columbia, 138

Bulgaria, 120

Burnett, John, Evidence of, 17, 75

Burnett's Report (Leeds), 22

Cabinet-making Trade, 75

Canada, 137

Canadian Act, 137

Canadian Immigration, 132

Causes of Immigration, 49

Chair-turning, 70

Chartist Act, 155, 160

Cheap Clothing Trade, 74

Children's Protection Act, 61

Chinese Immigrants Act, 143

Chinese Immigration, 139

Chinese Minister protests, 139

Chovevi Zion, 47

Clouet, E., 124

Colonial Workmen, 144

Combination useless, 60

Condition of Aliens, 42

Conference at Sydney, 143

Contract Labour Law, 177

Correspondence in Times, 31

Craving for Enjoyment, The, 107

Cruelties of Padroni, 59

Cruikshank's Allegory, 5

Customs, Letter from, 28

Dangers of Judenhetze, 51

Decoy for young Jewesses, 48

Degradation of Labour, 76

Dejonge, Henry, Evidence of, 18

Delicato, The Case of, 62

Denmark, Laws of, 167

Derby, Lord, 4

Destitution of Immigrants, 11

Dilke, Sir C., 136

Discomforts of Journey, 38

Disraeli, Mr., 83

Distribution of Jewish Immigration, 36

Dockers' Strike, 144

Drunkenness, an Effect, 106

Dunraven, Lord, 108

Economic Aspect, The, 69

Emigration rendered useless, 113

European Countries, 115

Evening News and Post, The, 39

Example of the United States, 127

Factory Inspector's Evidence, 97

Factory Regulations evaded, 88

Fayrer, Sir Joseph, 102

Feeling of Working-classes, 81

Ford Committee, The, 132

Foreign Revolutionary Societies, 56

France and Immigration, 123

Freak, Mr., Evidence of, 73

Free Trade, 154

Fur Trade, The, 70, 71

Gains of Padroni, 60

Galicia, 130

Georgian Era, The, 159

Germany and Aliens, 121

Goodman, Mr., Evidence of, 77

Goschen, Mr., 66

Goulson Street, 44

Grandmotherly Legislation, 153

Greece, 123

"Greener," The, 45

Green's History, 7

Grey, Sir George, 155

Hackney Board of Guardians, 105

Hamburg, Law of, 149

Henry IV., Act of, 157

" VI., " 158

" VII., " 158

Hicks-Beach, Sir M., 29

Holland, Inspector, 99

Home-work, 86

Huguenots, The, 7, 10

Ice-cream Vendors, 64

"Immigrant Emigration," 33

Increase of Immigration, 17

Individual Effort useless, 153

Infectious Diseases, 99

Injustice of Russia, 8

Irish in the United States, 127, 130

Isolation of England, 3

Italian Children, 54

Italy, Law of, 167

Jewish Board of Guardians, 24, 51, 97

Jewish Immigrant, Troubles of, 37

Jewish Immigration, 21, 33

Jewish Ladies' Rescue Society, 49

Jews, Foreign, Unsanitary habits of, 97

Jews in Russia, 8

Juvenal's Satires, 56

Keir, Mr., Statement of, 78

Killick, Mrs., 90

Kingsley, Canon, 106

Labour Legislation, 83

Labour Movement, 111

Laissez-faire Policy, 135

Leeds, Immigration into, 23

Lengthy Hours of Work, 45, 88

Lewisham Election, 84

"Limewash," 103

Lindsay, Mr., Evidence of, 27

List of Trades Unions, 186

Liverpool, Aliens in, 21

Loss of self-respect, 106

Manchester, Aliens in, 20

Mancini, Case of, 63

Mansion House Meeting, 10

Marriott, Sir W. T., 152

Mason, Rev. W. A., 18

"Meadow Bank" Case, 99

Mile End Board of Guardians, 105

Model Dwellings, 97

Moral View, The, 107

Multiplication of small masters, 69

Munich Society, 131

National View, A, 79

Netherlands, The, 119

New South Wales, 139, 145

New Zealand Act, 138, 184

Norway, 122

Official Returns, 25

Ogle, Dr. W., Evidence of, 17, 74

Old Ford, Vicar of, 91

Ottoman Government, 124

Out-work, System of, 86

Padroni, The, 58

Pampa v. Romano, 63

Parkes, Sir Henry, 145

Pauperism and Immigration, 104

Peter the Great, 95

Pilgrim Fathers, 128

Police Reports, 20

"Pool" of Unemployed, 79

Portugal, 124

Practice of counting Aliens, 31, 33

Preventible Diseases, 102

Prince of Wales, 102

Prohibition, 154

Prostitution, Increase of, 87

Queensland, 142

Refugees, 14

Residuum, The, 33

Restrictive Measures, 149

Richard II., Statute of, 157

Roumania, 120

Russian Edicts, 2

Russian Jews, 9

Russia's Injustice, 8

Russia's Policy, 125

Sanitary Aspect, The, 95

Sanitary Legislation, 102

Sanitation, Importance of, 101

Saxony, 120

Select Committee of Immigration, 150

Sentimental Objection, 4

Simmons, Mr., Evidence of, 18

Social Evils, 104

Socialistic Legislation, 153

Society of Friends of Foreigners in Distress, 54

Steamship Solicitation, 49, 129

Survival of the Fittest, 108

"Sweater," The, 69

Sweaters' Dens, 102

Sweating Committee, The, 96, 102

"Sweating" prices, 71, 89

Sweden, 122

Switzerland, 123

Tasmania, 3

Thurston, Mr., Evidence of, 18

Trades Unionism, 81

Traditional Policy, 14, 154

Traffic in Italian Children, 58

Trustworthy Statistics, Need of, 34

"Tuke" Committee, The, 130

Turkey, 124

United States Legislation, 176

Urgency for Legislation, 151

Victoria, the Chinese, 137, 144

Wages paid to Women, 89

Whitechapel, 94, 97

Woes of the Workwoman, 85

Women driven on the Streets, 91

Würtemburg, Laws of, 121

Zeitlin, Mr., Evidence of, 74

THE END.

Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London & Bungay.

FOOTNOTES:

i.e. 1890.

i.e. 1891.

Vide Appendix A.

Daily Telegraph, January 6, 1892.

Vide Appendix A.

15th September, 1891.

Statistical Tables relating to Emigration and Immigration, 1890.

Vide Appendix B.

Letter from Board of Trade, 15th June, 1891.

Vide Monthly Returns of the Board of Trade.

The Evening News and Post.

26th October, 1891.

Letter to The Times, August 23rd, 1890, and elsewhere.

Vide Appendix C.

1891.

24th August, 1891.

2nd October, 1891.

10th June, 1891.

Vide Appendix.

Times, 26th June, 1890.

Congress of Hygiene and Demography, August 1891.

Vide Majority Report, Hackney Board of Guardians, April 1891.

The late Canon Kingsley.

Great Cities, and their Influence for Good and Evil.

Arnold White, Problems of a Great City.

Speech, Public Meeting of "Association for Preventing Immigration of Destitute Aliens," July 1891.

Speech, House of Lords, June 1890.

Vide Appendix.

1891.

Vide Appendix.

Problems of Greater Britain, vol. ii. p. 314.

Vide Appendix.

17th January, 1891.

The italics are my own.--W. H. W.

Vide Appendix G.

Speech at Inaugural Meeting of the Association for Preventing Immigration of Destitute Aliens, May 1st, 1891.

Mr. Sydney Buxton, M.P., Right Hon. E. Heneage, M.P., Mr. W. McArthur, M.P., and many others.

For the information contained in Appendix A I am indebted to Mr. C. J. Follett, C.B.

* * * * *

Transcriber's Notes:

Missing footnotes anchors were corrected. All footnotes were moved to the end.

Page ii, "Capitaland" changed to "Capital and." Page 7, "artizans" changed to "artisans." Page 20, opening quotation mark added. Page 32, "espitolatory" changed to "epistolary." Page 66, "semmlingly" changed to "seemingly." Page 110, "wrould" changed to "would." Page 113, "wromen" changed to "women." Page 151, "diposed" changed to "disposed." Both "padrone" and "padroni" were used in this book.