wunder · LibrarySection 3, Taipei, Taiwan, Telephone: [886] (2) 2162-2000, Fax:
Read in the Wunder reader — free(2) 2162-2251; #2 Chung Cheng 3rd Road, 5th Floor, Kao-hsiung, Taiwan, telephone: (7) 238-7744, FAX: (7) 238-5237; and the American Trade Center, Room 3208 International Trade Building, Taipei World Trade Center, 333 Keelung Road Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan 10548, telephone: (2) 2720-1550, FAX: (2) 2757-7162
Tajikistan chief of mission: Ambassador Richard E. HOAGLAND embassy: 10 Pavlova Street, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734003; note - the embassy in Dushanbe is not yet fully operational; most business is still handled in Almaty at: 531 Sayfullin Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan, telephone 7-3272-58-79-61, FAX 7-3272-58-79-68 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: (372) 21-03-48, 21-03-52, 24-15-60 FAX: (372) 21-03-62, 51-00-28
Tanzania chief of mission: Ambassador Robert V. ROYALL embassy: 140 Msese Road, Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam telephone: (22) 2666-010 through 2666-015 FAX: (22) 2666-701, 2668-501
Thailand chief of mission: Ambassador Ralph L. BOYCE embassy: 120/22 Wireless Road, Bangkok mailing address: APO AP 96546 telephone: (2) 205-4000 FAX: (2) 254-2990, 205-4131 consulate(s) general: Chiang Mai
Togo chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: 221 79 52
Tokelau none (territory of New Zealand)
Tonga the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago chief of mission: Ambassador Roy L. AUSTIN embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain telephone: (868) 622-6372 through 6376, 622-6176 FAX: (868) 628-5462
Tunisia chief of mission: Ambassador William J. HUDSON embassy: Zone Nord-Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis, 2045 La Goulette, Tunisia mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: 71 107-000 FAX: 71 962-115
Turkey chief of mission: Ambassador Eric S. EDELMAN embassy: 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823 telephone: (312) 455-5555 FAX: (312) 467-0019 consulate(s) general: Istanbul consulate(s): Adana; note - there is a Consular Agent in Izmir
Turkmenistan chief of mission: Ambassador Tracey A. JACOBSON embassy: 9 Pushkin (1984) Street, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 774000 mailing address: 7070 Ashgabat Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-7070 telephone: (9312) 35-00-45 FAX: (9312) 39-26-14
Turks and Caicos Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Tuvalu the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu
Uganda chief of mission: Ambassador Jimmy KOLKER embassy: 1577 Ggaba Rd., Kampala mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala telephone: (41) 234-142 FAX: (41) 258-451
Ukraine chief of mission: Ambassador John E. HERBST embassy: 10 Yuriia Kotsiubynskoho Street, 04053 Kiev mailing address: 5850 Kiev Place, Washington, DC 20521-5850 telephone: (44) 490-4000 FAX: (44) 490-4085
United Arab Emirates chief of mission: Ambassador Michele SISON embassy: Embassies District, Plot 38 Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi telephone: (2) 414-2200 FAX: (2) 414-2469 consulate(s) general: Dubai
United Kingdom chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires David T. JOHNSON embassy: 24/31 Grosvenor Square, London, W1A 1AE mailing address: PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040 telephone: (0) 20 7499-9000 FAX: (0) 20 7629-9124 consulate(s) general: Belfast, Edinburgh
Uruguay chief of mission: Ambassador Martin J. SILVERSTEIN embassy: Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200 mailing address: APO AA 34035 telephone: (2) 418-7777 FAX: (2) 418-8611
Uzbekistan chief of mission: Ambassador Jon PURNELL embassy: 82 Chilanzarskaya, Tashkent 700115 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: (71) 120-5450 FAX: (71) 120-6335
Vanuatu the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu
Venezuela chief of mission: Ambassador William R. BROWNFIELD embassy: Calle F con Calle Suapure, Urbanizacion Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas 1080 mailing address: P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037 telephone: (212) 975-9234, 975-6411 FAX: (212) 975-8991
Vietnam chief of mission: Ambassador Michael W. MARINE embassy: 7 Lang Ha Road, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi mailing address: PSC 461, Box 400, FPO AP 96521-0002 telephone: (4) 772-1500 FAX: (4) 772-1510 consulate(s) general: Ho Chi Minh City
Virgin Islands none (territory of the US)
Wallis and Futuna none (overseas territory of France)
Western Sahara none
Yemen chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas C. KRAJESKI embassy: Saawan Street, Sanaa mailing address: P. O. Box 22347, Sanaa telephone: (1) 303-151 through 159 FAX: (1) 303-160/161/162/164/165
Zambia chief of mission: Ambassador Martin George BRENNAN embassy: corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues mailing address: P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka telephone: (1) 250-955 FAX: (1) 252-225
Zimbabwe chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph G. SULLIVAN embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: (4) 250-593 and 250-594 FAX: (4) 796488
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2008 Transportation - note
Arctic Ocean sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Atlantic Ocean Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways; significant domestic commercial and recreational use of Intracoastal Waterway on central and south Atlantic seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of US
Baker Island there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
Georgia transportation network is in poor condition resulting from ethnic conflict, criminal activities, and fuel shortages; network lacks maintenance and repair
Howland Island Earhart Light is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast that was partially destroyed during World War II, but has since been rebuilt; named in memory of famed aviatrix Amelia EARHART
Jarvis Island there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
Midway Islands airfield serves as an emergency landing site for commercial aircraft crossing the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean Inside Passage offers protected waters from southeast Alaska to Puget Sound (Washington state)
Southern Ocean Drake Passage offers alternative to transit through the Panama Canal
Wake Island formerly an important commercial aviation base, now used by US military, some commercial cargo planes, and for emergency landings
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2010 Age structure (%)
Afghanistan 0-14 years: 44.7% (male 6,842,857/female 6,524,485) 15-64 years: 52.9% (male 8,124,077/female 7,713,603) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 353,193/female 370,772) (2005 est.)
Albania 0-14 years: 25.6% (male 476,989/female 434,298) 15-64 years: 65.8% (male 1,199,964/female 1,144,886) 65 years and over: 8.6% (male 141,559/female 165,416) (2005 est.)
Algeria 0-14 years: 29% (male 4,811,086/female 4,626,271) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 10,861,862/female 10,701,459) 65 years and over: 4.7% (male 719,460/female 811,715) (2005 est.)
American Samoa 0-14 years: 35.7% (male 10,705/female 9,956) 15-64 years: 61.3% (male 18,351/female 17,125) 65 years and over: 3% (male 664/female 1,080) (2005 est.)
Andorra 0-14 years: 14.8% (male 5,471/female 4,995) 15-64 years: 71.5% (male 26,463/female 23,977) 65 years and over: 13.7% (male 4,780/female 4,863) (2005 est.)
Angola 0-14 years: 43.4% (male 2,454,209/female 2,407,083) 15-64 years: 53.7% (male 3,059,339/female 2,955,060) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 139,961/female 175,134) (2005 est.)
Anguilla 0-14 years: 23.2% (male 1,561/female 1,517) 15-64 years: 69.9% (male 4,767/female 4,501) 65 years and over: 6.9% (male 405/female 503) (2005 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 0-14 years: 27.9% (male 9,767/female 9,427) 15-64 years: 68% (male 23,466/female 23,250) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,085/female 1,727) (2005 est.)
Argentina 0-14 years: 25.6% (male 5,170,721/female 4,938,171) 15-64 years: 63.9% (male 12,626,711/female 12,627,026) 65 years and over: 10.6% (male 1,712,117/female 2,463,197) (2005 est.)
Armenia 0-14 years: 21.6% (male 339,453/female 305,214) 15-64 years: 67.5% (male 938,734/female 1,074,240) 65 years and over: 10.9% (male 131,519/female 193,744) (2005 est.)
Aruba 0-14 years: 19.9% (male 7,308/female 6,960) 15-64 years: 68.2% (male 23,736/female 25,068) 65 years and over: 11.9% (male 3,486/female 5,008) (2005 est.)
Australia 0-14 years: 19.8% (male 2,038,809/female 1,943,563) 15-64 years: 67.2% (male 6,815,600/female 6,695,189) 65 years and over: 12.9% (male 1,145,274/female 1,452,002) (2005 est.)
Austria 0-14 years: 15.6% (male 656,058/female 624,574) 15-64 years: 67.8% (male 2,790,673/female 2,756,612) 65 years and over: 16.6% (male 543,626/female 813,148) (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan 0-14 years: 26.4% (male 1,063,731/female 1,028,684) 15-64 years: 65.7% (male 2,533,762/female 2,665,381) 65 years and over: 7.8% (male 245,758/female 374,658) (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The 0-14 years: 27.9% (male 42,142/female 42,096) 15-64 years: 65.9% (male 97,865/female 101,047) 65 years and over: 6.2% (male 7,616/female 11,024) (2005 est.)
Bahrain 0-14 years: 27.8% (male 96,807/female 94,863) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 275,792/female 197,424) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 12,078/female 11,381) (2005 est.)
Bangladesh 0-14 years: 33.1% (male 24,590,207/female 23,162,420) 15-64 years: 63.5% (male 46,764,824/female 44,868,733) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 2,650,683/female 2,282,761) (2005 est.)
Barbados 0-14 years: 20.6% (male 28,813/female 28,634) 15-64 years: 70.6% (male 96,590/female 100,622) 65 years and over: 8.8% (male 9,432/female 15,163) (2005 est.)
Belarus 0-14 years: 16% (male 839,292/female 804,738) 15-64 years: 69.5% (male 3,481,432/female 3,672,991) 65 years and over: 14.6% (male 498,717/female 1,003,313) (2005 est.)
Belgium 0-14 years: 16.9% (male 892,995/female 855,177) 15-64 years: 65.7% (male 3,435,282/female 3,373,917) 65 years and over: 17.4% (male 745,178/female 1,061,839) (2005 est.)
Belize 0-14 years: 40.1% (male 57,114/female 54,877) 15-64 years: 56.4% (male 79,694/female 77,881) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 4,768/female 5,123) (2005 est.)
Benin 0-14 years: 46.5% (male 1,752,243/female 1,719,458) 15-64 years: 51.2% (male 1,868,630/female 1,948,610) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 70,367/female 100,717) (2005 est.)
Bermuda 0-14 years: 18.9% (male 6,177/female 6,154) 15-64 years: 69.2% (male 22,422/female 22,828) 65 years and over: 11.9% (male 3,378/female 4,406) (2005 est.)
Bhutan 0-14 years: 39.1% (male 452,213/female 420,675) 15-64 years: 56.9% (male 654,109/female 615,431) 65 years and over: 4% (male 45,281/female 44,582) (2005 est.)
Bolivia 0-14 years: 35.7% (male 1,613,049/female 1,551,023) 15-64 years: 59.8% (male 2,591,328/female 2,701,892) 65 years and over: 4.5% (male 178,486/female 222,092) (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0-14 years: 18.3% (male 378,784/female 358,784) 15-64 years: 70.7% (male 1,458,405/female 1,388,793) 65 years and over: 10.9% (male 188,741/female 251,969) (2005 est.)
Botswana 0-14 years: 38.8% (male 322,916/female 312,735) 15-64 years: 57.5% (male 455,183/female 487,236) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 23,914/female 38,131) (2005 est.)
Brazil 0-14 years: 26.1% (male 24,789,495/female 23,842,715) 15-64 years: 67.9% (male 62,669,392/female 63,719,631) 65 years and over: 6% (male 4,549,552/female 6,542,009) (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands 0-14 years: 21% (male 2,400/female 2,358) 15-64 years: 73.9% (male 8,607/female 8,115) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 614/female 549) (2005 est.)
Brunei 0-14 years: 28.6% (male 54,342/female 52,084) 15-64 years: 68.4% (male 134,908/female 119,814) 65 years and over: 3% (male 5,301/female 5,912) (2005 est.)
Bulgaria 0-14 years: 14.1% (male 539,005/female 512,762) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 2,516,368/female 2,599,524) 65 years and over: 17.2% (male 531,008/female 751,682) (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso 0-14 years: 46% (male 3,213,436/female 3,193,253) 15-64 years: 51.2% (male 3,487,201/female 3,635,673) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 164,418/female 231,332) (2005 est.)
Burma 0-14 years: 27.2% (male 5,967,487/female 5,717,795) 15-64 years: 67.8% (male 14,448,887/female 14,641,419) 65 years and over: 5% (male 939,092/female 1,194,784) (2005 est.)
Burundi 0-14 years: 46% (male 1,479,941/female 1,450,808) 15-64 years: 51.3% (male 1,617,864/female 1,653,331) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 66,199/female 102,466) (2005 est.)
Cambodia 0-14 years: 37.3% (male 2,559,734/female 2,510,235) 15-64 years: 59.7% (male 3,887,642/female 4,232,313) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 150,862/female 266,283) (2005 est.)
Cameroon 0-14 years: 41.7% (male 3,457,180/female 3,375,668) 15-64 years: 55% (male 4,537,281/female 4,477,163) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 239,634/female 293,079) (2005 est.)
Canada 0-14 years: 17.9% (male 3,016,032/female 2,869,244) 15-64 years: 68.9% (male 11,357,425/female 11,244,356) 65 years and over: 13.2% (male 1,842,496/female 2,475,488) (2005 est.)
Cape Verde 0-14 years: 39% (male 82,249/female 80,752) 15-64 years: 54.3% (male 110,119/female 116,816) 65 years and over: 6.8% (male 10,599/female 17,689) (2005 est.)
Cayman Islands 0-14 years: 21.1% (male 4,658/female 4,662) 15-64 years: 70.8% (male 15,284/female 16,050) 65 years and over: 8.2% (male 1,699/female 1,917) (2005 est.)
Central African Republic 0-14 years: 42.5% (male 813,596/female 802,728) 15-64 years: 54% (male 1,010,696/female 1,041,903) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 54,345/female 76,629) (2005 est.)
Chad 0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,365,277/female 2,337,388) 15-64 years: 49.4% (male 2,323,110/female 2,528,086) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 109,535/female 163,023) (2005 est.)
Chile 0-14 years: 25.2% (male 2,062,735/female 1,970,913) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 5,320,870/female 5,342,771) 65 years and over: 8% (male 534,737/female 748,886) (2005 est.)
China 0-14 years: 21.4% (male 148,134,928/female 131,045,415) 15-64 years: 71% (male 477,182,072/female 450,664,933) 65 years and over: 7.6% (male 47,400,282/female 51,886,182) (2005 est.)
Christmas Island 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Colombia 0-14 years: 30.7% (male 6,670,950/female 6,516,371) 15-64 years: 64.2% (male 13,424,433/female 14,142,825) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 968,127/female 1,231,573) (2005 est.)
Comoros 0-14 years: 42.8% (male 144,075/female 143,175) 15-64 years: 54.2% (male 179,541/female 184,488) 65 years and over: 3% (male 9,407/female 10,561) (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0-14 years: 48.1% (male 14,513,779/female 14,396,952) 15-64 years: 49.4% (male 14,579,101/female 15,121,297) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 597,776/female 876,099) (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 0-14 years: 37.3% (male 571,011/female 563,414) 15-64 years: 59% (male 886,297/female 907,348) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 45,799/female 65,257) (2005 est.)
Cook Islands 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Costa Rica 0-14 years: 28.9% (male 593,540/female 566,361) 15-64 years: 65.5% (male 1,330,481/female 1,300,664) 65 years and over: 5.6% (male 104,564/female 120,563) (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 0-14 years: 41% (male 3,490,536/female 3,596,208) 15-64 years: 56.3% (male 4,920,726/female 4,820,326) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 231,514/female 238,730) (2005 est.)
Croatia 0-14 years: 16.4% (male 378,615/female 359,231) 15-64 years: 67% (male 1,497,355/female 1,514,993) 65 years and over: 16.6% (male 283,460/female 462,250) (2005 est.)
Cuba 0-14 years: 19.6% (male 1,139,644/female 1,079,412) 15-64 years: 70.1% (male 3,977,110/female 3,975,818) 65 years and over: 10.4% (male 540,720/female 633,966) (2005 est.)
Cyprus 0-14 years: 20.9% (male 83,256/female 79,701) 15-64 years: 67.7% (male 267,446/female 260,846) 65 years and over: 11.4% (male 38,766/female 50,118) (2005 est.)
Czech Republic 0-14 years: 14.7% (male 773,028/female 731,833) 15-64 years: 71.1% (male 3,651,018/female 3,627,006) 65 years and over: 14.2% (male 565,374/female 892,879) (2005 est.)
Denmark 0-14 years: 18.8% (male 524,250/female 497,683) 15-64 years: 66.1% (male 1,811,787/female 1,780,907) 65 years and over: 15.1% (male 349,458/female 468,250) (2005 est.)
Djibouti 0-14 years: 43.3% (male 103,516/female 102,860) 15-64 years: 53.5% (male 133,168/female 121,823) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 7,748/female 7,588) (2005 est.)
Dominica 0-14 years: 26.7% (male 9,328/female 9,125) 15-64 years: 65.4% (male 23,225/female 21,900) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 2,193/female 3,258) (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic 0-14 years: 32.9% (male 1,505,964/female 1,438,809) 15-64 years: 61.7% (male 2,815,544/female 2,703,012) 65 years and over: 5.4% (male 226,372/female 260,333) (2005 est.)
East Timor 0-14 years: 37.1% (male 196,108/female 189,753) 15-64 years: 59.9% (male 318,173/female 305,479) 65 years and over: 3% (male 15,353/female 16,014) (2005 est.)
Ecuador 0-14 years: 33.5% (male 2,282,252/female 2,195,942) 15-64 years: 61.5% (male 4,094,146/female 4,130,096) 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 310,336/female 350,821) (2005 est.)
Egypt 0-14 years: 33% (male 13,106,043/female 12,483,899) 15-64 years: 62.6% (male 24,531,266/female 23,972,216) 65 years and over: 4.4% (male 1,457,097/female 1,955,235) (2005 est.)
El Salvador 0-14 years: 36.5% (male 1,250,901/female 1,198,589) 15-64 years: 58.3% (male 1,860,084/female 2,051,140) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 153,133/female 191,085) (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 0-14 years: 41.7% (male 112,326/female 111,244) 15-64 years: 54.5% (male 140,568/female 151,500) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 8,900/female 11,343) (2005 est.)
Eritrea 0-14 years: 44.8% (male 1,023,898/female 1,019,389) 15-64 years: 51.9% (male 1,170,823/female 1,194,741) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 74,312/female 78,436) (2005 est.)
Estonia 0-14 years: 15.5% (male 106,300/female 100,446) 15-64 years: 67.7% (male 429,843/female 472,034) 65 years and over: 16.8% (male 74,037/female 150,233) (2005 est.)
Ethiopia 0-14 years: 43.9% (male 16,082,504/female 15,999,602) 15-64 years: 53.4% (male 19,452,737/female 19,525,746) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 905,648/female 1,087,049) (2005 est.)
European Union 0-14 years: 16.03% (male 37,608,010/female 35,632,351) 15-64 years: 67.17% (male 154,439,536/female 152,479,619) 65 years and over: 16.81% (male 31,515,921/female 45,277,821) (2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2005 est.)
Faroe Islands 0-14 years: 21.3% (male 4,997/female 4,999) 15-64 years: 64.9% (male 16,120/female 14,360) 65 years and over: 13.8% (male 2,923/female 3,563) (2005 est.)
Fiji 0-14 years: 31.4% (male 143,066/female 137,346) 15-64 years: 64.5% (male 288,434/female 287,720) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 16,797/female 19,991) (2005 est.)
Finland 0-14 years: 17.3% (male 460,977/female 443,859) 15-64 years: 66.8% (male 1,764,874/female 1,723,385) 65 years and over: 15.9% (male 328,952/female 501,395) (2005 est.)
France 0-14 years: 18.4% (male 5,717,761/female 5,440,060) 15-64 years: 65.2% (male 19,784,749/female 19,752,432) 65 years and over: 16.4% (male 4,084,193/female 5,876,983) (2005 est.)
French Guiana 0-14 years: 29.3% (male 29,262/female 27,947) 15-64 years: 64.7% (male 67,895/female 58,534) 65 years and over: 6.1% (male 6,038/female 5,830) (2005 est.)
French Polynesia 0-14 years: 26.7% (male 36,947/female 35,403) 15-64 years: 67.4% (male 94,710/female 87,546) 65 years and over: 5.9% (male 8,018/female 7,861) (2005 est.)
Gabon 0-14 years: 42.1% (male 293,668/female 291,816) 15-64 years: 53.8% (male 372,134/female 374,850) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 23,551/female 33,182) (2005 est.)
Gambia, The 0-14 years: 44.5% (male 356,079/female 352,894) 15-64 years: 52.8% (male 416,809/female 424,429) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 22,111/female 20,934) (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip 0-14 years: 48.5% (male 342,186/female 325,899) 15-64 years: 48.8% (male 342,927/female 329,354) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 15,036/female 20,887) (2005 est.)
Georgia 0-14 years: 18% (male 444,779/female 398,162) 15-64 years: 65.9% (male 1,480,557/female 1,603,743) 65 years and over: 16% (male 300,859/female 449,301) (2005 est.)
Germany 0-14 years: 14.4% (male 6,078,885/female 5,766,065) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 28,006,268/female 27,003,958) 65 years and over: 18.9% (male 6,359,776/female 9,216,438) (2005 est.)
Ghana 0-14 years: 37.1% (male 3,946,326/female 3,862,390) 15-64 years: 59.1% (male 6,203,035/female 6,235,107) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 366,472/female 416,523) (2005 est.)
Gibraltar 0-14 years: 17.8% (male 2,529/female 2,426) 15-64 years: 66% (male 9,442/female 8,970) 65 years and over: 16.2% (male 2,008/female 2,509) (2005 est.)
Greece 0-14 years: 14.4% (male 791,227/female 744,178) 15-64 years: 66.8% (male 3,561,689/female 3,564,675) 65 years and over: 18.8% (male 884,497/female 1,122,088) (2005 est.)
Greenland 0-14 years: 25% (male 7,216/female 6,888) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 20,897/female 17,823) 65 years and over: 6.3% (male 1,672/female 1,879) (2005 est.)
Grenada 0-14 years: 33.9% (male 15,329/female 14,997) 15-64 years: 62.7% (male 29,711/female 26,436) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 1,431/female 1,598) (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe 0-14 years: 24% (male 55,072/female 52,677) 15-64 years: 66.9% (male 148,880/female 151,238) 65 years and over: 9.1% (male 17,032/female 23,814) (2005 est.)
Guam 0-14 years: 29.4% (male 25,645/female 23,887) 15-64 years: 64.1% (male 55,115/female 52,935) 65 years and over: 6.5% (male 5,157/female 5,825) (2005 est.)
Guatemala 0-14 years: 42.4% (male 3,185,037/female 3,033,947) 15-64 years: 54.2% (male 4,019,052/female 3,928,984) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 226,745/female 261,424) (2005 est.)
Guernsey 0-14 years: 15.4% (male 5,084/female 4,937) 15-64 years: 66.9% (male 21,611/female 22,002) 65 years and over: 17.8% (male 4,882/female 6,712) (2005 est.)
Guinea 0-14 years: 44.4% (male 2,123,207/female 2,079,475) 15-64 years: 52.4% (male 2,478,820/female 2,486,300) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 131,130/female 168,934) (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 0-14 years: 41.5% (male 293,280/female 294,483) 15-64 years: 55.5% (male 376,719/female 409,402) 65 years and over: 3% (male 17,865/female 24,278) (2005 est.)
Guyana 0-14 years: 26.4% (male 103,054/female 99,279) 15-64 years: 68.5% (male 263,953/female 260,000) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 16,801/female 22,196) (2005 est.)
Haiti 0-14 years: 42.6% (male 1,741,622/female 1,721,436) 15-64 years: 53.9% (male 2,137,225/female 2,242,639) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 124,383/female 154,317) (2005 est.)
Honduras 0-14 years: 40.8% (male 1,452,646/female 1,393,271) 15-64 years: 55.5% (male 1,921,432/female 1,948,656) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 122,146/female 137,053) (2005 est.)
Hong Kong 0-14 years: 13.8% (male 498,771/female 454,252) 15-64 years: 73.5% (male 2,479,656/female 2,591,170) 65 years and over: 12.7% (male 404,308/female 470,529) (2005 est.)
Hungary 0-14 years: 15.8% (male 813,203/female 769,687) 15-64 years: 69.1% (male 3,405,559/female 3,511,141) 65 years and over: 15.1% (male 547,323/female 959,922) (2005 est.)
Iceland 0-14 years: 22.1% (male 33,302/female 32,257) 15-64 years: 66.2% (male 99,513/female 96,886) 65 years and over: 11.7% (male 15,723/female 19,056) (2005 est.)
India 0-14 years: 31.2% (male 173,634,432/female 163,932,475) 15-64 years: 63.9% (male 356,932,082/female 333,283,590) 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 26,542,025/female 25,939,784) (2005 est.)
Indonesia 0-14 years: 29.1% (male 35,823,456/female 34,590,631) 15-64 years: 65.7% (male 79,447,560/female 79,449,399) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 5,526,389/female 7,136,444) (2005 est.)
Iran 0-14 years: 27.1% (male 9,465,475/female 8,973,828) 15-64 years: 68% (male 23,556,970/female 22,701,065) 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 1,637,512/female 1,683,010) (2005 est.)
Iraq 0-14 years: 40% (male 5,293,709/female 5,130,826) 15-64 years: 57% (male 7,530,619/female 7,338,109) 65 years and over: 3% (male 367,832/female 413,811) (2005 est.)
Ireland 0-14 years: 20.9% (male 434,225/female 406,730) 15-64 years: 67.5% (male 1,358,086/female 1,354,148) 65 years and over: 11.5% (male 203,614/female 258,873) (2005 est.)
Israel 0-14 years: 26.5% (male 851,415/female 812,095) 15-64 years: 63.7% (male 2,010,888/female 1,986,256) 65 years and over: 9.8% (male 264,708/female 351,521) (2005 est.)
Italy 0-14 years: 13.9% (male 4,166,213/female 3,919,288) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 19,554,416/female 19,174,629) 65 years and over: 19.4% (male 4,698,441/female 6,590,046) (2005 est.)
Jamaica 0-14 years: 27.5% (male 385,099/female 367,398) 15-64 years: 65.6% (male 897,953/female 893,509) 65 years and over: 6.9% (male 83,632/female 104,241) (2005 est.)
Japan 0-14 years: 14.3% (male 9,328,584/female 8,866,772) 15-64 years: 66.2% (male 42,462,533/female 41,942,835) 65 years and over: 19.5% (male 10,435,284/female 14,381,236) (2005 est.)
Jersey 0-14 years: 17.5% (male 8,222/female 7,658) 15-64 years: 67% (male 30,296/female 30,561) 65 years and over: 15.5% (male 6,176/female 7,899) (2005 est.)
Jordan 0-14 years: 34.5% (male 1,015,084/female 973,220) 15-64 years: 61.7% (male 1,897,643/female 1,656,570) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 106,168/female 111,047) (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan 0-14 years: 23.7% (male 1,834,535/female 1,758,988) 15-64 years: 68.4% (male 5,075,243/female 5,312,536) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 424,341/female 780,201) (2005 est.)
Kenya 0-14 years: 42.5% (male 7,252,075/female 7,124,034) 15-64 years: 55.2% (male 9,378,428/female 9,295,471) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 356,116/female 423,466) (2005 est.)
Kiribati 0-14 years: 38.9% (male 20,342/female 19,806) 15-64 years: 57.7% (male 29,362/female 30,136) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 1,477/female 1,969) (2005 est.)
Korea, North 0-14 years: 24.2% (male 2,816,844/female 2,735,478) 15-64 years: 67.9% (male 7,668,581/female 7,883,267) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 625,819/female 1,182,188) (2005 est.)
Korea, South 0-14 years: 19.4% (male 4,952,177/female 4,450,821) 15-64 years: 72% (male 17,715,267/female 17,147,808) 65 years and over: 8.6% (male 1,670,971/female 2,485,600) (2005 est.)
Kuwait 0-14 years: 27.2% (male 323,382/female 311,700) 15-64 years: 70.1% (male 1,045,589/female 591,243) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 40,439/female 23,295) (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 0-14 years: 31.6% (male 827,751/female 796,029) 15-64 years: 62.3% (male 1,571,476/female 1,632,506) 65 years and over: 6.2% (male 123,992/female 194,527) (2005 est.)
Laos 0-14 years: 41.6% (male 1,300,094/female 1,289,227) 15-64 years: 55.2% (male 1,693,494/female 1,737,196) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 88,744/female 108,386) (2005 est.)
Latvia 0-14 years: 14.4% (male 169,284/female 161,648) 15-64 years: 69.4% (male 770,839/female 819,309) 65 years and over: 16.1% (male 120,306/female 248,851) (2005 est.)
Lebanon 0-14 years: 26.7% (male 520,270/female 499,609) 15-64 years: 66.4% (male 1,216,738/female 1,324,031) 65 years and over: 6.9% (male 120,176/female 145,194) (2005 est.)
Lesotho 0-14 years: 36.9% (male 346,930/female 342,459) 15-64 years: 57.6% (male 526,642/female 548,096) 65 years and over: 5.5% (male 42,003/female 60,905) (2005 est.)
Liberia 0-14 years: 43.6% (male 765,662/female 751,134) 15-64 years: 52.8% (male 896,206/female 940,985) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 64,547/female 63,677) (2005 est.)
Libya 0-14 years: 33.9% (male 997,364/female 955,272) 15-64 years: 62% (male 1,842,775/female 1,729,235) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 117,967/female 122,950) (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein 0-14 years: 17.6% (male 2,938/female 3,009) 15-64 years: 70.4% (male 11,795/female 11,927) 65 years and over: 12% (male 1,685/female 2,363) (2005 est.)
Lithuania 0-14 years: 16.1% (male 297,271/female 282,269) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 1,206,731/female 1,264,359) 65 years and over: 15.2% (male 186,979/female 359,008) (2005 est.)
Luxembourg 0-14 years: 18.9% (male 45,768/female 42,980) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 157,453/female 153,927) 65 years and over: 14.6% (male 27,573/female 40,870) (2005 est.)
Macau 0-14 years: 17% (male 39,564/female 36,947) 15-64 years: 75.1% (male 160,957/female 176,386) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 14,713/female 20,631) (2005 est.)
Macedonia 0-14 years: 20.5% (male 217,057/female 202,465) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 707,489/female 697,150) 65 years and over: 10.8% (male 97,117/female 123,984) (2005 est.)
Madagascar 0-14 years: 44.8% (male 4,051,832/female 4,038,837) 15-64 years: 52.1% (male 4,657,346/female 4,745,971) 65 years and over: 3% (male 247,146/female 299,209) (2005 est.)
Malawi 0-14 years: 46.9% (male 2,877,568/female 2,823,296) 15-64 years: 50.4% (male 3,041,352/female 3,081,762) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 132,175/female 202,771) (2005 est.)
Malaysia 0-14 years: 33% (male 4,067,006/female 3,837,758) 15-64 years: 62.4% (male 7,488,367/female 7,447,047) 65 years and over: 4.6% (male 490,334/female 622,624) (2005 est.)
Maldives 0-14 years: 43.9% (male 78,794/female 74,505) 15-64 years: 53% (male 94,488/female 90,624) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 5,339/female 5,356) (2005 est.)
Mali 0-14 years: 47.1% (male 2,910,944/female 2,876,010) 15-64 years: 50% (male 2,955,496/female 3,185,666) 65 years and over: 3% (male 165,867/female 197,546) (2005 est.)
Malta 0-14 years: 17.6% (male 36,056/female 34,097) 15-64 years: 68.8% (male 138,537/female 135,666) 65 years and over: 13.6% (male 23,184/female 30,994) (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of 0-14 years: 17.4% (male 6,681/female 6,365) 15-64 years: 65.5% (male 24,693/female 24,482) 65 years and over: 17.1% (male 5,163/female 7,665) (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands 0-14 years: 38.2% (male 11,488/female 11,071) 15-64 years: 59.1% (male 17,887/female 17,023) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 771/female 831) (2005 est.)
Martinique 0-14 years: 22.4% (male 49,112/female 47,697) 15-64 years: 67.2% (male 145,531/female 145,250) 65 years and over: 10.5% (male 20,423/female 24,887) (2005 est.)
Mauritania 0-14 years: 45.8% (male 707,728/female 704,616) 15-64 years: 52% (male 792,589/female 813,763) 65 years and over: 2.2% (male 27,560/female 40,603) (2005 est.)
Mauritius 0-14 years: 24.4% (male 151,043/female 148,847) 15-64 years: 69.1% (male 424,472/female 425,974) 65 years and over: 6.5% (male 31,506/female 48,760) (2005 est.)
Mayotte 0-14 years: 46.2% (male 44,926/female 44,521) 15-64 years: 52.1% (male 54,713/female 46,156) 65 years and over: 1.7% (male 1,666/female 1,651) (2005 est.)
Mexico 0-14 years: 31.1% (male 16,844,400/female 16,159,511) 15-64 years: 63.3% (male 32,521,043/female 34,704,093) 65 years and over: 5.6% (male 2,715,010/female 3,258,846) (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 0-14 years: 37.1% (male 20,439/female 19,674) 15-64 years: 59.8% (male 32,382/female 32,313) 65 years and over: 3% (male 1,461/female 1,836) (2005 est.)
Moldova 0-14 years: 20.2% (male 459,452/female 442,725) 15-64 years: 69.5% (male 1,489,813/female 1,606,202) 65 years and over: 10.3% (male 169,038/female 288,191) (2005 est.)
Monaco 0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,563/female 2,445) 15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,909/female 10,217) 65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,972/female 4,303) (2005 est.)
Mongolia 0-14 years: 28.7% (male 407,547/female 392,440) 15-64 years: 67.7% (male 943,418/female 945,063) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 44,413/female 58,391) (2005 est.)
Montserrat 0-14 years: 23.3% (male 1,109/female 1,072) 15-64 years: 65.6% (male 2,923/female 3,201) 65 years and over: 11.1% (male 536/female 500) (2005 est.)
Morocco 0-14 years: 32.1% (male 5,349,247/female 5,150,497) 15-64 years: 63% (male 10,259,808/female 10,346,608) 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 708,921/female 910,766) (2005 est.)
Mozambique 0-14 years: 43.1% (male 4,206,654/female 4,157,898) 15-64 years: 54.1% (male 5,088,250/female 5,416,573) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 224,682/female 312,646) (2005 est.)
Namibia 0-14 years: 38.7% (male 396,247/female 389,543) 15-64 years: 57.7% (male 586,900/female 584,779) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 33,524/female 39,699) (2005 est.)
Nauru 0-14 years: 37.5% (male 2,511/female 2,379) 15-64 years: 60.6% (male 3,895/female 4,012) 65 years and over: 1.9% (male 132/female 119) (2005 est.)
Nepal 0-14 years: 39% (male 5,575,157/female 5,221,794) 15-64 years: 57.3% (male 8,137,410/female 7,720,691) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 499,039/female 522,456) (2005 est.)
Netherlands 0-14 years: 18.1% (male 1,523,316/female 1,453,232) 15-64 years: 67.8% (male 5,627,007/female 5,491,802) 65 years and over: 14.1% (male 974,037/female 1,338,097) (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 0-14 years: 24.2% (male 27,302/female 26,002) 15-64 years: 67.3% (male 70,838/female 77,148) 65 years and over: 8.5% (male 7,673/female 10,995) (2005 est.)
New Caledonia 0-14 years: 29% (male 32,030/female 30,714) 15-64 years: 64.6% (male 70,294/female 69,506) 65 years and over: 6.4% (male 6,513/female 7,437) (2005 est.)
New Zealand 0-14 years: 21.4% (male 441,836/female 421,065) 15-64 years: 66.9% (male 1,356,095/female 1,343,728) 65 years and over: 11.7% (male 206,650/female 266,087) (2005 est.)
Nicaragua 0-14 years: 37.2% (male 1,036,487/female 999,226) 15-64 years: 59.7% (male 1,623,065/female 1,638,017) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 73,935/female 94,370) (2005 est.)
Niger 0-14 years: 47.3% (male 2,811,539/female 2,704,498) 15-64 years: 50.6% (male 2,890,119/female 3,009,281) 65 years and over: 2.1% (male 130,953/female 119,547) (2005 est.)
Nigeria 0-14 years: 42.3% (male 27,466,766/female 27,045,092) 15-64 years: 54.6% (male 35,770,593/female 34,559,414) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 1,874,157/female 2,055,966) (2005 est.)
Niue 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Norfolk Island 0-14 years: 20.2% 15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2005 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands 0-14 years: 19.9% (male 8,332/female 7,646) 15-64 years: 78.5% (male 26,121/female 36,982) 65 years and over: 1.6% (male 646/female 635) (2005 est.)
Norway 0-14 years: 19.5% (male 459,418/female 437,734) 15-64 years: 65.7% (male 1,531,249/female 1,484,656) 65 years and over: 14.8% (male 286,343/female 393,641) (2005 est.)
Oman 0-14 years: 42.6% (male 652,028/female 626,698) 15-64 years: 54.9% (male 978,183/female 668,814) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 41,366/female 34,494) (2005 est.)
Pakistan 0-14 years: 39.6% (male 33,104,311/female 31,244,297) 15-64 years: 56.3% (male 46,759,333/female 44,685,828) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 3,189,122/female 3,437,055) (2005 est.)
Palau 0-14 years: 26.4% (male 2,768/female 2,601) 15-64 years: 69% (male 7,565/female 6,436) 65 years and over: 4.6% (male 443/female 490) (2005 est.)
Panama 0-14 years: 29.8% (male 460,840/female 443,359) 15-64 years: 63.9% (male 984,558/female 956,748) 65 years and over: 6.4% (male 91,383/female 102,262) (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea 0-14 years: 38.1% (male 1,072,910/female 1,037,635) 15-64 years: 58.1% (male 1,662,166/female 1,559,685) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 99,777/female 113,095) (2005 est.)
Paraguay 0-14 years: 37.9% (male 1,223,479/female 1,184,134) 15-64 years: 57.3% (male 1,825,473/female 1,809,810) 65 years and over: 4.8% (male 140,935/female 164,053) (2005 est.)
Peru 0-14 years: 31.5% (male 4,479,278/female 4,323,356) 15-64 years: 63.3% (male 8,891,785/female 8,776,343) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 685,179/female 769,687) (2005 est.)
Philippines 0-14 years: 35.4% (male 15,869,636/female 15,255,588) 15-64 years: 60.6% (male 26,503,785/female 26,722,511) 65 years and over: 4% (male 1,523,213/female 1,982,740) (2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Poland 0-14 years: 16.7% (male 3,319,176/female 3,150,859) 15-64 years: 70.3% (male 13,506,153/female 13,638,265) 65 years and over: 13% (male 1,912,431/female 3,108,260) (2005 est.)
Portugal 0-14 years: 16.6% (male 916,234/female 839,935) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 3,468,844/female 3,538,779) 65 years and over: 17.1% (male 744,787/female 1,057,633) (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico 0-14 years: 22% (male 441,594/female 421,986) 15-64 years: 65.5% (male 1,228,583/female 1,337,066) 65 years and over: 12.4% (male 211,283/female 276,120) (2005 est.)
Qatar 0-14 years: 23.7% (male 104,453/female 100,295) 15-64 years: 72.9% (male 437,118/female 191,830) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 21,599/female 7,756) (2005 est.)
Reunion 0-14 years: 30.4% (male 120,698/female 115,108) 15-64 years: 63.6% (male 243,668/female 250,143) 65 years and over: 6.1% (male 19,234/female 28,097) (2005 est.)
Romania 0-14 years: 15.9% (male 1,818,488/female 1,727,598) 15-64 years: 69.5% (male 7,726,903/female 7,801,441) 65 years and over: 14.6% (male 1,342,827/female 1,912,720) (2005 est.)
Russia 0-14 years: 14.6% (male 10,704,617/female 10,173,313) 15-64 years: 71.3% (male 49,429,716/female 52,799,740) 65 years and over: 14.2% (male 6,405,027/female 13,907,896) (2005 est.)
Rwanda 0-14 years: 41.9% (male 1,777,178/female 1,762,252) 15-64 years: 55.5% (male 2,328,686/female 2,356,572) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 87,155/female 128,977) (2005 est.)
Saint Helena 0-14 years: 18.8% (male 715/female 691) 15-64 years: 71.3% (male 2,745/female 2,575) 65 years and over: 9.8% (male 330/female 404) (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0-14 years: 28% (male 5,586/female 5,330) 15-64 years: 63.7% (male 12,424/female 12,403) 65 years and over: 8.3% (male 1,328/female 1,887) (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia 0-14 years: 30.3% (male 25,937/female 24,391) 15-64 years: 64.6% (male 52,813/female 54,544) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 3,172/female 5,455) (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0-14 years: 24% (male 861/female 825) 15-64 years: 65.3% (male 2,330/female 2,251) 65 years and over: 10.6% (male 335/female 410) (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0-14 years: 27.1% (male 16,208/female 15,621) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 40,287/female 37,883) 65 years and over: 6.4% (male 3,280/female 4,255) (2005 est.)
Samoa 0-14 years: 27.2% (male 24,517/female 23,660) 15-64 years: 66.4% (male 73,495/female 44,208) 65 years and over: 6.4% (male 5,204/female 6,203) (2005 est.)
San Marino 0-14 years: 16.7% (male 2,482/female 2,328) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 9,255/female 9,943) 65 years and over: 16.9% (male 2,106/female 2,766) (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 0-14 years: 47.6% (male 45,145/female 44,007) 15-64 years: 48.6% (male 43,996/female 47,011) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 3,333/female 3,918) (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia 0-14 years: 38.2% (male 5,149,960/female 4,952,138) 15-64 years: 59.4% (male 8,992,348/female 6,698,633) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 334,694/female 289,826) (2005 est.)
Senegal 0-14 years: 42.8% (male 2,404,461/female 2,360,167) 15-64 years: 54.1% (male 2,901,689/female 3,122,854) 65 years and over: 3% (male 161,173/female 176,488) (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 0-14 years: 18.1% (male 1,014,443/female 943,702) 15-64 years: 66.9% (male 3,610,646/female 3,632,365) 65 years and over: 15% (male 699,446/female 928,573) (2005 est.)
Seychelles 0-14 years: 26.4% (male 10,839/female 10,601) 15-64 years: 67.4% (male 26,709/female 28,025) 65 years and over: 6.2% (male 1,622/female 3,392) (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone 0-14 years: 44.7% (male 1,318,508/female 1,371,164) 15-64 years: 52% (male 1,494,068/female 1,637,276) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 93,047/female 103,580) (2005 est.)
Singapore 0-14 years: 16% (male 366,971/female 342,295) 15-64 years: 75.9% (male 1,639,842/female 1,719,829) 65 years and over: 8.1% (male 157,636/female 199,147) (2005 est.)
Slovakia 0-14 years: 17.1% (male 475,263/female 453,340) 15-64 years: 71% (male 1,919,222/female 1,939,097) 65 years and over: 11.9% (male 241,610/female 402,831) (2005 est.)
Slovenia 0-14 years: 14% (male 145,016/female 137,012) 15-64 years: 70.6% (male 715,629/female 704,079) 65 years and over: 15.4% (male 118,298/female 191,036) (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands 0-14 years: 41.9% (male 114,860/female 110,404) 15-64 years: 54.9% (male 149,400/female 145,970) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 8,371/female 9,027) (2005 est.)
Somalia 0-14 years: 44.5% (male 1,918,209/female 1,905,974) 15-64 years: 52.9% (male 2,278,406/female 2,263,602) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 96,256/female 129,182) (2005 est.)
South Africa 0-14 years: 30.3% (male 6,760,137/female 6,682,013) 15-64 years: 64.5% (male 13,860,727/female 14,750,496) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 893,360/female 1,397,403) (2005 est.)
Spain 0-14 years: 14.4% (male 2,994,124/female 2,815,456) 15-64 years: 68% (male 13,762,281/female 13,664,762) 65 years and over: 17.6% (male 2,965,859/female 4,138,980) (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka 0-14 years: 24.5% (male 2,508,384/female 2,397,986) 15-64 years: 68.4% (male 6,658,765/female 7,059,468) 65 years and over: 7.2% (male 670,813/female 769,360) (2005 est.)
Sudan 0-14 years: 43.2% (male 8,865,331/female 8,488,982) 15-64 years: 54.5% (male 10,952,566/female 10,930,218) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 513,679/female 436,710) (2005 est.)
Suriname 0-14 years: 29.6% (male 66,537/female 63,182) 15-64 years: 64.2% (male 144,285/female 136,942) 65 years and over: 6.2% (male 12,092/female 15,106) (2005 est.)
Svalbard 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Swaziland 0-14 years: 40.6% (male 240,643/female 235,895) 15-64 years: 55.6% (male 327,661/female 325,400) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 19,273/female 25,028) (2005 est.)
Sweden 0-14 years: 17.1% (male 791,215/female 747,621) 15-64 years: 65.5% (male 2,990,436/female 2,904,873) 65 years and over: 17.4% (male 677,161/female 890,468) (2005 est.)
Switzerland 0-14 years: 16.6% (male 643,497/female 597,565) 15-64 years: 68% (male 2,570,544/female 2,522,365) 65 years and over: 15.4% (male 472,769/female 682,630) (2005 est.)
Syria 0-14 years: 37.4% (male 3,556,795/female 3,350,267) 15-64 years: 59.3% (male 5,601,971/female 5,333,799) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 288,868/female 317,052) (2005 est.)
Taiwan 0-14 years: 19.7% (male 2,349,077/female 2,156,755) 15-64 years: 70.7% (male 8,205,933/female 7,980,056) 65 years and over: 9.6% (male 1,107,708/female 1,094,855) (2005 est.)
Tajikistan 0-14 years: 38.5% (male 1,390,220/female 1,368,268) 15-64 years: 56.7% (male 2,022,764/female 2,040,524) 65 years and over: 4.8% (male 150,372/female 191,358) (2005 est.)
Tanzania 0-14 years: 44% (male 8,100,216/female 8,074,171) 15-64 years: 53.4% (male 9,665,957/female 9,963,772) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 418,080/female 544,160) (2005 est.)
Thailand 0-14 years: 23.9% (male 7,988,529/female 7,633,405) 15-64 years: 68.6% (male 22,195,625/female 22,731,767) 65 years and over: 7.5% (male 2,251,112/female 2,643,933) (2005 est.)
Togo 0-14 years: 43.2% (male 1,232,759/female 1,224,060) 15-64 years: 54.2% (male 1,505,737/female 1,571,201) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 60,799/female 86,963) (2005 est.)
Tokelau 0-14 years: 42% 15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (2005 est.)
Tonga 0-14 years: 36.2% (male 20,738/female 19,907) 15-64 years: 59.7% (male 33,226/female 33,853) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,031/female 2,667) (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 0-14 years: 20.7% (male 115,594/female 109,665) 15-64 years: 71% (male 403,301/female 369,664) 65 years and over: 8.3% (male 40,638/female 49,782) (2005 est.)
Tunisia 0-14 years: 25.3% (male 1,316,308/female 1,234,309) 15-64 years: 68.1% (male 3,437,880/female 3,418,591) 65 years and over: 6.6% (male 321,287/female 346,576) (2005 est.)
Turkey 0-14 years: 26% (male 9,232,439/female 8,897,135) 15-64 years: 67.3% (male 23,806,367/female 23,053,536) 65 years and over: 6.7% (male 2,140,242/female 2,530,840) (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan 0-14 years: 35.7% (male 909,113/female 860,128) 15-64 years: 60.2% (male 1,462,198/female 1,516,836) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 78,119/female 125,687) (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 0-14 years: 32.5% (male 3,396/female 3,277) 15-64 years: 63.8% (male 6,900/female 6,220) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 342/female 421) (2005 est.)
Tuvalu 0-14 years: 30.8% (male 1,823/female 1,756) 15-64 years: 64.2% (male 3,620/female 3,847) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 229/female 361) (2005 est.)
Uganda 0-14 years: 50.1% (male 6,875,663/female 6,784,378) 15-64 years: 47.7% (male 6,511,867/female 6,494,859) 65 years and over: 2.2% (male 263,790/female 338,925) (2005 est.)
Ukraine 0-14 years: 15.6% (male 3,783,725/female 3,619,754) 15-64 years: 68.8% (male 15,619,989/female 16,992,628) 65 years and over: 15.6% (male 2,497,851/female 4,911,389) (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates 0-14 years: 25.3% (male 331,269; female 317,977) 15-64 years: 71.1% (male 1,115,826; female 707,058) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 66,404; female 24,678) (2005 est.)
United Kingdom 0-14 years: 17.7% (male 5,490,592/female 5,229,691) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 20,329,272/female 19,855,862) 65 years and over: 15.8% (male 4,063,357/female 5,472,683) (2005 est.)
United States 0-14 years: 20.6% (male 31,095,725/female 29,703,997) 15-64 years: 67% (male 98,914,382/female 99,324,126) 65 years and over: 12.4% (male 15,298,676/female 21,397,228) (2005 est.)
Uruguay 0-14 years: 23.2% (male 403,041/female 389,427) 15-64 years: 63.6% (male 1,076,960/female 1,095,833) 65 years and over: 13.2% (male 183,877/female 266,782) (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan 0-14 years: 33.5% (male 4,575,443/female 4,408,146) 15-64 years: 61.7% (male 8,201,993/female 8,371,933) 65 years and over: 4.8% (male 528,334/female 765,346) (2005 est.)
Vanuatu 0-14 years: 33.3% (male 35,039/female 33,553) 15-64 years: 63.1% (male 66,311/female 63,502) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 3,878/female 3,471) (2005 est.)
Venezuela 0-14 years: 29.9% (male 3,909,876/female 3,667,958) 15-64 years: 65% (male 8,287,255/female 8,209,599) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 590,236/female 710,357) (2005 est.)
Vietnam 0-14 years: 27.9% (male 12,065,777/female 11,212,299) 15-64 years: 66.4% (male 27,406,456/female 28,024,250) 65 years and over: 5.8% (male 1,889,585/female 2,937,209) (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands 0-14 years: 23.1% (male 12,676/female 12,421) 15-64 years: 66.2% (male 34,069/female 37,918) 65 years and over: 10.7% (male 5,125/female 6,499) (2005 est.)
Wallis and Futuna 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
West Bank 0-14 years: 43.4% (male 530,197/female 504,794) 15-64 years: 53.2% (male 649,610/female 619,335) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 34,803/female 46,876) (2005 est.)
Western Sahara 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
World 0-14 years: 27.8% (male 919,726,623; female 870,468,158) 15-64 years: 64.9% (male 2,117,230,183; female 2,066,864,970) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 207,903,775; female 263,627,270) note: some countries do not maintain age structure information, thus a slight discrepancy exists between the total world population and the total for world age structure (2005 est.)
Yemen 0-14 years: 46.5% (male 4,905,831/female 4,727,177) 15-64 years: 50.8% (male 5,364,711/female 5,172,811) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 274,166/female 282,367) (2005 est.)
Zambia 0-14 years: 46.5% (male 2,626,911/female 2,609,857) 15-64 years: 51.1% (male 2,848,402/female 2,904,376) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 118,043/female 154,206) (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe 0-14 years: 39.2% (male 2,522,609/female 2,474,131) 15-64 years: 57.1% (male 3,686,354/female 3,592,662) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 235,478/female 235,756) (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2011 Geographic coordinates
Afghanistan 33 00 N, 65 00 E
Akrotiri 34 37 N, 32 58 E
Albania 41 00 N, 20 00 E
Algeria 28 00 N, 3 00 E
American Samoa 14 20 S, 170 00 W
Andorra 42 30 N, 1 30 E
Angola 12 30 S, 18 30 E
Anguilla 18 15 N, 63 10 W
Antarctica 90 00 S, 0 00 E
Antigua and Barbuda 17 03 N, 61 48 W
Arctic Ocean 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Argentina 34 00 S, 64 00 W
Armenia 40 00 N, 45 00 E
Aruba 12 30 N, 69 58 W
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 12 14 S, 123 05 E
Atlantic Ocean 0 00 N, 25 00 W
Australia 27 00 S, 133 00 E
Austria 47 20 N, 13 20 E
Azerbaijan 40 30 N, 47 30 E
Bahamas, The 24 15 N, 76 00 W
Bahrain 26 00 N, 50 33 E
Baker Island 0 13 N, 176 31 W
Bangladesh 24 00 N, 90 00 E
Barbados 13 10 N, 59 32 W
Bassas da India 21 30 S, 39 50 E
Belarus 53 00 N, 28 00 E
Belgium 50 50 N, 4 00 E
Belize 17 15 N, 88 45 W
Benin 9 30 N, 2 15 E
Bermuda 32 20 N, 64 45 W
Bhutan 27 30 N, 90 30 E
Bolivia 17 00 S, 65 00 W
Bosnia and Herzegovina 44 00 N, 18 00 E
Botswana 22 00 S, 24 00 E
Bouvet Island 54 26 S, 3 24 E
Brazil 10 00 S, 55 00 W
British Indian Ocean Territory 6 00 S, 71 30 E
British Virgin Islands 18 30 N, 64 30 W
Brunei 4 30 N, 114 40 E
Bulgaria 43 00 N, 25 00 E
Burkina Faso 13 00 N, 2 00 W
Burma 22 00 N, 98 00 E
Burundi 3 30 S, 30 00 E
Cambodia 13 00 N, 105 00 E
Cameroon 6 00 N, 12 00 E
Canada 60 00 N, 95 00 W
Cape Verde 16 00 N, 24 00 W
Cayman Islands 19 30 N, 80 30 W
Central African Republic 7 00 N, 21 00 E
Chad 15 00 N, 19 00 E
Chile 30 00 S, 71 00 W
China 35 00 N, 105 00 E
Christmas Island 10 30 S, 105 40 E
Clipperton Island 10 17 N, 109 13 W
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 12 30 S, 96 50 E
Colombia 4 00 N, 72 00 W
Comoros 12 10 S, 44 15 E
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 00 N, 25 00 E
Congo, Republic of the 1 00 S, 15 00 E
Cook Islands 21 14 S, 159 46 W
Coral Sea Islands 18 00 S, 152 00 E
Costa Rica 10 00 N, 84 00 W
Cote d'Ivoire 8 00 N, 5 00 W
Croatia 45 10 N, 15 30 E
Cuba 21 30 N, 80 00 W
Cyprus 35 00 N, 33 00 E
Czech Republic 49 45 N, 15 30 E
Denmark 56 00 N, 10 00 E
Dhekelia 34 59 N, 33 45 E
Djibouti 11 30 N, 43 00 E
Dominica 15 25 N, 61 20 W
Dominican Republic 19 00 N, 70 40 W
East Timor 8 50 S, 125 55 E
Ecuador 2 00 S, 77 30 W
Egypt 27 00 N, 30 00 E
El Salvador 13 50 N, 88 55 W
Equatorial Guinea 2 00 N, 10 00 E
Eritrea 15 00 N, 39 00 E
Estonia 59 00 N, 26 00 E
Ethiopia 8 00 N, 38 00 E
Europa Island 22 20 S, 40 22 E
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 51 45 S, 59 00 W
Faroe Islands 62 00 N, 7 00 W
Fiji 18 00 S, 175 00 E
Finland 64 00 N, 26 00 E
France 46 00 N, 2 00 E
French Guiana 4 00 N, 53 00 W
French Polynesia 15 00 S, 140 00 W
French Southern and Antarctic Lands 43 00 S, 67 00 E
Gabon 1 00 S, 11 45 E
Gambia, The 13 28 N, 16 34 W
Gaza Strip 31 25 N, 34 20 E
Georgia 42 00 N, 43 30 E
Germany 51 00 N, 9 00 E
Ghana 8 00 N, 2 00 W
Gibraltar 36 8 N, 5 21 W
Glorioso Islands 11 30 S, 47 20 E
Greece 39 00 N, 22 00 E
Greenland 72 00 N, 40 00 W
Grenada 12 07 N, 61 40 W
Guadeloupe 16 15 N, 61 35 W
Guam 13 28 N, 144 47 E
Guatemala 15 30 N, 90 15 W
Guernsey 49 28 N, 2 35 W
Guinea 11 00 N, 10 00 W
Guinea-Bissau 12 00 N, 15 00 W
Guyana 5 00 N, 59 00 W
Haiti 19 00 N, 72 25 W
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 53 06 S, 72 31 E
Holy See (Vatican City) 41 54 N, 12 27 E
Honduras 15 00 N, 86 30 W
Hong Kong 22 15 N, 114 10 E
Howland Island 0 48 N, 176 38 W
Hungary 47 00 N, 20 00 E
Iceland 65 00 N, 18 00 W
India 20 00 N, 77 00 E
Indian Ocean 20 00 S, 80 00 E
Indonesia 5 00 S, 120 00 E
Iran 32 00 N, 53 00 E
Iraq 33 00 N, 44 00 E
Ireland 53 00 N, 8 00 W
Israel 31 30 N, 34 45 E
Italy 42 50 N, 12 50 E
Jamaica 18 15 N, 77 30 W
Jan Mayen 71 00 N, 8 00 W
Japan 36 00 N, 138 00 E
Jarvis Island 0 22 S, 160 03 W
Jersey 49 15 N, 2 10 W
Johnston Atoll 16 45 N, 169 31 W
Jordan 31 00 N, 36 00 E
Juan de Nova Island 17 03 S, 42 45 E
Kazakhstan 48 00 N, 68 00 E
Kenya 1 00 N, 38 00 E
Kingman Reef 6 24 N, 162 24 W
Kiribati 1 25 N, 173 00 E
Korea, North 40 00 N, 127 00 E
Korea, South 37 00 N, 127 30 E
Kuwait 29 30 N, 45 45 E
Kyrgyzstan 41 00 N, 75 00 E
Laos 18 00 N, 105 00 E
Latvia 57 00 N, 25 00 E
Lebanon 33 50 N, 35 50 E
Lesotho 29 30 S, 28 30 E
Liberia 6 30 N, 9 30 W
Libya 25 00 N, 17 00 E
Liechtenstein 47 16 N, 9 32 E
Lithuania 56 00 N, 24 00 E
Luxembourg 49 45 N, 6 10 E
Macau 22 10 N, 113 33 E
Macedonia 41 50 N, 22 00 E
Madagascar 20 00 S, 47 00 E
Malawi 13 30 S, 34 00 E
Malaysia 2 30 N, 112 30 E
Maldives 3 15 N, 73 00 E
Mali 17 00 N, 4 00 W
Malta 35 50 N, 14 35 E
Man, Isle of 54 15 N, 4 30 W
Marshall Islands 9 00 N, 168 00 E
Martinique 14 40 N, 61 00 W
Mauritania 20 00 N, 12 00 W
Mauritius 20 17 S, 57 33 E
Mayotte 12 50 S, 45 10 E
Mexico 23 00 N, 102 00 W
Micronesia, Federated States of 6 55 N, 158 15 E
Midway Islands 28 13 N, 177 22 W
Moldova 47 00 N, 29 00 E
Monaco 43 44 N, 7 24 E
Mongolia 46 00 N, 105 00 E
Montserrat 16 45 N, 62 12 W
Morocco 32 00 N, 5 00 W
Mozambique 18 15 S, 35 00 E
Namibia 22 00 S, 17 00 E
Nauru 0 32 S, 166 55 E
Navassa Island 18 25 N, 75 02 W
Nepal 28 00 N, 84 00 E
Netherlands 52 30 N, 5 45 E
Netherlands Antilles 12 15 N, 68 45 W
New Caledonia 21 30 S, 165 30 E
New Zealand 41 00 S, 174 00 E
Nicaragua 13 00 N, 85 00 W
Niger 16 00 N, 8 00 E
Nigeria 10 00 N, 8 00 E
Niue 19 02 S, 169 52 W
Norfolk Island 29 02 S, 167 57 E
Northern Mariana Islands 15 12 N, 145 45 E
Norway 62 00 N, 10 00 E
Oman 21 00 N, 57 00 E
Pacific Ocean 0 00 N, 160 00 W
Pakistan 30 00 N, 70 00 E
Palau 7 30 N, 134 30 E
Palmyra Atoll 5 52 N, 162 06 W
Panama 9 00 N, 80 00 W
Papua New Guinea 6 00 S, 147 00 E
Paracel Islands 16 30 N, 112 00 E
Paraguay 23 00 S, 58 00 W
Peru 10 00 S, 76 00 W
Philippines 13 00 N, 122 00 E
Pitcairn Islands 25 04 S, 130 06 W
Poland 52 00 N, 20 00 E
Portugal 39 30 N, 8 00 W
Puerto Rico 18 15 N, 66 30 W
Qatar 25 30 N, 51 15 E
Reunion 21 06 S, 55 36 E
Romania 46 00 N, 25 00 E
Russia 60 00 N, 100 00 E
Rwanda 2 00 S, 30 00 E
Saint Helena 15 56 S, 5 42 W
Saint Kitts and Nevis 17 20 N, 62 45 W
Saint Lucia 13 53 N, 60 68 W
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 46 50 N, 56 20 W
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13 15 N, 61 12 W
Samoa 13 35 S, 172 20 W
San Marino 43 46 N, 12 25 E
Sao Tome and Principe 1 00 N, 7 00 E
Saudi Arabia 25 00 N, 45 00 E
Senegal 14 00 N, 14 00 W
Serbia and Montenegro 44 00 N, 21 00 E
Seychelles 4 35 S, 55 40 E
Sierra Leone 8 30 N, 11 30 W
Singapore 1 22 N, 103 48 E
Slovakia 48 40 N, 19 30 E
Slovenia 46 07 N, 14 49 E
Solomon Islands 8 00 S, 159 00 E
Somalia 10 00 N, 49 00 E
South Africa 29 00 S, 24 00 E
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 54 30 S, 37 00 W
Southern Ocean 65 00 S, 0 00 E (nominally), but the Southern Ocean has the unique distinction of being a large circumpolar body of water totally encircling the continent of Antarctica; this ring of water lies between 60 degrees south latitude and the coast of Antarctica and encompasses 360 degrees of longitude
Spain 40 00 N, 4 00 W
Spratly Islands 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Sri Lanka 7 00 N, 81 00 E
Sudan 15 00 N, 30 00 E
Suriname 4 00 N, 56 00 W
Svalbard 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Swaziland 26 30 S, 31 30 E
Sweden 62 00 N, 15 00 E
Switzerland 47 00 N, 8 00 E
Syria 35 00 N, 38 00 E
Taiwan 23 30 N, 121 00 E
Tajikistan 39 00 N, 71 00 E
Tanzania 6 00 S, 35 00 E
Thailand 15 00 N, 100 00 E
Togo 8 00 N, 1 10 E
Tokelau 9 00 S, 172 00 W
Tonga 20 00 S, 175 00 W
Trinidad and Tobago 11 00 N, 61 00 W
Tromelin Island 15 52 S, 54 25 E
Tunisia 34 00 N, 9 00 E
Turkey 39 00 N, 35 00 E
Turkmenistan 40 00 N, 60 00 E
Turks and Caicos Islands 21 45 N, 71 35 W
Tuvalu 8 00 S, 178 00 E
Uganda 1 00 N, 32 00 E
Ukraine 49 00 N, 32 00 E
United Arab Emirates 24 00 N, 54 00 E
United Kingdom 54 00 N, 2 00 W
United States 38 00 N, 97 00 W
Uruguay 33 00 S, 56 00 W
Uzbekistan 41 00 N, 64 00 E
Vanuatu 16 00 S, 167 00 E
Venezuela 8 00 N, 66 00 W
Vietnam 16 00 N, 106 00 E
Virgin Islands 18 20 N, 64 50 W
Wake Island 19 17 N, 166 36 E
Wallis and Futuna 13 18 S, 176 12 W
West Bank 32 00 N, 35 15 E
Western Sahara 24 30 N, 13 00 W
Yemen 15 00 N, 48 00 E
Zambia 15 00 S, 30 00 E
Zimbabwe 20 00 S, 30 00 E
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2012 GDP - composition by sector (%)
Afghanistan agriculture: 60% industry: 20% services: 20% (1990 est.)
Albania agriculture: 46.2% industry: 25.4% services: 28.4% (2004 est.)
Algeria agriculture: 10.3% industry: 57.4% services: 32.3% (2004 est.)
American Samoa agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Andorra agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Angola agriculture: 8% industry: 67% services: 25% (2001 est.)
Anguilla agriculture: 4% industry: 18% services: 78% (2002 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda agriculture: 3.9% industry: 19.2% services: 76.8% (2002)
Argentina agriculture: 10.6% industry: 35.9% services: 53.5% (2004 est.)
Armenia agriculture: 22.9% industry: 36.1% services: 41.1% (2004 est.)
Aruba agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Australia agriculture: 3.4% industry: 28.2% services: 68.4% (2004 est.)
Austria agriculture: 2.3% industry: 30.8% services: 66.9% (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan agriculture: 14.1% industry: 45.7% services: 40.2% (2002 est.)
Bahamas, The agriculture: 3% industry: 7% services: 90% (2001 est.)
Bahrain agriculture: 0.7% industry: 41% services: 58.4% (2004 est.)
Bangladesh agriculture: 21.2% industry: 27.1% services: 51.7% (2004 est.)
Barbados agriculture: 6% industry: 16% services: 78% (2000 est.)
Belarus agriculture: 11% industry: 36.4% services: 52.6% (2004 est.)
Belgium agriculture: 1.3% industry: 25.7% services: 73% (2004 est.)
Belize agriculture: 17.7% industry: 15% services: 67.3% (2003 est.)
Benin agriculture: 36.3% industry: 14.3% services: 49.4% (2004 est.)
Bermuda agriculture: 1% industry: 10% services: 89% (2002 est.)
Bhutan agriculture: 45% industry: 10% services: 45% (2002 est.)
Bolivia agriculture: 13% industry: 28% services: 59% (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina agriculture: 14.2% industry: 30.8% services: 55% (2002)
Botswana agriculture: 4% industry: 44% (including 36% mining) services: 52% (2003 est.)
Brazil agriculture: 10.1% industry: 38.6% services: 51.3% (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands agriculture: 1.8% industry: 6.2% services: 92% (1996 est.)
Brunei agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)
Bulgaria agriculture: 11.5% industry: 30.1% services: 58.4% (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso agriculture: 39.5% industry: 19.3% services: 41.3% (2004 est.)
Burma agriculture: 56.6% industry: 8.8% services: 34.5% (2004 est.)
Burundi agriculture: 48.1% industry: 19% services: 32.9% (2004 est.)
Cambodia agriculture: 35% industry: 30% services: 35% (2004 est.)
Cameroon agriculture: 43.7% industry: 20.1% services: 36.2% (2004 est.)
Canada agriculture: 2.3% industry: 26.4% services: 71.3% (2004 est.)
Cape Verde agriculture: 12.1% industry: 21.9% services: 66% (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands agriculture: 1.4% industry: 3.2% services: 95.4% (1994 est.)
Central African Republic agriculture: 55% industry: 20% services: 25% (2001 est.)
Chad agriculture: 22.6% industry: 35.6% services: 41.7% (2004 est.)
Chile agriculture: 6.3% industry: 38.2% services: 55.5% (2004 est.)
China agriculture: 13.8% industry and construction: 52.9% services: 33.3% (2004 est.)
Christmas Island agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Colombia agriculture: 13.4% industry: 32.1% services: 54.5% (2004 est.)
Comoros agriculture: 40% industry: 4% services: 56% (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the agriculture: 55% industry: 11% services: 34% (2000 est.)
Congo, Republic of the agriculture: 7.4% industry: 52% services: 40.6% (2004 est.)
Cook Islands agriculture: 17% industry: 7.8% services: 75.2% (2000 est.)
Costa Rica agriculture: 8.5% industry: 29.7% services: 61.8% (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire agriculture: 27.8% industry: 19.4% services: 52.8% (2004 est.)
Croatia agriculture: 8.2% industry: 30.1% services: 61.7% (2004 est.)
Cuba agriculture: 6.6% industry: 25.5% services: 67.9% (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: agriculture 4.1%; industry 19.9%; services 76% north Cyprus: agriculture 10.6%; industry 20.5%; services 68.9% (2004)
Czech Republic agriculture: 3.4% industry: 39.3% services: 57.3% (2004 est.)
Denmark agriculture: 2.2% industry: 25.5% services: 72.3% (2004 est.)
Djibouti agriculture: 3.5% industry: 15.8% services: 80.7% (2001 est.)
Dominica agriculture: 18% industry: 24% services: 58% (2002 est.)
Dominican Republic agriculture: 10.7% industry: 31.5% services: 57.8% (2003)
East Timor agriculture: 25.4% industry: 17.2% services: 57.4% (2001)
Ecuador agriculture: 8.7% industry: 30.5% services: 60.9% (2004 est.)
Egypt agriculture: 17.2% industry: 33% services: 49.8% (2004 est.)
El Salvador agriculture: 9.2% industry: 31.1% services: 59.7% (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea agriculture: 3% industry: 95.7% services: 1.3% (2004 est.)
Eritrea agriculture: 12.4% industry: 25.9% services: 61.7% (2004 est.)
Estonia agriculture: 4.1% industry: 28.9% services: 67% (2004 est.)
Ethiopia agriculture: 47% industry: 12.4% services: 40.6% (2004 est.)
European Union agriculture: 2.2% industry: 28.3% services: 69.4% (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Faroe Islands agriculture: 27% industry: 11% services: 62% (1999)
Fiji agriculture: 16.6% industry: 22.4% services: 61% (2001 est.)
Finland agriculture: 3.3% industry: 30.2% services: 66.5% (2004 est.)
France agriculture: 2.7% industry: 24.3% services: 73% (2004 est.)
French Guiana agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% (2001 est.)
French Polynesia agriculture: 4% industry: 18% services: 78% (2002)
Gabon agriculture: 7.4% industry: 46.7% services: 45.9% (2004 est.)
Gambia, The agriculture: 26.8% industry: 14.5% services: 58.7% (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip agriculture: 9% industry: 28% services: 63% (includes West Bank) (2002 est.)
Georgia agriculture: 20.5% industry: 22.6% services: 56.9% (2004 est.)
Germany agriculture: 1% industry: 31% services: 68% (2002 est.)
Ghana agriculture: 34.3% industry: 24.2% services: 41.4% (2004 est.)
Gibraltar agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% (2002 est.)
Greece agriculture: 7% industry: 22% services: 71% (2004 est.)
Greenland agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Grenada agriculture: 7.7% industry: 23.9% services: 68.4% (2000)
Guadeloupe agriculture: 15% industry: 17% services: 68% (1997 est.)
Guam agriculture: 7% industry: 15% services: 78% (2002 est.)
Guatemala agriculture: 22.7% industry: 19.5% services: 57.9% (2004 est.)
Guernsey agriculture: 3% industry: 10% services: 87% (2000)
Guinea agriculture: 25% industry: 38.2% services: 36.8% (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau agriculture: 62% industry: 12% services: 26% (1999 est.)
Guyana agriculture: 38.3% industry: 19.9% services: 41.8% (2004 est.)
Haiti agriculture: 30% industry: 20% services: 50% (2001 est.)
Honduras agriculture: 12.7% industry: 32.1% services: 55.3% (2004 est.)
Hong Kong agriculture: 0.1% industry: 11.3% services: 88.6% (2004 est.)
Hungary agriculture: 3.3% industry: 31.4% services: 65.3% (2004 est.)
Iceland agriculture: 11.2% industry: 9.6% services: 79.2% (2004 est.)
India agriculture: 23.6% industry: 28.4% services: 48% (2002 est.)
Indonesia agriculture: 14.6% industry: 45% services: 40.4% (2004 est.)
Iran agriculture: 11.2% industry: 40.9% services: 48.7% (2004 est.)
Iraq agriculture: 13.6% industry: 58.6% services: 27.8% (2004 est.)
Ireland agriculture: 5% industry: 46% services: 49% (2002 est.)
Israel agriculture: 2.8% industry: 37.7% services: 59.5% (2003 est.)
Italy agriculture: 2.3% industry: 28.8% services: 68.9% (2004 est.)
Jamaica agriculture: 6.1% industry: 32.7% services: 61.3% (2004 est.)
Japan agriculture: 1.3% industry: 24.7% services: 74.1% (2004 est.)
Jersey agriculture: 5% industry: 2% services: 93% (1996)
Jordan agriculture: 2.4% industry: 26% services: 71.5% (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan agriculture: 7.4% industry: 37.8% services: 54.8% (2004 est.)
Kenya agriculture: 19.3% industry: 18.5% services: 62.4% (2004 est.)
Kiribati agriculture: 30% industry: 7% services: 63% (1998 est.)
Korea, North agriculture: 30.2% industry: 33.8% services: 36% (2002 est.)
Korea, South agriculture: 3.2% industry: 40.4% services: 56.3% (2004 est.)
Kuwait agriculture: 0.4% industry: 60.5% services: 39.1% (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan agriculture: 38.5% industry: 22.8% services: 38.7% (2004 est.)
Laos agriculture: 49.5% industry: 27.5% services: 23% (2004 est.)
Latvia agriculture: 4.4% industry: 24.8% services: 70.8% (2004 est.)
Lebanon agriculture: 12% industry: 21% services: 67% (2000)
Lesotho agriculture: 15.2% industry: 43.9% services: 40.9% (2004 est.)
Liberia agriculture: 76.9% industry: 5.4% services: 17.7% (2002 est.)
Libya agriculture: 8.7% industry: 45.7% services: 45.6% (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein agriculture: NA% industry: 40% services: NA% (1999)
Lithuania agriculture: 6.1% industry: 33.4% services: 60.5% (2004 est.)
Luxembourg agriculture: 0.5% industry: 16.3% services: 83.1% (2004 est.)
Macau agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7.2% services: 92.7% (2002 est.)
Macedonia agriculture: 11.2% industry: 26% services: 62.8% (2004 est.)
Madagascar agriculture: 29.3% industry: 16.7% services: 54% (2004 est.)
Malawi agriculture: 54.8% industry: 19.2% services: 26% (2004 est.)
Malaysia agriculture: 7.2% industry: 33.6% services: 59.1% (2004 est.)
Maldives agriculture: 20% industry: 18% services: 62% (2000 est.)
Mali agriculture: 45% industry: 17% services: 38% (2001 est.)
Malta agriculture: 3% industry: 23% services: 74% (2003 est.)
Man, Isle of agriculture: 1% industry: 13% services: 86% (2000 est.)
Marshall Islands agriculture: 14% industry: 16% services: 70% (2000 est.)
Martinique agriculture: 6% industry: 11% services: 83% (1997 est.)
Mauritania agriculture: 25% industry: 29% services: 46% (2001 est.)
Mauritius agriculture: 7.6% industry: 30% services: 62.4% (2004 est.)
Mayotte agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Mexico agriculture: 4% industry: 27.2% services: 68.9% (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of agriculture: 50% industry: 4% services: 46% (2000 est.)
Moldova agriculture: 22.4% industry: 24.8% services: 52.8% (2004 est.)
Monaco agriculture: 17% industry: NA% services: NA% (2001 est.)
Mongolia agriculture: 20.6% industry: 21.4% services: 58% (2003 est.)
Montserrat agriculture: 5.4% industry: 13.6% services: 81% (1996 est.)
Morocco agriculture: 21.2% industry: 35.8% services: 43% (2004 est.)
Mozambique agriculture: 21.1% industry: 32.1% services: 46.9% (2004 est.)
Namibia agriculture: 11.3% industry: 30.8% services: 57.9% (2004 est.)
Nauru agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
Nepal agriculture: 40% industry: 20% services: 40% (2002 est.)
Netherlands agriculture: 2.4% industry: 24.5% services: 73.1% (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles agriculture: 1% industry: 15% services: 84% (2000 est.)
New Caledonia agriculture: 5% industry: 30% services: 65% (1997 est.)
New Zealand agriculture: 4.6% industry: 27.4% services: 68% (2004 est.)
Nicaragua agriculture: 20.7% industry: 24.7% services: 54.6% (2004 est.)
Niger agriculture: 39% industry: 17% services: 44% (2001)
Nigeria agriculture: 36.3% industry: 30.5% services: 33.3% (2004 est.)
Niue agriculture: NA industry: NA services: 55%
Norfolk Island agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
Northern Mariana Islands agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
Norway agriculture: 2.2% industry: 36.3% services: 61.6% (2004 est.)
Oman agriculture: 3.1% industry: 41.1% services: 55.8% (2004 est.)
Pakistan agriculture: 22.6% industry: 24.1% services: 53.3% (2004 est.)
Palau agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
Panama agriculture: 7.2% industry: 13% services: 79.8% (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea agriculture: 34.5% industry: 34.7% services: 30.8% (2004 est.)
Paraguay agriculture: 25.3% industry: 24.9% services: 49.8% (2004 est.)
Peru agriculture: 8% industry: 27% services: 65% (2003 est.)
Philippines agriculture: 14.8% industry: 31.9% services: 53.2% (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Poland agriculture: 2.9% industry: 31.3% services: 65.9% (2004 est.)
Portugal agriculture: 5.9% industry: 30.2% services: 63.9% (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico agriculture: 1% industry: 45% services: 54% (2002 est.)
Qatar agriculture: 0.3% industry: 58.2% services: 41.5% (2004 est.)
Reunion agriculture: 8% industry: 19% services: 73% (2000 est.)
Romania agriculture: 13.1% industry: 33.7% services: 53.2% (2004 est.)
Russia agriculture: 4.9% industry: 33.9% services: 61.2% (2004 est.)
Rwanda agriculture: 41.1% industry: 21.2% services: 37.7% (2004 est.)
Saint Helena agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis agriculture: 3.5% industry: 25.8% services: 70.7% (2001)
Saint Lucia agriculture: 7% industry: 20% services: 73% (2002 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines agriculture: 10% industry: 26% services: 64% (2001 est.)
Samoa agriculture: 14% industry: 23% services: 63% (2001 est.)
San Marino agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Sao Tome and Principe agriculture: 16.5% industry: 15.4% services: 68.1% (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia agriculture: 4.2% industry: 67.2% services: 28.6% (2004 est.)
Senegal agriculture: 15.9% industry: 21.4% services: 62.7% (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro agriculture: 15.5% industry: 27.6% services: 56.8% (2004 est.)
Seychelles agriculture: 2.8% industry: 28.7% services: 68.9% (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone agriculture: 49% industry: 30% services: 21% (2001 est.)
Singapore agriculture: 0% negligible industry: 32.6% services: 67.4% (2004 est.)
Slovakia agriculture: 3.5% industry: 30.1% services: 66.4% (2004 est.)
Slovenia agriculture: 3% industry: 36% services: 60% (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands agriculture: 42% industry: 11% services: 47% (2000 est.)
Somalia agriculture: 65% industry: 10% services: 25% (2000 est.)
South Africa agriculture: 3.6% industry: 31.2% services: 65.2% (2004 est.)
Spain agriculture: 3.5% industry: 28.5% services: 68% (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka agriculture: 19.1% industry: 26.2% services: 54.7% (2004 est.)
Sudan agriculture: 38.7% industry: 20.3% services: 41% (2003 est.)
Suriname agriculture: 13% industry: 22% services: 65% (2001 est.)
Swaziland agriculture: 16.1% industry: 43.4% services: 40.5% (2004 est.)
Sweden agriculture: 2% industry: 29% services: 69% (2001)
Switzerland agriculture: 1.5% industry: 34% services: 64.5% (2003 est.)
Syria agriculture: 25% industry: 31% services: 44% (2003 est.)
Taiwan agriculture: 1.7% industry: 30.9% services: 67.4% (2004 est.)
Tajikistan agriculture: 23.7% industry: 24.3% services: 52% (2004 est.)
Tanzania agriculture: 43.2% industry: 17.2% services: 39.6% (2004 est.)
Thailand agriculture: 9% industry: 44.3% services: 46.7% (2004 est.)
Togo agriculture: 39.5% industry: 20.4% services: 40.1% (2003 est.)
Tokelau agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Tonga agriculture: 23% industry: 13% services: 64% (2002 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago agriculture: 2.7% industry: 47% services: 50.3% (2004 est.)
Tunisia agriculture: 13.8% industry: 31.8% services: 54.4% (2004 est.)
Turkey agriculture: 11.7% industry: 29.8% services: 58.5% (2003 est.)
Turkmenistan agriculture: 28.5% industry: 42.7% services: 28.8% (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Tuvalu agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Uganda agriculture: 35.8% industry: 20.8% services: 43.6% (2004 est.)
Ukraine agriculture: 18% industry: 45.1% services: 36.9% (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates agriculture: 4% industry: 58.5% services: 37.5% (2002 est.)
United Kingdom agriculture: 1% industry: 26.3% services: 72.7% (2004 est.)
United States agriculture: 0.9% industry: 19.7% services: 79.4% (2004 est.)
Uruguay agriculture: 7.9% industry: 27.4% services: 64.8% (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan agriculture: 38% industry: 26.3% services: 35.7% (2003 est.)
Vanuatu agriculture: 26% industry: 12% services: 62% (2000 est.)
Venezuela agriculture: 0.1% industry: 46.5% services: 53.4% (2004 est.)
Vietnam agriculture: 21.8% industry: 40.1% services: 38.1% (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands agriculture: 1% industry: 19% services: 80% (2003 est.)
Wallis and Futuna agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
West Bank agriculture: 9% industry: 28% services: 63% note: includes Gaza Strip (2002 est.)
Western Sahara agriculture: NA industry: NA services: 40% (1996 est.)
World agriculture: 4% industry: 32% services: 64% (2004 est.)
Yemen agriculture: 15.5% industry: 44.7% services: 39.7% (2004 est.)
Zambia agriculture: 14.9% industry: 28.9% services: 56.1% (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe agriculture: 18.1% industry: 24.3% services: 57.7% (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2013 Radio broadcast stations
Afghanistan AM 21, FM 23, shortwave 1 (broadcasts in Pashtu, Afghan Persian (Dari), Urdu, and English) (2003)
Albania AM 13, FM 4, shortwave 2 (2001)
Algeria AM 25, FM 1, shortwave 8 (1999)
American Samoa AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004)
Andorra AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
Angola AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2000)
Anguilla AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2004)
Antarctica AM NA, FM 2, shortwave 1 note: information for US bases only (2002)
Antigua and Barbuda AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Argentina AM 260 (including 10 inactive stations), FM NA (probably more than 1,000, mostly unlicensed), shortwave 6 (1998)
Armenia AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)
Aruba AM 2, FM 16, shortwave 0 (2004)
Australia AM 262, FM 345, shortwave 1 (1998)
Austria AM 2, FM 65 (plus several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (2001)
Azerbaijan AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 1 (1998)
Bahamas, The AM 3, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2004)
Bahrain AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Bangladesh AM 12, FM 12, shortwave 2 (1999)
Barbados AM 2, FM 6, shortwave 0 (2004)
Belarus AM 28, FM 37, shortwave 11 (1998)
Belgium FM 79, AM 7, shortwave 1 (1998)
Belize AM 1, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Benin AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (2000)
Bermuda AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2004)
Bhutan AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 1 (2004)
Bolivia AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999)
Bosnia and Herzegovina AM 8, FM 16, shortwave 1 (1998)
Botswana AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)
Brazil AM 1,365, FM 296, shortwave 161 (of which 91 are collocated with AM stations) (1999)
British Indian Ocean Territory AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
British Virgin Islands AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2004)
Brunei AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Bulgaria AM 31, FM 63, shortwave 2 (2001)
Burkina Faso AM 3, FM 17, shortwave 3 (2002)
Burma AM 1, FM 1 (2004)
Burundi AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Cambodia AM 2, FM 17, (2003)
Cameroon AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2002)
Canada AM 245, FM 582, shortwave 6 (2004)
Cape Verde AM 0, FM 22 (and 12 low power repeaters), shortwave 0 (2002)
Cayman Islands AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (2004)
Central African Republic AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002)
Chad AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 5 (2002)
Chile AM 180 (eight inactive), FM 64, shortwave 17 (one inactive) (1998)
China AM 369, FM 259, shortwave 45 (1998)
Christmas Island AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2004)
Colombia AM 454, FM 34, shortwave 27 (1999)
Comoros AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the AM 3, FM 11, shortwave 2 (2001)
Congo, Republic of the AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 3 (2001)
Cook Islands AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Costa Rica AM 65, FM 51, shortwave 19 (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (1998)
Croatia AM 16, FM 98, shortwave 5 (1999)
Cuba AM 169, FM 55, shortwave 1 (1998)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: AM 7, FM 60, shortwave 1 (1998); north Cyprus: AM 3, FM 11, shortwave 1 (1998)
Czech Republic AM 31, FM 304, shortwave 17 (2000)
Denmark AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998)
Djibouti AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)
Dominica AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0 (2004)
Dominican Republic AM 120, FM 56, shortwave 4 (1998)
East Timor AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
Ecuador AM 392, FM 35, shortwave 29 (2001)
Egypt AM 42 (plus 15 repeaters), FM 14, shortwave 3 (1999)
El Salvador AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998)
Equatorial Guinea AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 5 (2002)
Eritrea AM 2, FM NA, shortwave 2 (2000)
Estonia AM 0, FM 98, shortwave 0 (2001)
Ethiopia AM 8, FM 0, shortwave 1 (2001)
European Union AM 866, FM 13,396, shortwave 73 (1998); note - sum of individual country radio broadcast stations; there is also a European-wide station (Euroradio)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Faroe Islands AM 1, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998)
Fiji AM 13, FM 40, shortwave 0 (1998)
Finland AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)
France AM 41, FM about 3,500 (this figure is an approximation and includes many repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
French Guiana AM 2, FM 14 (including 6 repeaters), shortwave 6 (including 5 repeaters) (1998)
French Polynesia AM 2, FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998)
Gabon AM 6, FM 7 (and 11 repeaters), shortwave 4 (2001)
Gambia, The AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)
Gaza Strip AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Georgia AM 7, FM 12, shortwave 4 (1998)
Germany AM 51, FM 787, shortwave 4 (1998)
Ghana AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001)
Gibraltar AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Greece AM 26, FM 88, shortwave 4 (1998)
Greenland AM 5, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Grenada AM 2, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998)
Guadeloupe AM 1, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998)
Guam AM 4, FM 7, shortwave 2 (2003)
Guatemala AM 130, FM 487, shortwave 15 (2000)
Guernsey AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Guinea AM 4 (one station is inactive), FM 1 (plus 7 repeaters), shortwave 3 (2001)
Guinea-Bissau AM 1 (transmitter out of service), FM 4, shortwave 0 (2002)
Guyana AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)
Haiti AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999)
Holy See (Vatican City) AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998)
Honduras AM 241, FM 53, shortwave 12 (1998)
Hong Kong AM 5, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2004)
Hungary AM 17, FM 57, shortwave 3 (1998)
Iceland AM 3, FM about 70 (including repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)
India AM 153, FM 91, shortwave 68 (1998)
Indonesia AM 678, FM 43, shortwave 82 (1998)
Iran AM 72, FM 5, shortwave 5 (1998)
Iraq after 17 months of unregulated media growth, there are approximately 80 radio stations on the air inside Iraq (2004)
Ireland AM 9, FM 106, shortwave 0 (1998)
Israel AM 23, FM 15, shortwave 2 (1998)
Italy AM about 100, FM about 4,600, shortwave 9 (1998)
Jamaica AM 10, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998)
Jan Mayen AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA note: there is one radio and meteorological station (1998)
Japan AM 215 plus 370 repeaters, FM 89 plus 485 repeaters, shortwave 21 (2001)
Jersey AM NA, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Jordan AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1999)
Kazakhstan AM 60, FM 17, shortwave 9 (1998)
Kenya AM 24, FM 18, shortwave 6 (2001)
Kiribati AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 note: the shortwave station may be inactive (2002)
Korea, North AM 17 (including 11 stations of Korean Central Broadcasting Station), FM 14, shortwave 14 (2003)
Korea, South AM 58, FM 150, shortwave 2 (2004)
Kuwait AM 6, FM 11, shortwave 1 (1998)
Kyrgyzstan AM 12 (plus 10 repeater stations), FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998)
Laos AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 4 (1998)
Latvia AM 8, FM 56, shortwave 1 (1998)
Lebanon AM 20, FM 22, shortwave 4 (1998)
Lesotho AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998)
Liberia AM 0, FM 7, shortwave 2 (2001)
Libya AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2002)
Liechtenstein AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Lithuania AM 29, FM 142, shortwave 1 (2001)
Luxembourg AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999)
Macau AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Macedonia AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998)
Madagascar AM 2 (plus a number of repeater stations), FM 9, shortwave 6 (2001)
Malawi AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third station held in standby status) (2001)
Malaysia AM 35, FM 391, shortwave 15 (2001)
Maldives AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Mali AM 1, FM 28, shortwave 1 note: the shortwave station in Bamako has seven frequencies and five transmitters and relays broadcasts for China Radio International (2001)
Malta AM 1, FM 18, shortwave 6 (1999)
Man, Isle of AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Marshall Islands AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 note: additionally, the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Services (Central Pacific Network) operate one FM and one AM station on Kwajalein (2002)
Martinique AM 0, FM 14, shortwave 0 (1998)
Mauritania AM 1, FM 14, shortwave 1 (2001)
Mauritius AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2002)
Mayotte AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2001)
Mexico AM 850, FM 545, shortwave 15 (2003)
Micronesia, Federated States of AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Moldova AM 7, FM 50, shortwave 3 (1998)
Monaco AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Mongolia AM 7, FM 62, shortwave 3 (2004)
Montserrat AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Morocco AM 27, FM 25, shortwave 6 (1998)
Mozambique AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001)
Namibia AM 2, FM 39, shortwave 4 (2001)
Nauru AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Nepal AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (January 2000)
Netherlands AM 4, FM 246, shortwave 3 (2004)
Netherlands Antilles AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 0 (2004)
New Caledonia AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
New Zealand AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998)
Nicaragua AM 63, FM 32, shortwave 1 (1998)
Niger AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4 (2001)
Nigeria AM 83, FM 36, shortwave 11 (2001)
Niue AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Norfolk Island AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005)
Northern Mariana Islands AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)
Norway AM 5, FM at least 650, shortwave 1 (1998)
Oman AM 3, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999)
Pakistan AM 27, FM 1, shortwave 21 (1998)
Palau AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2002)
Panama AM 101, FM 134, shortwave 0 (1998)
Papua New Guinea AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 28 (1998)
Paraguay AM 46, FM 27, shortwave 6 (three inactive) (1998)
Peru AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)
Philippines AM 369, FM 583, shortwave 5 note: each shortwave station operates on multiple frequencies in the language of the target audience (2004)
Pitcairn Islands AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0, note - 15 Ham radio operators (VP6) (2004)
Poland AM 14, FM 777, shortwave 1 (1998)
Portugal AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
Puerto Rico AM 72, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998)
Qatar AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Reunion AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)
Romania AM 40, FM 202, shortwave 3 (1998)
Russia AM 420, FM 447, shortwave 56 (1998)
Rwanda AM 0, FM 8 (two main FM programs are broadcast through a system of repeaters, three international FM programs include the BBC, VOA, and Deutchewelle), shortwave 1 (2005)
Saint Helena AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Saint Kitts and Nevis AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2004)
Saint Lucia AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2004)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0 (2004)
Samoa AM 2, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2004)
San Marino AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Sao Tome and Principe AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002)
Saudi Arabia AM 43, FM 31, shortwave 2 (1998)
Senegal AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)
Serbia and Montenegro AM 113, FM 194, shortwave 2 (1998)
Seychelles AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998)
Sierra Leone AM 1, FM 9, shortwave 1 (1999)
Singapore AM 0, FM 17, shortwave 2 (2003)
Slovakia AM 15, FM 78, shortwave 2 (1998)
Slovenia AM 17, FM 160, shortwave 0 (1998)
Solomon Islands AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (2004)
Somalia AM 0, FM 11, shortwave 1 in Mogadishu; 1 FM in Puntland, 1 FM in Somaliland (2001)
South Africa AM 14, FM 347 (plus 243 repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0 (2003)
Spain AM 208, FM 715, shortwave 1 (1998)
Sri Lanka AM 26, FM 45, shortwave 1 (1998)
Sudan AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Suriname AM 4, FM 13, shortwave 1 (1998)
Svalbard AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Swaziland AM 3, FM 2 plus 4 repeaters, shortwave 3 (2004)
Sweden AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998)
Switzerland AM 4, FM 113 (plus many low power stations), shortwave 2 (1998)
Syria AM 14, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998)
Taiwan AM 218, FM 333, shortwave 50 (1999)
Tajikistan AM 8, FM 10, shortwave 2 (2002)
Tanzania AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998)
Thailand AM 204, FM 334, shortwave 6 (1999)
Togo AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Tokelau AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA note: 1 radio station provides service to all islands (2002)
Tonga AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago AM 4, FM 18, shortwave 0 (2004)
Tunisia AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998)
Turkey AM 16, FM 107, shortwave 6 (2001)
Turkmenistan AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 2 (1998)
Turks and Caicos Islands AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2004)
Tuvalu AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Uganda AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001)
Ukraine AM 134, FM 289, shortwave 4 (1998)
United Arab Emirates AM 13, FM 8, shortwave 2 (2004)
United Kingdom AM 219, FM 431, shortwave 3 (1998)
United States AM 4,854, FM 8,950, shortwave 18 (2004)
Uruguay AM 91, FM 149, shortwave 7 (2001)
Uzbekistan AM 20, FM 7, shortwave 10 (1998)
Vanuatu AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004)
Venezuela AM 201, FM NA (20 in Caracas), shortwave 11 (1998)
Vietnam AM 65, FM 7, shortwave 29 (1999)
Virgin Islands AM 6, FM 17, shortwave 0 (2004)
Wake Island AM 0, FM NA, shortwave NA note: Armed Forces Radio/Television Service (AFRTS) radio service provided by satellite (1998)
Wallis and Futuna AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (2000)
West Bank AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 note: the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts from an AM station in Ramallah on 675 kHz; numerous local, private stations are reported to be in operation (2000)
Western Sahara AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
World AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
Yemen AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998)
Zambia AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (2001)
Zimbabwe AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2015 Television broadcast stations
Afghanistan at least 10 (one government-run central television station in Kabul and regional stations in nine of the 32 provinces; the regional stations operate on a reduced schedule; also, in 1997, there was a station in Mazar-e Sharif reaching four northern Afghanistan provinces) (1998)
Albania 3 (plus 58 repeaters) (2001)
Algeria 46 (plus 216 repeaters) (1995)
American Samoa 1; note - one cable TV station (2004)
Andorra 0 (1997)
Angola 6 (2000)
Anguilla 1 (1997)
Antarctica 1 (cable system with six channels; American Forces Antarctic Network-McMurdo) note: information for US bases only (2002)
Antigua and Barbuda 2 (1997)
Argentina 42 (plus 444 repeaters) (1997)
Armenia 3 (plus an unknown number of repeaters); (1998)
Aruba 1 (1997)
Australia 104 (1997)
Austria 10 (plus more than 1,000 repeaters) (2001)
Azerbaijan 2 (1997)
Bahamas, The 2 (2004)
Bahrain 4 (1997)
Bangladesh 15 (1999)
Barbados 1 (plus two cable channels) (2004)
Belarus 47 (plus 27 repeaters) (1995)
Belgium 25 (plus 10 repeaters) (1997)
Belize 2 (1997)
Benin 1 (2001)
Bermuda 4 (2004)
Bhutan 1 (2005)
Bolivia 48 (1997)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 33 (plus 277 repeaters) (September 1995)
Botswana 1 (2001)
Brazil 138 (1997)
British Indian Ocean Territory 1 (1997)
British Virgin Islands 1 (plus one cable company) (1997)
Brunei 2 (1997)
Bulgaria 39 (plus 1,242 repeaters) (2001)
Burkina Faso 1 (2002)
Burma 2 (2004)
Burundi 1 (2001)
Cambodia 7 (2003)
Cameroon 1 (2002)
Canada 80 (plus many repeaters) (1997)
Cape Verde 1 (and 7 repeaters) (2002)
Cayman Islands 4 with cable system (2004)
Central African Republic 1 (2001)
Chad 1 (2002)
Chile 63 (plus 121 repeaters) (1997)
China 3,240 (of which 209 are operated by China Central Television, 31 are provincial TV stations and nearly 3,000 are local city stations) (1997)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 60 (includes seven low-power stations) (1997)
Comoros NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 4 (2001)
Congo, Republic of the 1 (2002)
Cook Islands 1 (outer islands receive satellite broadcasts) (2004)
Costa Rica 20 (plus 43 repeaters) (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 14 (1999)
Croatia 36 (plus 321 repeaters) (September 1995)
Cuba 58 (1997)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 4 (plus 225 low-power repeaters) (September 1995); north Cyprus: 4 (plus 5 repeaters) (September 1995)
Czech Republic 150 (plus 1,434 repeaters) (2000)
Denmark 26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998)
Djibouti 1 (2002)
Dominica 1 (2004)
Dominican Republic 25 (2003)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 7 (plus 14 repeaters) (2001)
Egypt 98 (September 1995)
El Salvador 5 (1997)
Equatorial Guinea 1 (2002)
Eritrea 1 (2000)
Estonia 3 (2001)
Ethiopia 1 plus 24 repeaters (2002)
European Union 2,791 (1995); note - does not include repeaters; sum of individual country television broadcast stations; there is also a European-wide station (Eurovision)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Faroe Islands 3 (plus 43 low-power repeaters) (September 1995)
Fiji NA
Finland 120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999)
France 584 (plus 9,676 repeaters) (1995)
French Guiana 3 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997)
French Polynesia 7 (plus 17 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Gabon 4 (plus four low-power repeaters) (2001)
Gambia, The 1 (government-owned) (1997)
Gaza Strip 2 (operated by the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation) (1997)
Georgia 12 (plus repeaters) (1998)
Germany 373 (plus 8,042 repeaters) (1995)
Ghana 10 (2001)
Gibraltar 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Greece 36 (plus 1,341 low-power repeaters); also two stations in the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (1995)
Greenland 1 publicly-owned station, some local low-power stations, and three AFRTS (US Air Force) stations (1997)
Grenada 2 (1997)
Guadeloupe 5 (plus several low-power repeaters) (1997)
Guam 5 (1997)
Guatemala 26 (plus 27 repeaters) (1997)
Guernsey 1 (1997)
Guinea 6 low-power stations (2001)
Guinea-Bissau NA (1997)
Guyana 3 (one public station; two private stations which relay US satellite services) (1997)
Haiti 2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997)
Holy See (Vatican City) 1 (1996)
Honduras 11 (plus 17 repeaters) (1997)
Hong Kong 4 (2004)
Hungary 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995)
Iceland 14 (plus 156 low-power repeaters) (1997)
India 562 (of which 82 stations have 1 kW or greater power and 480 stations have less than 1 kW of power) (1997)
Indonesia 41 (1999)
Iran 28 (plus 450 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Iraq 21 (2004)
Ireland 4 (many low-power repeaters) (2001)
Israel 17 (plus 36 low-power repeaters) (1995)
Italy 358 (plus 4,728 repeaters) (1995)
Jamaica 7 (1997)
Japan 211 plus 7,341 repeaters note: in addition, US Forces are served by 3 TV stations and 2 TV cable services (1999)
Jersey 2 (1997)
Jordan 20 (plus 96 repeaters) (1995)
Kazakhstan 12 (plus nine repeaters) (1998)
Kenya 8 (2002)
Kiribati 1 (not reported to be active) (2002)
Korea, North 4 (includes Korean Central Television, Mansudae Television, Korean Educational and Cultural Network, and Kaesong Television targeting South Korea) (2003)
Korea, South 64 (additionally 119 Cable Operators; 239 Relay Cable Operators) (2004)
Kuwait 13 (plus several satellite channels) (1997)
Kyrgyzstan NA (repeater stations throughout the country relay programs from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey) (1997)
Laos 4 (1999)
Latvia 44 (plus 31 repeaters) (1995)
Lebanon 15 (plus 5 repeaters) (1995)
Lesotho 1 (2000)
Liberia 1 (plus four low-power repeaters) (2001)
Libya 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999)
Liechtenstein NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)
Lithuania 27 note: Lithuania has approximately 27 broadcasting stations, but may have as many as 100 transmitters, including repeater stations (2001)
Luxembourg 5 (1999)
Macau 1 (2003)
Macedonia 31 (plus 166 repeaters) (1995)
Madagascar 1 (plus 36 repeaters) (2001)
Malawi 1 (2001)
Malaysia 1 (plus 15 high-power repeaters) (2001)
Maldives 1 (1997)
Mali 1 (plus repeaters) (2001)
Malta 6 (2000)
Man, Isle of 0 (receives broadcasts from the UK and satellite) (1999)
Marshall Islands 2 (both are US military stations) (2002)
Martinique 11 (plus nine repeaters) (1997)
Mauritania 1 (2002)
Mauritius 2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
Mayotte 3 (2001)
Mexico 236 (plus repeaters) (1997)
Micronesia, Federated States of 3; note - cable TV also available (2004)
Moldova 1 (plus 30 repeaters) (1995)
Monaco 5 (1998)
Mongolia 52 (plus 21 provincial repeaters and many low power repeaters) (2004)
Montserrat 1 (1997)
Morocco 35 (plus 66 repeaters) (1995)
Mozambique 1 (2001)
Namibia 8 (plus about 20 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Nauru 1 (1997)
Nepal 1 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998)
Netherlands 21 (plus 26 repeaters) (1995)
Netherlands Antilles 3 (there is also a cable service, which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and two Venezuelan channels) (2004)
New Caledonia 6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)
New Zealand 41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Nicaragua 3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)
Niger 3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (2002)
Nigeria 3 (the government controls 2 of the broadcasting stations and 15 repeater stations) (2002)
Niue 1 (1997)
Norfolk Island 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005)
Northern Mariana Islands 1 (on Saipan and one station planned for Rota; in addition, two cable services on Saipan provide varied programming from satellite networks) (1997)
Norway 360 (plus 2,729 repeaters) (1995)
Oman 13 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1999)
Pakistan 22 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)
Palau 1 (cable) (2005)
Panama 38 (including repeaters) (1998)
Papua New Guinea 3 (all in the Port Moresby area) note: additional stations at Mt. Hagen, Goroka, Lae, and Rabaul are planned (2004)
Paraguay 5 (2003)
Peru 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)
Philippines 225; note - 1373 CATV networks (2004)
Poland 179 (plus 256 repeaters) (September 1995)
Portugal 62 (plus 166 repeaters) note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)
Puerto Rico 6 (19 relay stations) (2004)
Qatar 1 (plus three repeaters) (2001)
Reunion 35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)
Romania 48 (plus 392 repeaters) (1995)
Russia 7,306 (1998)
Rwanda 2 (2004)
Saint Helena 0 note: television programs are received in Saint Helena via satellite and distributed by cable (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 (plus three repeaters) (2004)
Saint Lucia 2 (of which one is a commercial broadcast station and one is a community antenna television or CATV channel) (2004)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 (plus three repeaters) (2004)
Samoa 2 (2002)
San Marino 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Sao Tome and Principe 2 (2002)
Saudi Arabia 117 (1997)
Senegal 1 (1997)
Serbia and Montenegro more than 771 (including 86 strong stations and 685 low-power stations, plus 20 repeaters in the principal networks; also numerous local or private stations in Serbia and Vojvodina) (1997)
Seychelles 2 (plus 9 repeaters) (1997)
Sierra Leone 2 (1999)
Singapore 7 (2003)
Slovakia 6 national broadcasting, 7 regional, 67 local (2004)
Slovenia 48 (2001)
Somalia 4 note: two in Mogadishu; two in Hargeisa (2001)
South Africa 556 (plus 144 network repeaters) (1997)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0 (2003)
Spain 224 (plus 2,105 repeaters) note: these figures include 11 television broadcast stations and 88 repeaters in the Canary Islands (1995)
Sri Lanka 21 (1997)
Sudan 3 (1997)
Suriname 3 (plus seven repeaters) (2000)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland 5 plus 7 relay stations (2004)
Sweden 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)
Switzerland 115 (plus 1,919 repeaters) (1995)
Syria 44 (plus 17 repeaters) (1995)
Taiwan 29 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Tajikistan 13 (2001)
Tanzania 3 (1999)
Thailand 5 (all in Bangkok; plus 131 repeaters) (1997)
Togo 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Tonga 3 (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago 4 (2004)
Tunisia 26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
Turkey 635 (plus 2,934 repeaters) (1995)
Turkmenistan 4 (government owned and programmed) (2004)
Turks and Caicos Islands 0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are received; 2 cable television networks) (2004)
Tuvalu 0 (2004)
Uganda 8 (plus one low-power repeater) (2001)
Ukraine at least 33 (plus 21 repeaters that relay broadcasts from Russia) (1997)
United Arab Emirates 15 (2004)
United Kingdom 228 (plus 3,523 repeaters) (1995)
United States more than 1,500 (including nearly 1,000 stations affiliated with the five major networks - NBC, ABC, CBS, FOX, and PBS; in addition, there are about 9,000 cable TV systems) (1997)
Uruguay 23 (2002)
Uzbekistan 4 (plus two repeaters that relay Russian programs), 1 cable rebroadcaster in Tashkent; approximately 20 stations in regional capitals (2003)
Vanuatu 1 (2004)
Venezuela 66 (plus 45 repeaters) (1997)
Vietnam at least 7 (plus 13 repeaters) (1998)
Virgin Islands 16 (2004)
Wake Island 0 (1997)
Wallis and Futuna 2 (2000)
West Bank NA
Western Sahara NA
World NA
Yemen 7 (plus several low-power repeaters) (1997)
Zambia 9 (2002)
Zimbabwe 16 (1997)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2018 Sex ratio (male(s)/female)
Afghanistan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Albania at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Algeria at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
American Samoa at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Andorra at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Angola at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Anguilla at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Argentina at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Armenia at birth: 1.17 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.87 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.9 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Aruba at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Australia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Austria at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Bahrain at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.4 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female total population: 1.27 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Bangladesh at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.16 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Barbados at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Belarus at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.5 male(s)/female total population: 0.88 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Belgium at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Belize at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Benin at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Bermuda at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Bhutan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Bolivia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Botswana at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Brazil at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Brunei at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Bulgaria at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Burma at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Burundi at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Cambodia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Cameroon at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Canada at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Cape Verde at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Cayman Islands at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Central African Republic at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Chad at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Chile at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
China at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Colombia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Comoros at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Croatia at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Cuba at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Cyprus at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Czech Republic at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Denmark at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Djibouti at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Dominica at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
East Timor at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Ecuador at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Egypt at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
El Salvador at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Eritrea at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Estonia at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female total population: 0.84 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Ethiopia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
European Union at birth: NA under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and older: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (July 2004 est.)
Faroe Islands at birth: 1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.12 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Fiji at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Finland at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
France at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
French Guiana at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.16 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.04 male(s)/female total population: 1.12 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
French Polynesia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Gabon at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Gambia, The at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Georgia at birth: 1.16 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.12 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Germany at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Ghana at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Gibraltar at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Greece at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Greenland at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.17 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.12 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Grenada at birth: 1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.12 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Guam at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Guatemala at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Guernsey at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Guinea at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Guyana at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Haiti at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Honduras at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Hong Kong at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Hungary at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Iceland at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
India at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Indonesia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Iran at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Iraq at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Ireland at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Israel at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Italy at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Jamaica at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Japan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Jersey at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Jordan at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.15 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.54 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Kenya at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Kiribati at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Korea, North at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Korea, South at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Kuwait at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.77 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.74 male(s)/female total population: 1.52 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Laos at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Latvia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Lebanon at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Lesotho at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Liberia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Libya at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Lithuania at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.52 male(s)/female total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Luxembourg at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Macau at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Macedonia at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Madagascar at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Malawi at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Malaysia at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Maldives at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Mali at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Malta at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Martinique at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Mauritania at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Mauritius at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Mayotte at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.18 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Mexico at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of NA
Moldova at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Monaco at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Mongolia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Montserrat at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.07 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Morocco at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Mozambique at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Namibia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Nauru at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.11 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Nepal at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Netherlands at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
New Caledonia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
New Zealand at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Nicaragua at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Niger at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.1 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Nigeria at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.71 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 0.78 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Norway at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Oman at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.46 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.2 male(s)/female total population: 1.26 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Pakistan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Palau at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.18 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Panama at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Paraguay at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Peru at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Philippines at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Portugal at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Qatar at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 2.28 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.78 male(s)/female total population: 1.88 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Reunion at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Romania at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Russia at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.46 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Rwanda at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Saint Helena at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Samoa at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.66 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1.39 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
San Marino at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.34 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.16 male(s)/female total population: 1.21 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Senegal at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Seychelles at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Singapore at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Slovakia at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Slovenia at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Somalia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
South Africa at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Spain at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Sudan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.18 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suriname at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Svalbard NA%
Swaziland at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Sweden at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Switzerland at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Syria at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Taiwan at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Tajikistan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Tanzania at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Thailand at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Togo at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Tunisia at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Turkey at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Tuvalu at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Uganda at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Ukraine at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.51 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.58 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.691 male(s)/female total population: 1.442 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
United Kingdom at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
United States at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Uruguay at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Vanuatu at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Venezuela at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Vietnam at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
West Bank at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Western Sahara NA
World at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Yemen at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Zambia at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2019 Heliports
Afghanistan 5 (2004 est.)
Albania 1 (2004 est.)
Algeria 1 (2004 est.)
Antarctica 27 stations have restricted helicopter landing facilities (helipads) (2004 est.)
Austria 1 (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan 2 (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The 1 (2004 est.)
Bahrain 1 (2004 est.)
Belarus 1 (2004 est.)
Belgium 1 (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 (2004 est.)
Brazil 417 (2004 est.)
Brunei 3 (2004 est.)
Bulgaria 1 (2004 est.)
Burma 1 (2004 est.)
Cambodia 2 (2004 est.)
Canada 319 (2004)
China 15 (2004 est.)
Colombia 1 (2004 est.)
Croatia 1 (2004 est.)
Cyprus 10 (2004 est.)
Czech Republic 2 (2004 est.)
East Timor 1 (2004 est.)
Ecuador 1 (2004 est.)
Egypt 2 (2004 est.)
El Salvador 1 (2004 est.)
European Union 94 (2004)
France 3 (2004 est.)
French Polynesia 1 (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip 1 (2004 est.)
Georgia 2 (2004 est.)
Germany 34 (2004 est.)
Greece 7 (2004 est.)
Hong Kong 2 (2004 est.)
Hungary 5 (2004 est.)
India 20 (2004 est.)
Indonesia 22 (2004 est.)
Iran 13 (2004 est.)
Iraq 6 (2004 est.)
Israel 3 (2004 est.)
Italy 4 (2004 est.)
Japan 15 (2004 est.)
Jordan 1 (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 1 (2004 est.)
Korea, North 19 (2004 est.)
Korea, South 206 (2004 est.)
Kuwait 3 (2004 est.)
Libya 1 (2004 est.)
Luxembourg 1 (2004 est.)
Malaysia 1 (2004 est.)
Mexico 2 (2004 est.)
Monaco 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2004 est.)
Mongolia 2 (2004 est.)
Morocco 1 (2004 est.)
Netherlands 1 (2004 est.)
New Caledonia 6 (2004 est.)
Nigeria 1 (2004 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands 1 (2004 est.)
Norway 1 (2004 est.)
Oman 1 (2004 est.)
Pakistan 15 (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea 2 (2004 est.)
Peru 1 (2004 est.)
Philippines 2 (2004 est.)
Poland 3 (2004 est.)
Qatar 1 (2004 est.)
Romania 1 (2004 est.)
Russia 36 (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia 5 (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 4 (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone 2 (2004 est.)
Slovakia 1 (2004 est.)
Spain 8 (2004 est.)
Sudan 2 (2004 est.)
Sweden 2 (2004 est.)
Switzerland 2 (2004 est.)
Syria 7 (2004 est.)
Taiwan 3 (2004 est.)
Thailand 3 (2004 est.)
Turkey 14 (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan 1 (2004 est.)
Ukraine 8 (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2 (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 11 (2004 est.)
United States 155 (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2020 Elevation extremes (m)
Afghanistan lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m highest point: Nowshak 7,485 m
Albania lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,764 m
Algeria lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m highest point: Tahat 3,003 m
American Samoa lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Lata 966 m
Andorra lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Angola lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m
Anguilla lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Crocus Hill 65 m
Antarctica lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m highest point: Vinson Massif 4,897 m note: the lowest known land point in Antarctica is hidden in the Bentley Subglacial Trench; at its surface is the deepest ice yet discovered and the world's lowest elevation not under seawater
Antigua and Barbuda lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m
Arctic Ocean lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m
Argentina lowest point: Laguna del Carbon -105 m (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz) highest point: Cerro Aconcagua 6,960 m (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza)
Armenia lowest point: Debed River 400 m highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m
Aruba lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Jamanota 188 m
Ashmore and Cartier Islands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Atlantic Ocean lowest point: Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench -8,605 m highest point: sea level 0 m
Australia lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m highest point: Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
Austria lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m
Azerbaijan lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m
Bahamas, The lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Alvernia, on Cat Island 63 m
Bahrain lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m
Baker Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 8 m
Bangladesh lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Keokradong 1,230 m
Barbados lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Hillaby 336 m
Bassas da India lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 2.4 m
Belarus lowest point: Nyoman River 90 m highest point: Dzyarzhynskaya Hara 346 m
Belgium lowest point: North Sea 0 m highest point: Signal de Botrange 694 m
Belize lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Victoria Peak 1,160 m
Benin lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Sokbaro 658 m
Bermuda lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Bhutan lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m
Bolivia lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m highest point: Nevado Sajama 6,542 m
Bosnia and Herzegovina lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Maglic 2,386 m
Botswana lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
Bouvet Island lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Olav Peak 935 m
Brazil lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico da Neblina 3,014 m
British Indian Ocean Territory lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
British Virgin Islands lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Sage 521 m
Brunei lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Bulgaria lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Musala 2,925 m
Burkina Faso lowest point: Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m
Burma lowest point: Andaman Sea 0 m highest point: Hkakabo Razi 5,881 m
Burundi lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m
Cambodia lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
Cameroon lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Fako (on Mount Cameroon) 4,095 m
Canada lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m
Cape Verde lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)
Cayman Islands lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: The Bluff 43 m
Central African Republic lowest point: Oubangui River 335 m highest point: Mont Ngaoui 1,420 m
Chad lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m
Chile lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m
China lowest point: Turpan Pendi -154 m highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
Christmas Island lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Clipperton Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Rocher Clipperton 29 m
Cocos (Keeling) Islands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Colombia lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m note: nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation
Comoros lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m
Congo, Democratic Republic of the lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m
Congo, Republic of the lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Berongou 903 m
Cook Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Te Manga 652 m
Coral Sea Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m
Costa Rica lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro Chirripo 3,810 m
Cote d'Ivoire lowest point: Gulf of Guinea 0 m highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m
Croatia lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Dinara 1,830 m
Cuba lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Pico Turquino 2,005 m
Cyprus lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Olympus 1,951 m
Czech Republic lowest point: Elbe River 115 m highest point: Snezka 1,602 m
Denmark lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m highest point: Yding Skovhoej 173 m
Djibouti lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m
Dominica lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Morne Diablatins 1,447 m
Dominican Republic lowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 m highest point: Pico Duarte 3,175 m
East Timor lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m highest point: Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m
Ecuador lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m
Egypt lowest point: Qattara Depression -133 m highest point: Mount Catherine 2,629 m
El Salvador lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
Equatorial Guinea lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m
Eritrea lowest point: near Kulul within the Denakil depression -75 m highest point: Soira 3,018 m
Estonia lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m
Ethiopia lowest point: Denakil Depression -125 m highest point: Ras Dejen 4,620 m
Europa Island lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 24 m
European Union lowest point: Lammefjord, Denmark -7 m; Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands -7 m highest point: Mount Blanc, France/Italy 4,807 m
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Faroe Islands lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Slaettaratindur 882 m
Fiji lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Tomanivi 1,324 m
Finland lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Haltiatunturi 1,328 m
France lowest point: Rhone River delta -2 m highest point: Mont Blanc 4,807 m
French Guiana lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Bellevue de l'Inini 851 m
French Polynesia lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Orohena 2,241 m
French Southern and Antarctic Lands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m
Gabon lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Iboundji 1,575 m
Gambia, The lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 53 m
Gaza Strip lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda) 105 m
Georgia lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,201 m
Germany lowest point: Neuendorf bei Wilster -3.54 m highest point: Zugspitze 2,963 m
Ghana lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
Gibraltar lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Glorioso Islands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 12 m
Greece lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Olympus 2,917 m
Greenland lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m
Grenada lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Saint Catherine 840 m
Guadeloupe lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Soufriere 1,484 m
Guam lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Lamlam 406 m
Guatemala lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m
Guernsey lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Sark 114 m
Guinea lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m
Guinea-Bissau lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location in the northeast corner of the country 300 m
Guyana lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Roraima 2,835 m
Haiti lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m
Heard Island and McDonald Islands lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m
Holy See (Vatican City) lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m
Honduras lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m
Hong Kong lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Tai Mo Shan 958 m
Howland Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Hungary lowest point: Tisza River 78 m highest point: Kekes 1,014 m
Iceland lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Hvannadalshnukur 2,119 m (at Vatnajokull glacier)
India lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m
Indian Ocean lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m highest point: sea level 0 m
Indonesia lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Puncak Jaya 5,030 m
Iran lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m highest point: Kuh-e Damavand 5,671 m
Iraq lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: unnamed peak; 3,611 m; note - this peak is not Gundah Zhur 3,607 m or Kuh-e Hajji-Ebrahim 3,595 m
Ireland lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Carrauntoohil 1,041 m
Israel lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m highest point: Har Meron 1,208 m
Italy lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur 4,748 m (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc)
Jamaica lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m
Jan Mayen lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m
Japan lowest point: Hachiro-gata -4 m highest point: Mount Fuji 3,776 m
Jarvis Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 7 m
Jersey lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 143 m
Johnston Atoll lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Summit Peak 5 m
Jordan lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m highest point: Jabal Ram 1,734 m
Juan de Nova Island lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 10 m
Kazakhstan lowest point: Vpadina Kaundy -132 m highest point: Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Pik Khan-Tengri) 6,995 m
Kenya lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m
Kingman Reef lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 1 m
Kiribati lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
Korea, North lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m highest point: Paektu-san 2,744 m
Korea, South lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m highest point: Halla-san 1,950 m
Kuwait lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: unnamed location 306 m
Kyrgyzstan lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
Laos lowest point: Mekong River 70 m highest point: Phou Bia 2,817 m
Latvia lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Gaizinkalns 312 m
Lebanon lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Qurnat as Sawda' 3,088 m
Lesotho lowest point: junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m highest point: Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m
Liberia lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Wuteve 1,380 m
Libya lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Liechtenstein lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
Lithuania lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Juozapines/Kalnas 292 m
Luxembourg lowest point: Moselle River 133 m highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m
Macau lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Macedonia lowest point: Vardar River 50 m highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m
Madagascar lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Maromokotro 2,876 m
Malawi lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m
Malaysia lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Gunung Kinabalu 4,100 m
Maldives lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Wilingili island in the Addu Atoll 2.4 m
Mali lowest point: Senegal River 23 m highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m
Malta lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Ta'Dmejrek 253 m (near Dingli)
Man, Isle of lowest point: Irish Sea 0 m highest point: Snaefell 621 m
Marshall Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Likiep 10 m
Martinique lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Montagne Pelee 1,397 m
Mauritania lowest point: Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha -5 m highest point: Kediet Ijill 915 m
Mauritius lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
Mayotte lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Benara 660 m
Mexico lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m
Micronesia, Federated States of lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m
Midway Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 13 m
Moldova lowest point: Dniester River 2 m highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m
Monaco lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Mongolia lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
Montserrat lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chances Peak (in the Soufriere Hills volcanic complex) 914 m
Morocco lowest point: Sebkha Tah -55 m highest point: Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m
Mozambique lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
Namibia lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Konigstein 2,606 m
Nauru lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Navassa Island lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: unnamed location on southwest side 77 m
Nepal lowest point: Kanchan Kalan 70 m highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
Netherlands lowest point: Zuidplaspolder -7 m highest point: Vaalserberg 322 m
Netherlands Antilles lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Scenery 862 m
New Caledonia lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m
New Zealand lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m
Nicaragua lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mogoton 2,438 m
Niger lowest point: Niger River 200 m highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m
Nigeria lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m
Niue lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
Norfolk Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
Northern Mariana Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Agrihan 965 m
Norway lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m
Oman lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m highest point: Jabal Shams 2,980 m
Pacific Ocean lowest point: Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench -10,924 m highest point: sea level 0 m
Pakistan lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
Palau lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Ngerchelchuus 242 m
Palmyra Atoll lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 2 m
Panama lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Volcan de Chiriqui 3,475 m
Papua New Guinea lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m
Paracel Islands lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m
Paraguay lowest point: junction of Rio Paraguay and Rio Parana 46 m highest point: Cerro Pero (Cerro Tres Kandu) 842 m
Peru lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m
Philippines lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m
Pitcairn Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Pawala Valley Ridge 347 m
Poland lowest point: near Raczki Elblaskie -2 m highest point: Rysy 2,499 m
Portugal lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
Puerto Rico lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m
Qatar lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Reunion lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Romania lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m
Russia lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m highest point: Gora El'brus 5,633 m
Rwanda lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m
Saint Helena lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m
Saint Kitts and Nevis lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m
Saint Lucia lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Gimie 950 m
Saint Pierre and Miquelon lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Soufriere 1,234 m
Samoa lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mauga Silisili (Savaii) 1,857 m
San Marino lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Sao Tome and Principe lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
Saudi Arabia lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal Sawda' 3,133 m
Senegal lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
Serbia and Montenegro lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Daravica 2,656 m
Seychelles lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne Seychellois 905 m
Sierra Leone lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m
Singapore lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m
Slovakia lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m
Slovenia lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
Solomon Islands lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Makarakomburu 2,447 m
Somalia lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Shimbiris 2,416 m
South Africa lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Njesuthi 3,408 m
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m
Southern Ocean lowest point: -7,235 m at the southern end of the South Sandwich Trench highest point: sea level 0 m
Spain lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m
Spratly Islands lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Sri Lanka lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Pidurutalagala 2,524 m
Sudan lowest point: Red Sea 0 m highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m
Suriname lowest point: unnamed location in the coastal plain -2 m highest point: Juliana Top 1,230 m
Svalbard lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Swaziland lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m
Sweden lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.41 m highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m
Switzerland lowest point: Lake Maggiore 195 m highest point: Dufourspitze 4,634 m
Syria lowest point: unnamed location near Lake Tiberias -200 m highest point: Mount Hermon 2,814 m
Taiwan lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Yu Shan 3,952 m
Tajikistan lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m
Tanzania lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m
Thailand lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Doi Inthanon 2,576 m
Togo lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Tokelau lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Tonga lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Trinidad and Tobago lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m
Tromelin Island lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 7 m
Tunisia lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m
Turkey lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Ararat 5,166 m
Turkmenistan lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m) highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m
Turks and Caicos Islands lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Hills 49 m
Tuvalu lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Uganda lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m
Ukraine lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m
United Arab Emirates lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m
United Kingdom lowest point: The Fens -4 m highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m
United States lowest point: Death Valley -86 m highest point: Mount McKinley 6,194 m
Uruguay lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Cerro Catedral 514 m
Uzbekistan lowest point: Sariqarnish Kuli -12 m highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
Vanuatu lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m
Venezuela lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Pico Bolivar (La Columna) 5,007 m
Vietnam lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Fan Si Pan 3,144 m
Virgin Islands lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Crown Mountain 474 m
Wake Island lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 6 m
Wallis and Futuna lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Singavi 765 m
West Bank lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m highest point: Tall Asur 1,022 m
Western Sahara lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m highest point: unnamed location 463 m
World lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 m note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
Yemen lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m highest point: Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m
Zambia lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
Zimbabwe lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2021 Natural hazards
Afghanistan damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts
Albania destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought
Algeria mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season
American Samoa typhoons common from December to March
Andorra avalanches
Angola locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
Anguilla frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)
Antarctica katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf
Antigua and Barbuda hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
Arctic Ocean ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Argentina San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding
Armenia occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts
Aruba lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt
Ashmore and Cartier Islands surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Atlantic Ocean icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December)
Australia cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires
Austria landslides; avalanches; earthquakes
Azerbaijan droughts
Bahamas, The hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage
Bahrain periodic droughts; dust storms
Baker Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Bangladesh droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season
Barbados infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides
Bassas da India maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones
Belarus NA
Belgium flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes
Belize frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)
Benin hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March
Bermuda hurricanes (June to November)
Bhutan violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season
Bolivia flooding in the northeast (March-April)
Bosnia and Herzegovina destructive earthquakes
Botswana periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility
Bouvet Island NA
Brazil recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south
British Indian Ocean Territory NA
British Virgin Islands hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)
Brunei typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
Bulgaria earthquakes, landslides
Burkina Faso recurring droughts
Burma destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts
Burundi flooding, landslides, drought
Cambodia monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Cameroon volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes
Canada continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains
Cape Verde prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active
Cayman Islands hurricanes (July to November)
Central African Republic hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common
Chad hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Chile severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis
China frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence
Christmas Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Clipperton Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands cyclone season is October to April
Colombia highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts
Comoros cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano
Congo, Democratic Republic of the periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); in the east, in the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes
Congo, Republic of the seasonal flooding
Cook Islands typhoons (November to March)
Coral Sea Islands occasional tropical cyclones
Costa Rica occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes
Cote d'Ivoire coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible
Croatia destructive earthquakes
Cuba the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common
Cyprus moderate earthquake activity; droughts
Czech Republic flooding
Denmark flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
Djibouti earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Dominica flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months
Dominican Republic lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts
East Timor floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones
Ecuador frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts
Egypt periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms
El Salvador known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes
Equatorial Guinea violent windstorms, flash floods
Eritrea frequent droughts; locust swarms
Estonia sometimes flooding occurs in the spring
Ethiopia geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
Europa Island NA
European Union flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) strong winds persist throughout the year
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
Finland NA
France flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean
French Guiana high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding
French Polynesia occasional cyclonic storms in January
French Southern and Antarctic Lands Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes
Gabon NA
Gambia, The drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)
Gaza Strip droughts
Georgia earthquakes
Germany flooding
Ghana dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts
Gibraltar NA
Glorioso Islands periodic cyclones
Greece severe earthquakes
Greenland continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island
Grenada lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November
Guadeloupe hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere de Guadeloupe is an active volcano
Guam frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (June - December)
Guatemala numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms
Guernsey NA
Guinea hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season
Guinea-Bissau hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires
Guyana flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons
Haiti lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast
Hong Kong occasional typhoons
Howland Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Iceland earthquakes and volcanic activity
India droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes
Indian Ocean occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches
Indonesia occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires
Iran periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes
Iraq dust storms, sandstorms, floods
Ireland NA
Israel sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes
Italy regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice
Jamaica hurricanes (especially July to November)
Jan Mayen dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970
Japan many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons
Jarvis Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard
Jersey NA
Johnston Atoll NA
Jordan droughts; periodic earthquakes
Juan de Nova Island periodic cyclones
Kazakhstan earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty
Kenya recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons
Kingman Reef wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard
Kiribati typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Korea, North late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall
Korea, South occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest
Kuwait sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August
Kyrgyzstan NA
Laos floods, droughts
Latvia NA
Lebanon dust storms, sandstorms
Lesotho periodic droughts
Liberia dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)
Libya hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Liechtenstein NA
Lithuania NA
Luxembourg NA
Macau typhoons
Macedonia high seismic risks
Madagascar periodic cyclones, drought, and locust infestation
Malawi NA
Malaysia flooding, landslides, forest fires
Maldives low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise
Mali hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding
Malta NA
Man, Isle of NA
Marshall Islands infrequent typhoons
Martinique hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years)
Mauritania hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts
Mauritius cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Mayotte cyclones during rainy season
Mexico tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts
Micronesia, Federated States of typhoons (June to December)
Midway Islands NA
Moldova landslides (57 cases in 1998)
Monaco NA
Mongolia dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud," which is harsh winter conditions
Montserrat severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1995)
Morocco northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts
Mozambique severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces
Namibia prolonged periods of drought
Nauru periodic droughts
Navassa Island NA
Nepal severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons
Netherlands flooding
Netherlands Antilles Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October
New Caledonia cyclones, most frequent from November to March
New Zealand earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity
Nicaragua destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes
Niger recurring droughts
Nigeria periodic droughts; flooding
Niue typhoons
Norfolk Island typhoons (especially May to July)
Northern Mariana Islands active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)
Norway rockslides, avalanches
Oman summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts
Pacific Ocean surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December
Pakistan frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
Palau typhoons (June to December)
Palmyra Atoll NA
Panama occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area
Papua New Guinea active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis
Paracel Islands typhoons
Paraguay local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)
Peru earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity
Philippines astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
Pitcairn Islands typhoons (especially November to March)
Poland flooding
Portugal Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Puerto Rico periodic droughts; hurricanes
Qatar haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Reunion periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Romania earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
Russia permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia
Rwanda periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo
Saint Helena active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Saint Kitts and Nevis hurricanes (July to October)
Saint Lucia hurricanes and volcanic activity
Saint Pierre and Miquelon persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat
Samoa occasional typhoons; active volcanism
San Marino NA
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia frequent sand and dust storms
Senegal lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Serbia and Montenegro destructive earthquakes
Seychelles lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible
Sierra Leone dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms
Singapore NA
Slovakia NA
Slovenia flooding and earthquakes
Solomon Islands typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity
Somalia recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season
South Africa prolonged droughts
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Southern Ocean huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue
Spain periodic droughts
Spratly Islands typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Sri Lanka occasional cyclones and tornadoes
Sudan dust storms and periodic persistent droughts
Suriname NA
Svalbard ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Swaziland drought
Sweden ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Switzerland avalanches, landslides, flash floods
Syria dust storms, sandstorms
Taiwan earthquakes and typhoons
Tajikistan earthquakes and floods
Tanzania flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
Thailand land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts
Togo hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Tokelau lies in Pacific typhoon belt
Tonga cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Trinidad and Tobago outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Tromelin Island NA
Tunisia NA
Turkey very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
Turkmenistan NA
Turks and Caicos Islands frequent hurricanes
Tuvalu severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Uganda NA
Ukraine NA
United Arab Emirates frequent sand and dust storms
United Kingdom winter windstorms; floods
United States tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development
Uruguay seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts
Uzbekistan NA
Vanuatu tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis
Venezuela subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts
Vietnam occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta
Virgin Islands several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes
Wake Island occasional typhoons
Wallis and Futuna NA
West Bank droughts
Western Sahara hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
World large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)
Yemen sandstorms and dust storms in summer
Zambia periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April)
Zimbabwe recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2022 People - note
Afghanistan of the estimated 4 million refugees in October 2001, 2.3 million have returned
Ashmore and Cartier Islands the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Christmas Island the Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1,508 as of the 2001 Census
Cuba illicit migration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and overland via the southwest border
Greece women, men, and children are trafficked to and within Greece for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor
Rwanda Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa
Turks and Caicos Islands destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, and US
Ukraine the sex trafficking of Ukrainian women is a serious problem that has only recently been addressed
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2023 Area - comparative
Afghanistan slightly smaller than Texas
Akrotiri about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Albania slightly smaller than Maryland
Algeria slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas
American Samoa slightly larger than Washington, DC
Andorra 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Angola slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Anguilla about half the size of Washington, DC
Antarctica slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Antigua and Barbuda 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Arctic Ocean slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Argentina slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US
Armenia slightly smaller than Maryland
Aruba slightly larger than Washington, DC
Ashmore and Cartier Islands about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Atlantic Ocean slightly less than 6.5 times the size of the US
Australia slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states
Austria slightly smaller than Maine
Azerbaijan slightly smaller than Maine
Bahamas, The slightly smaller than Connecticut
Bahrain 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Baker Island about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Bangladesh slightly smaller than Iowa
Barbados 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Bassas da India about one-third the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Belarus slightly smaller than Kansas
Belgium about the size of Maryland
Belize slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Benin slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Bermuda about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Bhutan about half the size of Indiana
Bolivia slightly less than three times the size of Montana
Bosnia and Herzegovina slightly smaller than West Virginia
Botswana slightly smaller than Texas
Bouvet Island about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Brazil slightly smaller than the US
British Indian Ocean Territory about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
British Virgin Islands about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC
Brunei slightly smaller than Delaware
Bulgaria slightly larger than Tennessee
Burkina Faso slightly larger than Colorado
Burma slightly smaller than Texas
Burundi slightly smaller than Maryland
Cambodia slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Cameroon slightly larger than California
Canada somewhat larger than the US
Cape Verde slightly larger than Rhode Island
Cayman Islands 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Central African Republic slightly smaller than Texas
Chad slightly more than three times the size of California
Chile slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana
China slightly smaller than the US
Christmas Island about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Clipperton Island about 12 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Cocos (Keeling) Islands about 24 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Colombia slightly less than three times the size of Montana
Comoros slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC
Congo, Democratic Republic of the slightly less than one-fourth the size of the US
Congo, Republic of the slightly smaller than Montana
Cook Islands 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Coral Sea Islands NA
Costa Rica slightly smaller than West Virginia
Cote d'Ivoire slightly larger than New Mexico
Croatia slightly smaller than West Virginia
Cuba slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Cyprus about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut
Czech Republic slightly smaller than South Carolina
Denmark slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts
Dhekelia about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Djibouti slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Dominica slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC
Dominican Republic slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire
East Timor slightly larger than Connecticut
Ecuador slightly smaller than Nevada
Egypt slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico
El Salvador slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Equatorial Guinea slightly smaller than Maryland
Eritrea slightly larger than Pennsylvania
Estonia slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined
Ethiopia slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Europa Island about 0.16 times the size of Washington, DC
European Union less than one-half the size of the US
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) slightly smaller than Connecticut
Faroe Islands eight times the size of Washington, DC
Fiji slightly smaller than New Jersey
Finland slightly smaller than Montana
France slightly less than twice the size of Colorado
French Guiana slightly smaller than Indiana
French Polynesia slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut
French Southern and Antarctic Lands slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware
Gabon slightly smaller than Colorado
Gambia, The slightly less than twice the size of Delaware
Gaza Strip slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Georgia slightly smaller than South Carolina
Germany slightly smaller than Montana
Ghana slightly smaller than Oregon
Gibraltar about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Glorioso Islands about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Greece slightly smaller than Alabama
Greenland slightly more than three times the size of Texas
Grenada twice the size of Washington, DC
Guadeloupe 10 times the size of Washington, DC
Guam three times the size of Washington, DC
Guatemala slightly smaller than Tennessee
Guernsey about one-half the size of Washington, DC
Guinea slightly smaller than Oregon
Guinea-Bissau slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut
Guyana slightly smaller than Idaho
Haiti slightly smaller than Maryland
Heard Island and McDonald Islands slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC
Holy See (Vatican City) about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Honduras slightly larger than Tennessee
Hong Kong six times the size of Washington, DC
Howland Island about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Hungary slightly smaller than Indiana
Iceland slightly smaller than Kentucky
India slightly more than one-third the size of the US
Indian Ocean about 5.5 times the size of the US
Indonesia slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Iran slightly larger than Alaska
Iraq slightly more than twice the size of Idaho
Ireland slightly larger than West Virginia
Israel slightly smaller than New Jersey
Italy slightly larger than Arizona
Jamaica slightly smaller than Connecticut
Jan Mayen slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Japan slightly smaller than California
Jarvis Island about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Jersey about two-thirds the size of Washington, DC
Johnston Atoll about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Jordan slightly smaller than Indiana
Juan de Nova Island about seven times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Kazakhstan slightly less than four times the size of Texas
Kenya slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
Kingman Reef about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Kiribati four times the size of Washington, DC
Korea, North slightly smaller than Mississippi
Korea, South slightly larger than Indiana
Kuwait slightly smaller than New Jersey
Kyrgyzstan slightly smaller than South Dakota
Laos slightly larger than Utah
Latvia slightly larger than West Virginia
Lebanon about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut
Lesotho slightly smaller than Maryland
Liberia slightly larger than Tennessee
Libya slightly larger than Alaska
Liechtenstein about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC
Lithuania slightly larger than West Virginia
Luxembourg slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Macau about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Macedonia slightly larger than Vermont
Madagascar slightly less than twice the size of Arizona
Malawi slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Malaysia slightly larger than New Mexico
Maldives about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Mali slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Malta slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC
Man, Isle of slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC
Marshall Islands about the size of Washington, DC
Martinique slightly more than six times the size of Washington, DC
Mauritania slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico
Mauritius almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Mayotte slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Mexico slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Micronesia, Federated States of four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)
Midway Islands about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Moldova slightly larger than Maryland
Monaco about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Mongolia slightly smaller than Alaska
Montserrat about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC
Morocco slightly larger than California
Mozambique slightly less than twice the size of California
Namibia slightly more than half the size of Alaska
Nauru about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Navassa Island about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Nepal slightly larger than Arkansas
Netherlands slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey
Netherlands Antilles more than five times the size of Washington, DC
New Caledonia slightly smaller than New Jersey
New Zealand about the size of Colorado
Nicaragua slightly smaller than the state of New York
Niger slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Nigeria slightly more than twice the size of California
Niue 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Norfolk Island about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Northern Mariana Islands 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Norway slightly larger than New Mexico
Oman slightly smaller than Kansas
Pacific Ocean about 15 times the size of the US; covers about 28% of the global surface; larger than the total land area of the world
Pakistan slightly less than twice the size of California
Palau slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Palmyra Atoll about 20 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Panama slightly smaller than South Carolina
Papua New Guinea slightly larger than California
Paracel Islands NA
Paraguay slightly smaller than California
Peru slightly smaller than Alaska
Philippines slightly larger than Arizona
Pitcairn Islands about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Poland slightly smaller than New Mexico
Portugal slightly smaller than Indiana
Puerto Rico slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island
Qatar slightly smaller than Connecticut
Reunion slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Romania slightly smaller than Oregon
Russia approximately 1.8 times the size of the US
Rwanda slightly smaller than Maryland
Saint Helena slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Saint Lucia 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines twice the size of Washington, DC
Samoa slightly smaller than Rhode Island
San Marino about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Sao Tome and Principe more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Saudi Arabia slightly more than one-fifth the size of the US
Senegal slightly smaller than South Dakota
Serbia and Montenegro slightly smaller than Kentucky
Seychelles 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Sierra Leone slightly smaller than South Carolina
Singapore slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Slovakia about twice the size of New Hampshire
Slovenia slightly smaller than New Jersey
Solomon Islands slightly smaller than Maryland
Somalia slightly smaller than Texas
South Africa slightly less than twice the size of Texas
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands slightly larger than Rhode Island
Southern Ocean slightly more than twice the size of the US
Spain slightly more than twice the size of Oregon
Spratly Islands NA
Sri Lanka slightly larger than West Virginia
Sudan slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US
Suriname slightly larger than Georgia
Svalbard slightly smaller than West Virginia
Swaziland slightly smaller than New Jersey
Sweden slightly larger than California
Switzerland slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey
Syria slightly larger than North Dakota
Taiwan slightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined
Tajikistan slightly smaller than Wisconsin
Tanzania slightly larger than twice the size of California
Thailand slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming
Togo slightly smaller than West Virginia
Tokelau about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Tonga four times the size of Washington, DC
Trinidad and Tobago slightly smaller than Delaware
Tromelin Island about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Tunisia slightly larger than Georgia
Turkey slightly larger than Texas
Turkmenistan slightly larger than California
Turks and Caicos Islands 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Tuvalu 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Uganda slightly smaller than Oregon
Ukraine slightly smaller than Texas
United Arab Emirates slightly smaller than Maine
United Kingdom slightly smaller than Oregon
United States about half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; almost two and a half times the size of the European Union
Uruguay slightly smaller than the state of Washington
Uzbekistan slightly larger than California
Vanuatu slightly larger than Connecticut
Venezuela slightly more than twice the size of California
Vietnam slightly larger than New Mexico
Virgin Islands twice the size of Washington, DC
Wake Island about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Wallis and Futuna 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
West Bank slightly smaller than Delaware
Western Sahara about the size of Colorado
World land area about 16 times the size of the US
Yemen slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming
Zambia slightly larger than Texas
Zimbabwe slightly larger than Montana
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2024 Military service age and obligation (years of age)
Afghanistan 22 years of age; inductees are contracted into service for a 4-year term (2005)
Albania 19 years of age (2004)
Algeria 19-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (October 2003)
Angola 17 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years plus time for training (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda 18 years of age (est.); no conscript military service (2001)
Argentina 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Armenia 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (May 2004)
Australia 16 years of age for voluntary service (2001)
Austria 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for voluntary service; from 2007, at the earliest, compulsory military service obligation will be reduced from 8 months to 6 (June 2004)
Azerbaijan 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; law passed December 2001 raises maximum conscription age from 28 to 35 (December 2001)
Bahamas, The 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Bahrain 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Bangladesh 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2005)
Barbados 18 years of age for voluntary military service; volunteers at earlier age with parental consent; no conscription (2001)
Belarus 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (May 2004)
Belgium 16 years of age for voluntary military service; women comprise some 7% of the Belgian armed forces (2001)
Belize 18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient; conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1 (2001)
Benin 21 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; in practice, volunteers may be taken at the age of 18; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2004)
Bhutan 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Bolivia 18 years of age for voluntary military service; when annual number of volunteers falls short of goal, compulsory recruitment is effected, including conscription of boys as young as 14; one estimate holds that 40% of the armed forces are under the age of 18, with 50% of those under the age of 16; conscript tour of duty - 12 months (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 18 years of age for compulsory military service in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; 16 years of age in times of war; 18 years of age for Republika Srpska; 17 years of age for voluntary military service in the Federation and in the Republika Srpska; by law, military obligations cover all healthy men between the ages of 18 and 60, and all women between the ages of 18 and 55; service obligation is 4 months (July 2004)
Botswana 18 is the apparent age of voluntary military service; the official qualifications for determining minimum age are unknown (2001)
Brazil 19 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 17 years of age for voluntary service (2001)
Brunei 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Bulgaria 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 9 months (2004)
Burkina Faso 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 20 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Burma 18 years of age for voluntary military service for both sexes (May 2002)
Burundi 16 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)
Cambodia 18-30 years of age for compulsory military service for all males; conscription law passed September 2004; service obligation is 18 months (September 2004)
Cameroon 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (1999)
Canada 16 years of age for voluntary military service; women comprise some 11% of Canada's armed forces (2001)
Central African Republic 18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is two years (2005)
Chad 20 years of age for conscripts, with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a guardian (2004)
Chile 18 years of age for compulsory military service; all citizens 18-45 are obligated to perform military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy and Air Force (2004)
China 18-22 years of age for compulsory military service, with 24-month service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service; 17 years of age for women who meet requirements for specific military jobs (2004)
Colombia 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 24 months (2004)
Congo, Republic of the 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Costa Rica 18 years of age (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
Croatia 18 years of age for compulsory military service, with 6-month service obligation; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary service; Croatian Military Police planning to end conscription in 2005 (December 2004)
Cuba 17 years of age; both sexes are eligible for military service (2004)
Cyprus 18 years of age (2004)
Czech Republic 18-50 years of age for voluntary military service; military service transformed into a fully professional, all-volunteer force no longer dependent on conscription beginning in January 2004 (2005)
Denmark 18 years of age for compulsory and volunteer military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months according to specialization; reservists are assigned to mobilization units following completion of their conscript service (2004)
Djibouti 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Dominican Republic 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
East Timor 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Ecuador 20 years of age for conscript military service; 12-month service obligation (2004)
Egypt 18 years of age for conscript military service; 3-year service obligation (2001)
El Salvador 18 years of age for compulsory military service, with 12-month service obligation; 16 years of age for volunteers (2002)
Equatorial Guinea 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Eritrea 18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 16 months (2004)
Estonia 18 years of age for compulsory military service, with 11-month service obligation; Estonia has committed to retaining conscription for men and women up to 2010; 17 years of age for volunteers (2004)
Ethiopia 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)
Fiji 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Finland 18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (October 2004)
France 17 years of age with consent for voluntary military service (2001)
Gabon 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)
Gambia, The 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Georgia 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
Germany 18 years of age (conscripts serve a nine-month tour of compulsory military service) (2004)
Ghana 18 years of age for compulsory and volunteer military service (2001)
Greece 18 years of age for compulsory military service; during wartime the law allows for recruitment after reaching January of the year of inductee's 18th birthday, thus including 17 year olds; 17 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation - 12 months for the Army and Air Force, 15 months for Navy (2005)
Guatemala 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 30 months (2004)
Guinea 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
Guinea-Bissau 18 years of age for compulsory military service (2001)
Haiti 18 years of age for voluntary recruitment into the police force (2001)
Honduras 18 years of age for voluntary 2-3 year military service (2004)
Hong Kong 18 years of age (2004)
Hungary 18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in June 2004 (June 2004)
India 16 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Indonesia 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2002)
Iran 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; soldiers as young as 9 were recruited extensively during the Iran-Iraq War; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
Iraq 18 years of age; the Iraqi Interim Government is creating a new professional Iraqi military force of men aged 18 to 40 to defend Iraq from external threats and the current insurgency (2004)
Ireland 17 years of age for voluntary military service; enlistees under the age of 17 can be recruited for specialist positions (2001)
Israel 17 years of age for compulsory (Jews, Druzes) and voluntary (Christians, Muslims, Circassians) military service; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript service obligation - 36 months for men, 21 months for women (2004)
Italy 18 years of age (2004)
Jamaica 18 years of age for voluntary military service; younger recruits may be conscripted with parental consent (2001)
Japan 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Jordan 17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription at age 18 was suspended in 1999, although all males under age 37 are required to register (2004)
Kazakhstan 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; minimum age for volunteers NA (2004)
Kenya 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Korea, North 17 years of age (2004)
Korea, South 20-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 24-28 months, depending on the military branch involved; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; some 4,000 women serve as commissioned and noncommissioned officers, approx. 2.3% of all officers; women, in service since 1950, are admitted to seven service branches, including infantry; excluded from artillery, armor, anti-air, and chaplaincy corps (2005)
Kuwait 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)
Kyrgyzstan 18 years of age for compulsory military service (2001)
Laos 15 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - minimum 18 months (2004)
Latvia 19 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for volunteers; Latvia plans to phase out conscription, tentatively moving to an all-professional force by 2007 (August 2004)
Lebanon 18-30 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months (2004)
Lesotho 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Liberia 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Libya 17 years of age (2004)
Lithuania 19-45 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for volunteers (2004)
Luxembourg a 1967 law made the Army an all-volunteer force; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers under 18 are not deployed into combat or with peacekeeping missions (2004)
Macedonia conscription to be phased out by 2007; current tour of conscript duty is 6 months; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (January 2005)
Madagascar 18 years of age (est.); conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
Malawi 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Malaysia 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2005)
Maldives 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Mali 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
Malta 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Mauritania 18 years of age (est.); conscript service obligation - 2 years; majority of servicemen believed to be volunteers; service in Air Force and Navy is voluntary (April 2005)
Mexico 18 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment (2004)
Moldova 18 years of age for compulsory military service; national service obligation - 12 months (2004)
Mongolia 18-25 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months (2004)
Morocco 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
Namibia 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Nepal 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Netherlands 20 years of age for an all-volunteer force (2004)
Netherlands Antilles 16 years of age for military recruitment; no conscription (July 2002)
New Zealand 17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18 (2001)
Nicaragua 17 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Niger 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
Nigeria 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Norway 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age in wartime; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women; 16 years of age for volunteers to the Home Guard; conscript service obligation - 12 months (2004)
Oman 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Pakistan 16 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age of 18 (2001)
Papua New Guinea 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Paraguay 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy (2004)
Peru 18 years of age for compulsory military service (1999)
Philippines 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)
Poland 17 years of age for compulsory military service after January 1st of the year of 18th birthday; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; in 2005 Poland plans to shorten the length of conscript service obligation from 12 to 9 months; by 2008, plans call for at least 60% of military personnel to be volunteers; only soldiers who have completed their conscript service are allowed to volunteer for professional service; as of April 2004 women are only allowed to serve as officers and non-commissioned officers (April 2004)
Portugal 18 years of age for voluntary military service; compulsory military service was ended in 2004 (January 2005)
Qatar 18 years of age for voluntary military service; Land Force's enlisted personnel are largely nonprofessional foreign nationals (2005)
Reunion 18 years of age (2004)
Romania 20 years of age for compulsory military service, 18 in wartime; conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2004)
Russia 18-27 years of age; males are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; 200,000 conscripts were inducted into the armed forces in 2003; length of compulsory military service is 2 years; plans as of August 2004 call for reduction in mandatory service to 1 year by 2008; 2003 planning calls for volunteer servicemen to compose 70% of armed forces by 2010, with the remaining servicemen consisting of conscripts (August 2004)
Rwanda 16 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Sao Tome and Principe 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Saudi Arabia 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2004)
Senegal 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro 19 years of age (nine months compulsory service) (2004)
Seychelles 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Sierra Leone 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Singapore 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation reduced to 24 months beginning December 2004 (December 2004)
Slovakia complete transition to an all-volunteer professional force is planned for 1 January 2007; 82% of Slovak armed forces were volunteers as of January 2005; volunteers include women, with minimum age of 17 years; 18 years of age for compulsory military service (January 2005)
Slovenia 17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2004)
Somalia 18 years of age (est.) (2001)
South Africa 18 years of age for voluntary military service; women have a long history of military service in non-combat roles - dating back to World War I (2004)
Spain 20 years of age (2004)
Sri Lanka 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Sudan 18-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 3 years (August 2004)
Suriname 18 years of age (est.); no conscription
Swaziland 18 years of age for voluntary military service; both sexes are eligible for military service (2005)
Sweden 19 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 7-17 months depending on conscript role; after completing initial service soldiers have a reserve commitment until the age of 47 (2004)
Switzerland the Swiss Confederation states that "every Swiss male is obligated to do military service"; every Swiss male has to serve for at least 260 days in the armed forces; 19 years of age for compulsory military service; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscripts receive 15 weeks of compulsory training, followed by 10 intermittent recalls for training over the next 22 years; women are accepted on a voluntary basis, but are not drafted (2005)
Syria 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 30 months (2004)
Taiwan 19-40 years of age for military service (being lowered to 35 years of age in July 2005); service obligation 22 months (being shortened to 18 months in July 2005 and 12 months in 2008) (2005)
Tajikistan 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
Tanzania 15 years of age for voluntary military service; 18 years of age for compulsory military service upon graduation from secondary school; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
Thailand 21 years of age for compulsory military service; males are registered at 18 years of age; conscript service obliation - 2 years; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2004)
Togo 18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2001)
Tonga 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Tunisia 20 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2004)
Turkey 20 years of age (2004)
Turkmenistan 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
Uganda 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military duty; the government has stated that recruitment below that age could occur with proper consent and that "no person under the apparent age of 13 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces"
Ukraine 18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months for Army and Air Force, 24 months for Navy (2004)
United Arab Emirates 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
United Kingdom 16 years of age for voluntary military service (January 2004)
United States 18 years of age (2004)
Uruguay 18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2001)
Uzbekistan 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months (2004)
Venezuela 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 30 months (2004)
Vietnam 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
Yemen 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
Zambia 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Zimbabwe 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2025 Manpower fit for military service
Afghanistan males age 22-49: 2,662,946 (2005 est.)
Albania males age 19-49: 668,526 (2005 est.)
Algeria males age 19-49: 6,590,079 (2005 est.)
Angola males age 17-49: 1,174,548 (2005 est.)
Argentina males age 18-49: 7,316,038 (2005 est.)
Armenia males age 18-49: 551,938 (2005 est.)
Australia males age 16-49: 4,092,717 (2005 est.)
Austria males age 18-49: 1,550,441 (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan males age 18-49: 1,314,955 (2005 est.)
Bahrain males age 18-49: 161,372 (2005 est.)
Bangladesh males age 18-49: 26,841,255 (2005 est.)
Barbados males age 18-49: 51,298 (2005 est.)
Belarus males age 18-49: 1,657,984 (2005 est.)
Belgium males age 16-49: 1,998,003 (2005 est.)
Belize males age 18-49: 41,368 (2005 est.)
Benin males age 21-49: 670,170 females age 21-49: 630,078 (2005 est.)
Bhutan males age 18-49: 314,975 (2005 est.)
Bolivia males age 18-49: 1,311,414 (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina males age 18-49: 829,530 (2005 est.)
Botswana males age 18-49: 136,322 (2005 est.)
Brazil males age 19-49: 33,119,098 (2005 est.)
Brunei males age 18-49: approx. 85,045 (2005 est.)
Bulgaria males age 18-49: 1,302,037 (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso males age 18-49: 1,323,548 (2005 est.)
Burma males age 18-49: 6,512,923 females age 18-49: 6,789,720 (2005 est.)
Burundi males age 16-49: 693,956 (2005 est.)
Cambodia males age 18-49: 1,844,144 (2005 est.)
Cameroon males age 18-49: 1,720,385 (2005 est.)
Canada males age 16-49: 6,740,490 (2005 est.)
Cape Verde males age 18-49: 65,614 (2005 est.)
Central African Republic males age 18-49: 330,255 (2005 est.)
Chad males age 20-49: 834,695 (2005 est.)
Chile males age 18-49: 3,123,281 (2005 est.)
China males age 18-49: 281,240,272 (2005 est.)
Colombia males age 18-49: 6,986,228 (2005 est.)
Comoros males age 18-49: 98,792 (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the males age 18-49: 5,851,292 (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the males age 18-49: 360,492 (2005 est.)
Costa Rica males age 18-49: 829,874 (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire males age 18-49: 1,973,265 (2005 est.)
Croatia males age 18-49: 725,914 (2005 est.)
Cuba males age 17-49: 2,441,927 females age 17-49: 2,396,741 (2005 est.)
Cyprus males age 18-49: 150,750 (2005 est.)
Czech Republic males age 18-49: 1,996,631 (2005 est.)
Denmark males age 18-49: 955,168 (2005 est.)
Djibouti males age 18-49: 46,020 (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic males age 18-49: 1,420,693 (2005 est.)
East Timor males age 18-49: NA
Ecuador males age 20-49: 2,338,428 (2005 est.)
Egypt males age 18-49: 15,540,234 (2005 est.)
El Salvador males age 18-49: 960,315 (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea males age 18-49: 66,379 (2005 est.)
Eritrea males age 18-49: NA (2005)
Estonia males age 18-49: 200,382 (2005 est.) note - in 2004, 51% of the young men called up for service were determined to be unfit; main obstacles to conscription were psychiatric and behavioral
Ethiopia males age 18-49: 8,072,755 (2005 est.)
Fiji males age 18-49: 163,960 (2005 est.)
Finland males age 18-49: 913,617 (2005 est.)
France males age 17-49: 11,262,661 (2005 est.)
French Guiana males age 18-49: 38,676 (2005 est.)
Gabon males age 18-49: 156,632 (2005 est.)
Gambia, The males age 18-49: 188,117 (2005 est.)
Georgia males age 18-49: 827,281 (2005 est.)
Germany males age 18-49: 15,258,931 (2005 est.)
Ghana males age 18-49: 2,721,239 (2005 est.)
Greece males age 18-49: 2,018,557 (2005 est.)
Guatemala males age 18-49: 2,106,847 (2005 est.)
Guinea males age 18-49: 1,038,036 (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau males age 18-49: 152,760 (2005 est.)
Guyana males age 18-49: 137,964 (2005 est.)
Haiti males age 18-49: 948,320 (2005 est.)
Honduras males age 18-49: 955,019 (2005 est.)
Hong Kong males age 18-49: 1,403,088 (2005 est.)
Hungary males age 18-49: 1,780,513 (2005 est.)
Iceland males age 18-49: 56,777 (2005 est.)
India males age 16-49: 219,471,999 (2005 est.)
Indonesia males age 18-49: 48,687,234 (2005 est.)
Iran males age 18-49: 15,665,725 (2005 est.)
Iraq males age 18-49: 4,930,074 (2005 est.)
Ireland males age 17-49: 814,768 (2005 est.)
Israel males age 17-49: 1,255,902 females age 17-49: 1,212,394 (2005 est.)
Italy males age 18-49: 10,963,513 (2005 est.)
Jamaica males age 18-49: 587,006 (2005 est.)
Japan males age 18-49: 22,234,663 (2005 est.)
Jordan males age 17-49: 1,348,076 (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan males age 18-49: 2,473,529 (2005 est.)
Kenya males age 18-49: 3,963,532 (2005 est.)
Korea, North males age 17-49: 4,810,831 (2005 est.)
Korea, South males age 20-49: 9,932,026 (2005 est.)
Kuwait males age 18-49: 737,292 (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan males age 18-49: 871,493 (2005 est.)
Laos males age 15-49: 954,816 (2005 est.)
Latvia males age 19-49: 361,098 (2005 est.)
Lebanon males age 18-49: 821,762 (2005 est.)
Lesotho males age 18-49: 162,857 (2005 est.)
Liberia males age 18-49: 360,373 (2005 est.)
Libya males age 17-49: 1,291,624 (2005 est.)
Lithuania males age 19-49: 590,606 (2005 est.)
Luxembourg males age 17-49: 90,279 (2005 est.)
Macau males age 18-49: 91,299 (2005 est.)
Macedonia males age 18-49: 411,156 (2005 est.)
Madagascar males age 18-49: 2,218,662 (2005 est.)
Malawi males age 18-49: 995,084 (2005 est.)
Malaysia males age 18-49: 4,574,854 (2005 est.)
Maldives males age 18-49: 56,687 (2005 est.)
Mali males age 18-49: 1,231,930 (2005 est.)
Malta males age 18-49: 74,525 (2005 est.)
Mauritania males age 18-49: 370,513 (2005 est.)
Mauritius males age 18-49: 248,659 (2005 est.)
Mexico males age 18-49: 19,058,337 (2005 est.)
Moldova males age 18-49: 693,913 (2005 est.)
Mongolia males age 18-49: 570,435 (2005 est.)
Morocco males age 18-49: 6,484,787 (2005 est.)
Mozambique males age 18-49: 1,751,223 (2005 est.)
Namibia males age 18-49: 217,118 (2005 est.)
Nauru males age 18-49: 1,963 (2005 est.)
Nepal males age 18-49: 4.193 million (2005 est.)
Netherlands males age 20-49: 2,856,691 (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles males age 16-49: 45,273 (2005 est.)
New Zealand males age 17-49: 809,519 (2005 est.)
Nicaragua males age 17-49: 1,051,425 (2005 est.)
Niger males age 18-49: 1,180,027 (2005 est.)
Nigeria males age 18-49: 15,053,936 (2005 est.)
Norway males age 18-49: 827,016 (2005 est.)
Oman males age 18-49: 581,444 (2005 est.)
Pakistan males age 16-49: 29,428,747 (2005 est.)
Panama males age 18-49: 511,905 (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea males age 18-49: 902,432 (2005 est.)
Paraguay males age 18-49: 1,109,166 (2005 est.)
Peru males age 18-49: 4,938,417 (2005 est.)
Philippines males age 18-49: 15,170,096 (2005 est.)
Poland males age 17-49: 7,740,164 (2005 est.)
Portugal males age 18-49: 1,952,819 (2005 est.)
Qatar males age 18-49: 238,566 (2005 est.)
Reunion males age 18-49: 142,578 (2005 est.)
Romania males age 20-49: 3,932,579 (2005 est.)
Russia males age 18-49: 21,049,651 (2005 est.)
Rwanda males age 16-49: 1,103,823 (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe males age 18-49: 25,950 (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia males age 18-49: 6,592,709 (2005 est.)
Senegal males age 18-49: 1,300,502 (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro males age 19-49: 1,959,166 (2005 est.)
Seychelles males age 18-49: 16,122 (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone males age 18-49: 552,785 (2005 est.)
Singapore males age 18-49: 982,368 (2005 est.)
Slovakia males age 18-49: 1,089,645 (2005 est.)
Slovenia males age 17-49: 405,593 (2005 est.)
Somalia males age 18-49: 1,022,360 (2005 est.)
South Africa males age 18-49: 4,927,757 (2005 est.)
Spain males age 20-49: 7,623,356 (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka males age 18-49: 3,789,627 (2005 est.)
Sudan males age 18-49: 5,427,474 (2005 est.)
Suriname males age 18-49: 77,793 (2005 est.)
Swaziland males age 18-49: 98,530 (2005 est.)
Sweden males age 19-49: 1,493,668 (2005 est.)
Switzerland males age 19-49: 1,375,889 (2005 est.)
Syria males age 18-49: 3,453,888 (2005 est.)
Taiwan males age 19-49: 4,749,537 (2005 est.)
Tajikistan males age 18-49: 1,244,941 (2005 est.)
Tanzania males age 18-49: 3,879,630 (2005 est.)
Thailand males age 21-49: 10,342,337 (2005 est.)
Togo males age 18-49: 629,933 (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago males age 18-49: 203,531 (2005 est.)
Tunisia males age 20-49: 2,035,431 (2005 est.)
Turkey males age 20-49: 13,905,901 (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan males age 18-49: 759,978 (2005 est.)
Uganda males age 18-49: 2,889,808 (2005 est.)
Ukraine males age 18-49: 7,114,337 (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates males age 18-49: 526,671 (2005 est.)
United Kingdom males age 16-49: 12,046,268 (2005 est.)
United States males age 18-49: 54,609,050 females age 18-49: 54,696,706 (2005 est.)
Uruguay males age 18-49: 637,445 (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan males age 18-49: 4,609,621 (2005 est.)
Venezuela males age 18-49: 4,907,947 (2005 est.)
Vietnam males age 18-49: 16,032,358 (2005 est.)
Yemen males age 18-49: 2,790,705 (2005 est.)
Zambia males age 18-49: 1,043,702 (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe males age 18-49: 1,148,590 (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2026 Manpower reaching military service age annually
Afghanistan males: 275,362 (2005 est.)
Albania males: 37,407 (2005 est.)
Algeria males: 374,639 (2005 est.)
Angola males: 121,254 (2005 est.)
Argentina males: 344,575 (2005 est.)
Armenia males: 31,774 (2005 est.)
Australia males: 142,158 (2005 est.)
Austria males: 48,967 (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan males: 82,358 (2005 est.)
Bahrain males: 6,013 (2005 est.)
Belarus males: 85,202 (2005 est.)
Belgium males: 64,263 (2005 est.)
Belize males: 3,209 (2005 est.)
Benin males: 72,841 females: 71,428 (2005 est.)
Bhutan males: 23,939 (2005 est.)
Bolivia males: 101,101 (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina males: 31,264 (2005 est.)
Botswana males: 21,103 (2005 est.)
Brazil males: 1,785,930 (2005 est.)
Brunei males: 3,478 (2005 est.)
Bulgaria males: 51,023 (2005 est.)
Burma males: 440,914 females: 427,382 (2005 est.)
Burundi males: 84,597 (2005 est.)
Cambodia males: 175,305 (2005 est.)
Cameroon males: 188,662 (2005 est.)
Canada males: 223,821 (2005 est.)
Chad males: 95,228 (2005 est.)
Chile males: 140,084 (2005 est.)
China males: 13,186,433 (2005 est.)
Colombia males: 389,735 (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the males: 34,281 (2005 est.)
Costa Rica males: 41,097 (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire males: 189,354 (2005 est.)
Croatia males: 29,020 (2005 est.)
Cuba males: 91,901 females: 87,500 (2005 est.)
Cyprus males: 6,578 (2005 est.)
Czech Republic males: 66,583 (2005 est.)
Denmark males: 31,317 (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic males: 91,597 (2005 est.)
East Timor NA
Ecuador males: 133,922 (2005 est.)
Egypt males: 802,920 (2005 est.)
El Salvador males: 70,286 (2005 est.)
Estonia males: 11,146 (2005 est.)
Ethiopia males: 803,777 (2005 est.)
Fiji males: 9,266 (2005 est.)
Finland males: 32,040 (2005 est.)
France males: 389,204 (2005 est.)
Gabon males: 15,150 (2005 est.)
Georgia males: 38,857 (2005 est.)
Germany males: 497,048 (2005 est.)
Ghana males: 250,782 (2005 est.)
Greece males: 58,399 (2005 est.)
Guatemala males: 161,964 (2005 est.)
Haiti males: 98,554 (2005 est.)
Honduras males: 77,399 (2005 est.)
Hong Kong males: 40,343 (2005 est.)
Hungary males: 63,847 (2005 est.)
India males: 11,446,452 (2005 est.)
Indonesia males: 2,201,047 (2005 est.)
Iran males: 862,056 (2005 est.)
Iraq males: 298,518 (2005 est.)
Ireland males: 29,327 (2005 est.)
Israel males: 53,760 females: 51,293 (2005 est.)
Italy males: 286,344 (2005 est.)
Jamaica males: 26,080 (2005 est.)
Japan males: 683,147 (2005 est.)
Jordan males: 60,625 (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan males: 173,129 (2005 est.)
Korea, North males: 194,605 (2005 est.)
Korea, South males: 344,723 (2005 est.)
Kuwait males: 18,743 (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan males: 61,091 (2005 est.)
Laos males: 73,167 (2005 est.)
Latvia males: 19,137 (2005 est.)
Libya males: 62,034 (2005 est.)
Lithuania males: 29,689 (2005 est.)
Luxembourg males: 2,775 (2005 est.)
Macedonia males: 16,686 (2005 est.)
Madagascar males: 187,000 (2005 est.)
Malaysia males: 244,418 (2005 est.)
Mexico males: 1,063,233 (2005 est.)
Moldova males: 43,729 (2005 est.)
Mongolia males: 34,674 (2005 est.)
Morocco males: 353,377 (2005 est.)
Nepal males: 308,031 (2005 est.)
Netherlands males: 99,934 (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles males: 1,720 (2005 est.)
New Zealand males: 29,738 (2005 est.)
Nicaragua males: 65,170 (2005 est.)
Niger males: 126,719 (2005 est.)
Nigeria males: 1,353,161 (2005 est.)
Norway males: 29,179 (2005 est.)
Oman males: 26,391 (2005 est.)
Pakistan males: 1,969,055 (2005 est.)
Paraguay males: 63,058 (2005 est.)
Peru males: 277,105 (2005 est.)
Philippines males: 907,542 (2005 est.)
Poland males: 275,521 (2005 est.)
Portugal males: 67,189 (2005 est.)
Qatar males: 7,851 (2005 est.)
Reunion males: 7,339 (2005 est.)
Romania males: 172,093 (2005 est.)
Russia males: 1,286,069 (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia males: 247,334 (2005 est.)
Senegal males: 124,096 (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro males: 81,033 (2005 est.)
Slovakia males: 41,544 (2005 est.)
Slovenia males: 12,816 (2005 est.)
South Africa males: 512,407 (2005 est.)
Spain males: 233,384 (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka males: 174,049 (2005 est.)
Sudan males: 442,915 (2005 est.)
Sweden males: 58,724 (2005 est.)
Switzerland males: 46,319 (2005 est.)
Syria males: 225,113 (2005 est.)
Taiwan males: 174,173 (2005 est.)
Tajikistan males: 87,846 (2005 est.)
Thailand males: 530,493 (2005 est.)
Tunisia males: 108,817 (2005 est.)
Turkey males: 679,734 (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan males: 56,532 (2005 est.)
Ukraine males: 378,176 (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates males: 30,706 (2005 est.)
United States males: 2,143,873 females: 2,036,201 (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan males: 324,722 (2005 est.)
Venezuela males: 252,396 (2005 est.)
Vietnam males: 915,572 (2005 est.)
Yemen males: 236,517 (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2028 Background
Afghanistan Afghanistan's recent history is a story of war and civil unrest. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979, but was forced to withdraw 10 years later by anti-Communist mujahidin forces. The Communist regime in Kabul collapsed in 1992. Fighting that subsequently erupted among the various mujahidin factions eventually helped to spawn the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that fought to end the warlordism and civil war that gripped the country. The Taliban seized Kabul in 1996 and were able to capture most of the country outside of Northern Alliance strongholds primarily in the northeast. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama BIN LADIN. In late 2001, a conference in Bonn, Germany, established a process for political reconstruction that ultimately resulted in the adoption of a new constitution and presidential election in 2004. On 9 October 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan. The new Afghan government's next task is to hold National Assembly elections, tentatively scheduled for April 2005.
Akrotiri By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers in total: Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area.
Albania Between 1990 and 1992 Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic Communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven difficult as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, a dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks with links to government officials, and disruptive political opponents. Albania has made incremental progress in its democratic development since first holding multiiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain - particularly in regard to the rule of law. Despite some lingering problems, international observers have judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. In the 2005 general elections, the Democratic Party and its allies won a decisive victory on pledges of reducing crime and corruption, promoting economic growth, and decreasing the size of government. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, the country is still one of the poorest in Europe, hampered by a large informal economy, large public debt, and an inadequate energy and tranportation infrastructure. Albania has played a largely helpful role in managing inter-ethnic tensions in southeastern Europe, and is continuing to work toward joining NATO and the EU.
Algeria After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), has dominated politics ever since. Many Algerians in the subsequent generation were not satisfied, however, and moved to counter the FLN's centrality in Algerian politics. The surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting spurred the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crack down on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. The government later allowed elections featuring pro-government and moderate religious-based parties, but did not appease the activists who progressively widened their attacks. The fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense fighting between 1992-98 and which resulted in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. However, small numbers of armed militants persist in confronting government forces and conducting ambushes and occasional attacks on villages. The army placed Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA in the presidency in 1999 in a fraudulent election but claimed neutrality in his 2004 landslide reelection victory. Longstanding problems continue to face BOUTEFLIKA in his second term, including the ethnic minority Berbers' ongoing autonomy campaign, large-scale unemployment, a shortage of housing, unreliable electrical and water supplies, government inefficiencies and corruption, and the continuing - although significantly degraded - activities of extremist militants. Algeria must also diversify its petroleum-based economy, which has yielded a large cash reserve but which has not been used to redress Algeria's many social and infrastructure problems. Algeria assumed a two-year seat on the UN Security Council in January 2004.
American Samoa Settled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year.
Andorra For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.
Angola Angola has begun to enjoy the fruits of peace since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but UNITA renewed fighting after being beaten by the MPLA at the polls. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS has pledged to hold national elections in 2006.
Anguilla Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency, along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980, with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency.
Antarctica Speculation over the existence of a "southern land" was not confirmed until the early 1820s when British and American commercial operators and British and Russian national expeditions began exploring the Antarctic Peninsula region and other areas south of the Antarctic Circle. Not until 1840 was it established that Antarctica was indeed a continent and not just a group of islands. Several exploration "firsts" were achieved in the early 20th century. Following World War II, there was an upsurge in scientific research on the continent. A number of countries have set up year-round research stations on Antarctica. Seven have made territorial claims, but not all countries recognize these claims. In order to form a legal framework for the activities of nations on the continent, an Antarctic Treaty was negotiated that neither denies nor gives recognition to existing territorial claims; signed in 1959, it entered into force in 1961.
Antigua and Barbuda The Siboney were the first to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak and Carib Indians populated the islands when Columbus landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early settlements by the Spanish and French were succeeded by the English who formed a colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.
Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Argentina Following independence from Spain in 1816, Argentina experienced periods of internal political conflict between conservatives and liberals and between civilian and military factions. After World War II, a long period of Peronist authoritarian rule and interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983, and numerous elections since then have underscored Argentina's progress in democratic consolidation.
Armenia Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. It was incorporated into Russia in 1828 and the USSR in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Muslim Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. Turkey imposed an economic blockade on Armenia and closed the common border because of the Armenian occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas.
Aruba Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. The island's economy has been dominated by three main industries. A 19th century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by the opening in 1924 of an oil refinery. The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry. Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became a separate, autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in 1990.
Ashmore and Cartier Islands These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). The Kiel Canal (Germany), Oresund (Denmark-Sweden), Bosporus (Turkey), Strait of Gibraltar (Morocco-Spain), and the Saint Lawrence Seaway (Canada-US) are important strategic access waterways. The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth world ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Atlantic Ocean south of 60 degrees south.
Australia Aboriginal settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia about 40,000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession in the name of Great Britain. Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop its agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the British effort in World Wars I and II. In recent decades, Australia has transformed itself into an internationally competitive, advanced market economy. It boasted one of the OECD's fastest growing economies during the 1990's, a performance due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980's. Long-term concerns include pollution, particularly depletion of the ozone layer, and management and conservation of coastal areas, especially the Great Barrier Reef.
Austria Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's "perpetual neutrality" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. Following the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the European Union in 1995, some Austrians have called into question this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999.
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan - a nation with a Turkic and majority-Muslim population - regained its independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite a 1994 cease-fire, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh enclave (largely Armenian populated). Azerbaijan has lost 16% of its territory and must support some 571,000 internally displaced persons as a result of the conflict. Corruption is ubiquitous and the promise of widespread wealth from Azerbaijan's undeveloped petroleum resources remains largely unfulfilled.
Bahamas, The Arawak Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher Columbus first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas have prospered through tourism and international banking and investment management. Because of its geography, the country is a major transshipment point for illegal drugs, particularly shipments to the US, and its territory is used for smuggling illegal migrants into the US.
Bahrain Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In October 2002, Bahrainis elected members of the lower house of Bahrain's reconstituted bicameral legislature, the National Assembly.
Baker Island The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island - as well as on nearby Howland Island - but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.
Bangladesh Bangladesh came into existence in 1971 when Bengali East Pakistan seceded from its union with West Pakistan. About a third of this extremely poor country floods annually during the monsoon rainy season, hampering economic development.
Barbados The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. Slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island until 1834 when slavery was abolished. The economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance.
Bassas da India This atoll is a volcanic rock surrounded by reefs and is awash at high tide. A French possession since 1897, it was placed under the administration of a commissioner residing in Reunion in 1968.
Belarus After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than any of the other former Soviet republics. Belarus and Russia signed a treaty on a two-state union on 8 December 1999 envisioning greater political and economic integration. Although Belarus agreed to a framework to carry out the accord, serious implementation has yet to take place. Since his election in July 1995 as the country's first president, Alexander LUKASHENKO has steadily consolidated his power through authoritarian means. Government restrictions on freedom of speech and the press, peaceful assembly, and religion continue.
Belgium Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830 and was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. It has prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. Tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemings of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy.
Belize Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize (formerly British Honduras) until 1981. Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation until 1992. Tourism has become the mainstay of the economy. The country remains plagued by high unemployment, growing involvement in the South American drug trade, and increasing urban crime.
Benin Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a prominent West African kingdom that rose in the 15th century. The territory became a French Colony in 1872 and achieved independence on 1 August 1960, as the Republic of Benin. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged.
Bermuda Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Bhutan In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of the refugees are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps.
Bolivia Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in 1982, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and illegal drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, resolving disputes with coca growers over Bolivia's counterdrug efforts, and waging an anticorruption campaign.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991, was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "Greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Agreement retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a joint multi-ethnic and democratic government. This national government was charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government comprised of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments were charged with overseeing most government functions. The Office of the High Representative (OHR) was established to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004; their mission was to maintain peace and stability throughout the country.
Botswana Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.
Bouvet Island This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825, when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters were designated a nature reserve. Since 1977, Norway has run an automated meteorological station on the island.
Brazil Following three centuries under the rule of Portugal, Brazil became an independent nation in 1822. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil overcame more than half a century of military intervention in the governance of the country when in 1985 the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader. Highly unequal income distribution remains a pressing problem.
British Indian Ocean Territory Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order that had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
British Virgin Islands First settled by the Dutch in 1648, the islands were annexed in 1672 by the English. The economy is closely tied to the larger and more populous US Virgin Islands to the west; the US dollar is the legal currency.
Brunei The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world.
Bulgaria The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. Today, reforms and democratization keep Bulgaria on a path toward eventual integration into the EU. The country joined NATO in 2004.
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated military coups during the 1970s and 1980s were followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Burkina Faso's high population density and limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the majority of its citizens. Recent unrest in Cote d'Ivoire and northern Ghana has hindered the ability of several hundred thousand seasonal Burkinabe farm workers to find employment in neighboring countries.
Burma Britain conquered Burma over a period of 62 years (1824-1886) and incorporated it into its Indian Empire. Burma was administered as a province of India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony; independence from the Commonwealth was attained in 1948. Gen. NE WIN dominated the government from 1962 to 1988, first as military ruler, then as self-appointed president, and later as political kingpin. Despite multiparty legislative elections in 1990 that resulted in the main opposition party - the National League for Democracy (NLD) - winning a landslide victory, the ruling junta refused to hand over power. NLD leader and Nobel Peace Prize recipient AUNG SAN SUU KYI, who was under house arrest from 1989 to 1995 and 2000 to 2002, was imprisoned in May 2003 and is currently under house arrest. In December 2004, the junta announced it was extending her detention for at least an additional year. Her supporters, as well as all those who promote democracy and improved human rights, are routinely harassed or jailed.
Burundi Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only one hundred days in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundi troops, seeking to secure their borders, briefly intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, signed a power-sharing agreement with the largest rebel faction in December 2003 and set in place a provisional constitution in October 2004. Implementation of the agreement has been problematic, however, as one remaining rebel group refuses to sign on and elections have been repeatedly delayed, clouding prospects for a sustainable peace.
Cambodia Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, whose Angkor Empire extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Subsequently, attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire ushering in a long period of decline. In 1863, the king of Cambodia placed the country under French protection; it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia became independent within the French Union in 1949 and fully independent in 1953. After a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in April 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; at least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, enforced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, led to a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy and the final elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The July 2003 elections were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. Nation-wide local elections are scheduled for 2007 and national elections for 2008.
Cameroon The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy.
Canada A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. Canada's paramount political problem is meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care and education services after a decade of budget cuts. The issue of reconciling Quebec's francophone heritage with the majority anglophone Canadian population has moved to the back burner in recent years; support for separatism abated after the Quebec government's referendum on independence failed to pass in October of 1995.
Cape Verde The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cape Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cape Verde continues to exhibit one of Africa's most stable democratic governments. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cape Verde's expatriate population is greater than its domestic one. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents.
Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands were colonized from Jamaica by the British during the 18th and 19th centuries. Administered by Jamaica since 1863, they remained a British dependency after 1962 when the former became independent.
Central African Republic The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. After three tumultuous decades of misrule - mostly by military governments - civilian rule was established in 1993 and lasted for one decade. President Ange-Felix PATASSE's civilian government was plagued by unrest, and in March 2003 he was deposed in a military coup led by General Francois BOZIZE, who has since established a transitional government. Though the government has the tacit support of civil society groups and the main parties, a wide field of affiliated and independent candidates will contest the municipal, legislative, and presidential elections scheduled for February 2005. The government still does not fully control the countryside, where pockets of lawlessness persist.
Chad Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually suppressed or came to terms with most political-military groups, settled a territorial dispute with Libya on terms favorable to Chad, drafted a democratic constitution, and held multiparty presidential elections in 1996 and 1997. In 1998, a new rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite two peace agreements signed in 2002 and 2003 between the government and the rebels. Despite movement toward democratic reform, power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority.
Chile Prior to the coming of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern Chile was under Inca rule while Araucanian Indians inhabited central and southern Chile; the latter were not completely subjugated until the early 1880s. Although Chile declared its independence in 1810, decisive victory over the Spanish was not achieved until 1818. In the War of the Pacific (1879-84), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia and won its present northern lands. A three-year-old Marxist government of Salvador ALLENDE was overthrown in 1973 by a dictatorial military regime led by Augusto PINOCHET, who ruled until a freely elected president was installed in 1990. Sound economic policies, maintained consistently since the 1980s, have contributed to steady growth and have helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. Chile has increasingly assumed regional and international leadership roles befitting its status as a stable, democratic nation.
China For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight.
Christmas Island Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Clipperton Island This isolated island was named for John CLIPPERTON, a pirate who made it his hideout early in the 18th century. Annexed by France in 1855, it was seized by Mexico in 1897. Arbitration eventually awarded the island to France, which took possession in 1935.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands There are 27 coral islands in the group. Captain William KEELING discovered the islands in 1609, but they remained uninhabited until the 19th century. Annexed by the UK in 1857, they were transferred to the Australian Government in 1955. The population on the two inhabited islands generally is split between the ethnic Europeans on West Island and the ethnic Malays on Home Island.
Colombia Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A 40-year insurgent campaign to overthrow the Colombian Government escalated during the 1990s, undergirded in part by funds from the drug trade. Although the violence is deadly and large swaths of the countryside are under guerrilla influence, the movement lacks the military strength or popular support necessary to overthrow the government. An anti-insurgent army of paramilitaries has grown to several thousand strong in recent years, challenging the insurgents for control of territory and the drug trade, and also the government's ability to exert its dominion over rural areas. While Bogota steps up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, neighboring countries worry about the violence spilling over their borders.
Comoros Unstable Comoros has endured 19 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared their independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power. He pledged to resolve the secessionist crisis through a confederal arrangement named the 2000 Fomboni Accord. In December 2001, voters approved a new constitution and presidential elections took place in the spring of 2002. Each island in the archipelago elected its own president and a new union president took office in May of 2002.
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Established as a Belgian colony in 1908, the Republic of the Congo gained its independence in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several subsequent sham elections as well as through the use of brutal force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from fighting in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion led by Laurent KABILA. He renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by an insurrection backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Zimbabwe, Angola, Namibia, Chad, and Sudan intervened to support the Kinshasa regime. A cease-fire was signed in July 1999 by the DROC, Zimbabwe, Angola, Uganda, Namibia, Rwanda, and Congolese armed rebel groups, but sporadic fighting continued. Laurent KABILA was assassinated in January 2001 and his son Joseph KABILA was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president was successful in negotiating the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying eastern Congo; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. A transitional government was set up in July 2003; Joseph KABILA remains as president and is joined by four vice presidents representing the former government, former rebel groups, and the political opposition.
Congo, Republic of the Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. A quarter century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990 and a democratically elected government installed in 1992. A brief civil war in 1997 restored former Marxist President SASSOU-NGUESSO, but ushered in a period of ethnic unrest. Southern-based rebel groups agreed to a final peace accord in March 2003, but the calm is tenuous and refugees continue to present a humanitarian crisis. The Republic of Congo is one of Africa's largest petroleum producers with significant potential for offshore development.
Cook Islands Named after Captain COOK, who sighted them in 1770, the islands became a British protectorate in 1888. By 1900, administrative control was transferred to New Zealand; in 1965 residents chose self-government in free association with New Zealand. The emigration of skilled workers to New Zealand and government deficits are continuing problems.
Coral Sea Islands Scattered over some 1 million square kilometers of ocean, the Coral Sea Islands were declared a territory of Australia in 1969. They are uninhabited except for a small meteorological staff on the Willis Islets. Automated weather stations, beacons, and a lighthouse occupy many other islands and reefs.
Costa Rica Costa Rica is a Central American success story: since the late 19th century, only two brief periods of violence have marred its democratic development. Although still a largely agricultural country, it has expanded its economy to include strong technology and tourism sectors. The standard of living is relatively high. Land ownership is widespread.
Cote d'Ivoire Close ties to France since independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment made Cote d'Ivoire one of the most prosperous of the tropical African states, but did not protect it from political turmoil. On 25 December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote d'Ivoire's history - overthrew the government led by President Henri Konan BEDIE. Junta leader Robert GUEI held elections in late 2000, but excluded prominent opposition leader Alassane OUATTARA, blatantly rigged the polling results, and declared himself winner. Popular protest forced GUEI to step aside and brought runner-up Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivorian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002. Rebel forces claimed the northern half of the country and in January 2003 were granted ministerial positions in a unity government under the auspices of the Linas-Marcoussis Peace Accord. President GBAGBO and rebel forces resumed implementation of the peace accord in December 2003 after a three-month stalemate, but issues that sparked the civil war, such as land reform and grounds for nationality remain unresolved. The central government has yet to exert control over the northern regions and tensions remain high between GBAGBO and rebel leaders. Several thousand French and West African troops remain in Cote d'Ivoire to maintain peace and facilitate the disarmament, demobilization, and rehabilitation process.
Croatia The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998.
Cuba The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule was severe and exploitative and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. It was US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 that finally overthrew Spanish rule. The subsequent Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence, which was granted in 1902 after a three-year transition period. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his iron rule has held the regime together since then. Cuba's Communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The country is now slowly recovering from a severe economic recession in 1990, following the withdrawal of former Soviet subsidies, worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually. Cuba portrays its difficulties as the result of the US embargo in place since 1961. Illicit migration to the US - using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, air flights, or via the southwest border - is a continuing problem. The US Coast Guard intercepted 1,498 individuals attempting to cross the Straits of Florida in 2004.
Cyprus A former British colony, Cyprus received independence in 1960 following years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued forcing most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek-sponsored attempt to seize the government was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish-held area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," but it is recognized only by Turkey. The latest two-year round of UN-brokered direct talks - between the leaders of the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities to reach an agreement to reunite the divided island - ended when the Greek Cypriots rejected the UN settlement plan in an April 2004 referendum. Although only the internationally recognized Greek Cypriot-controlled Republic of Cyprus joined the EU on 1 May 2004, every Cypriot carrying a Cyprus passport will have the status of a European citizen. EU laws, however, will not apply to north Cyprus. Nicosia continues to oppose EU efforts to establish direct trade and economic links to north Cyprus as a way of encouraging the Turkish Cypriot community to continue to support reunification.
Czech Republic Following the First World War, the closely related Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar years, the new country's leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Sudeten Germans and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). After World War II, a truncated Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize Communist party rule and create "socialism with a human face." Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh repression. With the collapse of Soviet authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its freedom through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution." On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.
Denmark Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), European defense cooperation, and issues concerning certain justice and home affairs.
Dhekelia By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers in total: Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The larger of these is the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area.
Djibouti The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 following the conclusion of a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Issa-dominated government. Djibouti's first multi-party presidential elections in 1999 resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH. Djibouti occupies a very strategic geographic location at the mouth of the Red Sea and serves as an important transshipment location for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands. The present leadership favors close ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, but has also developed increasingly stronger ties with the United States in recent years. Djibouti currently hosts the only United States military base in sub-Saharan Africa and is a front-line state in the global war on terrorism.
Dominica Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Great Britain in 1763, which made the island a colony in 1805. In 1980, two years after independence, Dominica's fortunes improved when a corrupt and tyrannical administration was replaced by that of Mary Eugenia CHARLES, the first female prime minister in the Caribbean, who remained in office for 15 years. Some 3,000 Carib Indians still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the eastern Caribbean.
Dominican Republic Explored and claimed by Columbus on his first voyage in 1492, the island of Hispaniola became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of its subsequent history was brought to an end in 1966 when Joaquin BALAGUER became president. He maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. The Dominican economy has had one of the fastest growth rates in the hemisphere over the past decade.
East Timor The Portuguese began to trade with the island of Timor in the early 16th century and colonized it in mid-century. Skirmishing with the Dutch in the region eventually resulted in an 1859 treaty in which Portugal ceded the western portion of the island. Imperial Japan occupied East Timor from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of East Timor. An unsuccessful campaign of pacification followed over the next two decades, during which an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 individuals lost their lives. On 30 August 1999, in a UN-supervised popular referendum, an overwhelming majority of the people of East Timor voted for independence from Indonesia. Between the referendum and the arrival of a multinational peacekeeping force in late September 1999, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution. The militias killed approximately 1,300 Timorese and forcibly pushed 300,000 people into West Timor as refugees. The majority of the country's infrastructure, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, and schools, and nearly 100% of the country's electrical grid were destroyed. On 20 September 1999 the Australian-led peacekeeping troops of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) deployed to the country and brought the violence to an end. On 20 May 2002, East Timor was internationally recognized as an independent state.
Ecuador The "Republic of the Equator" was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Colombia and Venezuela). Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 25 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period has been marred by political instability. Seven presidents have governed Ecuador since 1996.
Egypt The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 B.C. and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. It was the Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century and who ruled for the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. Following the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt became an important world transportation hub, but also fell heavily into debt. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure.
El Salvador El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. This tiny country, composed of a mainland portion plus five inhabited islands, is one of the smallest on the African continent. President OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO has ruled the country for over two decades since seizing power from his uncle, then President MACIAS, in a 1979 coup. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996 and 2002 presidential elections - as well as the 1999 legislative elections - were widely seen as being flawed. The president controls most opposition parties through the judicious use of patronage. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production resulting in a massive increase in government revenue in recent years, there have been few improvements in the country's living standards.
Eritrea Eritrea was awarded to Ethiopia in 1952 as part of a federation. Ethiopia's annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating governmental forces; independence was overwhelmingly approved in a 1993 referendum. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices on 12 December 2000. Eritrea currently hosts a UN peacekeeping operation that is monitoring a 25 km-wide Temporary Security Zone on the border with Ethiopia. An international commission, organized to resolve the border dispute, posted its findings in 2002 but final demarcation is on hold due to Ethiopian objections.
Estonia After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940, it regained its freedom in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with Western Europe. It joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.
Ethiopia Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule, with the exception of the 1936-41 Italian occupation during World War II. In 1974 a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A two and a half year border war with Eritrea ended with a peace treaty on 12 December 2000. Final demarcation of the boundary is currently on hold due to Ethiopian objections to an international commission's finding requiring it to surrender sensitive territory.
Europa Island A French possession since 1897, the island is heavily wooded; it is the site of a small military garrison that staffs a weather station.
European Union Following the two devastating World Wars of the first half of the 20th century, a number of European leaders in the late 1940s became convinced that the only way to establish a lasting peace was to unite the two chief belligerent nations - France and Germany - both economically and politically. In 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed an eventual union of all Europe, the first step of which would be the integration of the coal and steel industries of Western Europe. The following year the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members, Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, signed the Treaty of Paris. The ECSC was so successful that within a few years the decision was made to integrate other parts of the countries' economies. In 1957, the Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the six member states undertook to eliminate trade barriers among themselves by forming a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and they have been held every five years since. In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC took place with the addition of Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The 1980s saw further membership expansion with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further forms of cooperation in foreign and defense policy, in judicial and internal affairs, and in the creation of an economic and monetary union - including a common currency. This further integration created the European Union (EU). In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU, raising the membership total to 15. A new currency, the euro, was launched in world money markets on 1 January 1999; it become the unit of exchange for all of the EU states except the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark. In 2002, citizens of the 12 euro-area countries began using the euro banknotes and coins. Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 - Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia - bringing the current membership to 25. In order to ensure that the EU can continue to function efficiently with an expanded membership, the 2003 Treaty of Nice set forth rules streamlining the size and procedures of EU institutions. An EU Constitutional Treaty, signed in Rome on 29 October 2004, gave member states two years to ratify the document before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006. Referenda held in France and the Netherlands in May-June 2005 that rejected the constitution suspended the ratification effort. Despite the expansion of membership and functions, "Eurosceptics" in various countries have raised questions about the erosion of national cultures and the imposition of a flood of regulations from the EU capital in Brussels. Failure by all member states to ratify the constitution or the inability of newcomer countries to meet euro currency standards might force a loosening of some EU agreements and perhaps lead to several levels of EU participation. These "tiers" might eventually range from an "inner" core of politically integrated countries to a looser "outer" economic association of members.
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Faroe Islands The population of the Faroe Islands is largely descended from Viking settlers who arrived in the 9th century. The islands have been connected politically to Denmark since the 14th century. A high degree of self-government was attained in 1948.
Fiji Fiji became independent in 1970, after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987, caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). A 1990 constitution favored native Melanesian control of Fiji, but led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. Amendments enacted in 1997 made the constitution more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government and gave a mandate to the government of Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE.
Finland Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. As a member of the European Union, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.
France Although ultimately a victor in World Wars I and II, France suffered extensive losses in its empire, wealth, manpower, and rank as a dominant nation-state. Nevertheless, France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. Since 1958, it has constructed a presidential democracy resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier parliamentary democracies. In recent years, its reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved central to the economic integration of Europe, including the introduction of a common exchange currency, the euro, in January 1999. At present, France is at the forefront of efforts to develop the EU's military capabilities to supplement progress toward an EU foreign policy.
French Guiana First settled by the French in 1604, French Guiana was the site of notorious penal settlements until 1951. The European Space Agency launches its communication satellites from Kourou.
French Polynesia The French annexed various Polynesian island groups during the 19th century. In September 1995, France stirred up widespread protests by resuming nuclear testing on the Mururoa atoll after a three-year moratorium. The tests were suspended in January 1996.
French Southern and Antarctic Lands The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840.
Gabon Only two autocratic presidents have ruled Gabon since independence from France in 1960. Gabon's current President, El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba - one of the longest-serving heads of state in the world - has dominated Gabon's political scene for almost four decades. President BONGO introduced a nominal multiparty system and a new constitution in the early 1990s. However, the low turnout and allegations of electoral fraud during the most recent local elections in 2002-03 have exposed the weaknesses of formal political structures in Gabon. Presidential elections scheduled for 2005 are unlikely to bring change since the opposition remains weak, divided, and financially dependent on the current regime. Despite political conditions, a small population, abundant natural resources, and considerable foreign support have helped make Gabon one of the more prosperous and stable African countries.
Gambia, The The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965; it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia with Senegal between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. A military coup in 1994 overthrew the president and banned political activity, but a 1996 constitution and presidential elections, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. The country undertook another round of presidential and legislative elections in late 2001 and early 2002. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH, the leader of the coup, has been elected president in all subsequent elections.
Gaza Strip The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of the interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external and internal security and for public order of settlements and Israeli citizens. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and West Bank began in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, but were derailed by a second intifadah that broke out in September 2000. The resulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel's military response, and instability within the Palestinian Authority continued to undermine progress toward a permanent agreement. Following the death of longtime Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT in November 2004, the election of his successor Mahmud ABBAS in January 2005 brought about a turning point in the conflict. In February 2005 the Israeli Government voted to disengage from the Gaza Strip by dismantling all Israeli settlements and removing all Israeli settlers. This process was completed in September 2005. Nonetheless, Israel maintains offshore maritime control as well as airspace control. The future political status of the Gaza Strip has yet to be determined.
Georgia The region of present-day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries AD and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th to the 13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. Despite myriad problems, some progress on market reforms and democratization has been made since then. An attempt by the government to manipulate legislative elections in November 2003 touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. New elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his National Movement Party.
Germany As Europe's largest economy and most populous nation, Germany remains a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key Western economic and security organizations, the EC, which became the EU, and NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring Eastern productivity and wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.
Ghana Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and a ban on political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election, succeeded him.
Gibraltar Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.
Glorioso Islands A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse.
Greece Greece achieved its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between royalist supporters of the king and communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece was able to join NATO in 1952. A military dictatorship, which in 1967 suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country, lasted seven years. The 1974 democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. Greece joined the European Community or EC in 1981 (which became the EU in 1992); it became the 12th member of the euro zone in 2001.
Greenland The world's largest island, Greenland is about 81% ice-capped. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century and Greenland was made an integral part of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the European Union) with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute over stringent fishing quotas. Greenland was granted self-government in 1979 by the Danish parliament. The law went into effect the following year. Denmark continues to exercise control of Greenland's foreign affairs.
Grenada One of the smallest independent countries in the western hemisphere, Grenada was seized by a Marxist military council on 19 October 1983. Six days later the island was invaded by US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations, which quickly captured the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. Free elections were reinstituted the following year.
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe has been a French possession since 1635. The island of Saint Martin is shared with the Netherlands; its southern portion is named Sint Maarten and is part of the Netherlands Antilles and its northern portion is named Saint-Martin and is part of Guadeloupe
Guam Guam was ceded to the US by Spain in 1898. Captured by the Japanese in 1941, it was retaken by the US three years later. The military installation on the island is one of the most strategically important US bases in the Pacific.
Guatemala The Maya civilization flourished in Guatemala and surrounding regions during the first millennium A.D. After almost three centuries as a Spanish colony, Guatemala won its independence in 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the conflict, which had left more than 100,000 people dead and had created some 1 million refugees.
Guernsey The island of Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy, which held sway in both France and England. The islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II.
Guinea Guinea has had only two presidents since gaining its independence from France in 1958. Lansana CONTE came to power in 1984, when the military seized the government after the death of the first president, Sekou TOURE. Guinea did not hold democratic elections until 1993 when Gen. CONTE (head of the military government) was elected president of the civilian government. He was reelected in 1998 and again in 2003. Unrest in Sierra Leone and Liberia has spilled over into Guinea on several occasions over the past decade, threatening stability and creating humanitarian emergencies.
Guinea-Bissau Since independence from Portugal in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable upheaval. The founding government consisted of a single party system and command economy. In 1980, a military coup established Joao VIEIRA as president and a path to a market economy and multiparty system was implemented. A number of coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him and in 1994 he was elected president in the country's first free elections. A military coup attempt and civil war in 1998 eventually led to VIEIRA's ouster in 1999. In February 2000, an interim government turned over power when opposition leader Kumba YALA took office following two rounds of transparent presidential elections. YALA was ousted in a bloodless coup in September 2003, and Henrique ROSA was sworn in as President. Guinea-Bissau's transition back to democracy will be complicated by its crippled economy, devastated in the civil war.
Guyana Originally a Dutch colony in the 17th century, by 1815 Guyana had become a British possession. The abolition of slavery led to black settlement of urban areas and the importation of indentured servants from India to work the sugar plantations. This ethnocultural divide has persisted and has led to turbulent politics. Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966, but until the early 1990s it was ruled mostly by socialist-oriented governments. In 1992, Cheddi JAGAN was elected president, in what is considered the country's first free and fair election since independence. Upon his death five years later, he was succeeded by his wife Janet, who resigned in 1999 due to poor health. Her successor, Bharrat JAGDEO, was reelected in 2001.
Haiti The native Arawak Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Columbus in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola, and in 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island - Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE and after a prolonged struggle, became the first black republic to declare its independence in 1804. Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history. It is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere.
Heard Island and McDonald Islands These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.
Holy See (Vatican City) Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.
Honduras Once part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and a half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting leftist guerrillas. The country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed about 5,600 people and caused approximately $2 billion in damage.
Hong Kong Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Howland Island Discovered by the US early in the 19th century, the island was officially claimed by the US in 1857. Both US and British companies mined for guano until about 1890. Earhart Light is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast that was partially destroyed during World War II, but has since been rebuilt; it is named in memory of the famed aviatrix Amelia EARHART. The island is administered by the US Department of the Interior as a National Wildlife Refuge.
Hungary Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004.
Iceland Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Limited home rule from Denmark was granted in 1874 and complete independence attained in 1944. Literacy, longevity, income, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards.
India The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, dates back at least 5,000 years. Aryan tribes from the northwest invaded about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. Arab incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish in the 12th were followed by those of European traders, beginning in the late 15th century. By the 19th century, Britain had assumed political control of virtually all Indian lands. Indian armed forces in the British army played a vital role in both World Wars. Nonviolent resistance to British colonialism led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU brought independence in 1947. The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of India and the smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war between the two countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. Despite impressive gains in economic investment and output, India faces pressing problems such as the ongoing dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir, massive overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and ethnic and religious strife.
Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south.
Indonesia The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; the islands were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence after Japan's surrender, but it required four years of intermittent negotiations, recurring hostilities, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to relinquish its colony. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state. Current issues include: alleviating widespread poverty, preventing terrorism, continuing the transition to popularly-elected governments after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing reforms of the banking sector, addressing charges of cronyism and corruption, and holding the military and police accountable for human rights violations. Indonesia has been dealing with armed separatist movements in Aceh and in Papua.
Iran Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and the shah was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority nominally vested in a learned religious scholar. Iranian-US relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces between 1987-1988. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement. Following the elections of a reformist president and Majlis in the late 1990s, attempts to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction have floundered as conservative politicians have prevented reform measures from being enacted, increased repressive measures, and consolidated their control over the government.
Iraq Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Britain during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of military strongmen ruled the country, the latest was SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait, but was expelled by US-led, UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years resulted in the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. Coalition forces remain in Iraq, helping to restore degraded infrastructure and facilitating the establishment of a freely elected government, while simultaneously dealing with a robust insurgency. The Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government (IG) in June 2004. Iraqis voted on 30 January 2005 to elect a 275-member Transitional National Assembly that will draft a permanent constitution and pave the way for new national elections at the end of 2005.
Ireland Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600-150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. English invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. A failed 1916 Easter Monday Rebellion touched off several years of guerrilla warfare that in 1921 resulted in independence from the UK for 26 southern counties; six northern (Ulster) counties remained part of the United Kingdom. In 1948 Ireland withdrew from the British Commonwealth; it joined the European Community in 1973. Irish governments have sought the peaceful unification of Ireland and have cooperated with Britain against terrorist groups. A peace settlement for Northern Ireland, known as the Good Friday Agreement and approved in 1998, is being implemented with some difficulties.
Israel Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and the UN partitioned the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. Subsequently, the Israelis defeated the Arabs in a series of wars without ending the deep tensions between the two sides. The territories occupied by Israel since the 1967 war are not included in the Israel country profile, unless otherwise noted. On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. Israel and Palestinian officials signed on 13 September 1993 a Declaration of Principles (also known as the "Oslo accords") guiding an interim period of Palestinian self-rule. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. In addition, on 25 May 2000, Israel withdrew unilaterally from southern Lebanon, which it had occupied since 1982. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations were conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives and Syria to achieve a permanent settlement. On 24 June 2002, US President BUSH laid out a "road map" for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which envisions a two-state solution. However, progress toward a permanent status agreement has been undermined by Palestinian-Israeli violence ongoing since September 2000. The conflict may have reached a turning point with the election in January 2005 of Mahmud ABBAS as the new Palestinian leader following the November 2004 death of Yasir ARAFAT.
Italy Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the city-states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His disastrous alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat in World War II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946 and economic revival followed. Italy was a charter member of NATO and the European Economic Community (EEC). It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999. Persistent problems include illegal immigration, organized crime, corruption, high unemployment, sluggish economic growth, and the low incomes and technical standards of southern Italy compared with the prosperous north.
Jamaica Jamaica gained full independence within the British Commonwealth in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence and a drop off in tourism. Elections in 1980 saw the democratic socialists voted out of office. Political violence marred elections during the 1990s.
Jan Mayen This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth.
Japan In 1603, a Tokugawa shogunate (military dictatorship) ushered in a long period of isolation from foreign influence in order to secure its power. For 250 years this policy enabled Japan to enjoy stability and a flowering of its indigenous culture. Following the Treaty of Kanagawa with the United States in 1854, Japan opened its ports and began to intensively modernize and industrialize. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China and Russia. It occupied Korea, Formosa (Taiwan), and southern Sakhalin Island. In 1933 Japan occupied Manchuria and in 1937 it launched a full-scale invasion of China. Japan attacked US forces in 1941 - triggering America's entry into World War II - and soon occupied much of East and Southeast Asia. After its defeat in World War II, Japan recovered to become an economic power and a staunch ally of the US. While the emperor retains his throne as a symbol of national unity, actual power rests in networks of powerful politicians, bureaucrats, and business executives. The economy experienced a major slowdown starting in the 1990s following three decades of unprecedented growth, but Japan still remains a major economic power, both in Asia and globally. In 2005, Japan began a two-year term as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.
Jarvis Island First discovered by the British in 1821, the uninhabited island was annexed by the US in 1858, but abandoned in 1879 after tons of guano had been removed. The UK annexed the island in 1889, but never carried out plans for further exploitation. The US occupied and reclaimed the island in 1935. Abandoned after World War II, the island is currently a National Wildlife Refuge administered by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.
Jersey The island of Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II.
Johnston Atoll Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. Johnston and Sand Islands were designated wildlife refuges in 1926. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934, and subsequently the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s, and until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction is now complete. Cleanup and closure of the facility was completed in 2004.
Jordan For most of its history since independence from British administration in 1946, Jordan was ruled by King HUSSEIN (1953-99). A pragmatic ruler, he successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and a large internal Palestinian population, despite several wars and coup attempts. In 1989 he reinstituted parliamentary elections and gradual political liberalization; in 1994 he signed a formal peace treaty with Israel. King ABDALLAH II - the eldest son of King HUSSEIN and Princess MUNA - assumed the throne following his father's death in February 1999. Since then, he has consolidated his power and undertaken an aggressive economic reform program. Jordan acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2000, and began to participate in the European Free Trade Association in 2001. After a two-year delay, parliamentary and municipal elections took place in the summer of 2003. The Prime Minister and government appointed in April 2005 declared they would build upon the previous government's achievements to respect political and human rights and improve living standards.
Juan de Nova Island Named after a famous 15th century Spanish navigator and explorer, the island has been a French possession since 1897. It has been exploited for its guano and phosphate. Presently a small military garrison oversees a meteorological station.
Kazakhstan Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence in 1991 caused many of these newcomers to emigrate. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets; achieving a sustainable economic growth outside the oil, gas, and mining sectors; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreign powers.
Kenya Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence until his death in 1978, when President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but are viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. President MOI stepped down in December of 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition, defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform.
Kingman Reef The US annexed the reef in 1922. Its sheltered lagoon served as a way station for flying boats on Hawaii-to-American Samoa flights during the late 1930s. There are no terrestrial plants on the reef, which is frequently awash, but it does support abundant and diverse marine fauna and flora. In 2001, the waters surrounding the reef out to 12 nm were designated a US National Wildlife Refuge.
Kiribati The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati.
Korea, North An independent kingdom under Chinese suzerainty for most of the past millennium, Korea was occupied by Japan in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War; five years later, Japan formally annexed the entire peninsula. Following World War II, Korea was split with the northern half coming under Soviet-sponsored Communist domination. After failing in the Korean War (1950-53) to conquer the US-backed republic in the southern portion by force, North Korea, under its founder President KIM Il Sung, adopted a policy of ostensible diplomatic and economic "self-reliance" as a check against excessive Soviet or Communist Chinese influence. It molded political, economic, and military policies around the core ideological objective of eventual unification of Korea under Pyongyang's control. KIM's son, the current ruler KIM Jong Il, was officially designated as KIM's successor in 1980 and assumed a growing political and managerial role until his father's death in 1994. He assumed full power without opposition. After decades of economic mismanagement and resource misallocation, the North since the mid-1990s has relied heavily on international aid to feed its population while continuing to expend resources to maintain an army of about 1 million. North Korea's long-range missile development and research into nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and massive conventional armed forces are of major concern to the international community. In December 2002, following revelations it was pursuing a nuclear weapons program based on enriched uranium in violation of a 1994 agreement with the United States to freeze and ultimately dismantle its existing plutonium-based program, North Korea expelled monitors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In January 2003, it declared its withdrawal from the international Non-Proliferation Treaty. In mid-2003 Pyongyang announced it had completed the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel rods (to extract weapons-grade plutonium) and was developing a "nuclear deterrent." From August 2003, North Korea has participated on and off in six-party talks with the China, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the United States to resolve the stalemate over its nuclear programs.
Korea, South Korea was an independent kingdom under Chinese suzerainty for most of the past millennium. Following its victory in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan occupied Korea; five years later it formally annexed the entire peninsula. After World War II, a republic was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a Communist-style government was installed in the north. During the Korean War (1950-53), US and other UN forces intervened to defend South Korea from North Korean attacks supported by the Chinese. An armistice was signed in 1953, splitting the peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. Thereafter, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth with per capita income rising to roughly 14 times the level of North Korea. In 1987, South Korean voters elected ROH Tae-woo to the presidency, ending 26 years of military dictatorships. South Korea today is a fully functioning modern democracy. In June 2000, a historic first North-South summit took place between the South's President KIM Tae-chung and the North's leader KIM Jong Il.
Kuwait Britain oversaw foreign relations and defense for the ruling Kuwaiti AL-SABAH dynasty from 1899 until independence in 1961. Kuwait was attacked and overrun by Iraq on 2 August 1990. Following several weeks of aerial bombardment, a US-led, UN coalition began a ground assault on 23 February 1991 that liberated Kuwait in four days. Kuwait spent more than $5 billion to repair oil infrastructure damaged during 1990-91.
Kyrgyzstan A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, Kyrgyzstan was annexed by Russia in 1864; it achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Nation-wide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAYEV, who had run the country since 1990. Subsequent presidential elections in July of 2005 were won overwhelmingly by former prime minister Kurmanbek BAKIYEV. Current concerns include: privatization of state-owned enterprises, expansion of democracy and political freedoms, interethnic relations, and combating terrorism.
Laos Laos was under the control of Siam (Thailand) from the late 18th century until the late 19th century when it became part of French Indochina. The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. In 1975, the Communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy. Initial closer ties to Vietnam and socialization were replaced with a gradual return to private enterprise, a liberalization of foreign investment laws, and the admission into ASEAN in 1997.
Latvia After a brief period of independence between the two World Wars, Latvia was annexed by the USSR in 1940. It reestablished its independence in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union. Although the last Russian troops left in 1994, the status of the Russian minority (some 30% of the population) remains of concern to Moscow. Latvia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.
Lebanon Lebanon has made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions since 1991 and the end of the devastating 15-year civil war. Under the Ta'if Accord - the blueprint for national reconciliation - the Lebanese have established a more equitable political system, particularly by giving Muslims a greater say in the political process while institutionalizing sectarian divisions in the government. Since the end of the war, the Lebanese have conducted several successful elections, most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded, and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have extended central government authority over about two-thirds of the country. Hizballah, a radical Shia organization, retains its weapons. During Lebanon's civil war, the Arab League legitimized in the Ta'if Accord Syria's troop deployment, numbering about 16,000 based mainly east of Beirut and in the Bekaa Valley. Damascus justified its continued military presence in Lebanon by citing Beirut's requests and the failure of the Lebanese Government to implement all of the constitutional reforms in the Ta'if Accord. Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon in May 2000, however, encouraged some Lebanese groups to demand that Syria withdraw its forces as well. The passage of UNSCR 1559 in early October 2004 - a resolution calling for Syria to withdraw from Lebanon and end its interference in Lebanese affairs - further emboldened Lebanese groups opposed to Syria's presence in Lebanon. Syria finally withdrew the remainder of its forces from Lebanon in April of 2005.
Lesotho Basutoland was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho upon independence from the UK in 1966. King MOSHOESHOE was exiled in 1990, but returned to Lesotho in 1992 and reinstated in 1995. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after 23 years of military rule. In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody intervention by South African and Botswanan military forces under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community. Constitutional reforms have since restored political stability; peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002.
Liberia In August 2003, a comprehensive peace agreement ended 14 years of civil war and prompted the resignation of former president Charles TAYLOR, who was exiled to Nigeria. The National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) - composed of rebel, government, and civil society groups - assumed control in October 2003. Chairman Gyude BRYANT, who was given a two-year mandate to oversee efforts to rebuild Liberia, heads the new government. The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), which maintains a strong presence throughout the country, completed a disarmament program for former combatants in late 2004, but the security situation is still volatile and the process of rebuilding the social and economic structure of this war-torn country remains sluggish.
Libya From the earliest days of his rule following his 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system is a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and is supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has always seen himself as a revolutionary and visionary leader. He used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. In addition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Libyan support for terrorism appeared to have decreased after the imposition of sanctions. During the 1990s, QADHAFI also began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya resolved the Lockerbie case. In December 2003, Libya announced that it had agreed to reveal and end its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction, and QADHAFI has made significant strides in normalizing relations with western nations since then. He has received various Western European leaders as well as many working-level and commercial delegations, and made his first trip to Western Europe in 15 years when he traveled to Brussels in April 2004. QADHAFI also finally resolved in 2004 several outstanding cases against his government for terrorist activities in the 1980s by paying compensation to the families of victims of the UTA and La Belle disco bombings.
Liechtenstein The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Liechtenstein has, however, implemented new anti-money-laundering legislation and recently concluded a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US.
Lithuania Independent between the two World Wars, Lithuania was annexed by the USSR in 1940. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in Moscow). The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into Western European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.
Luxembourg Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area.
Macau Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Macedonia International recognition of Macedonia's independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols. Greece finally lifted its trade blockade in 1995 and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, although differences over Macedonia's name remain. The undetermined status of neighboring Kosovo, implementation of the Framework Agreement - which ended the 2001 ethnic Albanian armed insurgency - and a weak economy continue to be challenges for Macedonia.
Madagascar Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896, but regained its independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner.
Malawi Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA the country held multiparty elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution, which came into full effect the following year. Current President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in May 2004 after the previous president failed to amend the constitution to permit another term, has struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor, who still leads their shared political party. MATHARIKA's anti-corruption efforts have led to several high-level arrests but no convictions. Increasing corruption, population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, and HIV/AIDS pose major problems for the country.
Malaysia During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore and the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's history were marred by Indonesian efforts to control Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's secession from the Federation in 1965.
Maldives The Maldives was long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. It became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Since 1978, President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM - currently in his sixth term in office - has dominated the islands' political scene. Following riots in the capital Male in August 2004, the president and his government have pledged to embark upon democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago.
Mali The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. After his reelection in 1997, President Alpha KONARE continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE.
Malta Great Britain formally acquired possession of Malta in 1814. The island staunchly supported the UK through both World Wars and remained in the Commonwealth when it became independent in 1964. A decade later Malta became a republic. Since about the mid-1980s, the island has transformed itself into a freight transshipment point, a financial center, and a tourist destination. Malta became an EU member in May of 2004.
Man, Isle of Part of the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides until the 13th century when it was ceded to Scotland, the isle came under the British crown in 1765. Current concerns include reviving the almost extinct Manx Gaelic language.
Marshall Islands After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the atolls between 1947 and 1962. The Marshall Islands hosts the US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) Reagan Missile Test Site, a key installation in the US missile defense network.
Martinique Colonized by France in 1635, the island has subsequently remained a French possession except for three brief periods of foreign occupation.
Mauritania Independent from France in 1960, Mauritania annexed the southern third of the former Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara) in 1976, but relinquished it after three years of raids by the Polisario guerrilla front seeking independence for the territory. Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA siezed power in a coup in 1984. Opposition parties were legalized and a new constitution approved in 1991. Two multiparty presidential elections since then were widely seen as flawed, but October 2001 legislative and municipal elections were generally free and open. A bloodless coup in August 2005 deposed President TAYA and ushered in a military council headed by Col. Ely Ould Mohamed VALL, which declared it would remain in power for up to two years while it created conditions for genuine democratic institutions. For now, however, Mauritania remains, a one-party state. The country continues to experience ethnic tensions between its black population and the Maur (Arab-Berber) populace.
Mauritius Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
Mayotte Mayotte was ceded to France along with the other islands of the Comoros group in 1843. It was the only island in the archipelago that voted in 1974 to retain its link with France and forego independence.
Mexico The site of advanced Amerindian civilizations, Mexico came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving independence early in the 19th century. A devaluation of the peso in late 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession in over half a century. The nation continues to make an impressive recovery. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely Amerindian population in the impoverished southern states. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that the opposition defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) was sworn in on 1 December 2000 as the first chief executive elected in free and fair elections.
Micronesia, Federated States of In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the US, which was amended and renewed in 2004. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid.
Midway Islands The US took formal possession of the islands in 1867. The laying of the trans-Pacific cable, which passed through the islands, brought the first residents in 1903. Between 1935 and 1947, Midway was used as a refueling stop for trans-Pacific flights. The US naval victory over a Japanese fleet off Midway in 1942 was one of the turning points of World War II. The islands continued to serve as a naval station until closed in 1993. Today the islands are a national wildlife refuge. From 1996 to 2001 the refuge was open to the public; it is now temporarily closed.
Moldova Formerly part of Romania, Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Dniester River supporting the Slavic majority population, mostly Ukrainians and Russians, who have proclaimed a "Transnistria" republic. The poorest nation in Europe, Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a Communist as its president in 2001.
Monaco Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Mongolia The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAN they conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and later came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A Communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power to the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC), which defeated the MPRP in a national election in 1996. Since then, parliamentary elections returned the MPRP overwhelmingly to power in 2000 and produced a coalition government in 2004.
Montserrat Much of this island was devastated and two-thirds of the population fled abroad because of the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano that began on 18 July 1995. Montserrat has endured volcanic activity since, with the last eruption occurring in July 2003.
Morocco In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, successive Moorish dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad AL-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily eroded; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Morocco virtually annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution on the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature in 1997. Parliamentary elections were held for the second time in September 2002 and municipal elections were held in September 2003.
Mozambique Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His newly elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, has promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment.
Namibia South Africa occupied the German colony of South-West Africa during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966 the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that was soon named Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Namibia won its independence in 1990 and has been governed by SWAPO since. Hifikepunye POHAMBA was elected president in November 2004 in a landslide victory replacing Sam NUJOMA who led the country during its first 14 years of self rule.
Nauru Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Nauru achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999. Nauru is the world's smallest independent republic.
Navassa Island This uninhabited island was claimed by the US in 1857 for its guano. Mining took place between 1865 and 1898. The lighthouse, built in 1917, was shut down in 1996 and administration of Navassa Island transferred from the Coast Guard to the Department of the Interior. A 1998 scientific expedition to the island described it as a unique preserve of Caribbean biodiversity; the following year it became a National Wildlife Refuge and annual scientific expeditions have continued.
Nepal In 1951, the Nepalese monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in 1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. A Maoist insurgency, launched in 1996, has gained traction and is threatening to bring down the regime, especially after a negotiated cease-fire between the Maoists and government forces broke down in August 2003. In 2001, the crown prince massacred ten members of the royal family, including the king and queen, and then took his own life. In October 2002, the new king dismissed the prime minister and his cabinet for "incompetence" after they dissolved the parliament and were subsequently unable to hold elections because of the ongoing insurgency. While stopping short of reestablishing parliament, the king in June 2004 reinstated the most recently elected prime minister who formed a four-party coalition government, which the king subsequently tasked with paving the way for elections to be held in spring of 2005. Citing dissatisfaction with the government's lack of progress in addressing the Maoist insurgency, the king in February 2005 dissolved the government and assumed power.
Netherlands The Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815. In 1830 Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I, but suffered invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EEC (now the EU), and participated in the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Netherlands Antilles Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, the island of Curacao was hard hit by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The island of Saint Martin is shared with France; its southern portion is named Sint Maarten and is part of the Netherlands Antilles; its northern portion is called Saint-Martin and is part of Guadeloupe (France).
New Caledonia Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s has dissipated.
New Zealand The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.
Nicaragua The Pacific Coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821 and the country became an independent republic in 1838. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979. Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s. Free elections in 1990, 1996, and again in 2001 saw the Sandinistas defeated. The country has slowly rebuilt its economy during the 1990s, but was hard hit by Hurricane Mitch in 1998.
Niger Not until 1993, 33 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule by December 1999. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa.
Nigeria Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the OBASANJO administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability. Despite some irregularities, the April 2003 elections marked the first civilian transfer of power in Nigeria's history.
Niue Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,150 in 2005), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.
Norfolk Island Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
Northern Mariana Islands Under US administration as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific, the people of the Northern Mariana Islands decided in the 1970s not to seek independence but instead to forge closer links with the US. Negotiations for territorial status began in 1972. A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975. A new government and constitution went into effect in 1978.
Norway Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav TRYGGVASON in 994. Conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that was to last for more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War I, it suffered heavy losses to its shipping. Norway proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but was nonetheless occupied for five years by Nazi Germany (1940-45). In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. The current focus is on containing spending on the extensive welfare system and planning for the time when petroleum reserves are depleted. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU.
Oman In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al Said ousted his father and has ruled as sultan ever since. His extensive modernization program has opened the country to the outside world and has preserved a long-standing political and military relationship with the UK. Oman's moderate, independent foreign policy has sought to maintain good relations with all Middle Eastern countries.
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world's five oceans (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). Strategically important access waterways include the La Perouse, Tsugaru, Tsushima, Taiwan, Singapore, and Torres Straits. The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Pacific Ocean south of 60 degrees south.
Pakistan The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with two sections West and East) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan have fought two wars - in 1947-48 and 1965 - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India capitalized on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998. The dispute over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, but recent discussions and confidence-building measures may be a start toward lessened tensions.
Palau After three decades as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific under US administration, this westernmost cluster of the Caroline Islands opted for independence in 1978 rather than join the Federated States of Micronesia. A Compact of Free Association with the US was approved in 1986, but not ratified until 1993. It entered into force the following year, when the islands gained independence.
Palmyra Atoll The Kingdom of Hawaii claimed the atoll in 1862, and the US included it among the Hawaiian Islands when it annexed the archipelago in 1898. The Hawaii Statehood Act of 1959 did not include Palmyra Atoll, which is now privately owned by the Nature Conservancy. This organization is managing the atoll as a nature preserve. The lagoons and surrounding waters within the 12 nautical mile US territorial seas were transferred to the US Fish and Wildlife Service and were designated a National Wildlife Refuge in January 2001.
Panama With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land on either side of the structure (the Panama Canal Zone). The Panama Canal was built by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. On 7 September 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the US to Panama by the end of 1999. Certain portions of the Zone and increasing responsibility over the Canal were turned over in the intervening years. With US help, dictator Manuel NORIEGA was deposed in 1989. The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were turned over to Panama by or on 31 December 1999.
Papua New Guinea The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997 after claiming some 20,000 lives.
Paracel Islands The Paracel Islands are surrounded by productive fishing grounds and by potential oil and gas reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor, Vietnam. China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. The islands are claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam.
Paraguay In the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1865-70), Paraguay lost two-thirds of all adult males and much of its territory. It stagnated economically for the next half century. In the Chaco War of 1932-35, large, economically important areas were won from Bolivia. The 35-year military dictatorship of Alfredo STROESSNER was overthrown in 1989, and, despite a marked increase in political infighting in recent years, relatively free and regular presidential elections have been held since then.
Peru Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime. FUJIMORI won reelection to a third term in the spring of 2000, but international pressure and corruption scandals led to his ouster by Congress in November of that year. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government; his presidency has been hampered by allegations of corruption.
Philippines The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected President and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-year transition. In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese occupation during WWII, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Philippines attained their independence. The 21-year rule of Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a widespread popular rebellion forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup attempts, which prevented a return to full political stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992 and his administration was marked by greater stability and progress on economic reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998, but was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and widespread demonstrations led to his ouster. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected to a six-year term in May 2004. The Philippine Government faces threats from armed communist insurgencies and from Muslim separatists in the south.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Island was discovered in 1767 by the British and settled in 1790 by the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. Pitcairn was the first Pacific island to become a British colony (in 1838) and today remains the last vestige of that empire in the South Pacific. Outmigration, primarily to New Zealand, has thinned the population from a peak of 233 in 1937 to less than 50 today.
Poland Poland is an ancient nation that was conceived near the middle of the 10th century. Its golden age occurred in the 16th century. During the following century, the strengthening of the gentry and internal disorders weakened the nation. In a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland amongst themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe, but Poland currently suffers low GDP growth and high unemployment. Solidarity suffered a major defeat in the 2001 parliamentary elections when it failed to elect a single deputy to the lower house of Parliament, and the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.
Portugal Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
Puerto Rico Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, the island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw the indigenous population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917. Popularly-elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government. In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters chose to retain commonwealth status.
Qatar Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. His son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, overthrew him in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.
Reunion The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Romania The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they united in 1859 and a few years later adopted the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories following the conflict. In 1940, it allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a Communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former Communists dominated the government until 1996, when they were swept from power by a fractious coalition of centrist parties. In 2000, the center-left Social Democratic Party (PSD) became Romania's leading party, governing with the support of the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR). The opposition center-right alliance formed by the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the Democratic Party (PD) scored a surprise victory over the ruling PSD in December 2004 presidential elections. The PNL-PD alliance maintains a parliamentary majority with the support of the UDMR, the Humanist Party (PUR), and various ethnic minority groups. Although Romania completed accession talks with the European Union (EU) in December 2004, it must continue to address rampant corruption - while invigorating lagging economic and democratic reforms - before it can achieve its hope of joining the EU, tentatively set for 2007. Romania joined NATO in March of 2004.
Russia Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The Communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Josef STALIN (1928-53) strengthened Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize Communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into 15 independent republics. Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and market economy to replace the strict social, political, and economic controls of the Communist period. While some progress has been made on the economic front, recent years have seen a recentralization of power under Vladimir PUTIN and an erosion in nascent democratic institutions. A determined guerrilla conflict still plagues Russia in Chechnya.
Rwanda In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and the former Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but about 10,000 that remain in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo have formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms - including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in August and September 2003, respectively - the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output, and ethnic reconciliation is complicated by the real and perceived Tutsi political dominance. Kigali's increasing centralization and intolerance of dissent, the nagging Hutu extremist insurgency across the border, and Rwandan involvement in two wars in recent years in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo continue to hinder Rwanda's efforts to escape its bloody legacy.
Saint Helena Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.
Saint Kitts and Nevis First settled by the British in 1623, the islands became an associated state with full internal autonomy in 1967. The island of Anguilla rebelled and was allowed to secede in 1971. Saint Kitts and Nevis achieved independence in 1983. In 1998, a vote in Nevis on a referendum to separate from Saint Kitts fell short of the two-thirds majority needed. Nevis is once more trying to separate from the Saint Kitts.
Saint Lucia The island, with its fine natural harbor at Castries, was contested between England and France throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries (changing possession 14 times); it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814. Self-government was granted in 1967 and independence in 1979.
Saint Pierre and Miquelon First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Disputed between France and the United Kingdom in the 18th century, Saint Vincent was ceded to the latter in 1783. Autonomy was granted in 1969 and independence in 1979.
Samoa New Zealand occupied the German protectorate of Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It continued to administer the islands as a mandate and then as a trust territory until 1962, when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the "Western" from its name in 1997.
San Marino The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Sao Tome and Principe Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy.
Saudi Arabia In 1902, ABD AL-AZIZ bin Abd al-Rahman Al Saud captured Riyadh and set out on a 30-year campaign to unify the Arabian Peninsula. A son of ABD AL-AZIZ rules the country today, and the country's Basic Law stipulates that the throne shall remain in the hands of the aging sons and grandsons of the kingdom's founder. Following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Saudi Arabia accepted the Kuwaiti royal family and 400,000 refugees while allowing Western and Arab troops to deploy on its soil for the liberation of Kuwait the following year. The continuing presence of foreign troops on Saudi soil after Operation Desert Storm remained a source of tension between the royal family and the public until the US military's near-complete withdrawal to neighboring Qatar in 2003. The first major terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia in several years, which occurred in May and November 2003, prompted renewed efforts on the part of the Saudi government to counter domestic terrorism and extremism, which also coincided with a slight upsurge in media freedom and announcement of government plans to phase in partial political representation. A burgeoning population, aquifer depletion, and an economy largely dependent on petroleum output and prices are all ongoing governmental concerns.
Senegal Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.
Serbia and Montenegro The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941 was resisted by various paramilitary bands that fought each other as well as the invaders. The group headed by Marshal TITO took full control upon German expulsion in 1945. Although Communist, his new government and its successors (he died in 1980) managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In the early 1990s, post-TITO Yugoslavia began to unravel along ethnic lines: Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina were recognized as independent states in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" (FRY) in April 1992 and, under President Slobodan MILOSEVIC, Serbia led various military intervention efforts to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a "Greater Serbia." All of these efforts were ultimately unsuccessful and led to Yugoslavia being ousted from the UN in 1992. In 1998-99, massive expulsions by FRY forces and Serb paramilitaries of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo provoked an international response, including the NATO bombing of Serbia and the stationing of a NATO-led force (KFOR), in Kosovo. Federal elections in the fall of 2000, brought about the ouster of MILOSEVIC and installed Vojislav KOSTUNICA as president. The arrest of MILOSEVIC in 2001 allowed for his subsequent transfer to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague to be tried for crimes against humanity. In 2001, the country's suspension from the UN was lifted, and it was once more accepted into UN organizations under the name of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Kosovo has been governed by the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) since June 1999, under the authority of UN Security Council Resolution 1244, pending a determination by the international community of its future status. In 2002, the Serbian and Montenegrin components of Yugoslavia began negotiations to forge a looser relationship. These talks became a reality in February 2003 when lawmakers restructured the country into a loose federation of two republics called Serbia and Montenegro. The Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro includes a provision that allows either republic to hold a referendum after three years that would allow for their independence from the state union.
Seychelles A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993. The most recent presidential elections were held in 2001; President RENE, who had served since 1977, was re-elected. In April 2004 RENE stepped down and Vice President James MICHEL was sworn in as president.
Sierra Leone The 1991 to 2002 civil war between the government and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (about one-third of the population), many of whom are now refugees in neighboring countries. With the support of the UN peacekeeping force and contributions from the World Bank and international community, demobilization and disarmament of the RUF and Civil Defense Forces (CDF) combatants has been completed. National elections were held in May 2002 and the government continues to slowly reestablish its authority. However, the gradual withdrawal of most UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) peacekeepers in 2004 and early 2005, deteriorating political and economic conditions in Guinea, and the tenuous security situation in neighboring Liberia may present challenges to the continuation of Sierra Leone's stability.
Singapore Singapore was founded as a British trading colony in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but separated two years later and became independent. It subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe.
Slovakia In 1918 the Slovaks joined the closely related Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. Following the chaos of World War II, Czechoslovakia became a Communist nation within Soviet-ruled Eastern Europe. Soviet influence collapsed in 1989 and Czechoslovakia once more became free. The Slovaks and the Czechs agreed to separate peacefully on 1 January 1993. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.
Slovenia The Slovene lands were part of the Holy Roman Empire and Austria until 1918 when the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though Communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.
Solomon Islands The UK established a protectorate over the Solomon Islands in the 1890s. Some of the bitterest fighting of World War II occurred on these islands. Self-government was achieved in 1976 and independence two years later. Ethnic violence, government malfeasance, and endemic crime have undermined stability and civil society. In June 2003, Prime Minister Sir Allen KEMAKEZA sought the assistance of Australia in reestablishing law and order; the following month, an Australian-led multinational force arrived to restore peace and disarm ethnic militias. The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) has been very effective in restoring law and order and rebuilding government institutions.
Somalia The regime of Mohamed SIAD Barre was ousted in January 1991; turmoil, factional fighting, and anarchy have followed in the years since. In May of 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes the administrative regions of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Sanaag, and Sool. Although not recognized by any government, this entity has maintained a stable existence, aided by the overwhelming dominance of a ruling clan and economic infrastructure left behind by British, Russian, and American military assistance programs. The regions of Bari and Nugaal and northern Mudug comprise a neighboring self-declared autonomous state of Puntland, which has been self-governing since 1998, but does not aim at independence; it has also made strides towards reconstructing a legitimate, representative government, but has suffered some civil strife. Puntland disputes its border with Somaliland as it also claims portions of eastern Sool and Sanaag. Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew in 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored. The mandate of the Transitional National Government (TNG), created in August 2000 in Arta, Djibouti, expired in August 2003. New Somali President Abdullahi YUSUF Ahmed has formed a new Transitional Federal Government (TFG) consisting of a 275-member parliament. It was established in October 2004 to replace the TNG but has not yet moved to Mogadishu. Discussions regarding the establishment of a new government in Mogadishu are ongoing in Kenya. Numerous warlords and factions are still fighting for control of the capital city as well as for other southern regions. Suspicion of Somali links with global terrorism further complicates the picture.
South Africa After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the Dutch settlers (the Boers) trekked north to found their own republics. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred wealth and immigration and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The Boers resisted British encroachments, but were defeated in the Boer War (1899-1902). The resulting Union of South Africa operated under a policy of apartheid - the separate development of the races. The 1990s brought an end to apartheid politically and ushered in black majority rule.
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908, except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. The islands have large bird and seal populations, and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.
Southern Ocean A decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 delimited a fifth world ocean - the Southern Ocean - from the southern portions of the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean extends from the coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitude, which coincides with the Antarctic Treaty Limit. The Southern Ocean is now the fourth largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean, but larger than the Arctic Ocean).
Spain Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II, but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39). In the second half of the 20th century, Spain has played a catch-up role in the western international community; it joined the EU in 1986. Continuing challenges include Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorism and further reductions in unemployment.
Spratly Islands The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef, but has not made any formal claim.
Sri Lanka The Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced beginning in about the mid-third century B.C., and a great civilization developed at the cities of Anuradhapura (kingdom from circa 200 B.C. to circa A.D. 1000) and Polonnaruwa (from about 1070 to 1200). In the 14th century, a south Indian dynasty seized power in the north and established a Tamil kingdom. Occupied by the Portuguese in the 16th century and by the Dutch in the 17th century, the island was ceded to the British in 1796, became a crown colony in 1802, and was united under British rule by 1815. As Ceylon, it became independent in 1948; its name was changed to Sri Lanka in 1972. Tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted into war in 1983. Tens of thousands have died in an ethnic conflict that continues to fester. After two decades of fighting, the government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam formalized a cease-fire in February 2002, with Norway brokering peace negotiations.
Sudan Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972, but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than 2 million deaths and over 4 million people displaced over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords; a final Naivasha peace treaty of January 2005 granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years, after which a referendum for independence is scheduled to be held. A separate conflict that broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003 resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and over 1 million displaced, but by early 2005, peackeeping troops had stabilized the situation.
Suriname Independence from the Netherlands was granted in 1975. Five years later the civilian government was replaced by a military regime that soon declared a socialist republic. It continued to rule through a succession of nominally civilian administrations until 1987, when international pressure finally forced a democratic election. In 1989, the military overthrew the civilian government, but a democratically-elected government returned to power in 1991.
Svalbard First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Swaziland Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted in 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s pressured the monarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy. Swaziland recently surpassed Botswana as the country with the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection
Sweden A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment and in 2000-02 by the global economic downturn, but fiscal discipline over the past several years has allowed the country to weather economic vagaries. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe delayed Sweden's entry into the EU until 1995, and waived the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Switzerland The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. Switzerland's sovreignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two World Wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations, but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.
Syria Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Syria was administered by the French until independence in 1946. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. Syrian troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role - were withdrawn in April of 2005. Over the past decade, Syria and Israel have held occasional peace talks over the return of the Golan Heights.
Taiwan In 1895, military defeat forced China to cede Taiwan to Japan. Taiwan reverted to Chinese control after World War II. Following the Communist victory on the mainland in 1949, 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and established a government using the 1946 constitution drawn up for all of China. Over the next five decades, the ruling authorities gradually democratized and incorporated the native population within the governing structure. In 2000, Taiwan underwent its first peaceful transfer of power from the Nationalist to the Democratic Progressive Party. Throughout this period, the island prospered and became one of East Asia's economic "Tigers." The dominant political issues continue to be the relationship between Taiwan and China - specifically the question of eventual unification - as well as domestic political and economic reform.
Tajikistan The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bolshevik control of the area was fiercely contested and not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union and has now completed its transition from the civil war that plagued the country from 1992 to 1997. There have been no major security incidents in recent years, although the country remains the poorest in the region. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace.
Tanzania Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
Thailand A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US ally following the conflict. Thailand is currently facing armed violence in its three Muslim-majority southernmost provinces.
Togo French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, continued to rule well into the 21st century. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continued to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party maintained power almost continually since 1967. Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. While most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen, the European Union initiated a partial resumption of cooperation and development aid to Togo in late 2004. Upon his death in February 2005, President EYADEMA was succeeded by his son Faure GNASSINGBE. The succession, supported by the military and in contravention of the nation's constitution, was challenged by popular protest and a threat of sanctions from regional leaders. GNASSINGBE succumbed to pressure and agreed to hold elections in late April 2005.
Tokelau Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925.
Tonga The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Trinidad and Tobago The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing.
Tromelin Island First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, it serves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an important meteorological station.
Tunisia Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGUIBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to defuse rising pressure for a more open political society.
Turkey Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk, or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives, but after the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey, mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its democracy and economy, enabling it to begin accession membership talks with the European Union.
Turkmenistan Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1924. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects were to be expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is actively seeking to develop alternative petroleum transportation routes in order to break Russia's pipeline monopoly.
Turks and Caicos Islands The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands remain a British overseas territory.
Tuvalu In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years.
Uganda Uganda achieved independence from the UK in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. During the 1990s, the government promulgated non-party presidential and legislative elections.
Ukraine Ukraine was the center of the first Slavic state, Kievan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kievan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kievan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine was able to bring about a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and forced to endure a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two artificial famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for some 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although final independence for Ukraine was achieved in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. A peaceful mass protest "Orange Revolution" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. The new government presents its citizens with hope that the country may at last attain true freedom and prosperity.
United Arab Emirates The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Zaby, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. Its generosity with oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play a vital role in the affairs of the region.
United Kingdom Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the latter is suspended due to bickering over the peace process.
United States Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65) and the Great Depression of the 1930s. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. The economy is marked by steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.
Uruguay Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon took advantage of its natural harbor to became an important commercial center. Annexed by Brazil as a separate province in 1821, Uruguay declared its independence four years later and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President BATLLE in the early 20th century established widespread political, social, and economic reforms. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.
Uzbekistan Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after World War I was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on agriculture while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. Current concerns include terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization.
Vanuatu The British and French, who settled the New Hebrides in the 19th century, agreed in 1906 to an Anglo-French Condominium, which administered the islands until independence in 1980.
Venezuela Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Ecuador). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Current concerns include: a polarized political environment, a politicized military, drug-related violence along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples.
Vietnam The conquest of Vietnam by France began in 1858 and was completed by 1884. It became part of French Indochina in 1887. Independence was declared after World War II, but the French continued to rule until 1954 when they were defeated by Communist forces under Ho Chi MINH, who took control of the North. US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South. Despite the return of peace, for over two decades the country experienced little economic growth because of conservative leadership policies. Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have committed to economic liberalization and enacted structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. The country continues to experience protests from the Montagnard ethnic minority population of the Central Highlands over loss of land to Vietnamese settlers and religious persecution.
Virgin Islands During the 17th century, the archipelago was divided into two territorial units, one English and the other Danish. Sugarcane, produced by slave labor, drove the islands' economy during the 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1917, the US purchased the Danish portion, which had been in economic decline since the abolition of slavery in 1848.
Wake Island The US annexed Wake Island in 1899 for a cable station. An important air and naval base was constructed in 1940-41. In December 1941, the island was captured by the Japanese and held until the end of World War II. In subsequent years, Wake was developed as a stopover and refueling site for military and commercial aircraft transiting the Pacific. Since 1974, the island's airstrip has been used by the US military and some commercial cargo planes, as well as for emergency landings. There are over 700 landings a year on the island.
Wallis and Futuna Although discovered by the Dutch and the British in the 17th and 18th centuries, it was the French who declared a protectorate over the islands in 1842. In 1959, the inhabitants of the islands voted to become a French overseas territory.
West Bank The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of the interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external and internal security and for public order of settlements and Israeli citizens. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and West Bank that began in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, were derailed by a second intifadah that broke out in September 2000. The resulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel's military response, and instability within the Palestinian Authority continue to undermine progress toward a permanent agreement. Following the death of longtime Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT in November 2004, the election of his successor Mahmud ABBAS in January 2005 could bring a turning point in the conflict.
Western Sahara Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed.
World Globally, the 20th century was marked by: (a) two devastating world wars; (b) the Great Depression of the 1930s; (c) the end of vast colonial empires; (d) rapid advances in science and technology, from the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (US) to the landing on the moon; (e) the Cold War between the Western alliance and the Warsaw Pact nations; (f) a sharp rise in living standards in North America, Europe, and Japan; (g) increased concerns about the environment, including loss of forests, shortages of energy and water, the decline in biological diversity, and air pollution; (h) the onset of the AIDS epidemic; and (i) the ultimate emergence of the US as the only world superpower. The planet's population continues to explode: from 1 billion in 1820, to 2 billion in 1930, 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, 5 billion in 1988, and 6 billion in 2000. For the 21st century, the continued exponential growth in science and technology raises both hopes (e.g., advances in medicine) and fears (e.g., development of even more lethal weapons of war).
Yemen North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to a delimitation of their border.
Zambia The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched a far-reaching anti-corruption campaign in 2002, which resulted in the prosecution of former President Frederick CHILUBA and many of his supporters in late 2003. Opposition parties currently hold a majority of seats in the National Assembly.
Zimbabwe The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights for the black African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign begun in 2000 caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered in widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. Opposition and labor groups launched general strikes in 2003 to pressure MUGABE to retire early; security forces continued their brutal repression of regime opponents.
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2030 Airports - with paved runways
Afghanistan total: 10 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Albania total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Algeria total: 52 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 27 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
American Samoa total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Angola total: 32 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Anguilla total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Argentina total: 144 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 26 1,524 to 2,437 m: 62 914 to 1,523 m: 44 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Armenia total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Aruba total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Australia total: 305 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 1,524 to 2,437 m: 131 914 to 1,523 m: 139 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
Austria total: 24 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 14 (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan total: 27 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The total: 29 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bahrain total: 3 over 3,047 m: 2 1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bangladesh total: 15 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Barbados total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Belarus total: 50 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 22 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Belgium total: 25 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Belize total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Benin total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bermuda total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bhutan total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bolivia total: 16 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Botswana total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Brazil total: 698 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 23 1,524 to 2,437 m: 158 914 to 1,523 m: 461 under 914 m: 49 (2004 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territory total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Brunei total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bulgaria total: 128 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 19 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 92 (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Burma total: 9 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Burundi total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Cambodia total: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Cameroon total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Canada total: 503 over 3,047 m: 18 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15 1,524 to 2,437 m: 150 914 to 1,523 m: 245 under 914 m: 75 (2004 est.)
Cape Verde total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Central African Republic total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Chad total: 7 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Chile total: 71 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 15 (2004 est.)
China total: 383 over 3,047 m: 53 2,438 to 3,047 m: 116 1,524 to 2,437 m: 141 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 50 (2004 est.)
Christmas Island total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Colombia total: 101 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 39 914 to 1,523 m: 39 under 914 m: 12 (2004 est.)
Comoros total: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 24 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Congo, Republic of the total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Cook Islands total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Costa Rica total: 30 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 18 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Croatia total: 23 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Cuba total: 79 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 20 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 37 (2004 est.)
Cyprus total: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Czech Republic total: 44 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Denmark total: 28 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Djibouti total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Dominica total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Dominican Republic total: 13 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
East Timor total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Ecuador total: 62 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Egypt total: 72 over 3,047 m: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
El Salvador total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 less than 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Eritrea total: 4 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Estonia total: 14 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Ethiopia total: 14 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
European Union total: 1,834
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Faroe Islands total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Fiji total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Finland total: 75 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 27 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
France total: 283 over 3,047 m: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 28 1,524 to 2,437 m: 95 914 to 1,523 m: 82 under 914 m: 65 (2004 est.)
French Guiana total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
French Polynesia total: 37 over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Gabon total: 11 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Gambia, The total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Georgia total: 17 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Germany total: 331 over 3,047 m: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 51 1,524 to 2,437 m: 62 914 to 1,523 m: 71 under 914 m: 134 (2004 est.)
Ghana total: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Gibraltar total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Greece total: 66 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16 1,524 to 2,437 m: 20 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Greenland total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Grenada total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guadeloupe total: 8 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Guam total: 4 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guatemala total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Guernsey total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guinea total: 5 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guyana total: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Haiti total: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Honduras total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Hong Kong total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Hungary total: 18 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Iceland total: 5 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
India total: 234 over 3,047 m: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 47 1,524 to 2,437 m: 78 914 to 1,523 m: 74 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Indonesia total: 154 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 1,524 to 2,437 m: 44 914 to 1,523 m: 49 under 914 m: 44 (2004 est.)
Iran total: 127 over 3,047 m: 39 2,438 to 3,047 m: 25 1,524 to 2,437 m: 26 914 to 1,523 m: 32 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Iraq total: 79 over 3,047 m: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Ireland total: 15 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Israel total: 28 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Italy total: 96 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 32 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 30 under 914 m: 12 (2004 est.)
Jamaica total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Japan total: 143 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 37 1,524 to 2,437 m: 39 914 to 1,523 m: 28 under 914 m: 32 (2004 est.)
Jersey total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Johnston Atoll total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Jordan total: 15 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan total: 67 over 3,047 m: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 26 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Kenya total: 15 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Kiribati total: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Korea, North total: 35 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 23 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Korea, South total: 88 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 21 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 38 (2004 est.)
Kuwait total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan total: 16 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Laos total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Latvia total: 26 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 16 (2004 est.)
Lebanon total: 5 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Lesotho total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Liberia total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Libya total: 59 over 3,047 m: 23 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Lithuania total: 28 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 14 (2004 est.)
Luxembourg total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Macau total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Macedonia total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Madagascar total: 29 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Malawi total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Malaysia total: 38 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Maldives total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mali total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Malta total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Man, Isle of total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Marshall Islands total: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Martinique total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mauritania total: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Mauritius total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mayotte total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mexico total: 233 over 3,047 m: 12 2,438 to 3,047 m: 28 1,524 to 2,437 m: 84 914 to 1,523 m: 80 under 914 m: 29 (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Midway Islands total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Moldova total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mongolia total: 15 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Montserrat total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Morocco total: 25 over 3,047 m: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mozambique total: 22 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Namibia total: 21 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Nauru total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Nepal total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Netherlands total: 20 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles total: 5 over 3,047 m: 1 2038 to 3047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
New Caledonia total: 11 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
New Zealand total: 46 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Nicaragua total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Niger total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Nigeria total: 36 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Niue total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Norfolk Island total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Norway total: 65 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)
Oman total: 6 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Pakistan total: 92 over 3,047 m: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 22 1,524 to 2,437 m: 32 914 to 1,523 m: 18 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Palau total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Panama total: 44 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea total: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Paracel Islands total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Paraguay total: 12 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Peru total: 52 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 20 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Philippines total: 82 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 26 914 to 1,523 m: 35 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Poland total: 84 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 30 1,524 to 2,437 m: 40 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Portugal total: 42 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico total: 17 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Qatar total: 2 over 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Reunion total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Romania total: 25 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 (2004 est.)
Russia total: 577 over 3,047 m: 55 2,438 to 3,047 m: 197 1,524 to 2,437 m: 128 914 to 1,523 m: 98 under 914 m: 99 (2004 est.)
Rwanda total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Helena total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Lucia total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Samoa total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia total: 72 over 3,047 m: 32 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Senegal total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro total: 19 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Seychelles total: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Singapore total: 10 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Slovakia total: 17 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Slovenia total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Somalia total: 6 over 3,047 m: 4 2438 to 3047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
South Africa total: 144 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 51 914 to 1,523 m: 67 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Spain total: 95 over 3,047 m: 15 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 19 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 28 (2004 est.)
Spratly Islands total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 less than 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka total: 13 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Sudan total: 12 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Suriname total: 5 over 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Svalbard total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Swaziland total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Sweden total: 154 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 1,524 to 2,437 m: 82 914 to 1,523 m: 22 under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Switzerland total: 42 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 16 (2004 est.)
Syria total: 26 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Taiwan total: 37 over 3,047 m: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Tajikistan total: 17 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Tanzania total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Thailand total: 65 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Togo total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tonga total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Tunisia total: 14 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Turkey total: 87 over 3,047 m: 16 2,438 to 3,047 m: 30 1,524 to 2,437 m: 20 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan total: 23 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Uganda total: 4 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Ukraine total: 174 over 3,047 m: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 57 1,524 to 2,437 m: 30 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 70 (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates total: 22 over 3,047 m: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
United Kingdom total: 334 over 3,047 m: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 33 1,524 to 2,437 m: 150 914 to 1,523 m: 86 under 914 m: 57 (2004 est.)
United States total: 5,128 over 3,047 m: 188 2,438 to 3,047 m: 221 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,375 914 to 1,523 m: 2,383 under 914 m: 961 (2004 est.)
Uruguay total: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan total: 33 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 14 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Vanuatu total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1524 to 2437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Venezuela total: 127 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 31 914 to 1,523 m: 61 under 914 m: 19 (2004 est.)
Vietnam total: 21 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Wake Island total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Wallis and Futuna total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
West Bank total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Western Sahara total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Yemen total: 16 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Zambia total: 10 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe total: 17 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 8 (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2031 Airports - with unpaved runways
Afghanistan total: 37 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Albania total: 8 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Algeria total: 85 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 26 914 to 1,523 m: 38 under 914 m: 19 (2004 est.)
American Samoa total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Angola total: 211 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 30 914 to 1,523 m: 95 under 914 m: 80 (2004 est.)
Anguilla total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Antarctica total: 20 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Argentina total: 1,190 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 50 914 to 1,523 m: 569 under 914 m: 567 (2004 est.)
Armenia total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Australia total: 143 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 112 under 914 m: 14 (2004 est.)
Austria total: 31 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 27 (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan total: 23 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 15 (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The total: 34 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Bahrain total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bangladesh total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Belarus total: 83 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 64 (2004 est.)
Belgium total: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 16 (2004 est.)
Belize total: 38 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)
Benin total: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Bhutan total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bolivia total: 1,049 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 60 914 to 1,523 m: 207 under 914 m: 778 (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 19 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Botswana total: 75 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 54 under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Brazil total: 3,438 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 78 914 to 1,523 m: 1,579 under 914 m: 1,780 (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Brunei total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bulgaria total: 85 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 72 (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso total: 31 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Burma total: 69 over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 31 (2004 est.)
Burundi total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Cambodia total: 14 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Cameroon total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Canada total: 823 1,524 to 2,437 m: 67 914 to 1,523 m: 347 under 914 m: 409 (2004 est.)
Cape Verde total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Central African Republic total: 47 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
Chad total: 44 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Chile total: 293 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 60 under 914 m: 217 (2004 est.)
China total: 89 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 32 under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Colombia total: 879 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 34 914 to 1,523 m: 272 under 914 m: 572 (2004 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 206 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 92 under 914 m: 97 (2004 est.)
Congo, Republic of the total: 28 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Cook Islands total: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Costa Rica total: 119 914 to 1,523 m: 24 under 914 m: 95 (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire total: 30 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Croatia total: 45 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 37 (2004 est.)
Cuba total: 91 914 to 1,523 m: 29 under 914 m: 62 (2004 est.)
Cyprus total: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Czech Republic total: 76 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 48 (2004 est.)
Denmark total: 69 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 63 (2004 est.)
Djibouti total: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Dominican Republic total: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
East Timor total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Ecuador total: 143 914 to 1,523 m: 30 under 914 m: 113 (2004 est.)
Egypt total: 15 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
El Salvador total: 69 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 54 (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Eritrea total: 13 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Estonia total: 15 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Ethiopia total: 69 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 23 (2004 est.)
Europa Island total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
European Union total: 1,296
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Fiji total: 25 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 19 (2004 est.)
Finland total: 73 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 69 (2004 est.)
France total: 195 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 72 under 914 m: 120 (2004 est.)
French Guiana total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
French Polynesia total: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Gabon total: 45 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 23 (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Georgia total: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Germany total: 219 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 31 under 914 m: 185 (2004 est.)
Ghana total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Glorioso Islands total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Greece total: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Greenland total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Guadeloupe total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guam total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guatemala total: 441 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 109 under 914 m: 323 (2004 est.)
Guinea total: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau total: 25 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Guyana total: 41 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 32 (2004 est.)
Haiti total: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Honduras total: 104 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 18 under 914 m: 84 (2004 est.)
Hungary total: 26 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Iceland total: 93 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 29 under 914 m: 61 (2004 est.)
India total: 99 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 42 under 914 m: 45 (2004 est.)
Indonesia total: 513 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 480 (2004 est.)
Iran total: 178 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 129 under 914 m: 39 (2004 est.)
Iraq total: 32 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Ireland total: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Israel total: 23 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Italy total: 38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 18 under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Jamaica total: 24 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.)
Jan Mayen total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Japan total: 31 over 3047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)
Jordan total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Juan de Nova Island total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan total: 247 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 197 (2004 est.)
Kenya total: 206 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 110 under 914 m: 84 (2004 est.)
Kiribati total: 17 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Korea, North total: 43 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 20 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Korea, South total: 91 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 88 (2004 est.)
Kuwait total: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 31 (2004 est.)
Laos total: 35 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Latvia total: 24 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Lebanon total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Lesotho total: 25 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Liberia total: 51 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 38 (2004 est.)
Libya total: 80 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 41 under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Lithuania total: 74 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 68 (2004 est.)
Luxembourg total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Macedonia total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Madagascar total: 87 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 42 under 914 m: 43 (2004 est.)
Malawi total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Malaysia total: 79 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 72 (2004 est.)
Maldives total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Mali total: 19 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Marshall Islands total: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Martinique total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mauritania total: 16 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mauritius total: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Mexico total: 1,600 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 69 914 to 1,523 m: 454 under 914 m: 1,075 (2004 est.)
Midway Islands total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Moldova total: 17 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Mongolia total: 31 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Morocco total: 38 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Mozambique total: 136 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 34 under 914 m: 87 (2004 est.)
Namibia total: 115 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 914 to 1,523 m: 71 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Nepal total: 37 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 29 (2004 est.)
Netherlands total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
New Caledonia total: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
New Zealand total: 70 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 29 under 914 m: 39 (2004 est.)
Nicaragua total: 165 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 141 (2004 est.)
Niger total: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Nigeria total: 34 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Norway total: 36 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 29 (2004 est.)
Oman total: 130 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 52 914 to 1,523 m: 34 under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Pakistan total: 39 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Palau total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Palmyra Atoll total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Panama total: 61 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 49 (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea total: 550 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 62 under 914 m: 478 (2004 est.)
Paraguay total: 866 1,524 to 2,437 m: 26 914 to 1,523 m: 323 under 914 m: 517 (2004 est.)
Peru total: 182 1,524 to 2,437 m: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 62 under 914 m: 99 (2004 est.)
Philippines total: 173 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 68 under 914 m: 100 (2004 est.)
Poland total: 39 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Portugal total: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico total: 13 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Qatar total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Romania total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 24 (2004 est.)
Russia total: 2,009 over 3,047 m: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 30 1,524 to 2,437 m: 111 914 to 1,523 m: 257 under 914 m: 1,597 (2004 est.)
Rwanda total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Samoa total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia total: 129 over 3047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 72 914 to 1,523 m: 39 under 914 m: 12 (2004 est.)
Senegal total: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro total: 25 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
Seychelles total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone total: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Slovakia total: 17 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Slovenia total: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands total: 31 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Somalia total: 54 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 19 914 to 1,523 m: 29 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
South Africa total: 584 1,524 to 2,437 m: 34 914 to 1,523 m: 300 under 914 m: 250 (2004 est.)
Spain total: 61 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 44 (2004 est.)
Spratly Islands total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Sudan total: 63 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 33 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Suriname total: 41 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Svalbard total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Swaziland total: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Sweden total: 100 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 90 (2004 est.)
Switzerland total: 23 under 914 m: 23 (2004 est.)
Syria total: 66 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 54 (2004 est.)
Taiwan total: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tajikistan total: 38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Tanzania total: 112 1,524 to 2,437 m: 19 914 to 1,523 m: 60 under 914 m: 33 (2004 est.)
Thailand total: 44 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 28 (2004 est.)
Togo total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tonga total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tromelin Island total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Tunisia total: 16 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Turkey total: 32 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan total: 30 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tuvalu total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Uganda total: 25 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Ukraine total: 482 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 34 under 914 m: 428 (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates total: 13 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
United Kingdom total: 137 2438 to 3047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 112 (2004 est.)
United States total: 9,729 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 160 914 to 1,523 m: 1,718 under 914 m: 7,843 (2004 est.)
Uruguay total: 50 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 31 (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan total: 193 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 187 (2004 est.)
Vanuatu total: 27 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Venezuela total: 242 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 88 under 914 m: 144 (2004 est.)
Vietnam total: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Wallis and Futuna total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Western Sahara total: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Yemen total: 28 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Zambia total: 99 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 62 under 914 m: 32 (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe total: 387 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 186 under 914 m: 196 (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2032 Environment - current issues
Afghanistan limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification; air and water pollution
Akrotiri shooting around the salt lake; note - breeding place for loggerhead and green turtles; only remaining colony of griffon vultures is on the base
Albania deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents
Algeria soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water
American Samoa limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines
Andorra deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal
Angola overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
Anguilla supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system
Antarctica in 1998, NASA satellite data showed that the antarctic ozone hole was the largest on record, covering 27 million square kilometers; researchers in 1997 found that increased ultraviolet light passing through the hole damages the DNA of icefish, an antarctic fish lacking hemoglobin; ozone depletion earlier was shown to harm one-celled antarctic marine plants; in 2002, significant areas of ice shelves disintegrated in response to regional warming
Antigua and Barbuda water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly
Arctic Ocean endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Argentina environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as deforestation, soil degradation, desertification, air pollution, and water pollution note: Argentina is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas targets
Armenia soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone
Aruba NA
Ashmore and Cartier Islands NA
Atlantic Ocean endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; drift net fishing is hastening the decline of fish stocks and contributing to international disputes; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea
Australia soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources
Austria some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe
Azerbaijan local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution results from oil spills, from the use of DDT as a pesticide, and from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton
Bahamas, The coral reef decay; solid waste disposal
Bahrain desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs
Baker Island no natural fresh water resources
Bangladesh many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; water-borne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation
Barbados pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers
Bassas da India NA
Belarus soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine
Belgium the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, extensive animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries; uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) have slowed progress in tackling environmental challenges
Belize deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff; solid and sewage waste disposal
Benin inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification
Bermuda asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Bhutan soil erosion; limited access to potable water
Bolivia the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation
Bosnia and Herzegovina air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95 civil strife; deforestation
Botswana overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources
Bouvet Island NA
Brazil deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills
British Indian Ocean Territory NA
British Virgin Islands limited natural fresh water resources (except for a few seasonal streams and springs on Tortola, most of the islands' water supply comes from wells and rainwater catchments)
Brunei seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Bulgaria air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes
Burkina Faso recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation
Burma deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease
Burundi soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Cambodia illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing
Cameroon waterborne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing
Canada air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities
Cape Verde soil erosion; deforestation due to demand for wood used as fuel; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing
Cayman Islands no natural fresh water resources; drinking water supplies must be met by rainwater catchments
Central African Republic tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished the country's reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges; desertification; deforestation
Chad inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
Chile widespread deforestation and mining threaten natural resources; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage
China air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species
Christmas Island NA
Clipperton Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands fresh water resources are limited to rainwater accumulations in natural underground reservoirs
Colombia deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions
Comoros soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation
Congo, Democratic Republic of the poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; refugees responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching; mining of minerals (coltan - a mineral used in creating capacitors, diamonds, and gold) causing environmental damage
Congo, Republic of the air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable; deforestation
Cook Islands NA
Coral Sea Islands no permanent fresh water resources
Costa Rica deforestation and land use change, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching and agriculture; soil erosion; coastal marine pollution; fisheries protection; solid waste management; air pollution
Cote d'Ivoire deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents
Croatia air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife
Cuba air and water pollution; biodiversity loss; deforestation
Cyprus water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization
Czech Republic air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; efforts to bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution
Denmark air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides
Dhekelia netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn
Djibouti inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species
Dominica NA
Dominican Republic water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation
East Timor widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion
Ecuador deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands
Egypt agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources
El Salvador deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes
Equatorial Guinea tap water is not potable; deforestation
Eritrea deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare
Estonia air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was one twentieth the level of 1980; in connection with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations
Ethiopia deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management
Europa Island NA
European Union NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji deforestation; soil erosion
Finland air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
France some forest damage from acid rain; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff
French Guiana NA
French Polynesia NA
French Southern and Antarctic Lands NA
Gabon deforestation; poaching
Gambia, The deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent
Gaza Strip desertification; salination of fresh water; sewage treatment; water-borne disease; soil degradation; depletion and contamination of underground water resources
Georgia air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals
Germany emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive
Ghana recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water
Gibraltar limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Glorioso Islands NA
Greece air pollution; water pollution
Greenland protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting
Grenada NA
Guadeloupe NA
Guam extirpation of native bird population by the rapid proliferation of the brown tree snake, an exotic, invasive species
Guatemala deforestation in the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution
Guernsey NA
Guinea deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices have led to environmental damage
Guinea-Bissau deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing
Guyana water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation
Haiti extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water
Heard Island and McDonald Islands NA
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water), as well as several rivers and streams, with heavy metals
Hong Kong air and water pollution from rapid urbanization
Howland Island no natural fresh water resources
Hungary the upgrading of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution to meet EU requirements will require large investments
Iceland water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment
India deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources
Indian Ocean endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea
Indonesia deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires
Iran air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization
Iraq government water control projects have drained most of the inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Marsh Arabs, who inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; development of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification
Ireland water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff
Israel limited arable land and natural fresh water resources pose serious constraints; desertification; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides
Italy air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities
Jamaica heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions
Jan Mayen NA
Japan air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere
Jarvis Island no natural fresh water resources
Jersey NA
Johnston Atoll no natural fresh water resources
Jordan limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Juan de Nova Island NA
Kazakhstan radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with former defense industries and test ranges scattered throughout the country pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers which flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salination from poor infrastructure and wasteful irrigation practices
Kenya water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching
Kingman Reef none
Kiribati heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk
Korea, North water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; waterborne disease; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation
Korea, South air pollution in large cities; acid rain; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; drift net fishing
Kuwait limited natural fresh water resources; some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water; air and water pollution; desertification
Kyrgyzstan water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices
Laos unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; most of the population does not have access to potable water
Latvia Latvia's environment has benefited from a shift to service industries after the country regained independence; the main environmental priorities are improvement of drinking water quality and sewage system, household, and hazardous waste management, as well as reduction of air pollution; in 2001, Latvia closed the EU accession negotiation chapter on environment committing to full enforcement of EU environmental directives by 2010
Lebanon deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills
Lesotho population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa
Liberia tropical rain forest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage
Libya desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Liechtenstein NA
Lithuania contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases
Luxembourg air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland
Macau NA
Macedonia air pollution from metallurgical plants
Madagascar soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered
Malawi deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations
Malaysia air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires
Maldives depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching
Mali deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
Malta very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desalination
Man, Isle of waste disposal (both household and industrial); transboundary air pollution
Marshall Islands inadequate supplies of potable water; pollution of Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing vessels
Martinique NA
Mauritania overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Senegal, which is the only perennial river; locust infestation
Mauritius water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Mayotte NA
Mexico scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to urban migration; natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion note: the government considers the lack of clean water and deforestation national security issues
Micronesia, Federated States of overfishing, climate change, pollution
Midway Islands NA
Moldova heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
Monaco NA
Mongolia limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment
Montserrat land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation
Morocco land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters
Mozambique a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem
Namibia very limited natural fresh water resources; desertification; wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas
Nauru limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Navassa Island NA
Nepal deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions
Netherlands water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain
Netherlands Antilles NA
New Caledonia erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires
New Zealand deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside
Nicaragua deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution
Niger overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Nigeria soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
Niue increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands contamination of groundwater on Saipan may contribute to disease; clean-up of landfill; protection of endangered species conflicts with development
Norway water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions
Oman rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; very limited natural fresh water resources
Pacific Ocean endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea
Pakistan water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
Palau inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging, illegal fishing practices, and overfishing
Palmyra Atoll NA
Panama water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation and soil erosion threatens siltation of Panama Canal; air pollution in urban areas; mining threatens natural resources
Papua New Guinea rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought
Paracel Islands NA
Paraguay deforestation; water pollution; inadequate means for waste disposal pose health risks for many urban residents; loss of wetlands
Peru deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes
Philippines uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding grounds
Pitcairn Islands deforestation (only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement)
Poland situation has improved since 1989 due to decline in heavy industry and increased environmental concern by post-Communist governments; air pollution nonetheless remains serious because of sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants, and the resulting acid rain has caused forest damage; water pollution from industrial and municipal sources is also a problem, as is disposal of hazardous wastes; pollution levels should continue to decrease as industrial establishments bring their facilities up to European Union code, but at substantial cost to business and the government
Portugal soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
Puerto Rico erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages
Qatar limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Reunion NA
Romania soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
Russia air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination; groundwater contamination from toxic waste; urban solid waste management; abandoned stocks of obsolete pesticides
Rwanda deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region
Saint Pierre and Miquelon recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas, pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive
Samoa soil erosion, deforestation, invasive species, overfishing
San Marino NA
Sao Tome and Principe deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
Saudi Arabia desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills
Senegal wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
Serbia and Montenegro pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
Seychelles water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater
Sierra Leone rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing
Singapore industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Slovakia air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests
Slovenia Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain
Solomon Islands deforestation; soil erosion; many of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying
Somalia famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
South Africa lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage outpacing supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands NA
Southern Ocean increased solar ultraviolet radiation resulting from the Antarctic ozone hole in recent years, reducing marine primary productivity (phytoplankton) by as much as 15% and damaging the DNA of some fish; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in recent years, especially the landing of an estimated five to six times more Patagonian toothfish than the regulated fishery, which is likely to affect the sustainability of the stock; large amount of incidental mortality of seabirds resulting from long-line fishing for toothfish note: the now-protected fur seal population is making a strong comeback after severe overexploitation in the 18th and 19th centuries
Spain pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation; desertification
Spratly Islands NA
Sri Lanka deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching and urbanization; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff; waste disposal; air pollution in Colombo
Sudan inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought
Suriname deforestation as timber is cut for export; pollution of inland waterways by small-scale mining activities
Svalbard NA
Swaziland limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion
Sweden acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
Switzerland air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity
Syria deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water
Taiwan air pollution; water pollution from industrial emissions, raw sewage; contamination of drinking water supplies; trade in endangered species; low-level radioactive waste disposal
Tajikistan inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides
Tanzania soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory
Thailand air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting
Togo deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Tokelau very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand
Tonga deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Trinidad and Tobago water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion
Tromelin Island NA
Tunisia toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Turkey water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic
Turkmenistan contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
Turks and Caicos Islands limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater
Tuvalu since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary
Uganda draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; poaching is widespread
Ukraine inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
United Arab Emirates lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills
United Kingdom continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move towards a domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005 the government aims to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015; between 1998-99 and 1999-2000, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3%
United States air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural fresh water resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification
Uruguay water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal
Uzbekistan shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT
Vanuatu a majority of the population does not have access to a reliable supply of potable water; deforestation
Venezuela sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations
Vietnam logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; growing urban industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
Virgin Islands lack of natural freshwater resources
Wake Island NA
Wallis and Futuna deforestation (only small portions of the original forests remain) largely as a result of the continued use of wood as the main fuel source; as a consequence of cutting down the forests, the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly prone to erosion; there are no permanent settlements on Alofi because of the lack of natural fresh water resources
West Bank adequacy of fresh water supply; sewage treatment
Western Sahara sparse water and lack of arable land
World large areas subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of wildlife, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion
Yemen very limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Zambia air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Zimbabwe deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2033 Environment - international agreements
Afghanistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Albania party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Algeria party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Andorra party to: Hazardous Wastes signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Angola party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Antigua and Barbuda party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Argentina party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Armenia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Australia party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Austria party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Azerbaijan party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bahamas, The party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bahrain party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bangladesh party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Barbados party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Belarus party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Belgium party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Belize party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Benin party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bhutan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Bolivia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
Bosnia and Herzegovina party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Botswana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Brazil party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Brunei party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bulgaria party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Burkina Faso party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Burma party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Burundi party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Cambodia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Cameroon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Canada party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation
Cape Verde party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Central African Republic party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Chad party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Chile party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
China party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Colombia party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Comoros party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Congo, Democratic Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Congo, Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Cook Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Costa Rica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Cote d'Ivoire party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Croatia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Cuba party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Cyprus party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Czech Republic party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Denmark party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Djibouti party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Dominica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Dominican Republic party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
East Timor NA
Ecuador party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Egypt party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
El Salvador party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Equatorial Guinea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Eritrea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Estonia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethiopia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
European Union party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 82, Tropical Timber 94 signed but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Fiji party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Finland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
France party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Gabon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Gambia, The party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Georgia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Germany party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ghana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Greece party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Grenada party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Guatemala party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Guinea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Guinea-Bissau party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Guyana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Haiti party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes
Holy See (Vatican City) party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification
Honduras party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Hong Kong party to: Marine Dumping (associate member)
Hungary party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Iceland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation
India party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Indonesia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Iran party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Iraq party to: Law of the Sea signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ireland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation
Israel party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Italy party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Jamaica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Japan party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
Jordan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Kazakhstan party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Kenya party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Kiribati party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Korea, North party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Korea, South party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Kuwait party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping
Kyrgyzstan party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Laos party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Latvia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Lebanon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation
Lesotho party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Liberia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Libya party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Liechtenstein party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Lithuania party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Luxembourg party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Macedonia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Madagascar party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Malawi party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Malaysia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
Maldives party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mali party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Malta party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Marshall Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mauritania party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mauritius party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mexico party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Micronesia, Federated States of party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Moldova party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Monaco party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Mongolia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Morocco party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
Mozambique party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Namibia party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Nauru party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Nepal party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Netherlands party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
New Zealand party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation
Nicaragua party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Niger party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Nigeria party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Niue party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Norway party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Oman party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Pakistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Palau party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Panama party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Papua New Guinea party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Paraguay party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Peru party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Philippines party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Poland party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Portugal party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification
Qatar party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Romania party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Russia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Rwanda party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Saint Kitts and Nevis party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Saint Lucia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Samoa party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
San Marino party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Sao Tome and Principe party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Saudi Arabia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Senegal party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Serbia and Montenegro party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Seychelles party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Sierra Leone party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Singapore party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Slovakia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Slovenia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Solomon Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Somalia party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
South Africa party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Southern Ocean the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing) note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the very cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north
Spain party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Sri Lanka party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Sudan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Suriname party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Swaziland party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Sweden party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Switzerland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Syria party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Taiwan party to: none of the selected agreements because of Taiwan's international status signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements because of Taiwan's international status
Tajikistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tanzania party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Thailand party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Togo party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tonga party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Trinidad and Tobago party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tunisia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Turkey party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Turkmenistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tuvalu party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Uganda party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ukraine party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
United Arab Emirates party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
United Kingdom party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
United States party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes
Uruguay party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
Uzbekistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Vanuatu party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Venezuela party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed but not ratified:: none of the selected agreements
Vietnam party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Western Sahara party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Yemen party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Zambia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Zimbabwe party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2034 Military expenditures - percent of GDP (%)
Afghanistan 2.6% (2004)
Albania 1.49% (FY02)
Algeria 3.2% (2004)
Angola 10.6% (2004)
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina 1.3% (FY00)
Armenia 6.5% (FY01)
Australia 2.7% (2004)
Austria 0.9% (2004)
Azerbaijan 2.6% (FY99)
Bahamas, The NA
Bahrain 6.3% (2004)
Bangladesh 1.8% (2004)
Barbados NA
Belarus 1.4% (FY02)
Belgium 1.3% (2003)
Belize 2% (2003)
Benin 2.4% (2004)
Bermuda 0.11% (FY00/01)
Bhutan 1.8% (2004)
Bolivia 1.6% (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.5% (FY02)
Botswana 3.9% (2004)
Brazil 1.8% (2004)
Brunei 5.1% (2004)
Bulgaria 2.6% (2003)
Burkina Faso 1.3% (2004)
Burma 2.1% (FY97)
Burundi 6% (2004)
Cambodia 3% (FY01 est.)
Cameroon 1.6% (2004)
Canada 1.1% (2003)
Cape Verde 1.5% (2004)
Central African Republic 1% (2004)
Chad 2.1% (2004)
Chile 3.8% (2004)
China 4.3% (2004)
Colombia 3.4% (FY01)
Comoros 3% (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1.5% (2004)
Congo, Republic of the 2.8% (2004)
Costa Rica 0.4% (2003)
Cote d'Ivoire 1.2% (2004)
Croatia 2.39% (2002 est.)
Cuba 1.8% (2003)
Cyprus 3.8% (FY02)
Czech Republic 2.02% (2004)
Denmark 1.5% (2004)
Djibouti 4.4% (2004)
Dominica NA
Dominican Republic 1.1% (1998)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 2.2% (2004)
Egypt 3.4% (2004)
El Salvador 1.1% (2003)
Equatorial Guinea 2.5% (2004)
Eritrea 13.4% (2004)
Estonia 2% (2002 est.)
Ethiopia 4.6% (2004)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji 2.2% (FY02)
Finland 2% (FY98/99)
France 2.6% (2003)
French Guiana NA
Gabon 2% (2004)
Gambia, The 0.3% (2004)
Gaza Strip NA
Georgia 0.59% (FY00)
Germany 1.5% (2003)
Ghana 0.6% (2004)
Greece 4.3% (2003)
Grenada NA
Guatemala 0.8% (2003)
Guinea 1.7% (2004)
Guinea-Bissau 3.1% (2004)
Guyana 0.9% (2004)
Haiti 0.9% (2003)
Honduras 1.4% (2004)
Hong Kong NA
Hungary 1.75% (2002 est.)
India 2.93% (2005/06)
Indonesia 3% (2004)
Iran 3.3% (2003 est.)
Iraq NA
Ireland 0.9% (FY00/01)
Israel 8.7% (FY02)
Italy 1.8% (2004)
Jamaica 0.4% (2003)
Japan 1% (2004)
Jordan 14.6% (2004)
Kazakhstan 0.9% (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)
Kenya 1.3% (2004)
Kiribati NA
Korea, North NA
Korea, South 2.8% (2004)
Kuwait 5.3% (2004)
Kyrgyzstan 1.4% (FY01)
Laos 0.5% (2004)
Latvia 1.2% (FY01)
Lebanon 3.1% (FY99) (2004)
Lesotho 2.3% (2004)
Liberia 0.2% (2004)
Libya 3.9% (FY99)
Lithuania 1.9% (FY01)
Luxembourg 0.9% (2003)
Macedonia 6% (FY01/02 est.)
Madagascar 1.2% (2004)
Malawi 0.7% (2004)
Malaysia 2.03% (FY00)
Maldives 5.5% (2004)
Mali 0.4% (2004)
Malta 0.7% (2004)
Marshall Islands NA
Mauritania 1.7% (2004)
Mauritius 0.2% (2004)
Mexico 0.9% (2004)
Moldova 0.4% (FY02)
Mongolia 2.2% (FY02)
Morocco 5% (2004)
Mozambique 2.2% (2004)
Namibia 3.1% (2004)
Nauru NA
Nepal 1.5% (2004)
Netherlands 1.6% (2004)
New Caledonia NA
New Zealand 1% (FY02)
Nicaragua 0.7% (2004)
Niger 1.1% (2004)
Nigeria 0.8% (2004)
Norway 1.9% (2003)
Oman 11.4% (2003)
Pakistan 4.9% (2004)
Palau NA
Panama 1.1% (2004)
Papua New Guinea 1.4% (FY02)
Paraguay 0.9% (2003)
Peru 1.4% (2004)
Philippines 1% (2004)
Poland 1.71% (2002)
Portugal 2.3% (2003)
Qatar 10% (FY00)
Romania 2.47% (2002)
Russia NA
Rwanda 3.2% (2004)
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA
Samoa NA
San Marino NA
Sao Tome and Principe 0.8% (2004)
Saudi Arabia 10% (2002)
Senegal 1.5% (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro NA
Seychelles 1.8% (2004)
Sierra Leone 1.7% (2004)
Singapore 4.9% (FY01)
Slovakia 1.89% (2002)
Slovenia 1.7% (FY00)
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia 0.9% (2003)
South Africa 1.5% (2004)
Spain 1.2% (2003)
Sri Lanka 2.6% (2004)
Sudan 3% (1999) (2004)
Suriname 0.7% (2003)
Swaziland 1.4% (2004)
Sweden 1.7% (2004)
Switzerland 1% (FY01)
Syria 5.9% (FY00)
Taiwan 2.6% (2004)
Tajikistan 3.9% (FY01)
Tanzania 0.2% (2004)
Thailand 1.8% (2003)
Togo 1.9% (2004)
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago 0.6% (2003)
Tunisia 1.5% (FY99)
Turkey 5.3% (2003)
Turkmenistan 3.4% (FY99)
Tuvalu NA
Uganda 2.2% (2004)
Ukraine 1.4% (FY02)
United Arab Emirates 3.1% (FY00)
United Kingdom 2.4% (2003)
United States 3.3% (FY03 est.) (February 2004)
Uruguay 2% (2004)
Uzbekistan 2% (FY97)
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela 1.5% (2004)
Vietnam 2.5% (FY98)
West Bank NA
World roughly 2% of gross world product (1999 est.)
Yemen 7.8% (2003)
Zambia 1.8% (2004)
Zimbabwe 4.3% (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2038 Electricity - production (kWh)
Afghanistan 540 million kWh (2002)
Albania 5.68 billion kWh (2004)
Algeria 25.76 billion kWh (2002)
American Samoa 130 million kWh (2002)
Andorra NA kWh
Angola 1.707 billion kWh (2002)
Anguilla NA
Antigua and Barbuda 110.8 million kWh (2002)
Argentina 81.39 billion kWh (2002)
Armenia 6.492 billion kWh (2002)
Aruba 807.7 million kWh (2002)
Australia 210.3 billion kWh (2002)
Austria 58.49 billion kWh (2002)
Azerbaijan 17.55 billion kWh (2002)
Bahamas, The 1.716 billion kWh (2002)
Bahrain 6.86 billion kWh (2002)
Bangladesh 16.45 billion kWh (2002)
Barbados 800 million kWh (2002)
Belarus 30 billion kWh (2004)
Belgium 76.58 billion kWh (2002)
Belize 117 million kWh (2002)
Benin 285.2 million kWh (2002)
Bermuda 643 million kWh (2002)
Bhutan 2.001 billion kWh (2002)
Bolivia 4.132 billion kWh (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 10.04 billion kWh (2002)
Botswana 930 million kWh (2002)
Brazil 339 billion kWh (2002)
British Indian Ocean Territory NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
British Virgin Islands 36.28 million kWh (2002)
Brunei 2.458 billion kWh (2002)
Bulgaria 43.07 billion kWh (2002)
Burkina Faso 361 million kWh (2002)
Burma 5.068 billion kWh (2003)
Burundi 132 million kWh (2002)
Cambodia 122 million kWh (2003)
Cameroon 3.571 billion kWh (2002)
Canada 548.9 billion kWh (2002)
Cape Verde 43.08 million kWh (2002)
Cayman Islands 410.8 million kWh (2002)
Central African Republic 106 million kWh (2002)
Chad 96.13 million kWh (2002)
Chile 48.6 billion kWh (2004)
China 1.91 trillion kWh (2003)
Colombia 44.87 billion kWh (2002)
Comoros 23.84 million kWh (2002)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6.086 billion kWh (2002)
Congo, Republic of the 348 million kWh (2002)
Cook Islands 27 million kWh (2002)
Costa Rica 6.614 billion kWh (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 4.759 billion kWh (2002)
Croatia 12.51 billion kWh (2002)
Cuba 14.41 billion kWh (2002)
Cyprus 4 billion kWh; north Cyprus: NA kWh (2003)
Czech Republic 71.75 billion kWh (2002)
Denmark 36.38 billion kWh (2002)
Djibouti 180 million kWh (2002)
Dominica 68.41 million kWh (2002)
Dominican Republic 9.583 billion kWh (2002)
East Timor NA kWh (2002)
Ecuador 11.54 billion kWh (2002)
Egypt 81.27 billion kWh (2002)
El Salvador 4.158 billion kWh (2004)
Equatorial Guinea 26.69 million kWh (2002)
Eritrea 246.6 million kWh (2002)
Estonia 8.301 billion kWh (2002)
Ethiopia 2.149 billion kWh (2002)
European Union 2.888 trillion kWh (2002 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 19.06 million kWh (2002)
Faroe Islands 220 million kWh (2002)
Fiji 750 million kWh (2002)
Finland 71.59 billion kWh (2002)
France 528.6 billion kWh (2002)
French Guiana 460.1 million kWh (2002)
French Polynesia 380 million kWh (2002)
Gabon 1.161 billion kWh (2002)
Gambia, The 90.31 million kWh (2002)
Gaza Strip NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel
Georgia 6.732 billion kWh (2002)
Germany 560 billion kWh (2003)
Ghana 6.922 billion kWh (2002)
Gibraltar 104 million kWh (2002)
Greece 47.22 billion kWh (2002)
Greenland 245 million kWh (2002)
Grenada 149 million kWh (2002)
Guadeloupe 1.16 billion kWh (2002)
Guam 835 million kWh (2002)
Guatemala 6.608 billion kWh (2002)
Guernsey NA kWh
Guinea 855 million kWh (2002)
Guinea-Bissau 55 million kWh (2002)
Guyana 808 million kWh (2002)
Haiti 618 million kWh (2002)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA kWh
Honduras 3.626 billion kWh (2002)
Hong Kong 35.51 billion kWh (2003)
Hungary 34.07 billion kWh (2002)
Iceland 8.271 billion kWh (2002)
India 547.2 billion kWh (2002)
Indonesia 110.2 billion kWh (2003)
Iran 129 billion kWh (2002)
Iraq 32.6 billion kWh (2004)
Ireland 22.88 billion kWh (2002)
Israel 42.67 billion kWh (2002)
Italy 261.6 billion kWh (2002)
Jamaica 6.289 billion kWh (2002)
Japan 1.044 trillion kWh (2002)
Jordan 7.307 billion kWh (2002)
Kazakhstan 66.82 billion kWh (2003)
Kenya 4.475 billion kWh (2002)
Kiribati 7 million kWh (2002)
Korea, North 33.62 billion kWh (2002)
Korea, South 322.5 billion kWh (2003)
Kuwait 32.43 billion kWh (2002)
Kyrgyzstan 11.72 billion kWh (2002)
Laos 3.56 billion kWh (2002)
Latvia 4.547 billion kWh (2002)
Lebanon 8.066 billion kWh (2002)
Lesotho 314 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)
Liberia 488.8 million kWh (2002)
Libya 20.89 billion kWh (2002)
Lithuania 17.93 billion kWh (2002)
Luxembourg 2.511 billion kWh (2002)
Macau 1.719 billion kWh (2003)
Macedonia 6.273 billion kWh (2003)
Madagascar 840.2 million kWh (2002)
Malawi 1.088 billion kWh (2002)
Malaysia 75.33 billion kWh (2002)
Maldives 124.4 million kWh (2002)
Mali 700 million kWh (2002)
Malta 2.15 billion kWh (2002)
Martinique 1.178 billion kWh (2002)
Mauritania 190.2 million kWh (2002)
Mauritius 1.836 billion kWh (2002)
Mayotte NA kWh
Mexico 203.6 billion kWh (2002)
Micronesia, Federated States of 192 million kWh (2002)
Moldova 3.876 billion kWh (2002)
Mongolia 2.692 billion kWh (2004 est.)
Montserrat 1.8 million kWh (2002)
Morocco 13.91 billion kWh (2002)
Mozambique 8.859 billion kWh (2002)
Namibia 1.167 billion kWh (2002)
Nauru 30 million kWh (2002)
Nepal 2.054 billion kWh (2002)
Netherlands 90.61 billion kWh (2002)
Netherlands Antilles 1.005 billion kWh (2002)
New Caledonia 1.581 billion kWh (2002)
New Zealand 38.39 billion kWh (2002)
Nicaragua 2.553 billion kWh (2002)
Niger 266.2 million kWh (2002)
Nigeria 19.85 billion kWh (2002)
Niue 3 million kWh (2002)
Norfolk Island NA kWh
Northern Mariana Islands NA kWh
Norway 125.9 billion kWh (2002)
Oman 9.896 billion kWh (2003)
Pakistan 75.27 billion kWh (2003)
Panama 4.873 billion kWh (2002)
Papua New Guinea 1.679 billion kWh (2002)
Paraguay 48.36 billion kWh (2002)
Peru 22.88 billion kWh (2004 est.)
Philippines 52.86 billion kWh (2003)
Pitcairn Islands NA kWh; note - electric power is provided by a small diesel-powered generator
Poland 133.8 billion kWh (2002)
Portugal 43.28 billion kWh (2002)
Puerto Rico 22.09 billion kWh (2002)
Qatar 9.727 billion kWh (2002)
Reunion 1.166 billion kWh (2002)
Romania 56.53 billion kWh (2003)
Russia 915 billion kWh (2003)
Rwanda 166.7 million kWh (2002)
Saint Helena 5 million kWh (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 105.8 million kWh (2002)
Saint Lucia 270.3 million kWh (2002)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 43.08 million kWh (2002)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 91.2 million kWh (2002)
Samoa 122 million kWh (2002)
Sao Tome and Principe 17 million kWh (2002)
Saudi Arabia 138.2 billion kWh (2002)
Senegal 1.737 billion kWh (2002)
Serbia and Montenegro 31.64 billion kWh (2002)
Seychelles 218 million kWh (2002)
Sierra Leone 255.3 million kWh (2002)
Singapore 35.33 billion kWh (2003)
Slovakia 31.15 billion kWh (2003)
Slovenia 12.49 billion kWh (2003)
Solomon Islands 32 million kWh (2002)
Somalia 240.3 million kWh (2002)
South Africa 202.6 billion kWh (2002)
Spain 229 billion kWh (2002)
Sri Lanka 6.697 billion kWh (2002)
Sudan 2.581 billion kWh (2002)
Suriname 1.984 billion kWh (2002)
Swaziland 402 million kWh (2002)
Sweden 142.8 billion kWh (2002)
Switzerland 63.47 billion kWh (2002)
Syria 26.15 billion kWh (2002)
Taiwan 158.5 billion kWh (2002)
Tajikistan 15.08 billion kWh (2002)
Tanzania 2.727 billion kWh (2002)
Thailand 118.9 billion kWh (2003)
Togo 108.8 million kWh (2002)
Tokelau NA kWh
Tonga 24.79 million kWh (2002)
Trinidad and Tobago 5.743 billion kWh (2002)
Tunisia 10.72 billion kWh (2002)
Turkey 139.7 billion kWh (2003)
Turkmenistan 11.41 billion kWh (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 5 million kWh (2002)
Uganda 1.775 billion kWh (2002)
Ukraine 180 billion kWh (2003)
United Arab Emirates 45.12 billion kWh (2004)
United Kingdom 395.9 billion kWh (2003)
United States 3.839 trillion kWh (2002)
Uruguay 8.536 billion kWh (2003)
Uzbekistan 47.7 billion kWh (2002)
Vanuatu 48.42 million kWh (2002)
Venezuela 89.7 billion kWh (2003)
Vietnam 34.48 billion kWh (2002)
Virgin Islands 1.035 billion kWh (2002)
Wake Island NA
Wallis and Futuna NA kWh
West Bank NA kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; East Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank; the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most Jewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinian municipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their own electricity from small power plants
Western Sahara 90 million kWh (2002)
World 15.29 trillion kWh (2002 est.)
Yemen 3.04 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Zambia 8.167 billion kWh (2002)
Zimbabwe 8.839 billion kWh (2002)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2042 Electricity - consumption (kWh)
Afghanistan 652.2 million kWh (2002)
Albania 6.76 billion kWh (2004)
Algeria 23.61 billion kWh (2002)
American Samoa 120.9 million kWh (2002)
Andorra NA kWh
Angola 1.587 billion kWh (2002)
Anguilla 42.6 million kWh
Antigua and Barbuda 103 million kWh (2002)
Argentina 81.65 billion kWh (2002)
Armenia 5.797 billion kWh (2002)
Aruba 751.2 million kWh (2002)
Australia 195.6 billion kWh (2002)
Austria 55.09 billion kWh (2002)
Azerbaijan 17.37 billion kWh (2002)
Bahamas, The 1.596 billion kWh (2002)
Bahrain 6.379 billion kWh (2002)
Bangladesh 15.3 billion kWh (2002)
Barbados 744 million kWh (2002)
Belarus 34.3 billion kWh (2004)
Belgium 78.82 billion kWh (2002)
Belize 108.8 million kWh (2002)
Benin 565.2 million kWh (2002)
Bermuda 598 million kWh (2002)
Bhutan 312.9 million kWh (2002)
Bolivia 3.848 billion kWh (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.318 billion kWh (2002)
Botswana 1.89 billion kWh (2002)
Brazil 351.9 billion kWh (2002)
British Indian Ocean Territory NA kWh
British Virgin Islands 33.74 million kWh (2002)
Brunei 2.286 billion kWh (2002)
Bulgaria 32.71 billion kWh (2002)
Burkina Faso 335.7 million kWh (2002)
Burma 3.484 billion kWh (2003)
Burundi 137.8 million kWh (2002)
Cambodia 100.6 million kWh (2002)
Cameroon 3.321 billion kWh (2002)
Canada 487.3 billion kWh (2002)
Cape Verde 40.06 million kWh (2002)
Cayman Islands 382.1 million kWh (2002)
Central African Republic 98.58 million kWh (2002)
Chad 89.4 million kWh (2002)
Chile 41.8 billion kWh (2002)
China 1.63 trillion kWh (2003)
Colombia 41.14 billion kWh (2002)
Comoros 22.17 million kWh (2002)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 4.168 billion kWh (2002)
Congo, Republic of the 573.6 million kWh (2002)
Cook Islands 25.11 million kWh (2002)
Costa Rica 5.733 billion kWh (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 2.976 billion kWh (2002)
Croatia 15.2 billion kWh (2002)
Cuba 13.4 billion kWh (2002)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 3.663 billion kWh (2003); north Cyprus: 602 million kWh (2003)
Czech Republic 55.33 billion kWh (2002)
Denmark 31.63 billion kWh (2002)
Djibouti 167.4 million kWh (2002)
Dominica 63.62 million kWh (2002)
Dominican Republic 8.912 billion kWh (2002)
East Timor NA kWh (2002)
Ecuador 10.79 billion kWh (2002)
Egypt 75.58 billion kWh (2002)
El Salvador 4.45 billion kWh (2004)
Equatorial Guinea 24.82 million kWh (2002)
Eritrea 229.4 million kWh (2002)
Estonia 6.358 billion kWh (2002)
Ethiopia 1.998 billion kWh (2002)
European Union 2.661 trillion kWh (2002 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 17.72 million kWh (2002)
Faroe Islands 204.6 million kWh (2002)
Fiji 697.5 million kWh (2002)
Finland 78.58 billion kWh (2002)
France 414.7 billion kWh (2002)
French Guiana 427.9 million kWh (2002)
French Polynesia 353.4 million kWh (2002)
Gabon 1.08 billion kWh (2002)
Gambia, The 83.99 million kWh (2002)
Gaza Strip NA kWh
Georgia 6.811 billion kWh (2002)
Germany 519.5 billion kWh (2003)
Ghana 6.137 billion kWh (2002)
Gibraltar 96.76 million kWh (2002)
Greece 47.42 billion kWh (2002)
Greenland 227.9 million kWh (2002)
Grenada 138.6 million kWh (2002)
Guadeloupe 1.079 billion kWh (2002)
Guam 776.6 million kWh (2002)
Guatemala 5.76 billion kWh (2002)
Guernsey NA kWh
Guinea 795.2 million kWh (2002)
Guinea-Bissau 51.15 million kWh (2002)
Guyana 751.4 million kWh (2002)
Haiti 574.7 million kWh (2002)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA kWh
Honduras 3.771 billion kWh (2002)
Hong Kong 38.45 billion kWh (2003)
Hungary 35.99 billion kWh (2002)
Iceland 7.692 billion kWh (2002)
India 510.1 billion kWh (2002)
Indonesia 92.35 billion kWh (2003)
Iran 119.9 billion kWh (2002)
Iraq 33.7 billion kWh (2004)
Ireland 21.78 billion kWh (2002)
Israel 38.3 billion kWh (2002)
Italy 293.9 billion kWh (2002)
Jamaica 5.849 billion kWh (2002)
Japan 971 billion kWh (2002)
Jersey 630.1 million kWh (2004 est.)
Jordan 7.094 billion kWh (2002)
Kazakhstan 62.21 billion kWh (203)
Kenya 4.337 billion kWh (2002)
Kiribati 6.51 million kWh (2002)
Korea, North 31.26 billion kWh (2002)
Korea, South 293.6 billion kWh (2003)
Kuwait 30.16 billion kWh (2002)
Kyrgyzstan 10.21 billion kWh (2002)
Laos 3.036 billion kWh (2002)
Latvia 5.829 billion kWh (2002)
Lebanon 8.591 billion kWh (2002)
Lesotho 308 million kWh (2002)
Liberia 454.6 million kWh (2002)
Libya 19.43 billion kWh (2002)
Lithuania 10.17 billion kWh (2002)
Luxembourg 5.735 billion kWh (2002)
Macau 1.772 billion kWh (2003)
Macedonia 7.216 billion kWh (2003)
Madagascar 781.4 million kWh (2002)
Malawi 1.012 billion kWh (2002)
Malaysia 68.4 billion kWh (2002)
Maldives 115.7 million kWh (2002)
Mali 651 million kWh (2002)
Malta 2 billion kWh (2002)
Martinique 1.095 billion kWh (2002)
Mauritania 176.9 million kWh (2002)
Mauritius 1.707 billion kWh (2002)
Mayotte NA kWh
Mexico 189.7 billion kWh (2002)
Micronesia, Federated States of 178.6 million kWh (2002)
Moldova 4.605 billion kWh (2002)
Monaco NA kWh
Mongolia 2.209 billion kWh (2004 est.)
Montserrat 1.674 million kWh (2002)
Morocco 14.24 billion kWh (2002)
Mozambique 5.046 billion kWh (2002)
Namibia 1.92 billion kWh (2002)
Nauru 27.9 million kWh (2002)
Nepal 2.005 billion kWh (2002)
Netherlands 100.7 billion kWh (2002)
Netherlands Antilles 934.3 million kWh (2002)
New Caledonia 1.471 billion kWh (2002)
New Zealand 35.71 billion kWh (2002)
Nicaragua 2.318 billion kWh (2002)
Niger 327.6 million kWh (2002)
Nigeria 18.43 billion kWh (2002)
Niue 2.79 million kWh (2002)
Norfolk Island NA kWh
Northern Mariana Islands NA kWh
Norway 107.4 billion kWh (2002)
Oman 9.792 billion kWh (2003)
Pakistan 52.66 billion kWh (2003)
Panama 4.473 billion kWh (2002)
Papua New Guinea 1.561 billion kWh (2002)
Paraguay 2.469 billion kWh (2002)
Peru 20.22 billion kWh (2002)
Philippines 46.05 billion kWh (2003)
Pitcairn Islands NA kWh
Poland 117.4 billion kWh (2002)
Portugal 42.15 billion kWh (2002)
Puerto Rico 20.54 billion kWh (2002)
Qatar 9.046 billion kWh (2002)
Reunion 1.084 billion kWh (2002)
Romania 57.5 billion kWh (2003)
Russia 894.3 billion kWh (2003)
Rwanda 195 million kWh (2002)
Saint Helena 4.65 million kWh (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 98.44 million kWh (2002)
Saint Lucia 251.3 million kWh (2002)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 40.06 million kWh (2002)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 84.82 million kWh (2002)
Samoa 113.5 million kWh (2002)
Sao Tome and Principe 15.81 million kWh (2002)
Saudi Arabia 128.5 billion kWh (2002)
Senegal 1.615 billion kWh (2002)
Serbia and Montenegro 32.33 billion kWh (2002)
Seychelles 202.8 million kWh (2002)
Sierra Leone 237.4 million kWh (2002)
Singapore 32 billion kWh (2003)
Slovakia 28.89 billion kWh (2003)
Slovenia 11.8 billion kWh (2003)
Solomon Islands 29.76 million kWh (2002)
Somalia 223.5 million kWh (2002)
South Africa 189.4 billion kWh (2002)
Spain 218.4 billion kWh (2002)
Sri Lanka 6.228 billion kWh (2002)
Sudan 2.4 billion kWh (2002)
Suriname 1.845 billion kWh (2002)
Swaziland 1.173 billion kWh (2002)
Sweden 138.1 billion kWh (2002)
Switzerland 54.53 billion kWh (2002)
Syria 24.32 billion kWh (2002)
Taiwan 147.4 billion kWh (2002)
Tajikistan 14.41 billion kWh (2002)
Tanzania 2.566 billion kWh (2002)
Thailand 106.1 billion kWh (2003)
Togo 451.2 million kWh (2002)
Tokelau NA kWh
Tonga 23.06 million kWh (2002)
Trinidad and Tobago 5.341 billion kWh (2002)
Tunisia 10.05 billion kWh (2002)
Turkey 117.9 billion kWh (2002)
Turkmenistan 8.908 billion kWh (2002)
Turks and Caicos Islands 4.65 million kWh (2002)
Uganda 1.401 billion kWh (2002)
Ukraine 132 billion kWh (2003)
United Arab Emirates 36.51 billion kWh (2002)
United Kingdom 337.4 billion kWh (2003)
United States 3.66 trillion kWh (2002)
Uruguay 5.878 billion kWh (2003)
Uzbekistan 46.66 billion kWh (2002)
Vanuatu 45.03 million kWh (2002)
Venezuela 89.3 billion kWh (2003)
Vietnam 32.06 billion kWh (2002)
Virgin Islands 962.6 million kWh (2002)
Wallis and Futuna NA kWh
West Bank NA kWh
Western Sahara 83.7 million kWh (2002)
World 14.28 trillion kWh (2002 est.)
Yemen 2.827 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Zambia 5.345 billion kWh (2002)
Zimbabwe 11.22 billion kWh (2002)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2043 Electricity - imports (kWh)
Afghanistan 150 million kWh (2002)
Albania 1.08 billion kWh (2004 est.)
Algeria 150 million kWh (2002)
American Samoa 0 kWh (2002)
Andorra NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Angola 0 kWh (2002)
Antigua and Barbuda 0 kWh (2002)
Argentina 8.775 billion kWh (2002)
Armenia 463 million kWh; note - imports an unknown quantity from Iran (2002)
Aruba 0 kWh (2002)
Australia 0 kWh (2002)
Austria 15.4 billion kWh (2002)
Azerbaijan 1.558 billion kWh (2002)
Bahamas, The 0 kWh (2002)
Bahrain 0 kWh (2002)
Bangladesh 0 kWh (2002)
Barbados 0 kWh (2002)
Belarus 3.2 billion kWh (2003)
Belgium 16.7 billion kWh (2002)
Belize 0 kWh (2002)
Benin 300 million kWh (2002)
Bermuda 0 kWh (2002)
Bhutan 12 million kWh (2002)
Bolivia 9 million kWh (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.271 billion kWh (2002)
Botswana 1.025 billion kWh (2002)
Brazil 36.58 billion kWh; note - supplied by Paraguay (2002)
British Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Brunei 0 kWh (2002)
Bulgaria 960 million kWh (2002)
Burkina Faso 0 kWh (2002)
Burma 0 kWh (2004)
Burundi 15 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002)
Cambodia 0 kWh (2002)
Cameroon 0 kWh (2002)
Canada 13 billion kWh (2002)
Cape Verde 0 kWh (2002)
Cayman Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Central African Republic 0 kWh (2002)
Chad 0 kWh (2002)
Chile 1.813 billion kWh (2002)
China 2.3 billion kWh (2002)
Colombia 23 million kWh (2002)
Comoros 0 kWh (2002)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 8 million kWh (2002)
Congo, Republic of the 250 million kWh (2002)
Cook Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Costa Rica 59 million kWh (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 0 kWh (2002)
Croatia 3.966 billion kWh (2002)
Cuba 0 kWh (2002)
Cyprus 0 kWh (2002)
Czech Republic 9.5 billion kWh (2002)
Denmark 8.9 billion kWh (2002)
Djibouti 0 kWh (2002)
Dominica 0 kWh (2002)
Dominican Republic 0 kWh (2002)
East Timor 0 kWh (2002)
Ecuador 57 million kWh (2002)
Egypt 0 kWh (2002)
El Salvador 473 million kWh (2004)
Equatorial Guinea 0 kWh (2002)
Eritrea 0 kWh (2002)
Estonia 200 million kWh (2002)
Ethiopia 0 kWh (2002)
European Union 268.5 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 kWh (2002)
Faroe Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Fiji 0 kWh (2002)
Finland 13.5 billion kWh (2002)
France 3 billion kWh (2002)
French Guiana 0 kWh (2002)
French Polynesia 0 kWh (2002)
Gabon 0 kWh (2002)
Gambia, The 0 kWh (2002)
Gaza Strip NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel (2001)
Georgia 850 million kWh (2002)
Germany 45.8 billion kWh (2003)
Ghana 200 million kWh (2002)
Gibraltar 0 kWh (2002)
Greece 4.6 billion kWh (2002)
Greenland 0 kWh (2002)
Grenada 0 kWh (2002)
Guadeloupe 0 kWh (2002)
Guam 0 kWh (2002)
Guatemala 55 million kWh (2002)
Guernsey 0 kWh (2002)
Guinea 0 kWh (2002)
Guinea-Bissau 0 kWh (2002)
Guyana 0 kWh (2002)
Haiti 0 kWh (2002)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy
Honduras 415 million kWh (2002)
Hong Kong 10.4 billion kWh (2003)
Hungary 12.6 billion kWh (2002)
Iceland 0 kWh (2002)
India 1.54 billion kWh (2002)
Indonesia 0 kWh (2002)
Iran 0 kWh (2002)
Iraq 1.1 billion kWh (2004)
Ireland 600 million kWh (2002)
Israel 0 kWh (2002)
Italy 51.5 billion kWh (2002)
Jamaica 0 kWh (2002)
Japan 0 kWh (2002)
Jersey NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
Jordan 300 million kWh (2002)
Kazakhstan 2.506 billion kWh (2003)
Kenya 175 million kWh (2002)
Kiribati 0 kWh (2002)
Korea, North 0 kWh (2002)
Korea, South 0 kWh (2003)
Kuwait 0 kWh (2002)
Kyrgyzstan 375 million kWh (2002)
Laos 125 million kWh (2002)
Latvia 2.7 billion kWh (2002)
Lebanon 1.09 billion kWh (2002)
Lesotho 16 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)
Liberia 0 kWh (2002)
Libya 0 kWh (2002)
Lithuania 300 million kWh (2002)
Luxembourg 6.3 billion kWh (2002)
Macau 179.7 million kWh (2003)
Macedonia 953 million kWh (2003)
Madagascar 0 kWh (2002)
Malawi 0 kWh (2002)
Malaysia 0 kWh (2002)
Maldives 0 kWh (2002)
Mali 0 kWh (2002)
Malta 0 kWh (2002)
Martinique 0 kWh (2002)
Mauritania 0 kWh (2002)
Mauritius 0 kWh (2002)
Mexico 367.7 million kWh (2002)
Micronesia, Federated States of 0 kWh (2002)
Moldova 1 billion kWh (2002)
Monaco NA kWh note: electricity supplied by France
Mongolia 130.5 million kWh (2004 est.)
Montserrat 0 kWh (2002)
Morocco 1.3 billion kWh (2002)
Mozambique 3.907 billion kWh (2002)
Namibia 900 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)
Nauru 0 kWh (2002)
Nepal 237 million kWh (2002)
Netherlands 20.9 billion kWh (2002)
Netherlands Antilles 0 kWh (2002)
New Caledonia 0 kWh (2002)
New Zealand 0 kWh (2002)
Nicaragua 15.3 million kWh (2002)
Niger 80 million kWh (2002)
Nigeria 0 kWh (2002)
Niue 0 kWh (2002)
Northern Mariana Islands 0 kWh
Norway 5.3 billion kWh (2002)
Oman 0 kWh (2002)
Pakistan 0 kWh (2003)
Panama 61 million kWh (2002)
Papua New Guinea 0 kWh (2002)
Paraguay 0 kWh (2002)
Peru 0 kWh (2003)
Philippines 0 kWh (2003)
Poland 4.5 billion kWh (2002)
Portugal 5.3 billion kWh (2002)
Puerto Rico 0 kWh (2002)
Qatar 0 kWh (2002)
Reunion 0 kWh (2002)
Romania 962 million kWh (2003)
Russia 12.65 billion kWh (2002)
Rwanda 40 million kWh (2002)
Saint Helena 0 kWh (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 kWh (2002)
Saint Lucia 0 kWh (2002)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 kWh (2002)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 kWh (2002)
Samoa 0 kWh (2002)
Sao Tome and Principe 0 kWh (2002)
Saudi Arabia 0 kWh (2002)
Senegal 0 kWh (2002)
Serbia and Montenegro 3.3 billion kWh (2002)
Seychelles 0 kWh (2002)
Sierra Leone 0 kWh (2002)
Singapore 0 kWh (2003)
Slovakia 6 billion kWh (2003)
Slovenia 5.194 billion kWh (2002)
Solomon Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Somalia 0 kWh (2002)
South Africa 7.873 billion kWh (2002)
Spain 9.8 billion kWh (2002)
Sri Lanka 0 kWh (2002)
Sudan 0 kWh (2002)
Suriname 0 kWh (2002)
Swaziland 799 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)
Sweden 20.1 billion kWh (2002)
Switzerland 27.8 billion kWh (2002)
Syria 0 kWh (2002)
Taiwan 0 kWh (2002)
Tajikistan 4.359 billion kWh (2002)
Tanzania 30 million kWh (2002)
Thailand 600 million kWh (2002)
Togo 350 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2002)
Tonga 0 kWh (2002)
Trinidad and Tobago 0 kWh (2002)
Tunisia 90 million kWh (2002)
Turkey 3.6 billion kWh (2002)
Turkmenistan 0 kWh (2002)
Turks and Caicos Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Uganda 0 kWh (2002)
Ukraine 0 kWh (2002)
United Arab Emirates 0 kWh (2004)
United Kingdom 5.119 billion kWh (2003)
United States 36.23 billion kWh (2002)
Uruguay 434.2 million kWh (2003)
Uzbekistan 6.8 billion kWh (2002)
Vanuatu 0 kWh (2002)
Venezuela 30 million kWh (2003)
Vietnam 0 kWh (2002)
Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Wallis and Futuna 0 kWh (2002)
West Bank NA kWh
Western Sahara 0 kWh (2002)
World 497.6 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Yemen 0 kWh (2002)
Zambia 0 kWh (2002)
Zimbabwe 3 billion kWh (2002)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2044 Electricity - exports (kWh)
Afghanistan 0 kWh (2002)
Albania 100 million kWh (2002)
Algeria 500 million kWh (2002)
American Samoa 0 kWh (2002)
Andorra 0 kWh (2002)
Angola 0 kWh (2002)
Antigua and Barbuda 0 kWh (2002)
Argentina 2.818 billion kWh (2002)
Armenia 704 million kWh; note - exports an unknown quantity to Georgia; includes exports to Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan (2002)
Aruba 0 kWh (2002)
Australia 0 kWh (2002)
Austria 14.7 billion kWh (2002)
Azerbaijan 505 million kWh (2002)
Bahamas, The 0 kWh (2002)
Bahrain 0 kWh (2002)
Bangladesh 0 kWh (2002)
Barbados 0 kWh (2002)
Belarus 800 million kWh (2004)
Belgium 9.1 billion kWh (2002)
Belize 0 kWh (2002)
Benin 0 kWh (2002)
Bermuda 0 kWh (2002)
Bhutan 1.56 billion kWh (2002)
Bolivia 3 million kWh (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.288 billion kWh (2002)
Botswana 0 kWh (2002)
Brazil 7 million kWh (2002)
British Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Brunei 0 kWh (2002)
Bulgaria 8.3 billion kWh (2002)
Burkina Faso 0 kWh (2002)
Burma 0 kWh (2002)
Burundi 0 kWh (2002)
Cambodia 0 kWh (2002)
Cameroon 0 kWh (2002)
Canada 36.13 billion kWh (2002)
Cape Verde 0 kWh (2002)
Cayman Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Central African Republic 0 kWh (2002)
Chad 0 kWh (2002)
Chile 0 kWh (2002)
China 10.38 billion kWh (2002)
Colombia 618 million kWh (2002)
Comoros 0 kWh (2002)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1.5 billion kWh (2002)
Congo, Republic of the 0 kWh (2002)
Cook Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Costa Rica 477 million kWh (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 1.45 billion kWh (2002)
Croatia 406 million kWh (2002)
Cuba 0 kWh (2002)
Cyprus 0 kWh (2002)
Czech Republic 20.9 billion kWh (2002)
Denmark 11.1 billion kWh (2002)
Djibouti 0 kWh (2002)
Dominica 0 kWh (2002)
Dominican Republic 0 kWh (2002)
East Timor 0 kWh (2002)
Ecuador 0 kWh (2002)
Egypt 0 kWh (2002)
El Salvador 91 million kWh (2004)
Equatorial Guinea 0 kWh (2002)
Eritrea 0 kWh (2002)
Estonia 1.562 billion kWh (2002)
Ethiopia 0 kWh (2002)
European Union 270.8 billion kWh (2002)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 kWh (2002)
Faroe Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Fiji 0 kWh (2002)
Finland 1.5 billion kWh (2002)
France 79.9 billion kWh (2002)
French Guiana 0 kWh (2002)
French Polynesia 0 kWh (2002)
Gabon 0 kWh (2002)
Gambia, The 0 kWh (2002)
Gaza Strip 0 kWh (2001)
Georgia 300 million kWh (2002)
Germany 53.8 billion kWh (2003)
Ghana 500 million kWh (2002)
Gibraltar 0 kWh (2002)
Greece 1.1 billion kWh (2002)
Greenland 0 kWh (2002)
Grenada 0 kWh (2002)
Guadeloupe 0 kWh (2002)
Guam 0 kWh (2002)
Guatemala 440 million kWh (2002)
Guernsey 0 kWh (2002)
Guinea 0 kWh (2002)
Guinea-Bissau 0 kWh (2002)
Guyana 0 kWh (2002)
Haiti 0 kWh (2002)
Holy See (Vatican City) 0 kWh
Honduras 16 million kWh (2002)
Hong Kong 3 billion kWh (2003)
Hungary 8.3 billion kWh (2002)
Iceland 0 kWh (2002)
India 350 million kWh (2002)
Indonesia 0 kWh (2002)
Iran 0 kWh (2002)
Iraq 0 kWh (2004)
Ireland 100 million kWh (2002)
Israel 1.387 billion kWh (2002)
Italy 900 million kWh (2002)
Jamaica 0 kWh (2002)
Japan 0 kWh (2002)
Jordan 2 million kWh (2002)
Kazakhstan 4.975 billion kWh (2003)
Kenya 0 kWh (2002)
Kiribati 0 kWh (2002)
Korea, North 0 kWh (2002)
Korea, South 0 kWh (2003)
Kuwait 0 kWh (2002)
Kyrgyzstan 1.062 billion kWh (2002)
Laos 400 million kWh (2002)
Latvia 1.1 billion kWh (2002)
Lebanon 0 kWh (2002)
Lesotho 0 kWh (2002)
Liberia 0 kWh (2002)
Libya 0 kWh (2002)
Lithuania 6.8 billion kWh (2002)
Luxembourg 2.9 billion kWh (2002)
Macau 1 million kWh (2003)
Macedonia 0 kWh (2003)
Madagascar 0 kWh (2002)
Malawi 0 kWh (2002)
Malaysia 70 million kWh (2002)
Maldives 0 kWh (2002)
Mali 0 kWh; note - recent hydropower developments may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2002)
Malta 0 kWh (2002)
Martinique 0 kWh (2002)
Mauritania 0 kWh (2002)
Mauritius 0 kWh (2002)
Mexico 98.65 million kWh (2002)
Micronesia, Federated States of 0 kWh (2002)
Moldova 0 kWh (2002)
Mongolia 8.2 million kWh (2004 est.)
Montserrat 0 kWh (2002)
Morocco 0 kWh (2002)
Mozambique 7.1 billion kWh (2002)
Namibia 65 million kWh (2002)
Nauru 0 kWh (2002)
Nepal 142 million kWh (2002)
Netherlands 4.5 billion kWh (2002)
Netherlands Antilles 0 kWh (2002)
New Caledonia 0 kWh (2002)
New Zealand 0 kWh (2002)
Nicaragua 6.8 million kWh (2002)
Niger 0 kWh (2002)
Nigeria 30 million kWh (2002)
Niue 0 kWh (2002)
Northern Mariana Islands 0 kWh
Norway 15 billion kWh (2002)
Oman 0 kWh (2002)
Pakistan 0 kWh (2003)
Panama 120 million kWh (2002)
Papua New Guinea 0 kWh (2002)
Paraguay 42.51 billion kWh (2002)
Peru 0 kWh (2003)
Philippines 0 kWh (2003)
Poland 11.5 billion kWh (2002)
Portugal 3.4 billion kWh (2002)
Puerto Rico 0 kWh (2002)
Qatar 0 kWh (2002)
Reunion 0 kWh (2002)
Romania 3.046 billion kWh (2003)
Russia 20.7 billion kWh (2003)
Rwanda 0 kWh (2002)
Saint Helena 0 kWh (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 kWh (2002)
Saint Lucia 0 kWh (2002)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 kWh (2002)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 kWh (2002)
Samoa 0 kWh (2002)
Sao Tome and Principe 0 kWh (2002)
Saudi Arabia 0 kWh (2002)
Senegal 0 kWh (2002)
Serbia and Montenegro 400 million kWh (2002)
Seychelles 0 kWh (2002)
Sierra Leone 0 kWh (2002)
Singapore 0 kWh (2003)
Slovakia 8 billion kWh (2003)
Slovenia 7.448 billion kWh (2002)
Solomon Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Somalia 0 kWh (2002)
South Africa 6.95 billion kWh (2002)
Spain 4.4 billion kWh (2002)
Sri Lanka 0 kWh (2002)
Sudan 0 kWh (2002)
Suriname 0 kWh (2002)
Swaziland 0 kWh (2002)
Sweden 14.8 billion kWh (2002)
Switzerland 32.3 billion kWh (2002)
Syria 0 kWh (2002)
Taiwan 0 kWh (2002)
Tajikistan 3.974 billion kWh (2002)
Tanzania 0 kWh (2002)
Thailand 188 million kWh (2002)
Togo 0 kWh (2002)
Tonga 0 kWh (2002)
Trinidad and Tobago 0 kWh (2002)
Tunisia 10 million kWh (2002)
Turkey 433 million kWh (2002)
Turkmenistan 1.136 billion kWh (2004)
Turks and Caicos Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Uganda 250 million kWh (2002)
Ukraine 1.2 billion kWh (2002)
United Arab Emirates 0 kWh (2004)
United Kingdom 2.959 billion kWh (2003)
United States 13.36 billion kWh (2002)
Uruguay 954 million kWh (2003)
Uzbekistan 4.5 billion kWh (2002)
Vanuatu 0 kWh (2002)
Venezuela 450 million kWh (2003)
Vietnam 0 kWh (2002)
Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2002)
Wallis and Futuna 0 kWh (2002)
Western Sahara 0 kWh (2002)
World 500.8 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Yemen 0 kWh (2002)
Zambia 2.25 billion kWh (2002)
Zimbabwe 0 kWh (2002)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2046 Population below poverty line (%)
Afghanistan 53% (2003)
Albania 25% (2004 est.)
Algeria 23% (1999 est.)
American Samoa NA
Andorra NA%
Angola 70% (2003 est.)
Anguilla 23% (2002)
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina 44.3% (June 2004)
Armenia 50% (2002 est.)
Aruba NA
Australia NA
Austria 3.9% (1999)
Azerbaijan 49% (2002 est.)
Bahamas, The NA
Bahrain NA
Bangladesh 45% (2004 est.)
Barbados NA
Belarus 27.1% (2003 est.)
Belgium 4% (1989 est.)
Belize 33% (1999 est.)
Benin 33% (2001 est.)
Bermuda 19% (2000)
Bhutan NA
Bolivia 64% (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 25% (2004 est.)
Botswana 47% (2002 est.)
Brazil 22% (1998 est.)
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei NA
Bulgaria 13.4% (2002 est.)
Burkina Faso 45% (2003 est.)
Burma 25% (2000 est.)
Burundi 68% (2002 est.)
Cambodia 40% (2004 est.)
Cameroon 48% (2000 est.)
Canada NA
Cape Verde 30% (2000)
Cayman Islands NA (2002 est.)
Central African Republic NA (1993)
Chad 80% (2001 est.)
Chile 20.6% (2000)
China 10% (2001 est.)
Colombia 55% (2001)
Comoros 60% (2002 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA
Congo, Republic of the NA
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica 18% (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 37% (1995)
Croatia 11% (2003)
Cuba NA
Cyprus NA%
Czech Republic NA
Denmark NA
Djibouti 50% (2001 est.)
Dominica 30% (2002 est.)
Dominican Republic 25%
East Timor 42% (2003 est.)
Ecuador 45% (2001 est.)
Egypt 16.7% (2000 est.)
El Salvador 36.1% (2003 est.)
Equatorial Guinea NA
Eritrea 50% (2004 est.)
Estonia NA (2000)
Ethiopia 50% (2004 est.)
European Union See individual country listings
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands NA%
Fiji 25.5% (1990-91)
Finland NA
France 6.5% (2000)
French Guiana NA%
French Polynesia NA%
Gabon NA
Gambia, The NA
Gaza Strip 81% (2004 est.)
Georgia 54% (2001 est.)
Germany NA
Ghana 31.4% (1992 est.)
Gibraltar NA%
Greece NA
Greenland NA%
Grenada 32% (2000)
Guadeloupe NA%
Guam 23% (2001 est.)
Guatemala 75% (2004 est.)
Guernsey NA%
Guinea 40% (2003 est.)
Guinea-Bissau NA
Guyana NA
Haiti 80% (2003 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA%
Honduras 53% (1993 est.)
Hong Kong NA
Hungary 8.6% (1993 est.)
Iceland NA%
India 25% (2002 est.)
Indonesia 27% (1999)
Iran 40% (2002 est.)
Iraq NA
Ireland 10% (1997 est.)
Israel 18% (2001 est.)
Italy NA
Jamaica 19.7% (2002 est.)
Japan NA
Jersey NA%
Jordan 30% (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan 19% (2004 est.)
Kenya 50% (2000 est.)
Kiribati NA
Korea, North NA
Korea, South 4% (2001 est.)
Kuwait NA
Kyrgyzstan 40% (2004 est.)
Laos 40% (2002 est.)
Latvia NA
Lebanon 28% (1999 est.)
Lesotho 49% (1999)
Liberia 80%
Libya NA
Liechtenstein NA%
Lithuania NA
Luxembourg NA%
Macau NA
Macedonia 30.2% (2003 est.)
Madagascar 50% (2004 est.)
Malawi 55% (2004 est.)
Malaysia 8% (1998 est.)
Maldives NA
Mali 64% average; 30% of the total population living in urban areas; 70% of the total population living in rural areas) (2001 est.)
Malta NA%
Man, Isle of NA
Marshall Islands NA
Martinique NA%
Mauritania 40% (2004 est.)
Mauritius 10% (2001 est.)
Mayotte NA%
Mexico 40% (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 26.7%
Moldova 80% (2001 est.)
Monaco NA%
Mongolia 36.1% (2004 est.)
Montserrat NA
Morocco 19% (1999 est.)
Mozambique 70% (2001 est.)
Namibia 50% (2002 est.)
Nauru NA
Nepal 42% (1995-96)
Netherlands NA
Netherlands Antilles NA
New Caledonia NA%
New Zealand NA
Nicaragua 50% (2001 est.)
Niger 63% (1993 est.)
Nigeria 60% (2000 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway NA
Oman NA
Pakistan 32% (FY00/01 est.)
Palau NA
Panama 37% (1999 est.)
Papua New Guinea 37% (2002 est.)
Paraguay 36% (2001 est.)
Peru 54% (2003 est.)
Philippines 40% (2001 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 18.4% (2000 est.)
Portugal NA
Puerto Rico NA
Qatar NA
Reunion NA%
Romania 28.9% (2002)
Russia 25% (January 2003 est.)
Rwanda 60% (2001 est.)
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA%
Saint Lucia NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA
Samoa NA
San Marino NA%
Sao Tome and Principe 54% (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia NA
Senegal 54% (2001 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 30% (1999 est.)
Seychelles NA
Sierra Leone 68% (1989 est.)
Singapore NA
Slovakia NA
Slovenia NA
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia NA
South Africa 50% (2000 est.)
Spain NA
Sri Lanka 22% (1997 est.)
Sudan 40% (2004 est.)
Suriname 70% (2002 est.)
Swaziland 40% (1995)
Sweden NA
Switzerland NA
Syria 20% (2004 est.)
Taiwan 1% (2000 est.)
Tajikistan 60% (2004 est.)
Tanzania 36% (2002 est.)
Thailand 10% (2004 est.)
Togo 32% (1989 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago 21% (1992 est.)
Tunisia 7.6% (2001 est.)
Turkey 20% (2002)
Turkmenistan 58% (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands NA%
Tuvalu NA
Uganda 35% (2001 est.)
Ukraine 29% (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates NA
United Kingdom 17% (2002 est.)
United States 12% (2004 est.)
Uruguay 21% of households (2003)
Uzbekistan 28% (2004 est.)
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela 47% (1998 est.)
Vietnam 28.9% (2002 est.)
Virgin Islands NA%
Wallis and Futuna NA%
West Bank 59% (2004 est.)
Western Sahara NA
Yemen 45.2% (2003)
Zambia 86% (1993)
Zimbabwe 70% (2002 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2047 Household income or consumption by percentage share (%)
Afghanistan lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Albania lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Algeria lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 26.8% (1995)
American Samoa lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Andorra lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Angola lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Anguilla lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Antigua and Barbuda lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Argentina lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Armenia lowest 10%: 2.3% highest 10%: 46.2% (1999)
Aruba lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Australia lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 25.4% (1994)
Austria lowest 10%: 2.5% highest 10%: 22.5% (1995)
Azerbaijan lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 27.8% (1995)
Bahamas, The lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: 27% (2000)
Bahrain lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Bangladesh lowest 10%: 3.9% highest 10%: 28.6% (1995-96 est.)
Barbados lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Belarus lowest 10%: 5.1% highest 10%: 20% (1998)
Belgium lowest 10%: 3.2% highest 10%: 23% (1996)
Belize lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Benin lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Bermuda lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Bhutan lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Bolivia lowest 10%: 1.3% highest 10%: 32% (1999)
Bosnia and Herzegovina lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Botswana lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Brazil lowest 10%: 0.7% highest 10%: 48% (1998)
British Virgin Islands lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Brunei lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Bulgaria lowest 10%: 4.5% highest 10%: 22.8% (1997)
Burkina Faso lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 46.8% (1994)
Burma lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)
Burundi lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 32.9% (1998)
Cambodia lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)
Cameroon lowest 10%: 1.9% highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)
Canada lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 23.8% (1994)
Cape Verde lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Cayman Islands lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Central African Republic lowest 10%: 0.7% highest 10%: 47.7% (1993)
Chad lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Chile lowest 10%: 1.2% highest 10%: 47% (2000)
China lowest 10%: 2.4% highest 10%: 30.4% (1998)
Colombia lowest 10%: 1% highest 10%: 44% (1999)
Comoros lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Congo, Republic of the lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Cook Islands lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Costa Rica lowest 10%: 1.1% highest 10%: 36.8% (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire lowest 10%: 3.1% highest 10%: 28.8% (1995)
Croatia lowest 10%: 3.4% highest 10%: 24.5% (2003 est.)
Cuba lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Cyprus lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Czech Republic lowest 10%: 4.3% highest 10%: 22.4% (1996)
Denmark lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 24% (2000 est.)
Djibouti lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Dominica lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Dominican Republic lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 37.9% (1998)
East Timor lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Ecuador lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 32% note: data for urban households only (October 2003)
Egypt lowest 10%: 4.4% highest 10%: 25% (1995)
El Salvador lowest 10%: 1.4% highest 10%: 39.3% (2001)
Equatorial Guinea lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Eritrea lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Estonia lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 29.8% (1998)
Ethiopia lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 33.7% (1995)
European Union lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 25.4% (1995 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Faroe Islands lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Fiji lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Finland lowest 10%: 4.2% highest 10%: 21.6% (1991)
France lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 25.1% (1995)
French Guiana lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
French Polynesia lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Gabon lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Gambia, The lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Gaza Strip lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Georgia lowest 10%: 2.3% highest 10%: 27.9% (1996)
Germany lowest 10%: 3.6% highest 10%: 25.1% (1997)
Ghana lowest 10%: 2.2% highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)
Gibraltar lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Greece lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 28.3% (1998 est.)
Greenland lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Grenada lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Guadeloupe lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Guam lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Guatemala lowest 10%: 1.6% highest 10%: 46% (1998)
Guernsey lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Guinea lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 32% (1994)
Guinea-Bissau lowest 10%: 0.5% highest 10%: 42.4% (1991)
Guyana lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Haiti lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Holy See (Vatican City) lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Honduras lowest 10%: 0.6% highest 10%: 42.7% (1998)
Hong Kong lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Hungary lowest 10%: 4.1% highest 10%: 20.5% (1998)
Iceland lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
India lowest 10%: 3.5% highest 10%: 33.5% (1997)
Indonesia lowest 10%: 4% highest 10%: 26.7% (1999)
Iran lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Iraq lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Ireland lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 27.3% (1997)
Israel lowest 10%: 2.4% highest 10%: 28.3% (1997)
Italy lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 26.6% (2000)
Jamaica lowest 10%: 2.7% highest 10%: 30.3% (2000)
Japan lowest 10%: 4.8% highest 10%: 21.7% (1993)
Jersey lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Jordan lowest 10%: 3.3% highest 10%: 29.8% (1997)
Kazakhstan lowest 10%: 3.3% highest 10%: 26.5% (2004 est.)
Kenya lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)
Kiribati lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Korea, North lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Korea, South lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 22.5% (1999 est.)
Kuwait lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Kyrgyzstan lowest 10%: 3.9% highest 10%: 23.3% (2001)
Laos lowest 10%: 3.2% highest 10%: 30.6% (1997)
Latvia lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 25.9% (1998)
Lebanon lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Lesotho lowest 10%: 0.9% highest 10%: 43.4%
Liberia lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Libya lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Liechtenstein lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Lithuania lowest 10%: 3.1% highest 10%: 25.6% (1996)
Luxembourg lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Macau lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Macedonia lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Madagascar lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 29% (1999)
Malawi lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Malaysia lowest 10%: 1.4% highest 10%: 39.2% (2003 est.)
Maldives lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Mali lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 40.4% (1994)
Malta lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Man, Isle of lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Marshall Islands lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Martinique lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Mauritania lowest 10%: 2.5% highest 10%: 30.2% (2000)
Mauritius lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Mayotte lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Mexico lowest 10%: 1.6% highest 10%: 35.6% (2002)
Micronesia, Federated States of lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Moldova lowest 10%: 2.2% highest 10%: 30.7% (1997)
Monaco lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Mongolia lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 37% (1995)
Montserrat lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Morocco lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 30.9% (1998-99)
Mozambique lowest 10%: 2.5% highest 10%: 31.7% (1997)
Namibia lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Nauru lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Nepal lowest 10%: 3.2% highest 10%: 29.8% (1995-96)
Netherlands lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 25.1% (1994)
Netherlands Antilles lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
New Caledonia lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
New Zealand lowest 10%: 0.3% highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.)
Nicaragua lowest 10%: 1.2% highest 10%: 45% (2001)
Niger lowest 10%: 0.8% highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)
Nigeria lowest 10%: 1.6% highest 10%: 40.8% (1996-97)
Niue lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Norfolk Island lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Northern Mariana Islands lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Norway lowest 10%: 4.1% highest 10%: 21.8% (1995)
Oman lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Pakistan lowest 10%: 4.1% highest 10%: 27.6% (FY96/97)
Palau lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Panama lowest 10%: 1.2% highest 10%: 35.7% (1997)
Papua New Guinea lowest 10%: 1.7% highest 10%: 40.5% (1996)
Paraguay lowest 10%: 0.5% highest 10%: 43.8% (1998)
Peru lowest 10%: 0.8% highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)
Philippines lowest 10%: 2.3% highest 10%: 31.9% (2003)
Pitcairn Islands lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Poland lowest 10%: 3.2% highest 10%: 24.7% (1998)
Portugal lowest 10%: 3.1% highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
Puerto Rico lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Qatar lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Reunion lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Romania lowest 10%: 2.4% highest 10%: 27.6% (2003)
Russia lowest 10%: 5.9% highest 10%: 47% (2001)
Rwanda lowest 10%: 4.2% highest 10%: 24.2% (1985)
Saint Helena lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Saint Lucia lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Samoa lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
San Marino lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Sao Tome and Principe lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Saudi Arabia lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Senegal lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 33.5% (1995)
Serbia and Montenegro lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Seychelles lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Sierra Leone lowest 10%: 0.5% highest 10%: 43.6% (1989)
Singapore lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Slovakia lowest 10%: 5.1% highest 10%: 18.2% (1992)
Slovenia lowest 10%: 3.9% highest 10%: 23% (1998)
Solomon Islands lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Somalia lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
South Africa lowest 10%: 1.1% highest 10%: 45.9% (1994)
Spain lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 25.2% (1990)
Sri Lanka lowest 10%: 3.5% highest 10%: 28% (1995)
Sudan lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Suriname lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Swaziland lowest 10%: 1% highest 10%: 50.2% (1995)
Sweden lowest 10%: 3.7% highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)
Switzerland lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 25.2% (1992)
Syria lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Taiwan lowest 10%: 6.7% highest 10%: 41.1% (2002 est.)
Tajikistan lowest 10%: 3.2% highest 10%: 25.2% (1998)
Tanzania lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 30.1% (1993)
Thailand lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)
Togo lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Tokelau lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Tonga lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Trinidad and Tobago lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Tunisia lowest 10%: 2.3% highest 10%: 31.8% (1995)
Turkey lowest 10%: 2.3% highest 10%: 30.7% (2000)
Turkmenistan lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 31.7% (1998)
Turks and Caicos Islands lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Tuvalu lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Uganda lowest 10%: 4% highest 10%: 21% (2000)
Ukraine lowest 10%: 3.7% highest 10%: 23.2% (1999)
United Arab Emirates lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
United Kingdom lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 28.5% (1999)
United States lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 30.5% (1997)
Uruguay lowest 10%: 3.7% highest 10%: 25.8% (1997)
Uzbekistan lowest 10%: 3.6% highest 10%: 22% (2000)
Vanuatu lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Venezuela lowest 10%: 0.8% highest 10%: 36.5% (1998)
Vietnam lowest 10%: 3.6% highest 10%: 29.9% (1998)
Virgin Islands lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Wallis and Futuna lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
West Bank lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Western Sahara lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
World lowest 10%: NA % highest 10%: NA %
Yemen lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 25.9% (2003)
Zambia lowest 10%: 1.1% highest 10%: 41% (1998)
Zimbabwe lowest 10%: 1.97% highest 10%: 40.42% (1995)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2048 Labor force - by occupation (%)
Afghanistan agriculture 80%, industry 10%, services 10% (2004 est.)
Albania agriculture 57%, non-agricultural private sector 20%, public sector 23% (2004 est.)
Algeria agriculture 14%, industry 13.4%, construction and public works 10%, trade 14.6%, government 32%, other 16% (2003 est.)
American Samoa tuna canneries 34%, government 33%, other 33% (1990)
Andorra agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.)
Angola agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (2003 est.)
Anguilla agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%, manufacturing 3%, construction 18%, transportation and utilities 10%, commerce 36%, services 29% (2000 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda agriculture 7%, industry 11%, services 82% (1983)
Argentina agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Armenia agriculture 45%, industry 25%, services 30% (2002 est.)
Aruba most employment is in wholesale and retail trade and repair, followed by hotels and restaurants; oil refining
Australia agriculture 3.6%, industry 26.4%, services 70% (2004 est.)
Austria agriculture and forestry 4%, industry and crafts 29%, services 67% (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan agriculture and forestry 41%, industry 7%, services 52% (2001)
Bahamas, The agriculture 5%, industry 5%, tourism 50%, other services 40% (1999 est.)
Bahrain agriculture 1%, industry, commerce, and services 79%, government 20% (1997 est.)
Bangladesh agriculture 63%, industry 11%, services 26% (FY95/96)
Barbados agriculture 10%, industry 15%, services 75% (1996 est.)
Belarus agriculture 14%, industry 34.7%, services 51.3% (2003 est.)
Belgium agriculture 1.3%, industry 24.5%, services 74.2% (2003 est.)
Belize agriculture 27%, industry 18%, services 55% (2001 est.)
Bermuda agriculture and fishing 3%, laborers 17%, clerical 22%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, services 20% (2000 est.)
Bhutan agriculture 93%, industry and commerce 2%, services 5%
Bolivia agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Bosnia and Herzegovina agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Botswana NA
Brazil agriculture 20%, industry 14%, services 66% (2003 est.)
British Virgin Islands agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Brunei agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, government 48% (1999 est.)
Bulgaria agriculture 11%, industry 32.7%, services 56.3% (3rd quarter 2004 est.)
Burkina Faso agriculture 90% (2000 est.)
Burma agriculture 70%, industry 7%, services 23% (2001 est.)
Burundi agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002 est.)
Cambodia agriculture 75% (2004 est.)
Cameroon agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%
Canada agriculture 3%, manufacturing 15%, construction 5%, services 74%, other 3% (2000)
Cayman Islands agriculture 1.4%, industry 12.6%, services 86% (1995)
Chad agriculture more than 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)
Chile agriculture 13.6%, industry 23.4%, services 63% (2003)
China agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29% (2003 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands the Cocos Islands Cooperative Society Ltd. employs construction workers, stevedores, and lighterage workers; tourism employs others
Colombia agriculture 30%, industry 24%, services 46% (1990)
Comoros agriculture 80%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA
Cook Islands agriculture 29%, industry 15%, services 56% note: shortage of skilled labor (1995)
Costa Rica agriculture 20%, industry 22%, services 58% (1999 est.)
Croatia agriculture 2.7%, industry 32.8%, services 64.5% (2004)
Cuba agriculture 24%, industry 25%, services 51% (1999)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: agriculture 4.9%, industry 19.4%, services 75.6% north Cyprus: agriculture 15.1%, industry 27%, services 57.9% (2003 est.)
Czech Republic agriculture 4%, industry 38%, services 58% (2002 est.)
Denmark agriculture 4%, industry 17%, services 79% (2002 est.)
Djibouti NA
Dominica agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28%
Dominican Republic agriculture 17%, industry 24.3%, services and government 58.7% (1998 est.)
East Timor NA
Ecuador agriculture 8%, industry 24%, services 68% (2001)
Egypt agriculture 32%, industry 17%, services 51% (2001 est.)
El Salvador agriculture 17.1%, industry 17.1%, services 65.8% (2003 est.)
Eritrea agriculture 80%, industry and services 20%
Estonia agriculture 11%, industry 20%, services 69% (1999 est.)
Ethiopia agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, industry and construction 8%, government and services 12% (1985)
European Union agriculture 4.5%, industry 27.4%, services 66.9% note: the remainder is in miscellaneous public and private sector industries and services (2004)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Faroe Islands fishing, fish processing, and manufacturing 33%, construction and private services 33%, public services 34%
Fiji agriculture, including subsistence agriculture 70% (2001 est.)
Finland agriculture and forestry 8%, industry 22%, construction 6%, commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business services 10%, transport and communications 8%, public services 32%
France agriculture 4.1%, industry 24.4%, services 71.5% (1999)
French Guiana agriculture 18.2%, industry 21.2%, services, government, and commerce 60.6% (1980)
French Polynesia agriculture 13%, industry 19%, services 68% (2002)
Gabon agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25%
Gambia, The agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 6%
Gaza Strip agriculture 14%, industry 19%, services 66% (2004)
Georgia agriculture 40%, industry 20%, services 40% (1999 est.)
Germany agriculture 2.8%, industry 33.4%, services 63.8% (1999)
Ghana agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)
Gibraltar agriculture negligible, industry 40%, services 60%
Greece agriculture 12%, industry 20%, services 68% (2004 est.)
Grenada agriculture 24%, industry 14%, services 62% (1999 est.)
Guadeloupe NA
Guam private 74% (industry 10%, trade 24%, other services 40%), federal and territorial government 26% (2000 est.)
Guatemala agriculture 50%, industry 15%, services 35% (1999 est.)
Guinea agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2000 est.)
Guinea-Bissau agriculture 82% (2000 est.)
Guyana agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Haiti agriculture 66%, industry 9%, services 25%
Holy See (Vatican City) essentially services with a small amount of industry; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican
Honduras agriculture 34%, industry 21%, services 45% (2001 est.)
Hong Kong manufacturing 7.5%, construction 2.9%, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels 43.7%, financing, insurance, and real estate 19.2%, transport and communications 7.9%, community and social services 18.5% note: above data exclude public sector (2004 est.)
Hungary agriculture 6.2%, industry 27.1%, services 66.7% (2002)
Iceland agriculture, fishing and fish processing 10.3%, industry 18.3%, services 71.4% (2003)
India agriculture 60%, industry 17%, services 23% (1999)
Indonesia agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.)
Iran agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (2001 est.)
Iraq agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Ireland agriculture 8%, industry 29%, services 63% (2002 est.)
Israel agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2.6%, manufacturing 20.2%, construction 7.5%, commerce 12.8%, transport, storage, and communications 6.2%, finance and business 13.1%, personal and other services 6.4%, public services 31.2% (1996)
Italy agriculture 5%, industry 32%, services 63% (2001)
Jamaica agriculture 20.1%, industry 16.6%, services 63.4% (2003)
Japan agriculture 5%, industry 25%, services 70% (2002 est.)
Jordan agriculture 5%, industry 12.5%, services 82.5% (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan agriculture 20%, industry 30%, services 50% (2002 est.)
Kenya agriculture 75% (2003 est.)
Korea, North agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%
Korea, South agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (2004 est.)
Kuwait agriculture NA, industries NA, services NA
Kyrgyzstan agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (2000 est.)
Laos agriculture 80% (1997 est.)
Latvia agriculture 15%, industry 25%, services 60% (2000 est.)
Lebanon agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Lesotho 86% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa
Liberia agriculture 70%, industry 8%, services 22% (2000 est.)
Libya agriculture 17%, industry 29%, services 54% (1997 est.)
Liechtenstein agriculture 1.3%, industry 47.4%, services 51.3% (31 December 2001 est.)
Lithuania agriculture 20%, industry 30%, services 50% (1997 est.)
Luxembourg agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (2004 est.)
Macau manufacturing 18.3%, construction 8%, transport and communications 7%, wholesale and retail trade 16.2%, restaurants and hotels 10.9%, gambling 11.6%, public sector 8.8%, other services and agriculture 19.2% (2003 est.)
Macedonia agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Malawi agriculture 90% (2003 est.)
Malaysia agriculture 14.5%, industry 36%, services 49.5% (2000 est.)
Maldives agriculture 22%, industry 18%, services 60% (1995)
Mali agriculture and fishing 80% (2001 est.)
Malta agriculture 5%, industry 24%, services 71% (1999 est.)
Man, Isle of agriculture, forestry and fishing 3%, manufacturing 11%, construction 10%, transport and communication 8%, wholesale and retail distribution 11%, professional and scientific services 18%, public administration 6%, banking and finance 18%, tourism 2%, entertainment and catering 3%, miscellaneous services 10%
Marshall Islands agriculture 21.4%, industry 20.9%, services 57.7%
Martinique agriculture 10%, industry 17%, services 73% (1997)
Mauritania agriculture 50%, industry 10%, services 40% (2001 est.)
Mauritius agriculture and fishing 14%, construction and industry 36%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, finance 3%, other services 24% (1995)
Mexico agriculture 18%, industry 24%, services 58% (2003)
Micronesia, Federated States of two-thirds are government employees
Moldova agriculture 40%, industry 14%, services 46% (1998)
Mongolia herding/agriculture 42%, mining 4%, manufacturing 6%, trade 14%, services 29%, public sector 5%, other 3.7% (2003)
Montserrat agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Morocco agriculture 40%, industry 15%, services 45% (2003 est.)
Mozambique agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.)
Namibia agriculture 47%, industry 20%, services 33% (1999 est.)
Nauru employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Nepal agriculture 81%, industry 3%, services 16%
Netherlands agriculture 4%, industry 23%, services 73% (1998 est.)
Netherlands Antilles agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (2000 est.)
New Caledonia agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)
New Zealand agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (1995)
Nicaragua agriculture 30.5%, industry 17.3%, services 52.2% (2003 est.)
Niger agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Nigeria agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999 est.)
Niue most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Norfolk Island tourism 90%, subsistence agriculture 10%
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4%, industry 22%, services 74% (1995)
Oman agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Pakistan agriculture 42%, industry 20%, services 38% (2004 est.)
Palau agriculture 20%, industry NA, services NA (1990)
Panama agriculture 20.8%, industry 18%, services 61.2% (1995 est.)
Papua New Guinea agriculture 85%, industry NA, services NA
Paraguay agriculture 45%
Peru agriculture 9%, industry 18%, services 73% (2001)
Philippines agriculture 36%, industry 16%, services 48% (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishing
Poland agriculture 16.1%, industry 29%, services 54.9% (2002)
Portugal agriculture 10%, industry 30%, services 60% (1999 est.)
Puerto Rico agriculture 3%, industry 20%, services 77% (2000 est.)
Reunion agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000)
Romania agriculture 31.6%, industry 30.7%, services 37.7% (2004)
Russia agriculture 12.3%, industry 22.7%, services 65% (2002 est.)
Rwanda agriculture 90%
Saint Helena agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia agriculture 21.7%, industry, commerce, and manufacturing 24.7%, services 53.6% (2002 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines agriculture 26%, industry 17%, services 57% (1980 est.)
Samoa NA
San Marino agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing note: shortages of skilled workers
Saudi Arabia agriculture 12%, industry 25%, services 63% (1999 est.)
Senegal agriculture 70%
Serbia and Montenegro agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Seychelles agriculture 10%, industry 19%, services 71% (1989)
Sierra Leone agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Singapore manufacturing 18%, construction 6%, transportation and communication 11%, financial, business, and other services 49%, other 16% (2003)
Slovakia agriculture 5.8%, industry 29.3%, construction 9%, services 55.9% (2003)
Slovenia agriculture 6%, industry 40%, services 55% (2002)
Solomon Islands agriculture 75%, industry 5%, services 20% (2000 est.)
Somalia agriculture (mostly pastoral nomadism) 71%, industry and services 29%
South Africa agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (1999 est.)
Spain agriculture 5.3%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 30.1%, services 64.6% (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka agriculture 38%, industry 17%, services 45% (1998 est.)
Sudan agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 7%, government 13% (1998 est.)
Suriname agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Swaziland NA
Sweden agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)
Switzerland agriculture 4.6%, industry 26.3%, services 69.1% (1998)
Syria agriculture 30%, industry 27%, services 43% (2002 est.)
Taiwan agriculture 8%, industry 35%, services 57% (2001 est.)
Tajikistan agriculture 67.2%, industry 7.5%, services 25.3% (2000 est.)
Tanzania agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2002 est.)
Thailand agriculture 49%, industry 14%, services 37% (2000 est.)
Togo agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)
Tonga agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago agriculture 9.5%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, construction and utilities 12.4%, services 64.1% (1997 est.)
Tunisia services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)
Turkey agriculture 35.9%, industry 22.8%, services 41.2% (3rd quarter, 2004)
Turkmenistan agriculture 48.2%, industry 13.8%, services 37% (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services
Tuvalu people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)
Uganda agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.)
Ukraine agriculture 24%, industry 32%, services 44% (1996)
United Arab Emirates agriculture 7%, industry 15%, services 78% (2000 est.)
United Kingdom agriculture 1.5%, industry 19.1%, services 79.5% (2004)
United States farming, forestry, and fishing 0.7%, manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts 22.7%, managerial, professional, and technical 34.9%, sales and office 25.5%, other services 16.3% note: figures exclude the unemployed (2004)
Uruguay agriculture 14%, industry 16%, services 70%
Uzbekistan agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995)
Vanuatu agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (2000 est.)
Venezuela agriculture 13%, industry 23%, services 64% (1997 est.)
Vietnam agriculture 63%, industry and services 37% (2000 est.)
Virgin Islands agriculture 1%, industry 19%, services 80% (2003 est.)
Wallis and Futuna agriculture, livestock, and fishing 80%, government 4% (2001 est.)
West Bank agriculture 15%, industry 25%, services 60% (2004 est.)
Western Sahara animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%
World agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Yemen most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force
Zambia agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%
Zimbabwe agriculture 66%, industry 10%, services 24% (1996)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2049 Exports - commodities
Afghanistan opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems
Albania textiles and footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil; vegetables, fruits, tobacco
Algeria petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97%
American Samoa canned tuna 93%
Andorra tobacco products, furniture
Angola crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton
Anguilla lobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete blocks, rum
Antigua and Barbuda petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%
Argentina edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor vehicles
Armenia diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, energy
Aruba live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment
Australia coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat, machinery and transport equipment
Austria machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel; textiles, foodstuffs
Azerbaijan oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs
Bahamas, The mineral products and salt, animal products, rum, chemicals; fruit and vegetables
Bahrain petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles
Bangladesh garments, jute and jute goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood (2001)
Barbados sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components
Belarus machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals; textiles, foodstuffs
Belgium machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs
Belize sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood
Benin cotton, crude oil, palm products, cocoa
Bermuda reexports of pharmaceuticals
Bhutan electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices
Bolivia natural gas, soybeans and soy products, crude petroleum, zinc ore, tin
Bosnia and Herzegovina metals, clothing, wood products
Botswana diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles
Brazil transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos
British Virgin Islands rum, fresh fish, fruits, animals; gravel, sand
Brunei crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Bulgaria clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels
Burkina Faso cotton, livestock, gold
Burma clothing, gas, wood products, pulses, beans, fish, rice
Burundi coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides
Cambodia Clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear
Cameroon crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton
Canada motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum
Cape Verde fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides
Cayman Islands turtle products, manufactured consumer goods
Central African Republic diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco
Chad cotton, cattle, gum arabic
Chile copper, fruit, fish products, paper and pulp, chemicals, wine
China machinery and equipment, plastics, optical and medical equipment, iron and steel
Christmas Island phosphate
Cocos (Keeling) Islands copra
Colombia petroleum, coffee, coal, apparel, bananas, cut flowers
Comoros vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra
Congo, Democratic Republic of the diamonds, copper, crude oil, coffee, cobalt
Congo, Republic of the petroleum, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds
Cook Islands copra, papayas, fresh and canned citrus fruit, coffee; fish; pearls and pearl shells; clothing
Costa Rica coffee, bananas, sugar; pineapples; textiles, electronic components, medical equipment
Cote d'Ivoire cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish
Croatia transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels
Cuba sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, coffee
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, clothing and cigarettes; north Cyprus: citrus, potatoes, textiles
Czech Republic machinery and transport equipment 52%, chemicals 5%, raw materials and fuel 9% (2003)
Denmark machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills
Djibouti reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)
Dominica bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges
Dominican Republic ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods
East Timor coffee, sandalwood, marble; note - the potential for oil and vanilla exports
Ecuador petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp
Egypt crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals
El Salvador offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity
Equatorial Guinea petroleum, methanol, timber, cocoa
Eritrea livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small manufactures (2000)
Estonia machinery and equipment 33%, wood and paper 15%, textiles 14%, food products 8%, furniture 7%, metals, chemical products (2001)
Ethiopia coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds
European Union machinery, motor vehicles, aircraft, plastics, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, fuels, iron and steel, nonferrous metals, wood pulp and paper products, textiles, meat, dairy products, fish, alcoholic beverages.
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) wool, hides, meat
Faroe Islands fish and fish products 94%, stamps, ships (1999)
Fiji sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil
Finland machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999)
France machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, beverages
French Guiana shrimp, timber, gold, rum, rosewood essence, clothing
French Polynesia cultured pearls, coconut products, mother-of-pearl, vanilla, shark meat
Gabon crude oil 77%, timber, manganese, uranium (2001)
Gambia, The peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels, re-exports
Gaza Strip citrus, flowers
Georgia scrap metal, machinery, chemicals; fuel reexports; citrus fruits, tea, wine
Germany machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles
Ghana gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds
Gibraltar (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Greece food and beverages, manufactured goods, petroleum products, chemicals, textiles
Greenland fish and fish products 94% (prawns 63%)
Grenada bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace
Guadeloupe bananas, sugar, rum
Guam mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products; construction materials, fish, food and beverage products
Guatemala coffee, sugar, petroleum, apparel, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom
Guernsey tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables
Guinea bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products
Guinea-Bissau cashew nuts, shrimp, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber
Guyana sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber
Haiti manufactures, coffee, oils, cocoa, mangoes
Honduras coffee, shrimp, bananas, gold, palm oil, fruit, lobster, lumber
Hong Kong electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, apparel, footwear, watches and clocks, toys, plastics, precious stones, printed material
Hungary machinery and equipment 61.1%, other manufactures 28.7%, food products 6.5%, raw materials 2%, fuels and electricity 1.6% (2003)
Iceland fish and fish products 70%, aluminum, animal products, ferrosilicon, diatomite
India textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures
Indonesia oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber
Iran petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets
Iraq crude oil (83.9%), crude materials excluding fuels (8.0%), food and live animals (5.0%)
Ireland machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; live animals, animal products
Israel machinery and equipment, software, cut diamonds, agricultural products, chemicals, textiles and apparel
Italy engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; food, beverages and tobacco; minerals and nonferrous metals
Jamaica alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum, coffee, yams, beverages, chemicals, wearing apparel, mineral fuels
Japan transport equipment, motor vehicles, semiconductors, electrical machinery, chemicals
Jersey light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Jordan clothing, phosphates, fertilizers, potash, vegetables, manufactures, pharmaceuticals
Kazakhstan oil and oil products 58%, ferrous metals 24%, chemicals 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal (2001)
Kenya tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement
Kiribati copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish
Korea, North minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments); textiles and fishery products
Korea, South semiconductors, wireless telecommunications equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicals
Kuwait oil and refined products, fertilizers
Kyrgyzstan cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, hydropower; machinery; shoes
Laos garments, wood products, coffee, electricity, tin
Latvia wood and wood products, machinery and equipment, metals, textiles, foodstuffs
Lebanon authentic jewelry, inorganic chemicals, miscellaneous consumer goods, fruit, tobacco, construction minerals, electric power machinery and switchgear, textile fibers, paper
Lesotho manufactures 75% (clothing, footwear, road vehicles), wool and mohair, food and live animals (2000)
Liberia rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, coffee
Libya crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas
Liechtenstein small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products
Lithuania mineral products 23%, textiles and clothing 16%, machinery and equipment 11%, chemicals 6%, wood and wood products 5%, foodstuffs 5% (2001)
Luxembourg machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass
Macau clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts
Macedonia food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and steel
Madagascar coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar; cotton cloth, chromite, petroleum products
Malawi tobacco 60%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel
Malaysia electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals
Maldives fish, clothing
Mali cotton, gold, livestock
Malta machinery and transport equipment, manufactures
Man, Isle of tweeds, herring, processed shellfish, beef, lamb
Marshall Islands copra cake, coconut oil, handicrafts, fish
Martinique refined petroleum products, bananas, rum, pineapples (2001 est.)
Mauritania iron ore, fish and fish products, gold
Mauritius clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Mayotte ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra, coconuts, coffee, cinnamon
Mexico manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton
Micronesia, Federated States of fish, garments, bananas, black pepper
Moldova foodstuffs, textiles, machinery
Mongolia copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals
Montserrat electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle
Morocco clothing, fish, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, fruits, vegetables
Mozambique aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity
Namibia diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, processed fish, karakul skins
Nauru phosphates
Nepal carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain
Netherlands machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs
Netherlands Antilles petroleum products
New Caledonia ferronickels, nickel ore, fish
New Zealand dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery
Nicaragua coffee, beef, shrimp and lobster, tobacco, sugar, gold, peanuts
Niger uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions
Nigeria petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber
Niue canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
Norfolk Island postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
Northern Mariana Islands garments
Norway petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish
Oman petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles
Pakistan textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, and yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs
Palau shellfish, tuna, copra, garments
Panama bananas, shrimp, sugar, coffee, clothing (1999)
Papua New Guinea oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns
Paraguay soybeans, feed, cotton, meat, edible oils, electricity, wood, leather
Peru copper, gold, zinc, crude petroleum and petroleum products, coffee
Philippines electronic equipment, machinery and transport equipment, garments, optical instruments, coconut products, fruits and nuts, copper products, chemicals
Pitcairn Islands fruits, vegetables, curios, stamps
Poland machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% (2003)
Portugal clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides
Puerto Rico chemicals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment
Qatar liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel
Reunion sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Romania textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural products
Russia petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures
Rwanda coffee, tea, hides, tin ore
Saint Helena fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Saint Kitts and Nevis machinery, food, electronics, beverages, tobacco
Saint Lucia bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil
Saint Pierre and Miquelon fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines bananas 39%, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch; tennis racquets
Samoa fish, coconut oil and cream, copra, taro, automotive parts, garments, beer
San Marino building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Sao Tome and Principe cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil
Saudi Arabia petroleum and petroleum products 90%
Senegal fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
Serbia and Montenegro manufactured goods, food and live animals, raw materials
Seychelles canned tuna, frozen fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)
Sierra Leone diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish (1999)
Singapore machinery and equipment (including electronics), consumer goods, chemicals, mineral fuels
Slovakia vehicles 25.9%, machinery and electrical equipment 21.3%, base metals 14.6%, chemicals and minerals 10.1%, plastics 5.4%% (2004 est.)
Slovenia manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
Solomon Islands timber, fish, copra, palm oil, cocoa
Somalia livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal
South Africa gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and minerals, machinery and equipment (1998 est.)
Spain machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods
Sri Lanka textiles and apparel; tea and spices; diamonds, emeralds, rubies; coconut products; rubber manufactures, fish
Sudan oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar
Suriname alumina, crude oil, lumber, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas
Swaziland soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit
Sweden machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals
Switzerland machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products
Syria crude oil, petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, clothing, meat and live animals, wheat
Taiwan computer products and electrical equipment, metals, textiles, plastics and rubber products, chemicals (2002)
Tajikistan aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
Tanzania gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton
Thailand textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical appliances
Togo reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Tokelau stamps, copra, handicrafts
Tonga squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Trinidad and Tobago petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers
Tunisia textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons
Turkey apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
Turkmenistan gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, cotton fiber, textiles
Turks and Caicos Islands lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
Tuvalu copra, fish
Uganda coffee, fish and fish products, tea; gold, cotton, flowers, horticultural products
Ukraine ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, food products
United Arab Emirates crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
United Kingdom manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco
United States agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2003)
Uruguay meat, rice, leather products, wool, fish, dairy products
Uzbekistan cotton 41.5%, gold 9.6%, energy products 9.6%, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products, automobiles (1998 est.)
Vanuatu copra, beef, cocoa, timber, kava, coffee
Venezuela petroleum, bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures
Vietnam crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber, tea, garments, shoes
Virgin Islands refined petroleum products
Wallis and Futuna copra, chemicals, construction materials
West Bank olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone
Western Sahara phosphates 62%
World the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
Yemen crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish
Zambia copper/cobalt 64%, cobalt, electricity, tobacco, flowers, cotton
Zimbabwe cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2050 Exports - partners (%)
Afghanistan Pakistan 24%, India 21.3%, US 12.4%, Germany 5.5% (2004)
Albania Italy 71.7%, Canada 4.3%, Germany 4.3% (2004)
Algeria US 22.6%, Italy 17.2%, France 11.4%, Spain 10.1%, Canada 7.5%, Brazil 6.1%, Belgium 4.6% (2004)
American Samoa Samoa 39.8%, Australia 19.9%, Japan 15.1%, New Zealand 10.5% (2004)
Andorra Spain 58%, France 34% (2000)
Angola US 38%, China 35.9%, Taiwan 6.8%, France 6.5% (2004)
Anguilla UK, US, Puerto Rico, Saint-Martin (2000)
Antigua and Barbuda Poland 47.8%, UK 24.6%, Germany 8.7% (2004)
Argentina Brazil 15.3%, Chile 10.7%, US 10.2%, China 8.7%, Spain 4.4% (2004)
Armenia Belgium 18%, Israel 15.3%, Germany 13.3%, Russia 12.5%, US 8.1%, Netherlands 7.2%, Iran 5.5%, Georgia 4.3%, UAE 4% (2004)
Aruba Netherlands 28.5%, Panama 17.5%, Venezuela 14.7%, Netherlands Antilles 11.2%, Colombia 10.7%, US 10.4% (2004)
Australia Japan 18.6%, China 9.2%, US 8.1%, South Korea 7.7%, New Zealand 7.4%, India 4.6%, UK 4.2% (2004)
Austria Germany 32%, Italy 8.9%, US 6%, Switzerland 4.8%, France 4.2%, UK 4.2% (2004)
Azerbaijan Italy 26.6%, Czech Republic 11.9%, Germany 8.1%, Indonesia 6.4%, Romania 6.2%, Georgia 6%, Russia 5.3%, Turkey 5.2%, France 4.1% (2004)
Bahamas, The US 40.2%, Poland 13.3%, Spain 11.6%, Germany 5.9%, France 4.3% (2004)
Bahrain Saudi Arabia 3%, US 2.9%, UAE 2.2% (2004)
Bangladesh US 22.4%, Germany 14.5%, UK 11.2%, France 6.9%, Italy 4% (2004)
Barbados US 20.6%, UK 14.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.9%, Saint Lucia 6.9%, Jamaica 6.6%, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5.1% (2004)
Belarus Russia 47%, UK 8.3%, Netherlands 6.7%, Poland 5.3% (2004)
Belgium Germany 19.9%, France 17.2%, Netherlands 11.8%, UK 8.6%, US 6.5%, Italy 5.2% (2004)
Belize US 37.2%, UK 26.8%, Jamaica 4.6% (2004)
Benin China 28.7%, India 18.4%, Ghana 6.3%, Thailand 6%, Niger 5.8%, Indonesia 4.2%, Nigeria 4.2% (2004)
Bermuda France 73.2%, UK 6.2%, Spain 2.4% (2004)
Bhutan Bangladesh 47.4%, Japan 30.2%, France 3.4% (2004)
Bolivia Brazil 40%, US 13.9%, Colombia 8.7%, Peru 6.3%, Japan 4.5% (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Italy 22.3%, Croatia 21.1%, Germany 20.8%, Austria 7.4%, Slovenia 7.1%, Hungary 4.8% (2004)
Botswana European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 87%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 7%, Zimbabwe 4% (2000)
Brazil US 20.8%, Argentina 7.5%, Netherlands 6.1%, China 5.6%, Germany 4.1%, Mexico 4% (2004)
British Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US
Brunei Japan 38.1%, South Korea 14%, Australia 11.2%, US 8.6%, Thailand 7.9%, Indonesia 5.9%, China 4.5% (2004)
Bulgaria Italy 13.1%, Germany 11.6%, Turkey 9.3%, Belgium 6.1%, Greece 5.6%, US 5.3%, France 4.9% (2004)
Burkina Faso China 32.1%, Singapore 11.5%, Ghana 4.7%, Bangladesh 4.3% (2004)
Burma Thailand 37.8%, India 11.7%, China 6%, Japan 5.3% (2004)
Burundi Germany 19.6%, Belgium 8.2%, Pakistan 6.7%, US 5.6%, Rwanda 5.6%, Thailand 5.4% (2004)
Cambodia US 55.9%, Germany 11.7%, UK 6.9%, Vietnam 4.4%, Canada 4.2% (2004)
Cameroon Spain 15.2%, Italy 12.3%, UK 10.2%, France 9.2%, US 8.8%, South Korea 7.1%, Netherlands 4.3% (2004)
Canada US 85.2%, Japan 2.1%, UK 1.6% (2004)
Cape Verde Portugal 59.4%, US 17.2%, UK 11.4% (2004)
Cayman Islands mostly US
Central African Republic Belgium 39.2%, Italy 8.6%, Spain 7.9%, US 6.2%, France 6.1%, Indonesia 5.8%, China 4.9% (2004)
Chad US 67.8%, China 21.5%, Portugal 4.3% (2004)
Chile US 14%, Japan 11.4%, China 9.9%, South Korea 5.5%, Netherlands 5.1%, Brazil 4.3%, Italy 4.1%, Mexico 4% (2004)
China US 21.1%, Hong Kong 17%, Japan 12.4%, South Korea 4.7%, Germany 4% (2004)
Christmas Island Australia, NZ
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australia
Colombia US 42.1%, Venezuela 9.7%, Ecuador 6% (2004)
Comoros US 43.8%, France 18.6%, Singapore 16.5%, Turkey 4.8%, Germany 4.5% (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Belgium 47.8%, Finland 21%, US 10.9%, China 7.6% (2004)
Congo, Republic of the China 26.8%, Taiwan 19.2%, North Korea 8.4%, US 7.3%, France 5.5%, South Korea 4.8% (2004)
Cook Islands Australia 34%, Japan 27%, New Zealand 25%, US 8% (2000)
Costa Rica US 46.9%, Netherlands 5.3%, Guatemala 4.4% (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire US 11.6%, Netherlands 10.3%, France 9.5%, Italy 5.5%, Belgium 4.7%, Germany 4.7% (2004)
Croatia Italy 23%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.4%, Germany 11.4%, Austria 9.6%, Slovenia 7.6% (2004)
Cuba Netherlands 22.7%, Canada 20.6%, China 7.7%, Russia 7.5%, Spain 6.4%, Venezuela 4.4% (2004)
Cyprus UK 27.2%, Greece 11.9%, Germany 5%, UAE 4.8% (2004)
Czech Republic Germany 36.1%, Slovakia 8.4%, Austria 6%, Poland 5.3%, UK 4.7%, France 4.7%, Italy 4.3%, Netherlands 4.3% (2004)
Denmark Germany 18%, Sweden 13.2%, UK 8.7%, US 5.8%, Netherlands 5.5%, Norway 5.4%, France 5% (2004)
Djibouti Somalia 63.8%, Yemen 22.6%, Ethiopia 5% (2004)
Dominica UK 21.6%, Jamaica 14.8%, Antigua and Barbuda 8.8%, Guyana 7.5%, Japan 5.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.8%, US 4.3%, Saint Lucia 4% (2004)
Dominican Republic US 80%, South Korea 2.1%, Canada 1.9% (2004)
East Timor Indonesia 100%
Ecuador US 42.9%, Panama 14.3%, Peru 7.9%, Italy 4.6% (2004)
Egypt Italy 11.9%, US 10.8%, UK 7%, Syria 6.2%, Germany 4.7%, Spain 4.2% (2004)
El Salvador US 65.6%, Guatemala 11.8%, Honduras 6.3% (2004)
Equatorial Guinea US 29.3%, China 22.8%, Spain 16%, Taiwan 14.9%, Canada 6.8% (2004)
Eritrea Malaysia 26.6%, Italy 17.1%, Japan 8%, Germany 6.6%, China 5%, UK 4.9%, US 4.7%, France 4.4%, Poland 4.2% (2004)
Estonia Finland 23.1%, Sweden 15.3%, Germany 8.4%, Latvia 7.9%, Russia 5.7%, Lithuania 4.4% (2004)
Ethiopia Djibouti 13.3%, Germany 10%, Japan 8.4%, Saudi Arabia 5.6%, US 5.2%, UAE 5%, Italy 4.6% (2004)
European Union US 22.9%, Switzerland 6.9%, China 4.1%, Japan 4%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Spain 77.4%, UK 9.4%, US 4.9% (2004)
Faroe Islands Denmark 33.5%, UK 29.7%, Norway 8.4%, Nigeria 7.2% (2004)
Fiji US 24%, Australia 19%, UK 12.6%, Samoa 6.5%, Japan 4.1% (2004)
Finland Sweden 11.1%, Germany 10.7%, Russia 8.9%, UK 7%, US 6.4%, Netherlands 5.1% (2004)
France Germany 15%, Spain 9.5%, UK 9.3%, Italy 9%, Belgium 7.2%, US 6.7% (2004)
French Guiana France 62%, Switzerland 7%, US 2% (2001)
French Polynesia France 36.6%, Japan 22.7%, US 16.1%, Niger 13%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)
Gabon US 53.3%, China 8.5%, France 7.4% (2004)
Gambia, The India 21.4%, Thailand 15.1%, UK 13.7%, France 12.9%, Germany 8.7%, Italy 7.5% (2004)
Gaza Strip Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Georgia Turkey 18.3%, Turkmenistan 17.8%, Russia 16.2%, Armenia 8.4%, UK 4.9% (2004)
Germany France 10.3%, US 8.8%, UK 8.3%, Italy 7.2%, Netherlands 6.2%, Belgium 5.6%, Austria 5.4%, Spain 5% (2004)
Ghana Mexico 69.8%, Netherlands 3.7%, UK 3% (2004)
Gibraltar France 19.4%, Spain 14.1%, Turkmenistan 12.1%, Switzerland 11.7%, Germany 10.1%, UK 9.1%, Greece 6.8% (2004)
Greece Germany 13.2%, Italy 10.3%, UK 7.5%, Bulgaria 6.3%, US 5.3%, Cyprus 4.6%, Turkey 4.5%, France 4.2% (2004)
Greenland Denmark 63.8%, Japan 12.6%, China 3.9% (2004)
Grenada Saint Lucia 12.7%, US 12.2%, Antigua and Barbuda 8.7%, Netherlands 7.9%, Saint Kitts and Nevis 7.8%, Dominica 7.8%, Germany 7.1%, France 4.6% (2004)
Guadeloupe France 60%, Martinique 18%, US 4% (1999)
Guam Japan 66.1%, South Korea 9.9%, Singapore 8.4% (2004)
Guatemala US 53%, El Salvador 11.4%, Honduras 7.1%, Mexico 4.1% (2004)
Guernsey UK (regarded as internal trade)
Guinea France 17.7%, Belgium 14.7%, UK 14.7%, Switzerland 12.8%, Ukraine 4.2% (2004)
Guinea-Bissau India 52.1%, US 22.2%, Nigeria 13.2% (2004)
Guyana Canada 23.2%, US 19.2%, UK 10.9%, Portugal 9%, Belgium 6.4%, Jamaica 5.2% (2004)
Haiti US 81.2%, Dominican Republic 7.3%, Canada 4.1% (2004)
Honduras US 54.4%, El Salvador 8.1%, Germany 5.9%, Guatemala 5.4% (2004)
Hong Kong China 44%, US 17%, Japan 5.3% (2004)
Hungary Germany 31.4%, Austria 6.8%, France 5.7%, Italy 5.6%, UK 5.1% (2004)
Iceland UK 19.1%, Germany 17.2%, Netherlands 11.5%, US 9.8%, Spain 6.8%, Denmark 4.6% (2004)
India US 17%, UAE 8.8%, China 5.5%, Hong Kong 4.7%, UK 4.5%, Singapore 4.5% (2004)
Indonesia Japan 22.3%, US 12.3%, Singapore 8.4%, South Korea 6.8%, China 6.4%, Malaysia 4.2% (2004)
Iran Japan 18.4%, China 9.7%, Italy 6%, South Africa 5.8%, South Korea 5.4%, Taiwan 4.6%, Turkey 4.4%, Netherlands 4% (2004)
Iraq US 51.9%, Spain 7.3%, Japan 6.6%, Italy 5.7%, Canada 5.2% (2004)
Ireland US 19.7%, UK 17.7%, Belgium 14.7%, Germany 7.7%, France 6%, Netherlands 4.6%, Italy 4.5% (2004)
Israel US 36.8%, Belgium 7.5%, Hong Kong 4.9% (2004)
Italy Germany 13.6%, France 12.3%, US 8%, Spain 7.2%, UK 6.9%, Switzerland 4.2% (2004)
Jamaica US 17.4%, Canada 14.8%, France 13%, China 10.5%, UK 8.7%, Netherlands 7.5%, Norway 6%, Germany 5.9% (2004)
Japan US 22.7%, China 13.1%, South Korea 7.8%, Taiwan 7.4%, Hong Kong 6.3% (2004)
Jersey UK
Jordan US 28.9%, Iraq 17.6%, India 7.1%, Saudi Arabia 5.6% (2004)
Kazakhstan Russia 15.1%, Bermuda 13.8%, Germany 11%, China 9.9%, France 6.6%, Italy 4% (2004)
Kenya Uganda 13.3%, UK 11.4%, US 10.6%, Netherlands 8.2%, Egypt 4.9%, Tanzania 4.5%, Pakistan 4.3% (2004)
Kiribati France 45.7%, Japan 29.2%, US 9.1%, Thailand 5.4% (2004)
Korea, North China 29.9%, South Korea 24.1%, Japan 13.2% (2004)
Korea, South China 19.7%, US 17%, Japan 8.6%, Hong Kong 7.2% (2004)
Kuwait Japan 20.5%, South Korea 13.7%, US 12.4%, Singapore 11.3%, Taiwan 9.9% (2004)
Kyrgyzstan UAE 28.2%, Russia 19.1%, China 12%, Kazakhstan 11.1%, Switzerland 6.3% (2004)
Laos Thailand 19.3%, Vietnam 13.4%, France 8%, Germany 5.3%, UK 5% (2004)
Latvia UK 12.8%, Germany 12%, Sweden 10%, Lithuania 9.1%, Estonia 8%, Russia 6.4%, Denmark 5.4% (2004)
Lebanon Syria 24.9%, UAE 10%, Turkey 6.9%, Switzerland 6.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.3% (2004)
Lesotho US 97%, Canada 2.1%, UK 0.3% (2004)
Liberia Denmark 29.5%, Germany 18.9%, Poland 14.3%, US 8.9%, Greece 8% (2004)
Libya Italy 37%, Germany 16.6%, Spain 11.9%, Turkey 7.1%, France 6.2% (2004)
Liechtenstein EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%
Lithuania Germany 10.2%, Latvia 10.2%, Russia 9.3%, France 6.3%, UK 5.3%, Sweden 5.1%, Estonia 5%, Poland 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8%, Denmark 4.8%, US 4.7%, Switzerland 4.6% (2004)
Luxembourg Germany 22.1%, France 20.1%, Belgium 10.2%, UK 8.4%, Italy 7.3%, Spain 5.9%, Netherlands 4.3% (2004)
Macau US 48.7%, China 13.9%, Germany 8.3%, Hong Kong 7.6%, UK 4.4% (2004)
Macedonia Serbia and Montenegro 31.4%, Germany 19.9%, Greece 8.9%, Croatia 6.9%, US 4.9% (2004)
Madagascar US 35.8%, France 30.8%, Germany 7.7% (2004)
Malawi South Africa 13.5%, US 12%, Germany 11.6%, Egypt 8.4%, UK 6.6%, Mozambique 4.5% (2004)
Malaysia US 18.8%, Singapore 15%, Japan 10.1%, China 6.7%, Hong Kong 6%, Thailand 4.8% (2004)
Maldives US 26.5%, Thailand 23.5%, Sri Lanka 12.3%, Japan 11.7%, UK 9.8%, Germany 4.9% (2004)
Mali China 31.6%, Pakistan 10%, Italy 6.9%, Thailand 5.8%, Germany 5.1%, India 4.8%, Bangladesh 4.5%, Taiwan 4% (2004)
Malta US 15.7%, France 15.5%, Singapore 14.5%, UK 11.2%, Germany 10.8% (2004)
Man, Isle of UK (2000)
Marshall Islands US, Japan, Australia, China (2000)
Martinique France 45%, Guadeloupe 28% (2000)
Mauritania Japan 13.1%, France 11%, Spain 9.7%, Germany 9.7%, Italy 9.6%, Belgium 7.5%, China 6.1%, Russia 4.6%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.1% (2004)
Mauritius UK 33.1%, France 20.4%, US 14.8%, Madagascar 5.1%, Italy 4.1% (2004)
Mayotte France 80%, Comoros 15%, Reunion (2000)
Mexico US 87.6%, Canada 1.8%, Spain 1.1% (2004)
Micronesia, Federated States of Japan, US, Guam (2000)
Moldova Russia 35.8%, Italy 13.9%, Romania 10%, Germany 7.3%, Ukraine 6.6%, Belarus 6%, US 4.6% (2004)
Mongolia China 47.8%, US 17.9%, UK 15.7% (2004)
Montserrat US, Antigua and Barbuda
Morocco France 33.6%, Spain 17.4%, UK 7.7%, Italy 4.7%, US 4.1% (2004)
Mozambique Netherlands 60.9%, South Africa 12.9%, Malawi 3.3% (2004)
Namibia EU 79%, US 4% (2001)
Nauru South Africa 43.4%, Germany 20.7%, India 11.8%, Japan 7.2%, Poland 4% (2004)
Nepal India 47.4%, US 22.7%, Germany 8.4% (2004)
Netherlands Germany 25%, Belgium 12.4%, UK 10.1%, France 9.9%, Italy 6%, US 4.3% (2004)
Netherlands Antilles US 20.4%, Panama 11.2%, Guatemala 8.8%, Haiti 7.1%, Bahamas, The 5.6%, Honduras 4.2% (2004)
New Caledonia Japan 22%, France 16.5%, Taiwan 12.3%, South Korea 12%, Spain 6.3%, Australia 6.1%, China 4.8%, South Africa 4.5% (2004)
New Zealand Australia 21%, US 14.4%, Japan 11.3%, China 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2004)
Nicaragua US 64.8%, El Salvador 7%, Mexico 3.6% (2004)
Niger France 41%, Nigeria 22.4%, Japan 15.3%, Switzerland 6%, Spain 4.1%, Ghana 4% (2004)
Nigeria US 47.5%, Brazil 10.7%, Spain 7.1% (2004)
Niue New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)
Norfolk Island Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe
Northern Mariana Islands US (2000)
Norway UK 22.4%, Germany 12.9%, Netherlands 9.9%, France 9.6%, US 8.4%, Sweden 6.7% (2004)
Oman China 29.5%, South Korea 17.5%, Japan 11.5%, Thailand 10.6%, UAE 7.2% (2004)
Pakistan US 23.5%, UAE 7.4%, UK 7.3%, Germany 5%, Hong Kong 4.4% (2004)
Palau US, Japan, Singapore (2000)
Panama US 50.5%, Sweden 6.6%, Spain 5.1%, Netherlands 4.4%, Costa Rica 4.2% (2004)
Papua New Guinea Australia 28%, Japan 5.8%, Germany 4.7%, China 4.6% (2004)
Paraguay Uruguay 27.8%, Brazil 19.2%, Argentina 6.3%, Switzerland 4.1% (2004)
Peru US 29.5%, China 9.9%, UK 9%, Chile 5.1%, Japan 4.4% (2004)
Philippines Japan 20.1%, US 18.2%, Netherlands 9%, Hong Kong 7.9%, China 6.7%, Singapore 6.6%, Taiwan 5.6%, Malaysia 5.2% (2004)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland Germany 30%, Italy 6.1%, France 6%, UK 5.4%, Czech Republic 4.3%, Netherlands 4.3% (2004)
Portugal Spain 25%, France 14%, Germany 13.5%, UK 9.6%, US 6%, Italy 4.3%, Netherlands 4% (2004)
Puerto Rico US 90.3%, UK 1.6%, Netherlands 1.4%, Dominican Republic 1.4% (2002 est.)
Qatar Japan 41.9%, South Korea 15.8%, Singapore 9.1%, India 5.4% (2004)
Reunion France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2000)
Romania Italy 21.4%, Germany 15%, France 8.5%, Turkey 7%, UK 6.6% (2004)
Russia Netherlands 9.1%, Germany 8%, Ukraine 6.4%, Italy 6.2%, China 6%, US 5%, Switzerland 4.7%, Turkey 4.3% (2004)
Rwanda Indonesia 64.2%, China 3.6%, Germany 2.7% (2004)
Saint Helena Tanzania 30.3%, US 23.8%, Japan 10.4%, UK 7.1%, Spain 6.3% (2004)
Saint Kitts and Nevis US 57.5%, Canada 9%, Portugal 8.3%, UK 6.7% (2004)
Saint Lucia UK 41.4%, US 16.5%, Brazil 11.6%, Barbados 5.8%, Antigua and Barbuda 4.6%, Dominica 4.5% (2004)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Belgium 41.3%, US 19.9%, Spain 14.9%, France 10%, Germany 4.1% (2004)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines UK 33.5%, Barbados 13.1%, Saint Lucia 11.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 9.9%, Antigua and Barbuda 8.3%, US 5.3%, Grenada 5.3%, Dominica 4.1% (2004)
Samoa Australia 67.2%, US 5.7%, Indonesia 5.3% (2004)
Sao Tome and Principe Netherlands 35.9%, China 12.3%, Belgium 7.4%, Germany 6.3%, Poland 5.1%, France 4.8%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)
Saudi Arabia US 18.2%, Japan 14.9%, South Korea 9.5%, China 6.1%, Taiwan 4.5%, Singapore 4.1% (2004)
Senegal India 14.4%, Mali 13.1%, France 9.8%, Italy 7.3%, Spain 6.6%, Guinea-Bissau 5.6%, Gambia, The 4.8% (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro Italy 29%, Germany 16.6%, Austria 7%, Greece 6.7%, France 4.9%, Slovenia 4.1% (2004)
Seychelles UK 27.7%, France 15.8%, Spain 12.6%, Japan 8.6%, Italy 7.5%, Germany 5.6% (2004)
Sierra Leone Belgium 61.6%, Germany 11.8%, US 5.4% (2004)
Singapore Malaysia 15.2%, US 13%, Hong Kong 9.8%, China 8.6%, Japan 6.4%, Taiwan 4.6%, Thailand 4.3%, South Korea 4.1% (2004)
Slovakia Germany 34.4%, Czech Republic 14.7%, Austria 8.2%, Italy 5.8%, Poland 5.3%, US 4.5%, Hungary 4.3% (2004)
Slovenia Germany 18.3%, Italy 11.6%, Austria 11.5%, France 7.4%, Croatia 7.4%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.8% (2004)
Solomon Islands China 27.8%, South Korea 17.1%, Thailand 15.7%, Japan 9.7%, Philippines 4.8% (2004)
Somalia UAE 39.3%, Thailand 24.3%, Yemen 12.2%, Oman 4.7% (2004)
South Africa US 10.2%, UK 9.2%, Japan 9%, Germany 7.1%, Netherlands 4% (2004)
Spain France 19.3%, Germany 11.7%, Portugal 9.6%, UK 9%, Italy 9%, US 4% (2004)
Sri Lanka US 32.4%, UK 13.5%, India 6.8%, Germany 4.8% (2004)
Sudan China 66.9%, Japan 10.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.4% (2004)
Suriname Norway 29.3%, US 15.1%, Canada 12.5%, Belgium 10.2%, France 8.4%, UAE 6.1%, Iceland 4.3% (2004)
Swaziland South Africa 59.7%, EU 8.8%, US 8.8%, Mozambique 6.2% (2004)
Sweden US 10.7%, Germany 10.2%, Norway 8.6%, UK 7.8%, Denmark 6.7%, Finland 5.7%, France 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8%, Belgium 4.5% (2004)
Switzerland Germany 20.2%, US 10.5%, France 8.7%, Italy 8.3%, UK 5.1%, Spain 4% (2004)
Syria Italy 22.7%, France 18%, Turkey 12.9%, Iraq 9%, Saudi Arabia 6.2% (2004)
Taiwan China, including Hong Kong 37%, US 16%, Japan 7.7% (2004)
Tajikistan Netherlands 41.4%, Turkey 15.3%, Uzbekistan 7.2%, Latvia 7.1%, Switzerland 6.9%, Russia 6.6% (2004)
Tanzania India 9.1%, Spain 8.3%, Netherlands 6.4%, Japan 5.8%, UK 5%, China 4.8%, Kenya 4.7% (2004)
Thailand US 15.9%, Japan 13.9%, China 7.3%, Singapore 7.2%, Malaysia 5.4%, Hong Kong 5.1% (2004)
Togo Burkina Faso 16.4%, Ghana 15.1%, Benin 9.4%, Mali 7.6%, China 7.5%, India 5.6% (2004)
Tokelau New Zealand (2000)
Tonga Japan 37.1%, China 18.7%, US 17.7%, Taiwan 8.7%, New Zealand 7.4% (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago US 67.1%, Jamaica 5.7%, France 3.5% (2004)
Tunisia France 33.1%, Italy 25.3%, Germany 9.2%, Spain 6.1% (2004)
Turkey Germany 13.9%, UK 8.8%, US 7.7%, Italy 7.4%, France 5.8%, Spain 4.2% (2004)
Turkmenistan Ukraine 46.6%, Iran 17.3%, Turkey 4.2%, Italy 4.1% (2004)
Turks and Caicos Islands US, UK
Tuvalu Germany 56.5%, Fiji 14.3%, Italy 10.9%, UK 7.7%, Poland 4.9% (2004)
Uganda Kenya 15%, Netherlands 10.7%, Belgium 9%, France 4.4%, Germany 4.4% (2004)
Ukraine Russia 18%, Germany 5.8%, Turkey 5.7%, Italy 5%, US 4.6% (2004)
United Arab Emirates Japan 24.9%, South Korea 9.9%, India 5.4%, Thailand 5.2% (2004)
United Kingdom US 15.3%, Germany 10.8%, France 9.2%, Ireland 6.8%, Netherlands 6%, Belgium 5.1%, Spain 4.5%, Italy 4.2% (2004)
United States Canada 23%, Mexico 13.6%, Japan 6.7%, UK 4.4%, China 4.3% (2004)
Uruguay US 17.3%, Brazil 16%, Germany 6.3%, Argentina 6.2%, Mexico 4.2% (2004)
Uzbekistan Russia 22%, China 14.7%, Turkey 6.4%, Tajikistan 6.1%, Kazakhstan 4.2%, Bangladesh 4% (2004)
Vanuatu Thailand 47%, Malaysia 18.4%, Japan 7.5%, Belgium 5.4%, China 4.9% (2004)
Venezuela US 55.6%, Netherlands Antilles 4.7%, Dominican Republic 2.8% (2004)
Vietnam US 20.2%, Japan 13.6%, China 9%, Australia 7%, Germany 5.9%, Singapore 4.8%, UK 4.6% (2004)
Virgin Islands US, Puerto Rico
Wallis and Futuna Italy 40%, Croatia 15%, US 14%, Denmark 13%
West Bank Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)
Western Sahara Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
World US 15.7%, Germany 7.7%, China 5.4%, France 5.1%, UK 5.1%, Japan 4.5% (2004)
Yemen Thailand 33.8%, China 30.3%, Singapore 7.8% (2004)
Zambia South Africa 25.6%, UK 17%, Switzerland 16%, Tanzania 7.4%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 7%, Zimbabwe 5.8% (2004)
Zimbabwe South Africa 31.5%, Switzerland 7.4%, UK 7.3%, China 6.1%, Germany 4.3% (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2051 Administrative divisions
Afghanistan 34 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Daykondi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khowst, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Nurestan, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Panjshir, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Vardak, and Zabol
Albania 12 counties (qarqe, singular - qark); Qarku i Beratit, Qarku i Dibres, Qarku i Durresit, Qarku i Elbasanit, Qarku i Fierit, Qarku i Gjirokastres, Qarku i Korces, Qarku i Kukesit, Qarku i Lezhes, Qarku i Shkodres, Qarku i Tiranes, Qarku i Vlores
Algeria 48 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen
American Samoa none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western
Andorra 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Angola 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
Anguilla none (overseas territory of the UK)
Antigua and Barbuda 6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip
Argentina 23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), and 1 autonomous city* (distrito federal); Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires Capital Federal*, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur, Tucuman note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica
Armenia 11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan
Aruba none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Australia 6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Austria 9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten, Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna)
Azerbaijan 59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities* (saharlar; sahar - singular), 1 autonomous republic** (muxtar respublika) rayons: Abseron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, Astara Rayonu, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Cabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu, Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu, Saki Rayonu, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Susa Rayonu, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu, Xacmaz Rayonu, Xanlar Rayonu, Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand Rayonu, Yardimli Rayonu, Yevlax Rayonu, Zangilan Rayonu, Zaqatala Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu cities: Ali Bayramli Sahari, Baki Sahari, Ganca Sahari, Lankaran Sahari, Mingacevir Sahari, Naftalan Sahari, Saki Sahari, Sumqayit Sahari, Susa Sahari, Xankandi Sahari, Yevlax Sahari autonomous republic: Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi
Bahamas, The 21 districts; Acklins and Crooked Islands, Bimini, Cat Island, Exuma, Freeport, Fresh Creek, Governor's Harbour, Green Turtle Cay, Harbour Island, High Rock, Inagua, Kemps Bay, Long Island, Marsh Harbour, Mayaguana, New Providence, Nichollstown and Berry Islands, Ragged Island, Rock Sound, Sandy Point, San Salvador and Rum Cay
Bahrain 12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah note: all municipalities administered from Manama
Bangladesh 6 divisions; Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, and Sylhet
Barbados 11 parishes; Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas; note - the city of Bridgetown may be given parish status
Belarus 6 provinces (voblastsi, singular - voblasts') and 1 municipality* (horad); Brest, Homyel', Horad Minsk*, Hrodna, Mahilyow, Minsk, Vitsyebsk note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers
Belgium 10 provinces (French: provinces, singular - province; Dutch: provincies, singular - provincie) and 3 regions* (French: regions; Dutch: gewesten); Antwerpen, Brabant Wallon, Brussels* (Bruxelles), Flanders*, Hainaut, Liege, Limburg, Luxembourg, Namur, Oost-Vlaanderen, Vlaams-Brabant, Wallonia*, West-Vlaanderen note: as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities
Belize 6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo
Benin 12 departments; Alibori, Atakora, Atlantique, Borgou, Collines, Kouffo, Donga, Littoral, Mono, Oueme, Plateau, Zou
Bermuda 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick
Bhutan 18 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Dagana, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang note: there may be two new districts named Gasa and Yangtse
Bolivia 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 first-order administrative divisions and 1 internationally supervised district* - Brcko district (Brcko Distrikt)*, the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska; note - Brcko district is in northeastern Bosnia and is an administrative unit under the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina; the district remains under international supervision
Botswana 9 districts and 5 town councils*; Central, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Northwest, Northeast, Selebi-Pikwe*, Southeast, Southern
Brazil 26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins
British Virgin Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Brunei 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Bulgaria 28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo, Kurdzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofiya, Sofiya-Grad, Stara Zagora, Turgovishte, Varna, Veliko Turnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol
Burkina Faso 45 provinces; Bale, Bam, Banwa, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Comoe, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Ioba, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komondjari, Kompienga, Kossi, Koulpelogo, Kouritenga, Kourweogo, Leraba, Loroum, Mouhoun, Namentenga, Nahouri, Nayala, Noumbiel, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Tuy, Yagha, Yatenga, Ziro, Zondoma, Zoundweogo
Burma 7 divisions (taing-myar, singular - taing) and 7 states (pyi ne-myar, singular - pyi ne) divisions: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Tanintharyi, Yangon states: Chin State, Kachin State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Mon State, Rakhine State, Shan State
Burundi 16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
Cambodia 20 provinces (khaitt, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities (krong, singular and plural) provinces: Banteay Mean Chey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Koh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Chey, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanakir, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takao municipalities: Keb, Pailin, Phnom Penh, Preah Seihanu
Cameroon 10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest
Canada 10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*
Cape Verde 17 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Miguel, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal
Cayman Islands 8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West End, Western
Central African Republic 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture), 2 economic prefectures* (prefectures economiques, singular - prefecture economique), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui**, Basse-Kotto, Haute-Kotto, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo, Lobaye, Mambere-Kadei, Mbomou, Nana-Grebizi*, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha-Mbaere*, Vakaga
Chad 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile note: instead of 14 prefectures, there may be a new administrative structure of 28 departments (departments, singular - department), and 1 city*; Assongha, Baguirmi, Bahr El Gazal, Bahr Koh, Batha Oriental, Batha Occidental, Biltine, Borkou, Dababa, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Kabia, Kanem, Lac, Lac Iro, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Boneye, Mayo-Dallah, Monts de Lam, N'Djamena*, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile Oriental, Tandjile Occidental, Tibesti
Chile 13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapaca, Valparaiso note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica
China 23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 4 municipalities (shi, singular and plural) provinces: Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang autonomous regions: Guangxi, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Xizang (Tibet) municipalities: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin note: China considers Taiwan its 23rd province; see separate entries for the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau
Christmas Island none (territory of Australia)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands none (territory of Australia)
Colombia 32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Distrito Capital de Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada
Comoros 3 islands; Grande Comore (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali); note - there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni, Moroni, and Moutsamoudou
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 10 provinces (provinces, singular - province) and 1 city* (ville); Bandundu, Bas-Congo, Equateur, Kasai-Occidental, Kasai-Oriental, Katanga, Kinshasa*, Maniema, Nord-Kivu, Orientale, Sud-Kivu
Congo, Republic of the 10 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 commune*; Bouenza, Brazzaville*, Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pool, Sangha
Cook Islands none
Costa Rica 7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose
Cote d'Ivoire 19 regions; Agneby, Bafing, Bas-Sassandra, Denguele, Dix-Huit Montagnes, Fromager, Haut-Sassandra, Lacs, Lagunes, Marahoue, Moyen-Cavally, Moyen-Comoe, N'zi-Comoe, Savanes, Sud-Bandama, Sud-Comoe, Vallee du Bandama, Worodougou, Zanzan
Croatia 20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular); Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska Zupanija, Brodsko-Posavska Zupanija, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska Zupanija, Istarska Zupanija, Karlovacka Zupanija, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka Zupanija, Krapinsko-Zagorska Zupanija, Licko-Senjska Zupanija, Medimurska Zupanija, Osjecko-Baranjska Zupanija, Pozesko-Slavonska Zupanija, Primorsko-Goranska Zupanija, Sibensko-Kninska Zupanija, Sisacko-Moslavacka Zupanija, Splitsko-Dalmatinska Zupanija, Varazdinska Zupanija, Viroviticko-Podravska Zupanija, Vukovarsko-Srijemska Zupanija, Zadarska Zupanija, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka Zupanija
Cuba 14 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara
Cyprus 6 districts; Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos; note - Turkish Cypriot area's administrative divisions include Kyrenia, all but a small part of Famagusta, and small parts of Lefkosia (Nicosia) and Larnaca
Czech Republic 13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky Kraj, Jihomoravsky Kraj, Karlovarsky Kraj, Kralovehradecky Kraj, Liberecky Kraj, Moravskoslezsky Kraj, Olomoucky Kraj, Pardubicky Kraj, Plzensky Kraj, Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky Kraj, Ustecky Kraj, Vysocina, Zlinsky Kraj
Denmark metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 2 boroughs* (amtskommuner, singular - amtskommune); Arhus, Bornholm, Frederiksberg*, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Kobenhavn (Copenhagen)*, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjalland, Viborg note: since 2005 Bornholm may have become a borough; in the future the counties may be replaced by regions; see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Kingdom of Denmark and are self-governing overseas administrative divisions
Djibouti 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura
Dominica 10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter
Dominican Republic 31 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elias Pina, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, Sanchez Ramirez, San Cristobal, San Jose de Ocoa, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Santo Domingo, Valverde
East Timor 13 administrative districts; Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Cova-Lima (Suai), Dili, Ermera, Lautem (Los Palos), Liquica, Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oecussi (Ambeno), Viqueque
Ecuador 22 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe
Egypt 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah, Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina', Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina', Suhaj
El Salvador 14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan
Equatorial Guinea 7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas
Eritrea 6 regions (zobatat, singular - zoba); Anseba, Debub (Southern), Debubawi K'eyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash Barka, Ma'akel (Central), Semenawi Keyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea)
Estonia 15 counties (maakonnad, singular - maakond): Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru) note: counties have the administrative center name following in parentheses
Ethiopia 9 ethnically-based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Faroe Islands none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 49 municipalities
Fiji 4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*, Western
Finland 6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani
France 22 regions (regions, singular - region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse, Franche-Comte, Haute-Normandie, Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Rhone-Alpes note: metropolitan France is divided into 22 regions (including the "territorial collectivity" of Corse or Corsica) and is subdivided into 96 departments; see separate entries for the overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion) and the overseas territorial collectivities (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
French Guiana none (overseas department of France)
French Polynesia none (overseas lands of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 5 archipelagic divisions named Archipel des Marquises, Archipel des Tuamotu, Archipel des Tubuai, Iles du Vent, and Iles Sous-le-Vent note: Clipperton Island is administered by France from French Polynesia
French Southern and Antarctic Lands none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Gabon 9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem
Gambia, The 5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western
Georgia 9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 9 cities (k'alak'ebi, singular - k'alak'i), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika) regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli cities: Chiat'ura, Gori, K'ut'aisi, P'ot'i, Rust'avi, T'bilisi, Tqibuli, Tsqaltubo, Zugdidi autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi) note: the administrative centers of the 2 autonomous republics are shown in parentheses
Germany 13 states (Laender, singular - Land) and 3 free states* (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern*, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen*, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen*
Ghana 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western
Gibraltar none (overseas territory of the UK)
Greece 51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos) and 1 autonomous region*; Agion Oros* (Mt. Athos), Achaia, Aitolia kai Akarmania, Argolis, Arkadia, Arta, Attiki, Chalkidiki, Chanion, Chios, Dodekanisos, Drama, Evros, Evrytania, Evvoia, Florina, Fokidos, Fthiotis, Grevena, Ileia, Imathia, Ioannina, Irakleion, Karditsa, Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkyra, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Kyklades, Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi, Lefkas, Lesvos, Magnisia, Messinia, Pella, Pieria, Preveza, Rethynnis, Rodopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki, Trikala, Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakynthos
Greenland 3 districts (landsdele); Avannaa (Nordgronland), Tunu (Ostgronland), Kitaa (Vestgronland) note: there are 18 municipalities in Greenland
Grenada 6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petit Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick
Guadeloupe none (overseas department of France)
Guam none (territory of the US)
Guatemala 22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa
Guernsey none (British crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 10 parishes including Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson, Vale, Castel, Saint Saviour, Saint Pierre du Bois, Torteval, Forest, Saint Martin, Saint Andrew
Guinea 33 prefectures and 1 special zone (zone special)*; Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry*, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Dubreka, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou
Guinea-Bissau 9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali; note - Bolama may have been renamed Bolama/Bijagos
Guyana 10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo
Haiti 9 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand 'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est
Holy See (Vatican City) none
Honduras 18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro
Hong Kong none (special administrative region of China)
Hungary 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 20 urban counties (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros) counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala urban counties: Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg capital city: Budapest
Iceland 8 regions; Austurland, Hofudhborgarsvaedhi, Nordhurland Eystra, Nordhurland Vestra, Sudhurland, Sudhurnes, Vestfirdhir, Vesturland
India 28 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Indonesia 30 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Irian Jaya Barat, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, Riau, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta*; note - with the implementation of decentralization on 1 January 2001, the 357 districts or regencies became the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services
Iran 30 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan-e Janubi, Khorasan-e Razavi, Khorasan-e Shemali, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Buyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan
Iraq 18 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'mim, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit
Ireland 26 counties; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow note: Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan are part of Ulster Province
Israel 6 districts (mehozot, singular - mehoz); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv
Italy 16 regions (regioni, singular - regione) and 4 autonomous regions* (regioni autonome, singular - regione autonoma); Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia*, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sardegna*, Sicilia, Toscana, Trentino-Alto Adige*, Umbria, Valle d'Aosta*, Veneto
Jamaica 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland note: for local government purposes, Kingston and Saint Andrew were amalgamated in 1923 into the present single corporate body known as the Kingston and Saint Andrew Corporation
Japan 47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gumma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi
Jersey none (British crown dependency)
Jordan 12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba
Kazakhstan 14 provinces (oblystar, singular - oblys) and 3 cities* (qala, singular - qalasy); Almaty Oblysy, Almaty Qalasy*, Aqmola Oblysy (Astana), Aqtobe Oblysy, Astana Qalasy*, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oral), Bayqongyr Qalasy*, Mangghystau Oblysy (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Shymkent), Pavlodar Oblysy, Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavlovsk), Zhambyl Oblysy (Taraz) note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); in 1995, the Governments of Kazakhstan and Russia entered into an agreement whereby Russia would lease for a period of 20 years an area of 6,000 sq km enclosing the Baykonur space launch facilities and the city of Bayqongyr (Baykonur, formerly Leninsk); in 2004, a new agreement extended the lease to 2050
Kenya 7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western
Kiribati 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)
Korea, North 9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities (si, singular and plural) provinces: Chagang-do (Chagang), Hamgyong-bukto (North Hamgyong), Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong), Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae), Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae), Kangwon-do (Kangwon), P'yongan-bukto (North P'yongan), P'yongan-namdo (South P'yongan), Yanggang-do (Yanggang) municipalites: Kaesong-si (Kaesong), Najin Sonbong-si (Najin), Namp'o-si (Namp'o), P'yongyang-si (Pyongyang)
Korea, South 9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 7 metropolitan cities (gwangyoksi, singular and plural) provinces: Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto (North Cholla), Cholla-namdo (South Cholla), Ch'ungch'ong-bukto (North Ch'ungch'ong), Ch'ungch'ong-namdo (South Ch'ungch'ong), Kangwon-do, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto (North Kyongsang), Kyongsang-namdo (South Kyongsang) metropolitan cities: Inch'on-gwangyoksi (Inch'on), Kwangju-gwangyoksi (Kwangju), Pusan-gwangyoksi (Pusan), Soul-t'ukpyolsi (Seoul), Taegu-gwangyoksi (Taegu), Taejon-gwangyoksi (Taejon), Ulsan-gwangyoksi (Ulsan)
Kuwait 5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Ahmadi, Al Farwaniyah, Al 'Asimah, Al Jahra', Hawalli
Kyrgyzstan 7 provinces (oblastlar, singular - oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol) note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Laos 16 provinces (khoueng, singular and plural), 1 municipality* (kampheng nakhon, singular and plural), and 1 special zone** (khetphiset, singular and plural); Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphrabang, Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan (Vientiane)*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xaisomboun**, Xekong, Xiangkhoang
Latvia 26 counties (singular - rajons) and 7 municipalities*: Aizkraukles Rajons, Aluksnes Rajons, Balvu Rajons, Bauskas Rajons, Cesu Rajons, Daugavpils*, Daugavpils Rajons, Dobeles Rajons, Gulbenes Rajons, Jekabpils Rajons, Jelgava*, Jelgavas Rajons, Jurmala*, Kraslavas Rajons, Kuldigas Rajons, Liepaja*, Liepajas Rajons, Limbazu Rajons, Ludzas Rajons, Madonas Rajons, Ogres Rajons, Preilu Rajons, Rezekne*, Rezeknes Rajons, Riga*, Rigas Rajons, Saldus Rajons, Talsu Rajons, Tukuma Rajons, Valkas Rajons, Valmieras Rajons, Ventspils*, Ventspils Rajons
Lebanon 6 governorates (mohafazat, singular - mohafazah); Beyrouth, Beqaa, Liban-Nord, Liban-Sud, Mont-Liban, Nabatiye
Lesotho 10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka
Liberia 15 counties; Bomi, Bong, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, Sinoe
Libya 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Liechtenstein 11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz
Lithuania 10 counties (apskritys, singular - apskritis); Alytaus, Kauno, Klaipedos, Marijampoles, Panevezio, Siauliu, Taurages, Telsiu, Utenos, Vilniaus
Luxembourg 3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg
Macau none (special administrative region of China)
Macedonia 85 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aerodrom (Skopje), Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Butel (Skopje), Cair (Skopje), Caska, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer-Sandevo, Debar, Debartsa, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Drugovo, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gjorce Petrov (Skopje), Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rastusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Saraj (Skopje), Skopje, Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci note: the ten municipalities followed by Skopje in parentheses collectively constitute "greater Skopje"
Madagascar 6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara
Malawi 27 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba
Malaysia 13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri) Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, and Terengganu; and one federal territory (wilayah persekutuan) with three components, city of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya
Maldives 19 atolls (atholhu, singular and plural) and 1 other first-order administrative division*; Alifu, Baa, Dhaalu, Faafu, Gaafu Alifu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Lhaviyani, Maale*, Meemu, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu
Mali 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou
Malta none (administered directly from Valletta); note - Local Councils carry out administrative orders
Man, Isle of none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 24 local authorities each with its own elections
Marshall Islands 33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje
Martinique none (overseas department of France)
Mauritania 12 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 capital district*; Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh Ech Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott*, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza
Mauritius 9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne
Mayotte none (territorial collectivity of France)
Mexico 31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas
Micronesia, Federated States of 4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap
Moldova 32 raions (raioane, singular - raionul), 3 municipalities (municipiul), 1 autonomous territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala autonoma), and 1 territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala) counties: Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan-Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni municipalities: Balti, Bender, Chisinau autonomous territorial unit: Gagauzia territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului
Monaco none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Mongolia 21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Govi-Altay, Govi-Sumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
Montserrat 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter
Morocco 14 regions: Grand Casablanca, Chaouia-Ouardigha, Doukkala-Abda, Fes-Boulemane, Gharb-Chrarda-Beni Hssen, Guelmim-Es Smara, Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, Meknes-Tafilalet, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer, Souss-Massa-Draa, Tadla-Azilal, Tanger-Tetouan, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate note: Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara, the political status of which is considered undetermined by the United States Government; one additional region, Oued Eddahab-Lagouira, falls entirely within Western Sahara; another region, Laayoune-Boujdour-Sahia El Hamra, falls mostly within Western Sahara; a small portion of this region, in the southwestern part of the country, falls within Moroccan-administered territory as recognized by the United States; the province of Guelmim-Es Smara lies in both entities
Mozambique 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
Namibia 13 regions; Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa
Nauru 14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Nepal 14 zones (anchal, singular and plural); Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti
Netherlands 12 provinces (provincies, singular - provincie); Drenthe, Flevoland, Friesland (Fryslan), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Noord-Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland, Zuid-Holland
Netherlands Antilles none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) note: each island has its own government
New Caledonia none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud
New Zealand 16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast
Nicaragua 15 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 2 autonomous regions* (regiones autonomistas, singular - region autonomista); Atlantico Norte*, Atlantico Sur*, Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas
Niger 8 regions (regions, singular - region) includes 1 capital district* (commune urbaine); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder
Nigeria 36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
Niue none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order
Norfolk Island none (territory of Australia)
Northern Mariana Islands none (commonwealth in political union with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four municipalities at the second order: Northern Islands, Rota, Saipan, Tinian
Norway 19 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold
Oman 5 regions (manaatiq, singular - mintaqat) and 3 governorates* (muhaafazaat, singular - muhaafaza) Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Batinah, Al Wusta, Ash Sharqiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat*, Musandam*, Zufar*
Pakistan 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
Palau 16 states; Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Hatohobei, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngarchelong, Ngardmau, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngeremlengui, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsorol
Panama 9 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 territory* (comarca); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los Santos, Panama, San Blas*(Kuna Yala), and Veraguas
Papua New Guinea 20 provinces; Bougainville, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain
Paraguay 17 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital city*; Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Asuncion*, Boqueron, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro
Peru 25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali
Philippines 79 provinces and 116 chartered cities provinces: Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora, Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Compostela, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Eastern Samar, Guimaras, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, La Union, Leyte, Maguindanao, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain Province, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar, Sarangani, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Tawi-Tawi, Zambales, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay chartered cities: Alaminos, Angeles, Antipolo, Bacolod, Bago, Baguio, Bais, Balanga, Batangas, Bayawan, Bislig, Butuan, Cabanatuan, Cadiz, Cagayan de Oro, Calamba, Calapan, Calbayog, Candon, Canlaon, Cauayan, Cavite, Cebu, Cotabato, Dagupan, Danao, Dapitan, Davao, Digos, Dipolog, Dumaguete, Escalante, Gapan, General Santos, Gingoog, Himamaylan, Iligan, Iloilo, Isabela, Iriga, Kabankalan, Kalookan, Kidapawan, Koronadal, La Carlota, Laoag, Lapu-Lapu, Las Pinas, Legazpi, Ligao, Lipa, Lucena, Maasin, Makati, Malabon, Malaybalay, Malolos, Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila, Marawi, Markina, Masbate, Muntinlupa, Munoz, Naga, Olongapo, Ormoc, Oroquieta, Ozamis, Pagadian, Palayan, Panabo, Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Passi, Puerto Princesa, Quezon, Roxas, Sagay, Samal, San Carlos (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos (in Pangasinan), San Fernando (in La Union), San Fernando (in Pampanga), San Jose, San Jose del Monte, San Pablo, Santa Rosa, Santiago, Silay, Sipalay, Sorsogon, Surigao, Tabaco, Tacloban, Tacurong, Tagaytay, Tagbilaran, Tagum, Talisay (in Cebu), Talisay (in Negros Oriental), Tanauan, Tangub, Tanjay, Tarlac, Toledo, Tuguegarao, Trece Martires, Urdaneta, Valencia, Valenzuela, Victorias, Vigan, Zamboanga
Pitcairn Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Poland 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Lodzkie, Lubelskie, Lubuskie, Malopolskie, Mazowieckie, Opolskie, Podkarpackie, Podlaskie, Pomorskie, Slaskie, Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie, Wielkopolskie, Zachodniopomorskie
Portugal 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
Puerto Rico none (commonwealth associated with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 78 municipalities (municipios, singular - municipio) at the second order; Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Anasco, Arecibo, Arroyo, Barceloneta, Barranquitas, Bayamon, Cabo Rojo, Caguas, Camuy, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Cayey, Ceiba, Ciales, Cidra, Coamo, Comerio, Corozal, Culebra, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guanica, Guayama, Guayanilla, Guaynabo, Gurabo, Hatillo, Hormigueros, Humacao, Isabela, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Las Marias, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Maricao, Maunabo, Mayaguez, Moca, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Orocovis, Patillas, Penuelas, Ponce, Quebradillas, Rincon, Rio Grande, Sabana Grande, Salinas, San German, San Juan, San Lorenzo, San Sebastian, Santa Isabel, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Utuado, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Vieques, Villalba, Yabucoa, Yauco
Qatar 10 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Sa'id, Umm Salal
Reunion none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Romania 41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea
Russia 49 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast), 21 republics (respublik, singular - respublika), 10 autonomous okrugs (avtonomnykh okrugov, singular - avtonomnyy okrug), 6 krays (krayev, singular - kray), 2 federal cities (singular - gorod), and 1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast') oblasts: Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Perm', Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan', Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver', Tyumen', Ul'yanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl' republics: Adygeya (Maykop), Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude), Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashiya (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala), Ingushetiya (Magas), Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik), Kalmykiya (Elista), Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk), Kareliya (Petrozavodsk), Khakasiya (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordoviya (Saransk), Sakha [Yakutiya] (Yakutsk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Tatarstan (Kazan'), Tyva (Kyzyl), Udmurtiya (Izhevsk) autonomous okrugs: Aga Buryat (Aginskoye), Chukotka (Anadyr'), Evenk (Tura), Khanty-Mansi, Komi-Permyak (Kudymkar), Koryak (Palana), Nenets (Nar'yan-Mar), Taymyr [Dolgano-Nenets] (Dudinka), Ust'-Orda Buryat (Ust'-Ordynskiy), Yamalo-Nenets (Salekhard) krays: Altay (Barnaul), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Primorskiy (Vladivostok), Stavropol' federal cities: Moscow (Moskva), Saint Petersburg (Sankt-Peterburg) autonomous oblast: Yevrey [Jewish] (Birobidzhan) note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Rwanda 12 provinces (in French - provinces, singular - province; in Kinyarwanda - prefigintara for singular and plural); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali Rurale, Kigali-ville, Umutara, Ruhengeri
Saint Helena 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Saint Kitts and Nevis 14 parishes; Christ Church Nichola Town, Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint George Gingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capesterre, Saint John Figtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capesterre, Saint Paul Charlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point
Saint Lucia 11 quarters; Anse-la-Raye, Castries, Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort
Saint Pierre and Miquelon none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick
Samoa 11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano
San Marino 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Sao Tome and Principe 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995
Saudi Arabia 13 provinces (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah); Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah, Al Jawf, Al Madinah, Al Qasim, Ar Riyad, Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern Province), 'Asir, Ha'il, Jizan, Makkah, Najran, Tabuk
Senegal 11 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
Serbia and Montenegro 2 republics (republike, singular - republika); and 2 nominally autonomous provinces* (autonomn pokrajine, singular - autonomna pokrajina); Kosovo* (temporarily under UN administration, per UN Security Council Resolution 1244), Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Seychelles 23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe), Grand' Anse (on Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka
Sierra Leone 3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western*
Singapore none
Slovakia 8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banskobystricky, Bratislavsky, Kosicky, Nitriansky, Presovsky, Trenciansky, Trnavsky, Zilinsky
Slovenia 182 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities* (mestne obcine , singular - mestna obcina ) Ajdovscina, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Celje*, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Horjul-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik-Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos-Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola-Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Koper-Capodistria*, Kostel, Kozje, Kranj*, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava-Lendva, Litija, Ljubljana*, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Maribor*, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Murska Sobota*, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Nova Gorica*, Novo Mesto*, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran-Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Ptuj*, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogasovci, Rogaska Slatina, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenj Gradec*, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Starse, Store, Sveta Ana, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velenje*, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zuzemberk, Zrece note: there may be 45 more municipalities
Solomon Islands 9 provinces and 1 capital territory*; Central, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira, Malaita, Rennell and Bellona, Temotu, Western
Somalia 18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe, Jubbada Hoose, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe, Shabeellaha Hoose, Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed
South Africa 9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North-West, Northern Cape, Western Cape
Spain 17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma)and 2 autonomous cities* (ciudades autonomas, singular - ciudad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Baleares (Balearic Islands), Ceuta*, Canarias (Canary Islands), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Comunidad Valenciana, Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Melilla*, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco (Basque Country) note: the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla plus three small islands of Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, administered directly by the Spanish central government, are all located off the coast of Morocco and are collectively referred to as Places of Sovereignty (Plazas de Soberania)
Sri Lanka 8 provinces; Central, North Central, North Eastern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western; note - North Eastern province may have been divided in two - Northern and Eastern
Sudan 26 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil (Upper Nile), Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrat (Lakes), Al Jazirah (El Gezira), Al Khartum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), Al Wahdah (Unity), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shamaliyah (Northern), Bahr al Jabal (Bahr al Jabal), Gharb al Istiwa'iyah (Western Equatoria), Gharb Bahr al Ghazal (Western Bahr al Ghazal), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Gharb Kurdufan (Western Kordofan), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Junqali (Jonglei), Kassala (Kassala), Nahr an Nil (Nile), Shamal Bahr al Ghazal (Northern Bahr al Ghazal), Shamal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shamal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sharq al Istiwa'iyah (Eastern Equatoria), Sinnar (Sinnar), Warab (Warab)
Suriname 10 districts (distrikten, singular - distrikt); Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica
Swaziland 4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni
Sweden 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands
Switzerland 26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; kantone, singular - kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausser-Rhoden, Appenzell Inner-Rhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Geneve, Glarus, Graubunden, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zurich
Syria 14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah, Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims, Idlib, Rif Dimashq, Tartus
Taiwan includes central island of Taiwan plus numerous smaller islands near central island and off coast of China's Fujian Province; Taiwan is divided into 18 counties (hsien, singular and plural), 5 municipalities (shih, singular and plural), and 2 special municipalities (chuan-shih, singular and plural) counties: Chang-hua, Chia-i, Hsin-chu, Hua-lien, I-lan, Kao-hsiung county, Kin-men, Lien-chiang, Miao-li, Nan-t'ou, P'eng-hu, P'ing-tung, T'ai-chung, T'ai-nan, T'ai-pei county, T'ai-tung, T'ao-yuan, and Yun-lin municipalities: Chia-i, Chi-lung, Hsin-chu, T'ai-chung, T'ai-nan special municipalities: Kao-hsiung city, T'ai-pei city note: Taiwan generally uses Wade-Giles system for romanization; special municipality of Taipei adopted standard pinyin romanization for street and place names within city boundaries, other local authorities have selected a variety of romanization systems
Tajikistan 2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* [Gorno-Badakhshan] (Khorugh), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand) note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses
Tanzania 26 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West
Thailand 76 provinces (changwat, singular and plural); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon
Togo 5 regions (regions, singular - region); Kara, Plateaux, Savanes, Centrale, Maritime
Tokelau none (territory of New Zealand)
Tonga 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Trinidad and Tobago 9 regional corporations, 2 city corporations, 3 borough corporations, and 1 ward regional corporations: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco city corporations: Port-of-Spain, San Fernando; borough corporations: Arima, Point Fortin, Chaguanas ward: Tobago
Tunisia 24 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
Turkey 81 provinces (iller, singular - il); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak
Turkmenistan 5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Turks and Caicos Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Tuvalu none
Uganda 56 districts; Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Bugiri, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Kyenjojo, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakasongola, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe
Ukraine 24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k, Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kiev (Kyyiv)**, Kyyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
United Arab Emirates 7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn
United Kingdom England - 47 boroughs, 36 counties, 29 London boroughs, 12 cities and boroughs, 10 districts, 12 cities, 3 royal boroughs boroughs: Barnsley, Blackburn with Darwen, Blackpool, Bolton, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, Bury, Calderdale, Darlington, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Halton, Hartlepool, Kirklees, Knowsley, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, North Tyneside, Oldham, Poole, Reading, Redcar and Cleveland, Rochdale, Rotherham, Sandwell, Sefton, Slough, Solihull, Southend-on-Sea, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees, Swindon, Tameside, Thurrock, Torbay, Trafford, Walsall, Warrington, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton counties: Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, Northumberland, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Wiltshire, Worcestershire London boroughs: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth cities and boroughs: Birmingham, Bradford, Coventry, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Salford, Sheffield, Sunderland, Wakefield, Westminster districts: Bath and North East Somerset, East Riding of Yorkshire, North East Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire, North Somerset, Rutland, South Gloucestershire, Telford and Wrekin, West Berkshire, Wokingham cities: City of Bristol, Derby, City of Kingston upon Hull, Leicester, City of London, Nottingham, Peterborough, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Southampton, Stoke-on-Trent, York royal boroughs: Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Windsor and Maidenhead Northern Ireland - 24 districts, 2 cities, 6 counties districts: Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down, Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Magherafelt, Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane cities: Belfast, Derry counties: County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Londonderry, County Tyrone Scotland - 32 council areas: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, The Scottish Borders, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, West Dunbartonshire, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), West Lothian; Wales - 11 county boroughs, 9 counties, 2 cities and counties county boroughs: Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Conwy, Gwynedd, Merthyr Tydfil, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Torfaen, Wrexham counties: Isle of Anglesey, Ceredigion, Carmarthenshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Monmouthshire, Pembrokeshire, Powys, The Vale of Glamorgan cities and counties: Cardiff, Swansea
United States 50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
Uruguay 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres
Uzbekistan 12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublika), and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati, Farg'ona Viloyati, Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qaraqalpog'iston Respublikasi* (Nukus), Samarqand Viloyati, Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Viloyati, Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch) note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Vanuatu 6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba
Venezuela 23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 federal district* (distrito federal), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales**, Distrito Federal*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia note: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands
Vietnam 59 provinces (tinh, singular and plural) and 5 municipalities (thu do, singular and plural) provinces: An Giang, Bac Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Cao Bang, Dac Lak, Dac Nong, Dien Bien, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Hai Duong, Ha Nam, Ha Tay, Ha Tinh, Hau Giang, Hoa Binh, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai municipalities: Can Tho, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh
Virgin Islands none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three islands at the second order; Saint Croix, Saint John, Saint Thomas
Wallis and Futuna none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three kingdoms at the second order named Alo, Sigave, Wallis
Western Sahara none (under de facto control of Morocco)
World 271 nations, dependent areas, and other entities
Yemen 19 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Abyan, 'Adan, Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, 'Amran, Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Sa'dah, San'a', Shabwah, Ta'izz note: for electoral and administrative purposes, the capital city of Sanaa is treated as an additional governorate
Zambia 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Zimbabwe 8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2052 Agriculture - products
Afghanistan opium, wheat, fruits, nuts, wool, mutton, sheepskins, lambskins
Albania wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, sugar beets, grapes; meat, dairy products
Algeria wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle
American Samoa bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock
Andorra small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep
Angola bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish
Anguilla small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising
Antigua and Barbuda cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock
Argentina sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock
Armenia fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock
Aruba aloes; livestock; fish
Australia wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry
Austria grains, potatoes, sugar beets, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber
Azerbaijan cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats
Bahamas, The citrus, vegetables; poultry
Bahrain fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish
Bangladesh rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry
Barbados sugarcane, vegetables, cotton
Belarus grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax; beef, milk
Belgium sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; beef, veal, pork, milk
Belize bananas, coca, citrus, sugar; fish, cultured shrimp; lumber; garments
Benin cotton, corn, cassava (tapioca), yams, beans, palm oil, peanuts, livestock (2001)
Bermuda bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Bhutan rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs
Bolivia soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber
Bosnia and Herzegovina wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock
Botswana livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts
Brazil coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef
British Virgin Islands fruits, vegetables; livestock, poultry; fish
Brunei rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Bulgaria vegetables, fruits, tobacco, livestock, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets
Burkina Faso cotton, peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock
Burma rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts, sugarcane; hardwood; fish and fish products
Burundi coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides
Cambodia rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca
Cameroon coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber
Canada wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish
Cape Verde bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish
Cayman Islands vegetables, fruit; livestock, turtle farming
Central African Republic cotton, coffee, tobacco, manioc (tapioca), yams, millet, corn, bananas; timber
Chad cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels
Chile grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans, beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber
China rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed, pork, fish
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands vegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts
Colombia coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp
Comoros vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber, tea, quinine, cassava (tapioca), palm oil, bananas, root crops, corn, fruits; wood products
Congo, Republic of the cassava (tapioca), sugar, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa; forest products
Cook Islands copra, citrus, pineapples, tomatoes, beans, pawpaws, bananas, yams, taro, coffee; pigs, poultry
Costa Rica coffee, pineapples, bananas, sugar, corn, rice, beans, potatoes; beef; timber
Cote d'Ivoire coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, manioc (tapioca), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber
Croatia wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, barley, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soybeans, potatoes; livestock, dairy products
Cuba sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock
Cyprus citrus, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, vegetables, poultry, pork, lamb, kids, dairy, cheese
Czech Republic wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry
Denmark barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish
Djibouti fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides
Dominica bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts, cocoa; forest and fishery potential not exploited
Dominican Republic sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs
East Timor coffee, rice, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas, vanilla
Ecuador bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp
Egypt cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats
El Salvador coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products
Equatorial Guinea coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava (tapioca), bananas, palm oil nuts; livestock; timber
Eritrea sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton, tobacco, coffee, sisal; livestock, goats; fish
Estonia potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish
Ethiopia cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugarcane, potatoes, qat; hides, cattle, sheep, goats
European Union wheat, barley, oilseeds, sugar beets, wine, grapes, dairy products, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, fish
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Faroe Islands milk, potatoes, vegetables; sheep; salmon, other fish
Fiji sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish
Finland barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish
France wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; beef, dairy products; fish
French Guiana corn, rice, manioc (tapioca), sugar, cocoa, vegetables, bananas; cattle, pigs, poultry
French Polynesia coconuts, vanilla, vegetables, fruits; poultry, beef, dairy products, coffee
Gabon cocoa, coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber; cattle; okoume (a tropical softwood); fish
Gambia, The rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats
Gaza Strip olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products
Georgia citrus, grapes, tea, hazelnuts, vegetables; livestock
Germany potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry
Ghana cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber
Gibraltar none
Greece wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; beef, dairy products
Greenland forage crops, garden and greenhouse vegetables; sheep, reindeer; fish
Grenada bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, mace, citrus, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, vegetables
Guadeloupe bananas, sugarcane, tropical fruits and vegetables; cattle, pigs, goats
Guam fruits, copra, vegetables; eggs, pork, poultry, beef
Guatemala sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens
Guernsey tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit; Guernsey cattle
Guinea rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava (tapioca), bananas, sweet potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber
Guinea-Bissau rice, corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; timber; fish
Guyana sugarcane, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish, shrimp
Haiti coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum, wood
Honduras bananas, coffee, citrus; beef; timber; shrimp
Hong Kong fresh vegetables, poultry, fish, pork
Hungary wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products
Iceland potatoes, green vegetables, mutton, dairy products, fish
India rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish
Indonesia rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, poultry, beef, pork, eggs
Iran wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar
Iraq wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry
Ireland turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; beef, dairy products
Israel citrus, vegetables, cotton; beef, poultry, dairy products
Italy fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; beef, dairy products; fish
Jamaica sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, vegetables, poultry, goats, milk, crustaceans, and mollusks
Japan rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit, pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs, fish
Jersey potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products
Jordan wheat, barley, citrus, tomatoes, melons, olives; sheep, goats, poultry
Kazakhstan grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock
Kenya tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs
Kiribati copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish
Korea, North rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs
Korea, South rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish
Kuwait practically no crops; fish
Kyrgyzstan tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool
Laos sweet potatoes, vegetables, corn, coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, tea, peanuts, rice, water buffalo, pigs, cattle, poultry
Latvia grain, sugar beets, potatoes, vegetables; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish
Lebanon citrus, grapes, tomatoes, apples, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco; sheep, goats
Lesotho corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock
Liberia rubber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), palm oil, sugarcane, bananas; sheep, goats; timber
Libya wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Liechtenstein wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products
Lithuania grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs; fish
Luxembourg barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; livestock products
Macau only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important, some of catch is exported to Hong Kong; most food requirements are met by imports, primarily from China
Macedonia wheat, grapes, rice, tobacco, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton
Madagascar coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products
Malawi tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; groundnuts, Macadamia nuts; cattle, goats
Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia - rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice; Sabah - subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconuts, rice; Sarawak - rubber, pepper, timber
Maldives coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish
Mali cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
Malta potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers; pork, milk, poultry, eggs
Man, Isle of cereals, vegetables; cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry
Marshall Islands coconuts, tomatoes, melons, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens
Martinique pineapples, avocados, bananas, flowers, vegetables, sugarcane
Mauritania dates, millet, sorghum, rice, corn, dates; cattle, sheep
Mauritius sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Mayotte vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), coffee, copra
Mexico corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products
Micronesia, Federated States of black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens
Moldova vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk
Monaco none
Mongolia wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops, sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses
Montserrat cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers, livestock products
Morocco barley, wheat, citrus, wine, vegetables, olives; livestock
Mozambique cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry
Namibia millet, sorghum, peanuts; livestock; fish
Nauru coconuts
Nepal rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat
Netherlands grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; livestock
Netherlands Antilles aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit
New Caledonia vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products
New Zealand wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, lamb and mutton, dairy products; fish
Nicaragua coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton, rice, corn, tobacco, sesame, soya, beans; beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products
Niger cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
Nigeria cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish
Niue coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry
Northern Mariana Islands coconuts, fruits, vegetables; cattle
Norway barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish
Oman dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; fish
Pakistan cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs
Palau coconuts, copra, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes
Panama bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane, vegetables; livestock; shrimp
Papua New Guinea coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, poultry, pork
Paraguay cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), fruits, vegetables; beef, pork, eggs, milk; timber
Peru coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish
Philippines sugarcane, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas, casavas, pineapples, fish, mangoes, pork, eggs, beef
Pitcairn Islands wide variety of fruits and vegetables, goats, chickens
Poland potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork
Portugal grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products
Puerto Rico sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas, livestock products, chickens
Qatar fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish
Reunion sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Romania wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep
Russia grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk
Rwanda coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock
Saint Helena corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)
Saint Kitts and Nevis sugarcane, rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fish
Saint Lucia bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa
Saint Pierre and Miquelon vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices, small numbers of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, fish
Samoa coconuts, bananas, taro, yams, coffee, cocoa
San Marino wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Sao Tome and Principe cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish
Saudi Arabia wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus; mutton, chickens, eggs, milk
Senegal peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
Serbia and Montenegro cereals, fruits, vegetables, tobacco, olives; cattle, sheep, goats
Seychelles coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), bananas; broiler chickens; tuna fish
Sierra Leone rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Singapore rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables, poultry, eggs, fish, ornamental fish
Slovakia grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products
Slovenia potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry
Solomon Islands cocoa beans, coconuts, palm kernels, rice, potatoes, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs; timber; fish
Somalia cattle, sheep, goats; bananas, sorghum, corn, coconuts, rice, sugarcane, mangoes, sesame seeds, beans; fish
South Africa corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; beef, poultry, mutton, wool, dairy products
Spain grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish
Sri Lanka rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef
Sudan cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock
Suriname paddy rice, bananas, palm kernels, coconuts, plantains, peanuts; beef, chickens; forest products; shrimp
Swaziland sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep
Sweden barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk
Switzerland grains, fruits, vegetables; meat, eggs
Syria wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk
Taiwan rice, corn, vegetables, fruit, tea; pigs, poultry, beef, milk; fish
Tajikistan cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Tanzania coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Thailand rice, cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans
Togo coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Tokelau coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats
Tonga squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Trinidad and Tobago cocoa, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry
Tunisia olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds
Turkey tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus; livestock
Turkmenistan cotton, grain; livestock
Turks and Caicos Islands corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish
Tuvalu coconuts; fish
Uganda coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry, cut flowers
Ukraine grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk
United Arab Emirates dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish
United Kingdom cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish
United States wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; forest products; fish
Uruguay rice, wheat, corn, barley; livestock; fish
Uzbekistan cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock
Vanuatu copra, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro, yams, coconuts, fruits, vegetables; fish, beef
Venezuela corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish
Vietnam paddy rice, coffee, fish and seafood, rubber, cotton, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas, poultry
Virgin Islands fruit, vegetables, sorghum; Senepol cattle
Wallis and Futuna breadfruit, yams, taro, bananas; pigs, goats
West Bank olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products
Western Sahara fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads)
Yemen grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat (mildly narcotic shrub), coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish
Zambia corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca); cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides; coffee
Zimbabwe corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2053 Airports
Afghanistan 47 (2004 est.)
Albania 11 (2004 est.)
Algeria 137 (2004 est.)
American Samoa 3 (2004 est.)
Andorra none (2004 est.)
Angola 243 (2004 est.)
Anguilla 3 (2004 est.)
Antarctica there are no developed public access airports or landing facilities; 30 stations, operated by 16 national governments party to the Antarctic Treaty, have restricted aircraft landing facilities for either helicopters or fixed-wing aircraft; commercial enterprises operate two additional aircraft landing facilities; helicopter pads are available at 27 stations; runways at 15 locations are gravel, sea-ice, blue-ice, or compacted snow suitable for landing wheeled, fixed-wing aircraft; of these, one is greater than 3 km in length, six are between 2 km and 3 km in length, three are between 1 km and 2 km in length, three are less than 1 km in length, and two are of unknown length; snow surface skiways, limited to use by ski-equipped, fixed-wing aircraft, are available at another 15 locations; of these, four are greater than 3 km in length, three are between 2 km and 3 km in length, two are between 1 km and 2 km in length, two are less than 1 km in length, and four are of unknown length; aircraft landing facilities generally subject to severe restrictions and limitations resulting from extreme seasonal and geographic conditions; aircraft landing facilities do not meet ICAO standards; advance approval from the respective governmental or nongovernmental operating organization required for using their facilities; landed aircraft are subject to inspection in accordance with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty; guidelines for the operation of aircraft near concentrations of birds in Antarctica were adopted in 2004; relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by states party to the Antarctic Treaty regulating access to the Antarctic Treaty area, that is to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees of latitude South, have to be complied with (see information under "Legal System"); an Antarctic Flight Information Manual (AFIM) providing up-to-date details of Antarctic air facilities and procedures is maintained and published by the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 3 (2004 est.)
Argentina 1,334 (2004 est.)
Armenia 16 (2004 est.)
Aruba 1 (2004 est.)
Australia 448 (2004 est.)
Austria 55 (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan 50 (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The 63 (2004 est.)
Bahrain 4 (2004 est.)
Baker Island 1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m, completely covered with vegetation and unusable (2004 est.)
Bangladesh 16 (2004 est.)
Barbados 1 (2004 est.)
Belarus 133 (2004 est.)
Belgium 43 (2004 est.)
Belize 43 (2004 est.)
Benin 5 (2004 est.)
Bermuda 1 (2004 est.)
Bhutan 2 (2004 est.)
Bolivia 1,065 (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 (2004 est.)
Botswana 85 (2004 est.)
Brazil 4,136 (2004 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territory 1 (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands 3 (2004 est.)
Brunei 2 (2004 est.)
Bulgaria 213 (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso 33 (2004 est.)
Burma 78 (2004 est.)
Burundi 8 (2004 est.)
Cambodia 20 (2004 est.)
Cameroon 47 (2004 est.)
Canada 1,326 (2004 est.)
Cape Verde 7 note: 3 airports are reported to be nonoperational (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands 3 (2004 est.)
Central African Republic 50 (2004 est.)
Chad 50 (2004 est.)
Chile 364 (2004 est.)
China 472 (2004 est.)
Christmas Island 1 (2004 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1 (2004 est.)
Colombia 980 (2004 est.)
Comoros 4 (2004 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 230 (2004 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 32 (2004 est.)
Cook Islands 9 (2004 est.)
Costa Rica 149 (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 37 (2004 est.)
Croatia 68 (2004 est.)
Cuba 170 (2004 est.)
Cyprus 17 (2004 est.)
Czech Republic 120 (2004 est.)
Denmark 97 (2004 est.)
Djibouti 13 (2004 est.)
Dominica 2 (2004 est.)
Dominican Republic 31 (2004 est.)
East Timor 8 (2004 est.)
Ecuador 205 (2004 est.)
Egypt 87 (2004 est.)
El Salvador 73 (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 4 (2004 est.)
Eritrea 17 (2004 est.)
Estonia 29 (2004 est.)
Ethiopia 83 (2004 est.)
Europa Island 1 (2004 est.)
European Union 3,130 (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 5 (2004 est.)
Faroe Islands 1 (2004 est.)
Fiji 28 (2004 est.)
Finland 148 (2004 est.)
France 478 (2004 est.)
French Guiana 11 (2004 est.)
French Polynesia 50 (2004 est.)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands none (2004 est.)
Gabon 56 (2004 est.)
Gambia, The 1 (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip 2 (2001) note: includes Gaza International Airport (GIA), inaugurated on 24 November 1998 as part of agreements stipulated in the September 1995 Oslo II Accord and the 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum; GIA has been largely closed since October 2000 by Israeli orders and its runway was destroyed by the Israeli Defense Forces in December 2001 (2004 est.)
Georgia 30 (2004 est.)
Germany 550 (2004 est.)
Ghana 12 (2004 est.)
Gibraltar 1 (2004 est.)
Glorioso Islands 1 (2004 est.)
Greece 80 (2004 est.)
Greenland 14 (2004 est.)
Grenada 3 (2004 est.)
Guadeloupe 9 (2004 est.)
Guam 5 (2004 est.)
Guatemala 452 (2004 est.)
Guernsey 2 (2004 est.)
Guinea 16 (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 28 (2004 est.)
Guyana 49 (2004 est.)
Haiti 13 (2004 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) none (2004 est.)
Honduras 115 (2004 est.)
Hong Kong 4 (2004 est.)
Howland Island airstrip constructed in 1937 for scheduled refueling stop on the round-the-world flight of Amelia EARHART and Fred NOONAN - they left Lae, New Guinea, for Howland Island, but were never seen again; the airstrip is no longer serviceable (2004 est.)
Hungary 44 (2004 est.)
Iceland 98 (2004 est.)
India 333 (2004 est.)
Indonesia 667 (2004 est.)
Iran 305 (2004 est.)
Iraq 111; note - unknown number were damaged during the March-April 2003 war (2004 est.)
Ireland 36 (2004 est.)
Israel 51 (2004 est.)
Italy 134 (2004 est.)
Jamaica 35 (2004 est.)
Jan Mayen 1 (2004 est.)
Japan 174 (2004 est.)
Jersey 1 (2004 est.)
Johnston Atoll 1 (2004 est.)
Jordan 17 (2004 est.)
Juan de Nova Island 1 (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 314 (2004 est.)
Kenya 221 (2004 est.)
Kingman Reef lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoa by Pan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938 (2004 est.)
Kiribati 20 (2004 est.)
Korea, North 78 (2004 est.)
Korea, South 179 (2004 est.)
Kuwait 7 (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 52 (2004 est.)
Laos 44 (2004 est.)
Latvia 50 (2004 est.)
Lebanon 8 (2004 est.)
Lesotho 28 (2004 est.)
Liberia 53 (2004 est.)
Libya 139 (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein none (2004 est.)
Lithuania 102 (2004 est.)
Luxembourg 2 (2004 est.)
Macau 1 (2004 est.)
Macedonia 17 (2004 est.)
Madagascar 116 (2004 est.)
Malawi 42 (2004 est.)
Malaysia 117 (2004 est.)
Maldives 5 (2004 est.)
Mali 28 (2004 est.)
Malta 1 (2004 est.)
Man, Isle of 1 (2004 est.)
Marshall Islands 15 (2004 est.)
Martinique 2 (2004 est.)
Mauritania 24 (2004 est.)
Mauritius 6 (2004 est.)
Mayotte 1 (2004 est.)
Mexico 1,833 (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 6 (2004 est.)
Midway Islands 3 (2004 est.)
Moldova 23 (2004 est.)
Monaco none; linked to the airport at Nice, France by helicopter service (2004 est.)
Mongolia 46 (2004 est.)
Montserrat 1 (2004 est.)
Morocco 63 (2004 est.)
Mozambique 158 (2004 est.)
Namibia 136 (2004 est.)
Nauru 1 (2004 est.)
Nepal 46 (2004 est.)
Netherlands 27 (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 5 (2004 est.)
New Caledonia 25 (2004 est.)
New Zealand 116 (2004 est.)
Nicaragua 176 (2004 est.)
Niger 27 (2004 est.)
Nigeria 70 (2004 est.)
Niue 1 (2004 est.)
Norfolk Island 1 (2004 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands 5 (2004 est.)
Norway 101 (2004 est.)
Oman 136 (2004 est.)
Pakistan 131 (2004 est.)
Palau 3 (2004 est.)
Palmyra Atoll 1 (2004 est.)
Panama 105 (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea 571 (2004 est.)
Paracel Islands 1 (2004 est.)
Paraguay 878 (2004 est.)
Peru 234 (2004 est.)
Philippines 255 (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands none (2004 est.)
Poland 123 (2004 est.)
Portugal 65 (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico 30 (2004 est.)
Qatar 4 (2004 est.)
Reunion 2 (2004 est.)
Romania 61 (2004 est.)
Russia 2,586 (2004 est.)
Rwanda 9 (2004 est.)
Saint Helena 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2 (2004 est.)
Saint Lucia 2 (2004 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2 (2004 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6 (2004 est.)
Samoa 4 (2004 est.)
San Marino none (2004 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 2 (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia 201 (2004 est.)
Senegal 20 (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 44 (2004 est.)
Seychelles 15 (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone 10 (2004 est.)
Singapore 10 (2004 est.)
Slovakia 34 (2004 est.)
Slovenia 14 (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands 33 (2004 est.)
Somalia 60 (2004 est.)
South Africa 728 (2004 est.)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands none (2004 est.)
Spain 156 (2004 est.)
Spratly Islands 3 (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka 14 (2004 est.)
Sudan 75 (2004 est.)
Suriname 46 (2004 est.)
Svalbard 4 (2004 est.)
Swaziland 18 (2004 est.)
Sweden 254 (2004 est.)
Switzerland 65 (2004 est.)
Syria 92 (2004 est.)
Taiwan 40 (2004 est.)
Tajikistan 55 (2004 est.)
Tanzania 123 (2004 est.)
Thailand 109 (2004 est.)
Togo 9 (2004 est.)
Tokelau none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2004 est.)
Tonga 6 (2004 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 6 (2004 est.)
Tromelin Island 1 (2004 est.)
Tunisia 30 (2004 est.)
Turkey 119 (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan 53 (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 8 (2004 est.)
Tuvalu 1 (2004 est.)
Uganda 29 (2004 est.)
Ukraine 656 (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates 35 (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 471 (2004 est.)
United States 14,857 (2004 est.)
Uruguay 64 (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan 226 (2004 est.)
Vanuatu 30 (2004 est.)
Venezuela 369 (2004 est.)
Vietnam 24 (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands 2 (2004 est.)
Wake Island 1 (2004 est.)
Wallis and Futuna 2 (2004 est.)
West Bank 3 (2004 est.)
Western Sahara 11 (2004 est.)
World 49,973 (2004)
Yemen 44 (2004 est.)
Zambia 109 (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe 404 (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2054 Birth rate (births/1,000 population)
Afghanistan 47.02 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Albania 15.08 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Algeria 17.13 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
American Samoa 23.13 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Andorra 9 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Angola 44.64 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Anguilla 14.26 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 17.26 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Argentina 16.9 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Armenia 11.76 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Aruba 11.26 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Australia 12.26 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Austria 8.81 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan 20.4 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The 17.87 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bahrain 18.1 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bangladesh 30.01 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Barbados 12.83 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Belarus 10.83 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Belgium 10.48 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Belize 29.34 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Benin 41.99 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bermuda 11.6 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bhutan 34.03 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bolivia 23.76 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.49 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Botswana 23.33 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Brazil 16.83 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands 14.96 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Brunei 19.01 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bulgaria 9.66 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso 44.17 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Burma 18.11 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Burundi 39.66 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cambodia 27.08 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cameroon 34.67 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Canada 10.84 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cape Verde 25.33 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cayman Islands 12.92 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Central African Republic 35.17 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Chad 45.98 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Chile 15.44 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
China 13.14 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 20.82 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Comoros 37.52 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 44.38 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 27.88 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica 18.6 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 35.51 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Croatia 9.57 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cuba 12.03 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cyprus 12.57 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Czech Republic 9.07 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Denmark 11.36 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Djibouti 39.98 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Dominica 15.73 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic 23.28 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
East Timor 27.19 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ecuador 22.67 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Egypt 23.32 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
El Salvador 27.04 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 36.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Eritrea 38.62 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Estonia 9.91 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ethiopia 38.61 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
European Union 10 births/1,000 population (July 2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Faroe Islands 13.97 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Fiji 22.73 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Finland 10.5 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
France 12.15 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
French Guiana 20.7 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
French Polynesia 16.93 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gabon 36.24 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gambia, The 39.86 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip 40.03 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Georgia 10.25 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Germany 8.33 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ghana 23.97 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gibraltar 10.87 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Greece 9.72 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Greenland 15.93 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Grenada 22.3 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe 15.42 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guam 19.03 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guatemala 34.11 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guernsey 9.01 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guinea 42.03 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 37.65 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guyana 18.45 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Haiti 36.59 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Honduras 30.38 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Hong Kong 7.23 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Hungary 9.76 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iceland 13.73 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
India 22.32 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Indonesia 20.71 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iran 16.83 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iraq 32.5 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ireland 14.47 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Israel 18.21 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Italy 8.89 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jamaica 16.56 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Japan 9.47 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jersey 9.66 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jordan 21.76 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan 15.78 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kenya 40.13 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kiribati 30.86 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Korea, North 16.09 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Korea, South 10.08 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kuwait 21.88 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 22.48 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Laos 35.99 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Latvia 9.04 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lebanon 18.88 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lesotho 26.53 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Liberia 44.22 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Libya 26.82 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein 10.41 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lithuania 8.62 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Luxembourg 12.06 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Macau 8.04 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Macedonia 12 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Madagascar 41.66 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malawi 43.95 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malaysia 23.07 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Maldives 35.43 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mali 46.77 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malta 10.17 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of 11.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands 33.52 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Martinique 14.14 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mauritania 41.43 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mauritius 15.62 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mayotte 41.58 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mexico 21.01 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 25.11 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Moldova 15.27 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Monaco 9.26 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mongolia 21.52 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Montserrat 17.56 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Morocco 22.29 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mozambique 35.79 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Namibia 25.16 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nauru 25.14 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nepal 31.45 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Netherlands 11.14 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 15 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
New Caledonia 18.49 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
New Zealand 13.9 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nicaragua 24.88 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Niger 48.3 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nigeria 40.65 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Niue NA births/1,000 population
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands 19.51 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Norway 11.67 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Oman 36.73 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pakistan 30.42 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Palau 18.37 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Panama 19.96 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea 29.95 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Paraguay 29.43 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Peru 20.87 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Philippines 25.31 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 10.78 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Portugal 10.82 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico 13.93 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Qatar 15.54 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Reunion 19.26 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Romania 10.7 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Russia 9.8 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Rwanda 40.6 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Helena 12.33 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 18.12 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia 20.05 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 13.83 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16.34 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Samoa 15.95 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
San Marino 10.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 40.8 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia 29.56 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Senegal 35.21 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 12.12 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Seychelles 16.22 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone 42.84 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Singapore 9.49 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Slovakia 10.62 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Slovenia 8.95 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands 30.74 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Somalia 45.62 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
South Africa 18.48 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Spain 10.1 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka 15.63 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sudan 35.17 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Suriname 18.39 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Svalbard NA births/1,000 population
Swaziland 27.72 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sweden 10.36 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Switzerland 9.77 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Syria 28.29 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Taiwan 12.64 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tajikistan 32.58 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tanzania 38.16 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Thailand 15.7 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Togo 33.48 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga 25.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 12.81 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tunisia 15.5 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turkey 16.83 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan 27.68 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 22.23 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tuvalu 21.91 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uganda 47.39 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ukraine 10.49 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates 18.78 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United Kingdom 10.78 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United States 14.14 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uruguay 14.09 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan 26.22 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Vanuatu 23.06 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Venezuela 18.91 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Vietnam 17.07 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands 14.2 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA births/1,000 population
West Bank 32.37 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Western Sahara NA births/1,000 population
World 20.15 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Yemen 43.07 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Zambia 41.38 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe 29.74 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2055 Military branches
Afghanistan Afghan National Army (includes Afghan Air Force), Afghan Militia Force (AMF) (2005)
Albania General Staff Headquarters, Land Forces Command (Army), Naval Forces Command, Air Defense Command, Logistics Command, Training and Doctrine Command
Algeria People's National Army (ANP; includes Land Forces), Algerian National Navy (MRA), Air Force (QJJ), Territorial Air Defense Force (2005)
Andorra no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra
Angola Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MdG), Air and Air Defense Forces (FANA)
Antigua and Barbuda Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force: Infantry, Coast Guard (2004)
Argentina Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic (includes Naval Aviation and Marines), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA)
Armenia Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force
Aruba no regular indigenous military forces; Royal Dutch Navy and Marines, Coast Guard
Australia Australian Defense Force (ADF): Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force, Special Operations Command
Austria Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK)
Azerbaijan Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces
Bahamas, The Royal Bahamaian Defense Force (naval forces) (2004)
Bahrain Bahrain Defense Forces (BDF): Ground Force (includes Air Defense), Navy, Air Force, National Guard
Bangladesh Army, Navy, Air Force
Barbados Royal Barbados Defense Force: Troops Command and Coast Guard (2005)
Belarus Army, Air and Air Defense Force
Belgium Land, Naval, and Air Components (2005)
Belize Belize Defense Force (BDF): Army, Maritime Wing, Air Wing, and Volunteer Guard
Benin Army, Navy, Air Force
Bermuda Bermuda Regiment
Bhutan Royal Bhutan Army (includes Royal Bodyguard and Royal Bhutan Police) (2005)
Bolivia Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval; includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana) (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina VF Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army), VRS Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army)
Botswana Botswana Defense Force (includes an Air Wing)
Brazil Brazilian Army, Brazilian Navy (includes Naval Air and Marines), Brazilian Air Force (FAB)
Brunei Royal Brunei Armed Forces: Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force
Bulgaria Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces
Burkina Faso Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie (2005)
Burma Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw): Army, Navy, Air Force (2005)
Burundi National Defense Force (Forces de Defense Nationales, FDN): Army (includes Naval Detachment and Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2005)
Cambodia Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force
Cameroon Cameroon Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force
Canada Canadian Armed Forces: Land Forces Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Canada Command (homeland security) to be operational in early 2006 (2005)
Cape Verde People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP): Army, Coast Guard (includes maritime air wing)
Cayman Islands no regular military forces; Royal Cayman Islands Police Force
Central African Republic Central African Armed Forces (FACA): Ground Forces, Air Force; General Directorate of Gendarmerie Inspection (DGIG), Republican Guard (2004)
Chad Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale Tchadienne, ANT), Air Force, Gendarmerie (2004)
Chile Army of the Nation, National Navy (includes naval air, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps), Chilean Air Force, Chilean Carabineros (National Police)
China People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces, Navy (includes marines and naval aviation), Air Force (includes Airborne Forces), and II Artillery Corps (strategic missile force); People's Armed Police Force (internal security troops considered to be an adjunct to the PLA); Militia (2003)
Colombia Army (Ejercito Nacional), Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Naval Aviation, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Colombiana)
Comoros Comoran Security Force
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Army, Navy, Air Force
Congo, Republic of the Congolese Armed Forces (FAC): Army, Air Force (Armee de l'Air Congolaise), Navy, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard (2005)
Cook Islands no regular military forces; Ministry of Police and Disaster Management (2004)
Costa Rica no regular military forces; Ministry of Public Security, Government, and Police
Cote d'Ivoire Army, Navy, Air Force
Croatia Ground Forces (Hrvatska Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM), Air and Air Defense Forces (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo i Protuzrakoplovna Obrana, HRZiPZO)
Cuba Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR): Revolutionary Army (ER), Revolutionary Navy (MGR), Air and Air Defense Force (DAAFAR), Territorial Militia Troops (MTT), Youth Labor Army (EJT)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; includes air and naval elements) north Cyprus: Turkish Cypriot Security Force (GKK)
Czech Republic Army of the Czech Republic (ACR): Joint Forces Command, Support and Training Forces Command (2005)
Denmark Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard (Hjemmevaernet)
Djibouti Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force)
Dominica no regular military forces; Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Coast Guard)
Dominican Republic Army, Navy, Air Force
East Timor East Timor Defense Force (Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este, FDTL): Army, Navy (Armada) (2005)
Ecuador Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry, Naval Aviation, Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana, FAE)
Egypt Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command
El Salvador Army, Navy (FNES), Air Force (FAS)
Equatorial Guinea Army, Navy, Air Force (2005)
Eritrea Army, Navy, Air Force
Estonia Estonian Defense Forces: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force and Air Defense Staff, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), Volunteer Defense League (Kaitseliit), Maritime Border Guard, Coast Guard note: Border Guards and Ministry of Internal Affairs become part of the Estonian Defense Forces in wartime; the Coast Guard is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense in peacetime and the Estonian Navy in wartime
Ethiopia Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Air Force note: Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the secession of Eritrea, Ethiopian naval facilities remained in Eritrean possession (2003)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) no regular military forces
Faroe Islands no regular military forces
Fiji Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Forces, Naval Division (2005)
Finland Finnish Defense Forces: Army, Navy (includes Coastal Defense Forces), Air Force (2003)
France Army (includes Marines, Foreign Legion, Army Light Aviation), Navy (includes naval air), Air Force (includes Air Defense), National Gendarmerie
French Guiana no regular military forces; Gendarmerie
French Polynesia no regular military forces; Gendarmerie and National Police Force
Gabon Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police
Gambia, The Gambian National Army (GNA), Gambian Navy (GN), Presidential Guard, National Guard
Gaza Strip in accordance with the peace agreement, the Palestinian Authority is not permitted conventional military forces; there are, however, public security forces (2002)
Georgia Ground Forces (includes National Guard), Air and Air Defense Forces, Maritime Defense Force, Interior Forces
Germany Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer), Navy (Deutsche Marine, includes naval air arm), Air Force (Luftwaffe), Joint Support Service, Central Medical Service
Ghana Army, Navy, Air Force
Gibraltar Royal Gibraltar Regiment
Greece Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force (Polemiki Aeroporia, EPA)
Grenada no regular military forces; Royal Grenada Police Force
Guadeloupe no regular military forces
Guatemala Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force
Guinea Army (includes Presidential Guard, Republican Guard), Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, General Directorate of National Police
Guinea-Bissau People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary force
Guyana Guyana Defense Force: Ground Forces, Coast Guard, Air Corps, Guyana People's Militia
Haiti the regular Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH) - Army, Navy, and Air Force - have been demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished
Holy See (Vatican City) Pontifical Swiss Guard (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia)
Honduras Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force
Hong Kong no regular indigenous military forces; Hong Kong garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes elements of the PLA Ground Forces, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force; these forces are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Guangzhou Military Region
Hungary Ground Forces, Air Forces
Iceland no regular armed forces; Icelandic National Police, Icelandic Coast Guard (Islenska Landhelgisgaeslan)
India Army, Navy (includes naval air arm), Air Force, Coast Guard, various security or paramilitary forces (includes Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, National Security Guards, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Special Frontier Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Central Industrial Security Force, Railway Protection Force, and Defense Security Corps)
Indonesia Indonesia Armed Forces (TNI): Army (TNI-AD), Navy (TNI-AL, includes Marines, Naval Air arm), Air Force (TNI-AU)
Iran Islamic Republic of Iran Regular Forces (Artesh): Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force (includes Air Defense) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Sepah-e Pasdaran-e Enqelab-e Eslami, IRGC): Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force, Qods Force (special operations), and Basij Force (Popular Mobilization Army) Law Enforcement Forces: (2004)
Iraq Iraqi Armed Forces: Iraqi Regular Army (includes Iraqi Special Operations Force, Iraqi Intervention Force), Iraqi Navy (former Iraqi Coastal Defense Force), Iraqi Air Force (former Iraqi Army Air Corps) (2005)
Ireland Army (includes Naval Service and Air Corps)
Israel Israel Defense Forces (IDF): Ground Corps, Navy, Air and Space Force (includes Air Defense Forces); historically there have been no separate Israeli military services
Italy Army (Esercito Italiano, EI), Navy (Marina Militare Italiana, MMI), Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana, AMI), Carabinieri Corps (Corpo dei Carabinieri, CC) (2005)
Jamaica Jamaica Defense Force: Ground Forces, Coast Guard, Air Wing
Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Army), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Navy), Air Self-Defense Force (Air Force)
Jordan Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF): Royal Jordanian Land Force, Royal Jordanian Navy, Royal Jordanian Air Force, and Special Operations Command (SOCOM); note - Public Security Directorate normally falls under Ministry of Interior but comes under JAF in wartime or crisis situations
Kazakhstan Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Naval Force, Republican Guard
Kenya Army, Navy, Air Force
Kiribati no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands)
Korea, North North Korean People's Army: Ground Force, Navy, Air Force; Civil Security Forces (2005)
Korea, South Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, National Maritime Police (Coast Guard)
Kuwait Land Forces, Navy, Air Force (includes Air Defense Force), National Guard (2002)
Kyrgyzstan Army, Air Force, National Guard (2004)
Laos Lao People's Army (LPA; includes Riverine Force), Air Force
Latvia Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force, Border Guard, Home Guard (Zemessardze)
Lebanon Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF): Army, Navy, and Air Force
Lesotho Lesotho Defense Force (LDF): Army and Air Wing
Liberia Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL): Army, Navy, Air Force
Libya Armed Peoples on Duty (Army), Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command
Lithuania Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force, National Defense Volunteer Forces (SKAT)
Luxembourg Army
Macau China's People's Revolutionary Army (PLA) constitutes the only armed force in Macau; several police forces constitute the Security Forces of Macau (SFM) that are subordinate to the General Secretariat of Security, a body comparable to a ministry of interior (2004)
Macedonia Army of the Republic of Macedonia (ARM; includes Air and Air Defense Command)
Madagascar People's Armed Forces: Intervention Force, Development Force, and Aeronaval (Navy and Air) Force; National Gendarmerie
Malawi Malawi Armed Forces: Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (includes Mobile Force Unit)
Malaysia Malaysian Army (Tentera Darat Malaysia), Royal Malaysian Navy (Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia, TLDM), Royal Malaysian Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia, TUDM) (2005)
Maldives National Security Service includes Security Branch (ground forces), Air Element, Coast Guard
Mali Army, Air Force, National Guard
Malta Armed Forces of Malta (AFM; includes air and maritime elements) (2005)
Marshall Islands no regular military forces; Marshall Islands Police
Martinique no regular military forces; Gendarmerie
Mauritania Mauritanian Armed Forces: Army, Navy (Marine Mauritanienne; includes Naval Infantry), Air Force (Force Aerienne Islamique de Mauritanie, FAIM) (2005)
Mauritius National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)
Mexico Secretariat of National Defense (Sedena): Army and Air Force (FAM) Secretariat of the Navy (Semar): Naval Air and Marines (2004)
Micronesia, Federated States of no ministry of defense and no standing armed forces; the paramilitary Maritime Wing, a small maritime law enforcement unit, is responsible to the Division of Maritime Surveillance within the Office of the Attorney General (2003)
Moldova National Army: Ground Forces, Air Force
Mongolia Mongolian Armed Forces: Mongolian People's Army (MPA), Mongolian People's Air Force (MPAF) (2005)
Montserrat no regular military forces; Royal Montserrat Police Force (2005)
Morocco Royal Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (Force Aerienne Royale Marocaine)
Mozambique Mozambique Armed Defense Forces: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Logistics Command
Namibia Namibian Defense Force: Army (includes Air Wing), Navy, Police
Nauru no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force
Nepal Royal Nepalese Army (includes Royal Nepalese Army Air Service), Nepalese Police Force
Netherlands Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force (Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KLu), Royal Constabulary, Defense Interservice Command (DICO) (2004)
Netherlands Antilles National Guard, Police Force
New Caledonia no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force
New Zealand New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force
Nicaragua Army (includes Navy, Air Force)
Niger Niger Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, National Air Force (2005)
Nigeria Army, Navy, Air Force
Niue no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force
Norway Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy (includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret, RNoAF), Home Guard
Oman Royal Omani Armed Forces: Royal Army of Oman, Royal Navy of Oman, Royal Air Force of Oman (2005)
Pakistan Army, Navy, Air Force
Palau no regular military forces; Police Force
Panama an amendment to the Constitution abolished the armed forces, but there are security forces (Panamanian Public Forces or PPF includes the Panamanian National Police, National Maritime Service, and National Air Service)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Defense Force (includes Maritime Operations Element, Air Operations Element)
Paraguay Army, Navy (includes Naval Aviation, River Defense Corps, Coast Guard), Air Force
Peru Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes Naval Air, Naval Infantry, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru; FAP)
Philippines Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP): Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard, Marine Corps), Air Force
Poland Land Forces, Navy, Polish Air Force (PSP)
Portugal Army, Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP), National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana) (2005)
Puerto Rico no regular indigenous military forces; paramilitary National Guard, Police Force
Qatar Qatari Amiri Land Force (QALF), Qatari Amiri Navy (QAN), Qatari Amiri Air Force (QAAF)
Reunion no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Romania Land Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces (AMR), Special Operations, Civil Defense (2005)
Russia Ground Forces (SV), Navy (VMF), Air Forces (VVS); Airborne Troops (VDV), Strategic Rocket Troops (RVSN), and Space Troops (KV) are independent "combat arms," not subordinate to any of the three branches
Rwanda Rwandan Defense Forces: Army, Air Force
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force (includes Coast Guard), Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force
Saint Lucia Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Coast Guard)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines no regular military forces; Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force (includes Special Service Unit), Coast Guard
Samoa no regular armed services; Samoa Police Force
San Marino Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar); note - performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance
Sao Tome and Principe Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (FASTP): Army, Coast Guard, Presidential Guard (2004)
Saudi Arabia Land Force (Army), Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, National Guard, Ministry of Interior Forces (paramilitary)
Senegal Army, Navy (Marine Senegalaise), Air Force (2005)
Serbia and Montenegro Serbian and Montenegrin Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije i Crne Gore, VSCG): Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Naval Forces (2005)
Seychelles Seychelles Defense Force: Army, Coast Guard (includes Navy Wing, Air Wing), National Guard (2005)
Sierra Leone Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): Army (includes Air Wing, Maritime Wing)
Singapore Singapore Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense (2005)
Slovakia Army of the Slovak Republic (Armady Slovenskej Republika): Land Command, Air Forces (Vozdushne Sily), Training and Support Command, Logistics Command (2005)
Slovenia Slovenian Army (includes Air and Naval Forces)
Solomon Islands no regular military forces; Royal Solomon Islands Police (RSIP)
Somalia A Somali National Army was attempted under the interim government; numerous factions and clans maintain independent militias, and the Somaliland and Puntland regional governments maintain their own security and police forces
South Africa South African National Defense Force (SANDF): Army, Navy, Air Force, Joint Operations, Joint Support, Military Intelligence, Military Health Service (2004)
Spain Army, Navy, Air Force (Ejercito del Aire, EdA), Naval Infantry
Sri Lanka Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force
Sudan Sudanese People's Armed Forces (SPAF): Army, Navy, Air Force, Popular Defense Force
Suriname National Army (includes small Navy and Air Force elements)
Swaziland Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (USDF): Ground Force (includes Air Wing), Royal Swaziland Police Force (RSPF) (2005)
Sweden Army, Royal Swedish Navy (RSwN), Air Force (Flygvapnet)
Switzerland Land Forces, Swiss Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe)
Syria Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air Force (includes Air Defense Command), Police and Security Force
Taiwan Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force, Coast Guard Administration, Armed Forces Reserve Command, Combined Service Forces Command, Armed Forces Police Command
Tajikistan Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force
Tanzania Tanzanian People's Defense Force (JWTZ): Army, Naval Wing, Air Defense Command (includes Air Wing), National Service
Thailand Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force
Togo Togolese Armed Forces (FAT): Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie (2005)
Tonga Tonga Defense Services: Ground Forces (Royal Marines, Royal Guard), Maritime Force (includes Air Wing)
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force: Ground Force, Coast Guard (includes Air Wing) (2004)
Tunisia Army, Navy, Air Force (2003)
Turkey Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry), Air Force
Turkmenistan Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces (2004)
Tuvalu no regular military forces; national police force
Uganda Ugandan Peoples' Defense Force (UPDF): Army, Marine Unit, Air Wing
Ukraine Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces (Viyskovo-Povitryani Syly), Air Defense Forces (2002)
United Arab Emirates Army, Navy (includes Marines and Coast Guard), Air and Air Defense Force, paramilitary forces (includes Federal Police Force)
United Kingdom Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force
United States Army, Navy and Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard (Coast Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy)
Uruguay Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm, Marines, Maritime Prefecture in wartime), Air Force
Uzbekistan Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard
Vanuatu no regular military forces; security forces comprise the Vanuatu Police Force (VPF) and paramilitary Vanuatu Mobile Force (VMF), which includes Vanuatu's naval force, known as the Police Maritime Wing (PMW); border security in Vanuatu is the joint responsibility of the Customs and Inland Revenue Service, VPF, VMF, and PMW (2003)
Venezuela National Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales, FAN): Ground Forces or Army (Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito), Naval Forces (Fuerzas Navales or Armada - includes Marines, Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerzas Aereas or Aviacion), Armed Forces of Cooperation or National Guard (Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperacion or Guardia Nacional)
Vietnam People's Army of Vietnam: Ground Forces, People's Navy Command (includes Naval Infantry), Air and Air Defense Force, Coast Guard
Yemen Army (includes Special Forces), Naval Forces and Coastal Defenses (includes Marines), Air Force (includes Air Defense Forces), Republican Guard (2002)
Zambia Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Army, Air Force, Police, National Service
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ), Zimbabwe Republic Police (2005)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2056 Budget
Afghanistan revenues: $300 million expenditures: $609 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY04-05 budget)
Albania revenues: $2.05 billion expenditures: $2.46 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2004 est.)
Algeria revenues: $31.47 billion expenditures: $29.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.8 billion (2004 est.)
American Samoa revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants) expenditures: $127 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY96/97)
Andorra revenues: $385 million expenditures: $342 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1997)
Angola revenues: $9.013 billion expenditures: $9.562 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (2004 est.)
Anguilla revenues: $22.8 million expenditures: $22.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda revenues: $123.7 million expenditures: $145.9 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Argentina revenues: $29.15 billion expenditures: $26.84 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Armenia revenues: $428.1 million expenditures: $491.2 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Aruba revenues: $135.8 million expenditures: $147 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000)
Australia revenues: $222.7 billion expenditures: $221.7 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Austria revenues: $142.5 billion expenditures: $146.4 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan revenues: $2.715 billion expenditures: $2.801 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The revenues: $1 billion expenditures: $1 billion, including capital expenditures of $106.7 million (FY03/04)
Bahrain revenues: $3.825 billion expenditures: $3.262 billion, including capital expenditures of $700 million (2004 est.)
Bangladesh revenues: $5.921 billion expenditures: $8.262 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Barbados revenues: $847 million (including grants) expenditures: $886 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Belarus revenues: $3.326 billion expenditures: $3.564 billion, including capital expenditures of $180 million (2004 est.)
Belgium revenues: $173.7 billion expenditures: $174.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.56 billion (2004 est.)
Belize revenues: $244.5 million expenditures: $300 million, including capital expenditures of $70 million (2004 est.)
Benin revenues: $869.4 million expenditures: $720.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Bermuda revenues: $671.1 million expenditures: $594.6 million, including capital expenditures of $55 million (FY03/04)
Bhutan revenues: $146 million expenditures: $152 million, including capital expenditures of NA note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (FY95/96 est.)
Bolivia revenues: $2.264 billion expenditures: $2.769 billion, including capital expenditures of $741 million (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina revenues: $3.618 billion expenditures: $3.642 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Botswana revenues: $3.735 billion expenditures: $3.743 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Brazil revenues: $140.6 billion expenditures: $172.4 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004)
British Virgin Islands revenues: $121.5 million expenditures: $115.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1997)
Brunei revenues: $4.9 billion expenditures: $4.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (2003 est.)
Bulgaria revenues: $9.67 billion expenditures: $9.619 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso revenues: $695.2 million expenditures: $876.3 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Burma revenues: $474.9 million expenditures: $955.5 million, including capital expenditures of $5.7 billion (2004 est.)
Burundi revenues: $152.5 million expenditures: $187.7 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Cambodia revenues: $548.2 million expenditures: $836.7 million, including capital expenditures of $291 million of which 75% was financed by external assistance (2004 est.)
Cameroon revenues: $2.493 billion expenditures: $2.248 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Canada revenues: $151 billion expenditures: $144 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Cape Verde revenues: $260.6 million expenditures: $305.3 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands revenues: $265.2 million expenditures: $248.9 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1997)
Central African Republic revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
Chad revenues: $1.131 billion expenditures: $957.7 million, including capital expenditures of $146 million (2004 est.)
Chile revenues: $21.53 billion expenditures: $19.95 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.33 billion (2004 est.)
China revenues: $317.9 billion expenditures: $348.9 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Christmas Island revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands revenues: NA expenditures: NA
Colombia revenues: $15.33 billion expenditures: $21.03 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Comoros revenues: $27.6 million expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the revenues: $269 million expenditures: $244 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million (1996 est.)
Congo, Republic of the revenues: $870.1 million expenditures: $1.102 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Cook Islands revenues: $28 million expenditures: $27 million, including capital expenditures of $3.3 million (FY00/01 est.)
Costa Rica revenues: $2.497 billion expenditures: $3.094 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire revenues: $2.412 billion expenditures: $2.767 billion, including capital expenditures of $420 million (2004 est.)
Croatia revenues: $14.14 billion expenditures: $15.65 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Cuba revenues: $18.01 billion expenditures: $19.06 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Cyprus revenues: Republic of Cyprus - $5.616 billion (2004 est.), north Cyprus - $404.3 million (2003 est.) expenditures: Republic of Cyprus - $685.7 million, including capital expenditures of $685.7 million, north Cyprus - $775.7 million, including capital expenditures of $91.4 million (2004 est.)
Czech Republic revenues: $39.31 billion expenditures: $45.8 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Denmark revenues: $136.1 billion expenditures: $133.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2004 est.)
Djibouti revenues: $135 million expenditures: $182 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1999 est.)
Dominica revenues: $73.9 million expenditures: $84.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2001)
Dominican Republic revenues: $2.625 billion expenditures: $3.382 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.1 billion (2004 est.)
East Timor revenues: $107.7 million expenditures: $73 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Ecuador revenues: $7.9 billion expenditures: planned $7.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.6 billion (2004 est.)
Egypt revenues: $15.42 billion expenditures: $20.76 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.7 billion (2004 est.)
El Salvador revenues: $2.491 billion expenditures: $2.782 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea revenues: $813.2 million expenditures: $375.3 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Eritrea revenues: $235.2 million expenditures: $373.2 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Estonia revenues: $4.622 billion expenditures: $4.601 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Ethiopia revenues: $1.887 billion expenditures: $2.388 billion, including capital expenditures of $788 million (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Faroe Islands revenues: $488 million expenditures: $484 million, including capital expenditures of $21 million (1999)
Fiji revenues: $427.9 million expenditures: $531.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Finland revenues: $96.43 billion expenditures: $91.95 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
France revenues: $1.005 trillion expenditures: $1.08 trillion, including capital expenditures of $23 billion (2004 est.)
French Guiana revenues: $225 million expenditures: $390 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1996)
French Polynesia revenues: $1 billion expenditures: $900 million, including capital expenditures of $185 million (1996)
Gabon revenues: $2.129 billion expenditures: $1.64 billion, including capital expenditures of $310 million (2004 est.)
Gambia, The revenues: $44.85 million expenditures: $59.94 million, including capital expenditures of $4.1 million (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip revenues: $676.6 million expenditures: $1.155 billion, including capital expenditures of NA; note - these budget data include West Bank (2003)
Georgia revenues: $671.7 million expenditures: $804.7 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Germany revenues: $1.2 trillion expenditures: $1.3 trillion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Ghana revenues: $2.17 billion expenditures: $2.56 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Gibraltar revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY00/01 est.)
Greece revenues: $54.39 billion expenditures: $64.4 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Greenland revenues: $646 million expenditures: $629 million, including capital expenditures of $85 million (1999)
Grenada revenues: $85.8 million expenditures: $102.1 million, including capital expenditures of $28 million (1997)
Guadeloupe revenues: $225 million expenditures: $390 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1996)
Guam revenues: $340 million expenditures: $445 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Guatemala revenues: $2.878 billion expenditures: $3.411 billion, including capital expenditures of $750 million (2004 est.)
Guernsey revenues: $539.2 million expenditures: $448.3 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002 est.)
Guinea revenues: $382.7 million expenditures: $711.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
Guyana revenues: $287.6 million expenditures: $371.6 million, including capital expenditures of $93.4 million (2004 est.)
Haiti revenues: $330.2 million expenditures: $529.6 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) revenues: $245.2 million expenditures: $260.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002)
Honduras revenues: $1.467 billion expenditures: $1.722 billion, including capital expenditures of $106 million (2004 est.)
Hong Kong revenues: $26.6 billion expenditures: $31.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.9 billion (2004 est.)
Hungary revenues: $46.07 billion expenditures: $51.36 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Iceland revenues: $4.154 billion expenditures: $4.058 billion, including capital expenditures of $467 million (2004 est.)
India revenues: $67.3 billion expenditures: $104 billion, including capital expenditures of $13.5 billion (2004 est.)
Indonesia revenues: $52.13 billion expenditures: $55.88 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Iran revenues: $43.34 billion expenditures: $47.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $7.6 billion (2004 est.)
Iraq revenues: $17.1 billion expenditures: $28.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.6 billion (2004 budget)
Ireland revenues: $62.51 billion expenditures: $63.52 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.5 billion (2004 est.)
Israel revenues: $48.09 billion expenditures: $52.11 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Italy revenues: $768.9 billion expenditures: $820.1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Jamaica revenues: $2.793 billion expenditures: $3.157 billion, including capital expenditures of $236 million (2004 est.)
Japan revenues: $1.401 trillion expenditures: $1.748 trillion, including capital expenditures (public works only) of about $71 billion (2004 est.)
Jersey revenues: $601 million expenditures: $588 million, including capital expenditures of $98 million (2000 est.)
Jordan revenues: $3.483 billion expenditures: $3.616 billion, including capital expenditures of $782 million (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan revenues: $8.67 billion expenditures: $8.968 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Kenya revenues: $2.89 billion expenditures: $3.443 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Kiribati revenues: $28.4 million expenditures: $37.2 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Korea, North revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
Korea, South revenues: $150.5 billion expenditures: $155.8 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Kuwait revenues: $35.82 billion expenditures: $19.53 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan revenues: $431.3 million expenditures: $445.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Laos revenues: $284.3 million expenditures: $416.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Latvia revenues: $4.231 billion expenditures: $4.504 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Lebanon revenues: $4.895 billion expenditures: $6.642 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Lesotho revenues: $698.5 million expenditures: $697.6 million, including capital expenditures of $15 million (2004 est.)
Liberia revenues: $85.4 million expenditures: $90.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Libya revenues: $13.52 billion expenditures: $12.23 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.6 billion (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
Lithuania revenues: $6.542 billion expenditures: $7.121 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Luxembourg revenues: $13.74 billion expenditures: $14.49 billion, including capital expenditures of $760 million (2004 est.)
Macau revenues: $1.84 billion expenditures: $1.57 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003)
Macedonia revenues: $1.198 billion expenditures: $1.245 billion, including capital expenditures of $114 million (2004 est.)
Madagascar revenues: $783.7 million expenditures: $1.079 billion, including capital expenditures of $331 million (2004 est.)
Malawi revenues: $536 million expenditures: $635.6 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Malaysia revenues: $25.33 billion expenditures: $29.33 billion, including capital expenditures of $9.4 billion (2004 est.)
Maldives revenues: $224 million (excluding foreign grants) expenditures: $282 million, including capital expenditures of $80 million (2002 est.)
Mali revenues: $764 million expenditures: $828 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002 est.)
Malta revenues: $2.27 billion expenditures: $2.549 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Man, Isle of revenues: $485 million expenditures: $463 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY00/01 est.)
Marshall Islands revenues: $42 million expenditures: $40 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1999)
Martinique revenues: $900 million expenditures: $2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $140 million (1996)
Mauritania revenues: $421 million expenditures: $378 million, including capital expenditures of $154 million (2002 est.)
Mauritius revenues: $1.231 billion expenditures: $1.582 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Mayotte revenues: NA expenditures: $73 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1991 est.)
Mexico revenues: $160 billion expenditures: $158 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of revenues: $161 million ($69 million less grants) expenditures: $160 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
Moldova revenues: $648.1 million expenditures: $634.8 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Monaco revenues: $518 million expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1995)
Mongolia revenues: $582 million expenditures: $602 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Montserrat revenues: $31.4 million expenditures: $31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4 million (1997 est.)
Morocco revenues: $12.86 billion expenditures: $15.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.19 billion (2004 est.)
Mozambique revenues: $1.186 billion expenditures: $1.398 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2004 est.)
Namibia revenues: $1.788 billion expenditures: $1.956 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Nauru revenues: $23.4 million expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY95/96)
Nepal revenues: $665 million expenditures: $1.1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (FY99/00 est.)
Netherlands revenues: $256.9 billion expenditures: $274.4 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles revenues: $710.8 million expenditures: $741.6 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1997 est.)
New Caledonia revenues: $861.3 million expenditures: $735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)
New Zealand revenues: $38.29 billion expenditures: $36.12 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Nicaragua revenues: $725.5 million expenditures: $1.039 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Niger revenues: $320 million - including $134 million from foreign sources expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $178 million (2002 est.)
Nigeria revenues: $11.78 billion expenditures: $11.47 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Niue revenues: NA expenditures: NA
Norfolk Island revenues: $20 million expenditures: $20 million, including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)
Northern Mariana Islands revenues: $193 million expenditures: $223 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY01/02 est.)
Norway revenues: $134 billion expenditures: $116.8 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Oman revenues: $9.291 billion expenditures: $8.747 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Pakistan revenues: $13.45 billion expenditures: $16.51 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Palau revenues: $57.7 million expenditures: $80.8 million, including capital expenditures of $17.1 million (FY98/99 est.)
Panama revenues: $3.095 billion expenditures: $3.737 billion, including capital expenditures of $471 million (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea revenues: $1.174 billion expenditures: $1.232 billion, including capital expenditures of $344 million (2004 est.)
Paraguay revenues: $1.123 billion expenditures: $1.129 billion, including capital expenditures of $700 million (2004 est.)
Peru revenues: $13.6 billion expenditures: $14.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion, for general government, excluding private enterprises (2004 est.)
Philippines revenues: $12.22 billion expenditures: $15.84 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.4 million (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands revenues: $746,000 expenditures: $1.028 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY04/05)
Poland revenues: $44.52 billion expenditures: $54.93 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Portugal revenues: $74.38 billion expenditures: $79.86 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico revenues: $6.7 billion expenditures: $9.6 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (FY99/00)
Qatar revenues: $10.17 billion expenditures: $7.61 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.2 billion (2004 est.)
Reunion revenues: $1.26 billion expenditures: $2.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1998)
Romania revenues: $22.1 billion expenditures: $23.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.2 billion (2004 est.)
Russia revenues: $106.4 billion expenditures: $93.33 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Rwanda revenues: $354.5 million expenditures: $385 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Saint Helena revenues: $11.2 million expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY92/93)
Saint Kitts and Nevis revenues: $89.7 million expenditures: $128.2 million, including capital expenditures of $19.5 million (2003 est.)
Saint Lucia revenues: $141.2 million expenditures: $146.7 million, including capital expenditures of $25.1 million (2000 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million (1996 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines revenues: $94.6 million expenditures: $85.8 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Samoa revenues: $105 million expenditures: $119 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2001-02)
San Marino revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe revenues: $27.94 million expenditures: $43.91 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia revenues: $104.8 billion expenditures: $78.66 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Senegal revenues: $1.572 billion expenditures: $1.627 billion, including capital expenditures of $357 million (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro revenues: $9.773 billion expenditures: $10.46 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Seychelles revenues: $318.3 million expenditures: $298.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone revenues: $96 million expenditures: $351 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Singapore revenues: $17.05 billion expenditures: $18.45 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.8 billion (2004 est.)
Slovakia revenues: $15.44 billion expenditures: $16.7 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Slovenia revenues: $13.36 billion expenditures: $13.99 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands revenues: $49.7 million expenditures: $75.1 million, including capital expenditures of $0 (2003)
Somalia revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
South Africa revenues: $47.43 billion expenditures: $52.54 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Spain revenues: $383.7 billion expenditures: $386.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $12.8 billion (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka revenues: $3.34 billion expenditures: $4.686 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Sudan revenues: $3.057 billion expenditures: $2.965 billion, including capital expenditures of $304 million (2004 est.)
Suriname revenues: $400 million expenditures: $440 million, including capital expenditures of $34 million (2003)
Svalbard revenues: $11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
Swaziland revenues: $494.6 million expenditures: $552.7 million, including capital expenditures of $147 million (2004 est.)
Sweden revenues: $201.3 billion expenditures: $199.6 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Switzerland revenues: $131.5 billion expenditures: $140.4 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Syria revenues: $6.58 billion expenditures: $9.45 billion, including capital expenditures of $4.67 billion (2004 est.)
Taiwan revenues: $67.41 billion expenditures: $76.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $14.4 billion (2004 est.)
Tajikistan revenues: $311.2 million expenditures: $321.5 million, including capital expenditures of $86 million (2004 est.)
Tanzania revenues: $1.985 billion expenditures: $2.074 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Thailand revenues: $30.86 billion expenditures: $31.94 billion, including capital expenditures of $5 billion (2004 est.)
Togo revenues: $239.2 million expenditures: $273.3 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Tokelau revenues: $430,800 expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)
Tonga revenues: $39.9 million expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago revenues: $3.25 billion expenditures: $3.193 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (2004 est.)
Tunisia revenues: $6.799 billion expenditures: $7.573 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.6 billion (2004 est.)
Turkey revenues: $78.53 billion expenditures: $110.9 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan revenues: $3.05 billion expenditures: $3.05 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands revenues: $47 million expenditures: $33.6 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1997-98 est.)
Tuvalu revenues: $22.5 million expenditures: $11.2 million, including capital expenditures of $4.2 million (2000 est.)
Uganda revenues: $1.491 billion expenditures: $1.727 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Ukraine revenues: $13.57 billion expenditures: $12.26 billion, including capital expenditures of NA; note - these estimates probably do not include the government's doubling of pensions in September of 2004 (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates revenues: $23.68 billion expenditures: $25.45 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.4 billion (2004 est.)
United Kingdom revenues: $834.9 billion expenditures: $896.7 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
United States revenues: $1.862 trillion expenditures: $2.338 trillion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Uruguay revenues: $3.332 billion expenditures: $3.787 billion, including capital expenditures of $193 million (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan revenues: $2.457 billion expenditures: $2.482 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Vanuatu revenues: $52.6 million expenditures: $54.3 million, including capital expenditures of $700,000 (2003 est.)
Venezuela revenues: $26.91 billion expenditures: $30.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.6 billion (2004 est.)
Vietnam revenues: $10.66 billion expenditures: $13.09 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands revenues: $560 expenditures: NA (2003)
Wallis and Futuna revenues: $20 million expenditures: $17 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
West Bank revenues: $676.6 million expenditures: $1.155 billion, including capital expenditures of NA; note - these budget data include Gaza Strip (2003)
Western Sahara revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
Yemen revenues: $4.251 billion expenditures: $4.568 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Zambia revenues: $1.129 billion expenditures: $1.307 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe revenues: $1.325 billion expenditures: $1.593 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2057 Capital
Afghanistan Kabul
Akrotiri Episkopi Cantonment; also serves as capital of Dhekelia
Albania Tirana
Algeria Algiers
American Samoa Pago Pago
Andorra Andorra la Vella
Angola Luanda
Anguilla The Valley
Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's (Antigua)
Argentina Buenos Aires
Armenia Yerevan
Aruba Oranjestad
Australia Canberra
Austria Vienna
Azerbaijan Baku (Baki)
Bahamas, The Nassau
Bahrain Manama
Bangladesh Dhaka
Barbados Bridgetown
Belarus Minsk
Belgium Brussels
Belize Belmopan
Benin Porto-Novo is the official capital; Cotonou is the seat of government
Bermuda Hamilton
Bhutan Thimphu
Bolivia La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo
Botswana Gaborone
Brazil Brasilia
British Virgin Islands Road Town
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria Sofia
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou
Burma Rangoon (government refers to the capital as Yangon)
Burundi Bujumbura
Cambodia Phnom Penh
Cameroon Yaounde
Canada Ottawa
Cape Verde Praia
Cayman Islands George Town
Central African Republic Bangui
Chad N'Djamena
Chile Santiago
China Beijing
Christmas Island The Settlement
Cocos (Keeling) Islands West Island
Colombia Bogota
Comoros Moroni
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Kinshasa
Congo, Republic of the Brazzaville
Cook Islands Avarua
Costa Rica San Jose
Cote d'Ivoire Yamoussoukro; note - although Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the commercial and administrative center; the US, like other countries, maintains its Embassy in Abidjan
Croatia Zagreb
Cuba Havana
Cyprus Nicosia
Czech Republic Prague
Denmark Copenhagen
Dhekelia Episkopi Cantonment; located in Akrotiri
Djibouti Djibouti
Dominica Roseau
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo
East Timor Dili
Ecuador Quito
Egypt Cairo
El Salvador San Salvador
Equatorial Guinea Malabo
Eritrea Asmara
Estonia Tallinn
Ethiopia Addis Ababa
European Union Brussels, Belgium note: the Council of the European Union meets in Brussels, the European Parliament meets in Strasbourg, France, and the Court of Justice of the European Communities meets in Luxembourg
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Stanley
Faroe Islands Torshavn
Fiji Suva (Viti Levu)
Finland Helsinki
France Paris
French Guiana Cayenne
French Polynesia Papeete
Gabon Libreville
Gambia, The Banjul
Georgia T'bilisi
Germany Berlin
Ghana Accra
Gibraltar Gibraltar
Greece Athens
Greenland Nuuk (Godthab)
Grenada Saint George's
Guadeloupe Basse-Terre
Guam Hagatna (Agana)
Guatemala Guatemala
Guernsey Saint Peter Port
Guinea Conakry
Guinea-Bissau Bissau
Guyana Georgetown
Haiti Port-au-Prince
Holy See (Vatican City) Vatican City
Honduras Tegucigalpa
Hungary Budapest
Iceland Reykjavik
India New Delhi
Indonesia Jakarta
Iran Tehran
Iraq Baghdad
Ireland Dublin
Israel Jerusalem; note - Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, but the US, like nearly all other countries, maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv
Italy Rome
Jamaica Kingston
Japan Tokyo
Jersey Saint Helier
Jordan 'Amman
Kazakhstan Astana; note - the government moved from Almaty to Astana in December 1998
Kenya Nairobi
Kiribati Tarawa
Korea, North Pyongyang
Korea, South Seoul
Kuwait Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
Laos Vientiane
Latvia Riga
Lebanon Beirut
Lesotho Maseru
Liberia Monrovia
Libya Tripoli
Liechtenstein Vaduz
Lithuania Vilnius
Luxembourg Luxembourg
Macedonia Skopje
Madagascar Antananarivo
Malawi Lilongwe
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur note: Putrajaya is referred to as administrative center not capital; Parliament meets in Kuala Lumpur
Maldives Male
Mali Bamako
Malta Valletta
Man, Isle of Douglas
Marshall Islands Majuro
Martinique Fort-de-France
Mauritania Nouakchott
Mauritius Port Louis
Mayotte Mamoutzou
Mexico Mexico (Distrito Federal)
Micronesia, Federated States of Palikir
Moldova Chisinau
Monaco Monaco
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar
Montserrat Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat)
Morocco Rabat
Mozambique Maputo
Namibia Windhoek
Nauru no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Nepal Kathmandu
Netherlands Amsterdam; The Hague is the seat of government
Netherlands Antilles Willemstad; note - located on Curacao, the largest of the islands
New Caledonia Noumea
New Zealand Wellington
Nicaragua Managua
Niger Niamey
Nigeria Abuja; note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially transferred from Lagos to Abuja; most federal government offices have now moved to Abuja
Niue Alofi
Norfolk Island Kingston
Northern Mariana Islands Saipan
Norway Oslo
Oman Muscat
Pakistan Islamabad
Palau Koror; note - a new capital is being built about 20 km northeast of Koror
Panama Panama
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby
Paraguay Asuncion
Peru Lima
Philippines Manila
Pitcairn Islands Adamstown
Poland Warsaw
Portugal Lisbon
Puerto Rico San Juan
Qatar Doha
Reunion Saint-Denis
Romania Bucharest
Russia Moscow
Rwanda Kigali
Saint Helena Jamestown
Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre
Saint Lucia Castries
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown
Samoa Apia
San Marino San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia Riyadh
Senegal Dakar
Serbia and Montenegro Belgrade
Seychelles Victoria
Sierra Leone Freetown
Singapore Singapore
Slovakia Bratislava
Slovenia Ljubljana
Solomon Islands Honiara
Somalia Mogadishu
South Africa Pretoria; note - Cape Town is the legislative center and Bloemfontein the judicial center
Spain Madrid
Sri Lanka Colombo; note - Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte is the legislative capital
Sudan Khartoum
Suriname Paramaribo
Svalbard Longyearbyen
Swaziland Mbabane; note - Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital
Sweden Stockholm
Switzerland Bern
Syria Damascus
Taiwan Taipei
Tajikistan Dushanbe
Tanzania Dar es Salaam; note - legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on regular basis
Thailand Bangkok
Togo Lome
Tokelau none; each atoll has its own administrative center
Tonga Nuku'alofa
Trinidad and Tobago Port-of-Spain
Tunisia Tunis
Turkey Ankara
Turkmenistan Ashgabat
Turks and Caicos Islands Grand Turk
Tuvalu Funafuti; note - administrative offices are located in Vaiaku Village on Fongafale Islet
Uganda Kampala
Ukraine Kiev (Kyyiv)
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom London
United States Washington, DC
Uruguay Montevideo
Uzbekistan Tashkent (Toshkent)
Vanuatu Port-Vila (Efate)
Venezuela Caracas
Vietnam Hanoi
Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie
Wallis and Futuna Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea)
Western Sahara none
Yemen Sanaa
Zambia Lusaka
Zimbabwe Harare
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2058 Imports - commodities
Afghanistan capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products
Albania machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals
Algeria capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods
American Samoa materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6%
Andorra consumer goods, food, electricity
Angola machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods
Anguilla fuels, foodstuffs, manufactures, chemicals, trucks, textiles
Antigua and Barbuda food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
Argentina machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal manufactures, plastics
Armenia natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds
Aruba machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs
Australia machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products
Austria machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs
Azerbaijan machinery and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals
Bahamas, The machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals
Bahrain crude oil, machinery, chemicals
Bangladesh machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement (2000)
Barbados consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components
Belarus mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals
Belgium machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products
Belize machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco
Benin foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products
Bermuda machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Bhutan fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice
Bolivia petroleum products, plastics, paper, aircraft and aircraft parts, prepared foods, automobiles, insecticides, soybeans
Bosnia and Herzegovina machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Botswana foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products
Brazil machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil
British Virgin Islands building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs, machinery
Brunei machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Bulgaria machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials
Burkina Faso capital goods, foodstuffs, petroleum
Burma fabric, petroleum products, plastics, machinery, transport equipment, construction materials, crude oil; food products
Burundi capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs
Cambodia petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products
Cameroon machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food
Canada machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods
Cape Verde foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels
Cayman Islands foodstuffs, manufactured goods
Central African Republic food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Chad machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles
Chile petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas
China machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, plastics, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals, iron and steel
Christmas Island consumer goods
Cocos (Keeling) Islands foodstuffs
Colombia industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity
Comoros rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods; petroleum products, cement, transport equipment
Congo, Democratic Republic of the foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels
Congo, Republic of the capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs
Cook Islands foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods
Costa Rica raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum
Cote d'Ivoire fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs
Croatia machinery, transport and electrical equipment, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, foodstuffs
Cuba petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, intermediate goods, machinery, transport equipment; north Cyprus: vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery
Czech Republic machinery and transport equipment 46%, raw materials and fuels 15%, chemicals 10% (2003)
Denmark machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods
Djibouti foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products
Dominica manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals
Dominican Republic foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
East Timor food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery
Ecuador vehicles, medicinal products, telecommunications equipment, electricity
Egypt machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels
El Salvador raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity
Equatorial Guinea petroleum sector equipment, other equipment
Eritrea machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods (2000)
Estonia machinery and equipment 33.5%, chemical products 11.6%, textiles 10.3%, foodstuffs 9.4%, transportation equipment 8.9% (2001)
Ethiopia food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles
European Union machinery, vehicles, aircraft, plastics, crude oil, chemicals, textiles, metals, foodstuffs, clothing
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Faroe Islands machinery and transport equipment 29%, consumer goods 36%, raw materials and semi-manufactures 32%, fuels, fish and salt (1999)
Fiji manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals
Finland foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains (1999)
France machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals
French Guiana food (grains, processed meat), machinery and transport equipment, fuels and chemicals
French Polynesia fuels, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment
Gabon machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials
Gambia, The foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment
Gaza Strip food, consumer goods, construction materials
Georgia fuels, machinery and parts, transport equipment, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals
Germany machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
Ghana capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs
Gibraltar fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Greece machinery, transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Greenland machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products
Grenada food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel
Guadeloupe foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials
Guam petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods
Guatemala fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity
Guernsey coal, gasoline, oil, machinery and equipment
Guinea petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs
Guinea-Bissau foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products
Guyana manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food
Haiti food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials
Honduras machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs (2000)
Hong Kong raw materials and semi-manufactures, consumer goods, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuel (most is re-exported)
Hungary machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.7%, fuels and electricity 7.7%, food products 3.1%, raw materials 2.0% (2003)
Iceland machinery and equipment, petroleum products; foodstuffs, textiles
India crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals
Indonesia machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Iran industrial raw materials and intermediate goods, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services, military supplies
Iraq food, medicine, manufactures
Ireland data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing
Israel raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, fuels, grain, consumer goods
Italy engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages and tobacco
Jamaica food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials
Japan machinery and equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, raw materials (2001)
Jersey machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals
Jordan crude oil, textile fabrics, machinery, transport equipment, manufactured goods
Kazakhstan machinery and equipment 41%, metal products 28%, foodstuffs 8% (2001)
Kenya machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics
Kiribati foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel
Korea, North petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment; textiles, grain
Korea, South machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, organic chemicals, plastics
Kuwait food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing
Kyrgyzstan oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
Laos machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, consumer goods
Latvia machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, vehicles
Lebanon petroleum products, cars, medicinal products, clothing, meat and live animals, consumer goods, paper, textile fabrics, tobacco
Lesotho food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products (2000)
Liberia fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs
Libya machinery, transport equipment, semi-finished goods, food, consumer products (1999)
Liechtenstein agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles
Lithuania mineral products 21%, machinery and equipment 17%, transport equipment 11%, chemicals 9%, textiles and clothing 9%, metals 5% (2001)
Luxembourg minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods
Macau raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils
Macedonia machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; food products, automobiles
Madagascar capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food
Malawi food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment
Malaysia electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals
Maldives petroleum products, ships, foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, intermediate and capital goods
Mali petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
Malta machinery and transport equipment, manufactured and semi-manufactured goods; food, drink, and tobacco
Man, Isle of timber, fertilizers, fish
Marshall Islands foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco
Martinique petroleum products, crude oil, foodstuffs, construction materials, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods
Mauritania machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods
Mauritius manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Mayotte food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, metals, chemicals
Mexico metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts
Micronesia, Federated States of food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages
Moldova mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles (2000)
Mongolia machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea
Montserrat machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials
Morocco crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics
Mozambique machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles
Namibia foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Nauru food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Nepal gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer
Netherlands machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs, clothing
Netherlands Antilles crude petroleum, food, manufactures
New Caledonia machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs
New Zealand machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics
Nicaragua consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products
Niger foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals
Nigeria machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals
Niue food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products
Norway machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs
Oman machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants
Pakistan petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea
Palau machinery and equipment, fuels, metals; foodstuffs
Panama capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, chemicals
Papua New Guinea machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals
Paraguay road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum products, electrical machinery
Peru petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper
Philippines raw materials, machinery and equipment, fuels, vehicles and vehicle parts, plastic, chemicals, grains
Pitcairn Islands fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour, sugar, other foodstuffs
Poland machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 14.8%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9.1% (2003)
Portugal machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products
Puerto Rico chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products
Qatar machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Reunion manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Romania machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, basic metals, agricultural products
Russia machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, sugar, semifinished metal products
Rwanda foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
Saint Helena food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Saint Kitts and Nevis machinery, manufactures, food, fuels
Saint Lucia food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels
Saint Pierre and Miquelon meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels
Samoa machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs
San Marino wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Sao Tome and Principe machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products
Saudi Arabia machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles
Senegal food and beverages, capital goods, fuels
Serbia and Montenegro machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials
Seychelles machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Sierra Leone foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals (1995)
Singapore machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs
Slovakia machinery and transport equipment 41.1%, intermediate manufactured goods 19.3%, fuels 12.3%, chemicals 9.8%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 10.2% (2003)
Slovenia machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food
Solomon Islands food, plant and equipment, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals
Somalia manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat
South Africa machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs (2000 est.)
Spain machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods; foodstuffs, consumer goods; measuring and medical control instruments
Sri Lanka textile fabrics, mineral products, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and transportation equipment
Sudan foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat
Suriname capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods
Swaziland motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Sweden machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
Switzerland machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles
Syria machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper
Taiwan machinery and electrical equipment 44.5%, minerals, precision instruments (2002)
Tajikistan electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs
Tanzania consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
Thailand capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels
Togo machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Tokelau foodstuffs, building materials, fuel
Tonga foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Trinidad and Tobago machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals
Tunisia textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food
Turkey machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment
Turkmenistan machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
Turks and Caicos Islands food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials
Tuvalu food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods
Uganda capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
Ukraine energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals
United Arab Emirates machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
United Kingdom manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs
United States agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2003)
Uruguay machinery, chemicals, road vehicles, crude petroleum
Uzbekistan machinery and equipment 49.8%, foodstuffs 16.4%, chemicals, metals (1998 est.)
Vanuatu machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels
Venezuela raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials
Vietnam machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles
Virgin Islands crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods, building materials
Wallis and Futuna chemicals, machinery, passenger ships, consumer goods
West Bank food, consumer goods, construction materials
Western Sahara fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
World the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
Yemen food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Zambia machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Zimbabwe machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2059 Climate
Afghanistan arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
Akrotiri temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Albania mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter
Algeria arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer
American Samoa tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation
Andorra temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Angola semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Anguilla tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Antarctica severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing
Antigua and Barbuda tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation
Arctic Ocean polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Argentina mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest
Armenia highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
Aruba tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
Ashmore and Cartier Islands tropical
Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November
Australia generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
Austria temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers
Azerbaijan dry, semiarid steppe
Bahamas, The tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream
Bahrain arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Baker Island equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Bangladesh tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)
Barbados tropical; rainy season (June to October)
Bassas da India tropical
Belarus cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime
Belgium temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy
Belize tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)
Benin tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Bermuda subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Bhutan varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas
Bolivia varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid
Bosnia and Herzegovina hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast
Botswana semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Bouvet Island antarctic
Brazil mostly tropical, but temperate in south
British Indian Ocean Territory tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
British Virgin Islands subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds
Brunei tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Bulgaria temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers
Burkina Faso tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Burma tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)
Burundi equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January
Cambodia tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Cameroon varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
Canada varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north
Cape Verde temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic
Cayman Islands tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)
Central African Republic tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers
Chad tropical in south, desert in north
Chile temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south
China extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
Christmas Island tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April
Clipperton Island tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, rains May-October
Cocos (Keeling) Islands tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year
Colombia tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Comoros tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October
Congo, Republic of the tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator
Cook Islands tropical; moderated by trade winds
Coral Sea Islands tropical
Costa Rica tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands
Cote d'Ivoire tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Croatia Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Cuba tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)
Cyprus temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Czech Republic temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Denmark temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
Dhekelia temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Djibouti desert; torrid, dry
Dominica tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall
Dominican Republic tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
East Timor tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons
Ecuador tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands
Egypt desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters
El Salvador tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands
Equatorial Guinea tropical; always hot, humid
Eritrea hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except in coastal desert
Estonia maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers
Ethiopia tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
Europa Island tropical
European Union cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Faroe Islands mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy
Fiji tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Finland cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
France generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral
French Guiana tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation
French Polynesia tropical, but moderate
French Southern and Antarctic Lands antarctic
Gabon tropical; always hot, humid
Gambia, The tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)
Gaza Strip temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers
Georgia warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
Germany temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
Ghana tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
Gibraltar Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Glorioso Islands tropical
Greece temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Greenland arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Grenada tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
Guadeloupe subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity
Guam tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation
Guatemala tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands
Guernsey temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast
Guinea generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Guinea-Bissau tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Guyana tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)
Haiti tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Heard Island and McDonald Islands antarctic
Holy See (Vatican City) temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)
Honduras subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains
Hong Kong tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall
Howland Island equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Hungary temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Iceland temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers
India varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north
Indian Ocean northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Indonesia tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Iran mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Iraq mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq
Ireland temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time
Israel temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas
Italy predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south
Jamaica tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior
Jan Mayen arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog
Japan varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
Jarvis Island tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Jersey temperate; mild winters and cool summers
Johnston Atoll tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation
Jordan mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)
Juan de Nova Island tropical
Kazakhstan continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid
Kenya varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Kingman Reef tropical; moderated by prevailing winds
Kiribati tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Korea, North temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer
Korea, South temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter
Kuwait dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters
Kyrgyzstan dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Laos tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)
Latvia maritime; wet, moderate winters
Lebanon Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows
Lesotho temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Liberia tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers
Libya Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Liechtenstein continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Lithuania transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers
Luxembourg modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
Macau subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Macedonia warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Madagascar tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south
Malawi sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)
Malaysia tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons
Maldives tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
Mali subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February
Malta Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers
Man, Isle of temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about one-third of the time
Marshall Islands tropical; hot and humid; wet season from May to November; islands border typhoon belt
Martinique tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid
Mauritania desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty
Mauritius tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Mayotte tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)
Mexico varies from tropical to desert
Micronesia, Federated States of tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage
Midway Islands subtropical; moderated by prevailing easterly winds
Moldova moderate winters, warm summers
Monaco Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Mongolia desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Montserrat tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Morocco Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior
Mozambique tropical to subtropical
Namibia desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic
Nauru tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)
Navassa Island marine, tropical
Nepal varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south
Netherlands temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters
Netherlands Antilles tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds
New Caledonia tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid
New Zealand temperate with sharp regional contrasts
Nicaragua tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands
Niger desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Nigeria varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
Niue tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Norfolk Island subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Northern Mariana Islands tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October
Norway temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast
Oman dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south
Pacific Ocean planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December
Pakistan mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Palau tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November
Palmyra Atoll equatorial, hot, and very rainy
Panama tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)
Papua New Guinea tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation
Paracel Islands tropical
Paraguay subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west
Peru varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Philippines tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)
Pitcairn Islands tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)
Poland temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers
Portugal maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Puerto Rico tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation
Qatar arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Reunion tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Romania temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Russia ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast
Rwanda temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Saint Helena Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Saint Kitts and Nevis tropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Saint Lucia tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August
Saint Pierre and Miquelon cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Samoa tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)
San Marino Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Sao Tome and Principe tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Saudi Arabia harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes
Senegal tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Serbia and Montenegro in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Seychelles tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)
Sierra Leone tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)
Singapore tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Slovakia temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Slovenia Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Solomon Islands tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather
Somalia principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons
South Africa mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Southern Ocean sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter
Spain temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast
Spratly Islands tropical
Sri Lanka tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)
Sudan tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)
Suriname tropical; moderated by trade winds
Svalbard arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Swaziland varies from tropical to near temperate
Sweden temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Switzerland temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers
Syria mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus
Taiwan tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year
Tajikistan midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Tanzania varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Thailand tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid
Togo tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Tokelau tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Tonga tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Trinidad and Tobago tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Tromelin Island tropical
Tunisia temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
Turkey temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
Turkmenistan subtropical desert
Turks and Caicos Islands tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry
Tuvalu tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Uganda tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Ukraine temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
United Arab Emirates desert; cooler in eastern mountains
United Kingdom temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
United States mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains
Uruguay warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Uzbekistan mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Vanuatu tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April
Venezuela tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Vietnam tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March)
Virgin Islands subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November
Wake Island tropical
Wallis and Futuna tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C
West Bank temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters
Western Sahara hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
World two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones form a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates
Yemen mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east
Zambia tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Zimbabwe tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2060 Coastline (km)
Afghanistan 0 km (landlocked)
Akrotiri 56.3 km
Albania 362 km
Algeria 998 km
American Samoa 116 km
Andorra 0 km (landlocked)
Angola 1,600 km
Anguilla 61 km
Antarctica 17,968 km
Antigua and Barbuda 153 km
Arctic Ocean 45,389 km
Argentina 4,989 km
Armenia 0 km (landlocked)
Aruba 68.5 km
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 74.1 km
Atlantic Ocean 111,866 km
Australia 25,760 km
Austria 0 km (landlocked)
Azerbaijan 0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km, est.)
Bahamas, The 3,542 km
Bahrain 161 km
Baker Island 4.8 km
Bangladesh 580 km
Barbados 97 km
Bassas da India 35.2 km
Belarus 0 km (landlocked)
Belgium 66.5 km
Belize 386 km
Benin 121 km
Bermuda 103 km
Bhutan 0 km (landlocked)
Bolivia 0 km (landlocked)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 km
Botswana 0 km (landlocked)
Bouvet Island 29.6 km
Brazil 7,491 km
British Indian Ocean Territory 698 km
British Virgin Islands 80 km
Brunei 161 km
Bulgaria 354 km
Burkina Faso 0 km (landlocked)
Burma 1,930 km
Burundi 0 km (landlocked)
Cambodia 443 km
Cameroon 402 km
Canada 202,080 km
Cape Verde 965 km
Cayman Islands 160 km
Central African Republic 0 km (landlocked)
Chad 0 km (landlocked)
Chile 6,435 km
China 14,500 km
Christmas Island 138.9 km
Clipperton Island 11.1 km
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 26 km
Colombia 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)
Comoros 340 km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 37 km
Congo, Republic of the 169 km
Cook Islands 120 km
Coral Sea Islands 3,095 km
Costa Rica 1,290 km
Cote d'Ivoire 515 km
Croatia 5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
Cuba 3,735 km
Cyprus 648 km
Czech Republic 0 km (landlocked)
Denmark 7,314 km
Dhekelia 27.5 km
Djibouti 314 km
Dominica 148 km
Dominican Republic 1,288 km
East Timor 706 km
Ecuador 2,237 km
Egypt 2,450 km
El Salvador 307 km
Equatorial Guinea 296 km
Eritrea 2,234 km total; mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea 1,083 km
Estonia 3,794 km
Ethiopia 0 km (landlocked)
Europa Island 22.2 km
European Union 65,413.9 km
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,288 km
Faroe Islands 1,117 km
Fiji 1,129 km
Finland 1,250 km
France 3,427 km
French Guiana 378 km
French Polynesia 2,525 km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1,232 km
Gabon 885 km
Gambia, The 80 km
Gaza Strip 40 km
Georgia 310 km
Germany 2,389 km
Ghana 539 km
Gibraltar 12 km
Glorioso Islands 35.2 km
Greece 13,676 km
Greenland 44,087 km
Grenada 121 km
Guadeloupe 306 km
Guam 125.5 km
Guatemala 400 km
Guernsey 50 km
Guinea 320 km
Guinea-Bissau 350 km
Guyana 459 km
Haiti 1,771 km
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 101.9 km
Holy See (Vatican City) 0 km (landlocked)
Honduras 820 km
Hong Kong 733 km
Howland Island 6.4 km
Hungary 0 km (landlocked)
Iceland 4,988 km
India 7,000 km
Indian Ocean 66,526 km
Indonesia 54,716 km
Iran 2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)
Iraq 58 km
Ireland 1,448 km
Israel 273 km
Italy 7,600 km
Jamaica 1,022 km
Jan Mayen 124.1 km
Japan 29,751 km
Jarvis Island 8 km
Jersey 70 km
Johnston Atoll 34 km
Jordan 26 km
Juan de Nova Island 24.1 km
Kazakhstan 0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)
Kenya 536 km
Kingman Reef 3 km
Kiribati 1,143 km
Korea, North 2,495 km
Korea, South 2,413 km
Kuwait 499 km
Kyrgyzstan 0 km (landlocked)
Laos 0 km (landlocked)
Latvia 531 km
Lebanon 225 km
Lesotho 0 km (landlocked)
Liberia 579 km
Libya 1,770 km
Liechtenstein 0 km (doubly landlocked)
Lithuania 99 km
Luxembourg 0 km (landlocked)
Macau 41 km
Macedonia 0 km (landlocked)
Madagascar 4,828 km
Malawi 0 km (landlocked)
Malaysia 4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)
Maldives 644 km
Mali 0 km (landlocked)
Malta 196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)
Man, Isle of 160 km
Marshall Islands 370.4 km
Martinique 350 km
Mauritania 754 km
Mauritius 177 km
Mayotte 185.2 km
Mexico 9,330 km
Micronesia, Federated States of 6,112 km
Midway Islands 15 km
Moldova 0 km (landlocked)
Monaco 4.1 km
Mongolia 0 km (landlocked)
Montserrat 40 km
Morocco 1,835 km
Mozambique 2,470 km
Namibia 1,572 km
Nauru 30 km
Navassa Island 8 km
Nepal 0 km (landlocked)
Netherlands 451 km
Netherlands Antilles 364 km
New Caledonia 2,254 km
New Zealand 15,134 km
Nicaragua 910 km
Niger 0 km (landlocked)
Nigeria 853 km
Niue 64 km
Norfolk Island 32 km
Northern Mariana Islands 1,482 km
Norway 25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km; length of island coastlines 58,133 km)
Oman 2,092 km
Pacific Ocean 135,663 km
Pakistan 1,046 km
Palau 1,519 km
Palmyra Atoll 14.5 km
Panama 2,490 km
Papua New Guinea 5,152 km
Paracel Islands 518 km
Paraguay 0 km (landlocked)
Peru 2,414 km
Philippines 36,289 km
Pitcairn Islands 51 km
Poland 491 km
Portugal 1,793 km
Puerto Rico 501 km
Qatar 563 km
Reunion 207 km
Romania 225 km
Russia 37,653 km
Rwanda 0 km (landlocked)
Saint Helena 60 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis 135 km
Saint Lucia 158 km
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 120 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 84 km
Samoa 403 km
San Marino 0 km (landlocked)
Sao Tome and Principe 209 km
Saudi Arabia 2,640 km
Senegal 531 km
Serbia and Montenegro 199 km
Seychelles 491 km
Sierra Leone 402 km
Singapore 193 km
Slovakia 0 km (landlocked)
Slovenia 46.6 km
Solomon Islands 5,313 km
Somalia 3,025 km
South Africa 2,798 km
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands NA km
Southern Ocean 17,968 km
Spain 4,964 km
Spratly Islands 926 km
Sri Lanka 1,340 km
Sudan 853 km
Suriname 386 km
Svalbard 3,587 km
Swaziland 0 km (landlocked)
Sweden 3,218 km
Switzerland 0 km (landlocked)
Syria 193 km
Taiwan 1,566.3 km
Tajikistan 0 km (landlocked)
Tanzania 1,424 km
Thailand 3,219 km
Togo 56 km
Tokelau 101 km
Tonga 419 km
Trinidad and Tobago 362 km
Tromelin Island 3.7 km
Tunisia 1,148 km
Turkey 7,200 km
Turkmenistan 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
Turks and Caicos Islands 389 km
Tuvalu 24 km
Uganda 0 km (landlocked)
Ukraine 2,782 km
United Arab Emirates 1,318 km
United Kingdom 12,429 km
United States 19,924 km
Uruguay 660 km
Uzbekistan 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Vanuatu 2,528 km
Venezuela 2,800 km
Vietnam 3,444 km (excludes islands)
Virgin Islands 188 km
Wake Island 19.3 km
Wallis and Futuna 129 km
West Bank 0 km (landlocked)
Western Sahara 1,110 km
World 356,000 km note: 98 nations and other entities are islands that border no other countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bassas da India, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Europa Island, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Juan de Nova Island, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Isle of Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tromelin Island, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan
Yemen 1,906 km
Zambia 0 km (landlocked)
Zimbabwe 0 km (landlocked)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2061 Imports - partners (%)
Afghanistan Pakistan 25.5%, US 8.7%, India 8.5%, Germany 6.5%, Turkmenistan 5.3%, Kenya 4.7%, South Korea 4.2%, Russia 4.2% (2004)
Albania Italy 34.8%, Greece 19.8%, Turkey 7.7%, Germany 5.3% (2004)
Algeria France 30.3%, Italy 8.2%, Germany 6.5%, Spain 5.5%, US 5.2%, China 5.1%, Turkey 4.3% (2004)
American Samoa Japan 31.4%, New Zealand 27.9%, Germany 17.1%, Australia 8.9% (2004)
Andorra Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000)
Angola South Korea 28.3%, Portugal 13.1%, US 9.3%, South Africa 7.4%, Brazil 5.6%, Japan 4.8%, France 4.4% (2004)
Anguilla US, Puerto Rico, UK (2000)
Antigua and Barbuda China 19.5%, US 18.7%, Singapore 14.8%, Poland 8.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.7% (2004)
Argentina Brazil 36.2%, US 16.6%, Germany 5.7%, China 4.3% (2004)
Armenia Russia 11.3%, Belgium 10.1%, Israel 8.4%, US 7.6%, Iran 7.1%, UAE 6.1%, Ukraine 5.9%, Italy 5.5%, Germany 5.2%, Georgia 4.6%, France 4.5% (2004)
Aruba US 55.5%, Netherlands 14.1%, Venezuela 3.3% (2004)
Australia US 14.8%, China 12.7%, Japan 11.8%, Germany 5.8%, Singapore 4.4%, UK 4.1% (2004)
Austria Germany 46.3%, Italy 6.8%, Switzerland 4.3% (2004)
Azerbaijan Russia 16.1%, UK 12.5%, Turkey 10.5%, Germany 7.8%, Ukraine 5.6%, Netherlands 4.9%, US 4.1%, Italy 4% (2004)
Bahamas, The US 22.4%, South Korea 18.9%, Brazil 9.2%, Japan 7.9%, Italy 7.8%, Venezuela 6.6% (2004)
Bahrain Saudi Arabia 32.4%, Japan 7.3%, Germany 6.1%, US 5.6%, UK 5.4%, France 4.8% (2004)
Bangladesh India 15.1%, China 12.5%, Singapore 7.5%, Kuwait 5.5%, Japan 5.3%, Hong Kong 4.5% (2004)
Barbados US 35.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 20%, UK 5.6%, Japan 4.3% (2004)
Belarus Russia 68.2%, Germany 6.6%, Ukraine 3.3% (2004)
Belgium Germany 18.4%, Netherlands 17%, France 12.5%, UK 6.8%, Ireland 6.3%, US 5.5% (2004)
Belize US 30.1%, Mexico 12%, Guatemala 7.4%, Cuba 7.2%, China 4.2%, Japan 4.1% (2004)
Benin China 32.2%, France 13%, Thailand 6.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.3% (2004)
Bermuda Kazakhstan 39.2%, France 16.2%, Japan 13.1%, Italy 9.2%, South Korea 8.8%, US 6.4% (2004)
Bhutan Germany 65.4%, Japan 14.3%, Austria 6.8%, UK 4.5% (2004)
Bolivia Brazil 29.7%, Argentina 17.6%, US 10.8%, Chile 7.7%, Peru 7.3% (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia 23.8%, Slovenia 15.8%, Germany 14.8%, Italy 11.4%, Austria 6.6%, Hungary 6.1% (2004)
Botswana Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%, Zimbabwe 4% (2000)
Brazil US 18.3%, Argentina 8.9%, Germany 8.1%, China 5.9%, Nigeria 5.6%, Japan 4.6% (2004)
British Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US
Brunei Singapore 32.7%, Malaysia 21.2%, UK 8.3%, Japan 7.2% (2004)
Bulgaria Germany 15.1%, Italy 10.2%, Russia 7.9%, Greece 7.5%, Turkey 6.9%, France 4.4% (2004)
Burkina Faso France 29.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 16%, Togo 9.8% (2004)
Burma China 29.8%, Singapore 20.8%, Thailand 19.3%, South Korea 5.2%, Malaysia 4.8% (2004)
Burundi Kenya 13.7%, Tanzania 11.2%, US 8.9%, Belgium 8.5%, France 8.4%, Italy 6%, Uganda 5.6%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.5% (2004)
Cambodia Thailand 22.5%, Hong Kong 14.1%, China 13.6%, Vietnam 10.9%, Singapore 10.8%, Taiwan 8.4% (2004)
Cameroon France 28.2%, Nigeria 9.9%, Belgium 7.6%, US 4.9%, China 4.8%, Germany 4.6%, Italy 4.1% (2004)
Canada US 58.9%, China 6.8%, Mexico 3.8% (2004)
Cape Verde Portugal 41.8%, US 12.3%, Netherlands 8.4%, Spain 5.2%, Italy 4.2%, Brazil 4% (2004)
Cayman Islands US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles, Japan
Central African Republic France 17.6%, US 16.3%, Cameroon 9.3%, Belgium 5% (2004)
Chad France 21.9%, Cameroon 16.1%, US 10.8%, Portugal 10.4%, Germany 6.4%, Belgium 4.6% (2004)
Chile Argentina 17%, US 14%, Brazil 11.2%, China 7.4% (2004)
China Japan 16.8%, Taiwan 11.4%, South Korea 11.1%, US 8%, Germany 5.4% (2004)
Christmas Island principally Australia
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australia
Colombia US 29.1%, Venezuela 6.5%, China 6.4%, Mexico 6.2%, Brazil 5.8% (2004)
Comoros France 23.5%, South Africa 11.1%, Kenya 7.5%, UAE 7.2%, Italy 4.9%, Pakistan 4.7%, Mauritius 4.2%, Singapore 4.1% (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the South Africa 18.5%, Belgium 15.5%, France 10.8%, Kenya 6.3%, US 6%, Germany 5.8% (2004)
Congo, Republic of the France 32.7%, US 10.1%, Germany 6.2%, Italy 6%, China 5.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2004)
Cook Islands New Zealand 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2000)
Costa Rica US 46.1%, Japan 5.9%, Mexico 5.1%, Brazil 4.2% (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire France 24.3%, Nigeria 19.2%, UK 4% (2004)
Croatia Italy 17.1%, Germany 15.5%, Russia 7.3%, Slovenia 7.1%, Austria 6.9%, France 4.4% (2004)
Cuba Spain 14.7%, Venezuela 13.5%, US 11%, China 8.9%, Canada 6.4%, Italy 6.2%, Mexico 4.9% (2004)
Cyprus Greece 15.2%, Italy 10.5%, Germany 8.9%, UK 8.6%, France 6.3%, Japan 4.7%, Israel 4.4%, China 4% (2004)
Czech Republic Germany 31.7%, Slovakia 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, China 5.2%, Poland 4.8%, France 4.8%, Russia 4.1% (2004)
Denmark Germany 22.3%, Sweden 13.5%, Netherlands 6.8%, UK 6.1%, France 4.5%, Norway 4.5%, Italy 4.1%, China 4% (2004)
Djibouti Saudi Arabia 19.7%, India 12.4%, Ethiopia 11.8%, China 8.1%, France 5.6%, US 4.8% (2004)
Dominica China 20.4%, US 16.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.3%, UK 6.9%, South Korea 4.6%, Japan 4.3% (2004)
Dominican Republic US 48.1%, Venezuela 13.5%, Colombia 4.8%, Mexico 4.8% (2004)
East Timor NA
Ecuador US 16.5%, Colombia 14.1%, China 9.2%, Venezuela 7.1%, Brazil 6.5%, Chile 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Mexico 4.3% (2004)
Egypt US 12.2%, Germany 7%, Italy 6.6%, France 5.7%, China 5.4%, UK 4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2004)
El Salvador US 46.3%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 6% (2004)
Equatorial Guinea US 26.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 21.4%, Spain 13.6%, France 8.8%, UK 7.8%, Italy 4.4% (2004)
Eritrea Ireland 26.6%, US 18.6%, Italy 16.6%, Turkey 6.4% (2004)
Estonia Finland 22.1%, Germany 12.9%, Sweden 9.7%, Russia 9.2%, Lithuania 5.3%, Latvia 4.7% (2004)
Ethiopia Saudi Arabia 25.3%, US 15.8%, China 6.6% (2004)
European Union US 15.1%, China 9.7%, Japan 6.7%, Switzerland 5.6%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) UK 63.2%, Spain 30.3%, France 3.6% (2004)
Faroe Islands Denmark 52.8%, Norway 18.3%, Iceland 4.4%, Sweden 4.2% (2004)
Fiji Australia 25.9%, Singapore 23.1%, New Zealand 21.1% (2004)
Finland Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.3%, Russia 12.8%, Netherlands 6.3%, Denmark 5.2%, UK 4.6%, France 4.3% (2004)
France Germany 19.2%, Belgium 9.9%, Italy 8.8%, Spain 7.4%, UK 7%, Netherlands 6.7%, US 5.1% (2004)
French Guiana France 63%, US, Trinidad and Tobago, Italy (2002 est.)
French Polynesia France 47.6%, New Zealand 8.8%, Singapore 8.4%, Australia 8.3%, US 7.1% (2004)
Gabon France 43.8%, US 6.3%, UK 5.9%, Netherlands 4% (2004)
Gambia, The China 23.7%, Senegal 11.6%, Brazil 5.9%, UK 5.5%, Netherlands 4.5%, US 4.4% (2004)
Gaza Strip Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Georgia Russia 14%, Turkey 11%, UK 9.3%, Azerbaijan 8.5%, Germany 8.2%, Ukraine 7.7%, US 6% (2004)
Germany France 9%, Netherlands 8.3%, US 7%, Italy 6.1%, UK 5.9%, China 5.6%, Belgium 4.9%, Austria 4.2% (2004)
Ghana Nigeria 12.6%, China 11.4%, UK 6.6%, US 6.4%, France 4.9%, Netherlands 4.2% (2004)
Gibraltar Spain 19.9%, Russia 18.4%, UK 10.8%, Italy 8.8%, Germany 7.5%, US 5.1%, Sweden 4.7%, France 4.2% (2004)
Greece Germany 13.3%, Italy 12.8%, France 6.4%, Netherlands 5.5%, Russia 5.5%, US 4.4%, UK 4.2%, South Korea 4.1% (2004)
Greenland Denmark 78.7%, Sweden 11.9%, Norway 2.7% (2004)
Grenada Trinidad and Tobago 29.6%, US 27.8%, UK 4.8% (2004)
Guadeloupe France 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, Netherlands Antilles 2% (1999)
Guam Singapore 39.5%, South Korea 20.8%, Japan 19%, Hong Kong 9%, Philippines 4.3% (2004)
Guatemala US 34%, Mexico 8.1%, South Korea 6.8%, China 6.6%, Japan 4.4% (2004)
Guernsey UK (regarded as internal trade)
Guinea Cote d'Ivoire 15.5%, France 9%, Belgium 6.1%, China 6%, South Africa 4.8% (2004)
Guinea-Bissau Senegal 44.6%, Portugal 13.8%, China 4.2% (2004)
Guyana Trinidad and Tobago 24.8%, US 24.5%, Cuba 6.8%, UK 5.4% (2004)
Haiti US 34.8%, Netherlands Antilles 18%, Malaysia 5.1%, Colombia 4.7% (2004)
Honduras US 37.5%, Guatemala 6.9%, Mexico 5.4%, Costa Rica 4.3%, El Salvador 4% (2004)
Hong Kong China 43.5%, Japan 12.1%, Taiwan 7.3%, US 5.3%, Singapore 5.3%, South Korea 4.8% (2004)
Hungary Germany 29.2%, Austria 8.3%, Russia 5.7%, Italy 5.5%, Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.8%, France 4.7% (2004)
Iceland Germany 12.3%, US 9.9%, Norway 9.7%, Denmark 7.9%, UK 7.2%, Sweden 6.7%, Netherlands 6% (2004)
India China 6.1%, US 6%, Switzerland 5.2%, Belgium 4.4% (2004)
Indonesia Singapore 13.1%, Japan 13.1%, China 8.8%, US 7%, Thailand 6%, Australia 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.2%, South Korea 4.2% (2004)
Iran Germany 12.8%, France 8.3%, Italy 7.7%, China 7.2%, UAE 7.2%, South Korea 6.1%, Russia 5.4% (2004)
Iraq Syria 22.9%, Turkey 19.5%, US 9.2%, Jordan 6.7%, Germany 4.9% (2004)
Ireland UK 35.6%, US 13.8%, Germany 8.9%, Netherlands 4.3%, France 4.2% (2004)
Israel US 15%, Belgium 10.1%, Germany 7.5%, Switzerland 6.5%, UK 6.1% (2004)
Italy Germany 18%, France 10.9%, Netherlands 5.9%, Spain 4.6%, Belgium 4.4%, UK 4.3%, China 4.2% (2004)
Jamaica US 38.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.2%, France 5.6%, Japan 4.7% (2004)
Japan China 20.7%, US 14%, South Korea 4.9%, Australia 4.3%, Indonesia 4.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%, UAE 4% (2004)
Jersey UK
Jordan Saudi Arabia 19.8%, China 8.4%, Germany 6.8%, US 6.8% (2004)
Kazakhstan Russia 34.6%, China 15.4%, Germany 8.2%, France 5.7%, Ukraine 4.6% (2004)
Kenya UAE 12.6%, Saudi Arabia 9.1%, South Africa 8.8%, US 7.7%, India 7.2%, UK 6.7%, China 6.4%, Japan 5% (2004)
Kiribati Australia 33.6%, Fiji 29.8%, Japan 10.3%, New Zealand 6.9%, France 4.1% (2004)
Korea, North China 32.9%, Thailand 10.7%, Japan 4.8% (2004)
Korea, South Japan 20.6%, China 13.2%, US 12.9%, Saudi Arabia 5.3% (2004)
Kuwait US 12.9%, Germany 11.9%, Japan 7.9%, UK 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 5.5%, Italy 5%, France 4.5%, China 4.1% (2004)
Kyrgyzstan China 26.3%, Russia 22.3%, Kazakhstan 17.1%, Turkey 5.4% (2004)
Laos Thailand 60.5%, China 10.3%, Vietnam 7.1%, Singapore 4% (2004)
Latvia Germany 13.9%, Lithuania 12.2%, Russia 8.7%, Estonia 7%, Finland 6.3%, Sweden 6.1%, Poland 5.4%, Belarus 4.8% (2004)
Lebanon Italy 11.2%, France 10.3%, Syria 9.8%, Germany 8.6%, China 5.8%, US 5.5%, UK 4.6% (2004)
Lesotho Hong Kong 46.8%, China 25.5%, South Korea 5.6%, Germany 4.8% (2004)
Liberia South Korea 38.8%, Japan 21.2%, Singapore 12.2%, Croatia 5.3%, Germany 4.2% (2004)
Libya Italy 25.5%, Germany 11%, South Korea 6.1%, UK 5.4%, Tunisia 4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2004)
Liechtenstein EU, Switzerland
Lithuania Russia 23.1%, Germany 16.7%, Poland 7.7%, Netherlands 4% (2004)
Luxembourg Belgium 29.8%, Germany 22.6%, China 12.6%, France 12%, Netherlands 4.2% (2004)
Macau China 44.4%, Hong Kong 10.6%, Japan 9.6%, Taiwan 4.9%, Singapore 4.1%, US 4.1% (2004)
Macedonia Greece 15.4%, Germany 13.1%, Serbia and Montenegro 10.4%, Slovenia 8.6%, Bulgaria 8.1%, Turkey 6%, Romania 4.7% (2004)
Madagascar France 17.2%, China 9.7%, Hong Kong 6.6%, Iran 6.4%, Mauritius 6.2%, South Africa 5.6% (2004)
Malawi South Africa 37.3%, India 8.1%, Mozambique 7.7%, Zimbabwe 7.2%, Tanzania 4.6%, Germany 4.1% (2004)
Malaysia Japan 16.1%, US 14.6%, Singapore 11.2%, China 9.9%, Thailand 5.6%, Taiwan 5.5%, South Korea 5%, Germany 4.5%, Indonesia 4% (2004)
Maldives Singapore 24.9%, Sri Lanka 10.6%, UAE 10.3%, India 10.2%, Malaysia 7.6%, Bahrain 5.4% (2004)
Mali France 14.5%, Senegal 9.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.6% (2004)
Malta Italy 25.4%, France 13.1%, UK 12%, Germany 8.9%, US 5.2%, Singapore 4.1% (2004)
Man, Isle of UK (2000)
Marshall Islands US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2000)
Martinique France 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3% (2000)
Mauritania France 14.1%, US 7.6%, China 6.4%, Spain 5.8%, UK 4.6%, Germany 4.3%, Belgium 4.2% (2004)
Mauritius South Africa 11.3%, China 9.4%, India 9.3%, France 9.2%, Bahrain 5.3%, Japan 4.1% (2004)
Mayotte France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2000 est.)
Mexico US 53.7%, China 7%, Japan 5.1% (2004)
Micronesia, Federated States of US, Australia, Japan (2000)
Moldova Ukraine 24.6%, Russia 12.2%, Romania 9.3%, Germany 8.5%, Italy 7.4% (2004)
Mongolia Russia 33.3%, China 23.6%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6%, US 4.6% (2004)
Montserrat US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada
Morocco France 18.2%, Spain 12.1%, Italy 6.6%, Germany 6%, Russia 5.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, China 4.2%, US 4.1% (2004)
Mozambique South Africa 41.4%, Netherlands 11%, Portugal 3.3% (2004)
Namibia US 50%, EU 31% (2001)
Nauru Australia 65.6%, Indonesia 5.4%, Germany 5.3%, UK 4.4% (2004)
Nepal India 46.3%, China 10.8%, UAE 9.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2004)
Netherlands Germany 17.9%, Belgium 9.9%, US 7.9%, China 7.4%, UK 6.4%, France 4.8% (2004)
Netherlands Antilles Venezuela 51.1%, US 21.9%, Netherlands 5% (2004)
New Caledonia France 40.3%, Singapore 10.9%, Australia 9.1%, New Zealand 4.9% (2004)
New Zealand Australia 22.4%, US 11.3%, Japan 11.2%, China 9.7%, Germany 5.2% (2004)
Nicaragua US 22.6%, Costa Rica 8.5%, Venezuela 8.4%, Guatemala 6.8%, Mexico 5.8%, El Salvador 4.9%, South Korea 4.5% (2004)
Niger France 14.4%, US 10.3%, French Polynesia 9.4%, Nigeria 7.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.5%, Japan 5.2%, China 5.1%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)
Nigeria China 9.4%, US 8.4%, UK 7.8%, Netherlands 5.9%, France 5.4%, Germany 4.9%, Italy 4% (2004)
Niue New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)
Norfolk Island Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe
Northern Mariana Islands US, Japan (2000)
Norway Sweden 15.7%, Germany 13.6%, Denmark 7.3%, UK 6.5%, China 5%, US 4.9%, Netherlands 4.4%, France 4.3%, Finland 4.1% (2004)
Oman UAE 21.2%, Japan 16.6%, UK 8.4%, Italy 6%, Germany 5.1%, US 4.7% (2004)
Pakistan Saudi Arabia 11.6%, UAE 10%, US 9.7%, China 8.4%, Japan 6.5%, Kuwait 5.6% (2004)
Palau US, Guam, Japan, Singapore, South Korea (2000)
Panama US 33.3%, Netherlands Antilles 8.1%, Japan 6%, Costa Rica 5.7%, Mexico 4.6%, Colombia 4.2% (2004)
Papua New Guinea Australia 46.4%, Singapore 21.6%, Japan 4.3%, New Zealand 4.2% (2004)
Paraguay Brazil 30.9%, Argentina 23.3%, China 16.6%, US 4% (2004)
Peru US 30.3%, Spain 11.5%, Chile 7.2%, Brazil 5.4%, Colombia 5.2% (2004)
Philippines US 18.8%, Japan 17.4%, Singapore 7.8%, Taiwan 7.3%, South Korea 6.2%, China 6%, Malaysia 4.5% (2004)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland Germany 24.4%, Italy 7.9%, Russia 7.3%, France 6.7%, China 4.6% (2004)
Portugal Spain 29.3%, Germany 14.3%, France 9.3%, Italy 6.1%, UK 4.6%, Netherlands 4.6% (2004)
Puerto Rico US 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2002 est.)
Qatar France 26.6%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 6.3%, Germany 5.2%, Japan 5.2%, UK 5.1% (2004)
Reunion France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)
Romania Italy 17.2%, Germany 14.9%, France 7.1%, Russia 6.8%, Turkey 4.2% (2004)
Russia Germany 15.3%, Ukraine 8.8%, China 6.9%, Japan 5.7%, Kazakhstan 5%, US 4.6%, Italy 4.6%, France 4.4% (2004)
Rwanda Kenya 24.4%, Germany 7.4%, Belgium 6.6%, Uganda 6.3%, France 5.1% (2004)
Saint Helena UK 35.7%, US 17.6%, South Africa 17.5%, Tanzania 10.4%, Australia 5.5%, Spain 4.1% (2004)
Saint Kitts and Nevis Ukraine 44.7%, US 22.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 8.8%, UK 6.2% (2004)
Saint Lucia US 27.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 20.4%, UK 8%, Venezuela 7.6%, Finland 7% (2004)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon France 37.6%, Canada 25.3%, Ireland 25.2%, Italy 5.1% (2004)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines US 37.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 21.3%, UK 10.5% (2004)
Samoa New Zealand 25.1%, Fiji 21.5%, Taiwan 9.1%, Australia 8.9%, Singapore 8.5%, Japan 7.5%, US 4.7% (2004)
Sao Tome and Principe Portugal 52.3%, Germany 9.5%, US 6%, Netherlands 4.8%, South Africa 4.3%, Belgium 4.1% (2004)
Saudi Arabia US 15.3%, Japan 9.8%, Germany 8.1%, China 6.6%, UK 5.7% (2004)
Senegal France 24.8%, Nigeria 11.9%, Thailand 6.1% (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro Germany 18.5%, Italy 16.5%, Austria 8.3%, Slovenia 6.7%, Bulgaria 4.7%, France 4.5% (2004)
Seychelles Saudi Arabia 15.5%, Spain 13.3%, France 10.3%, Singapore 7%, South Africa 6.8%, Italy 6.7%, UK 4.7% (2004)
Sierra Leone Germany 14%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.7%, UK 9.1%, US 8.4%, China 5.6%, Netherlands 5%, South Africa 4.1% (2004)
Singapore Malaysia 15.3%, US 12.7%, Japan 11.7%, China 9.9%, Taiwan 5.7%, South Korea 4.3%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)
Slovakia Germany 26.1%, Czech Republic 21.3%, Russia 9.1%, Austria 6.6%, Poland 4.9%, Italy 4.9% (2004)
Slovenia Germany 19.9%, Italy 17%, Austria 14.9%, France 10.2% (2004)
Solomon Islands Australia 24.6%, Singapore 23.1%, New Zealand 7.7%, Fiji 4.8%, Papua New Guinea 4.7% (2004)
Somalia Djibouti 30.1%, Kenya 13.7%, India 8.6%, Brazil 8.5%, Oman 4.4%, UAE 4.2% (2004)
South Africa Germany 14.2%, US 8.5%, China 7.5%, Japan 6.9%, UK 6.9%, France 6%, Saudi Arabia 5.6%, Iran 5% (2004)
Spain Germany 16.6%, France 15.8%, Italy 8.9%, UK 6.3%, Netherlands 4.8% (2004)
Sri Lanka India 18%, Singapore 8.7%, Hong Kong 7.7%, China 5.7%, Iran 5.2%, Japan 5.1%, Malaysia 4.1% (2004)
Sudan China 13%, Saudi Arabia 11.5%, UAE 5.9%, Egypt 5.1%, India 4.8%, Germany 4.5%, Australia 4.1%, Japan 4% (2004)
Suriname US 26.2%, Netherlands 19.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.5%, Japan 6.6%, China 4.6%, Brazil 4.2% (2004)
Swaziland South Africa 95.6%, EU 0.9%, Japan 0.9%, Singapore 0.3% (2004)
Sweden Germany 18.7%, Denmark 9.2%, Norway 7.6%, UK 7.5%, Netherlands 6.8%, Finland 6.4%, France 5.5%, Belgium 4% (2004)
Switzerland Germany 32.8%, Italy 11.3%, France 9.9%, US 5.2%, Netherlands 5%, Austria 4.3% (2004)
Syria Turkey 9.4%, Ukraine 8.7%, China 7.8%, Russia 5.4%, Saudi Arabia 5.2%, US 4.7%, South Korea 4.6%, Italy 4.3% (2004)
Taiwan Japan 26%, US 13%, China, including Hong Kong 11%, South Korea 6.9% (2004)
Tajikistan Russia 20.2%, Uzbekistan 14.2%, Kazakhstan 12.8%, Azerbaijan 7.2%, US 6.7%, China 4.8%, Ukraine 4.5% (2004)
Tanzania South Africa 13.1%, China 8.1%, India 6.6%, Kenya 5.6%, UAE 5.5%, US 4.9%, UK 4.8%, Bahrain 4.1% (2004)
Thailand Japan 23.6%, China 8.6%, US 7.6%, Malaysia 5.8%, Singapore 4.4%, Taiwan 4.1% (2004)
Togo China 25.5%, India 13.3%, France 11.5% (2004)
Tokelau New Zealand (2000)
Tonga New Zealand 37.1%, Fiji 24.3%, Australia 9.1%, China 8.9%, US 6.3% (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago US 23.9%, Venezuela 11.5%, Germany 11.2%, Brazil 10.7%, Spain 6.4%, Italy 5.1% (2004)
Tunisia France 25.1%, Italy 19%, Germany 8.5%, Spain 5.3% (2004)
Turkey Germany 12.9%, Russia 9.3%, Italy 7.1%, France 6.4%, US 4.8%, China 4.6%, UK 4.4% (2004)
Turkmenistan US 11.8%, Russia 9.7%, UAE 9.2%, Ukraine 9%, Turkey 8.6%, Germany 8%, France 5%, Georgia 4.6%, Iran 4.5% (2004)
Turks and Caicos Islands US, UK
Tuvalu Fiji 50.2%, Japan 18.1%, Australia 9.6%, China 8%, New Zealand 5.5% (2004)
Uganda Kenya 32.3%, UAE 7.3%, South Africa 6.5%, India 5.8%, China 5.6%, UK 5.1%, US 4.8%, Japan 4.8% (2004)
Ukraine Russia 41.8%, Germany 9.6%, Turkmenistan 6.7% (2004)
United Arab Emirates China 10%, India 9.8%, Japan 6.8%, Germany 6.5%, UK 6.2%, France 6.1%, US 6% (2004)
United Kingdom Germany 13%, US 9.3%, France 7.4%, Netherlands 6.6%, Belgium 4.9%, China 4.3%, Italy 4.3% (2004)
United States Canada 17%, China 13.8%, Mexico 10.3%, Japan 8.7%, Germany 5.2% (2004)
Uruguay Argentina 19.5%, Brazil 19%, Paraguay 12.9%, US 9.2%, China 6% (2004)
Uzbekistan Russia 26.8%, South Korea 12.6%, US 8%, Germany 7.7%, Kazakhstan 6.3%, China 5.8%, Turkey 5.1%, Ukraine 4.5% (2004)
Vanuatu Taiwan 24%, Australia 16.5%, Japan 11.4%, Singapore 8.5%, New Zealand 7.2%, Fiji 6.3%, US 4.4% (2004)
Venezuela US 28.8%, Colombia 9.9%, Brazil 7%, Mexico 4.1% (2004)
Vietnam China 13.7%, Taiwan 11.3%, South Korea 10.8%, Japan 10.5%, Singapore 10.5%, Thailand 6.2%, Hong Kong 4% (2004)
Virgin Islands US, Puerto Rico
Wallis and Futuna France 97%, Australia 2%, New Zealand 1%
West Bank Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)
Western Sahara Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
World Germany 9.4%, US 9.3%, China 8.5%, Japan 6.5%, France 4.5% (2004)
Yemen UAE 12.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.7%, China 8.8%, France 7.3%, India 4.4%, US 4.4%, Kuwait 4.2% (2004)
Zambia South Africa 46.2%, UK 14.2%, UAE 7.1%, Zimbabwe 6% (2004)
Zimbabwe South Africa 46.9%, Botswana 3.6%, UK 3.4% (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2062 Economic aid - donor
Australia ODA, $894 million (FY99/00)
Austria ODA, $520 million (2002)
Belgium ODA, $1.072 billion (2002)
Canada ODA, $2 billion (2004)
Denmark ODA, $1.63 billion (1999)
Finland ODA, $379 million (2001)
France ODA, $5.4 billion (2002)
Germany ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)
Iceland $NA
Ireland ODA, $283 million (2001)
Italy ODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)
Japan ODA, $7.9 billion (FY03/04)
Korea, South ODA $334 million (2003)
Lesotho ODA $4.4 million
Luxembourg ODA, $147 million (2002)
Netherlands ODA, $4 billion (2003 est.)
New Zealand ODA, $99.7 million
Norway ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)
Portugal ODA, $271 million (1995)
Saudi Arabia pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of Lebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million for assistance to the Palestinians; pledged $240 million to development in Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and soft loans to Iraq
Spain ODA, $1.33 billion (1999)
Sweden ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
Switzerland ODA, $1.1 billion (1995)
United Arab Emirates since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries (2004)
United Kingdom ODA, $4.2 billion (2004)
United States ODA, $6.9 billion (1997)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2063 Constitution
Afghanistan new constitution drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January 2004; signed 16 January 2004
Albania adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998
Algeria 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996
American Samoa ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967
Andorra Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993
Angola 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - new constitution has not yet been approved
Anguilla Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981
Argentina 1 May 1853; revised August 1994
Armenia adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995
Aruba 1 January 1986
Australia 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
Austria 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)
Azerbaijan adopted 12 November 1995
Bahamas, The 10 July 1973
Bahrain new constitution 14 February 2002
Bangladesh 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amended many times
Barbados 30 November 1966
Belarus 15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing presidential term limits
Belgium 7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to create a federal state
Belize 21 September 1981
Benin December 1990
Bermuda 8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003
Bhutan no written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001 the King commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in November 2004 presented a draft to the Council of Ministers; now awaiting referendum
Bolivia 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994
Bosnia and Herzegovina the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the entities also has its own constitution
Botswana March 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Brazil 5 October 1988
British Virgin Islands 1 June 1977
Brunei 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Bulgaria adopted 12 July 1991
Burkina Faso 2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991 formally adopted; amended April 2000
Burma 3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; national convention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution but collapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not include participation of democratic opposition
Burundi 13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisional constitution approved by the parliament which extended the transition; a 28 February 2005 popular referendum ratified the new constitution which set ethnic quotas for government positions, and tentatively scheduled general elections for April 2005
Cambodia promulgated 21 September 1993
Cameroon 20 May 1972 approved by referendum, 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996
Canada made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments
Cape Verde new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in 1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Cayman Islands 1959; revised 1972 and 1992
Central African Republic passed by referendum 5 December 2004
Chad passed by referendum 31 March 1996
Chile 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July 1989, 1993, and 1997
China most recent promulgation 4 December 1982
Christmas Island Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23 November 1953)
Colombia 5 July 1991
Comoros 23 December 2001
Congo, Democratic Republic of the new constitution adopted 17 July 2003
Congo, Republic of the approved by referendum 20 January 2002
Cook Islands 4 August 1965
Costa Rica 7 November 1949
Cote d'Ivoire new constitution adopted 4 August 2000
Croatia adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
Cuba 24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002
Cyprus 16 August 1960; from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974 Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in 1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5 May 1985
Czech Republic ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993
Denmark 5 June 1849 adoption of original constitution; a major overhaul of 5 June 1953 allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state
Djibouti multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
Dominica 3 November 1978
Dominican Republic 28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002
East Timor 22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Ecuador 10 August 1998
Egypt 11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980
El Salvador 23 December 1983
Equatorial Guinea approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995
Eritrea a transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet implemented
Estonia adopted 28 June 1992
Ethiopia ratified December 1994, effective 22 August 1995
European Union based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the Treaty of Nice in 2001; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty, signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 caused a suspension of the ratification process
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Faroe Islands 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Fiji promulgated on 25 July 1990; amended on 25 July 1997 to allow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998
Finland 1 March 2000
France adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October 1958; amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 Amsterdam Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in 1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to a five-year term
French Guiana 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
French Polynesia 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Gabon adopted 14 March 1991
Gambia, The 24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January 1997
Georgia adopted 24 August 1995
Germany 23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united German people 3 October 1990
Ghana approved 28 April 1992
Gibraltar 30 May 1969
Greece 11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001
Greenland 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Grenada 19 December 1973
Guadeloupe 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Guam Organic Act of 1 August 1950
Guatemala 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended 25 May 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993
Guernsey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Guinea 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Guinea-Bissau 16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996
Guyana 6 October 1980
Haiti approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989; in October 1991 government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in October 1994
Holy See (Vatican City) new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Honduras 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995
Hong Kong Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's National People's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"
Hungary 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system
Iceland 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times
India 26 January 1950; amended many times
Indonesia August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959
Iran 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership
Iraq interim constitution signed 8 March 2004; note - the Transitional Administrative Law (TAL) was enacted 8 March 2004 to govern the country until an elected Iraqi Government can draft and ratify a new constitution in 2005
Ireland adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937
Israel no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law
Italy passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended many times
Jamaica 6 August 1962
Japan 3 May 1947
Jersey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Jordan 1 January 1952; amended 1974, 1976, 1984
Kazakhstan first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
Kenya 12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001
Kiribati 12 July 1979
Korea, North adopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992, and September 1998
Korea, South 17 July 1948
Kuwait approved and promulgated 11 November 1962
Kyrgyzstan adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February 2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature
Laos promulgated 14 August 1991
Latvia 15 February 1922; an October 1998 amendment on Fundamental Human Rights replaced the 1991 Constitutional Law, which had supplemented the constitution
Lebanon 23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989
Lesotho 2 April 1993
Liberia 6 January 1986
Libya 11 December 1969; amended 2 March 1977
Liechtenstein 5 October 1921
Lithuania adopted 25 October 1992
Luxembourg 17 October 1868; occasional revisions
Macau Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Macedonia adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights
Madagascar 19 August 1992 by national referendum
Malawi 18 May 1994
Malaysia 31 August 1957; amended 16 September 1963
Maldives adopted 1 January 1998
Mali adopted 12 January 1992
Malta 1964 constitution; amended many times
Man, Isle of unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of 1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution
Marshall Islands 1 May 1979
Martinique 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Mauritania 12 July 1991
Mauritius 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Mayotte 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Mexico 5 February 1917
Micronesia, Federated States of 10 May 1979
Moldova new constitution adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979
Monaco 17 December 1962
Mongolia 12 February 1992
Montserrat effective 19 December 1989
Morocco 10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996
Mozambique 30 November 1990
Namibia ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990
Nauru 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
Nepal 9 November 1990
Netherlands adopted 1815; amended many times, last time 2002
Netherlands Antilles 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended
New Caledonia 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
New Zealand consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987
Nicaragua 9 January 1987; reforms in 1995 and 2000
Niger new constitution adopted 18 July 1999
Nigeria new constitution adopted May 1999
Niue 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Act of 1979
Northern Mariana Islands Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant Agreement effective 4 November 1986
Norway 17 May 1814; amended many times
Oman none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens
Pakistan 12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored 31 December 2002; amended 31 December 2003
Palau 1 January 1981
Panama 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004
Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975
Paraguay promulgated 20 June 1992
Peru 31 December 1993
Philippines 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Pitcairn Islands 30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964
Poland adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997, passed by national referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997
Portugal 25 April 1976; revised many times
Puerto Rico ratified 3 March 1952, approved by US Congress 3 July 1952, effective 25 July 1952
Qatar ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the Emir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
Reunion 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Romania 8 December 1991; revision effective 29 October 2003
Russia adopted 12 December 1993
Rwanda new constitution adopted 4 June 2003
Saint Helena 1 January 1989
Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983
Saint Lucia 22 February 1979
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979
Samoa 1 January 1962
San Marino 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Sao Tome and Principe approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990
Saudi Arabia governed according to Shari'a (Islamic law); the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was introduced in 1993
Senegal new constitution adopted 7 January 2001
Serbia and Montenegro 4 February 2003
Seychelles 18 June 1993
Sierra Leone 1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Singapore 3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)
Slovakia ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership
Slovenia adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991
Solomon Islands 7 July 1978
Somalia 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing
South Africa 10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3 February 1997; it is being implemented in phases
Spain 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
Sri Lanka adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978; new constitution proposed in 2002
Sudan 12 April 1973; suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR
Suriname ratified 30 September 1987
Swaziland a constitution was due to be adopted in November 2003 but was delayed and scheduled for early 2005
Sweden 1 January 1975
Switzerland revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, officially entered into force 1 January 2000
Syria 13 March 1973
Taiwan 25 December 1946; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, and 2000
Tajikistan 6 November 1994
Tanzania 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Thailand new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997
Togo multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Tokelau administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970
Tonga 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Trinidad and Tobago 1 August 1976
Tunisia 1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002
Turkey 7 November 1982
Turkmenistan adopted 18 May 1992
Turks and Caicos Islands introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in 1986; restored and revised 5 March 1988
Tuvalu 1 October 1978
Uganda 8 October 1995
Ukraine adopted 28 June 1996
United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971 (made permanent in 1996)
United Kingdom unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
United States 17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789
Uruguay 27 November 1966, effective February 1967; suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
Uzbekistan new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Vanuatu 30 July 1980
Venezuela 30 December 1999
Vietnam 15 April 1992
Virgin Islands Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954
Wallis and Futuna 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Yemen 16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
Zambia 24 August 1991
Zimbabwe 21 December 1979
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2064 Economic aid - recipient
Afghanistan international pledges made by more than 60 countries and international financial institutions at the Berlin Donors Conference for Afghan reconstruction in March 2004 reached $8.9 billion for 2004-09
Albania ODA: $315 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2000 est.)
Algeria $122.8 million (2002 est.)
American Samoa important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994
Andorra none
Angola $383.5 million (1999)
Anguilla $9 million (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda $2.3 million (1995)
Argentina $10 billion (2001 est.)
Armenia ODA $170 million (2000)
Aruba $26 million (1995); note - the Netherlands provided a $127 million aid package to Aruba and Suriname in 1996
Azerbaijan ODA, $140 million (2000 est.)
Bahamas, The $9.8 million (1995)
Bahrain $150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from each of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Kuwait (2002)
Bangladesh $1.575 billion (2000 est.)
Barbados $9.1 million (1995)
Belarus $194.3 million (1995)
Belize NA
Benin $342.6 million (2000)
Bermuda NA
Bhutan substantial aid from India and other nations
Bolivia $681 million (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $650 million (2001 est.)
Botswana $73 million (1995)
Brazil $30 billion (2002)
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei NA
Bulgaria $300 million (2000 est.)
Burkina Faso $484.1 million (1995)
Burma $127 million (2001 est.)
Burundi $92.7 million (2000)
Cambodia $504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2005 by international donors
Cameroon on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion
Cape Verde $136 million (1999)
Cayman Islands NA
Central African Republic ODA $73 million; note - traditional budget subsidies from France (2000 est.)
Chad $238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $150 million (2001 est.)
Chile ODA, $0 (2002)
China NA
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia NA
Comoros $10 million (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $195.3 million (1995)
Congo, Republic of the $159.1 million (1995)
Cook Islands $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995)
Cote d'Ivoire ODA, $1 billion (1996 est.)
Croatia ODA $166.5 million (2002)
Cuba $68.2 million (1997 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus - $17 million (1998); north Cyprus - $700 million from Turkey in grants and loans, which are usually forgiven (2003)
Czech Republic $2.4 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)
Djibouti $36 million (2001)
Dominica $22.8 million (2003 est.)
Dominican Republic $239.6 million (1995)
East Timor $2.2 billion (1999-2002 est.)
Ecuador $216 million (2002)
Egypt ODA, $1.12 billion (2002)
El Salvador $125 million of which, $53 million from US (2003)
Equatorial Guinea $33.8 million (1995)
Eritrea $77 million (1999)
Estonia $108 million (2000)
Ethiopia $308 million (FY00/01)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $0 (1997 est.)
Faroe Islands $135 million (annual subsidy from Denmark) (1998)
Fiji $40.3 million (1995)
French Guiana NA
French Polynesia $367 million (1997)
Gabon $331 million (1995)
Gambia, The $45.4 million (1995)
Gaza Strip $2 billion (includes West Bank) (2004 est.)
Georgia ODA $150 million (2000 est.)
Ghana $6.9 billion (1999)
Gibraltar $NA
Greece $8 billion from EU (2000-06)
Greenland $380 million subsidy from Denmark (1997)
Grenada $8.3 million (1995)
Guadeloupe NA; note - substantial annual French subsidies (2004)
Guam Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal Treasury ($143 million in 1997) into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam (2001 est.)
Guatemala $250 million (2000 est.)
Guernsey NA
Guinea $359.2 million (1998)
Guinea-Bissau $115.4 million (1995)
Guyana $84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) $253 million (1997)
Haiti $150 million (FY04 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) none
Honduras $557.8 million (1999)
Hungary $4.2 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)
India $2.9 billion (FY98/99)
Indonesia $43 billion note: Indonesia finished its IMF program in December 2003 but still receives bilateral aid through the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI), which pledged $2.8 billion in grants and loans for 2004 and again in 2005; nearly $4 billion in aid money pledged by a variety of foreign governments and other groups following the 2004 tsunami; money is slated for use in relief and rebuilding efforts in Aceh.
Iran $408 million (2002 est.)
Iraq more than $33 billion in foreign aid pledged for 2004-07 (2004)
Israel $662 million from US (2003 est.)
Jamaica $16 million (2003)
Jersey none
Jordan ODA, $500 million (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan $74.2 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000 (FY2004)
Kenya $453 million (1997)
Kiribati $15.5 million largely from UK and Japan (2001 est.)
Korea, North NA; note - over $117 million in food aid through the World Food Program in 2003 plus additional aid from bilateral donors and non-governmental organizations
Kuwait NA (2001)
Kyrgyzstan $50 million from the US (2001)
Laos $243 million (2001 est.)
Latvia $96.2 million (1995)
Lebanon $2.2 billion received (2003), out of the $4.2 billion in soft loans pledged at the November 2002 Paris II Aid Conference
Lesotho $41.5 million (2000)
Liberia $94 million (1999)
Libya $4.4 million ODA (2002)
Liechtenstein none
Lithuania $228.5 million (1995)
Macau NA
Macedonia $250 million (2003 est.)
Madagascar $354 million (2001)
Malawi $540 million (1999)
Maldives NA (1995)
Mali $596.4 million (2001)
Malta NA
Man, Isle of NA
Marshall Islands more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002
Martinique NA; note - substantial annual aid from France (1998)
Mauritania $220 million (2000)
Mauritius $42 million (1997)
Mayotte $107.7 million; note - extensive French financial assistance (1995)
Mexico $1.166 billion (1995)
Micronesia, Federated States of under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001; the level of aid has been subsequently reduced
Moldova $100 million (2000)
Monaco NA
Mongolia $215 million (2003)
Montserrat Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance (2002 est.)
Morocco ODA $218 million (2002)
Mozambique $632.8 million (2001)
Namibia ODA $160 million (2000 est.)
Nauru $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Nepal $424 million (FY00/01)
Netherlands Antilles IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million (2000)
New Caledonia $880 million annual subsidy from France (1998)
Nicaragua $541.8 million (2003)
Niger $341 million (1997)
Nigeria IMF $250 million (1998)
Niue $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands extensive funding from US
Oman $76.4 million (1995)
Pakistan $2.4 billion (FY01/02)
Palau $155.8 million ; note - the Compact of Free Association with the US, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994, provides Palau with up to $700 million in US aid over 15 years in return for furnishing military facilities
Panama $197.1 million (1995)
Papua New Guinea $400 million (1999 est.)
Paraguay NA
Peru $491 million (2002)
Philippines ODA commitments, $2 billion (2004)
Pitcairn Islands $3.465 million (2004)
Poland $17 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)
Puerto Rico NA (2001)
Qatar NA
Reunion NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001 est.)
Russia in FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million in non-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million (2000 est.)
Rwanda $372.9 million (1999)
Saint Helena $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis $8 million (2001)
Saint Lucia $51.8 million (1995)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $47.5 million (1995); note - EU $34.5 million (1998)
Samoa $42.9 million (1995)
San Marino $NA
Sao Tome and Principe $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program
Senegal $362.6 million (2002 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro $2 billion pledged in 2001 (disbursements to follow for several years)
Seychelles $16.4 million (1995)
Sierra Leone $103 million (2001 est.)
Singapore NA
Slovakia $2.2 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)
Slovenia ODA, $62 million (2000 est.)
Solomon Islands $28 million annually, mainly from Australia (2003 est.)
Somalia $60 million (1999 est.)
South Africa $487.5 million (2000)
Sri Lanka $577 million (1998)
Sudan $172 million (2001)
Suriname Netherlands provided $37 million for project and program assistance, European Development Fund $4 million, Belgium $2 million (1998)
Svalbard $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Swaziland $104 million (2001)
Syria $180 million (2002 est.)
Tajikistan $60.7 million from US (2001)
Tanzania $1.2 billion (2001)
Thailand $72 million (2002)
Togo ODA $80 million (2000 est.)
Tokelau from New Zealand about $4 million annually
Tonga Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)
Trinidad and Tobago $24 million (1999 est.)
Tunisia $114.6 million (2002)
Turkey ODA, $635.8 million (2002)
Turkmenistan $16 million from the US (2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands $4.1 million (1997)
Tuvalu $13 million; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.)
Uganda $1.4 billion (2000)
Ukraine $637.7 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2 billion (1998)
Uruguay NA
Uzbekistan $87.4 million from the US (2003)
Vanuatu $27.5 million (2002)
Venezuela $74 million (2000)
Vietnam $2.8 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 2000 (2004)
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna assistance from France
West Bank $2 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2004 est.)
Western Sahara NA
World $154 billion official development assistance (ODA) (2004)
Yemen $2.3 billion (2003-07 disbursements) (2003-07 disbursements)
Zambia $651 million (2000 est.)
Zimbabwe $178 million; note - the EU and the US provide food aid on humanitarian grounds (2000 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2065 Currency (code)
Afghanistan afghani (AFA)
Albania lek (ALL)
Algeria Algerian dinar (DZD)
American Samoa US dollar (USD)
Andorra euro (EUR)
Angola kwanza (AOA)
Anguilla East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Argentina Argentine peso (ARS)
Armenia dram (AMD)
Aruba Aruban guilder/florin (AWG)
Australia Australian dollar (AUD)
Austria euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; as of 1 January 2002, the euro became the only legal tender in EMU member countries, including Austria
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat (AZM)
Bahamas, The Bahamian dollar (BSD)
Bahrain Bahraini dinar (BHD)
Bangladesh taka (BDT)
Barbados Barbadian dollar (BBD)
Belarus Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)
Belgium euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Belize Belizean dollar (BZD)
Benin Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Bermuda Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Bhutan ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR)
Bolivia boliviano (BOB)
Bosnia and Herzegovina marka (BAM)
Botswana pula (BWP)
Brazil real (BRL)
British Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)
Brunei Bruneian dollar (BND)
Bulgaria lev (BGL)
Burkina Faso Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Burma kyat (MMK)
Burundi Burundi franc (BIF)
Cambodia riel (KHR)
Cameroon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Canada Canadian dollar (CAD)
Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
Cayman Islands Caymanian dollar (KYD)
Central African Republic Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Chad Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Chile Chilean peso (CLP)
China yuan (CNY) note:: also referred to as the Renminbi (RMB)
Christmas Island Australian dollar (AUD)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australian dollar (AUD)
Colombia Colombian peso (COP)
Comoros Comoran franc (KMF)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congolese franc (CDF)
Congo, Republic of the Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Cook Islands New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Costa Rica Costa Rican colon (CRC)
Cote d'Ivoire Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Croatia kuna (HRK)
Cuba Cuban peso (CUP) and Convertible peso (CUC)
Cyprus Greek Cypriot area: Cypriot pound (CYP); Turkish Cypriot area: Turkish lira (TRL)
Czech Republic Czech koruna (CZK)
Denmark Danish krone (DKK)
Djibouti Djiboutian franc (DJF)
Dominica East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Dominican Republic Dominican peso (DOP)
East Timor US dollar (USD)
Ecuador US dollar (USD)
Egypt Egyptian pound (EGP)
El Salvador US dollar (USD)
Equatorial Guinea Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Eritrea nakfa (ERN)
Estonia Estonian kroon (EEK)
Ethiopia birr (ETB)
European Union euro, British pound, Danish kroner, Swedish kroner, Cypriot pound, koruny (Czech Republic), krooni (Estonia), forint (Hungary), lati (Latvia), litai (Lithuania), Maltese liri, zloty (Poland), koruny (Slovakia), tolar (Slovenia)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Falkland pound (FKP)
Faroe Islands Danish krone (DKK)
Fiji Fijian dollar (FJD)
Finland euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
France euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
French Guiana euro (EUR)
French Polynesia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
Gabon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Gambia, The dalasi (GMD)
Gaza Strip new Israeli shekel (ILS)
Georgia lari (GEL)
Germany euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Ghana cedi (GHC)
Gibraltar Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Greece euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Greenland Danish krone (DKK)
Grenada East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Guadeloupe euro (EUR)
Guam US dollar (USD)
Guatemala quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD), others allowed
Guernsey British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Guernsey pound
Guinea Guinean franc (GNF)
Guinea-Bissau Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States; previously the Guinea-Bissau peso (GWP) was used
Guyana Guyanese dollar (GYD)
Haiti gourde (HTG)
Holy See (Vatican City) euro (EUR)
Honduras lempira (HNL)
Hong Kong Hong Kong dollar (HKD)
Hungary forint (HUF)
Iceland Icelandic krona (ISK)
India Indian rupee (INR)
Indonesia Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
Iran Iranian rial (IRR)
Iraq New Iraqi dinar (NID) as of 22 January 2004
Ireland euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Israel new Israeli shekel (ILS); note - NIS is the currency abbreviation; ILS is the International Organization for Standarization (ISO) code for the NIS
Italy euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Jamaica Jamaican dollar (JMD)
Japan yen (JPY)
Jersey British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Jersey pound
Jordan Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Kazakhstan tenge (KZT)
Kenya Kenyan shilling (KES)
Kiribati Australian dollar (AUD)
Korea, North North Korean won (KPW)
Korea, South South Korean won (KRW)
Kuwait Kuwaiti dinar (KD)
Kyrgyzstan
Laos kip (LAK)
Latvia Latvian lat (LVL)
Lebanon Lebanese pound (LBP)
Lesotho loti (LSL); South African rand (ZAR)
Liberia Liberian dollar (LRD)
Libya Libyan dinar (LYD)
Liechtenstein Swiss franc (CHF)
Lithuania litas (LTL)
Luxembourg euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Macau pataca (MOP)
Macedonia Macedonian denar (MKD)
Madagascar Madagascar ariary (MGA)
Malawi Malawian kwacha (MWK)
Malaysia ringgit (MYR)
Maldives rufiyaa (MVR)
Mali Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Malta Maltese lira (MTL)
Man, Isle of British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Manx pound
Marshall Islands US dollar (USD)
Martinique euro (EUR)
Mauritania ouguiya (MRO)
Mauritius Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Mayotte euro (EUR)
Mexico Mexican peso (MXN)
Micronesia, Federated States of US dollar (USD)
Moldova Moldovan leu (MDL)
Monaco euro (EUR)
Mongolia togrog/tugrik (MNT)
Montserrat East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Morocco Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Mozambique metical (MZM)
Namibia Namibian dollar (NAD); South African rand (ZAR)
Nauru Australian dollar (AUD)
Nepal Nepalese rupee (NPR)
Netherlands euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)
New Caledonia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
New Zealand New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Nicaragua gold cordoba (NIO)
Niger Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Nigeria naira (NGN)
Niue New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Norfolk Island Australian dollar (AUD)
Northern Mariana Islands US dollar (USD)
Norway Norwegian krone (NOK)
Oman Omani rial (OMR)
Pakistan Pakistani rupee (PKR)
Palau US dollar (USD)
Panama balboa (PAB); US dollar (USD)
Papua New Guinea kina (PGK)
Paraguay guarani (PYG)
Peru nuevo sol (PEN)
Philippines Philippine peso (PHP)
Pitcairn Islands New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Poland zloty (PLN)
Portugal euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Puerto Rico US dollar (USD)
Qatar Qatari rial (QAR)
Reunion euro (EUR)
Romania leu (ROL)
Russia Russian ruble (RUR)
Rwanda Rwandan franc (RWF)
Saint Helena Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
Saint Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Saint Lucia East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon euro (EUR)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Samoa tala (SAT)
San Marino euro (EUR)
Sao Tome and Principe dobra (STD)
Saudi Arabia Saudi riyal (SAR)
Senegal Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Serbia and Montenegro new Yugoslav dinar (YUM); note - in Montenegro the euro is legal tender; in Kosovo both the euro and the Yugoslav dinar are legal
Seychelles Seychelles rupee (SCR)
Sierra Leone leone (SLL)
Singapore Singapore dollar (SGD)
Slovakia Slovak koruna (SKK)
Slovenia tolar (SIT)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands dollar (SBD)
Somalia Somali shilling (SOS)
South Africa rand (ZAR)
Spain euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions with the member countries
Sri Lanka Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)
Sudan Sudanese dinar (SDD)
Suriname Surinam dollar (SRD)
Svalbard Norwegian krone (NOK)
Swaziland lilangeni (SZL)
Sweden Swedish krona (SEK)
Switzerland Swiss franc (CHF)
Syria Syrian pound (SYP)
Taiwan new Taiwan dollar (TWD)
Tajikistan somoni
Tanzania Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Thailand baht (THB)
Togo Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Tokelau New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Tonga pa'anga (TOP)
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Tunisia Tunisian dinar (TND)
Turkey Turkish lira (TRL), New Turkish lira (YTL) after 1 January 2005
Turkmenistan Turkmen manat (TMM)
Turks and Caicos Islands US dollar (USD)
Tuvalu Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar
Uganda Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Ukraine hryvnia (UAH)
United Arab Emirates Emirati dirham (AED)
United Kingdom British pound (GBP)
United States US dollar (USD)
Uruguay Uruguayan peso (UYU)
Uzbekistan Uzbekistani sum (UZS)
Vanuatu vatu (VUV)
Venezuela bolivar (VEB)
Vietnam dong (VND)
Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)
Wallis and Futuna Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
West Bank new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Western Sahara Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Yemen Yemeni rial (YER)
Zambia Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Zimbabwe Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2066 Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)
Afghanistan 20.75 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Albania 5.12 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Algeria 4.6 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
American Samoa 3.33 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Andorra 6.07 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Angola 25.9 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Anguilla 5.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Argentina 7.56 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Armenia 8.16 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Aruba 6.57 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Australia 7.44 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Austria 9.7 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan 9.86 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bahrain 4.08 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bangladesh 8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Barbados 9.17 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Belarus 14.15 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Belgium 10.22 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Belize 6.04 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Benin 13.76 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bermuda 7.63 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bhutan 12.94 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bolivia 7.64 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.44 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Botswana 29.36 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Brazil 6.15 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands 4.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Brunei 3.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bulgaria 14.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso 18.86 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Burma 12.15 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Burundi 17.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cambodia 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cameroon 15.4 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Canada 7.73 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cape Verde 6.62 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cayman Islands 4.81 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Central African Republic 20.27 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Chad 16.41 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Chile 5.76 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
China 6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 5.59 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Comoros 8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 14.82 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica 4.33 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 14.94 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Croatia 11.38 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cuba 7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cyprus 7.64 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Czech Republic 10.54 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Denmark 10.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Djibouti 19.39 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Dominica 6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic 7.35 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
East Timor 6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ecuador 4.24 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Egypt 5.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
El Salvador 5.85 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 12 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Eritrea 13.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Estonia 13.21 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ethiopia 15.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
European Union 10.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Faroe Islands 8.69 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Fiji 5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Finland 9.79 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
France 9.08 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
French Guiana 4.85 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
French Polynesia 4.63 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gabon 11.72 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gambia, The 11.81 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip 3.87 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Georgia 9.09 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Germany 10.55 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ghana 10.84 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gibraltar 9.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Greece 10.15 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Greenland 7.77 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Grenada 7.17 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe 6.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guam 4.41 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guatemala 6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guernsey 9.95 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guinea 15.38 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 16.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guyana 8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Haiti 12.34 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Honduras 6.87 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Hong Kong 5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Hungary 13.19 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iceland 6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
India 8.28 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Indonesia 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iran 5.55 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iraq 5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ireland 7.85 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Israel 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Italy 10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jamaica 5.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Japan 8.95 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jersey 9.19 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jordan 2.63 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan 9.46 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kenya 14.65 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kiribati 8.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Korea, North 7.05 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Korea, South 6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kuwait 2.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 7.13 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Laos 11.83 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Latvia 13.7 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lebanon 6.24 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lesotho 25.03 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Liberia 17.87 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Libya 3.48 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein 7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lithuania 10.92 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Luxembourg 8.41 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Macau 4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Macedonia 8.73 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Madagascar 11.35 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malawi 23.39 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malaysia 5.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Maldives 7.24 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mali 19.05 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malta 8 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of 11.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands 4.88 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Martinique 6.44 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mauritania 12.44 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mauritius 6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mayotte 7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mexico 4.73 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 4.87 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Moldova 12.79 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Monaco 12.71 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mongolia 7.03 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Montserrat 7.17 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Morocco 5.64 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mozambique 20.99 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Namibia 18.36 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nauru 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nepal 9.47 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Netherlands 8.68 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
New Caledonia 5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
New Zealand 7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nicaragua 4.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Niger 21.33 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nigeria 17.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Niue NA deaths/1,000 population
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands 2.3 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Norway 9.45 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Oman 3.86 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pakistan 8.45 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Palau 6.85 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Panama 6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea 7.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Paraguay 4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Peru 6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Philippines 5.47 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 10.01 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Portugal 10.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico 7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Qatar 4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Reunion 5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Romania 11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Russia 14.52 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Rwanda 16.32 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Helena 6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.47 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia 5.12 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Samoa 6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
San Marino 8.07 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia 2.62 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Senegal 10.6 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 10.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Seychelles 6.34 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone 20.61 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Singapore 4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Slovakia 9.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Slovenia 10.22 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands 3.98 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Somalia 16.97 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
South Africa 21.32 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Spain 9.63 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka 6.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sudan 9.16 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Suriname 7.16 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Svalbard NA deaths/1,000 population
Swaziland 25.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sweden 10.36 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Switzerland 8.48 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Syria 4.88 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Taiwan 6.38 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tajikistan 8.39 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tanzania 16.71 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Thailand 7.02 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Togo 11.8 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga 5.35 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 9.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tunisia 5.09 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turkey 5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan 8.78 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 4.28 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tuvalu 7.22 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uganda 12.8 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ukraine 16.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates 4.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United Kingdom 10.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United States 8.25 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uruguay 9.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan 7.95 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Vanuatu 7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Venezuela 4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Vietnam 6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands 6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA deaths/1,000 population
West Bank 3.99 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Western Sahara NA deaths/1,000 population
World 8.78 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Yemen 8.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Zambia 20.23 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe 24.66 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2067 Military expenditures - dollar figure
Afghanistan $188.4 million (2004)
Albania $56.5 million (FY02)
Algeria $2.48 billion (2004)
Angola $183.58 million (2004)
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina $4.3 billion (FY99)
Armenia $135 million (FY01)
Australia $16.65 billion (2004)
Austria $1.497 billion (FY01/02)
Azerbaijan $121 million (FY99)
Bahamas, The NA
Bahrain $628.9 million (2004)
Bangladesh $995.3 million (2004)
Barbados NA
Belarus $176.1 million (FY02)
Belgium $3.999 billion (2003)
Belize $18 million (2003)
Benin $96.5 million (2004)
Bermuda $4.03 million (2001)
Bhutan $13.7 million (2004)
Bolivia $132.2 million (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $234.3 million (FY02)
Botswana $338.5 million (2004)
Brazil $11 billion (2004)
Brunei $290.7 million (2004)
Bulgaria $356 million (FY02)
Burkina Faso $64.2 million (2004)
Burma $39 million (FY97)
Burundi $38.7 million (2004)
Cambodia $112 million (FY01 est.)
Cameroon $221.1 million (2004)
Canada $9,801.7 million (2003)
Cape Verde $14.1 million (2004)
Central African Republic $15.5 million (2004)
Chad $101.3 million (2004)
Chile $3.42 billion (2004)
China $67.49 billion (2004)
Colombia $3.3 billion (FY01)
Comoros $11.6 million (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $93.5 million (2004)
Congo, Republic of the $126.5 million (2004)
Costa Rica $64.2 million (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire $180.2 million (2004)
Croatia $620 million (2004)
Cuba $572.3 million (2003)
Cyprus $384 million (FY02)
Czech Republic $2.17 billion (2004)
Denmark $3,271.6 million (2003)
Djibouti $28.6 million (2004)
Dominica NA
Dominican Republic $180 million (1998)
East Timor $4.4 million (FY03)
Ecuador $655 million (2004)
Egypt $2.44 billion (2003)
El Salvador $157 million (2003)
Equatorial Guinea $126.2 million (2004)
Eritrea $151 million (2004)
Estonia $155 million (2002 est.)
Ethiopia $337.1 million (2004)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands $NA
Fiji $36 million (2004)
Finland $1.8 billion (FY98/99)
France $45,238.1 million (2003)
French Guiana $NA
Gabon $184.8 million (2004)
Gambia, The $1 million (2004)
Gaza Strip NA
Georgia $23 million (FY00)
Germany $35.063 billion (2003)
Ghana $49.2 million (2004)
Greece $5.89 billion (2004)
Grenada NA
Guatemala $201.9 million (2004)
Guinea $56.7 million (2004)
Guinea-Bissau $8.9 million (2004)
Guyana $6.5 million (2003)
Haiti $26 million (2003)
Honduras $100.6 million (2004)
Hong Kong Hong Kong garrison is funded by China; figures are NA
Hungary $1.08 billion (2002 est.)
Iceland 0
India $18.86 billion (2005)
Indonesia $1.3 billion (2004)
Iran $4.3 billion (2003 est.)
Iraq $1.3 billion (FY00)
Ireland $700 million (FY00/01)
Israel $9.11 billion (FY03)
Italy $28,182.8 million (2003)
Jamaica $31.2 million (2003)
Japan $45.841 billion (2004)
Jordan $1.46 billion (2004)
Kazakhstan $221.8 million (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)
Kenya $177.1 million (2004)
Kiribati NA
Korea, North $5,217.4 million (FY02)
Korea, South $16.18 billion (2004)
Kuwait $2,584.5 million (2004)
Kyrgyzstan $19.2 million (FY01)
Laos $10.7 million (2004)
Latvia $87 million (FY01)
Lebanon $540.6 million (2002) (2004)
Lesotho $32.3 million (2004)
Liberia $1.5 million (2004)
Libya $1.3 billion (FY99)
Lithuania $230.8 million (FY01)
Luxembourg $231.6 million (2003)
Macedonia $200 million (FY01/02 est.)
Madagascar $44.6 million (2004)
Malawi $11.1 million (2004)
Malaysia $1.69 billion (FY00 est.)
Maldives $41.1 million (2004)
Mali $22.4 million (2004)
Malta $31.1 million (2004)
Marshall Islands NA
Mauritania $20.8 million (2004)
Mauritius $12.5 million (2004)
Mexico $6.043 billion (2004)
Moldova $8.7 million (2004)
Mongolia $23.1 million (FY02)
Morocco $2,305.6 million (2003)
Mozambique $117.3 million (2004)
Namibia $168.4 million (2004)
Nauru NA
Nepal $99.2 million (2004)
Netherlands $9.408 billion (2004)
New Caledonia $NA
New Zealand $1.147 billion (FY03/04)
Nicaragua $32.8 million (2004)
Niger $33.3 million (2004)
Nigeria $544.6 million (2004)
Norway $4,033.5 million (2003)
Oman $252.99 million (2004)
Pakistan $3.848 billion (2004)
Palau NA
Panama $147 million (2004)
Papua New Guinea $16.9 million (2003)
Paraguay $53.1 million (2004)
Peru $829.3 million (2003)
Philippines $805.5 million (2004)
Poland $3.5 billion (2002)
Portugal $3,497.8 million (2003)
Qatar $723 million (FY00)
Romania $985 million (2002)
Russia NA
Rwanda $50.1 million (2004)
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA
Samoa NA
San Marino $700,000 (FY00/01)
Sao Tome and Principe $700,000 (2004)
Saudi Arabia $18 billion (2002)
Senegal $107.3 million (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro $654 million (2002)
Seychelles $12.3 million (2004)
Sierra Leone $13.2 million (2004)
Singapore $4.47 billion (FY01 est.)
Slovakia $406 million (2002)
Slovenia $370 million (FY00)
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia $18.9 million (2003)
South Africa $3.172 billion (2004)
Spain $9,906.5 million (2003)
Sri Lanka $514.8 million (2004)
Sudan $587 million (2001 est.) (2004)
Suriname $7.5 million (2003)
Swaziland $40.5 million (2004)
Sweden $5.729 billion (2004)
Switzerland $2.548 billion (FY01)
Syria $858 million (FY00 est.); note - based on official budget data that may understate actual spending
Taiwan $7.574 billion (2003)
Tajikistan $35.4 million (FY01)
Tanzania $20.6 million (2004)
Thailand $1.775 billion (FY00)
Togo $35.5 million (2004)
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago $66.7 million (2003)
Tunisia $356 million (FY99)
Turkey $12.155 billion (2003)
Turkmenistan $90 million (FY99)
Tuvalu NA
Uganda $170.3 million (2004)
Ukraine $617.9 million (FY02)
United Arab Emirates $1.6 billion (FY00)
United Kingdom $42,836.5 million (2003)
United States $370.7 billion (FY04 est.) (March 2003)
Uruguay $257.5 million (2004)
Uzbekistan $200 million (FY97)
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela $1.687 billion (2004)
Vietnam $650 million (FY98)
West Bank NA
World aggregate real expenditure on arms worldwide in 1999 remained at approximately the 1998 level, about three-quarters of a trillion dollars (1999 est.)
Yemen $885.5 million (2003)
Zambia $106.8 million (2004)
Zimbabwe $217 million (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2068 Dependent areas
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island
France Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica
Netherlands Aruba, Netherlands Antilles
New Zealand Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
Norway Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
United Kingdom Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena and Ascension, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
United States American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political units: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2070 Disputes - international
Afghanistan the UN has been able to repatriate over two million Afghan refugees but several million more continue to reside in Iran and Pakistan in camps and elsewhere, many at their own choosing; Coalition and Pakistani forces continue to patrol remote tribal areas to control the borders and stem organized terrorist and other illegal cross-border activities; regular meetings between Pakistani and Coalition allies aim to resolve periodic claims of boundary encroachments; occasional conflicts over water-sharing arrangements with Amu Darya and Helmand River states
Albania the Albanian Government calls for the protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians in neighboring countries, and the peaceful resolution of interethnic disputes; some ethnic Albanian groups in neighboring countries advocate for a "greater Albania," but the idea has little appeal among Albanian nationals; thousands of unemployed Albanians emigrate annually to nearby Italy and other developed countries
Algeria Algeria supports the exiled Sahrawi Polisario Front and rejects Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation has accused the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; in an attempt to improve relations after unilaterally imposing a visa requirement on Algerians in the early 1990s, Morocco lifted the requirement in mid-2004 - a gesture not reciprocated by Algeria; Algeria remains concerned about armed bandits operating throughout the Sahel who sometimes destabilize southern Algerian towns; dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco
American Samoa none
Andorra none
Angola 90,000 Angolan refugees were repatriated by 2004, the remaining refugees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia are expected to return in 2005; many Cabinda exclave secessionists have sought shelter in neighboring states
Anguilla none
Antarctica Antarctic Treaty freezes claims (see Antarctic Treaty Summary in Government type entry); Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK claim land and maritime sectors (some overlapping) for a large portion of the continent; the US and many other states do not recognize these territorial claims and have made no claims themselves (the US and Russia reserve the right to do so); no claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west; several states with territorial claims in Antarctica have expressed their intention to submit data to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to extend their continental shelf claims to adjoining undersea ridges
Antigua and Barbuda none
Arctic Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Argentina Argentina claims the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution; it briefly occupied the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed no longer to seek settlement by force; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims (see Antarctic disputes); unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question
Armenia Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s, has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; border with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; ethnic Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy; tens of thousands of Armenians emigrate, primarily to Russia, to seek employment
Aruba none
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Atlantic Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Australia East Timor and Australia continue to meet but disagree over how to delimit a permanent maritime boundary and share unexploited petroleum resources that fall outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty; East Timor dispute hampers creation of a revised maritime boundary with Indonesia (see also Ashmore and Cartier Islands dispute); regional states express concern over Australia's 2004 declaration of a 1,000-nautical mile-wide maritime indentification zone; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica (see Antarctica); in 2004 Australia submitted claims to UNCLOS to extend its continental margin from both its mainland and Antarctic claims
Austria none
Azerbaijan Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratify Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifth allocation and challenges Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters; bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian; Azerbaijan and Georgia cannot resolve the alignment of their boundary at certain crossing areas
Bahamas, The have not been able to agree on the alignment of a maritime boundary with the US; continues to monitor and interdict Haitian refugees fleeing economic privation and political instability
Bahrain none
Baker Island none
Bangladesh discussions with India remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, exchange 162 miniscule enclaves in both countries, allocate divided villages, and stop illegal cross-border trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists through the porous border; Bangladesh protests India's attempts to fence off high-traffic sections of the porous boundary; a joint Bangladesh-India boundary inspection in 2005 revealed 92 pillars are missing; dispute with India over New Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island in the Bay of Bengal deters maritime boundary delimitation; Burmese Muslim refugees strain Bangladesh's meager resources
Barbados in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration that will result in a binding award challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters and the southern limit of Barbadian traditional fishing; joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea
Bassas da India claimed by Madagascar
Belarus 1997 boundary treaty with Ukraine remains unratified over unresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and diminishing border security; boundary with Latvia remains undemarcated but a third of the border with Lithuania was demarcated in 2004
Belgium none
Belize Guatemalan squatters continue to settle in the largely uninhabited rain forests of Belize's border region; OAS is attempting to revive the 2002 failed Differendum that created a small adjustment to land boundary, a Guatemalan maritime corridor in Caribbean, joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays, and substantial US-UK financial package
Benin two villages remain in dispute along the border with Burkina Faso; accuses Burkina Faso of moving boundary pillars; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated, and the states expect a ruling in 2005 from the ICJ over the disputed Niger and Mekrou River islands; a joint task force was established in 2004 that resolved disputes over and redrew the maritime and the 870-km land boundary with Nigeria, including the sovereignty over seven villages along the Okpara River; a joint boundary commission continues to resurvey the boundary with Togo to verify Benin's claim that Togo moved boundary stones
Bermuda none
Bhutan approximately 104,000 Bhutanese refugees live in Nepal, 90% of whom reside in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees camps; Bhutan cooperates with India to expel Indian separatists
Bolivia Chile rebuffs Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, offering instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile for Bolivian natural gas and other commodities
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia and Montenegro have delimited most of their boundary, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute; discussions continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the boundary
Botswana commission established with Namibia has yet to resolve small residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; downstream Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam at Popavalle (Popa Falls); Botswana has built electric fences to stem the thousands of Zimbabweans who flee to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has long supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing their short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia boundary
Bouvet Island none
Brazil unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute with Uruguay over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada boundary streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina; in 2004 Brazil submitted its claims to UNCLOS to extend its maritime continental margin
British Indian Ocean Territory Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; the UK resists the Chagossians' demand for an immediate return to the islands; repatriation is complicated by the exclusive US military lease of Diego Garcia that restricts access to the largest island in the chain
British Virgin Islands none
Brunei in 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their disputed offshore and deepwater seabeds and negotiations have stalemated prompting consideration of international legal adjudication; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants
Bulgaria none
Burkina Faso two villages are in dispute along the border with Benin; Benin accuses Burkina Faso of moving boundary pillars; Burkina Faso border regions remain a staging area for Liberia and Cote d'Ivoire rebels and an asylum for refugees caught in local fighting; the Ivoirian Government accuses Burkina Faso of sheltering Ivoirian rebels
Burma over half of Burma's population consists of diverse ethnic groups with substantial numbers of kin beyond its borders; despite continuing border committee talks, significant differences remain with Thailand over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; ethnic Karens flee into Thailand to escape fighting between Karen rebels and Burmese troops, in 2004 Thailand sheltered about 118,000 Burmese refugees; Karens also protest Thai support for a Burmese hydroelectric dam on the Salween River near the border; environmentalists in Burma and Thailand continue to voice concern over China's construction of hydroelectric dams upstream on the Nujiang/Salween River in Yunnan Province; India seeks cooperation from Burma to keep Indian Nagaland separatists from hiding in remote Burmese uplands
Burundi Tutsi, Hutu, other conflicting ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces continue fighting in the Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda in an effort to gain control over populated and natural resource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict, but localized violence continues despite the presence of about 6,000 peacekeepers from the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) since 2004; although some 150,000 Burundian refugees have been repatriated, as of February 2005, Burundian refugees still reside in camps in western Tanzania as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cambodia Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers and Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over offshore islands; Cambodia accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; in 2004 Cambodian-Laotian and Laotian-Vietnamese boundary commissions reerect missing markers completing most of their demarcations
Cameroon ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission, which continues to meet regularly to resolve differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; implementation of the ICJ ruling on the Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea is impeded by imprecisely defined coordinates, the unresolved Bakassi allocation, and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; Nigeria initially rejected cession of the Bakasi Peninsula, then agreed, but has yet to withdraw its forces while much of the indigenous population opposes cession; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes Chad and Niger
Canada managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; working toward greater cooperation with US in monitoring people and commodities crossing the border; uncontested sovereignty dispute with Denmark over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland
Cape Verde none
Cayman Islands none
Central African Republic about 30,000 refugees fleeing the 2002 civil conflict in the CAR still reside in southern Chad; periodic skirmishes over water and grazing rights among related pastoral populations along the border with southern Sudan persist
Chad since 2003, Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military have driven about 200,000 Darfur region refugees into eastern Chad; Chad remains an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes Chad and Niger
Chile Chile rebuffs Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, offering instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile to Bolivian gas and other commodities; Peru proposes changing its latitudinal maritime boundary with Chile to an equidistance line with a southwestern axis; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims
China in 2005, China and India initiate drafting principles to resolve all aspects of their extensive boundary and territorial disputes together with a security and foreign policy dialogue to consolidate discussions related to the boundary, regional nuclear proliferation, and other matters; recent talks and confidence-building measures have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; about 90,000 ethnic Tibetan exiles reside primarily in India as well as Nepal and Bhutan; China asserts sovereignty over the Spratly Islands together with Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratlys but is not the legally binding "code of conduct" sought by some parties; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord on marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; China occupies some of the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; China and Taiwan have become more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea, the site of intensive hydrocarbon prospecting; certain islands in the Yalu and Tumen rivers are in an uncontested dispute with North Korea and a section of boundary around Mount Paektu is considered indefinite; China seeks to stem illegal migration of tens of thousands of North Koreans; in 2004, China and Russia divided up the islands in the Amur, Ussuri, and Argun Rivers, ending a century-old border dispute; demarcation of the China-Vietnam boundary proceeds slowly and although the maritime boundary delimitation and fisheries agreements were ratified in June 2004, implementation has been delayed; environmentalists in Burma and Thailand remain concerned about China's construction of hydroelectric dams upstream on the Nujiang/Salween River in Yunnan Province
Christmas Island none
Clipperton Island none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands none
Colombia Nicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 and against Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over disputed maritime boundary involving 50,000 sq km in the Caribbean Sea, including the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank; dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all of its neighbors' borders and have created a serious refugee crisis with over 300,000 persons having fled the country, mostly into neighboring states
Comoros claims French-administered Mayotte
Congo, Democratic Republic of the heads of the Great Lakes states and UN pledge to end conflict but unchecked tribal, rebel, and militia fighting continues unabated in the northeastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, drawing in the neighboring states of Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda; the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) has maintained over 14,000 peacekeepers in the region since 1999; thousands of Ituri refugees from the Congo continue to flee the fighting primarily into Uganda; 90,000 Angolan refugees were repatriated by 2004 with the remainder in the Democratic Republic of the Congo expected to return in 2005; in 2005, DROC and Rwanda established a border verification mechanism to address accusations of Rwandan military supporting Congolese rebels and the DROC providing rebel Rwandan "Interhamwe" forces the means and bases to attack Rwandan forces; the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Republic of the Congo is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area
Congo, Republic of the about 7,000 Congolese refugees fleeing internal civil conflicts since the mid-1990s still reside in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Democratic Republic of the Congo is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area
Cook Islands none
Coral Sea Islands none
Costa Rica legal dispute over navigational rights of Rio San Juan on the border with Nicaragua remains unresolved
Cote d'Ivoire rebel and ethnic fighting against the central government in 2002 has spilled into neighboring states, driven out foreign cocoa workers from nearby countries, and, in 2004, resulted in 6,000 peacekeepers deployed as part of UN Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI) assisting 4,000 French troops already in-country; the Ivorian Government accuses Burkina Faso and Liberia of supporting Ivorian rebels
Croatia discussions continue with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small disputed sections of the boundary; the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Pirin Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains un-ratified and in dispute; as a European Union peripheral state, neighboring Slovenia must conform to the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia
Cuba US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease
Cyprus hostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de facto autonomous entities, the internationally recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriot community (north Cyprus); the 1,000-strong UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has served in Cyprus since 1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north and south; March 2003 reunification talks failed, but Turkish-Cypriots later opened their borders to temporary visits by Greek Cypriots; on 24 April 2004, the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities voted in simultaneous and parallel referenda on whether to approve the UN-brokered Annan Plan that would have ended the thirty-year division of the island by establishing a new "United Cyprus Republic," a majority of Greek Cypriots voted "no"; on 1 May 2004, Cyprus entered the European Union still divided, with the EU's body of legislation and standards (acquis communitaire) suspended in the north
Czech Republic in February 2005, the ICJ refused to rule on the restitution of Liechtenstein's land and property assets in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1945 as German property; individual Sudeten Germans seek restitution for property confiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II
Denmark Iceland disputes the Faroe Islands' fisheries median line; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Faroese continue to study proposals for full independence; uncontested sovereignty dispute with Canada over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland
Djibouti Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; although most of the 26,000 Somali refugees in Djibouti who fled civil unrest in the early 1990s have returned, several thousand still await repatriation in UNHCR camps
Dominica joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea
Dominican Republic increasing numbers of illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage each year to Puerto Rico to find work
East Timor UN Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) has maintained about a thousand peacekeepers in East Timor since 2002; East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey, and delimit the land boundary, but several sections of the boundary especially around the Oekussi enclave remain unresolved; Indonesia and East Timor contest the sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Palau Batek/Fatu Sinai, which prevents delimitation of the northern maritime boundaries; many of 28,000 East Timorese refugees still residing in Indonesia in 2003 have returned, but many continue to refuse repatriation; East Timor and Australia continue to meet but disagree over how to delimit a permanent maritime boundary and share unexploited potential petroleum resources that fall outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty; dispute with Australia also hampers creation of a southern maritime boundary with Indonesia
Ecuador organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia penetrate across Ecuador's shared border and caused over 20,000 refugees to flee into Ecuador in 2004
Egypt Egypt and Sudan retain claims to administer the two triangular areas that extend north and south of the 1899 Treaty boundary along the 22nd Parallel, but have withdrawn their military presence; Egypt is developing the Hala'ib Triangle north of the Treaty line; since the attack on Taba and other Egyptian resort towns on the Red Sea in October 2004, Egypt vigilantly monitors the Sinai and borders with Israel and the Gaza Strip; Egypt does not extend domestic asylum to some 70,000 persons who identify as Palestinians but who largely lack UNRWA assistance and, until recently, UNHCR recognition as refugees
El Salvador in 1992, the ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, but despite OAS intervention and a further ICJ ruling in 2003, full demarcation of the border remains stalled; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not identified in the ICJ decision, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca
Equatorial Guinea in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River, imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision, and the unresolved Bakasi allocation contribute to the delay in implementation; UN has been pressing Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to pledge to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane Island and create a maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay
Eritrea Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but despite international intervention, mutual animosities, accusations and armed posturing prevail, preventing demarcation; Ethiopia refuses to withdraw to the delimited boundary until technical errors made by the EEBC that ignored "human geography" are addressed, including the award of Badme, the focus of the 1998-2000 war; Eritrea insists that the EEBC decision be implemented immediately without modifications; since 2000, the UN Peacekeeping Mission to Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) monitors the 25km-wide Temporary Security Zone in Eritrea until the demarcation; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; Eritrea protests Yemeni fishing around the Hanish Islands awarded to Eritrea by the ICJ in 1999
Estonia in 1996, the Estonia-Russia technical border agreement was initialed but both states have been hesitant to sign and ratify it, with Russia asserting that Estonia needs to better assimilate Russian-speakers and Estonian groups pressing for realignment of the boundary based more closely on the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty that would bring the now divided ethnic Setu people and parts of the Narva region within Estonia; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Estonia must implement the strict Schengen border rules
Ethiopia Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but despite international intervention, mutual animosities, accusations and armed posturing prevail, preventing demarcation; Ethiopia refuses to withdraw to the delimited boundary until technical errors made by the EEBC that ignored "human geography" are addressed, including the award of Badme, the focus of the 1998-2000 war; Eritrea insists that the EEBC decision be implemented immediately without modifications; Ethiopia has only an administrative line and no international border with the Oromo region of southern Somalia where it maintains alliances with local clans in opposition to the unrecognized Somali Interim Government in Mogadishu; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; the UNHCR expects most of the remaining 23,000 Somali refugees in Ethiopia to be repatriated in 2005; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Sudan have been delayed by civil war
Europa Island claimed by Madagascar
European Union the EU has no border disputes with neighboring countries; it has set up a Schengen area - consisting of 13 EU member states that have signed the convention implementing the Schengen agreements (1985 and 1990) on the free movement of persons and the harmonization of border controls in Europe; the Schengen agreements ("acquis") became incorporated into EU law with the implementation of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam on 1 May 1999; member states are: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden; in addition, non-EU states Iceland and Norway (as part of the Nordic Union) have been included in the Schengen area since 1996 (full members in 2001), bringing the total current membership to 15; the UK (since 2000) and Ireland (since 2002) take part in some aspects of the Schengen area, especially with respect to police and criminal matters; the 10 new member states that joined the EU in 2004 eventually are expected to participate in Schengen, following a transition period to upgrade their border controls and procedures
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks
Faroe Islands because anticipated offshore hydrocarbon resources have not been realized, earlier Faroese proposals for full independence have been deferred; Iceland disputes the Faroe Islands' fisheries median line boundary; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
Fiji none
Finland various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands
France Madagascar claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island; Comoros claims Mayotte; Mauritius claims Tromelin Island; territorial dispute between Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana; France asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Adelie Land); France and Vanuatu claim Matthew and Hunter Islands, east of New Caledonia
French Guiana Suriname claims area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa) in French Guiana
French Polynesia none
French Southern and Antarctic Lands French claim to "Adelie Land" in Antarctica is not recognized by the United States
Gabon UN presses Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane Island and to establish a maritime boundary in hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay; only a few hundred out of the 20,000 Republic of the Congo refugees who fled militia fighting in 2000 remain in Gabon
Gambia, The attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region as well as from conflicts in other west African states
Gaza Strip West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel announced its intention to pull out settlers and withdraw from the Gaza Strip in 2005
Georgia Russia and Georgia agree on delimiting 80% of their common border, leaving certain small, strategic segments and the maritime boundary unresolved; OSCE observers monitor volatile areas such as the Pankisi Gorge in the Akhmeti region and the Argun Gorge in Abkhazia; UN Observer Mission in Georgia has maintained a peacekeeping force in Georgia since 1993; Meshkheti Turks scattered throughout the former Soviet Union seek to return to Georgia; boundary with Armenia remains undemarcated; ethnic Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy from the Georgian government; Azerbaijan and Georgia cannot resolve the alignment of their boundary at certain crossing areas
Germany none
Ghana Ghana struggles to accommodate returning nationals who worked in the cocoa plantations and escaped rebel fighting in Cote d'Ivoire
Gibraltar in 2003, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to remain a British colony and against a "total shared sovereignty" arrangement while demanding participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar even greater autonomy
Glorioso Islands claimed by Madagascar
Greece Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Cyprus question with Turkey; Greece rejects the use of the name Macedonia or Republic of Macedonia
Greenland uncontested dispute between Canada and Denmark over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Canada's Ellesmere Island and Greenland
Grenada none
Guadeloupe none
Guam none
Guatemala Guatemalan squatters continue to settle in the rain forests of Belize's border region; OAS is attempting to revive the 2002 failed Differendum that created a small adjustment to land boundary, a Guatemalan maritime corridor in Caribbean, a joint ecological park for the disputed Sapodilla Cays, and a substantial US-UK financial package; Guatemalans enter Mexico illegally seeking work or transit to the US
Guernsey none
Guinea conflicts among rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in neighboring states has spilled over into Guinea, resulting in domestic instability; Sierra Leone pressures Guinea to remove its forces from the town of Yenga occupied since 1998
Guinea-Bissau attempts to stem refugees and cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and political instability from a separatist movement in Senegal's Casamance region
Guyana all of the area west of the Essequibo (river) is claimed by Venezuela preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before UNCLOS that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne; Guyana seeks UNCLOS arbitration to resolve the long-standing dispute with Suriname over the axis of the territorial sea boundary in potentially oil-rich waters
Haiti since 2004, about 8,000 peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) maintain civil order in Haiti; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians fleeing economic privation and civil unrest continue to cross into Dominican Republic and to sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island
Heard Island and McDonald Islands none
Holy See (Vatican City) none
Honduras in 1992, ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border, but despite OAS intervention and a further ICJ ruling in 2003, full demarcation of the border remains stalled; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned in the ICJ ruling, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca; Honduras claims Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize, but agreed to creation of a joint ecological park and Guatemalan corridor in the Caribbean in the failed 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum, which the OAS is attempting to revive; Nicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 and against Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over a complex dispute over islands and maritime boundaries in the Caribbean Sea
Hong Kong none
Howland Island none
Hungary in 2004, Hungary amended the status law extending special social and cultural benefits and voted down a referendum to extend dual citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living in neighboring states, which have objected to such measures; consultations continue between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary must implement the strict Schengen border rules
Iceland Iceland disputes Denmark's alignment of the Faroe Islands' fisheries median line; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
India China and India launched a security and foreign policy dialogue in 2005, consolidating discussions related to the dispute over most of their rugged, militarized boundary, regional nuclear proliferation, Indian claims that China transferred missiles to Pakistan, and other matters; recent talks and confidence-building measures have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); in 2004, India and Pakistan instituted a cease fire in the Kashmir and in 2005, restored bus service across the highly militarized Line of Control; Pakistan has taken its dispute on the impact and benefits of India's building the Baglihar dam on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir to the World Bank for arbitration; UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; disputes persist with Pakistan over Indus River water sharing; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, in 2004, India and Pakistan resurveyed a portion of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch; Pakistani maps continue to show Junagadh claim in Indian Gujarat State; discussions with Bangladesh remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, to exchange 162 miniscule enclaves in both countries, to allocate divided villages, and to stop illegal cross-border trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists through the porous border; Bangladesh protests India's attempts to fence off high-traffic sections; dispute with Bangladesh over New Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island in the Bay of Bengal deters maritime boundary delimitation; India seeks cooperation from Bhutan and Burma to keep Indian Nagaland and Assam separatists from hiding in remote areas along the borders; Joint Border Committee with Nepal continues to demarcate minor disputed boundary sections; India has instituted a stricter border regime to keep out Maoist insurgents and control illegal cross-border activities from Nepal
Indian Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Indonesia East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey and delimit land boundary, but several sections of the boundary remain unresolved; Indonesia and East Timor contest the sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Palau Batek/Fatu Sinai, which hinders a decision on a northern maritime boundary; a 1997 treaty between Indonesia and Australia settled some parts of their maritime boundary but outstanding issues remain; ICJ's award of Sipadan and Ligitan islands to Malaysia in 2002 left maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in dispute, culminating in hostile confrontations in March 2005 over concessions to the Ambalat oil block; the ICJ decision has prompted Indonesia to assert claims to and to establish a presence on its smaller outer islands; Indonesia and Singapore pledged in 2005 to finalize their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Iran Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed tributaries to the Helmand River in periods of drought; Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Iran and UAE engage in direct talks and solicit Arab League support to resolve disputes over Iran's occupation of Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island; Iran stands alone among littoral states in insisting upon a division of the Caspian Sea into five equal sectors
Iraq coalition forces assist Iraqis in monitoring boundary security; Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq
Ireland Ireland, Iceland, and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
Israel West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel continues construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; Israel announced its intention to pull out Israeli settlers and withdraw from the Gaza Strip and four settlements in the northern West Bank in 2005; Golan Heights is Israeli-occupied (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
Italy Italy's long coastline and developed economy entices tens of thousands of illegal immigrants from southeastern Europe and northern Africa
Jamaica none
Jan Mayen none
Japan the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the "Northern Territories" and in Russia as the "Southern Kuril Islands", occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Japan and South Korea claim Liancourt Rocks (Take-shima/Tok-do), occupied by South Korea since 1954; China and Taiwan dispute both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea, the site of intensive hydrocarbon prospecting
Jarvis Island none
Jersey none
Johnston Atoll none
Jordan 2004 Agreement settles border dispute with Syria pending demarcation
Juan de Nova Island claimed by Madagascar
Kazakhstan in 2005, Kazakhstan agreed with Russia, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to commence demarcating their boundaries; delimitation with Kyrgyzstan is complete; creation of a seabed boundary with Turkmenistan in the Caspian Sea remains unresolved; equidistant seabed treaties have been ratified with Azerbaijan and Russia in the Caspian Sea, but no resolution has been made on dividing the water column among any of the littoral states
Kenya Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in February 2005; Kenya provides shelter to approximately a quarter of a million refugees including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels; Kenya's administrative limits extend beyond the treaty border into the Sudan, creating the Ilemi Triangle
Kingman Reef none
Kiribati none
Korea, North China seeks to stem illegal migration of tens of thousands of North Koreans escaping famine, economic privation, and political oppression; North Korea and China dispute the sovereignty of certain islands in Yalu and Tumen rivers and a section of boundary around Paektu-san (mountain) is indefinite; Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km wide Demilitarized Zone has separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic maritime disputes with South over the Northern Limit Line; North Korea supports South Korea in rejecting Japan's claim to Liancourt Rocks (Tok-do/Take-shima)
Korea, South Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km wide Demilitarized Zone has separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic maritime disputes with North Korea over the Northern Limit Line; South Korea and Japan claim Liancourt Rocks (Tok-do/Take-shima), occupied by South Korea since 1954
Kuwait Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue negotiating a joint maritime boundary with Iran; no maritime boundary exists with Iraq in the Persian Gulf
Kyrgyzstan delimitation with Kazakhstan is complete; disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistan; delimitation is underway with Uzbekistan but serious disputes around enclaves and elsewhere continue to mar progress for some 130 km of border
Laos Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Laos and Thailand pledge to complete demarcation of boundaries in 2005, while ongoing disputes over squatters and boundary encroachment by Thailand including Mekong River islets persist; in 2004 Cambodian-Laotian boundary commission agrees to re-erect missing markers in two adjoining provinces; concern among Mekong Commission members that China's construction of dams on the Mekong River will affect water levels
Latvia the Latvian-Russian boundary treaty of 1997 remains unsigned and unratified with Russia linking it to better Latvian treatment of ethnic Russians and Latvian politicians demanding Russian agreement to a declaration that admits Soviet aggression during the Second World War and other issues; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil exploration rights; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Latvia must implement the strict Schengen border rules
Lebanon intense international pressure prompts the removal of Syrian troops and intelligence personnel from Lebanon; Lebanese Government claims Shab'a Farms area of Israeli-occupied Golan Heights; the roughly 2,000-strong UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) has been in place since 1978
Lesotho none
Liberia although Liberia's domestic fighting among disparate rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs was declared over in 2003, civil unrest persists, and in 2004, 133,000 Liberian refugees remained in Guinea, 72,000 in Cote d'Ivoire, 67,000 in Sierra Leone, and 43,000 in Ghana; Liberia, in turn, shelters refugees fleeing turmoil in Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone; since 2003, the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) has maintained about 18,000 peacekeepers in Liberia; the Cote d'Ivoire Government accuses Liberia of supporting Ivoirian rebels; UN sanctions ban Liberia from exporting diamonds and timber
Libya Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in Niger in currently dormant disputes; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
Liechtenstein in February 2005, the ICJ refused to rule on the restitution of Liechtenstein's land and property assets in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1945 as German property
Lithuania in 2003, the Lithuania-Russia land and maritime boundary treaty was ratified and a transit regime established through Lithuania linking Russia and its Kaliningrad coastal exclave, leaving only improvements to the border demarcation in 2005; by 2004, a third of the Belarus-Lithuania boundary had been demarcated; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Lithuania must implement the strict Schengen border rules
Luxembourg none
Macau none
Macedonia ethnic Albanians in Kosovo object to demarcation of the boundary with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement; Greece continues to reject the use of the name Macedonia or Republic of Macedonia
Madagascar claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France)
Malawi disputes with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant
Malaysia Malaysia has asserted sovereignty over the Spratly Islands together with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; while the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions over the Spratly Islands, it is not the legally binding "code of conduct" sought by some parties; Malaysia was not party to the March 2005 joint accord among the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam on conducting marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; disputes continue over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's land reclamation, bridge construction, maritime boundaries, and Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Putih - but parties agree to ICJ arbitration on island dispute within three years; ICJ awarded Ligitan and Sipadan islands, also claimed by Indonesia and Philippines, to Malaysia but left maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in dispute, culminating in hostile confrontations in March 2005 over concessions to the Ambalat oil block; separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Muslim southern provinces prompts measures to close and monitor border with Malaysia to stem terrorist activities; Philippines retains a now dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo; in 2003, Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their disputed offshore and deepwater seabeds and negotiations have stalemated prompting consideration of international adjudication; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Maldives none
Mali none
Malta none
Man, Isle of none
Marshall Islands claims US territory of Wake Island
Martinique none
Mauritania Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara have been dormant in recent years
Mauritius Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship but no right to patriation in the UK; claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Mayotte claimed by Comoros
Mexico prolonged drought, population growth, and outmoded practices and infrastructure in the border region have strained water-sharing arrangements with the US; the US has stepped up efforts to stem nationals from Mexico, Central America, and other parts of the world from illegally crossing the border with Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of none
Midway Islands none
Moldova Moldova and Ukraine have established joint customs posts to monitor transit through Moldova's break-away Transnistria Region which remains under OSCE supervision
Monaco none
Mongolia none
Montserrat none
Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara whose sovereignty remains unresolved - UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation setting limits on exploration and refugee interdiction since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa
Mozambique none
Namibia border commission has yet to resolve small residual disputes with Botswana along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls; managed dispute with South Africa over the location of the boundary in the Orange River; Namibia has supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia, boundary in the river
Nauru none
Navassa Island claimed by Haiti, source of subsistence fishing
Nepal joint border commission continues to work on small disputed sections of boundary with India; India has instituted a stricter border regime to restrict transit of Maoist insurgents and illegal cross-border activities
Netherlands none
Netherlands Antilles none
New Caledonia Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu
New Zealand asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency) [see Antarctica]
Nicaragua Nicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 and against Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over disputed maritime boundary involving 50,000 sq km in the Caribbean Sea, including the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank; the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; legal dispute over navigational rights of San Juan River on border with Costa Rica
Niger Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated, and states expect a ruling in 2005 from the ICJ over the disputed Niger and Mekrou River islands; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes Chad and Niger
Nigeria ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission to resolve differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; Nigeria initially rejected cession of the Bakassi Peninsula, then agreed, but has yet to withdraw its forces while much of the indigenous population opposes cession; in 2004, some 17,000 Nigerian refugees fleeing ethnic conflicts between pastoralists and farmers in 2002 still reside in Cameroon; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision, the unresolved Bakasi allocation, and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; a joint task force was established in 2004 that resolved disputes over and redrew the maritime and the 870-km land boundary with Benin on the Okpara River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes Chad and Niger
Niue none
Norfolk Island none
Northern Mariana Islands none
Norway Norway asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land and its continental shelf); despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway continue to dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Oman boundary agreement reportedly signed and ratified with UAE in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah exclave, but details have not been made public
Pacific Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Pakistan recent talks and confidence-building measures have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; in 2004, India and Pakistan instituted a cease fire in the Kashmir, and in 2005 restored bus service across the highly militarized Line of Control; Pakistan has taken its dispute on the impact and benefits of India's building the Baglihar dam on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir to the World Bank for arbitration and in general the two states still dispute Indus River water sharing; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan resurveyed a portion of the disputed Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in 2004; Pakistani maps continue to show Junagadh in India's Gujarat State; by 2005, Pakistan with UN assistance had repatriated 2.3 million Afghan refugees and has undertaken a census to count the remaining million or more, many of whom remain at their own choosing; Pakistan maintains troops in remote tribal areas to control the border with Afghanistan and root out organized terrorist and other illegal cross-border activities; regular meetings with Afghan and Coalition allies aim to resolve periodic claims of boundary encroachments
Palau border delineation disputes being negotiated with Philippines, Indonesia
Palmyra Atoll none
Panama organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the border region with Panama
Papua New Guinea relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists
Paracel Islands occupied by China, also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam
Paraguay unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations
Peru Peru proposes changing its latitudinal maritime boundary with Chile to an equidistance line with a southwestern axis; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru does not support Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border
Philippines The Philippines claims sovereignty over certain of the Spratly Islands, known locally as the Kalayaan (Freedom) Islands, also claimed by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue a sovereignty claim on his behalf
Pitcairn Islands none
Poland as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland must implement the strict Schengen border rules
Portugal none
Puerto Rico increasing numbers of illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work
Qatar none
Reunion none
Romania Romania and Ukraine have taken their dispute over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary to the ICJ for adjudication; Romania also opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea; Hungary amended the status law extending special social and cultural benefits to ethnic Hungarians in Romania, to which Romania had objected
Russia in 2004, China and Russia divided up the islands in the Amur, Ussuri, and Argun Rivers, ending a century-old border dispute; the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the "Northern Territories" and in Russia as the "Southern Kurils," occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Russia and Georgia agree on delimiting 80% of their common border, leaving certain small, strategic segments and the maritime boundary unresolved; OSCE observers monitor volatile areas such as the Pankisi Gorge in the Akhmeti region and the Kodori Gorge in Abkhazia; equidistant seabed treaties were signed and ratified with Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in the Caspian Sea but no consensus exists on dividing the water column among the littoral states; Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone; various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following the Second World War but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands; in 1996, the Estonia-Russia technical border agreement was initialed but both have been hesitant to sign and ratify it, with Russia asserting that Estonia needs to better assimilate Russian-speakers and Estonian groups advocating realignment of the boundary based more closely on the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty that would bring the now divided ethnic Setu people and parts of the Narva region within Estonia; the Latvian-Russian boundary treaty of 1997 remains unsigned and unratified with Russia linking it to better Latvian treatment of ethnic Russians and Latvian politicians demanding Russian agreement to a declaration that admits Soviet aggression during the Second World War and other issues; in 2003, the Lithuania-Russia land and maritime boundary treaty was ratified and a transit regime established through Lithuania linking Russia and its Kaliningrad coastal exclave, leaving only improvements to the border demarcation in 2005; delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine is complete, but states have agreed to defer demarcation; Russia and Ukraine continue talks but still dispute the alignment of a maritime boundary through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov; Kazakhstan and Russia continue demarcation of their long border; Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US in the Bering Sea
Rwanda Tutsi, Hutu, Hema, Lendu, and other conflicting ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda to gain control over populated areas and natural resources - government heads pledge to end conflicts, but localized violence continues despite UN peacekeeping efforts; DROC and Rwanda established a border verification mechanism in 2005 to address accusations of Rwandan military supporting Congolese rebels and the Congo providing rebel Rwandan "Interhamwe" forces the means and bases to attack Rwandan forces; as of 2004, Rwandan refugees lived in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Zambia
Saint Helena none
Saint Kitts and Nevis joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea
Saint Lucia joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea
Saint Pierre and Miquelon none
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea
Samoa none
San Marino none
Sao Tome and Principe none
Saudi Arabia despite resistance from nomadic groups, the demarcation of the Saudi Arabia-Yemen boundary established under the 2000 Jeddah Treaty is almost complete; Yemen protests Saudi erection of a concrete-filled pipe as a security barrier in 2004 to stem illegal cross-border activities in sections of the boundary; Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue discussions on a maritime boundary with Iran; because the treaties have not been made public, the exact alignment of the boundary with the UAE is still unknown
Senegal The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem Senegalese citizens from the Casamance region fleeing separatist violence, cross border raids, and arms smuggling
Serbia and Montenegro Kosovo remains unresolved administered by several thousand peacekeepers from the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) since 1999, with Kosovar Albanians overwhelmingly supporting and Serbian officials opposing Kosovo independence; the international community had agreed to begin a process to determine final status but contingency of solidifying multi-ethnic democracy in Kosovo has not been satisfied; ethnic Albanians in Kosovo refuse demarcation of the boundary with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement; Serbia and Montenegro have delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute
Seychelles together with Mauritius, Seychelles claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)
Sierra Leone domestic fighting among disparate rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone perpetuate insurgencies, street violence, looting, arms trafficking, ethnic conflicts, and refugees in border areas; UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) has maintained over 4,000 peacekeepers in Sierra Leone since 1999; Sierra Leone pressures Guinea to remove its forces from the town of Yenga occupied since 1998
Singapore disputes persist with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, maritime boundaries, and Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Putih - parties agree to ICJ arbitration on island dispute within three years; Indonesia and Singapore pledged in 2005 to finalize their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Batam Island; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Slovakia Hungary amended its status law extending special social and cultural benefits to ethnic Hungarians in Slovakia, to which Slovakia had protested; consultations continue between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia must implement the strict Schengen border rules
Slovenia the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Piran Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains unratified and in dispute; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia must implement the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia
Solomon Islands Australian Defense Force leads the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) at the invitation of the Solomon Islands' Government to maintain civil and political order and reinforce regional security
Somalia "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities to land-locked Ethiopia and establish commercial ties with regional states; "Puntland" and "Somaliland" "governments" seek support from neighboring states in their secessionist aspirations and in conflicts with each other; Ethiopia has only an administrative line with the Oromo region of southern Somalia and maintains alliances with local Somali clans opposed to the unrecognized Somali Interim Government, which plans eventual relocation from Kenya to Mogadishu; rival militia and clan fighting in southern Somalia periodically spills over into Kenya; most of the remaining 23,000 Somali refuges in Ethiopia are expected to be repatriated in 2005
South Africa South Africa has placed military along the border to stem the thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution; managed dispute with Namibia over the location of the boundary in the Orange River
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force
Southern Ocean Antarctic Treaty defers claims (see Antarctica entry), but Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK assert claims (some overlapping), including the continental shelf in the Southern Ocean; several states have expressed an interest in extending those continental shelf claims under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to include undersea ridges; the US and most other states do not recognize the land or maritime claims of other states and have made no claims themselves (the US and Russia have reserved the right to do so); no formal claims exist in the waters in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west
Spain in 2003, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to remain a British colony and against a "total shared sovereignty" arrangement while demanding participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; Morocco serves as the primary launching site of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa
Spratly Islands all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratlys
Sri Lanka none
Sudan the effects of Sudan's almost constant ethnic and rebel militia fighting since the mid-twentieth century have penetrated all of its border states who provide shelter for fleeing refugees and cover to disparate domestic and foreign conflicting elements; since 2003, Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military have driven about 200,000 Darfur region refugees into eastern Chad; large numbers of Sudanese refugees have also fled to Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; southern Sudan provides shelter to Ugandans seeking periodic protection from soldiers of the Lord's Resistance Army; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia have been delayed by civil and ethnic fighting in Sudan; Kenya's administrative boundary extends into the southern Sudan, creating the "Ilemi Triangle"; Egypt and Sudan retain claims to administer triangular areas that extend north and south of the 1899 Treaty boundary along the 22nd Parallel, but have withdrawn their military presence; Egypt is economically developing the "Hala'ib Triangle" north of the Treaty Line; periodic violent skirmishes with Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist among related pastoral populations from the Central African Republic along the border
Suriname area claimed by French Guiana between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa); Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne; Guyana seeks UNCLOS arbitration to resolve the long-standing dispute with Suriname over the axis of the territorial sea boundary in potentially oil-rich waters
Svalbard despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Swaziland none
Sweden none
Switzerland none
Syria Golan Heights is Israeli-occupied with the almost 1,000-strong UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) patrolling a buffer zone since 1964; Lebanon claims Shaba'a farms in Golan Heights; international pressure prompts the removal of Syrian troops and intelligence personel stationed in Lebanon since October 1976; Syria protests Turkish hydrological projects regulating upper Euphrates waters; 2004 Agreement and pending demarcation settles border dispute with Jordan
Taiwan involved in complex dispute with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei over the Spratly Islands; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants; Paracel Islands are occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam; in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting
Tajikistan boundary agreements signed in 2002 cede 1,000 sq km of Pamir Mountain range to China in return for China relinquishing claims to 28,000 sq km of Tajikistani lands but neither state has published maps of ceded areas and demarcation has not yet commenced; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan
Tanzania disputes with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant
Thailand separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem terrorist activities; southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Laos and Thailand pledge to complete demarcation of their boundary in 2005; despite continuing border committee talks, significant differences remain with Burma over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers; Cambodia claims Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory and obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; ethnic Karens from Burma flee into Thailand to escape fighting between Karen rebels and Burmese troops resulting in Thailand sheltering about 118,000 Burmese refugees in 2004; Karens also protest Thai support for a Burmese hydroelectric dam construction on the Salween River near the border; environmentalists in Burma and Thailand remain concerned about China's construction of hydroelectric dams upstream on the Nujiang/Salween River in Yunnan Province
Togo in 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary
Tokelau none
Tonga none
Trinidad and Tobago Barbados will assert its claim before UNCLOS that the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into its waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to challenge this boundary as it may extend into its waters as well
Tromelin Island claimed by Mauritius
Tunisia none
Turkey complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Syria and Iraq protest Turkish hydrological projects to control upper Euphrates waters; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; border with Armenia remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh
Turkmenistan cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; bilateral talks continue with Azerbaijan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian; demarcation of land boundary with Kazakhstan has started but Caspian seabed delimitation remains stalled
Turks and Caicos Islands have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder
Tuvalu none
Uganda Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces; Ugandan refugees have fled the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) into the southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border
Ukraine 1997 boundary treaty with Belarus remains un-ratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security; delimitation of land boundary with Russia is complete but the parties have agreed to defer demarcation; maritime boundary through the Sea of Azov and Kerch Strait remains unresolved despite a December 2003 framework agreement and on-going expert-level discussions; Moldova and Ukraine have established joint customs posts to monitor transit through Moldova's break-away Transnistria Region which remains under OSCE supervision; Ukraine and Romania have taken their dispute over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary to the ICJ for adjudication; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through the Ukraine to the Black Sea
United Arab Emirates because the treaties have not been made public, the exact alignment of the boundary with Saudi Arabia is still unknown; boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and maps showing the alignment have not been published; UAE engage in direct talks and solicit Arab League support to resolve disputes over Iran's occupation of Lesser and Greater Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island
United Kingdom in 2003, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to remain a British colony and against a "total shared sovereignty" arrangement while demanding participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants since their eviction in 1965; most Chagosians reside in Mauritius, and in 2001 were granted UK citizenship but no right to patriation in the UK; UK rejects sovereignty talks requested by Argentina, which still claims the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
United States prolonged drought, population growth, and outmoded practices and infrastructure in the border region strains water-sharing arrangements with Mexico; the US has stepped up efforts to stem nationals from Mexico, Central America, and other parts of the world from crossing illegally into the United States from Mexico; illegal immigrants from the Caribbean, notably Haiti and the Dominican Republic, attempt to enter the US through Florida by sea; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; managed maritime boundary disputes with Canada at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; US and Canada seek greater cooperation in monitoring people and commodities crossing the border; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other state; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island
Uruguay uncontested dispute with Brazil over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina
Uzbekistan cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; delimitation with Kazakhstan complete with demarcation underway; delimitation is underway with Kyrgyzstan but serious disputes around enclaves and elsewhere continue to mar progress for some 130 km of border; talks continue with Tajikistan to delimit border and remove minefields
Vanuatu Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France
Venezuela claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before UNCLOS that the Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; dispute with Colombia over Los Monjes islands and maritime boundary near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region resulting in several thousand residents migrating away from the border; US, France and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's claim to give full effect to Aves Island, which creates a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation and other states' recognition of it
Vietnam southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; in 2004 Laotian-Vietnamese boundary commission agrees to erect missing markers in two adjoining provinces; demarcation of the China-Vietnam boundary proceeds slowly and although the maritime boundary delimitation and fisheries agreements were ratified in June 2004, implementation has been delayed; China occupies Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; involved in complex dispute with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and possibly Brunei over the Spratly Islands; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants; Vietnam continues to expand construction of facilities in the Spratly Islands; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands
Virgin Islands none
Wake Island claimed by Marshall Islands
Wallis and Futuna none
West Bank West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel continues construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; Israel announced its intention to pull out settlers and withdraw from four settlements in the northern West Bank in 2005; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), headquartered in Jerusalem, monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
Western Sahara Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whose sovereignty remains unresolved - UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, administered by the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals
World stretching over 250,000 km, the world's 325 international land boundaries separate the 192 independent states and 73 dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities; ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided states into separate political entities as much as history, physical terrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimes arbitrary and imposed boundaries; maritime states have claimed limits and have so far established over 130 maritime boundaries and joint development zones to allocate ocean resources and to provide for national security at sea; boundary, borderland/resource, and territorial disputes vary in intensity from managed or dormant to violent or militarized; most disputes over the alignment of political boundaries are confined to short segments and are today less common and less hostile than borderland, resource, and territorial disputes; undemarcated, indefinite, porous, and unmanaged boundaries, however, encourage illegal cross-border activities, uncontrolled migration, and confrontation; territorial disputes may evolve from historical and/or cultural claims, or they may be brought on by resource competition; ethnic clashes continue to be responsible for much of the territorial fragmentation around the world; disputes over islands at sea or in rivers frequently form the source of territorial and boundary conflict; other sources of contention include access to water and mineral (especially petroleum) resources, fisheries, and arable land; nonetheless, most nations cooperate to clarify their international boundaries and to resolve territorial and resource disputes peacefully; regional discord directly affects the sustenance and welfare of local populations, often leaving the world community to cope with resultant refugees, hunger, disease, impoverishment, deforestation, and desertification
Yemen Yemen protests Eritrea fishing around the Hanish Islands awarded to Yemen by the ICJ in 1999; despite resistance from nomadic groups, the demarcation of the Saudi Arabia-Yemen boundary established under the 2000 Jeddah Treaty is almost complete; Yemen protests Saudi erection of a concrete-filled pipe as a security barrier in 2004 to stem illegal cross-border activities in sections of the boundary
Zambia in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections and joined Namibia in supporting plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; 90,000 Angolan refugees were repatriated from Zambia by 2004, the remaining 160,000 are expected to return in 2005
Zimbabwe Botswana has built electric fences and South Africa has placed military along the border to stem the flow of thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2075 Ethnic groups (%)
Afghanistan Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, other 4%
Albania Albanian 95%, Greek 3%, other 2% (Vlach, Roma (Gypsy), Serb, Macedonian, Bulgarian) (1989 est.) note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)
Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% note: almost all Algerians are Berber in origin, not Arab; the minority who identify themselves as Berber live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has offered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber language in schools
American Samoa native Pacific islander 92.9%, Asian 2.9%, white 1.2%, mixed 2.8%, other 0.2% (2000 census)
Andorra Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Anguilla black (predominant) 90.1%, mixed, mulatto 4.6%, white 3.7%, other 1.6% (2001 Census)
Antigua and Barbuda black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
Argentina white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%
Armenia Armenian 97.9%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.3%, Russian 0.5%, other 0.3% (2001 census)
Aruba mixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80%
Australia Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%
Austria Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)
Azerbaijan Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9% (1999 census) note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region
Bahamas, The black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%
Bahrain Bahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% (2001 census)
Bangladesh Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)
Barbados black 90%, white 4%, Asian and mixed 6%
Belarus Belarusian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish 3.9%, Ukrainian 2.4%, other 1.1% (1999 census)
Belgium Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%
Belize mestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other 9.7%
Benin African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500
Bermuda black 54.8%, white 34.1%, mixed 6.4%, other races 4.3%, unspecified 0.4% (2000 census)
Bhutan Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%
Bolivia Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%
Bosnia and Herzegovina Serb 37.1%, Bosniak 48%, Croat 14.3%, other 0.6% (2000) note: Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam
Botswana Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%
Brazil white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000 census)
British Virgin Islands black 83%, white, Indian, Asian and mixed
Brunei Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Bulgaria Bulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%, Roma 4.7%, other 2% (including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) (2001 census)
Burkina Faso Mossi over 40%, Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani
Burma Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%, Mon 2%, other 5%
Burundi Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Cambodia Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Cameroon Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%
Canada British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%
Cape Verde Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Cayman Islands mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups 20%
Central African Republic Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%, Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2%
Chad 200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist; about 1,000 French citizens live in Chad
Chile white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2%
China Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
Christmas Island Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Europeans, Cocos Malays
Colombia mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%
Comoros Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Congo, Democratic Republic of the over 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population
Congo, Republic of the Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%, Europeans and other 3% note: Europeans estimated at 8,500, mostly French, before the 1997 civil war; may be half that in 1998, following the widespread destruction of foreign businesses in 1997
Cook Islands Cook Island Maori (Polynesian) 87.7%, part Cook Island Maori 5.8%, other 6.5% (2001 census)
Costa Rica white (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%, Chinese 1%, other 1%
Cote d'Ivoire Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)
Croatia Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)
Cuba mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%
Cyprus Greek 77%, Turkish 18%, other 5% (2001)
Czech Republic Czech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4% (2001 census)
Denmark Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali
Djibouti Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
Dominica black, mixed black and European, European, Syrian, Carib Amerindian
Dominican Republic white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%
East Timor Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority
Ecuador mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3%
Egypt Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%
El Salvador mestizo 90%, white 9%, Amerindian 1%
Equatorial Guinea Bioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), Rio Muni (primarily Fang), Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish
Eritrea ethnic Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%, other 3%
Estonia Estonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian 1.3%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.2% (2000 census)
Ethiopia Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) British
Faroe Islands Scandinavian
Fiji Fijian 51% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and other 5% (1998 est.)
Finland Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Sami 0.1%
France Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Indochinese, Basque minorities
French Guiana black or mulatto 66%, white 12%, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10%
French Polynesia Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%, metropolitan French 4%
Gabon Bantu tribes including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba), other Africans and Europeans 154,000, including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality
Gambia, The African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1%
Gaza Strip Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6%
Georgia Georgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%, other 2.5% (2002 census)
Germany German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely of Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish)
Ghana black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)
Gibraltar Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German, North Africans
Greece Greek 98%, other 2% note: the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions in Greece
Greenland Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danish and others 12% (January 2000)
Grenada black 82%, mixed black and European 13%, European and East Indian 5%, and trace of Arawak/Carib Amerindian
Guadeloupe black or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5%
Guam Chamorro 37.1%, Filipino 26.3%, other Pacific islander 11.3%, white 6.9%, other Asian 6.3%, other ethnic origin or race 2.3%, mixed 9.8% (2000 census)
Guatemala Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino) and European 59.4%, K'iche 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam 7.9%, Q'eqchi 6.3%, other Mayan 8.6%, indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%, other 0.1% (2001 census)
Guernsey UK and Norman-French descent with small percentages from other European countries
Guinea Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%
Guinea-Bissau African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%
Guyana East Indian 50%, black 36%, Amerindian 7%, white, Chinese, and mixed 7%
Haiti black 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Holy See (Vatican City) Italians, Swiss, other
Honduras mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1%
Hong Kong Chinese 95%, other 5%
Hungary Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001 census)
Iceland homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%, population of foreign origin 6%
India Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
Indonesia Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%
Iran Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%
Iraq Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%
Ireland Celtic, English
Israel Jewish 80.1% (Europe/America-born 32.1%, Israel-born 20.8%, Africa-born 14.6%, Asia-born 12.6%), non-Jewish 19.9% (mostly Arab) (1996 est.)
Italy Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians and Greek-Italians in the south)
Jamaica black 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%, mixed 7.3%, other 0.1%
Japan Japanese 99%, others 1% (Korean 511,262, Chinese 244,241, Brazilian 182,232, Filipino 89,851, other 237,914) note: up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japan in the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to Brazil (2004)
Jersey Jersey 51.1%, British 34.8%, Irish, French, and other white 6.6%, Portuguese/Madeiran 6.4%, other 1.1% (2001 census)
Jordan Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
Kazakhstan Kazakh (Qazaq) 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek 2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.7%, Uygur 1.4%, other 4.9% (1999 census)
Kenya Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%
Kiribati Micronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census)
Korea, North racially homogeneous; there is a small Chinese community and a few ethnic Japanese
Korea, South homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
Kuwait Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uygur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census)
Laos Lao Loum (lowland) 68%, Lao Theung (upland) 22%, Lao Soung (highland) including the Hmong and the Yao 9%, ethnic Vietnamese/Chinese 1%
Latvia Latvian 57.7%, Russian 29.6%, Belarusian 4.1%, Ukrainian 2.7%, Polish 2.5%, Lithuanian 1.4%, other 2% (2002)
Lebanon Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%
Lesotho Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%,
Liberia indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Dei, Bella, Mandingo, and Mende), Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the US who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean who had been slaves)
Libya Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Liechtenstein Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%
Lithuania Lithuanian 83.4%, Polish 6.7%, Russian 6.3%, other or unspecified 3.6% (2001 census)
Luxembourg Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kosovo) and European (guest and resident workers)
Macau Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)
Macedonia Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 census)
Madagascar Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran
Malawi Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European
Malaysia Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, Indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% (2004 est.)
Maldives South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
Mali Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Malta Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians, with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)
Man, Isle of Manx (Norse-Celtic descent), Briton
Marshall Islands Micronesian
Martinique African and African-white-Indian mixture 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Chinese less than 5%
Mauritania mixed Maur/black 40%, Moor 30%, black 30%
Mauritius Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Mayotte NA
Mexico mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%
Micronesia, Federated States of nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups
Moldova Moldovan/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, Gagauz and other 5.2% (1989 est.) note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region
Monaco French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Mongolia Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)
Montserrat black, white
Morocco Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%
Mozambique indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Namibia black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5% note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%
Nauru Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Nepal Chhettri 15.5%, Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other 32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001 census)
Netherlands Dutch 83%, other 17% (of which 9% are non-Western origin mainly Turks, Moroccans, Antilleans, Surinamese, and Indonesians) (1999 est.)
Netherlands Antilles mixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, East Asian
New Caledonia Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%
New Zealand European 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Asian 5.7%, Pacific islander 4.4%, other 0.5%, mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001 census)
Nicaragua mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Amerindian 5%
Niger Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates
Nigeria Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Niue Niuen 78.2%, Pacific islander 10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%, Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3% (2001 census)
Norfolk Island descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians
Northern Mariana Islands Asian 56.3%, Pacific islander 36.3%, Caucasian 1.8%, other 0.8%, mixed 4.8% (2000 census)
Norway Norwegian, Sami 20,000
Oman Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African
Pakistan Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants)
Palau Palauan (Micronesian with Malayan and Melanesian admixtures) 69.9%, Carolinian 1.4%, other Micronesian 1.1%, Filipino 15.3%, Chinese 4.9%, other Asian 2.4%, white 1.9%, other or unspecified 3.2% (2000 census)
Panama mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian and mixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6%
Papua New Guinea Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
Paraguay mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5%
Peru Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Philippines Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Llocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)
Pitcairn Islands descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian wives
Poland Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belarusian 0.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 2.7% (2002 census)
Portugal homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Puerto Rico white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%, Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9%
Qatar Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Reunion French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Romania Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census)
Russia Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002 census)
Rwanda Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%
Saint Helena African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Saint Kitts and Nevis predominantly black; some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese
Saint Lucia black 90%, mixed 6%, East Indian 3%, white 1%
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines black 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian 6%, Carib Amerindian 2%, other 7%
Samoa Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%
San Marino Sammarinese, Italian
Sao Tome and Principe mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Saudi Arabia Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
Senegal Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Serbia and Montenegro Serb 62.6%, Albanian 16.5%, Montenegrin 5%, Hungarian 3.3%, other 12.6% (1991)
Seychelles mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab
Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century), refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
Singapore Chinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000 census)
Slovakia Slovak 85.8%, Hungarian 9.7%, Roma 1.7%, Ruthenian/Ukrainian 1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
Slovenia Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 census)
Solomon Islands Melanesian 94.5%, Polynesian 3%, Micronesian 1.2%, other 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (1999 census)
Somalia Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs 30,000)
South Africa black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%, Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)
Spain composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Sri Lanka Sinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%, Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001 census provisional data)
Sudan black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
Suriname Hindustani (also known locally as "East Indians"; their ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the 19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed white and black) 31%, Javanese 15%, "Maroons" (their African ancestors were brought to the country in the 17th and 18th centuries as slaves and escaped to the interior) 10%, Amerindian 2%, Chinese 2%, white 1%, other 2%
Svalbard Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Swaziland African 97%, European 3%
Sweden indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Switzerland German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%
Syria Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%
Taiwan Taiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2%
Tajikistan Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6% (2000 census)
Tanzania mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African
Thailand Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
Togo native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Tokelau Polynesian
Tonga Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Trinidad and Tobago Indian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed 20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2000 census)
Tunisia Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Turkey Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)
Turkmenistan Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)
Turks and Caicos Islands black 90%, mixed, European, or North American 10%
Tuvalu Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%
Uganda Baganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga 7%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%, Bunyoro 3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere 2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%, Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 8%
Ukraine Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 census)
United Arab Emirates Emirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982) note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
United Kingdom white (English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)
United States white 81.7%, black 12.9%, Asian 4.2%, Amerindian and Alaska native 1%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2% (2003 est.) note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean a person of Latin American descent (including persons of Cuban, Mexican, or Puerto Rican origin) living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.)
Uruguay white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian (practically nonexistent)
Uzbekistan Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
Vanuatu Ni-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5% (1999 Census)
Venezuela Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people
Vietnam Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999 census)
Virgin Islands black 76.2%, white 13.1%, Asian 1.1%, other 6.1%, mixed 3.5% (2000 census)
Wallis and Futuna Polynesian
West Bank Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%
Western Sahara Arab, Berber
Yemen predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans
Zambia African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Zimbabwe African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2076 Exchange rates
Afghanistan afghanis per US dollar - 3,000 (2004), 3,000 (2003), 3,000 (2002), 3,000 (2001), 3,000 (2000) note: in 2002, the afghani was revalued and the currency stabilized at about 50 afghanis to the dollar; before 2002, the market rate varied widely from the official rate
Albania leke per US dollar - 102.649 (2004), 121.863 (2003), 140.155 (2002), 143.485 (2001), 143.709 (2000)
Algeria Algerian dinars per US dollar - 72.061 (2004), 77.395 (2003), 79.682 (2002), 77.215 (2001), 75.26 (2000)
American Samoa the US dollar is used
Andorra euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Angola kwanza per US dollar - 83.541 (2004), 74.606 (2003), 43.53 (2002), 22.058 (2001), 10.041 (2000)
Anguilla East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000) note: fixed rate since 1976
Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000) note: fixed rate since 1976
Argentina Argentine pesos per US dollar - 2.9233 (2004), 2.9006 (2003), 3.0633 (2002), 0.9995 (2001), 0.9995 (2000)
Armenia drams per US dollar - 533.45 (2004), 578.76 (2003), 573.35 (2002), 555.08 (2001), 539.53 (2000)
Aruba Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar - 1.79 (2004), 1.79 (2003), 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.79 (2000)
Australia Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Austria euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manats per US dollar - 4,913.48 (2004), 4,910.73 (2003), 4,860.82 (2002), 4,656.58 (2001), 4,474.15 (2000)
Bahamas, The Bahamian dollars per US dollar - 1 (2004), 1 (2003), 1 (2002), 1 (2001), 1 (2000)
Bahrain Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.376 (2004), 0.376 (2003), 0.376 (2002), 0.376 (2001), 0.376 (2000)
Bangladesh taka per US dollar - 59.513 (2004), 58.15 (2003), 57.888 (2002), 55.807 (2001), 52.142 (2000)
Barbados Barbadian dollars per US dollar - 2 (2004), 2 (2003), 2 (2002), 2 (2001), 2 (2000)
Belarus Belarusian rubles per US dollar - 2,160.26 (2004), 2,051.27 (2003), 1,790.92 (2002), 1,390 (2001), 876.75 (2000)
Belgium euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Belize Belizean dollars per US dollar - 2 (2004), 2 (2003), 2 (2002), 2 (2001), 2 (2000)
Benin Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Bermuda Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Bhutan ngultrum per US dollar - 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003), 48.61 (2002), 47.186 (2001), 44.942 (2000)
Bolivia bolivianos per US dollar - 7.9363 (2004), 7.6592 (2003), 7.17 (2002), 6.6069 (2001), 6.1835 (2000)
Bosnia and Herzegovina marka per US dollar - 1.58 (2004), 1.73 (2003), 2.08 (2002), 2.19 (2001), 2.12 (2000) note: the marka is pegged to the euro
Botswana pulas per US dollar - 4.6929 (2004), 4.9499 (2003), 6.3278 (2002), 5.8412 (2001), 5.1018 (2000)
Brazil reals per US dollar - 2.9251 (2004), 3.0771 (2003), 2.9208 (2002), 2.3577 (2001), 1.8301 (2000)
British Virgin Islands the US dollar is used
Brunei Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000)
Bulgaria leva per US dollar - 1.5751 (2004), 1.7327 (2003), 2.077 (2002), 2.1847 (2001), 2.1233 (2000) note: on 5 July 1999, the lev was redenominated; the post-5 July 1999 lev is equal to 1,000 of the pre-5 July 1999 lev
Burkina Faso Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Burma kyats per US dollar - 5.7459 (2004), 6.0764 (2003), 6.5734 (2002), 6.6841 (2001), 6.4257 (2000) note: these are official exchange rates; unofficial exchange rates ranged in 2004 from 815 kyat/US dollar to nearly 970 kyat/US dollar
Burundi Burundi francs per US dollar - 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62 (2003), 930.75 (2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000)
Cambodia riels per US dollar - 4,016.25 (2004), 3,973.33 (2003), 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001), 3,840.75 (2000)
Cameroon Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Canada Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.301 (2004), 1.4011 (2003), 1.5693 (2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000)
Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - 88.808 (2004), 97.703 (2003), 117.168 (2002), 123.228 (2001), 119.687 (2000)
Cayman Islands Caymanian dollars per US dollar - 0.82 (29 October 2001), 0.83 (3 November 1995), 0.85 (22 November 1993)
Central African Republic Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Chad Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Chile Chilean pesos per US dollar - 609.37 (2004), 691.43 (2003), 688.94 (2002), 634.94 (2001), 539.59 (2000)
China yuan per US dollar - 8.2768 (2004), 8.277 (2003), 8.277 (2002), 8.2771 (2001), 8.2785 (2000)
Christmas Island Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Colombia Colombian pesos per US dollar - 2,628.61 (2004), 2,877.65 (2003), 2,504.24 (2002), 2,299.63 (2001), 2,087.9 (2000)
Comoros Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar - 396.21 (2004), 435.9 (2003), 522.74 (2002), 549.78 (2001), 533.98 (2000) note: the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677 Comoran francs per euro
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congolese francs per US dollar - 401.04 (2004), 405.34 (2003), 346.49 (2002), 206.62 (2001), 21.82 (2000)
Congo, Republic of the Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Cook Islands New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000)
Costa Rica Costa Rican colones per US dollar - 437.91 (2004), 398.66 (2003), 359.82 (2002), 328.87 (2001), 308.19 (2000)
Cote d'Ivoire Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Croatia kuna per US dollar - 6.0358 (2004), 6.7035 (2003), 7.8687 (2002), 8.34 (2001), 8.2766 (2000)
Cuba Convertible pesos per US dollar - 0.93 note: Cuba has three currencies in circulation: the Cuban peso (CUP), the convertible peso (CUC), and the US dollar (USD), although the dollar is being withdrawn from circulation; in April 2005 the official exchange rate changed from $1 per CUC to $1.08 per CUC (0.93 CUC per $1), both for individuals and enterprises; individuals can buy 24 Cuban pesos (CUP) for each CUC sold, or sell 25 Cuban pesos for each CUC bought; enterprises, however, must exchange CUP and CUC at a 1:1 ratio.
Cyprus Cypriot pounds per US dollar - 0.4686 (2004), 0.5174 (2003), 0.6107 (2002), 0.6431 (2001), 0.6224 (2000), Turkish lira per US dollar 1.426 million (2004), 1.501 million (2003), 1.507 million (2002), 1.226 million (2001), 625,200 (2000)
Czech Republic koruny per US dollar - 25.7 (2004), 28.209 (2003), 32.739 (2002), 38.035 (2001), 38.598 (2000)
Denmark Danish kroner per US dollar - 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003), 7.8947 (2002), 8.3228 (2001), 8.0831 (2000)
Djibouti Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.72 (2004), 177.72 (2003), 177.72 (2002), 177.72 (2001), 177.72 (2000)
Dominica East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)
Dominican Republic Dominican pesos per US dollar - 42.12 (2004), 30.831 (2003), 18.61 (2002), 16.952 (2001), 16.415 (2000)
East Timor the US dollar is the legal tender
Ecuador 25,000 (2004), 25,000 (2003), 25,000 (2002), 25,000 (2001), 24,988 (2000)
Egypt Egyptian pounds per US dollar - 6.1963 (2004), 5.8509 (2003), 4.4997 (2002), 3.973 (2001), 3.4721 (2000)
El Salvador the US dollar became El Salvador's currency in 2001
Equatorial Guinea Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Eritrea nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - 13.788 (2004), 13.878 (2003), 13.958 (2002), 11.31 (2001), 9.625 (2000)
Estonia krooni per US dollar - 12.596 (2004), 13.856 (2003), 16.612 (2002), 17.478 (2001), 16.969 (2000)
Ethiopia birr per US dollar - 8.68 (2004), 8.5997 (2003), 8.5678 (2002), 8.4575 (2001), 8.2173 (2000) note: since 24 October 2001 exchange rates are determined on a daily basis via interbank transactions regulated by the Central Bank
European Union euros per US dollar - 0.81 (2004), 0.89 (2003), 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Faroe Islands Danish kroner per US dollar - 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003), 7.8947 (2002), 8.3228 (2001), 8.0831 (2000)
Fiji Fijian dollars per US dollar - 1.7331 (2004), 1.8958 (2003), 2.1869 (2002), 2.2766 (2001), 2.1286 (2000)
Finland euros per US dollar - 0.81 (2004), 0.89 (2003), 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000)
France euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
French Guiana Euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
French Polynesia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003), 126.71 (2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.43 (2000) note: pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
Gabon Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Gambia, The dalasi per US dollar - 27.306 (2003), 27.306 (2003), 19.918 (2002), 15.687 (2001), 12.788 (2000)
Gaza Strip new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000)
Georgia lari per US dollar - 1.9167 (2004), 2.1457 (2003), 2.1957 (2002), 2.073 (2001), 1.9762 (2000)
Germany euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Ghana cedis per US dollar - 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003), 7,932.7 (2002), 7,170.8 (2001), 5,455.1 (2000)
Gibraltar Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Greece euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Greenland Danish kroner per US dollar - 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003), 7.8947 (2002), 8.3228 (2001), 8.0831 (2000)
Grenada East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)
Guadeloupe euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 j(2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Guam the US dollar is used
Guatemala quetzales per US dollar - 7.9465 (2004), 7.9409 (2003), 7.8216 (2002), 7.8586 (2001), 7.7632 (2000)
Guernsey Guernsey pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound
Guinea Guinean francs per US dollar - 2,550 (2004), 1,984.9 (2003), 1,975.8 (2002), 1,950.6 (2001), 1,746.9 (2000)
Guinea-Bissau Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000) note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Guyana Guyanese dollars per US dollar - 198.33 (2004), 193.88 (2003), 190.67 (2002), 187.32 (2001), 182.43 (2000)
Haiti gourdes per US dollar - 38.352 (2004), 42.367 (2003), 29.251 (2002), 24.429 (2001), 21.171 (2000)
Holy See (Vatican City) euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Honduras lempiras per US dollar - 18.206 (2004), 17.345 (2003), 16.433 (2002), 15.474 (2001), 14.839 (2000)
Hong Kong Hong Kong dollars per US dollar - 7.788 (2004), 7.7868 (2003), 7.7989 (2002), 7.7988 (2001), 7.7912 (2000)
Hungary forints per US dollar - 202.75 (2004), 224.31 (2003), 257.89 (2002), 286.49 (2001), 282.18 (2000)
Iceland Icelandic kronur per US dollar - 70.192 (2004), 76.709 (2003), 91.662 (2002), 97.425 (2001), 78.616 (2000)
India Indian rupees per US dollar - 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003), 48.61 (2002), 47.186 (2001), 44.942 (2000)
Indonesia Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 8,938.9 (2004), 8,577.1 (2003), 9,311.2 (2002), 10,260.8 (2001), 8,421.8 (2000)
Iran rials per US dollar - 8,614 (2004), 8,193.9 (2003), 6,907 (2002), 1,753.6 (2001), 1,764.4 (2000) note: Iran has been using a managed floating exchange rate regime since unifying multiple exchange rates in March 2002
Iraq New Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 1,890 (second half, 2003), 0.3109 (2002), 0.3109 (2001), 0.3109 (2000)
Ireland euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Israel new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000)
Italy euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Jamaica Jamaican dollars per US dollar - 61.197 (2004), 57.741 (2003), 48.416 (2002), 45.996 (2001), 42.986 (2000)
Japan yen per US dollar - 108.19 (2004), 115.93 (2003), 125.39 (2002), 121.53 (2001), 107.77 (2000)
Jersey Jersey pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound
Jordan Jordanian dinars per US dollar - 0.709 (2004), 0.709 (2003), 0.709 (2002), 0.709 (2001), 0.709 (2000)
Kazakhstan tenge per US dollar - 136.04 (2004), 149.58 (2003), 153.28 (2002), 146.74 (2001), 142.13 (2000)
Kenya Kenyan shillings per US dollar - 79.174 (2004), 75.936 (2003), 78.749 (2002), 78.563 (2001), 76.176 (2000)
Kiribati Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Korea, North official: North Korean won per US dollar - 170 (December 2004), 150 (December 2002), 2.15 (December 2001); market: North Korean won per US dollar - 300-600 (December 2002)
Korea, South South Korean won per US dollar - 1,145.3 (2004), 1,191.6 (2003), 1,251.1 (2002), 1,291 (2001), 1,131 (2000)
Kuwait Kuwaiti dinars per US dollar - 0.2947 (2004), 0.298 (2003), 0.3039 (2002), 0.3067 (2001), 0.3068 (2000)
Kyrgyzstan soms per US dollar - 42.65 (2004), 43.648 (2003), 46.937 (2002), 48.378 (2001), 47.704 (2000)
Laos kips per US dollar - 10,820 (2004), 10,569 (2003), 10,056.3 (2002), 8,954.6 (2001), 7,887.6 (2000)
Latvia lati per US dollar - 0.5402 (2004), 0.5715 (2003), 0.6182 (2002), 0.6279 (2001), 0.6065 (2000)
Lebanon Lebanese pounds per US dollar - 1,507.5 (2004), 1,507.5 (2003), 1,507.5 (2002), 1,507.5 (2001), 1,507.5 (2000)
Lesotho maloti per US dollar - 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000)
Liberia Liberian dollars per US dollar - 54.906 (2004), 59.379 (2003), 61.754 (2002), 48.583 (2001), 40.953 (2000)
Libya Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.305 (2004), 1.2929 (2003), 1.2707 (2002), 0.6051 (2001), 0.5122 (2000)
Liechtenstein Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467 (2003), 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000)
Lithuania litai per US dollar - 2.7806 (2004), 3.0609 (2003), 3.677 (2002), 4 (2001), 4 (2000)
Luxembourg euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Macau patacas per US dollar - 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003), 8.033 (2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000)
Macedonia Macedonian denars per US dollar - 49.41 (2004), 54.32 (2003), 64.35 (2002), 68.04 (2001), 65.9 (2000)
Madagascar Malagasy francs per US dollar - 1,868.9 (2004), 1,238.3 (2003), 1,366.4 (2002), 1,317.7 (2001), 1,353.5 (2000)
Malawi Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 108.894 (2004), 97.433 (2003), 76.687 (2002), 72.197 (2001), 59.544 (2000)
Malaysia ringgits per US dollar - 3.8 (2004), 3.8 (2003), 3.8 (2002), 3.8 (2001), 3.8 (2000)
Maldives rufiyaa per US dollar - 12.8 (2004), 12.8 (2003), 12.8 (2002), 12.24 (2001), 11.77 (2000)
Mali Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Malta Maltese liri per US dollar - 0.3444 (2004), 0.3773 (2003), 0.4337 (2002), 0.4501 (2001), 0.4382 (2000)
Man, Isle of Manx pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)
Marshall Islands the US dollar is the legal tender
Martinique euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Mauritania ouguiyas per US dollar - NA(2004), 263.03 (2003), 271.74 (2002), 255.63 (2001), 238.92 (2000)
Mauritius Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 27.499 (2004), 27.902 (2003), 29.962 (2002), 29.129 (2001), 26.25 (2000)
Mayotte euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Mexico Mexican pesos per US dollar - 11.286 (2004), 10.789 (2003), 9.656 (2002), 9.342 (2001), 9.456 (2000)
Micronesia, Federated States of the US dollar is used
Moldova lei per US dollar - 12.33 (2004), 13.945 (2003), 13.571 (2002), 12.865 (2001), 12.434 (2000)
Monaco euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Mongolia togrogs/tugriks per US dollar - 1,185.3 (2004), 1,146.5 (2003), 1,110.3 (2002), 1,097.7 (2001), 1,076.7 (2000)
Montserrat East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000) note: fixed rate since 1976
Morocco Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.868 (2004), 9.574 (2003), 11.021 (2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000)
Mozambique meticais per US dollar - 22,581 (2004), 23,782 (2003), 23,678 (2002), 20,704 (2001), 15,227 (2000) note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public
Namibia Namibian dollars per US dollar - 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000)
Nauru Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Nepal Nepalese rupees per US dollar - 73.674 (2004), 76.141 (2003), 77.877 (2002), 74.949 (2001), 71.094 (2000)
Netherlands euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar - 1.79 (2004), 1.79 (2003), 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.79 (2000)
New Caledonia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003), 126.71 (2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.43 (2000)
New Zealand New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000)
Nicaragua gold cordobas per US dollar - 15.937 (2004), 15.105 (2003), 14.251 (2002), 13.372 (2001), 12.684 (2000)
Niger Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Nigeria nairas per US dollar - 132.89 (2004), 129.22 (2003), 120.58 (2002), 111.23 (2001), 101.7 (2000)
Niue New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000)
Norfolk Island Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Northern Mariana Islands the US dollar is used
Norway Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000)
Oman Omani rials per US dollar - 0.3845 (2004), 0.3845 (2003), 0.3845 (2002), 0.3845 (2001), 0.3845 (2000)
Pakistan Pakistani rupees per US dollar - 58.258 (2004), 57.752 (2003), 59.724 (2002), 61.927 (2001), 53.648 (2000)
Palau the US dollar is used
Panama balboas per US dollar - 1 (2004), 1 (2003), 1 (2002), 1 (2001), 1 (2000)
Papua New Guinea kina per US dollar - 3.2225 (2004), 3.5635 (2003), 3.8952 (2002), 3.3887 (2001), 2.7822 (2000)
Paraguay guarani per US dollar - 5,974.6 (2004), 6,424.3 (2003), 5,716.3 (2002), 4,105.9 (2001), 3,486.4 (2000)
Peru nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.4132 (2004), 3.4785 (2003), 3.5165 (2002), 3.5068 (2001), 3.49 (2000)
Philippines Philippine pesos per US dollar - 56.04 (2004), 54.203 (2003), 51.604 (2002), 50.993 (2001), 44.192 (2000)
Pitcairn Islands New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000)
Poland zlotych per US dollar - 3.6576 (2004), 3.8891 (2003), 4.08 (2002), 4.0939 (2001), 4.3461 (2000) note: zlotych is the plural form of zloty
Portugal euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Puerto Rico the US dollar is used
Qatar Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2004), 3.64 (2003), 3.64 (2002), 3.64 (2001), 3.64 (2000)
Reunion euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Romania lei per US dollar - 32,637 (2004), 33,200 (2003), 33,055 (2002), 29,061 (2001), 21,709 (2000)
Russia Russian rubles per US dollar - 28.814 (2004), 30.692 (2003), 31.349 (2002), 29.169 (2001), 28.129 (2000)
Rwanda Rwandan francs per US dollar - 574.62 (2004), 537.66 (2003), 476.33 (2002), 442.8 (2001), 393.44 (2000)
Saint Helena Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the British pound
Saint Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)
Saint Lucia East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000)
Samoa tala per US dollar - 2.7807 (2004), 2.9732 (2003), 3.3763 (2002), 3.478 (2001), 3.2864 (2000)
San Marino euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Sao Tome and Principe dobras per US dollar - 9,900.4 (2004), 9,347.6 (2003), 9,088.3 (2002), 8,842.1 (2001), 7,978.2 (2000)
Saudi Arabia Saudi riyals per US dollar - 3.745 (2004), 3.745 (2003), 3.745 (2002), 3.745 (2001), 3.745 (2000)
Senegal Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Serbia and Montenegro new Yugoslav dinars per US dollar - 64.1915 (official rate: 65) (2002)
Seychelles Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 5.5 (2004), 5.4007 (2003), 5.48 (2002), 5.8575 (2001), 5.7138 (2000)
Sierra Leone leones per US dollar - 2,701.3 (2004), 2,347.9 (2003), 2,099 (2002), 1,986.2 (2001), 2,092.1 (2000)
Singapore Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000)
Slovakia koruny per US dollar - 32.257 (2004), 36.773 (2003), 45.327 (2002), 48.355 (2001), 46.035 (2000)
Slovenia tolars per US dollar - 192.38 (2004), 207.11 (2003), 240.25 (2002), 242.75 (2001), 222.66 (2000)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands dollars per US dollar - 7.4847 (2004), 7.5059 (2003), 6.7488 (2002), 5.278 (2001), 5.0889 (2000)
Somalia Somali shillings per US dollar - 11,000 (November 2000), 2,620 (January 1999), 7,500 (November 1997 est.), 7,000 (January 1996 est.), 5,000 (1 January 1995) note: the Republic of Somaliland, a self-declared independent country not recognized by any foreign government, issues its own currency, the Somaliland shilling
South Africa rand per US dollar - 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000)
Spain euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Sri Lanka Sri Lankan rupees per US dollar - 101.194 (2004), 96.521 (2003), 95.662 (2002), 89.383 (2001), 77.005 (2000)
Sudan Sudanese dinars per US dollar - 257.91 (2004), 260.98 (2003), 263.31 (2002), 258.7 (2001), 257.12 (2000)
Suriname Surinamese dollars per US dollar - 2.7336 (2004), Surinamese guilders per US dollar - 2.6013 (2003), 2.3468 (2002), 2.1785 (2001), 1.3225 (2000) note: during 1998, the exchange rate splintered into four distinct rates; in January 1999 the government floated the guilder, but subsequently fixed it when the black-market rate plunged; in January 2004, the government introduced the Surinamese dollar as replacement for the guilder, tied to a US dollar-dominated currency basket
Svalbard Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000)
Swaziland emalangeni per US dollar - 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000)
Sweden Swedish kronor per US dollar - 7.3489 (2004), 8.0863 (2003), 9.7371 (2002), 10.3291 (2001), 9.1622 (2000)
Switzerland Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467 (2003), 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000)
Syria Syrian pounds per US dollar - (official rate): 11.225 (2004), 11.225 (2003), 11.225 (2002), 11.225 (2001), 11.225 (2000), (parallel market rate in Amman and Beirut) NA (2004), 52.8 (2003), 52.4 (2002), 50.4 (2002), 49.4 (2000)
Taiwan new Taiwan dollars per US dollar - 33.422 (2004), 34.418 (2003), 34.575 (2002), 33.8 (2001), 33.09 (2000)
Tajikistan Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.9705 (2004), 3.0614 (2003), 2.7641 (2002), 2.3722 (2001), 2.0763 (2000) note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles
Tanzania Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - 1,089.33 (2004), 1,038.42 (2003), 966.58 (2002), 876.41 (2001), 800.41 (2000)
Thailand baht per US dollar - 40.222 (2004), 41.485 (2003), 42.96 (2002), 44.432 (2001), 40.112 (2000)
Togo Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Tokelau New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000)
Tonga pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000)
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.299 (2004), 6.2951 (2003), 6.2487 (2002), 6.2332 (2001), 6.2998 (2000)
Tunisia Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.2455 (2004), 1.2885 (2003), 1.4217 (2002), 1.4387 (2001), 1.3707 (2000)
Turkey Turkish liras per US dollar - 1,425,500 (2004), 1,500,900 (2003), 1,507,200 (2002), 1,225,600 (2001), 625,200 (2000) Note: on 1 January 2005 the old Turkish Lira (TRL)was converted to New Turkish Lira (YTL) at a rate of 1,000,000 old to 1 New Turkish Lira
Turkmenistan Turkmen manats per US dollar - 10,100 (2004), 10,034 (2003), 10,098 (2002), 5,200 (2001) note: in recent years the unofficial rate has hovered around 21,000 manats to the dollar
Turks and Caicos Islands the US dollar is used
Tuvalu Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Uganda Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,810.3 (2004), 1,963.7 (2003), 1,797.6 (2002), 1,755.7 (2001), 1,644.5 (2000)
Ukraine hryvnia per US dollar - 5.3192 (2004), 5.3327 (2003), 5.3266 (2002), 5.3722 (2001), 5.4402 (2000)
United Arab Emirates Emirati dirhams per US dollar - 3.6725 (2004), 3.6725 (2003), 3.6725 (2002), 3.6725 (2001), 3.6725 (2000) note: officially pegged to the US dollar since February 2002
United Kingdom British pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)
United States British pounds per US dollar - 0.5457 (2004), 0.6139 (2003), 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000); Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.3014 (2004), 1.4045 (2003), 1.5693 (2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000); Japanese yen per US dollar - 108.13 (2004), 116.08 (2003), 125.39 (2002), 121.53 (2001), 107.77 (2000); euros per US dollar - 0.8048 (2004), 0.8866 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.08540 (2000)
Uruguay Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 28.704 (2004), 28.209 (2003), 21.257 (2002), 13.319 (2001), 12.1 (2000)
Uzbekistan Uzbekistani sums per US dollar - 1,020 (2004), 971.265 (2003), 771.03 (2001), 423.832 (2001), 236.61 (2000)
Vanuatu vatu per US dollar - 111.79 (2004), 122.19 (2003), 139.2 (2002), 145.31 (2001), 137.64 (2000)
Venezuela bolivares per US dollar - 1,891.3 (2004), 1,607 (2003), 1,161 (2002), 723.7 (2001), 680 (2000)
Vietnam dong per US dollar - 15,746 (2004), 15,510 (2003), 15,280 (2002), 14,725 (2001), 14,168 (2000)
Virgin Islands the US dollar is used
Wallis and Futuna Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003), 126.71 (2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.43 (2000)
West Bank new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000)
Western Sahara Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.868 (2004), 9.5744 (2003), 11.0206 (2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.6256 (2000)
Yemen Yemeni rials per US dollar - 184.78 (2004), 183.45 (2003), 175.63 (2002), 168.67 (2001), 161.72 (2000)
Zambia Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 4,778.9 (2004), 4,733.3 (2003), 4,398.6 (2002), 3,610.9 (2001), 3,110.8 (2000)
Zimbabwe Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 4,303.28 (2004), 697.424 (2003), 55.036 (2002), 55.052 (2001), 44.418 (2000) note: these are official exchange rates, non-official rates vary significantly
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2077 Executive branch
Afghanistan chief of state: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; former King ZAHIR Shah holds the honorific, "Father of the Country," and presides symbolically over certain occasions, but lacks any governing authority; the honorific is not hereditary head of government: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government cabinet: 27 ministers; note - under the new constitution, ministers are appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly elections: the president and two vice presidents are elected by direct vote for a five-year term; if no candidate receives 50% or more of the vote in the first round of voting, the two candidates with the most votes will participate in a second round; a president can only be elected for two terms; election last held 9 October 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: Hamid KARZAI elected president; percent of vote - Hamid KARZAI 55.4%, Yunus QANOONI 16.3%, Ustad Mohammad MOHAQQEQ 11.6%, Abdul Rashid DOSTAM 10.0%, Abdul Latif PEDRAM 1.4%, Masooda JALAL 1.2%
Akrotiri chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Administrator Maj. Gen. Peter Thomas Clayton PEARSON (since 9 May 2003); note - reports to the British Ministry of Defence elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is appointed by the monarch
Albania chief of state: President of the Republic Alfred MOISIU (since 24 July 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Sali BERISHA (since 10 September 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, nominated by the president, and approved by parliament elections: president elected by the People's Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 24 June 2002 (next to be held June 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Alfred MOISIU elected president; People's Assembly vote by number - total votes 116, for 97, against 19
Algeria chief of state: President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28 April 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed OUYAHIA (since 9 May 2003) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 8 April 2004 (next to be held NA April 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA reelected president for second term; percent of vote - Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA 85%, Ali BENFLIS 6.4%, Abdellah DJABALLAH 5%
American Samoa chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 7 April 2003) cabinet: cabinet made up of 12 department directors elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 2 and 16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: Togiola TULAFONO elected governor; percent of vote - Togiola TULAFONO 55.7%, Afoa Moega LUTU 44.3%
Andorra chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26 July 2002); Spanish Coprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i SICILIA (since 12 May 2003), represented by Nemesi MARQUES i OSTE (since NA) head of government: Executive Council President Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA (since 27 May 2005) cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president elections: Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held April-May 2005) election results: Marc FORNE MOLNE elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA%
Angola chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Fernando de Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS was appointed Prime Minister on 6 December 2002, but this is not a position of real power cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by universal ballot for a five-year term; President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held September 2006) election results: DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed
Anguilla chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Alan Eden HUCKLE (since 28 May 2004) head of government: Chief Minister Osbourne FLEMING (since 3 March 2000) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor from among the elected members of the House of Assembly elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Antigua and Barbuda chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir James B. CARLISLE (since 10 June 1993) head of government: Prime Minister Winston Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general
Argentina chief of state: President Nestor KIRCHNER (since 25 May 2003); Vice President Daniel SCIOLI (since 25 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Nestor KIRCHNER (since 25 May 2003); Vice President Daniel SCIOLI (since 25 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 27 April 2003 (next election to be held NA 2007) election results: results of the presidential election of 27 April 2003: Carlos Saul MENEM 24.3%, Nestor KIRCHNER 22%, Ricardo Lopez MURPHY 16.4%, Adolfo Rodriguez SAA 14.4%, Elisa CARRIO 14.2%, other 8.7%; the subsequent runoff election slated for 25 May 2003 was awarded to KIRCHNER by default after MENEM withdrew his candidacy on the eve of the election
Armenia chief of state: President Robert KOCHARIAN (since 30 March 1998) head of government: Prime Minister Andranik MARGARYAN (since 12 May 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 19 February and 5 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2008); prime minister appointed by the president; the prime minister and Council of Ministers must resign if the National Assembly refuses to accept their program election results: Robert KOCHARIAN reelected president; percent of vote - Robert KOCHARIAN 67.5%, Stepan DEMIRCHYAN 32.5%
Aruba chief of state: Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Fredis REFUNJOL (since 11 May 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Nelson O. ODUBER (since 30 October 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers (elected by the Staten) elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed for a six-year term by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by the Staten for four-year terms; election last held 28 September 2001 (next to be held by December 2005) election results: Nelson O. ODUBER elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA
Australia chief of state: Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Michael JEFFERY (since 11 August 2003) head of government: Prime Minister John Winston HOWARD (since 11 March 1996); Deputy Prime Minister Mark VAILE (since 6 July 2005) cabinet: Prime Minister nominates, from among members of Parliament, candidates who are subsequently sworn in by the Governor General to serve as government ministers elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general note: government coalition - Liberal Party and National Party
Austria chief of state: President Heinz FISCHER (since 8 July 2004) head of government: Chancellor Wolfgang SCHUESSEL (OeVP)(since 4 February 2000); Vice Chancellor Hubert GORBACH (since 21 October 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor elections: president elected by direct popular vote for a six-year term; presidential election last held 25 April 2004 (next to be held April 2010); chancellor traditionally chosen by the president from the plurality party in the National Council; vice chancellor chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor election results: Heinz FISCHER elected president; percent of vote - Heinz FISCHER (SPOe) 52.4%, Benita FERRERO-WALDNER (OeVP) 47.6% note: government coalition - OeVP and FPOe
Azerbaijan chief of state: President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since 4 November 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Abbas ABBASOV (since 10 November 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote to a five-year term; election last held 15 October 2003 (next to be held October 2008); prime minister and first deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly election results: Ilham ALIYEV elected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV 76.8%, Isa GAMBAR 14%
Bahamas, The chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Ivy DUMONT (since NA May 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Perry CHRISTIE (since 3 May 2002) and Deputy Prime Minister Cynthia PRATT (since 7 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the prime minister's recommendation elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister
Bahrain chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969) head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman al-Khalifa (since NA 1971) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Bangladesh chief of state: President Iajuddin AHMED (since 6 September 2002); note - the president's duties are normally ceremonial, but with the 13th amendment to the constitution ("Caretaker Government Amendment"), the president's role becomes significant at times when Parliament is dissolved and a caretaker government is installed - at presidential direction - to supervise the elections head of government: Prime Minister Khaleda ZIA (since 10 October 2001) cabinet: Cabinet selected by the prime minister and appointed by the president elections: president elected by National Parliament for a five-year term; election scheduled for 16 September 2002 was not held since Iajuddin AHMED was the only presidential candidate; he was sworn in on 6 September 2002 (next election to be held by NA 2007); following legislative elections, the leader of the party that wins the most seats is usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Iajuddin AHMED declared by the Election Commission elected unopposed as president; percent of National Parliament vote - NA
Barbados chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Clifford Straughn HUSBANDS (since 1 June 1996) head of government: Prime Minister Owen Seymour ARTHUR (since 7 September 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Mia MOTTLEY (since 26 May 2003) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister
Belarus chief of state: President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Sergei SIDORSKY (since 19 December 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Vladimir SEMASHKO (since December 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; first election took place 23 June and 10 July 1994; according to the 1994 constitution, the next election should have been held in 1999, however LUKASHENKO extended his term to 2001 via a November 1996 referendum; new election held 9 September 2001; October 2004 referendum ended presidential term limits allowing president to run for a third term in September 2006; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: Aleksandr LUKASHENKO reelected president; percent of vote - Aleksandr LUKASHENKO 75.6%, Vladimir GONCHARIK 15.4%
Belgium chief of state: King ALBERT II (since 9 August 1993); Heir Apparent Prince PHILIPPE, son of the monarch head of government: Prime Minister Guy VERHOFSTADT (since 13 July 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers formally appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch and then approved by parliament note: government coalition - VLD, MR, PS, SP.A-Spirit
Belize chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG, Sr. (since 17 November 1993) head of government: Prime Minister Said Wilbert MUSA (since 28 August 1998); Deputy Prime Minister John BRICENO (since 1 September 1998) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister
Benin chief of state: President Mathieu KEREKOU (since 4 April 1996); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Mathieu KEREKOU (since 4 April 1996); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; runoff election held 22 March 2001 (next to be held March 2006) election results: Mathieu KEREKOU reelected president; percent of vote - Mathieu KEREKOU 84.1%, Bruno AMOUSSOU 15.9% note: the four top-ranking contenders following the first-round presidential elections were: Mathieu KEREKOU (incumbent) 45.4%, Nicephore SOGLO (former president) 27.1%, Adrien HOUNGBEDJI (National Assembly Speaker) 12.6%, and Bruno AMOUSSOU (Minister of State) 8.6%; the second-round balloting, originally scheduled for 18 March 2001, was postponed four days because both SOGLO and HOUNGBEDJI withdrew alleging electoral fraud; this left KEREKOU to run against his own Minister of State, AMOUSSOU, in what was termed a "friendly match"
Bermuda chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since 11 April 2002) head of government: Premier William Alexander SCOTT (since 24 July 2003); Deputy Premier Ewart BROWN cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Bhutan chief of state: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972) head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Lyonpo Sangay NGEDUP (since 5 September 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the monarch, approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed, five-year terms; note - there is also a Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde), members nominated by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary, but democratic reforms in July 1998 grant the National Assembly authority to remove the monarch with two-thirds vote
Bolivia chief of state: President Eduardo RODRIGUEZ Veltze (since 9 June 2005); Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Eduardo RODRIGUEZ Veltze (since 9 June 2005); Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held June 2007) election results: as a result of no candidate winning a majority in the 30 June 2002 election, Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamante was chosen president by Congress; congressional votes - Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamante 84, Evo MORALES 43; note - following the resignation of the elected president on 17 October 2003 and Vice President Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert on 9 June 2005, Eduardo RODRIGUEZ Veltze, President of the Supreme Court and constitutional successor, became president.
Bosnia and Herzegovina chief of state: Chairman of the Presidency Ivo Miro JOVIC (since 28 June 2005; presidency member since 9 May 2005 - Croat; note - Dragan COVIC was sacked by High Representative Paddy ASHDOWN on 29 Mar 2005); other members of the three-member rotating (every eight months) presidency: Borislav PARAVAC (since 10 April 2003 - Serb); and Sulejman TIHIC (since 5 October 2002 - Bosniak) head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Adnan TERZIC (since 20 December 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the council chairman; approved by the National House of Representatives elections: the three members of the presidency (one Bosniak, one Croat, one Serb) are elected by popular vote for a four-year term; the member with the most votes becomes the chairman unless he or she was the incumbent chairman at the time of the election, but the chairmanship rotates every eight months; election last held 5 October 2002 (next to be held NA 2006); the chairman of the Council of Ministers is appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the National House of Representatives election results: percent of vote - Mirko SAROVIC with 35.5% of the Serb vote was elected chairman of the collective presidency for the first eight months; Dragan COVIC received 61.5% of the Croat vote; Sulejman TIHIC received 37% of the Bosniak vote note: President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Niko LOZANCIC (since 27 January 2003); Vice Presidents Sahbaz DZIHANOVIC (since NA 2003) and Desnica RADIVOJEVIC (since NA 2003); President of the Republika Srpska: Dragan CAVIC (since 28 November 2002)
Botswana chief of state: President Festus G. MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Festus G. MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president indirectly elected for a five-year term; election last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held NA 2009); vice president appointed by the president election results: Festus G. MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 52%
Brazil chief of state: President Luiz Inacio LULA DA SILVA (since 1 January 2003); Vice President Jose ALENCAR (since 1 January 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Luiz Inacio LULA DA SILVA (since 1 January 2003); Vice President Jose ALENCAR (since 1 January 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 6 October 2002 (next to be held 1 October 2006, with a runoff on 29 October 2006 if necessary); runoff election held 27 October 2002 election results: in runoff election 27 October 2002, Luiz Inacio LULA DA SILVA (PT) elected with 61.3% of the vote; Jose SERRA (PSDB) 38.7%
British Indian Ocean Territory chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Tony CROMBIE (since January 2004); Administrator Tony HUMPHRIES (since February 2005); note - both reside in the UK cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
British Virgin Islands chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Tom MACAN (since 14 October 2002) head of government: Chief Minister Orlando D. SMITH (since 17 June 2003) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor from members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Brunei chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Bulgaria chief of state: President Georgi PURVANOV (since 22 January 2002); Vice President Angel MARIN (since 22 January 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Sergei STANISHEV (since 16 August 2005); Deputy Prime Minister Ivaylo KALFIN (since 16 August 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 11 and 18 November 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly election results: Georgi PURVANOV elected president; percent of vote - Georgi PURVANOV 54.13%, Petar STOYANOV 45.87%; Sergei STANISHEV elected prime minister, result of legislative vote - 168 to 67
Burkina Faso chief of state: President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987) head of government: Prime Minister Ernest Paramanga YONLI (since 6 November 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 November 1998 (next to be held NA 2005); in April 2000, the constitution was amended reducing the presidential term from seven to five years, enforceable as of 2005, and allowing the president to be reelected only once; it is unclear whether this amendment will be applied retroactively or not; prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the legislature election results: Blaise COMPAORE reelected president with 87.5% percent of the vote
Burma chief of state: Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Sr. Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992) head of government: Prime Minister, Gen SOE WIN (since 19 October 2004) cabinet: State Peace and Development Council (SPDC); military junta, so named 15 November 1997, which initially assumed power 18 September 1988 under the name State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC); the SPDC oversees the cabinet elections: none
Burundi chief of state: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) head of government: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: NA; current president assumed power on 30 April 2003 as part of the transitional government established by the 2000 Arusha Accord; note - next presidential election is scheduled for 22 April 2005
Cambodia chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992), Norodom SIRIVUDH, SOK AN, LU LAY SRENG, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers in theory appointed by the monarch; in practice named by the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king
Cameroon chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) head of government: Prime Minister Ephraim INONI (since 8 Dec 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held NA October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 70.9%, John FRU NDI 17.4%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 4.5%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.7%
Canada chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Michaelle Jean (since 27 October 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN (since 12 December 2003) cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
Cape Verde chief of state: President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president election results: Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note - the election was won by only twelve votes
Cayman Islands chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Governor Bruce DINWIDDY (since 29 May 2002) head of government: Leader of Government Business Kurt TIBBETTS (since 18 May 2005) cabinet: Executive Council (three members appointed by the governor, four members elected by the Legislative Assembly) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor is appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or coalition is appointed by the governor Leader of Government Business
Central African Republic chief of state: President Francois BOZIZE (since 15 March 2003 coup) head of government: Prime Minister Elie DOTE (since 13 June 2005) note - Celestin GAOMBALET resigned 11 June 2005 cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: president elected to five year term with a two-term limit; next presidential elections scheduled for 10 April 2005; prime minister appointed by the political party with a parliamentary majority
Chad chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Pascal YOADIMNADJI (since 3 February 2005) cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 63%, Ngarlegy YORONGAR 16%, Saleh KEBZABO 7%
Chile chief of state: President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 12 December 1999, with runoff election held 16 January 2000 (next to be held December 2005) election results: Ricardo LAGOS Escobar elected president; percent of vote - Ricardo LAGOS Escobar 51.32%, Joaquin LAVIN 48.68%
China chief of state: President HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) and Vice President ZENG Qinghong (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Premier WEN Jiabao (since 16 March 2003); Vice Premiers HUANG Ju (since 17 March 2003), WU Yi (17 March 2003), ZENG Peiyan (since 17 March 2003), and HUI Liangyu (since 17 March 2003) cabinet: State Council appointed by the National People's Congress (NPC) elections: president and vice president elected by the National People's Congress for five-year terms; elections last held 15-17 March 2003 (next to be held mid-March 2008); premier nominated by the president, confirmed by the National People's Congress election results: HU Jintao elected president by the Tenth National People's Congress with a total of 2,937 votes (four delegates voted against him, four abstained, and 38 did not vote); ZENG Qinghong elected vice president by the Tenth National People's Congress with a total of 2,578 votes (177 delegates voted against him, 190 abstained, and 38 did not vote); two seats were vacant
Christmas Island chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Evan WILLIAMS (since 1 November 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Cocos (Keeling) Islands chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator (nonresident) Evan WILLIAMS (since 1 November 2003) cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Colombia chief of state: President Alvaro URIBE Velez (since 7 August 2002); Vice President Francisco SANTOS (since 7 August 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Alvaro URIBE Velez (since 7 August 2002); Vice President Francisco SANTOS (since 7 August 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet consists of a coalition of the two dominant parties - the PL and PSC - and independents elections: president and vice president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 26 May 2002 (next to be held May 2006) election results: President Alvaro URIBE Velez received 53% of the vote; Vice President Francisco SANTOS was elected on the same ticket
Comoros chief of state: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2002); note - following a 1999 coup AZALI was appointed president; in January 2002 he resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO was appointed interim president until replaced again by AZALI in May 2002 when BOLERO was appointed Minister of External Defense and Territorial Security; the president is both the chief of state and the head of government head of government: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2002); note - following a 1999 coup AZALI was appointed president; in January 2002 he resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO was appointed interim president until replaced again by AZALI in May 2002 when BOLERO was appointed Minister of External Defense and Territorial Security; the president is both the chief of state and the head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: as defined by the 2001 constitution, the presidency rotates every four years among the elected presidents from the three main islands in the Union; election last held 14 April 2002 (next to be held April 2007); prime minister appointed by the president; note - AZALI has not appointed a Prime Minister since he was sworn into office in May 2002 election results: President AZALI Assoumani elected president with 75% of the vote
Congo, Democratic Republic of the chief of state: President Joseph KABILA (since 26 January 2001); note - following the assassination of his father, Laurent Desire KABILA, on 16 January 2001, Joseph KABILA succeeded to the presidency; the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Joseph KABILA (since 26 January 2001); note - following the assassination of his father, Laurent Desire KABILA, on 16 January 2001, Joseph KABILA succeeded to the presidency; the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: National Executive Council, appointed by the president elections: prior to the overthrow of MOBUTU Sese Seko, the president was elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 29 July 1984 (next was scheduled to be held in May 1997); formerly, there was also a prime minister who was elected by the High Council of the Republic; note - a Transitional Government is drafting a new constitution with free elections scheduled to be held in NA 2005 election results: MOBUTU Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga reelected president in 1984 without opposition note: Joseph KABILA succeeded his father, Laurent Desire KABILA, following the latter's assassination in January 2001, negotiations with rebel leaders led to the establishment of a transitional government in July 2003 with free elections scheduled to be held in NA 2005
Congo, Republic of the chief of state: President Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO (since 25 October 1997, following the civil war in which he toppled elected president Pascal LISSOUBA); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO (since 25 October 1997, following the civil war in which he toppled elected president Pascal LISSOUBA); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second seven-year term); election last held 10 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO reelected president; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO 89.4%, Joseph Kignoumbi Kia MBOUNGOU 2.7%
Cook Islands chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Frederick GOODWIN (since 9 February 2001); New Zealand High Commissioner Kurt MEYER (since July 2001), representative of New Zealand head of government: Prime Minister Jim MARURAI (since 14 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Terepai MAOATE (since 9 August 2005) cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister; collectively responsible to Parliament elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the UK representative is appointed by the monarch; the New Zealand high commissioner is appointed by the New Zealand Government; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually becomes prime minister
Coral Sea Islands administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories
Costa Rica chief of state: President Abel PACHECO (since 8 May 2002); First Vice President Lineth SABORIO (since 8 May 2002); Second Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Abel PACHECO (since 8 May 2002); First Vice President Lineth SABORIO (since 8 May 2002); Second Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president elections: president and vice presidents elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 3 February 2002; run-off election held 7 April 2002 (next to be held February 2006) election results: Abel PACHECO elected president; percent of vote - Abel PACHECO (PUSC) 58%; Rolando ARAYA (PLN) 42%
Cote d'Ivoire chief of state: President Laurent GBAGBO (since 26 October 2000); head of government: Prime Minister Seydou DIARRA (since 25 January 2003); note - appointed as transitional Prime Minister by President GBAGBO as part of a French brokered peace plan cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 26 October 2000 (next to be held October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Laurent GBAGBO elected president; percent of vote - Laurent GBAGBO 59.4%, Robert GUEI 32.7%, Francis WODIE 5.7%, other 2.2%
Croatia chief of state: President Stjepan (Stipe) MESIC (since 18 February 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Ivo SANADER (since 9 December 2003); Deputy Prime Ministers Jadranka KOSOR (since 23 December 2003) and Damir POLANEC (since NA February 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the parliamentary Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 January 2005 (next to be held January 2010); the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president and then approved by the Assembly election results: Stjepan MESIC reelected president; percent of vote - Stjepan MESIC (HNS) 66%, Jadranka KOSOR (HDZ) 34%
Cuba chief of state: President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president of the Council of State and appointed by the National Assembly or the 31-member Council of State, elected by the Assembly to act on its behalf when it is not in session elections: president and vice presidents elected by the National Assembly for a term of five years; election last held 6 March 2003 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Fidel CASTRO Ruz reelected president; percent of legislative vote - 100%; Raul CASTRO Ruz elected vice president; percent of legislative vote - 100%
Cyprus chief of state: President Tassos PAPADOPOULOS (since 1 March 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; post of vice president is currently vacant; under the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot head of government: President Tassos PAPADOPOULOS (since 1 March 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; post of vice president is currently vacant; under the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed jointly by the president and vice president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008) election results: Tassos PAPADOPOULOS elected president; percent of vote - Tassos PAPADOPOULOS 51.5%, Glafkos KLIRIDIS 38.8%, Alekos MARKIDIS 6.6% note: Mehmet Ali TALAT becomes "president" of north Cyprus, 24 April 2005, after "presidential" elections on 17 April 2005; results - Mehmet Ali TALAT 55.6%, Dervis EROGLU 22.7%; Ferdi Sabit SOYER is "prime minister"; there is a Council of Ministers (cabinet) in north Cyprus, appointed by the "prime minister"
Czech Republic chief of state: President Vaclav KLAUS (since 7 March 2003) note: the Czech Republic's first president Vaclav HAVEL stepped down from office on 2 February 2003 having served exactly 10 years; parliament finally elected a successor on 28 February 2003 after two inconclusive elections in January 2003 head of government: Prime Minister Jiri PAROUBEK (since 25 April 2005), Deputy Prime Ministers Zdenek SKROMACH (since 4 August 2004), Martin JAHN (since 4 August 2004), Pavel NEMEC (since 4 August 2004), Milan SIMONOVSKY (since 4 August 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by Parliament for a five-year term; last successful election held 28 February 2003 (after earlier elections held 15 and 24 January 2003 were inconclusive; next election to be held January 2008); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Vaclav KLAUS elected president on 28 February 2003; Vaclav KLAUS 142 votes, Jan SOKOL 124 votes (third round; combined votes of both chambers of parliament)
Denmark chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968) head of government: Prime Minister Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN (since 27 November 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by parliament elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch
Dhekelia chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Administrator Maj. Gen. Peter Tomas Clayton PEARSON (since 9 May 2003); note - reports to the British Ministry of Defence elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is appointed by the monarch
Djibouti chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed Dileita DILEITA (since 4 March 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 8 April 2005 (next to be held by April 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 100%
Dominica chief of state: President Nicholas J. O. LIVERPOOL (since October 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Roosevelt SKERRIT (since 8 January 2004); note - assumed post after death of Prime Minister Pierre CHARLES cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister elections: president elected by the House of Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 1 October 2003 (next to be held October 2008); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Nicholas LIVERPOOL elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA%
Dominican Republic chief of state: President Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna (since 16 August 2004); Vice President Rafael ALBURQUERQUE de Castro (since 16 August 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna (since 16 August 2004); Vice President Rafael ALBURQUERQUE de Castro (since 16 August 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 16 May 2004 (next to be held in May 2008) election results: Leonel FERNANDEZ elected president; percent of vote - Leonel FERNANDEZ (PLD) 57.1%, Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (PRD) 33.7%, Eduardo ESTRELLA (PRSC) 8.7%
East Timor chief of state: President Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO (since 20 May 2002); note - the president plays a largely symbolic role but is able to veto some legislation; he formerly used the name Jose Alexandre GUSMAO head of government: Prime Minister Mari Bin Amude ALKATIRI (since 20 May 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 April 2002 (next to be held in April 2007); after the first legislative elections, the leader of the majority party was appointed prime minister by the president, suggesting a precedent for the future election results: Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO elected president; percent of vote - Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO 82.7%, Francisco Xavier do AMARAL 17.3%
Ecuador chief of state: President Alfredo PALACIO (since 20 April 2005); Vice President Nicanor Alejandro SERRANO Aguilar (since 5 May 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; former President Lucio GUTIERREZ was removed from office by congress effective 20 April 2005 head of government: President Alfredo PALACIO (since 20 April 2005); Vice President Nicanor Alejandro SERRANO Aguilar (since 5 May 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: the president and vice president are elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a four-year term (no immediate reelection); election last held 20 October 2002; runoff election held 24 November 2002 (next to be held October 2006) election results: results of the 24 November 2002 runoff election - Lucio GUTIERREZ elected president; percent of vote - Lucio GUTIERREZ 54.3%; Alvaro NOBOA 45.7%; note - Vice President Alfredo PALACIO assumed the presidency on 20 April 2005 after congress removed Lucio GUTIERREZ from office
Egypt chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981) head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for six-year term; note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote; previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum; last referendum held 26 September 1999; first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005; next election scheduled for 2011 election results: Hosni MUBARAK reelected president; percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%, Ayman NOUR 7.6%, Noman GOMAA 2.9%
El Salvador chief of state: President Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 21 March 2004 (next to be held March 2009) election results: Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez elected president; percent of vote - Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (ARENA) 57.7%, Schafik HANDAL (FMLN) 35.6%, Hector SILVA (CDU-PDC) 3.9%, other 2.8%
Equatorial Guinea chief of state: President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup) head of government: Prime Minister Miguel Abia BITEO BORICO (since 14 June 2004); First Deputy Prime Minister Mercelino Oyono NTUTUMU (since 15 June 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama NFUBEA (since 15 June 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 15 December 2002 (next to be held December 2009); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO 97.1%, Celestino Bonifacio BACALE 2.2%; elections marred by widespread fraud
Eritrea chief of state: President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly head of government: President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly cabinet: State Council is the collective executive authority; members appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly; election last held 8 June 1993 (next election date uncertain as the National Assembly did not hold a presidential election in December 2001 as anticipated) election results: ISAIAS Afworki elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS Afworki 95%
Estonia chief of state: President Arnold RUUTEL (since 8 October 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Andrus ANSIP (since 12 April 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a five-year term; if a candidate does not secure two-thirds of the votes after three rounds of balloting in the Parliament, then an electoral assembly (made up of Parliament plus members of local governments) elects the president, choosing between the two candidates with the largest percentage of votes; election last held 21 September 2001 (next to be held in the fall of 2006); prime minister nominated by the president and approved by Parliament election results: Arnold RUUTEL elected president on 21 September 2001 by a 367-member electoral assembly that convened following Parliament's failure in August to elect then-President MERI's successor; on the second ballot of voting, RUUTEL received 186 votes to Parliament Speaker Toomas SAVI's 155; the remaining 26 ballots were either left blank or invalid
Ethiopia chief of state: President GIRMA Woldegiorgis (since 8 October 2001) head of government: Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since NA August 1995) cabinet: Council of Ministers as provided for in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives elections: president elected by the House of People's Representatives for a six-year term; election last held 8 October 2001 (next to be held October 2007); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections election results: GIRMA Woldegiorgis elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - 100%
European Union chief of union: President of the European Commission Jose DURAO BARROSO (since 22 November 2004) cabinet: European Commission (composed of 25 members, one from each member country; each commissioner responsible for one or more policy areas) elections: the president of the European Commission is designated by member governments; the president-designate then chooses the other Commission members; the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a five-year term; election last held 18 November 2004 (next to be held 2009) election results: European Parliament approved the European Commission by an approval vote of 449 to 149 with 82 abstentions note: the European Council brings together heads of state and government and the president of the European Commission and meets at least twice a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the major political issues relating to European integration and to issue general policy guidelines
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Faroe Islands chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Birgit KLEIS, chief administrative officer (since 1 November 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Joannes EIDESGAARD (since 3 February 2004) cabinet: Landsstyri appointed by the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the Faroese Parliament; election last held 20 January 2004 (next to be held no later than January 2008) election results: Joannes EIDESGAARD elected prime minister; percent of parliamentary vote - NA% note: coalition of Social Democrats, Union Party, and People's Party
Fiji chief of state: President Ratu Josefa ILOILOVATU Uluivuda (since 18 July 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE (since 10 September 2000) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament; note - there is also a Presidential Council that advises the president on matters of national importance and a Great Council of Chiefs, which consists of the highest ranking members of the traditional chief system elections: president elected by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term; prime minister appointed by the president election results: Ratu Josefa ILOILOVATU Uluivuda elected president by the Great Council of Chiefs; percent of vote - NA%
Finland chief of state: President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Matti VANHANEN (since 24 June 2003) and Deputy Prime Minister Eero HEINALUOMA (since 24 September 2005) cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 16 January 2000 and 6 February 2000 (next to be held February 2006); the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister from the majority party or the majority coalition after parliamentary elections and the parliament must approve the appointment election results: Tarja HALONEN elected president; percent of vote - Tarja HALONEN (SDP) 51.6%, Esko AHO (Kesk) 48.4% note: government coalition - Kesk, SDP, and SFP
France chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995) head of government: Prime Minister Dominique DE VILLEPIN (since 31 May 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the suggestion of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (changed from seven-year term in October 2000); election last held 21 April and 5 May 2002 (next to be held, first round April 2007, second round May 2007); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly majority and appointed by the president election results: Jacques CHIRAC reelected president; percent of vote, second ballot - Jacques CHIRAC (RPR) 81.96%, Jean-Marie LE PEN (FN) 18.04%
French Guiana chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Ange MANCINI (since 31 July 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Joseph HO-TEN-YOU (since 26 March 2001); President of the Regional Council Antoine KARAM (since 22 March 1992) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; presidents of the General and Regional Councils are appointed by the members of those councils
French Polynesia chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Michel MATHIEU (since 24 October 2001); note - Michel MATHIER leaves 30 July 2005, replaced by Jacques MICHAUT (acting high commissioner), until the arrival of Anne BOQUET in early September 2005 head of government: President of the Territorial Government of French Polynesia Oscar TEMARU (since 3 March 2005); President of the Territorial Assembly Antony GEROS (since 9 May 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers; president submits a list of members of the Territorial Assembly for approval by them to serve as ministers elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Government and the president of the Territorial Assembly are elected by the members of the assembly
Gabon chief of state: President El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba (since 2 December 1967) head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Francois NTOUTOUME-EMANE (since 23 January 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 December 1998 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba reelected; percent of vote - El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba 66.6%, Pierre MAMBOUNDOU 16.5%, Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE 13.4%
Gambia, The chief of state: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 he was Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 was he Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 October 2001 (next to be held October 2006) election results: Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH 52.9%, Ousainou DARBOE 32.7%
Georgia chief of state: President Mikheil SAAKASHVILI (since 25 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government for the power ministries: state security (includes interior) and defense head of government: President Mikheil SAAKASHVILI (since 25 January 2004); Prime Minister Zurab NOGHAIDELI (since 17 February 2005); note - the president is the chief of state and head of government for the power ministries: state security (includes interior) and defense; the prime minister is head of the remaining ministries of government cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 4 January 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: Mikheil SAAKASHVILI elected president; percent of vote - Mikheil SAAKASHVILI 96.3%, Temur SHASHIASHVILI 1.9%
Germany chief of state: President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004) head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998); Vice Chancellor Joschka FISCHER (since 17 October 1998) cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor elections: president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 2004 (next to be held 23 May 2009); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held September 2006) election results: Horst KOEHLER elected president; received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN; Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor; percent of Federal Assembly vote 50.7%
Ghana chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008) election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 53.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.7%
Gibraltar chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003) head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Greece chief of state: President Karolos PAPOULIAS (since 12 March 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Konstandinos KARAMANLIS (since 7 March 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by parliament for a five-year term; election last held 8 February 2005 (next to be held by February 2010); according to the Greek Constitution, presidents may only serve two terms; president appoints leader of the party securing plurality of vote in election to become prime minister and form a government election results: Karolos PAPOULIAS elected president; number of parlimentary votes, 279 out of 300
Greenland chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Peter LAURITEEN (since NA 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Hans ENOKSEN (since 14 December 2002) cabinet: Home Rule Government is elected by the parliament (Landstinget) on the basis of the strength of parties elections: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; prime minister is elected by parliament (usually the leader of the majority party); election last held 3 December 2002 (next to be held December 2006) election results: Hans ENOKSEN elected prime minister note: government coalition - Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit
Grenada chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Daniel WILLIAMS (since 9 August 1996) head of government: Prime Minister Keith MITCHELL (since 22 June 1995) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general
Guadeloupe chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Paul GIROT DE LANGLADE (since 17 August 2004) head of government: President of the General Council Jacques GILLOT (since 26 March 2001); President of the Regional Council Victorin LUREL (since 2 April 2004) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils election results: NA
Guam chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Felix P. P. CAMACHO (since 6 January 2003) and Lieutenant Governor Kaleo MOYLAN (since 6 January 2003) cabinet: executive departments; heads appointed by the governor with the consent of the Guam legislature elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for a four-year term; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year term; election last held 5 November 2002 (next to be held November 2006) election results: Felix P. P. CAMACHO elected governor; percent of vote - Felix P. P. CAMACHO (Republican Party) 55.4%, Robert A. UNDERWOOD (Democratic Party) 44.6%
Guatemala chief of state: President Oscar Jose Rafael BERGER Perdomo (since 14 January 2004); Vice President Eduardo STEIN Barillas (since 14 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Oscar Jose Rafael BERGER Perdomo (since 14 January 2004); Vice President Eduardo STEIN Barillas (since 14 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 9 November 2003; runoff held 28 December 2003 (next to be held November 2007) election results: Oscar BERGER Perdomo elected president; percent of vote - Oscar BERGER Perdomo (GANA) 54.1%, Alvarado COLOM (UNE) 45.9%
Guernsey chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-Chief Lt. Gen. Sir John FOLEY (since NA 2000) head of government: Chief Minister Laurie MORGAN (since 1 May 2004) cabinet: Policy Council elected by the States of Deliberation elections: the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister is elected by States of Delibertion election results: Laurie MORGAN elected chief minister, percent of vote of the States of Deliberation NA%
Guinea chief of state: President Lansana CONTE (head of military government since 5 April 1984, elected president 19 December 1993) head of government: Prime Minister Cellou Dalein DIALLO (since 4 December 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast to be elected president; election last held 21 December 2003 (next to be held December 2008); the prime minister is appointed by the president election results: Lansana CONTE reelected president; percent of vote - Lansana CONTE (PUP) 95.3%, Mamadou Boye BARRY (UPR) 4.6%
Guinea-Bissau chief of state: President Henrique ROSA (interim; since 28 September 2003); note - a September 2003 coup overthrew the elected government of Kumba YALA; General Verissimo Correia SEABRA served as interim president from 14 to 28 September 2003 head of government: Prime Minister Carlos GOMES Junior (since 9 May 2004) cabinet: NA elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 28 November 1999 and 16 January 2000 (next to be held May 2005); prime minister appointed by the president after consultation with party leaders in the legislature election results: Kumba YALA elected president; percent of vote, second ballot - Kumba YALA (PRS) 72%, Malan Bacai SANHA (PAIGC) 28% note: a bloodless coup led to the dissolution of the elected government of Kumba YALA in September 2003; General Verissimo Correia SEABRA served as interim president from 14 September 2003 until stepping aside on 28 September 2003 with the establishment of a caretaker government
Guyana chief of state: President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 11 August 1999); note - assumed presidency after resignation of President Janet JAGAN head of government: Prime Minister Samuel HINDS (since December 1997) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, responsible to the legislature elections: president elected by the majority party in the National Assembly following legislative elections, which must be held at least every five years; elections last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held by March 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Bharrat JAGDEO reelected; percent of legislative vote - NA%
Haiti chief of state: Interim President Boniface ALEXANDRE (since 29 February 2004) note: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE resigned as president on 29 February 2004; ALEXANDRE, as Chief of the Supreme Court, constitutionally succeeded Aristide head of government: Interim Prime Minister Gerald LATORTUE (since 12 March 2004), chosen by extraconstitutional Council of Eminent Persons representing cross-section of political and civic interests cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in November 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly election results: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92%
Holy See (Vatican City) chief of state: Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 1 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
Honduras chief of state: President Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (since 27 January 2002); First Vice President Vicente WILLIAMS Agasse (since 27 January 2002); Second Vice President Armida Villela Maria DE LOPEZ Contreras (since 27 January 2002); Third Vice President Alberto DIAZ Lobo (since 27 January 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (since 27 January 2002); First Vice President Vicente WILLIAMS Agasse (since 27 January 2002); Second Vice President Armida Villela Maria DE LOPEZ Contreras (since 27 January 2002); Third Vice President Alberto DIAZ Lobo (since 27 January 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 25 November 2001 (next to be held 27 November 2005) election results: Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (PN) elected president - 52.2%, Raphael PINEDA Ponce (PL) 44.3%, others 3.5%
Hong Kong chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Donald TSANG (since 24 June 2005) cabinet: Executive Council consists of seven non-official members and 14 official members elections: previous chief executive TUNG Chee-hwa was elected to second five-year term in March 2002 by 800-member election committee dominated by pro-Beijing forces, resignation accepted 12 March 2005; Donald TSANG acted as chief executive between 12 March 2005 and 25 May 2005; Henry TANG acted as chief executive between 25 May 2005 and 24 June 2005; last election 16 June 2005 to fill final two years of TUNG's term (next to be held in June 2007)
Hungary chief of state: Laszlo SOLYOM (since 5 August 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Ferenc GYURCSANY (since 29 September 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6-7 June 2005 (next to be held by June 2010); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held 29 September 2004 election results: Laszlo SOLYOM elected president by a simple majority in the third round of voting, 185 to 182; Ferenc GYURCSANY elected prime minister; result of legislative vote - 197 to 12 note: to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round
Iceland chief of state: President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996) head of government: Prime Minister Halldor ASGRIMSSON (since 15 September 2004); note - Former Prime Minister David ODDSSON switched positions with former Foreign Minister Halldor ASGRIMMSON cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by parliament elections: president, which is largely a ceremonial post, elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 26 June 2004 (next to be held June 2008); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister election results: Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON wins with 85.6% of the vote, Baldur AGUSTSSON 12.5%, Astthor MAGNUSSON 1.9%
India chief of state: President A.P.J. Abdul KALAM (since 26 July 2002); Vice President Bhairon Singh SHEKHAWAT (since 19 August 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Manmohan SINGH (since NA May 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the states for a five-year term; election last held July 2002 (next to be held 18 July 2007); vice president elected by both houses of Parliament for a five-year term; election last held 12 August 2002 (next to be held August 2007); prime minister chosen by parliamentary members of the majority party following legislative elections; election last held April - May 2004 (next to be held May 2009) election results: Abdul KALAM elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 89.6%; Bhairon Singh SHEKHAWAT elected vice president; percent of Parliament vote - 59.8%
Indonesia chief of state: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004) and Vice President Muhammad Yusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004) and Vice President Muhammad Yusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2004); cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president were elected for five-year terms by direct vote of the citizenry; last held 20 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2009) election results: Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO elected president receiving 60.6% of vote; MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri received 39.4%
Iran chief of state: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989) head of government: President Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD (since 3 August 2005) First Vice President Dr. Mohammad Reza AREF-Yazdi (since 26 August 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the Supreme Leader has some control over appointments to the more sensitive ministries elections: leader of the Islamic Revolution appointed for life by the Assembly of Experts; president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 17 June 2005 with a two-candidate runoff on 24 June 2005 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD elected president; percent of vote - Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD 62%, Ali Akbar Hashemi RAFSANJANI 36%; note - 2% of ballots spoiled
Iraq chief of state: Iraqi Transitional Government (ITG) President Jalal TALABANI (since 6 April 2005); Deputy Presidents Adil Abd AL-MAHDI and Ghazi al-Ujayl al-YAWR (since 6 April 2005); note - the President and Deputy Presidents comprise the Presidency Council) head of government: Iraqi Transitional Government (ITG) Prime Minister Ibrahim al-JAFARI (since April 2005); Deputy Prime Ministers Rowsch SHAWAYS, Ahmad CHALABI, and Abid al-Mutlaq al-JABBURI (since May 2005) cabinet: 32 ministers appointed by the Presidency Council, plus Prime Minister Ibrahim al-JAFARI, Deputy Prime Ministers Rowsch SHAWAYS, Ahmad CHALABI, and Abid al-Mutlaq al-JABBURI elections: held 30 January 2005 to elect a 275-member Transitional National Assembly that will draft a permanent constitution and pave the way for new national elections at the end of 2005
Ireland chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011); note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6% note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
Israel chief of state: President Moshe KATZAV (since 31 July 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Ariel SHARON (since 7 March 2001) cabinet: Cabinet selected by prime minister and approved by the Knesset elections: president is largely a ceremonial role and is elected by the Knesset for a seven-year term; election last held 31 July 2000 (next to be held mid-2007); following legislative elections, the president assigns a Knesset member - traditionally the leader of the largest party - the task of forming a governing coalition; election last held 28 January 2003 (next scheduled to be held fall of 2006) election results: Moshe KATZAV elected president by the 120-member Knesset with a total of 60 votes, other candidate, Shimon PERES, received 57 votes (there were three abstentions); Ariel SHARON continues as prime minister after Likud Party victory in January 2003 Knesset elections; Likud won 38 seats and then formed coalition government with Shinui, the National Religious Party, and the National Union
Italy chief of state: President Carlo Azeglio CIAMPI (since 13 May 1999) head of government: Prime Minister (referred to in Italy as the president of the Council of Ministers) Silvio BERLUSCONI (since 10 June 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and approved by the president elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of both houses of parliament and 58 regional representatives for a seven-year term; election last held 13 May 1999 (next to be held May 2006); prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by parliament election results: Carlo Azeglio CIAMPI elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 70% note: a four-party government coalition includes Forza Italia, National Alliance, Northern League, and Union of Christian Democrats and Center Democrats
Jamaica chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard Felix COOKE (since 1 August 1991) head of government: Prime Minister Percival James PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Representatives is appointed prime minister by the governor general; the deputy prime minister is recommended by the prime minister
Japan chief of state: Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989) head of government: Prime Minister Junichiro KOIZUMI (since 26 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister elections: Diet designates prime minister; constitution requires that prime minister commands parliamentary majority; following legislative elections, leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition in House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister; KOIZUMI's term as leader of the LDP is scheduled to end in September 2006; a new prime minister may be chosen at that time; monarch is hereditary
Jersey chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Air Chief Marshall Sir John CHESHIRE (since 24 January 2001) and Bailiff Philip Martin BAILHACHE (since NA February 1995) cabinet: committees appointed by the Assembly of the States elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch
Jordan chief of state: King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999); Prince HUSSEIN (born 1994), son of King ABDALLAH, is first in line to inherit the throne head of government: Prime Minister Adnan BADRAN (since 7 April 2005); Deputy Prime Ministers Marwan al-MUASHER and Hisham al-TEL (since 3 July 2005) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Kazakhstan chief of state: President Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV (chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 22 February 1990, elected president 1 December 1991) head of government: Prime Minister Daniyal AKHMETOV (since 13 June 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Akhmetzhan YESIMOV (since 14 May 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 10 January 1999, a year before it was previously scheduled (next to be held NA 2006); note - President NAZARBAYEV's previous term was extended to 2000 by a nationwide referendum held 30 April 1995; prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president election results: Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV 81.7%, Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN 12.1%, Gani KASYMOV 4.7%, Engels GABBASSOV 1.5% note: President NAZARBAYEV arranged a referendum in 1995 that expanded his presidential powers: only he can initiate constitutional amendments, appoint and dismiss the government, dissolve Parliament, call referenda at his discretion, and appoint administrative heads of regions and cities
Kenya chief of state: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002) and Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002) and Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; in addition to receiving the largest number of votes in absolute terms, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff; election last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held December 2007); vice president appointed by the president election results: President Mwai KIBAKI elected; percent of vote - Mwai KIBAKI 63%, Uhuru KENYATTA 30%
Kiribati chief of state: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: 12-member Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament elections: the House of Parliament chooses the presidential candidates from among its members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 4 July 2003 (next to be held not later than July 2007); vice president appointed by the president election results: Anote TONG 47.4%, Harry TONG 43.5%, Banuera BERINA 9.1%
Korea, North chief of state: KIM Jong Il (since July 1994); note - on 3 September 2003, rubberstamp Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) reelected KIM Jong Il Chairman of the National Defense Commission, a position accorded nation's "highest administrative authority"; SPA reelected KIM Yong Nam President of its Presidium also with responsibility of representing state and receiving diplomatic credentials; SPA appointed PAK Pong Ju Premier head of government: Premier PAK Pong Ju (since 3 September 2003); Vice Premiers KWAK Pom Gi (since 5 September 1998), JON Sung Hun (since 3 September 2003), RO Tu Chol (since 3 September 2003) cabinet: Cabinet (Naegak), members, except for the Minister of People's Armed Forces, are appointed by the SPA elections: election last held in September 2003 (next to be held in September 2008) election results: KIM Jong Il and KIM Yong Nam were only nominees for positions and ran unopposed
Korea, South chief of state: President ROH Moo-hyun (since 25 February 2003) head of government: Prime Minister LEE Hae-chan (since 25 May 2004); Deputy Prime Ministers HAN Duck-soo (14 March 2005), KIM Jin-pyo (since 28 January 2005), and OH Myung (since 18 October 2004) cabinet: State Council appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation elections: president elected by popular vote for single five-year term; election last held 19 December 2002 (next to be held in February 2008); prime minister appointed by president with consent of National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by president on prime minister's recommendation election results: results of the 19 December 2002 election - ROH Moo-hyun elected president; percent of vote - ROH Moo-hyun (MDP) 48.9%; LEE Hoi-chang (GNP) 46.6%; other 4.5%
Kuwait chief of state: Amir JABIR al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 31 December 1977); Crown Prince SAAD al-Abdullah al-Salim al-Sabah head of government: Prime Minister SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 13 July 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior NAWWAF al-Ahmad al-Sabah (since 2003); Deputy Prime Ministers JABIR MUBARAK al-Hamad al-Sabah (since 2001) and Muhammad Dayfallah al-SHARAR (since 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister and approved by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
Kyrgyzstan chief of state: President Kurmanbek BAKIYEV (since 14 August 2005); note - former President Askar AKAYEV resigned effective 11 April 2005 following widespread protests that forced him to flee the country on 24 March 2005 head of government: Prime Minister Feliks KULOV (since 1 September 2005) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: Kurmanbek BAKIYEV elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 10 July 2005 (next scheduled for NA 2010); prime minister nominated by the president for approval by Parliament election results: Kurmanbek BAKIYEV elected president; percent of vote - Kurmanbek BAKIYEV 88.6%, Tursunbai BAKIR-UULU 3.9%, other candidates 7.5%; Feliks KULOV approved as prime minister 55-8
Laos chief of state: President Gen. KHAMTAI Siphadon (since 26 February 1998) and Vice President Lt. Gen. CHOUMMALI Saignason (since 27 March 2001) head of government: Prime Minister BOUNGNANG Volachit (since 27 March 2001); First Deputy Prime Minister Bouasone BOUPHAVANH (since 3 October 2003) Deputy Prime Minister Maj. Gen. ASANG Laoli (since May 2002), Deputy Prime Minister THONGLOUN Sisolit (since 27 March 2001), and Deputy Prime Minister SOMSAVAT Lengsavat (since 26 February 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the National Assembly elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 24 February 2002 (next to be held in 2007); prime minister appointed by the president with the approval of the National Assembly for a five-year term election results: KHAMTAI Siphadon elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA%
Latvia chief of state: President Vaira VIKE-FREIBERGA (since 8 July 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Aigars KALVITIS (since 2 December 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the Parliament elections: president reelected by Parliament for a four-year term; election last held 20 June 2003 (next to be held by June 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Vaira VIKE-FREIBERGA reelected president; parliamentary vote - Vaira VIKE-FREIBERGA 88 of 94 votes cast
Lebanon chief of state: President Emile LAHUD (since 24 November 1998) head of government: Prime Minister Fuad SINIORA (since 30 June 2005); Deputy Prime Minister Elias MURR (since April 2005) cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president and members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a six-year term; election last held 15 October 1998 (next election date NA); note - on 3 September 2004 the National Assembly voted 96 to 29 to extend Emile LAHUD's six-year term by three years; the prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly; by agreement, the president is a Maronite Christian, the prime minister is a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of the legislature is a Shia Muslim election results: for 15 October 1998 election: Emile LAHUD elected president; National Assembly vote - 118 votes in favor, 0 against, 10 abstentions
Lesotho chief of state: King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995, while his father was in exile head of government: Prime Minister Pakalitha MOSISILI (since 23 May 1998) cabinet: Cabinet elections: none; according to the constitution, the leader of the majority party in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister; the monarch is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution, which came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to determine who is next in the line of succession, who shall serve as regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age, and may even depose the monarch
Liberia chief of state: Chairman Gyude BRYANT (since 14 October 2003); note - this is an interim position until presidential elections in 2005; the chairman is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Chairman Gyude BRYANT (since 14 October 2003); note - this is an interim position until presidential elections in 2005; the chairman is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; note - current cabinet positions are divided among groups participating in the Liberian peace process elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (renewable); election last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held 11 October 2005) election results: Charles Ghankay TAYLOR elected president; percent of vote - Charles Ghankay TAYLOR (NPP) 75.3%, Ellen Johnson SIRLEAF (UP) 9.6%, Alhaji KROMAH (ALCOP) 4%, other 11.1%; note - TAYLOR stepped down in August 2003 note: a UN-brokered cease-fire among warring factions and the Liberian government resulted in the August 2003 resignation of former president Charles TAYLOR; a jointly agreed upon replacement, Chairman Gyude BRYANT, assumed office as head of the National Transitional Government on 14 October 2003
Libya chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister) Shukri Muhammad GHANIM (since 14 June 2003) cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA) election results: NA
Liechtenstein chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968); note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state head of government: Head of Government Ottmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
Lithuania chief of state: President Valdas ADAMKUS (since 12 July 2004) head of government: Premier Algirdas Mykolas BRAZAUSKAS (since 3 July 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the premier elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 13 June 2004 and 27 June 2004 (next to be held June 2009); premier appointed by the president on the approval of the Parliament election results: Valdas ADAMKUS elected president; percent of vote - Valdas ADAMKUS 52.2%, Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE 47.8%
Luxembourg chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981) head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 1 January 1995) and Vice Prime Minister Jean ASSELBORN (since 31 July 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following popular elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the monarch; they are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies note: government coalition - CSV and LSAP
Macau chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for up to two five-year terms election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent
Macedonia chief of state: President Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 12 May 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Vlado BUCKOVSKI (since 17 December 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - current cabinet formed by the government coalition parties SDSM, LDP, and BDI elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; two-round election last held 14 April and 28 April 2004 (next to be held April 2009); prime minister elected by the Assembly; election last held 1 November 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: Branko CRVENKOVSKI elected president on second-round ballot; percent of vote - Branko CRVENKOVSKI 62.7%, Sasko KEDEV 37.3%; Vlado BUCKOVSKI elected prime minister by the Assembly
Madagascar chief of state: President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held November 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5%
Malawi chief of state: President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (since 24 May 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (since 24 May 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: 46-member Cabinet named by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 20 May 2004 (next to be held May 2009) election results: Bingu wa MUTHARIKA elected president; percent of vote - Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (UDF) 35.9%, John TEMBO (MCP) 27.1%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MC) 25.7%, Brown MPINGANJIRA (NDA) 8.7%, Justin MALEWEZI (independent) 2.5%
Malaysia chief of state: Paramount Ruler Tuanku SYED SIRAJUDDIN ibni Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail, the Raja of Perlis (since 12 December 2001) head of government: Prime Minister ABDULLAH bin Ahmad Badawi (since 31 October 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak (since 7 January 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament with consent of the paramount ruler elections: paramount ruler elected by and from the hereditary rulers of nine of the states for five-year terms; election last held 12 December 2001 (next to be held in 2006); prime minister designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader of the party that wins a plurality of seats in the House of Representatives becomes prime minister election results: Tuanku SYED SIRAJUDDIN ibni Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail elected paramount ruler
Maldives chief of state: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president nominated by the Majlis and then the nomination must be ratified by a national referendum (at least a 51% approval margin is required); president elected for a five-year term; election last held 17 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2008) election results: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected in referendum held 17 October 2003; percent of popular vote - Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM 90.3%
Mali chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi MAIGA (since 30 April 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (two-term limit); election last held 12 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE elected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 64.4%, Soumaila CISSE 35.6%
Malta chief of state: President Eddie FENECH ADAMI (since 4 April 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Lawrence GONZI (since 23 March 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister elections: president elected by the House of Representatives for a five-year term; election last held 29 March 2004 (next to be held by April 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president for a five-year term; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister election results: Eddie FENECH ADAMI elected president; percent of House of Representatives vote - 33 out of 65 votes
Man, Isle of chief of state: Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Lieutenant Governor Ian MACFADYEN (since 26 October 2002) head of government: Chief Minister Donald GELLING (since 14 December 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed by the monarch for a five-year term; the Chief Minister is elected by the Tynwald; election last held 14 December 2004 (next to be held December 2010) election results: Donald GELLING elected chief minister by the Tynwald; note - Richard CORKILL resigned 2 December 2004
Marshall Islands chief of state: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament from among its own members for a four-year term; election last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held November 2007) election results: Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%
Martinique chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995); Prefect Yves DASSONVILLE (since 14 January 2004); note - took office 8 February 2004 head of government: President of the General Council Claude LISE (since 22 March 1992); President of the Regional Council Alfred MARIE-JEANNE (since NA March 1998) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Mauritania chief of state: President Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA (since 12 December 1984); note - President TAYA deposed in a coup by the Military Council for Justice and Democracy led by Col. Ely Ould Mohamed VALL on 3 August 2005 head of government: Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould BOUBAKAR (since 8 August 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 7 November 2003 (next to be held NA 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA reelected for a third term with 60.8% of the vote
Mauritius chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003) and Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 30 September 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%; note - Karl OFFMANN stepped down on 30 September 2003
Mayotte chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Jean-Paul KIHL (since 17 January 2005) head of government: President of the General Council Said Omar OILI (since NA 2004) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; president of the General Council elected by the members of the General Council for a six-year term
Mexico chief of state: President Vicente FOX Quesada (since 1 December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Vicente FOX Quesada (since 1 December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; note - appointment of attorney general requires consent of the Senate elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held 2 July 2006) election results: Vicente FOX Quesada elected president; percent of vote - Vicente FOX Quesada (PAN) 42.52%, Francisco LABASTIDA Ochoa (PRI) 36.1%, Cuauhtemoc CARDENAS Solorzano (PRD) 16.64%, other 4.74%
Micronesia, Federated States of chief of state: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION (11 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION (11 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators at large for four-year terms; election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held May 2007); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed election results: Joseph J. URUSEMAL elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA%
Moldova chief of state: President Vladimir VORONIN (since 4 April 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Vasile TARLEV (since 15 April 2001), First Deputy Prime Minister Vasile IOVV (since 29 January 2002) cabinet: selected by president, subject to approval of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a four-year term; election last held 4 April 2005 (next to be held NA 2009); note - prime minister designated by the president, upon consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence from the Parliament regarding his/her work program and entire cabinet; prime minister designated 15 April 2001, cabinet received a vote of confidence 19 April 2001 election results: Vladimir VORONIN reelected president; parliamentary votes - Vladimir VORONIN 75, Gheorghe DUCA 1; Vasile TARLEV designated prime minister; parliamentary votes of confidence - 75 of 101
Monaco chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005) head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Mongolia chief of state: President Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (since 24 June 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Tsakhi ELBEGDORJ (since 20 August 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Chultem ULAAN (since 28 September 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the State Great Hural (parliament) in consultation with the president elections: presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in State Great Hural and elected by popular vote for a four-year term; presidential tenure limited to two four-year terms; election last held 22 May 2005 (next to be held in May 2009); following legislative elections, leader of majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by State Great Hural election results: Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR elected president; percent of vote - Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (MPRP) 53.44%, Mendsaikhanin ENKHSAIKHAN (DP) 20.05%, Bazarsadyn JARGALSAIKHAN (MRP) 13.92%, Badarchyn ERDENEBAT (M-MNSDP) 12.59%; Tsakhi ELBEGDORJ elected prime minister by the State Great Hural 74 to 0
Montserrat chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Deborah BARNES-JONES (since 10 May 2004) head of government: Chief Minister John OSBORNE (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes chief minister
Morocco chief of state: King MOHAMED VI (since 30 July 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Driss JETTOU (since 9 October 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch following legislative elections
Mozambique chief of state: President Armando GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Luisa DIOGO (since 17 February 2004) cabinet: Cabinet elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Armando GUEBUZA elected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 63.7%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 31.7%
Namibia chief of state: President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 15 November 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Nahas ANGULA (since 21 March 2005) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 November 2004 (next to be held November 2009) election results: Hifikepunye POHAMBA elected president; percent of vote - NA%
Nauru chief of state: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 26 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 26 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 23 October 2004 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: Ludwig SCOTTY was unopposed in the parliamentary elections for president
Nepal chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew, King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah) head of government: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA; note - the Prime Minister resigned in Februrary 2005 cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; note - the King dissolved the Cabinet in February 2005 elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle
Netherlands chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch head of government: Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Laurens Jan BRINKHORST (since 31 March 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
Netherlands Antilles chief of state: Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Etienne YS (since 3 June 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the Staten (legislature) elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a six-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the Staten; election last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held by NA 2006) note: government coalition - PAR, PNP, PLKP, DP St. Maarten, UP Bonaire, WIPM Saba, DP Statia
New Caledonia chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Michel MATHIEU (since 15 July 2005) head of government: President of the Government Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU (since 10 June 2004) cabinet: Consultative Committee elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 29 June 2004 when Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU was elected on the third vote with 8 votes for and 3 abstentions
New Zealand chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA July 2002) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Nicaragua chief of state: President Enrique BOLANOS Geyer (since 10 January 2002); Vice President Jose RIZO Castellon (since 10 January 2002); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Enrique BOLANOS Geyer (since 10 January 2002); Vice President Jose RIZO Castellon (since 10 January 2002); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 4 November 2001 (next to be held by November 2006) election results: Enrique BOLANOS Geyer (PLC) elected president - 56.3%, Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 42.3%, Alberto SABORIO (PCN) 1.4%; Jose RIZO Castellon elected vice president
Niger chief of state: President TANDJA Mamadou (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President TANDJA Mamadou (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president cabinet: 27-member Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; second round last held 4 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: TANDJA Mamadou reelected president; percent of vote - TANDJA Mamadou 65.5%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 34.5%
Nigeria chief of state: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Federal Executive Council elections: president is elected by popular vote for no more than two four-year terms; election last held 19 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: Olusegun OBASANJO elected president; percent of vote - Olusegun OBASANJO (PDP) 61.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI (ANPP) 31.2%, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu OJUKWU (APGA) 3.3%, other 3.6%
Niue chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 12 May 2005 (next to be held May 2008) election results: Young VIVIAN reelected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 85%, O'Love JACOBSEN (independent) 15%
Norfolk Island chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 Ocotber 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%
Northern Mariana Islands chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Juan N. BABAUTA (since 14 January 2002); Lieutenant Governor Diego T. BENAVENTE (since 14 January 2002) cabinet: NA elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 3 November 2001 (next to be held November 2005) election results: Juan N. BABAUTA elected governor in a four-way race; percent of vote - Juan N. BABAUTA (Republican Party) 42.8%
Norway chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch (born 20 July 1973) head of government: Prime Minister Jens STOLTENBERG (since 17 October 2005) cabinet: State Council appointed by the monarch with the approval of parliament elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament
Oman chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said al-Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said al-Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Pakistan note: following a military takeover on 12 October 1999, Chief of Army Staff and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, General Pervez MUSHARRAF, suspended Pakistan's constitution and assumed the additional title of Chief Executive; on 12 May 2000, Pakistan's Supreme Court unanimously validated the October 1999 coup and granted MUSHARRAF executive and legislative authority for three years from the coup date; on 20 June 2001, MUSHARRAF named himself as president and was sworn in, replacing Mohammad Rafiq TARAR; in a referendum held on 30 April 2002, MUSHARRAF's presidency was extended by five more years; on 1 January 2004, MUSHARRAF won a vote of confidence in the Senate, National Assembly, and four provincial assemblies chief of state: President General Pervez MUSHARRAF (since 20 June 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Shaukat AZIZ (since 28 August 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister elections: the president is elected by Parliament for a five-year term; note - in a referendum held on 30 April 2002, MUSHARRAF's presidency was extended by five more years (next to be held NA 2007); the prime minister is selected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (next to be held NA 2007) election results: AZIZ elected by the National Assembly on 27 August 2004 with 191 of the votes
Palau chief of state: President Tommy Esang REMENGESAU, Jr. (since 19 January 2001) and Vice President Camsek CHIN (since 1 January 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Tommy Esang REMENGESAU, Jr. (since 19 January 2001) and Vice President Camsek CHIN (since 1 January 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet elections: president and vice president elected on separate tickets by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: Tommy Esang REMENGESAU, Jr. reelected president; percent of vote - Tommy Esang REMENGESAU, Jr. 64%, Polycarp BASILIUS 33%; Elias Camsek CHIN elected vice president; percent of vote - Elias Camsek CHIN 70%, Sandra PIERANTOZZI 29%
Panama chief of state: President Martin TORRIJOS Espino (since 1 September 2004); First Vice President Samuel LEWIS Navarro (since 1 September 2004); Second Vice President Ruben AROSEMENA Valdes (since 1 September 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Martin TORRIJOS Espino (since 1 September 2004); First Vice President Samuel LEWIS Navarro (since 1 September 2004); Second Vice President Ruben AROSEMENA Valdes (since 1 September 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice presidents elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 2 May 2004 (next to be held 3 May 2009); note - beginning in 2009, Panama will have only one vice president. election results: Martin TORRIJOS Espino elected president; percent of vote - Martin TORRIJOS Espino 47.5%, Guillermo ENDARA Galimany 30.6%, Jose Miguel ALEMAN 17%, Ricardo MARTINELLI 4.9% note: government coalition - PRD (Democratic Revolutionary Party), PP (Popular Party)
Papua New Guinea chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by governor general Sir Paulius MATANE (since 29 June 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Sir Michael SOMARE (since 2 August 2002); deputy prime minister (vacant) cabinet: National Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the National Executive Council; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by the governor general
Paraguay chief of state: President Nicanor DUARTE Frutos (since 15 August 2003); Vice President Luis CASTIGLIONI Joria (since 15 August 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Nicanor DUARTE Frutos (since 15 August 2003); Vice President Luis CASTIGLIONI Joria (since 15 August 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 27 April 2003 (next to be held April 2008) election results: Nicanor DUARTE Frutos elected president; percent of vote - Nicanor DUARTE Frutos 37.1%, Julio Cesar Ramon FRANCO Gomez 23.9%, Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL Niella 21.3%, Guillermo SANCHEZ Guffanti 13.5%, other 4.2%
Peru chief of state: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally, the constitution provides for two vice presidents, First Vice President (vacant) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN Rjavinsthi (since 28 July 2001) head of government: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally, the constitution provides for two vice presidents, First Vice President (vacant) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN Rjavinsthi (since 28 July 2001) note: Prime Minister Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI (since 25 August 2005) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special presidential and congressional elections held 8 April 2001, with runoff election held 3 June 2001; next to be held 9 April 2006 election results: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique 53.1%, Alan GARCIA 46.9%
Philippines chief of state: President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001); note - president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (since 20 January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with consent of Commission of Appointments elections: president and vice president (Manuel "Noli" DE CASTRO) elected on separate tickets by popular vote for six-year terms; election last held 10 May 2004 (next to be held in May 2010) election results: results of the election - Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO elected president; percent of vote - Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO 40%, Fernando POE 37%, three others 23%
Pitcairn Islands chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor (nonresident) of the Pitcairn Islands Richard FELL (since NA December 2001); Commissioner (nonresident) Leslie JAQUES (since September 2003); serves as liaison between the governor and the Island Council head of government: Governor Richard FELL; mayor and chairman of the Island Council Jay WARREN (since 15 December 2004) cabinet: NA elections: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner and commissioner appointed by the monarch; island mayor elected by popular vote for a three-year term; election last held December 2004 (next to be held December 2007) election results: Jay WARREN elected mayor and chairman of the Island Council
Poland chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995) head of government: Prime Minister Marek BELKA (since 24 June 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Izabela JARUGA-NOWACKA (since 24 June 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held October 2005); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president; percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzej OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
Portugal chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996) head of government: Prime Minister Jose SOCRATES (since 12 March 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Jorge SAMPAIO reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%
Puerto Rico chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA (since 2 January 2005) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the legislature elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA (PPD) elected governor; percent of vote - 48.4%
Qatar chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad al-Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince TAMIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, third son of the monarch (selected Heir Apparent by the monarch on 5 August 2003); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of Minister of Defense and Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa al-Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998); First Deputy Prime Minister HAMAD bin JASIM bin JABIR al-Thani (since 16 September 2003; also Foreign Minister since 1992); Second Deputy Prime Minister Abdallah bin Hamad al-ATTIYAH (since 16 September 2003; also Energy Minister since NA 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary note: in April 2003, Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC), which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services; the first election for the CMC was held in March 1999
Reunion chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Laurent CAYREL (since 16 July 2005) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Romania chief of state: President Traian BASESCU (since 20 December 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Calin Popescu-TARICEANU (since 29 December 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 28 November 2004, with runoff between the top two candidates held 12 December 2004 (next to be held 28 November 2009 and 12 December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: percent of vote - Traian BASESCU 51.23%, Adrian NASTASE 48.77%
Russia chief of state: President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (acting president since 31 December 1999, president since 7 May 2000) head of government: Premier Mikhail Yefimovich FRADKOV (since 5 March 2004); Deputy Premier Aleksandr Dmitriyevich ZHUKOV (since 9 March 2004) cabinet: Ministries of the Government or "Government" composed of the premier and his deputy, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president note: there is also a Presidential Administration (PA) that provides staff and policy support to the president, drafts presidential decrees, and coordinates policy among government agencies; a Security Council also reports directly to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 14 March 2004 (next to be held March 2008); note - no vice president; if the president dies in office, cannot exercise his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the premier succeeds him; the premier serves as acting president until a new presidential election is held, which must be within three months; premier appointed by the president with the approval of the Duma election results: Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN reelected president; percent of vote - Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN 71.2%, Nikolay KHARITONOV 13.7%, other (no candidate above 5%) 15.1%
Rwanda chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held NA 2008) election results: Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote; Paul KAGAME 95.05%, Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%, Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
Saint Helena chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief Michael CLANCY (since 15 October 2004) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Saint Kitts and Nevis chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Cuthbert Montraville SEBASTIAN (since 1 January 1996) head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS (since 6 July 1995) and Deputy Prime Minister Sam CONDOR (since 6 July 1995) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general in consultation with the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor general is appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Saint Lucia chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Pearlette LOUISY (since September 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Kenneth Davis ANTHONY (since 24 May 1997) and Deputy Prime Minister Mario MICHEL (since 24 May 1997) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor general is appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Saint Pierre and Miquelon chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Albert DUPUY (since 10 January 2005) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Fredrick Nathaniel BALLANTYNE (since 2 September 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Ralph E. GONSALVES (since 29 March 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor general is appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
Samoa chief of state: Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA (cochief of state from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5 April 1963) head of government: Prime Minister Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA (since 1996); note - TUILA'EPA served as deputy prime minister from 1992 and assumed the duties of acting prime minister in 1996, when former Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana resigned in poor health; TUILA'EPA was confirmed as prime minister (November 1998) after TOFILAU died; Deputy Prime Minister MISA Telefoni (since 2001) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 members, appointed by the chief of state on the prime minister's advice elections: upon the death of Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA, a new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly
San Marino chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Claudio MUCCIOLI and Captain Regent Antonello BACCIOCHI (for the period 1 October 2005 - 31 March 2006) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2005 (next to be held March 2006); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general elections are scheduled) election results: Claudio MUCCIOLI and Antonello BACCIOCHI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA% note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Sao Tome and Principe chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Maria do Carmo SILVEIRA (since 7 June 2005); Damiao Vaz DE ALMEIDA resigned 2 June 2005 cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 July 2001 (next to be held July 2006); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president in Sao Tome's third multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - NA%
Saudi Arabia chief of state: King and Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 1 August 2005); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SULTAN bin Abd al- Aziz Al Saud (half brother of the monarch, born 5 January 1928) note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: King and Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 1 August 2005); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SULTAN bin Abd al- Aziz Al Saud (half brother of the monarch, born 5 January 1928) note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers is appointed by the monarch and includes many royal family members elections: note - in October 2003, Council of Ministers announced its intent to introduce elections for half of the members of local and provincial assemblies and a third of the members of the national Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura, incrementally over a period of four to five years; in November 2004, the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs initiated voter registration for partial municipal council elections scheduled nationwide for February through April 2005
Senegal chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Macky SALL (since 21 April 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term under new constitution; election last held under prior constitution (seven-year terms) 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held February 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
Serbia and Montenegro chief of state: President Svetozar MAROVIC (since 7 March 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Svetozar MAROVIC (since 7 March 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Federal Ministries act as Cabinet elections: president elected by the parliament for a four-year term; election last held 7 March 2003 (next to be held 2007) election results: Svetozar MAROVIC elected president by the parliament; vote was Svetozar MAROVIC 65, other 47
Seychelles chief of state: President James MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President James MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 31 August-2 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: France Albert RENE re-elected president; percent of vote - France Albert RENE (SPPF) 54.19%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN (UO) 44.95%, Philippe BOULLE 0.86%; note - the first time that presidential elections have been held separately from legislative elections; France Albert RENE stepped down 14 April 2004 and Vice President James MICHEL was sworn in as president
Sierra Leone chief of state: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007); note - president's tenure of office is limited to two five-year terms election results: Ahmad Tejan KABBAH reelected president; percent of vote - Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (SLPP) 70.6%, Ernest KOROMA (APC) 22.4%
Singapore chief of state: President Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN (since 1 September 1999) head of government: Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 12 August 2004); Senior Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 12 August 2004); Minister Mentor LEE Kuan Yew (since 12 August 2004); Deputy Prime Ministers Shunmugan JAYAKUMAR (since 12 August 2004) and Tony TAN Keng Yam (since 1 August 1995) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to Parliament elections: president elected by popular vote for six-year term; last appointed 17 August 2005 (next election to be held by August 2011); following legislative elections, leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by president; deputy prime ministers appointed by president election results: Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN appointed president in August 2005 after Presidential Elections Committee disqualified three other would-be candidates
Slovakia chief of state: President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Ivan MIKLOS (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Pal CSAKY (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Pavol RUSKO (since May 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 3 April and 17 April 2004 (next to be held April 2009); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Ivan GASPAROVIC elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 59.9%, Vladimir MECIAR 40.1%; Mikulas DZURINDA reelected prime minister October 2002 note: government coalition - SDKU, SMK, KDH, ANO
Slovenia chief of state: President Janez DRNOVSEK (since 22 December 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Janez JANSA (since 9 November 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 10 November and 1 December 2002 (next to be held in the fall of 2007); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly; election last held 9 November 2004 (next National Assembly elections to be held October 2008) election results: Janez DRNOVSEK elected president; percent of vote - Janez DRNOVSEK 56.5%, Barbara BREZIGAR 43.5%; Janez JANSA elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 27
Solomon Islands chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Nathaniel WAENA (since 7 July 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Sir Allan KEMAKEZA (since 17 December 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Snyder RINI (since 17 December 2001) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 20 members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of Parliament elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of Parliament for up to five years; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of Parliament
Somalia chief of state: Abdullahi YUSUF Ahmed (since 14 October 2004); note - a new Transitional Federal Government consisting of a 275-member parliament was established in October 2004 but remains resident in Nairobi, Kenya, and has not extablished effective governance inside Somalia head of government: Prime Minister Ali Muhammad GHEDI (since 24 December 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by the Transitional Federal Assembly election results: Abdullahi YUSUF Ahmed, the leader of the Puntland region of Somalia, was elected president by the Transitional Federal Assembly
South Africa chief of state: President Thabo MBEKI (since 16 June 1999); Executive Deputy President Phumzile MLAMBO-NGCUKA (since 23 June 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Thabo MBEKI (since 16 June 1999); Executive Deputy President Phumzile MLAMBO-NGCUKA (since 23 June 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 24 April 2004 (next to be held April 2009) election results: Thabo MBEKI elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 100% (by acclamation) note: ANC-IFP is the governing coalition
Spain chief of state: King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975); Heir Apparent Prince FELIPE, son of the monarch, born 30 January 1968 head of government: President of the Government and Prime Minister Jose Luis RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO (since 17 April 2004); First Vice President and Deputy Prime Minister (and Minister of the Presidency) Maria Teresa FERNANDEZ DE LA VEGA (since 18 April 2004) and Second Vice President (and Minister of Economy and Finance) Pedro SOLBES (since 18 April 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers designated by the president note: there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government, but its recommendations are non-binding elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually proposed president by the monarch and elected by the National Assembly; election last held 14 March 2004 (next to be held March 2008); vice presidents appointed by the monarch on the proposal of the president election results: Jose Luis RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO (PSOE) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 52.29%
Sri Lanka chief of state: President Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (since 12 November 1994); note - Mahinda RAJAPAKSE (since 6 April 2004) is the prime minister; the president is considered both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (since 12 November 1994); note - Mahinda RAJAPAKSE is the prime minister (since 6 April 2004); the president is considered both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 21 December 1999 (next to be held NA December 2005) election results: Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA reelected president; percent of vote - Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA 51%, Ranil WICKREMASINGHE 42%, other 7%
Sudan chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Salva KIIR (since 4 August 2005), Second Vice President Ali Osman TAHA (since 20 September 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Lt. Gen. Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Salva KIIR (since 4 August 2005), Second Vice President Ali Osman TAHA (since 20 September 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the National Congress Party or NCP (formerly the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates al-BASHIR's cabinet elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 13-23 December 2000 (next to be held NA) election results: Field Marshall Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR 86.5%, Ja'afar Muhammed NUMAYRI 9.6%, three other candidates received a combined vote of 3.9%; election widely viewed as rigged; all popular opposition parties boycotted elections because of a lack of guarantees for a free and fair election note: al-BASHIR assumed power as chairman of Sudan's Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (RCC) in June 1989 and served concurrently as chief of state, chairman of the RCC, prime minister, and minister of defense until mid-October 1993 when he was appointed president by the RCC; he was elected president by popular vote for the first time in March 1996
Suriname chief of state: President Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN (since 12 August 2000); Vice President Jules Rattankoemar AJODHIA (since 12 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN (since 12 August 2000); Vice President Jules Rattankoemar AJODHIA (since 12 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly or, if no presidential or vice presidential candidate receives a a two-thirds constitutional majority in the National Assembly after two votes, by a simple majority in the larger People's United Assembly (869 representatives from the national, local, and regional councils), for five-year terms; election last held 25 May 2005 (next to be held 25 May 2010)
Svalbard chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Swaziland chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986) head of government: Prime Minister Absolom Themba DLAMINI (since 14 November 2003) cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Sweden chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977) head of government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by the parliament; election last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006) election results: Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes
Switzerland chief of state: President Samuel SCHMID (since 1 January 2005); Vice President Moritz LEUENBERGER (since 1 January 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Samuel SCHMID (since 1 January 2005); Vice President Moritz LEUENBERGER (since 1 January 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) elected by the Federal Assembly usually from among its own members for a four-year term elections: president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among the members of the Federal Council for one-year terms that run concurrently; election last held 8 December 2004 (next to be held December 2005) election results: Samuel SCHMID elected president; percent of Federal Assembly vote - 70.7%; Moritz LEUENBERGER elected vice president; percent of legislative vote - 64.8%
Syria chief of state: President Bashar al-ASAD (since 17 July 2000); Vice Presidents Abd al-Halim ibn Said KHADDAM (since 11 March 1984) and Muhammad Zuhayr MASHARIQA (since 11 March 1984) head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-UTRI (since 10 September 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; referendum/election last held 10 July 2000 - after the death of President Hafiz al-ASAD, father of Bashar al-ASAD - (next to be held 2007); vice presidents appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: Bashar al-ASAD elected president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD 97.29% note: Hafiz al-ASAD died on 10 June 2000; on 20 June 2000, the Ba'th Party nominated Bashar al-ASAD for president and presented his name to the People's Council on 25 June 2000
Taiwan chief of state: President CHEN Shui-bian (since 20 May 2000) and Vice President Annette LU (LU Hsiu-lien) (since 20 May 2000) head of government: Premier (President of the Executive Yuan) Frank HSIEH (since 1 February 2005) and Vice Premier (Vice President of the Executive Yuan) - WU Rong-i) (since 18 February 2005) cabinet: Executive Yuan appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 20 March 2004 (next to be held in March 2008); premier appointed by the president; vice premiers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the premier election results: CHEN Shui-bian re-elected president; percent of vote - CHEN Shui-bian (DPP) 50.1%, LIEN Chan (KMT) 49.9%
Tajikistan chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president; Tajikistan held a constitutional referendum on 22 June 2003 that, among other things, set a limit of two seven-year terms for the president election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2%
Tanzania chief of state: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000 cabinet: Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held 30 October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2%
Thailand chief of state: King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet (since 9 June 1946) head of government: Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat (since 9 February 2001) and Deputy Prime Ministers CHITCHAI Wannasathi (since 11 March 2005), PHINIT Charusombat (since 6 October 2004), SOMKHIT Chatusiphithak (since 11 March 2005), SURAKIAT Sathianthai (since 11 March 2005); SURIYA Chungrungruankit (since 3 August 2005), SUWAT Liptapanlop (since 3 August 2005), WISANU Kruangam (since 8 November 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers note: there is also a Privy Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister is designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following national elections for the House of Representatives, the leader of the party that can organize a majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by the king
Togo chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 6 February 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE; popular elections in April 2005 validated the succession head of government: Prime Minister Edem KODJO (since 8 June 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Faure GNASSINGBE elected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 38.3%, Nicolas LAWSON 1.0%, Harry OLYMPIO 0.6%
Tokelau chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General of New Zealand Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001); New Zealand is represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since 1 March 2003) head of government: Pio TUIA (since February 2005); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) cabinet: the Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau, consisting of three Faipule (village leaders) and three Pulenuku (village mayors) functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term
Tonga chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since 3 January 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister James C. COCKER (since NA January 2001) cabinet: cabinet consists of 16 members, 12 appointed by the monarch for life; 4 appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly including 2 each from the Nobles and Peoples representatives serving three year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Trinidad and Tobago chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Patrick MANNING (since 24 December 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 14 February 2003 (next to be held in 2008); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 43%
Tunisia chief of state: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987) head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a fourth term; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI 94.5%, Mohamed BOUCHIHA 3.8%, Mohamed Ali HALOUANI 1%
Turkey chief of state: President Ahmet Necdet SEZER (since 16 May 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (14 March 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a seven-year term; election last held 5 May 2000 (next to be held May 2007); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of parliament election results: Ahmed Necdet SEZER elected president on the third ballot; percent of National Assembly vote - 60% note: president must have a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly on the first two ballots and a simple majority on the third ballot
Turkmenistan chief of state: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president note: NIYAZOV's term in office was extended indefinitely on 28 December 1999 during a session of the People's Council (Halk Maslahaty) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1992 (next to be held in 2008 when NIYAZOV turns 70 and is constitutionally ineligible to run); note - President NIYAZOV was unanimously approved as president for life by the People's Council on 28 December 1999; deputy chairmen of the cabinet of ministers are appointed by the president election results: Saparmurat NIYAZOV elected president without opposition; percent of vote - Saparmurat NIYAZOV 99.5%
Turks and Caicos Islands chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1953), represented by Governor Richard TAUWHARE (since 11 July 2005) head of government: Chief Minister Michael Eugene MISICK (since 15 August 2003) cabinet: Executive Council consists of three ex officio members and five appointed by the governor from among the members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed chief minister by the governor
Tuvalu chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Filoimea TELITO (since 15 April 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Maatia TOAFA (since 11 October 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held following parliamentary elections in 2006) election results: Saufatu SOPOANGA resigned parliamentary seat on 27 August 2004 following no-confidence vote on 25 August 2004; succeeded by Deputy Prime Minister Maatia TOAFA in an acting capacity on 27 August 2004; Maatia TOAFA confirmed Prime Minister in a Parliamentary election (8-7 vote) on 11 October 2004
Uganda chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 12 March 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); note - first popular election for president since independence in 1962 was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 69.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 27.8%
Ukraine chief of state: President Viktor A. YUSHCHENKO (since 23 January 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Yuriy YEKHANUROV (since 22 September 2005); First Deputy Prime Minister - Stanislav STASHEVSKYY (since 27 September 2005) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council, but significantly revamped and strengthened under former-President KUCHMA; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a Presidential Administration that helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president; and a Council of Regions that serves as an advisory body elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; note - a special repeat runoff presidential election between Viktor YUSHCHENKO and Viktor YANUKOVYCH took place on 26 December 2004 after the earlier 21 November 2004 contest - won by Mr. YANUKOVYCH - was invalidated by the Ukrainian Supreme Court because of widespread and significant violations; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council election results: Viktor YUSHCHENKO elected president; percent of vote - Viktor YUSHCHENKO 51.99%, Viktor YANUKOVYCH 44.2%
United Arab Emirates chief of state: President Sheikh KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004) and Vice President MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai) head of government: Prime Minister MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai); Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990); Deputy Prime Minister HAMDAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 October 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power elections: president and vice president elected by the Federal Supreme Council (composed of rulers of the seven emirates) for five-year terms; election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (next to be held 2009); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president election results: Sheikh KHALIFA bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan elected president by a unanimous vote of the FSC; MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum unanimously reaffirmed vice president
United Kingdom chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948) head of government: Prime Minister Anthony (Tony) BLAIR (since 2 May 1997) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister
United States chief of state: President George W. BUSH (since 20 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President George W. BUSH (since 20 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with Senate approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each state; president and vice president serve four-year terms; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: George W. BUSH reelected president; percent of popular vote - George W. BUSH (Republican Party) 50.9%, John KERRY (Democratic Party) 48.1%, other 1.0%
Uruguay chief of state: President Tabare VAZQUEZ (since 1 March 2005) and Vice President Rodolfo NIN NOVA (since 1 March 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Tabare VAZQUEZ (since 1 March 2005) and Vice President Rodolfo NIN NOVA (since 1 March 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009) election results: Tabare VAZQUEZ elected president; percent of vote - Tabare VAZQUEZ 50.5%, Jorge LARRANAGA 35.1%, Guillermo STIRLING 10.3%
Uzbekistan chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet) head of government: Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYAYEV (since 11 December 2003) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (previously was a five-year term, extended by constitutional amendment in 2002); election last held 9 January 2000 (next to be held December 2007); prime minister and deputy ministers appointed by the president election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 91.9%, Abdulkhafiz JALALOV 4.2%
Vanuatu chief of state: President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 11 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 11 December 2004); Prime Minister Serge VOHOR ousted in no-confidence vote on 11 December 2004 cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held 16 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 29 July 2004 (next to be held following general elections in 2008) election results: Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president, with 49 votes out of 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004
Venezuela chief of state: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Vice President Jose Vicente RANGEL Vale (since 28 April 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Vice President Jose Vicente RANGEL Vale (since 28 April 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 30 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: Hugo CHAVEZ Frias reelected president; percent of vote - 60% note: a special presidential recall vote on 15 August 2004 resulted in a victory for CHAVEZ; percent of vote - 58% in favor of CHAVEZ fulfilling the remaining two years of his term, 42% in favor of terminating his presidency immediately
Vietnam chief of state: President Tran Duc LUONG (since 24 September 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Phan Van KHAI (since 25 September 1997); First Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Tan DUNG (since 29 September 1997); Deputy Prime Ministers Vu KHOAN (8 August 2002) and Pham Gia KHIEM (since 29 September 1997) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president based on proposal of prime minister and ratification of National Assembly elections: president elected by the National Assembly from among its members for a five-year term; election last held 25 July 2002 (next to be held when National Assembly meets following legislative elections in 2007); prime minister appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the prime minister election results: Tran Duc LUONG elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA%
Virgin Islands chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL (since 5 January 1999) cabinet: NA elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 5 November 2002 (next to be held November 2006) election results: Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL reelected governor; percent of vote - Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL (Democrat) 50.5%, John de JONGH 24.4%
Wallis and Futuna chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Administrator Xavier DE FURST (since 18 January 2005) head of government: President of the Territorial Assembly Patalione KANIMOA (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Council of the Territory consists of three kings and three members appointed by the high administrator on the advice of the Territorial Assembly note: there are three traditional kings with limited powers elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high administrator appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the Territorial Government and the Territorial Assembly are elected by the members of the assembly
Western Sahara none
Yemen chief of state: President Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen, assumed office upon the merger of North and South Yemen); Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since 3 October 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Abd al-Qadir BA JAMAL (since 4 April 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister elections: president elected by direct, popular vote for a seven-year term (recently extended from a five-year term by constitutional amendment); election last held 23 September 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: Ali Abdallah SALIH elected president; percent of vote - Ali Abdallah SALIH 96.3%, Najib Qahtan AL-SHAABI 3.7%
Zambia chief of state: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Lupando MWAPE (since 4 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Lupando MWAPE (since 4 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 27 December 2001 (next to be held December 2006); vice president appointed by the president election results: Levy MWANAWASA elected president; percent of vote - Levy MWANAWASA 29%, Anderson MAZOKA 27%, Christon TEMBO 13%, Tilyenji KAUNDA 10%, Godfrey MIYANDA 8%, Benjamin MWILA 5%, Michael SATA 3%, other 5%
Zimbabwe chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a 6-year term; election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held March 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2078 Exports
Afghanistan $446 million (not including illicit exports or reexports) (FY03-04)
Albania $552.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Algeria $32.16 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
American Samoa $30 million (2002)
Andorra $58 million f.o.b. (1998)
Angola $12.76 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Anguilla $2.6 million (1999)
Antigua and Barbuda $689 million (2002)
Argentina $33.78 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Armenia $850 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Aruba $128 million f.o.b. (including oil reexports) (2002 est.)
Australia $86.89 billion (2004 est.)
Austria $102.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan $3.168 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The $636 million (2003 est.)
Bahrain $8.205 billion (2004 est.)
Bangladesh $7.478 billion (2004 est.)
Barbados $206 million (2002)
Belarus $11.47 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Belgium $255.7 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Belize $401.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Benin $720.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Bermuda $879 million (2002)
Bhutan $154 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Bolivia $1.986 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $1.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Botswana $2.94 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Brazil $95 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands $25.3 million (2002)
Brunei $7.7 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Bulgaria $9.134 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso $418.6 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Burma $2.137 billion f.o.b. note: official export figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products smuggled to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh (2004 est.)
Burundi $31.84 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cambodia $2.311 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cameroon $2.445 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Canada $315.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cape Verde $61.11 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands $1.2 million (1999)
Central African Republic $172 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Chad $365 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Chile $29.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
China $583.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia $15.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Comoros $28 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $1.417 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Congo, Republic of the $2.224 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cook Islands $9.1 million (2000)
Costa Rica $6.184 billion (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire $5.124 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Croatia $7.845 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cuba $2.104 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $1.094 billion f.o.b. north Cyprus: $49.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Czech Republic $66.51 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Denmark $73.06 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Djibouti $155 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Dominica $39 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Dominican Republic $5.446 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
East Timor $8 million (2004 est.)
Ecuador $7.56 billion (2004 est.)
Egypt $11 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
El Salvador $3.249 billion (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea $2.771 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Eritrea $64.44 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Estonia $5.701 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ethiopia $562.8 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
European Union $1.109 trillion note: external exports, excluding intra EU trade (2003)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $82 million (2002)
Faroe Islands $408 million f.o.b. (2002)
Fiji $609 million f.o.b. (2002)
Finland $61.04 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
France $419 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
French Guiana $155 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
French Polynesia $244 million f.o.b. (2002)
Gabon $3.71 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Gambia, The $114.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip $205 million f.o.b., includes West Bank (2002)
Georgia $909.4 million (2004 est.)
Germany $893.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ghana $3.01 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Gibraltar $136 million f.o.b. (2002)
Greece $15.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Greenland $388 million f.o.b. (2002)
Grenada $46 million (2002 est.)
Guadeloupe $140 million f.o.b. (1997)
Guam $38 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Guatemala $2.911 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Guernsey $NA
Guinea $709.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau $54 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Guyana $570.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Haiti $338.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Honduras $1.457 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Hong Kong $268.1 billion f.o.b., including reexports (2004 est.)
Hungary $54.62 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Iceland $2.902 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
India $69.18 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Indonesia $69.86 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Iran $38.79 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Iraq $10.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ireland $103.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Israel $34.41 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Italy $336.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Jamaica $1.679 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Japan $538.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Jersey $NA
Jordan $3.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan $18.47 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kenya $2.589 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kiribati $35 million f.o.b. (2002)
Korea, North $1.2 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Korea, South $250.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kuwait $27.42 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan $646.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Laos $365.5 million (2004 est.)
Latvia $3.569 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Lebanon $1.783 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Lesotho $484.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Liberia $1.079 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Libya $18.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein $2.47 billion (1996)
Lithuania $8.88 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Luxembourg $13.4 billion f.o.b. (2003)
Macau $2.58 billion f.o.b., including reexports (2003)
Macedonia $1.629 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Madagascar $868.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Malawi $503.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Malaysia $123.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Maldives $90 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Mali $915 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Malta $2.625 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Man, Isle of $NA
Marshall Islands $9 million f.o.b. (2000)
Martinique $250 million f.o.b. (1997)
Mauritania $541 million f.o.b. (2002)
Mauritius $2.012 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Mayotte $3.44 million f.o.b. (1997)
Mexico $182.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of $22 million (f.o.b.) (FY99/00 est.)
Moldova $1.03 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Monaco $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Mongolia $853 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Montserrat $700,000 (2001)
Morocco $9.754 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Mozambique $689.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Namibia $1.356 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Nauru $640,000 f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Nepal $568 million f.o.b., but does not include unrecorded border trade with India (2002 est.)
Netherlands $293.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles $1.579 billion f.o.b. (2002)
New Caledonia $448 million f.o.b. (2002)
New Zealand $19.85 billion (2004 est.)
Nicaragua $750 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Niger $280 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Nigeria $33.99 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Niue $137,200 (1999)
Norfolk Island $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00)
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway $76.64 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Oman $13.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Pakistan $15.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Palau $18 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Panama $5.699 billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea $2.437 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Paraguay $2.936 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Peru $12.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Philippines $38.63 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland $75.98 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Portugal $37.68 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico $46.9 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Qatar $15 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Reunion $214 million f.o.b. (1997)
Romania $23.54 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Russia $162.5 billion (2004 est.)
Rwanda $69.78 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Saint Helena $17 million f.o.b. (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis $70 million (2002 est.)
Saint Lucia $66 million (2002 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon $10 million f.o.b. (2002)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $38 million (2002 est.)
Samoa $14 million f.o.b. (2002)
San Marino trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Sao Tome and Principe $6.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia $113 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Senegal $1.374 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro $3.245 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Seychelles $256.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone $49 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Singapore $174 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Slovakia $29.24 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Slovenia $14.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands $74 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Somalia $79 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
South Africa $41.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Spain $172.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka $5.306 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sudan $3.395 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Suriname $495 million f.o.b. (2002)
Svalbard $NA
Swaziland $900.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sweden $121.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Switzerland $130.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Syria $6.086 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Taiwan $170.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tajikistan $1.13 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tanzania $1.248 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Thailand $87.91 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Togo $663.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tokelau $98,000 f.o.b. (1983)
Tonga $27 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago $6.671 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tunisia $9.926 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Turkey $69.46 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan $4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands $169.2 million (2000)
Tuvalu $1 million f.o.b. (2002)
Uganda $621.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ukraine $32.91 billion (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates $69.48 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
United Kingdom $347.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
United States $795 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Uruguay $2.2 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan $3.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Vanuatu $26.6 million f.o.b. (2003)
Venezuela $35.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Vietnam $23.72 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna $250,000 f.o.b. (1999)
West Bank $205 million f.o.b., includes Gaza Strip (2002)
Western Sahara NA
World $8.819 trillion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Yemen $4.468 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Zambia $1.548 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe $1.409 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2079 Debt - external
Afghanistan $8 billion in bilateral debt, mostly to Russia; Afghanistan has $500 million in debt to Multilateral Development Banks (2004)
Albania $1.41 billion (2003)
Algeria $21.9 billion (2004 est.)
American Samoa $NA
Andorra $NA
Angola $10.45 billion (2004 est.)
Anguilla $8.8 million (1998)
Antigua and Barbuda $231 million (1999)
Argentina $157.7 billion (2004 est.)
Armenia $905 million (June 2001)
Aruba $285 million (1996)
Australia $308.7 billion (3rd quarter, 2004 est.)
Austria $15.5 billion (2003 est.)
Azerbaijan $1.832 billion (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The $308.5 million (2002)
Bahrain $6.215 billion (2004 est.)
Bangladesh $19.97 billion (2004 est.)
Barbados $668 million (2003)
Belarus $600 million (2004 est.)
Belgium $28.3 billion (1999 est.)
Belize $1.362 billion (June 2004 est.)
Benin $1.6 billion (2000)
Bermuda $160 million (FY99/00)
Bhutan $245 million (2000)
Bolivia $5.439 billion (June 2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $3 billion (2004 est.)
Botswana $531 million (2004 est.)
Brazil $219.8 billion (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands $36.1 million (1997)
Brunei $0
Bulgaria $16.1 billion (November 2004 est.)
Burkina Faso $1.3 billion (2000)
Burma $6.752 billion (2004 est.)
Burundi $1.133 billion (2002)
Cambodia $2.4 billion (2002 est.)
Cameroon $8.46 billion (2004 est.)
Canada $570 billion (2004)
Cape Verde $325 million (2002)
Cayman Islands $70 million (1996)
Central African Republic $881.4 million (2000 est.)
Chad $1.1 billion (2000 est.)
Chile $44.6 billion (2004 est.)
China $233.3 billion (3rd quarter 2004 est.)
Colombia $38.7 billion (2004 est.)
Comoros $232 million (2000 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $11.6 billion (2000 est.)
Congo, Republic of the $5 billion (2000 est.)
Cook Islands $141 million (1996 est.)
Costa Rica $5.962 billion (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire $11.81 billion (2004 est.)
Croatia $26.4 billion (2004 est.)
Cuba $12.09 billion (convertible currency); another $15-20 billion owed to Russia (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $7.327 billion; north Cyprus: $NA (2004 est.)
Czech Republic $36.28 billion (2004 est.)
Denmark $21.7 billion (2000)
Djibouti $366 million (2002 est.)
Dominica $161.5 million (2001)
Dominican Republic $7.745 billion (2004 est.)
East Timor none
Ecuador $16.81 billion (2004 est.)
Egypt $33.75 billion (2004 est.)
El Salvador $4.792 billion (September 2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea $248 million (2000 est.)
Eritrea $311 million (2000 est.)
Estonia $8.373 billion (2004 est.)
Ethiopia $2.9 billion (2001 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $NA
Faroe Islands $64 million (1999)
Fiji $188.1 million (2001 est.)
Finland $30 billion (December 1993)
France $NA
French Guiana $1.2 billion (1988)
French Polynesia NA
Gabon $3.804 billion (2004 est.)
Gambia, The $476 million (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip $108 million (includes West Bank) (1997 est.)
Georgia $1.8 billion (2002)
Germany NA
Ghana $7.396 billion (2004 est.)
Gibraltar $NA (2000 est.)
Greece $67.23 billion (2004 est.)
Greenland $25 million (1999)
Grenada $196 million (2000)
Guadeloupe $NA (yearend 2003 est.)
Guam NA
Guatemala $5.969 billion (2004 est.)
Guernsey $NA
Guinea $3.25 billion (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau $941.5 million (2000 est.)
Guyana $1.2 billion (2002)
Haiti $1.2 billion (2004 est.)
Honduras $5.365 billion (September 2004 est.)
Hong Kong $66.94 billion (2004 est.)
Hungary $57 billion (2004 est.)
Iceland $3.073 billion (2002)
India $117.2 billion (2004 est.)
Indonesia $141.5 billion (2004 est.)
Iran $13.4 billion (2004 est.)
Iraq $125 billion (2004 est.)
Ireland $11 billion (1998)
Israel $74.46 billion (2004 est.)
Italy $913.9 billion (2004 est.)
Jamaica $5.964 billion (2004 est.)
Japan NA (2002 est.)
Jersey none
Jordan $7.32 billion (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan $26.03 billion (2004 est.)
Kenya $6.792 billion (2004 est.)
Kiribati $10 million (1999 est.)
Korea, North $12 billion (1996 est.)
Korea, South $160 billion (2004 est.)
Kuwait $15.02 billion (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan $1.97 billion (2004 est.)
Laos $2.49 billion (2001)
Latvia $7.368 billion (2004 est.)
Lebanon $15.84 billion (2004 est.)
Lesotho $735 million (2002)
Liberia $2.1 billion (2000 est.)
Libya $4.069 billion (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein $0 (2001)
Lithuania $10.01 billion (2004 est.)
Luxembourg $NA
Macau $2.7 billion (2003)
Macedonia $1.863 billion (2004 est.)
Madagascar $4.6 billion (2002)
Malawi $3.129 billion (2004 est.)
Malaysia $53.36 billion (2004 est.)
Maldives $281 million (2003 est.)
Mali $3.3 billion (2000)
Malta $130 million (1997)
Man, Isle of $NA
Marshall Islands $86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)
Martinique $180 million (1994)
Mauritania $2.5 billion (2000)
Mauritius $1.78 billion (2004 est.)
Mayotte $NA
Mexico $149.9 billion (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of $53.1 million (FY02/03 est.)
Moldova $1.4 billion (2004 est.)
Monaco $18 billion (2000 est.)
Mongolia $1.191 billion (2004 est.)
Montserrat $8.9 million (1997)
Morocco $17.07 billion (2004 est.)
Mozambique $966 million (2002 est.)
Namibia $1.136 billion (2004 est.)
Nauru $33.3 million (2002)
Nepal $2.7 billion (2001)
Netherlands Antilles $1.35 billion (1996)
New Caledonia $79 million (1998 est.)
New Zealand $47.34 billion (2004 est.)
Nicaragua $4.573 billion (2004 est.)
Niger $1.6 billion (1999 est.)
Nigeria $30.55 billion (2004 est.)
Niue $418,000 (2002 est.)
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway $0 (Norway is a net external creditor) (2003 est.)
Oman $4.814 billion (2004 est.)
Pakistan $33.97 billion (2004 est.)
Palau $0 (FY99/00)
Panama $8.78 billion (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea $2.463 billion (2004 est.)
Paraguay $3.239 billion (2004 est.)
Peru $29.79 billion (2004 est.)
Philippines $55.6 billion (September 2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland $99.15 billion (2004 est.)
Portugal $274.7 billion (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico NA
Qatar $18.62 billion (2004 est.)
Reunion $NA
Romania $24.59 billion (2004 est.)
Russia $169.6 billion (2004 est.)
Rwanda $1.3 billion (2000 est.)
Saint Helena NA (1996)
Saint Kitts and Nevis $171 million (2001)
Saint Lucia $214 million (2000)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon $NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $167.2 million (2000)
Samoa $197 million (2000)
San Marino $NA
Sao Tome and Principe $318 million (2002)
Saudi Arabia $34.35 billion (2004 est.)
Senegal $3.476 billion (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro $12.97 billion (2004 est.)
Seychelles $218.1 million (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone $1.5 billion (2002 est.)
Singapore $19.4 billion (2004 est.)
Slovakia $19.54 billion (2004 est.)
Slovenia $14.65 billion (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands $180.4 million (2002)
Somalia $3 billion (2001 est.)
South Africa $27.01 billion (2004 est.)
Spain $771.1 billion (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka $10.85 billion (2004 est.)
Sudan $21 billion (2004 est.)
Suriname $321 million (2002 est.)
Swaziland $320 million (2002 est.)
Sweden $66.5 billion (1994)
Switzerland $NA (2000)
Syria $4 billion (excludes military debt and debt to Russia) (2004 est.)
Taiwan $55.5 billion (2004 est.)
Tajikistan $888 million (2004 est.)
Tanzania $7.321 billion (2004 est.)
Thailand $50.59 billion (2004 est.)
Togo $1.4 billion (2000)
Tokelau $0
Tonga $63.4 million (2001)
Trinidad and Tobago $2.94 billion (2004 est.)
Tunisia $14.71 billion (2004 est.)
Turkey $16.9 billion (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan $2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu NA
Uganda $3.865 billion (2004 est.)
Ukraine $16.37 billion (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates $5.9 billion (2004 est.)
United Kingdom $4.71 trillion (2003)
United States $1.4 trillion (2001 est.)
Uruguay $12.8 billion (March 2004)
Uzbekistan $4.351 billion (2004 est.)
Vanuatu $83.7 million (2002)
Venezuela $33.29 billion (2004 est.)
Vietnam $16.55 billion (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna $NA
West Bank $108 million (includes Gaza Strip) (1997 est.)
Western Sahara NA
World $12.7 trillion (2004 est.)
Yemen $5.4 billion (2004 est.)
Zambia $5.353 billion (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe $4.086 billion (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2080 Fiscal year
Afghanistan 21 March - 20 March
Albania calendar year
Algeria calendar year
American Samoa 1 October - 30 September
Andorra calendar year
Angola calendar year
Anguilla 1 April - 31 March
Antigua and Barbuda 1 April - 31 March
Argentina calendar year
Armenia calendar year
Aruba calendar year
Australia 1 July - 30 June
Austria calendar year
Azerbaijan calendar year
Bahamas, The 1 July - 30 June
Bahrain calendar year
Bangladesh 1 July - 30 June
Barbados 1 April - 31 March
Belarus calendar year
Belgium calendar year
Belize 1 April - 31 March
Benin calendar year
Bermuda 1 April - 31 March
Bhutan 1 July - 30 June
Bolivia calendar year
Bosnia and Herzegovina calendar year
Botswana 1 April - 31 March
Brazil calendar year
British Virgin Islands 1 April - 31 March
Brunei calendar year
Bulgaria calendar year
Burkina Faso calendar year
Burma 1 April - 31 March
Burundi calendar year
Cambodia calendar year
Cameroon 1 July - 30 June
Canada 1 April - 31 March
Cape Verde calendar year
Cayman Islands 1 April - 31 March
Central African Republic calendar year
Chad calendar year
Chile calendar year
China calendar year
Christmas Island 1 July - 30 June
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1 July - 30 June
Colombia calendar year
Comoros calendar year
Congo, Democratic Republic of the calendar year
Congo, Republic of the calendar year
Cook Islands 1 April - 31 March
Costa Rica calendar year
Cote d'Ivoire calendar year
Croatia calendar year
Cuba calendar year
Cyprus calendar year
Czech Republic calendar year
Denmark calendar year
Djibouti calendar year
Dominica 1 July - 30 June
Dominican Republic calendar year
East Timor 1 July - 30 June
Ecuador calendar year
Egypt 1 July - 30 June
El Salvador calendar year
Equatorial Guinea 1 January - 31 December
Eritrea calendar year
Estonia calendar year
Ethiopia 8 July - 7 July
European Union NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1 April - 31 March
Faroe Islands calendar year
Fiji calendar year
Finland calendar year
France calendar year
French Guiana calendar year
French Polynesia calendar year
Gabon calendar year
Gambia, The calendar year
Gaza Strip calendar year
Georgia calendar year
Germany calendar year
Ghana calendar year
Gibraltar 1 July - 30 June
Greece calendar year
Greenland calendar year
Grenada calendar year
Guadeloupe calendar year
Guam 1 October - 30 September
Guatemala calendar year
Guernsey calendar year
Guinea calendar year
Guinea-Bissau calendar year
Guyana calendar year
Haiti 1 October - 30 September
Holy See (Vatican City) calendar year
Honduras calendar year
Hong Kong 1 April - 31 March
Hungary calendar year
Iceland calendar year
India 1 April - 31 March
Indonesia calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year
Iran 21 March - 20 March
Iraq calendar year
Ireland calendar year
Israel calendar year
Italy calendar year
Jamaica 1 April - 31 March
Japan 1 April - 31 March
Jersey 1 April - 31 March
Jordan calendar year
Kazakhstan calendar year
Kenya 1 July - 30 June
Kiribati NA
Korea, North calendar year
Korea, South calendar year
Kuwait 1 April - 31 March
Kyrgyzstan calendar year
Laos 1 October - 30 September
Latvia calendar year
Lebanon calendar year
Lesotho 1 April - 31 March
Liberia calendar year
Libya calendar year
Liechtenstein calendar year
Lithuania calendar year
Luxembourg calendar year
Macau calendar year
Macedonia calendar year
Madagascar calendar year
Malawi 1 July - 30 June
Malaysia calendar year
Maldives calendar year
Mali calendar year
Malta 1 April - 31 March
Man, Isle of 1 April - 31 March
Marshall Islands 1 October - 30 September
Martinique calendar year
Mauritania calendar year
Mauritius 1 July - 30 June
Mayotte calendar year
Mexico calendar year
Micronesia, Federated States of 1 October - 30 September
Moldova calendar year
Monaco calendar year
Mongolia calendar year
Montserrat 1 April - 31 March
Morocco calendar year
Mozambique calendar year
Namibia 1 April - 31 March
Nauru 1 July - 30 June
Nepal 16 July - 15 July
Netherlands calendar year
Netherlands Antilles calendar year
New Caledonia calendar year
New Zealand 1 July - 30 June
Nicaragua calendar year
Niger calendar year
Nigeria calendar year
Niue 1 April - 31 March
Norfolk Island 1 July - 30 June
Northern Mariana Islands 1 October - 30 September
Norway calendar year
Oman calendar year
Pakistan 1 July - 30 June
Palau 1 October - 30 September
Panama calendar year
Papua New Guinea calendar year
Paraguay calendar year
Peru calendar year
Philippines calendar year
Pitcairn Islands 1 April - 31 March
Poland calendar year
Portugal calendar year
Puerto Rico 1 July - 30 June
Qatar 1 April - 31 March
Reunion calendar year
Romania calendar year
Russia calendar year
Rwanda calendar year
Saint Helena 1 April - 31 March
Saint Kitts and Nevis calendar year
Saint Lucia 1 April - 31 March
Saint Pierre and Miquelon calendar year
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines calendar year
Samoa June 1 - May 31
San Marino calendar year
Sao Tome and Principe calendar year
Saudi Arabia 1 March - 28 February
Senegal calendar year
Serbia and Montenegro calendar year
Seychelles calendar year
Sierra Leone calendar year
Singapore 1 April - 31 March
Slovakia calendar year
Slovenia calendar year
Solomon Islands calendar year
Somalia NA
South Africa 1 April - 31 March
Spain calendar year
Sri Lanka calendar year
Sudan calendar year
Suriname calendar year
Swaziland 1 April - 31 March
Sweden calendar year
Switzerland calendar year
Syria calendar year
Taiwan 1 July - 30 June (up to FY98/99); 1 July 1999 - 31 December 2000 for FY00; calendar year (after FY00)
Tajikistan calendar year
Tanzania 1 July - 30 June
Thailand 1 October - 30 September
Togo calendar year
Tokelau 1 April - 31 March
Tonga 1 July - 30 June
Trinidad and Tobago 1 October - 30 September
Tunisia calendar year
Turkey calendar year
Turkmenistan calendar year
Turks and Caicos Islands calendar year
Tuvalu calendar year
Uganda 1 July - 30 June
Ukraine calendar year
United Arab Emirates calendar year
United Kingdom 6 April - 5 April
United States 1 October - 30 September
Uruguay calendar year
Uzbekistan calendar year
Vanuatu calendar year
Venezuela calendar year
Vietnam calendar year
Virgin Islands 1 October - 30 September
Wallis and Futuna calendar year
West Bank calendar year (since 1 January 1992)
Western Sahara calendar year
Yemen calendar year
Zambia calendar year
Zimbabwe calendar year
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2081 Flag description
Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist), red, and green, with a gold emblem centered on the red band; the emblem features a temple-like structure encircled by a wreath on the left and right and by a bold Islamic inscription above
Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used
Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center
Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)
American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club
Andorra three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem
Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)
Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below
Antigua and Barbuda red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band
Argentina three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May
Armenia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange
Aruba blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner
Ashmore and Cartier Islands the flag of Australia is used
Australia blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars
Austria three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red
Azerbaijan three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band
Bahamas, The three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side
Bahrain red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam
Baker Island the flag of the US is used
Bangladesh green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; the red sun of freedom represents the blood shed to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush countryside, and secondarily, the traditional color of Islam
Barbados three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)
Bassas da India the flag of France is used
Belarus red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears Belarusian national ornamention in red
Belgium three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the design was based on the flag of France
Belize blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland
Benin two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom) with a vertical green band on the hoist side
Bermuda red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
Bhutan divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side
Bolivia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band
Bosnia and Herzegovina a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle
Botswana light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center
Bouvet Island the flag of Norway is used
Brazil green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)
British Indian Ocean Territory white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
British Virgin Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll bearing the Latin word VIGILATE (Be Watchful)
Brunei yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
Bulgaria three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; note - the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed
Burkina Faso two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Burma red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, 14 white five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 7 administrative divisions and 7 states
Burundi divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)
Cambodia three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate a building in its design
Cameroon three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Canada two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width), with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the official colors of Canada are red and white
Cape Verde three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands
Cayman Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS
Central African Republic four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the hoist side of the blue band
Chad three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France
Chile two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center representing a guide to progress and honor; blue symbolizes the sky, white is for the snow-covered Andes, and red stands for the blood spilled to achieve independence; design was influenced by the US flag
China red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner
Christmas Island the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory
Clipperton Island the flag of France is used
Cocos (Keeling) Islands the flag of Australia is used
Colombia three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red; similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center
Comoros four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
Congo, Democratic Republic of the light blue with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center and a columnar arrangement of six small yellow five-pointed stars along the hoist side
Congo, Republic of the divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Cook Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag
Coral Sea Islands the flag of Australia is used
Costa Rica five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white elliptical disk on the hoist side of the red band; above the coat of arms a light blue ribbon contains the words, AMERICA CENTRAL, and just below it near the top of the coat of arms is a white ribbon with the words, REPUBLICA COSTA RICA
Cote d'Ivoire three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France
Croatia red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)
Cuba five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; design influenced by the US flag
Cyprus white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities note: the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" flag has a horizontal red stripe at the top and bottom between which is a red crescent and red star on a white field
Czech Republic two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side (identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia)
Denmark red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
Dhekelia the flag of the UK is used
Djibouti two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center
Dominica green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)
Dominican Republic a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by an olive branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon
East Timor red, with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; there is a white star in the center of the black triangle
Ecuador three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms
Egypt three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the national emblem (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; design is based on the Arab Liberation flag and similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band, and Yemen, which has a plain white band
El Salvador three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band
Equatorial Guinea three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)
Eritrea red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle
Estonia pre-1940 flag restored by Supreme Soviet in May 1990 - three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white
Ethiopia three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors
Europa Island the flag of France is used
European Union on a blue field, 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged in a circle, representing the union of the peoples of Europe; the number of stars is fixed
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
Faroe Islands white with a red cross outlined in blue extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted toward the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Fiji light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove
Finland white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
France three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution; the design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, Luxembourg, and Netherlands; the official flag for all French dependent areas
French Guiana the flag of France is used
French Polynesia two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white band; centered on the white band is a disk with blue and white wave pattern on the lower half and gold and white ray pattern on the upper half; a stylized red, blue and white ship rides on the wave pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions
French Southern and Antarctic Lands the flag of France is used
Gabon three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue
Gambia, The three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green
Georgia white rectangle, in its central portion a red cross connecting all four sides of the flag; in each of the four corners is a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; the five-cross flag appears to date back to the 14th century
Germany three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold
Ghana three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band
Gibraltar two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
Glorioso Islands the flag of France is used
Greece nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country
Greenland two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white
Grenada a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions
Guadeloupe the flag of France is used
Guam territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the national flag
Guatemala three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath
Guernsey white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross
Guinea three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Guinea-Bissau two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Guyana green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green
Haiti two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands the flag of Australia is used
Holy See (Vatican City) two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band
Honduras three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band
Hong Kong red with a stylized, white, five-petal bauhinia flower in the center
Howland Island the flag of the US is used
Hungary three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green
Iceland blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
India three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band
Indonesia two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red
Iran three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah in the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom) in red is centered in the white band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band
Iraq three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR (God is Great) in green Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two stars but no script, Yemen, which has a plain white band, and that of Egypt which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band; design is based upon the Arab Liberation colors
Ireland three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green (hoist side), white, and red
Israel white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag
Italy three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green note: inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in 1797
Jamaica diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side)
Jan Mayen the flag of Norway is used
Japan white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center
Jarvis Island the flag of the US is used
Jersey white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag; in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield with the three lions of England in yellow
Johnston Atoll the flag of the US is used
Jordan three equal horizontal bands of black (top), representing the Abbassid Caliphate, white, representing the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green, representing the Fatimid Caliphate; a red isosceles triangle on the hoist side, representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations; design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I
Juan de Nova Island the flag of France is used
Kazakhstan sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in gold
Kenya three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center
Kingman Reef the flag of the US is used
Kiribati the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean
Korea, North three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star
Korea, South white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field
Kuwait three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side; design, which dates to 1961, based on the Arab revolt flag of World War I
Kyrgyzstan red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt
Laos three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band
Latvia three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width), and maroon
Lebanon three horizontal bands consisting of red (top), white (middle, double width), and red (bottom) with a green cedar tree centered in the white band
Lesotho divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper half is white, bearing the brown silhouette of a large shield with crossed spear and club; the lower half is a diagonal blue band with a green triangle in the corner
Liberia 11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag
Libya plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
Liechtenstein two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band
Lithuania three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red
Luxembourg three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France
Macau light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
Macedonia a yellow sun with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of the red field
Madagascar two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side
Malawi three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band
Malaysia 14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US
Maldives red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag
Mali three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Malta two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red
Man, Isle of red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used
Marshall Islands blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes
Martinique a light blue background is divided into four quadrants by a white cross; in the center of each rectangle is a white snake; the flag of France is used for official occasions
Mauritania green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
Mauritius four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
Mayotte the flag of France is used
Mexico three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band
Micronesia, Federated States of light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern
Midway Islands the flag of the US is used
Moldova same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow
Monaco two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
Mongolia three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)
Montserrat blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross
Morocco red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; design dates to 1912
Mozambique three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book
Namibia a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders
Nauru blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
Navassa Island the flag of the US is used
Nepal red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun
Netherlands three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer; one of the oldest flags in constant use, originating with WILLIAM I, Prince of Orange, in the latter half of the 16th century
Netherlands Antilles white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered; five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten
New Caledonia the flag of France is used
New Zealand blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation
Nicaragua three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band
Niger three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band
Nigeria three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green
Niue yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross
Norfolk Island three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band
Northern Mariana Islands blue, with a white, five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center, surrounded by a wreath
Norway red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Oman three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band
Pakistan green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
Palau light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon) shifted slightly to the hoist side
Palmyra Atoll the flag of the US is used
Panama divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain red; the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star in the center
Papua New Guinea divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered
Paraguay three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue with an emblem centered in the white band; unusual flag in that the emblem is different on each side; the obverse (hoist side at the left) bears the national coat of arms (a yellow five-pointed star within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles); the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears the seal of the treasury (a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty and the words Paz y Justicia (Peace and Justice) capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles)
Peru three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath
Philippines two equal horizontal bands of blue (top; representing peace and justice) and red (representing courage); a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side represents equality; the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary rays, each representing one of the first eight provinces that sought independence from Spain; each corner of the triangle contains a small, yellow, five-pointed star representing the three major geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao; the design of the flag dates to 1897; in wartime the flag is flown upside down with the red band at the top
Pitcairn Islands blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms is yellow, green, and light blue with a shield featuring a yellow anchor
Poland two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top) and white
Portugal two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line
Puerto Rico five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; design initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed
Qatar maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
Reunion the flag of France is used
Romania three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, also resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova
Russia three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red
Rwanda three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width), yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end of the blue band
Saint Helena blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
Saint Kitts and Nevis divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red
Saint Lucia blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border
Saint Pierre and Miquelon a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern
Samoa red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation
San Marino two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
Sao Tome and Principe three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Saudi Arabia green, a traditional color in Islamic flags, with the Shahada or Muslim creed in large white Arabic script (translated as "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God") above a white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); design dates to the early twentieth century and is closely associated with the Al Saud family which established the kingdom in 1932
Senegal three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Serbia and Montenegro three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red
Seychelles five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side
Sierra Leone three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue
Singapore two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle
Slovakia three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red superimposed with the Slovak cross in a shield centered on the hoist side; the cross is white centered on a background of red and blue
Slovenia three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries); the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands
Solomon Islands divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green
Somalia light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; blue field influenced by the flag of the UN
South Africa two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)
Spain three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar
Sri Lanka yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other panel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding a sword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends between the two panels
Sudan three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
Suriname five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is a large, yellow, five-pointed star centered in the red band
Svalbard the flag of Norway is used
Swaziland three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally
Sweden blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Switzerland red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag
Syria three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black, colors associated with the Arab Liberation flag; two small green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; former flag of the United Arab Republic where the two stars represented the constituent states of Syria and Egypt; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band, Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band, and that of Egypt, which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band; the current design dates to 1980
Taiwan red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays
Tajikistan three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe
Tanzania divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue
Thailand five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red
Togo five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Tokelau the flag of New Zealand is used
Tonga red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
Trinidad and Tobago red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side
Tromelin Island the flag of France is used
Tunisia red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam
Turkey red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening
Turkmenistan green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five carpet guls (designs used in producing rugs) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to the olive branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon and five white stars appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe
Turks and Caicos Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus
Tuvalu light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
Uganda six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side
Ukraine two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grainfields under a blue sky
United Arab Emirates three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side
United Kingdom blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonly called the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or provinces, as well as British overseas territories
United States 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico
Uruguay nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy
Uzbekistan three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and 12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant
Vanuatu two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele leaves, all in yellow
Venezuela three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of seven white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band
Vietnam red with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center
Virgin Islands white, with a modified US coat of arms in the center between the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms shows a yellow eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three arrows in the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and white stripes below a blue panel
Wake Island the flag of the US is used
Wallis and Futuna a large white modified Maltese cross - shifted a little off center toward the fly and slightly downward - on a red background; the flag of France outlined in white on two sides is in the upper hoist quadrant; the flag of France is used for official occasions
Yemen three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars and of Iraq which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band
Zambia green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
Zimbabwe seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands for the native people
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2085 Highways (km)
Afghanistan total: 21,000 km paved: 2,793 km unpaved: 18,207 km (1999 est.)
Albania total: 18,000 km paved: 5,400 km unpaved: 12,600 km (2002)
Algeria total: 104,000 km paved: 71,656 km (including 640 km of expressways) unpaved: 32,344 km (1999)
American Samoa total: 185 km paved: 185 km unpaved: 0 km (2004)
Andorra total: 269 km paved: 198 km unpaved: 71 km
Angola total: 51,429 km paved: 5,328 km unpaved: 46,101 km (2001)
Anguilla total: 105 km paved: 65 km unpaved: 40 km (1997)
Antigua and Barbuda total: 250 km (1999 est.)
Argentina total: 215,471 km paved: 63,348 km (including 734 km of expressways) unpaved: 152,123 km (1999)
Armenia total: 8,431 km paved: 8,161 km (includes 7,567 km of expressways) unpaved: 270 km (2002)
Aruba total: 800 km paved: 513 km unpaved: 287 km note: most coastal roads are paved, while unpaved roads serve large tracts of the interior (1995)
Australia total: 811,603 km paved: 314,090 km (including 18,619 km of expressways) unpaved: 497,513 km (1999 est.)
Austria total: 200,000 km paved: 200,000 km (including 1,645 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Azerbaijan total: 28,030 km paved: 25,890 km unpaved: 2,130 km (2002)
Bahamas, The total: 2,693 km paved: 1,546 km unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)
Bahrain total: 3,459 km paved: 2,653 km unpaved: 806 km (2002)
Bangladesh total: 207,486 km paved: 19,773 km unpaved: 187,713 km (1999)
Barbados total: 1,600 km paved: 1,578 km unpaved: 22 km (2002)
Belarus total: 79,990 km paved: 69,351 km unpaved: 10,639 km (2002)
Belgium total: 149,028 km paved: 116,540 km (including 1,729 km of expressways) unpaved: 32,488 km (2002)
Belize total: 2,872 km paved: 488 km unpaved: 2,384 km (1999 est.)
Benin total: 6,787 km paved: 1,357 km (including 10 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,430 km (1999 est.)
Bermuda total: 450 km paved: 450 km unpaved: 0 km note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Bhutan total: 4,007 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 3,983 km (2002)
Bolivia total: 60,282 km paved: 3,979 km unpaved: 56,303 km (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 21,846 km paved: 11,424 km unpaved: 10,422 km (1999 est.)
Botswana total: 10,217 km paved: 5,619 km unpaved: 4,598 km (1999)
Brazil total: 1,724,929 km paved: 94,871 km unpaved: 1,630,058 km (2000)
British Indian Ocean Territory total: NA km paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km
British Virgin Islands total: 177 km paved: 177 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Brunei total: 2,525 km paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Bulgaria total: 37,077 km paved: 34,111 km (including 328 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,966 km (2002)
Burkina Faso total: 12,506 km paved: 2,001 km unpaved: 10,505 km (1999)
Burma total: 28,200 km paved: 3,440 km unpaved: 24,760 km (1996 est.)
Burundi total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1999 est.)
Cambodia total: 12,323 km paved: 1,996 km unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est)
Cameroon total: 34,300 km paved: 4,288 km unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)
Canada total: 1,408,800 km paved: 497,306 km (including 16,900 km of expressways) unpaved: 911,494 km (2002)
Cape Verde total: 1,350 km paved: 932 km unpaved: 418 km (2000)
Cayman Islands total: 785 km paved: 785 km (2000)
Central African Republic total: 23,810 km paved: 643 km unpaved: 23,167 km (1999 est.)
Chad total: 33,400 km paved: 267 km unpaved: 33,133 km (1999 est.)
Chile total: 79,605 km paved: 16,080 km (including 407 km of expressways) unpaved: 63,525 km (2001)
China total: 1,765,222 km paved: 395,410 km (with at least 25,130 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,369,812 km (2002 est.)
Christmas Island total: 240 km paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands total: 15 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (2003)
Colombia total: 112,998 km paved: 26,000 km unpaved: 84,000 km (2000)
Comoros total: 880 km paved: 673 km unpaved: 207 km (1999 est)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 157,000 km (including 30 km of expressways) paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)
Congo, Republic of the total: 12,800 km paved: 1,242 km unpaved: 11,558 km (1999 est.)
Cook Islands total: 320 km paved: 33 km unpaved: 287 km (2000)
Costa Rica total: 35,303 km paved: 4,236 km unpaved: 31,067 km (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire total: 50,400 km paved: 4,889 km unpaved: 45,511 km (1999 est.)
Croatia total: 28,344 km paved: 23,979 km (including 455 km of expressways) unpaved: 4,365 km (2002)
Cuba total: 60,858 km paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway) unpaved: 31,038 km (1999 est.)
Cyprus total: 13,943 km (Republic of Cyprus: 11,593 km; north Cyprus: 2,350 km) paved: Republic of Cyprus: 7,211 km; north Cyprus: 1,370 km unpaved: Republic of Cyprus: 4,382 km; north Cyprus: 980 km (2002/1996 est.)
Czech Republic total: 127,204 km paved: 127,204 km (including 518 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Denmark total: 71,847 km paved: 71,847 km (including 918 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Djibouti total: 2,890 km paved: 364 km unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.)
Dominica total: 780 km paved: 393 km unpaved: 387 km (1999 est.)
Dominican Republic total: 12,600 km paved: 6,224 km unpaved: 6,376 km (1999)
East Timor total: 3,800 km paved: 428 km unpaved: 3,372 km (1995)
Ecuador total: 43,197 km paved: 8,164 km unpaved: 35,033 km (2002)
Egypt total: 64,000 km paved: 49,984 km unpaved: 14,016 km (1999 est.)
El Salvador total: 10,029 km paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways) unpaved: 8,043 km (1999 est.)
Equatorial Guinea total: 2,880 km (1999 est.)
Eritrea total: 4,010 km paved: 874 km unpaved: 3,136 km (1999 est.)
Estonia total: 55,944 km paved: 13,874 km (including 99 km of expressways) unpaved: 42,070 km (2002)
Ethiopia total: 33,297 km paved: 3,996 km unpaved: 29,301 km (2002)
European Union total: 4,634,810 km (including 56,704 km of expressways) paved: 4,161,318 km unpaved: 473,492 km (1999-2000)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)
Faroe Islands total: 463 km paved: 454 km unpaved: 9 km (1999)
Fiji total: 3,440 km paved: 1,692 km unpaved: 1,748 km (1999 est.)
Finland total: 78,197 km paved: 50,539 km (including 794 km of expressways) unpaved: 27,658 km (2004)
France total: 893,100 km paved: 893,100 km (including 12,000 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
French Guiana total: 817 km (1998)
French Polynesia total: 2,590 km paved: 1,735 km unpaved: 855 km (1999)
Gabon total: 8,464 km paved: 838 km unpaved: 7,626 km (2000 est.)
Gambia, The total: 2,700 km paved: 956 km unpaved: 1,744 km (1999)
Gaza Strip total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: small, poorly developed road network
Georgia total: 20,229 km paved: 18,914 km unpaved: 1,315 km (2002)
Germany total: 230,735 km paved: 230,735 km (including 11,515 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Ghana total: 46,176 km paved: 8,496 km unpaved: 37,679 km (1999 est.)
Gibraltar total: 29 km paved: 29 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Greece total: 117,000 km paved: 107,406 km (including 470 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,594 km (1999 est.)
Greenland total: NA (there are no roads between towns) (2003)
Grenada total: 1,040 km paved: 638 km unpaved: 402 km (1999 est.)
Guadeloupe total: 947 km (2002)
Guam total: 977 km paved: 962 km unpaved: 15 km (2004)
Guatemala total: 14,118 km paved: 4,871 km (including 74 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,247 km (1999)
Guernsey total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Guinea total: 30,500 km paved: 5,033 km unpaved: 25,467 km (1999 est.)
Guinea-Bissau total: 4,400 km paved: 453 km unpaved: 3,947 km (1999 est.)
Guyana total: 7,970 km paved: 590 km unpaved: 7,380 km (1999 est.)
Haiti total: 4,160 km paved: 1,011 km unpaved: 3,149 km (1999 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) none; all city streets
Honduras total: 13,603 km paved: 2,775 km unpaved: 10,828 km (1999 est.)
Hong Kong total: 1,831 km paved: 1,831 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Hungary total: 159,568 km paved: 70,050 km (including 533 km of expressways) unpaved: 89,518 km (2002)
Iceland total: 13,004 km paved/oiled gravel: 4,331 km unpaved: 8,673 km (2004)
India total: 2,525,989 km paved: 1,448,655 km unpaved: 1,077,334 km (1999)
Indonesia total: 342,700 km paved: 158,670 km unpaved: 184,030 km (1999 est.)
Iran total: 167,157 km paved: 94,109 km (including 890 km of expressways) unpaved: 73,048 km (1998)
Iraq total: 45,550 km paved: 38,399 km unpaved: 7,151 km (1999)
Ireland total: 95,736 km paved: 95,736 km (including 125 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Israel total: 16,903 km paved: 16,903 km (including 56 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Italy total: 479,688 km paved: 479,688 km (including 6,621 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Jamaica total: 18,700 km paved: 13,109 km unpaved: 5,591 km (1999 est.)
Japan total: 1,171,647 km paved: 903,340 km (including 6,851 km of expressways) unpaved: 268,307 km (2001)
Jersey total: 577 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Jordan total: 7,301 km paved: 7,301 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Kazakhstan total: 82,980 km paved: 77,918 km unpaved: 5,062 km (2002)
Kenya total: 63,942 km paved: 7,737 km unpaved: 56,205 km (2000)
Kiribati total: 670 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)
Korea, North total: 31,200 km paved: 1,997 km unpaved: 29,203 km (1999 est.)
Korea, South total: 86,990 km paved: 66,721 km (including 1,996 km of expressways) unpaved: 20,269 km (2001)
Kuwait total: 4,450 km paved: 3,587 km unpaved: 863 km (1999 est.)
Kyrgyzstan total: 18,500 km paved: 16,854 km (including 140 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,646 km (1999 est.)
Laos total: 21,716 km paved: 9,664 km unpaved: 12,052 km (1999 est.)
Latvia total: 60,472 km paved: 57,206 km unpaved: 3,265 km (2002)
Lebanon total: 7,300 km paved: 6,198 km unpaved: 1,102 km (1999 est.)
Lesotho total: 5,940 km paved: 1,087 km unpaved: 4,853 km (1999)
Liberia total: 10,600 km paved: 657 km unpaved: 9,943 km (1999 est.)
Libya total: 83,200 km paved: 47,590 km unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)
Liechtenstein total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km
Lithuania total: 77,148 km paved: 69,202 km (including 417 km of expressways) unpaved: 7,946 km (2002)
Luxembourg total: 5,210 km paved: 5,210 km (including 126 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Macau total: 341 km paved: 341 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Macedonia total: 8,684 km paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways) unpaved: 3,144 km (1999 est.)
Madagascar total: 49,827 km paved: 5,780 km unpaved: 44,047 km (1999 est.)
Malawi total: 28,400 km paved: 5,254 km unpaved: 23,146 km (1999 est.)
Malaysia total: 65,877 km paved: 51,318 km unpaved: 14,559 km (2001)
Maldives total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Mali total: 15,100 km paved: 1,827 km unpaved: 13,273 km (1999 est.)
Malta total: 2,222 km paved: 2,000 km unpaved: 222 km (2002)
Man, Isle of total: 800 km paved: 800 km unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Marshall Islands total: 64.5 km paved: 64.5 km unpaved: NA km note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)
Martinique total: 2,105 km (2000)
Mauritania total: 7,660 km paved: 866 km unpaved: 6,794 km (1999 est.)
Mauritius total: 2,000 km paved: 1,960 km (including 60 km of expressways) unpaved: 40 km (2002)
Mayotte total: 93 km paved: 72 km unpaved: 21 km
Mexico total: 329,532 km paved: 108,087 km (including 6,429 km of expressways) unpaved: 221,445 km (1999 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of total: 240 km paved: 42 km unpaved: 198 km (1999 est.)
Midway Islands total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Moldova total: 12,719 km paved: 10,977 km unpaved: 1,742 km (2002)
Monaco total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Mongolia total: 49,256 km paved: 8,874 km unpaved: 40,376 km (2002)
Montserrat total: 227 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: volcanic eruptions beginning in 1995 destroyed most of the road system (2003)
Morocco total: 57,694 km paved: 32,551 km (including 481 km of expressways) unpaved: 25,143 km (2002)
Mozambique total: 30,400 km paved: 5,685 km unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.)
Namibia total: 42,237 km paved: 5,406 km unpaved: 36,831 km (2002)
Nauru total: 30 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)
Nepal total: 13,223 km paved: 4,073 km unpaved: 9,150 km (1999 est.)
Netherlands total: 116,500 km paved: 104,850 km (including 2,235 km of expressways) unpaved: 11,650 km (1999)
Netherlands Antilles total: 600 km paved: 300 km unpaved: 300 km
New Caledonia total: 5,432 km (2000)
New Zealand total: 92,382 km paved: 59,124 km (including at least 169 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,258 km (2002)
Nicaragua total: 18,712 km paved: 2,126 km unpaved: 16,586 km (2002)
Niger total: 10,100 km paved: 798 km unpaved: 9,302 km (1999 est.)
Nigeria total: 194,394 km paved: 60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways) unpaved: 134,326 km (1999 est.)
Niue total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)
Norfolk Island total: 80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001)
Northern Mariana Islands total: 362 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1991)
Norway total: 91,852 km paved: 71,185 km (including 178 km of expressways) unpaved: 20,667 km (2002)
Oman total: 34,965 km paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways) unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)
Pakistan total: 257,683 km paved: 152,033 km (including 339 km of expressways) unpaved: 105,650 km (2001)
Palau total: 61 km paved: 36 km unpaved: 25 km
Palmyra Atoll most of the roads and many causeways built during World War II are unserviceable and overgrown (2001)
Panama total: 11,643 km paved: 4,028 km (including 30 km of expressways) unpaved: 7,615 km (2000 est.)
Papua New Guinea total: 19,600 km paved: 686 km unpaved: 18,914 km (1999 est.)
Paraguay total: 29,500 km paved: 14,986 km unpaved: 14,514 km (1999 est)
Peru total: 78,230 km paved: 10,452 km unpaved: 67,778 km (2001)
Philippines total: 202,124 km paved: 19,202 km unpaved: 182,922 km (2002)
Pitcairn Islands total: 6.4 km paved: 0 km unpaved: 6.4 km
Poland total: 364,697 km paved: 249,088 km (including 399 km of expressways) unpaved: 115,609 km (2001)
Portugal total: 17,135 km paved: 14,736 km (including 1,659 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,399 km (2002)
Puerto Rico total: 25,328 km paved: 23,665 km (including 426 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,363 km (2004)
Qatar total: 1,230 km paved: 1,107 km unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)
Reunion total: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001)
Romania total: 198,755 km paved: 100,173 km (including 113 km of expressways) unpaved: 98,582 km (2002)
Russia total: 537,289 km paved: 362,133 km unpaved: 175,156 km (2001)
Rwanda total: 12,000 km paved: 996 km unpaved: 11,004 km (1999 est.)
Saint Helena total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km) paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) (2000)
Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 320 km paved: 136 km unpaved: 184 km (1999 est)
Saint Lucia total: 1,210 km paved: 63 km unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 829 km paved: 580 km unpaved: 249 km (2002)
Samoa total: 790 km paved: 332 km unpaved: 458 km (1999 est.)
San Marino total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe total: 320 km paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)
Saudi Arabia total: 152,044 km paved: 45,461 km unpaved: 106,583 km (2000)
Senegal total: 14,576 km paved: 4,271 km including 7 km of expressways unpaved: 10,305 km (2000)
Serbia and Montenegro total: 45,290 km paved: 28,261 km (including 374 km of expressways) unpaved: 17,029 km (2002)
Seychelles total: 373 km paved: 315 km unpaved: 58 km (1997 est.)
Sierra Leone total: 11,300 km paved: 904 km unpaved: 10,396 km (2002)
Singapore total: 3,130 km paved: 3,130 km (including 150 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Slovakia total: 42,970 km paved: 37,698 km (including 302 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,272 km (2002)
Slovenia total: 20,250 km paved: 20,250 km (including 456 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Solomon Islands total: 1,360 km paved: 34 km unpaved: 1,326 km (1999 est.)
Somalia total: 22,100 km paved: 2,608 km unpaved: 19,492 km (1999 est.)
South Africa total: 275,971 km paved: 57,568 km (including 2,032 km of expressways) unpaved: 218,403 km (2002)
Spain total: 664,852 km paved: 658,203 km (including 11,152 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,649 km (2001)
Sri Lanka total: 11,650 km paved: 11,068 km unpaved: 582 km (2002)
Sudan total: 11,900 km paved: 4,320 km unpaved: 7,580 km (1999 est.)
Suriname total: 4,492 km paved: 1,168 km unpaved: 3,324 km (2002)
Svalbard total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Swaziland total: 3,107 km paved: NA unpaved: NA (2000)
Sweden total: 213,237 km paved: 167,604 km (including 1,542 km of expressways) unpaved: 45,633 km (2002)
Switzerland total: 71,212 km paved: 71,212 km (including 1,706 of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Syria total: 45,697 km paved: 6,489 km (including 1,001 km of expressways) unpaved: 39,208 km (2002)
Taiwan total: 37,299 km paved: 35,621 km (including 608 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,678 km (2002)
Tajikistan total: 27,767 km paved: NA unpaved: NA (2000)
Tanzania total: 88,200 km paved: 3,704 km unpaved: 84,496 km (1999 est.)
Thailand total: 57,403 km paved: 56,542 km unpaved: 861 km (2000 est.)
Togo total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)
Tokelau total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA
Tonga total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago total: 8,320 km paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)
Tunisia total: 18,997 km paved: 12,424 km (including 142 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,573 km (2001)
Turkey total: 354,421 km paved: 147,404 km (including 1,851 km of expressways) unpaved: 207,017 km (2002)
Turkmenistan total: 24,000 km paved: 19,488 km unpaved: 4,512 km (1999 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands total: 121 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 97 km (2000)
Tuvalu total: 8 km paved: 0 km unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.)
Uganda total: 27,000 km paved: 1,809 km unpaved: 25,191 km (1999 est.)
Ukraine total: 169,679 km paved: 164,249 km unpaved: 5,430 km (2002)
United Arab Emirates total: 1,088 km paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
United Kingdom total: 392,931 km paved: 392,931 km (including 3,431 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2003)
United States total: 6,393,603 km paved: 4,180,053 km (including 74,406 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,213,550 km (2003)
Uruguay total: 8,983 km paved: 8,081 km unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.)
Uzbekistan total: 81,600 km paved: 71,237 km unpaved: 10,363 km (1999 est.)
Vanuatu total: 1,070 km paved: 256 km unpaved: 814 km (1999 est.)
Venezuela total: 96,155 km paved: 32,308 km unpaved: 63,847 km (1999 est.)
Vietnam total: 93,300 km paved: 23,418 km unpaved: 69,882 km (1999 est.)
Virgin Islands total: 1,257 km paved: 1,192 km unpaved: 65 km note: the only US possession where driving on the left side of the road is practiced (2003)
Wallis and Futuna total: 120 km (Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20 km) paved: 16 km (all on Ile Uvea) unpaved: 104 km (Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)
West Bank total: 4,500 km paved: 2,700 km unpaved: 1,800 km note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish settlements (1997 est.)
Western Sahara total: 6,200 km paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est)
World total: 32,345,165 km paved: 19,403,061 km unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)
Yemen total: 67,000 km paved: 7,705 km unpaved: 59,295 km (1999 est.)
Zambia total: 91,440 km paved: 20,117 km unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)
Zimbabwe total: 18,338 km paved: 8,692 km unpaved: 9,646 km (1999 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2086 Illicit drugs
Afghanistan world's largest producer of opium; cultivation of opium poppy reached unprecedented level of 206,700 hectares in 2004; counterdrug efforts largely unsuccessful; potential opium production of 4,950 metric tons; potential heroin production of 582 metric tons if all opium was processed; source of hashish; many narcotics-processing labs throughout the country; drug trade source of instability and some antigovernment groups profit from the trade; 80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from Afghan opium; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through informal financial networks
Albania increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens
Angola used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states
Anguilla transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Antigua and Barbuda considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center
Argentina used as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing
Armenia illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; used as a transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe
Aruba transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some accompanying money-laundering activity
Australia Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate
Austria transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe
Azerbaijan limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe
Bahamas, The transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center
Bangladesh transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries
Barbados one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center
Belarus limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and lightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-laundering legislation does not meet international standards; few investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities
Belgium growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and tobacco
Belize major transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector
Benin transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western Europe and the US; vulnerable to money laundering due to a poorly regulated financial infrastructure
Bolivia world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru) with an estimated 28,450 hectares under cultivation in June 2003, a 23% increase from June 2002; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported mostly to or through Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to European and US drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs under the MESA administration have been unable to keep pace with farmers' attempts to increase cultivation; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders with Brazil and Paraguay
Bosnia and Herzegovina minor transit point for marijuana and opiate trafficking routes to Western Europe; remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement and instances of corruption
Brazil illicit producer of cannabis; minor coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe and the US; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area
British Virgin Islands transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe; large offshore financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering
Brunei drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Bulgaria major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions
Burma remains world's second largest producer of illicit opium (estimated production in 2004 - 292 metric tons, down 40% from 2003 due to eradication efforts and drought; cultivation in 2004 - 30,900 hectares, a 34% decline from 2003); lack of government will and ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate money-laundering controls (2005)
Cambodia narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
Canada illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector
Cape Verde used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Cayman Islands offshore financial center; vulnerable to drug transshipment to the US and Europe
Chile important transshipment country for cocaine destined for Europe and the US; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a new anti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursors passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising
China major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for chemical precursors and methamphetamine
Colombia illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis; world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 2002 was 144,450 hectares, a 15% decline since 2001); potential production of opium between 2001 and 2002 declined by 25% to 91 metric tons; potential production of heroin declined to 11.3 metric tons; the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of about 90% of the cocaine to the US market and the great majority of cocaine to other international drug markets; important supplier of heroin to the US market; active aerial eradication program; a significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are either laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso exchange
Congo, Democratic Republic of the illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Costa Rica transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots; domestic cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising
Cote d'Ivoire illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin American cocaine destined for Europe and South Africa; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center
Croatia transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe
Cuba territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone primarily for marijuana bound for North America; established the death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999
Cyprus minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of anti-money-laundering legislation, remains highly vulnerable to money laundering; identification of benefiting owners and reporting of suspicious transactions by nonresident-controlled companies in offshore sector remains weak
Czech Republic transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime
Dominica transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money laundering
Dominican Republic transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financial transactions
East Timor NA
Ecuador significant transit country for cocaine originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime, especially vulnerable along the border with Colombia; increased activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents
Egypt transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop for Nigerian couriers; concern as money-laundering site due to lax financial regulations and enforcement
El Salvador transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise
Estonia transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western Europe to Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem; possible precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking; potential money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a concern as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds
Ethiopia Transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
France transshipment point for and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics
French Guiana small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe
Georgia limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia
Germany source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs; major financial center
Ghana illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Greece a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime
Grenada small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for marijuana and cocaine to US
Guatemala major transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis for mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime
Guyana transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis
Haiti major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption
Honduras transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity
Hong Kong makes strenuous law enforcement efforts, but faces difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system provides conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of synthetic drugs, especially among young people
Hungary transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking
India world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of methaqualone; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system
Indonesia illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin
Iran despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic narcotics consumption remains a persistent problem and according to official Iranian statistics there are at least two million drug users in the country; lax anti-money-laundering regulations
Ireland transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money laundering using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies involving the offshore financial community remains a concern
Israel increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan; money-laundering center
Italy important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling
Jamaica major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions
Kazakhstan significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe
Kenya widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities
Korea, North for years, from the 1970's into the 2000's, citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December 2004; in recent years, police investigations in Taiwan and Japan have linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003; all indications point to North Korea emerging as an important regional source of illicit drugs targeting markets in Japan, Taiwan, the Russian Far East, and China
Kyrgyzstan limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe
Laos estimated cultivation in 2004 - 10,000 hectares, a 45% decrease from 2003; estimated potential production in 2004 - 49 metric tons, a significant decrease from 200 metric tons in 2003 (2005)
Latvia transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin American cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS; vulnerable to money laundering despite improved legislation due to nascent enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of offshore companies and the gaming industry; organized crime (including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and prostitution) accounts for most laundered proceeds
Lebanon cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares in 2002; opium poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way to European markets and for Middle Eastern consumption
Liberia transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European and US markets; corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center
Liechtenstein has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein sophisticated offshore financial services sector
Lithuania transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking legislation
Macedonia major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although most criminal activity is thought to be domestic and not a financial center, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or prosecutions for money laundering to date)
Madagascar illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin
Malaysia transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties
Malta minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe
Martinique transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe
Mauritius minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry
Mexico illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2001 - 4,400 hectares; potential heroin production - 7 metric tons) and of cannabis (in 2001 - 4,100 hectares); government eradication efforts have been key in keeping illicit crop levels low; major supplier of heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America, accounting for about 70 percent of estimated annual cocaine movement to the US; major drug syndicates control majority of drug trafficking throughout the country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant money-laundering center
Moldova limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity
Montserrat transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Morocco illicit producer of hashish; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe
Mozambique Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Nauru offshore banking recently stopped, remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime
Nepal illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West
Netherlands major European producer of ecstasy, illicit amphetamines, and other synthetic drugs; important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money laundering
Netherlands Antilles transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center
Nicaragua transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing
Nigeria a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime
Pakistan opium poppy in Federally Administered Tribal Areas, North-West Frontier Province, and Balochistan Province has rebounded since it was nearly eliminated in 2001; key transit point for Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Western markets, the Gulf States, and Africa; financial crimes related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain problems
Panama major cocaine transshipment point and primary money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major problem
Paraguay major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, Europe, and US; corruption and some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area
Peru until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15 percent to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
Philippines exports locally-produced marijuana and hashish to East Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point for heroin and crystal methamphetamine; domestic methamphetamine production is a growing problem; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime
Poland major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the international market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe
Portugal gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil); transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin
Romania major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable to laundering which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange houses, and casinos
Russia limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption; government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are key concerns; heroin increasingly popular in domestic market
Saint Kitts and Nevis transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity
Saint Lucia transit point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis cultivation
Saudi Arabia death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption of heroin, cocaine, and hashish; not a major money-laundering center, improving anti-money-laundering legislation
Senegal transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis
Serbia and Montenegro transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering
Singapore as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to be used as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering
Slovakia transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market
Slovenia minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals
South Africa transshipment center for heroin, hashish, marijuana, and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries; illicit cultivation of marijuana; attractive venue for money launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the region
Spain key European gateway country and consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for European earnings of Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations
Suriname growing transshipment point for South American drugs destined for Europe and Brazil; transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing
Switzerland a major international financial center vulnerable to the layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
Syria a transit point for opiates and hashish bound for regional and Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls, bank privatization may leave it vulnerable to money-laundering
Taiwan regional transit point for heroin and methamphetamine; major problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin; renewal of domestic methamphetamine production is a problem
Tajikistan major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium)
Tanzania growing role in transshipment of southwest and southeast Asian heroin and south American cocaine destined for south African, European, and US markets and of south Asian methaqualone bound for southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem
Thailand a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine
Togo transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem
Trinidad and Tobago transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Turkey key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate
Turkmenistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Turks and Caicos Islands transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Ukraine limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF
United Arab Emirates the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to southwest Asian drug producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving
United Kingdom producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs; money-laundering center
United States consumer of cocaine shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center
Uzbekistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Venezuela small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border
Vietnam minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; domestic opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems
World cocaine: worldwide, coca is grown on an estimated 173,450 hectares - almost exclusively in South America with 70% in Colombia; potential cocaine production during 2003 is estimated at 728 metric tons (or 835 metric tons of export quality cocaine); coca eradication programs continue in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru; 376 metric tons of export quality cocaine are documented to have been seized in 2003, and 26 metric tons disrupted (jettisoned or destroyed); consumption of export quality cocaine is estimated to have been 800 metric tons opiates: cultivation of opium poppy occurred on an estimated 137,944 hectares in 2003 - mostly in Southwest and Southeast Asia - with 44% in Afghanistan, potentially produced 3,775 metric tons of opium, which conceivably could be converted to the equivalent of 429 metric tons of pure heroin; opium eradication programs have been undertaken in Afghanistan, Burma, Colombia, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam
Zambia transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers
Zimbabwe transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and European markets
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2087 Imports
Afghanistan $3.759 billion (FY03-04)
Albania $2.076 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Algeria $15.25 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
American Samoa $123 million (2002)
Andorra $1.077 billion (1998)
Angola $4.896 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Anguilla $80.9 million (1999)
Antigua and Barbuda $692 million (2002 est.)
Argentina $22.06 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Armenia $1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Aruba $841 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Australia $98.1 billion (2004 est.)
Austria $101.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan $3.622 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The $1.63 billion (2003)
Bahrain $5.87 billion (2004 est.)
Bangladesh $10.03 billion (2004 est.)
Barbados $1.039 billion (2002)
Belarus $13.57 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Belgium $235 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Belize $579.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Benin $934.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Bermuda $5.523 billion (2002)
Bhutan $196 million c.i.f. (2000 est.)
Bolivia $1.595 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $5.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Botswana $2.255 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Brazil $61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands $187 million (2002 est.)
Brunei $5.2 billion c.i.f. (2003)
Bulgaria $12.23 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso $866.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Burma $1.754 billion f.o.b. note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2004 est.)
Burundi $138.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cambodia $3.129 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cameroon $1.979 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Canada $256.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cape Verde $387.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands $457.4 million (1999)
Central African Republic $136 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Chad $500.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Chile $22.53 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
China $552.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia $15.34 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Comoros $88 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $933 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Congo, Republic of the $749.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cook Islands $50.7 million (2000)
Costa Rica $7.842 billion (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire $3.36 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Croatia $16.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cuba $5.296 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $5.258 billion f.o.b. north Cyprus: $415.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Czech Republic $68.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Denmark $63.45 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Djibouti $665 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Dominica $98.2 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Dominican Republic $8.093 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
East Timor $167 million (2004 est.)
Ecuador $7.65 billion (2004 est.)
Egypt $19.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
El Salvador $5.968 billion (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea $1.167 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Eritrea $622 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Estonia $7.318 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ethiopia $2.104 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
European Union $1.123 trillion note: external imports, excluding intra-EU trade (2003)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $53 million (2002)
Faroe Islands $466 million c.i.f. (2002)
Fiji $835 million c.i.f. (2002)
Finland $45.17 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
France $419.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
French Guiana $625 million c.i.f. (2002 est.)
French Polynesia $1.341 billion f.o.b. (2002)
Gabon $1.225 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Gambia, The $180.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip $1.9 billion c.i.f., includes West Bank (2002)
Georgia $1.806 billion (2004 est.)
Germany $716.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ghana $3.699 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Gibraltar $1.743 billion c.i.f. (2002)
Greece $54.28 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Greenland $445 million c.i.f. (2002)
Grenada $208 million (2002 est.)
Guadeloupe $1.7 billion c.i.f. (1997)
Guam $462 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Guatemala $7.77 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Guernsey $NA
Guinea $641.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau $104 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Guyana $650.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Haiti $1.085 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Honduras $3.332 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Hong Kong $275.9 billion (2004 est.)
Hungary $58.68 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Iceland $3.307 billion (2004 est.)
India $89.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Indonesia $45.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Iran $31.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Iraq $9.9 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ireland $60.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Israel $36.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Italy $329.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Jamaica $3.624 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Japan $401.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Jersey $NA
Jordan $7.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan $13.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kenya $4.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kiribati $83 million c.i.f. (2002)
Korea, North $2.1 billion c.i.f. (2003)
Korea, South $214.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kuwait $11.12 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan $775.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Laos $579.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Latvia $5.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Lebanon $8.162 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Lesotho $730.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Liberia $5.051 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Libya $7.224 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein $917.3 million (1996)
Lithuania $11.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Luxembourg $16.3 billion c.i.f. (2003)
Macau $2.76 billion c.i.f. (2003)
Macedonia $2.677 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Madagascar $1.147 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Malawi $521.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Malaysia $99.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Maldives $392 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Mali $927 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Malta $3.407 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Man, Isle of $NA
Marshall Islands $54 million f.o.b. (2000)
Martinique $2 billion c.i.f. (1997)
Mauritania $860 million f.o.b. (2002)
Mauritius $2.245 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Mayotte $141.3 million f.o.b. (1997)
Mexico $190.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of $149 million f.o.b. (FY99/00 est.)
Moldova $1.83 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Monaco $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Mongolia $1 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Montserrat $17 million (2001)
Morocco $15.63 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Mozambique $972.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Namibia $1.473 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Nauru $19.8 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Nepal $1.419 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Netherlands $252.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles $2.233 billion f.o.b. (2002)
New Caledonia $1.007 billion f.o.b. (2002)
New Zealand $19.77 billion (2004 est.)
Nicaragua $2.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Niger $400 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Nigeria $17.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Niue $2.38 million (1999)
Norfolk Island $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway $45.96 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Oman $6.373 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Pakistan $14.01 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Palau $99 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Panama $7.164 billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea $1.353 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Paraguay $3.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Peru $9.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Philippines $37.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland $81.61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Portugal $52.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico $29.1 billion c.i.f. (2001)
Qatar $6.15 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Reunion $2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)
Romania $28.43 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Russia $92.91 billion (2004 est.)
Rwanda $260 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Saint Helena $42 million c.i.f. (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis $195 million (2002 est.)
Saint Lucia $267 million (2002 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon $106 million f.o.b. (2002)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $174 million (2002 est.)
Samoa $113 million f.o.b. (2002)
San Marino trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Sao Tome and Principe $41 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia $36.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Senegal $2.128 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro $9.538 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Seychelles $393.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone $264 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Singapore $155.2 billion (2004 est.)
Slovakia $29.67 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Slovenia $16.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands $67 million f.o.b. (2003)
Somalia $344 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
South Africa $39.42 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Spain $222 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka $7.265 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sudan $3.496 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Suriname $604 million f.o.b. (2002)
Svalbard $NA
Swaziland $1.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sweden $97.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Switzerland $121.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Syria $5.042 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Taiwan $165.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tajikistan $1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tanzania $1.972 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Thailand $80.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Togo $824.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tokelau $323,000 c.i.f. (1983)
Tonga $86 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago $4.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tunisia $11.52 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Turkey $94.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan $2.85 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands $175.6 million (2000)
Tuvalu $79 million c.i.f. (2002)
Uganda $1.306 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ukraine $31.45 billion (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates $45.66 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
United Kingdom $439.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
United States $1.476 trillion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Uruguay $2.071 billion f.o.b. (2003)
Uzbekistan $2.82 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Vanuatu $138 million c.i.f. (2002)
Venezuela $14.98 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Vietnam $26.31 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna $300,000 f.o.b. (1999)
West Bank $1.5 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip (2002)
Western Sahara NA
World $8.754 trillion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Yemen $3.734 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Zambia $1.519 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe $1.599 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2088 Independence
Afghanistan 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)
Albania 28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)
Algeria 5 July 1962 (from France)
American Samoa none (territory of the US)
Andorra 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)
Angola 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
Anguilla none (overseas territory of the UK)
Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 (from UK)
Argentina 9 July 1816 (from Spain)
Armenia 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Aruba none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Australia 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
Austria 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)
Azerbaijan 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Bahamas, The 10 July 1973 (from UK)
Bahrain 15 August 1971 (from UK)
Bangladesh 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh
Barbados 30 November 1966 (from UK)
Belarus 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Belgium 4 October 1830 (a provisional government declares independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King Leopold I ascends to the throne)
Belize 21 September 1981 (from UK)
Benin 1 August 1960 (from France)
Bermuda none (overseas territory of the UK)
Bhutan 8 August 1949 (from India)
Bolivia 6 August 1825 (from Spain)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for independence was completed 1 March 1992; independence was declared 3 March 1992)
Botswana 30 September 1966 (from UK)
Brazil 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
British Virgin Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Brunei 1 January 1984 (from UK)
Bulgaria 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)
Burkina Faso 5 August 1960 (from France)
Burma 4 January 1948 (from UK)
Burundi 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Cambodia 9 November 1953 (from France)
Cameroon 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Canada 1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (independence recognized)
Cape Verde 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Cayman Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Central African Republic 13 August 1960 (from France)
Chad 11 August 1960 (from France)
Chile 18 September 1810 (from Spain)
China 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established)
Christmas Island none (territory of Australia)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands none (territory of Australia)
Colombia 20 July 1810 (from Spain)
Comoros 6 July 1975 (from France)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 30 June 1960 (from Belgium)
Congo, Republic of the 15 August 1960 (from France)
Cook Islands none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)
Costa Rica 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Cote d'Ivoire 7 August 1960 (from France)
Croatia 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Cuba 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902)
Cyprus 16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by Turkey
Czech Republic 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
Denmark first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy
Djibouti 27 June 1977 (from France)
Dominica 3 November 1978 (from UK)
Dominican Republic 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
East Timor 28 November 1975 (date of proclamation of independence from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of East Timor's independence from Indonesia
Ecuador 24 May 1822 (from Spain)
Egypt 28 February 1922 (from UK)
El Salvador 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Equatorial Guinea 12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Eritrea 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)
Estonia 20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Ethiopia oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years
European Union 7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Faroe Islands none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Fiji 10 October 1970 (from UK)
Finland 6 December 1917 (from Russia)
France 486 (unified by Clovis)
French Guiana none (overseas department of France)
French Polynesia none (overseas lands of France)
Gabon 17 August 1960 (from France)
Gambia, The 18 February 1965 (from UK)
Georgia 9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Germany 18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991
Ghana 6 March 1957 (from UK)
Gibraltar none (overseas territory of the UK)
Greece 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Greenland none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland)
Grenada 7 February 1974 (from UK)
Guadeloupe none (overseas department of France)
Guam none (territory of the US)
Guatemala 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Guernsey none (British crown dependency)
Guinea 2 October 1958 (from France)
Guinea-Bissau 24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)
Guyana 26 May 1966 (from UK)
Haiti 1 January 1804 (from France)
Holy See (Vatican City) 11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century
Honduras 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Hong Kong none (special administrative region of China)
Hungary 1001 (unification by King Stephen I)
Iceland 1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)
India 15 August 1947 (from UK)
Indonesia 17 August 1945 (independence proclaimed); 27 December 1949 (Netherlands recognizes Indonesian independence)
Iran 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)
Iraq 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government
Ireland 6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)
Israel 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Italy 17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1870)
Jamaica 6 August 1962 (from UK)
Japan 660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU)
Jersey none (British crown dependency)
Jordan 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Kazakhstan 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Kenya 12 December 1963 (from UK)
Kiribati 12 July 1979 (from UK)
Korea, North 15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Korea, South 15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Kuwait 19 June 1961 (from UK)
Kyrgyzstan 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Laos 19 July 1949 (from France)
Latvia 21 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Lebanon 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
Lesotho 4 October 1966 (from UK)
Liberia 26 July 1847
Libya 24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Liechtenstein 23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)
Lithuania 11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania's independence)
Luxembourg 1839 (from the Netherlands)
Macau none (special administrative region of China)
Macedonia 8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsing independence from Yugoslavia)
Madagascar 26 June 1960 (from France)
Malawi 6 July 1964 (from UK)
Malaysia 31 August 1957 (from UK)
Maldives 26 July 1965 (from UK)
Mali 22 September 1960 (from France)
Malta 21 September 1964 (from UK)
Man, Isle of none (British crown dependency)
Marshall Islands 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Martinique none (overseas department of France)
Mauritania 28 November 1960 (from France)
Mauritius 12 March 1968 (from UK)
Mayotte none (territorial collectivity of France)
Mexico 16 September 1810 (from Spain)
Micronesia, Federated States of 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Moldova 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Monaco 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Mongolia 11 July 1921 (from China)
Montserrat none (overseas territory of the UK)
Morocco 2 March 1956 (from France)
Mozambique 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Namibia 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)
Nauru 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Nepal 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)
Netherlands 23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; it was not until 1648 that Spain recognized their independence)
Netherlands Antilles none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
New Caledonia none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014
New Zealand 26 September 1907 (from UK)
Nicaragua 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Niger 3 August 1960 (from France)
Nigeria 1 October 1960 (from UK)
Niue on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
Norfolk Island none (territory of Australia)
Northern Mariana Islands none (commonwealth in political union with the US)
Norway 7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union)
Oman 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)
Pakistan 14 August 1947 (from UK)
Palau 1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Panama 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821)
Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)
Paraguay 14 May 1811 (from Spain)
Peru 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Philippines 12 June 1898 (from Spain)
Pitcairn Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Poland 11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed)
Portugal 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (independent republic proclaimed)
Puerto Rico none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Qatar 3 September 1971 (from UK)
Reunion none (overseas department of France)
Romania 9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin; kingdom proclaimed 26 March 1881); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)
Russia 24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Rwanda 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)
Saint Helena none (overseas territory of the UK)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983 (from UK)
Saint Lucia 22 February 1979 (from UK)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979 (from UK)
Samoa 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
San Marino 3 September 301
Sao Tome and Principe 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Saudi Arabia 23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)
Senegal 4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Serbia and Montenegro 27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY - now Serbia and Montenegro - formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY)
Seychelles 29 June 1976 (from UK)
Sierra Leone 27 April 1961 (from UK)
Singapore 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
Slovakia 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
Slovenia 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Solomon Islands 7 July 1978 (from UK)
Somalia 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)
South Africa 31 May 1910 (from UK); note - South Africa became a republic in 1961 following an October 1960 referendum
Spain the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Moslem occupation that began in the early 8th century A. D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain
Sri Lanka 4 February 1948 (from UK)
Sudan 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
Suriname 25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)
Svalbard none (territory of Norway)
Swaziland 6 September 1968 (from UK)
Sweden 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Switzerland 1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)
Syria 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
Tajikistan 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Tanzania 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Thailand 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)
Togo 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Tokelau none (territory of New Zealand)
Tonga 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Trinidad and Tobago 31 August 1962 (from UK)
Tunisia 20 March 1956 (from France)
Turkey 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
Turkmenistan 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Turks and Caicos Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Tuvalu 1 October 1978 (from UK)
Uganda 9 October 1962 (from UK)
Ukraine 24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971 (from UK)
United Kingdom England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284 with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927
United States 4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)
Uruguay 25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
Uzbekistan 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Vanuatu 30 July 1980 (from France and UK)
Venezuela 5 July 1811 (from Spain)
Vietnam 2 September 1945 (from France)
Wallis and Futuna none (overseas territory of France)
Yemen 22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen had become independent in November of 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)
Zambia 24 October 1964 (from UK)
Zimbabwe 18 April 1980 (from UK)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2089 Industrial production growth rate (%)
Afghanistan NA
Albania 3.1% (2004 est.)
Algeria 6% (2004 est.)
American Samoa NA%
Andorra NA%
Angola 1% (2000)
Anguilla 3.1% (1997 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 6% (1997 est.)
Argentina 12% (2004 est.)
Armenia 15% (2002 est.)
Aruba NA%
Australia 1.9% (2004 est.)
Austria 3.3% (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan 4% (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The NA
Bahrain 2% (2000 est.)
Bangladesh 6.5% (2004 est.)
Barbados -3.2% (2000 est.)
Belarus 4% (2004 est.)
Belgium 3.5% (2004 est.)
Belize 4.6% (1999)
Benin 8.3% (2001 est.)
Bermuda NA%
Bhutan 9.3% (1996 est.)
Bolivia 5.7% (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.5% (2003 est.)
Botswana 4.4% (2004 est.)
Brazil 6% (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands NA%
Brunei 5% (2002 est.)
Bulgaria 5.2% (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso 14% (2001 est.)
Burma NA
Burundi 18% (2001)
Cambodia 22% (2002 est.)
Cameroon 4.2% (1999 est.)
Canada 2% (2004 est.)
Cape Verde NA
Cayman Islands NA%
Central African Republic 3% (2002)
Chad 5% (1995)
Chile 7.8% (2004 est.)
China 17.1% (2004 est.)
Colombia 4% (2004 est.)
Comoros -2% (1999 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA
Congo, Republic of the 0% (2002 est.)
Cook Islands 1% (2002)
Costa Rica 3.1% (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 15% (1998 est.)
Croatia 2.7% (2004 est.)
Cuba 1.4% (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 0.4% (2002); north Cyprus: -0.3% (2002)
Czech Republic 4.7% (2004 est.)
Denmark 1.7% (2004 est.)
Djibouti 3% (1996 est.)
Dominica -10% (1997 est.)
Dominican Republic 2% (2001 est.)
East Timor 8.5%
Ecuador 10% (2004 est.)
Egypt 2.5% (2004 est.)
El Salvador 0.7% (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 30% (2002 est.)
Eritrea NA
Estonia 5% (2000 est.)
Ethiopia 6.7% (2001 est.)
European Union 2.4% (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA%
Faroe Islands 8% (1999 est.)
Fiji NA
Finland 2% (2004 est.)
France 1.7% (2004 est.)
French Guiana NA%
French Polynesia NA%
Gabon 1.6% (2002 est.)
Gambia, The NA
Gaza Strip NA
Georgia 3% (2000)
Germany 2.2% (2004 est.)
Ghana 3.8% (2000 est.)
Gibraltar NA%
Greece 4.1% (2004 est.)
Greenland NA%
Grenada 0.7% (1997 est.)
Guadeloupe NA%
Guam NA
Guatemala 4.1% (1999)
Guernsey NA%
Guinea 3.2% (1994)
Guinea-Bissau 2.6% (1997 est.)
Guyana 7.1% (1997 est.)
Haiti NA
Honduras 7.7% (2003 est.)
Hong Kong 1% (2004 est.)
Hungary 9.6% (2004 est.)
Iceland 8.8% (2004 est.)
India 7.4% (2004 est.)
Indonesia 10.5% (2004 est.)
Iran 3.5% excluding oil (2004 est.)
Iraq NA
Ireland 7% (2004 est.)
Israel 4.5% (2004 est.)
Italy 0.7% (2004 est.)
Jamaica -2% (2000 est.)
Japan 6.6% (2004 est.)
Jersey NA%
Jordan 5% (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 10.6% (2004 est.)
Kenya 2.6% (2004 est.)
Kiribati 0.7% (1991 est.)
Korea, North NA
Korea, South 10.1% (2004 est.)
Kuwait -5% (2002 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 6% (2000 est.)
Laos 9.7% (2001 est.)
Latvia 8.5% (2004 est.)
Lebanon NA
Lesotho 15.5% (1999)
Liberia NA
Libya NA
Liechtenstein NA%
Lithuania 12% (2004 est.)
Luxembourg 2.9% (2004 est.)
Macau NA
Macedonia 0% (2004 est.)
Madagascar 3% (2000 est.)
Malawi 1.4% (2004 est.)
Malaysia 10.2% (2004 est.)
Maldives 4.4% (1996 est.)
Mali NA (FY96/97)
Malta NA%
Man, Isle of 3.2% (FY96/97)
Marshall Islands NA
Martinique NA%
Mauritania 2% (2000 est.)
Mauritius 8% (2000 est.)
Mayotte NA%
Mexico 3.8% (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of NA
Moldova 17% (2003 est.)
Monaco NA%
Mongolia 4.1% (2002 est.)
Montserrat NA%
Morocco NA
Mozambique 3.4% (2000)
Namibia NA
Nauru NA
Nepal 8.7% (FY99/00)
Netherlands 0.8% (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles NA%
New Caledonia -0.6% (1996)
New Zealand 5.9% (2004 est.)
Nicaragua 4.4% (2000 est.)
Niger NA (2001 est.)
Nigeria 1.8% (2004 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway 5.2% (2004 est.)
Oman -1.2% (2004 est.)
Pakistan 13.1% (2004 est.)
Palau NA
Panama 5.4% (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea NA
Paraguay 0% (2000 est.)
Peru 5.2% (2004 est.)
Philippines 5% (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 10% (2004 est.)
Portugal 1.1% (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico NA%
Qatar 10% (2003 est.)
Reunion NA%
Romania 4% (2004 est.)
Russia 6.4% (2004 est.)
Rwanda 7% (2001 est.)
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA%
Saint Lucia -8.9% (1997 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -0.9% (1997 est.)
Samoa 2.8% (2000)
San Marino 6% (1997 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia 2.8% (2004 est.)
Senegal 4.7% (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 1.7% (2002 est.)
Seychelles NA
Sierra Leone NA
Singapore 11.1% (2004 est.)
Slovakia 5.1% (2004 est.)
Slovenia 3.9% (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia NA
South Africa 5.5% (2004 est.)
Spain 3% (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka 7.1% (2004 est.)
Sudan 8.5% (1999 est.)
Suriname 6.5% (1994 est.)
Swaziland 3.7% (FY95/96)
Sweden 5.5% (2004 est.)
Switzerland 4.7% (2004 est.)
Syria 7% (2002 est.)
Taiwan 12.2% (2004 est.)
Tajikistan 8.2% (2002 est.)
Tanzania 8.4% (1999 est.)
Thailand 8.5% (2004 est.)
Togo NA
Tokelau NA%
Tonga 8.6% (FY98/99)
Trinidad and Tobago 7.2% (2004 est.)
Tunisia 4.4% (2004 est.)
Turkey 16.5% (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan official government estimate: 22% (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands NA%
Tuvalu NA%
Uganda 5.6% (2004 est.)
Ukraine 16.5% (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates 4% (2000)
United Kingdom 0.9% (2004 est.)
United States 4.4% (2004 est.)
Uruguay 22% (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan 6.2% (2003 est.)
Vanuatu 1% (1997 est.)
Venezuela 12.3% (2004 est.)
Vietnam 16% (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands NA%
Wallis and Futuna NA%
West Bank NA
Western Sahara NA
World 3% (2003 est.)
Yemen 3% (2003 est.)
Zambia 6.9% (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe -7.8% (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2090 Industries
Afghanistan small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper
Albania food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower
Algeria petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing
American Samoa tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts
Andorra tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking
Angola petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles, ship repair
Anguilla tourism, boat building, offshore financial services
Antigua and Barbuda tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
Argentina food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel
Armenia diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing, brandy
Aruba tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining
Australia mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel
Austria construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism
Azerbaijan petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles
Bahamas, The tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe
Bahrain petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism
Bangladesh cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar
Barbados tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export
Belarus metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators
Belgium engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum
Belize garment production, food processing, tourism, construction
Benin textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement (2001)
Bermuda tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Bhutan cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide
Bolivia mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing
Bosnia and Herzegovina steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining (2001)
Botswana diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles
Brazil textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment
British Virgin Islands tourism, light industry, construction, rum, concrete block, offshore financial center
Brunei petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Bulgaria electricity, gas and water; food, beverages and tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel
Burkina Faso cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold
Burma agricultural processing; knit and woven apparel; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; cement
Burundi light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing
Cambodia tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Cameroon petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair
Canada transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas
Cape Verde food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair
Cayman Islands tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, construction materials, furniture
Central African Republic gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles
Chad oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Chile copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles
China mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals; coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles and satellites
Christmas Island tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands copra products and tourism
Colombia textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds
Comoros tourism, perfume distillation
Congo, Democratic Republic of the mining (diamonds, copper, zinc), mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, commercial ship repair
Congo, Republic of the petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes
Cook Islands fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing, handicrafts
Costa Rica microprocessors, food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products
Cote d'Ivoire foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity, ship construction and repair
Croatia chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages; tourism
Cuba sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals
Cyprus tourism, food and beverage processing; cement and gypsum production; ship repair and refurbishment; textiles; light chemicals; metal products; wood, paper, stone, and clay products
Czech Republic metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, glass, armaments
Denmark iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills
Dhekelia none
Djibouti construction, agricultural processing, salt
Dominica soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes
Dominican Republic tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco
East Timor printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth
Ecuador petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals
Egypt textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals
El Salvador food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals
Equatorial Guinea petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas
Eritrea food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, salt, cement, commercial ship repair
Estonia engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textile; information technology, telecommunications
Ethiopia food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement
Europa Island none
European Union among the world's largest and most technologically advanced, the European Union industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding, electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment, fishing, food and beverage processing, furniture, paper, textiles, tourism
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) fish and wool processing; tourism
Faroe Islands fishing, fish processing, small ship repair and refurbishment, handicrafts
Fiji tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries
Finland metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
France machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism
French Guiana construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining
French Polynesia tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts, phosphates
Gabon petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, and gold mining; chemicals; ship repair; food and beverage; textile; lumbering and plywood; cement
Gambia, The processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing
Gaza Strip generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center
Georgia steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine
Germany among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages; shipbuilding; textiles
Ghana mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building
Gibraltar tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Greece tourism; food and tobacco processing, textiles; chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum
Greenland fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut); gold, niobium, tantalite, uranium, iron and diamond mining; handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards
Grenada food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction
Guadeloupe construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism
Guam US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles
Guatemala sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism
Guernsey tourism, banking
Guinea bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries
Guinea-Bissau agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks
Guyana bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining
Haiti sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly industries based on imported parts
Holy See (Vatican City) printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities
Honduras sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products
Hong Kong textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks
Hungary mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles
Iceland fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power; tourism
India textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software
Indonesia petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism
Iran petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabrication, armaments
Iraq petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing
Ireland steel, lead, zinc, silver, aluminum, barite, and gypsum mining processing; food products, brewing, textiles, clothing; chemicals, pharmaceuticals; machinery, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, ship construction and refurbishment; glass and crystal; software, tourism
Israel high-technology projects (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, metals products, chemical products, plastics, diamond cutting, textiles and footwear
Italy tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics
Jamaica tourism, bauxite/alumina, textiles, agro processing, wearing apparel, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications
Japan among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods
Jersey tourism, banking and finance, dairy
Jordan phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, potash, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing, tourism
Kazakhstan oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials
Kenya small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products; oil refining, aluminum, steel, lead, cement; commercial ship repair, tourism
Kiribati fishing, handicrafts
Korea, North military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism
Korea, South electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel
Kuwait petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, desalination, food processing, construction materials
Kyrgyzstan small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals
Laos tin and gypsum mining, timber, electric power, agricultural processing, construction, garments, tourism
Latvia buses, vans, street and railroad cars, synthetic fibers, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios, electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles; note - dependent on imports for energy and raw materials
Lebanon banking, food processing, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating
Lesotho food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts; construction; tourism
Liberia rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds
Libya petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Liechtenstein electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments
Lithuania metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber
Luxembourg banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, information technology, tourism and banking
Macau tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Macedonia coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses, steel
Madagascar meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism
Malawi tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods
Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber; Sabah - logging, petroleum production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging
Maldives fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining
Mali food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Malta tourism; electronics, ship building and repair, construction; food and beverages, textiles, footwear, clothing, tobacco
Man, Isle of financial services, light manufacturing, tourism
Marshall Islands copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls
Martinique construction, rum, cement, oil refining, sugar, tourism
Mauritania fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum
Mauritius food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism
Mayotte newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction
Mexico food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism
Micronesia, Federated States of tourism, construction, fish processing, specialized aquaculture, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls
Moldova food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles
Monaco tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Mongolia construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing
Montserrat tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances
Morocco phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism
Mozambique food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco
Namibia meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products; mining (diamond, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)
Nauru phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
Nepal tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette; cement and brick production
Netherlands agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing
Netherlands Antilles tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)
New Caledonia nickel mining and smelting
New Zealand food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining
Nicaragua food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood
Niger uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses
Nigeria crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel, small commercial ship construction and repair
Niue tourism, handicrafts, food processing
Norfolk Island tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete
Northern Mariana Islands tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts
Norway petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
Oman crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production, construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber
Pakistan textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp
Palau tourism, craft items (from shell, wood, pearls), construction, garment making
Panama construction, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling
Papua New Guinea copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production; construction, tourism
Paraguay sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, electric power
Peru mining and refining of minerals and metals, petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas, fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing, steel, metal fabrication
Philippines electronics assembly, garments, footwear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing
Pitcairn Islands postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honey
Poland machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles
Portugal textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metals and metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; rubber and plastic products; ceramics; electronics and communications equipment; rail transportation equipment; aerospace equipment; ship construction and refurbishment; wine; tourism
Puerto Rico pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism
Qatar crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair
Reunion sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Romania textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining
Russia complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts
Rwanda cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
Saint Helena construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Saint Kitts and Nevis sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages
Saint Lucia clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism, lime processing, coconut processing
Saint Pierre and Miquelon fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch
Samoa food processing, building materials, auto parts
San Marino tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Sao Tome and Principe light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber
Saudi Arabia crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, construction, fertilizer, plastics, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair
Senegal agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials, ship construction and repair
Serbia and Montenegro machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; tanks and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery); metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium); mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone); consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances); electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Seychelles fishing; tourism; processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages
Sierra Leone diamonds mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small commercial ship repair
Singapore electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade
Slovakia metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products
Slovenia ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
Solomon Islands fish (tuna), mining, timber
Somalia a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication
South Africa mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair
Spain textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment
Sri Lanka rubber processing, tea, coconuts, and other agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, and banking; clothing, cement, petroleum refining, textiles, tobacco
Sudan oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly
Suriname bauxite and gold mining, alumina production, oil, lumbering, food processing, fishing
Swaziland mining (coal, raw asbestos), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel
Sweden iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
Switzerland machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments
Syria petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining
Taiwan electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals
Tajikistan aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers
Tanzania agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond, gold and iron mining, soda ash, oil refining, shoes, cement, apparel, wood products, fertilizer, salt
Thailand tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry, electric appliances and components, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, world's second-largest tungsten producer, and third-largest tin producer
Togo phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Tokelau small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Tonga tourism, fishing
Trinidad and Tobago petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles
Tunisia petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
Turkey textiles, food processing, autos, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Turkmenistan natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
Turks and Caicos Islands tourism, offshore financial services
Tuvalu fishing, tourism, copra
Uganda sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement, steel production
Ukraine coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing (especially sugar)
United Arab Emirates petroleum, fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles
United Kingdom machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods
United States leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining
Uruguay food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages
Uzbekistan textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, gold petroleum, natural gas, chemicals
Vanuatu food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning
Venezuela petroleum, iron ore mining, construction materials, food processing, textiles, steel, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly
Vietnam food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, coal, steel, paper
Virgin Islands tourism, petroleum refining, watch assembly, rum distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics
Wallis and Futuna copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber
West Bank generally small family businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers
Western Sahara phosphate mining, handicrafts
World dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development of new industrial (and agricultural) technology is complicating already grim environmental problems
Yemen crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial ship repair
Zambia copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture
Zimbabwe mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2091 Infant mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births)
Afghanistan total: 163.07 deaths/1,000 live births male: 167.79 deaths/1,000 live births female: 158.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Albania total: 21.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 21.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Algeria total: 31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 34.83 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
American Samoa total: 9.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Andorra total: 4.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Angola total: 191.19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 203.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 178.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Anguilla total: 21.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 27.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda total: 19.46 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.43 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Argentina total: 15.18 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Armenia total: 23.28 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Aruba total: 5.89 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Australia total: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Austria total: 4.66 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan total: 81.74 deaths/1,000 live births male: 83.58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 79.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The total: 25.21 deaths/1,000 live births male: 31.02 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Bahrain total: 17.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Bangladesh total: 62.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 63.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 61.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Barbados total: 12.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Belarus total: 13.37 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Belgium total: 4.68 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Belize total: 25.69 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.97 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Benin total: 85 deaths/1,000 live births male: 90 deaths/1,000 live births female: 79.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Bermuda total: 8.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Bhutan total: 100.44 deaths/1,000 live births male: 98.19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 102.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Bolivia total: 53.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 56.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 49.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 21.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.62 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Botswana total: 54.58 deaths/1,000 live births male: 55.97 deaths/1,000 live births female: 53.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Brazil total: 29.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.37 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands total: 18.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.02 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Brunei total: 12.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 15.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Bulgaria total: 20.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 24.31 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso total: 97.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 105.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 89.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Burma total: 67.24 deaths/1,000 live births male: 73.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 61.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Burundi total: 69.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 75.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Cambodia total: 71.48 deaths/1,000 live births male: 80.13 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Cameroon total: 68.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 72.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 64.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Canada total: 4.75 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Cape Verde total: 47.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 52.95 deaths/1,000 live births female: 42.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Cayman Islands total: 8.19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.39 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Central African Republic total: 91 deaths/1,000 live births male: 97.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 83.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Chad total: 93.82 deaths/1,000 live births male: 103.03 deaths/1,000 live births female: 84.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Chile total: 8.8 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
China total: 24.18 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 27.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Christmas Island total: NA male: NA female: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands total: NA male: NA female: NA
Colombia total: 20.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 24.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Comoros total: 74.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 83.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 66.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 92.87 deaths/1,000 live births male: 101.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 84.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the total: 92.41 deaths/1,000 live births male: 98.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 86.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Cook Islands total: NA male: NA female: NA
Costa Rica total: 9.95 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire total: 90.83 deaths/1,000 live births male: 107.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 73.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Croatia total: 6.84 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.79 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Cuba total: 6.33 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Cyprus total: 7.18 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.94 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Czech Republic total: 3.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.28 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Denmark total: 4.56 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Djibouti total: 104.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 111.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 96.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Dominica total: 14.15 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic total: 32.38 deaths/1,000 live births male: 34.81 deaths/1,000 live births female: 29.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
East Timor total: 47.41 deaths/1,000 live births male: 53.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 40.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Ecuador total: 23.66 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Egypt total: 32.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.31 deaths/1,000 live births female: 31.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
El Salvador total: 25.1 deaths/1,000 live births male: 27.98 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea total: 85.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 91.28 deaths/1,000 live births female: 78.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Eritrea total: 74.87 deaths/1,000 live births male: 82.28 deaths/1,000 live births female: 67.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Estonia total: 7.87 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Ethiopia total: 95.32 deaths/1,000 live births male: 105.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 85.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
European Union total: 5.1 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (July 2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: NA male: NA female: NA (2005 est.)
Faroe Islands total: 6.24 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.54 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Fiji total: 12.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.97 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Finland total: 3.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.89 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
France total: 4.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.76 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
French Guiana total: 12.07 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
French Polynesia total: 8.44 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Gabon total: 53.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 63.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 43.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Gambia, The total: 72.02 deaths/1,000 live births male: 78.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 65.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip total: 22.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 24.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 21.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Georgia total: 18.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Germany total: 4.16 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Ghana total: 51.43 deaths/1,000 live births male: 54.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Gibraltar total: 5.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Greece total: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.08 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Greenland total: 15.82 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.15 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Grenada total: 14.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.18 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe total: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.81 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Guam total: 6.94 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Guatemala total: 35.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 36.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 35.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Guernsey total: 4.71 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.26 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Guinea total: 90.37 deaths/1,000 live births male: 95.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 84.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau total: 107.17 deaths/1,000 live births male: 117.78 deaths/1,000 live births female: 96.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Guyana total: 33.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 36.94 deaths/1,000 live births female: 29.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Haiti total: 73.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 79.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 66.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Honduras total: 29.32 deaths/1,000 live births male: 32.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Hong Kong total: 2.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Hungary total: 8.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Iceland total: 3.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.45 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
India total: 56.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 56.86 deaths/1,000 live births female: 55.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Indonesia total: 35.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 40.72 deaths/1,000 live births female: 30.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Iran total: 41.58 deaths/1,000 live births male: 41.75 deaths/1,000 live births female: 41.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Iraq total: 50.25 deaths/1,000 live births male: 56.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 44.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Ireland total: 5.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Israel total: 7.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.77 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Italy total: 5.94 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Jamaica total: 12.36 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Japan total: 3.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Jersey total: 5.24 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Jordan total: 17.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.75 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan total: 29.21 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Kenya total: 61.47 deaths/1,000 live births male: 64.26 deaths/1,000 live births female: 58.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Kiribati total: 48.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 53.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 43.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Korea, North total: 24.04 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.77 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Korea, South total: 7.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Kuwait total: 9.95 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan total: 35.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 40.97 deaths/1,000 live births female: 30.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Laos total: 85.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 95.04 deaths/1,000 live births female: 75.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Latvia total: 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 11.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Lebanon total: 24.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 27.19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 21.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Lesotho total: 84.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 89.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 79.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Liberia total: 128.87 deaths/1,000 live births male: 135.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 121.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Libya total: 24.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein total: 4.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.34 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Lithuania total: 6.89 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Luxembourg total: 4.81 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.79 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Macau total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Macedonia total: 10.09 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Madagascar total: 76.83 deaths/1,000 live births male: 85.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 68.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Malawi total: 103.32 deaths/1,000 live births male: 107.44 deaths/1,000 live births female: 99.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Malaysia total: 17.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.49 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Maldives total: 56.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 55.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 57.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Mali total: 116.79 deaths/1,000 live births male: 123.32 deaths/1,000 live births female: 110.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Malta total: 3.89 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of total: 5.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands total: 29.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Martinique total: 7.09 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Mauritania total: 70.89 deaths/1,000 live births male: 73.81 deaths/1,000 live births female: 67.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Mauritius total: 15.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Mayotte total: 62.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 68.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 56.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Mexico total: 20.91 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of total: 30.21 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Moldova total: 40.42 deaths/1,000 live births male: 43.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 37.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Monaco total: 5.43 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.29 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Mongolia total: 53.79 deaths/1,000 live births male: 57.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Montserrat total: 7.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Morocco total: 41.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 45.42 deaths/1,000 live births female: 37.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Mozambique total: 130.79 deaths/1,000 live births male: 135.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 125.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Namibia total: 48.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 53 deaths/1,000 live births female: 44.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Nauru total: 9.95 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Nepal total: 66.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 65.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 68.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Netherlands total: 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles total: 10.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
New Caledonia total: 7.72 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.42 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
New Zealand total: 5.85 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Nicaragua total: 29.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 32.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Niger total: 121.69 deaths/1,000 live births male: 125.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 117.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Nigeria total: 98.8 deaths/1,000 live births male: 105.69 deaths/1,000 live births female: 91.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Niue total: NA male: NA female: NA
Norfolk Island total: NA male: NA female: NA
Northern Mariana Islands total: 7.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Norway total: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Oman total: 19.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Pakistan total: 72.44 deaths/1,000 live births male: 72.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 72.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Palau total: 14.84 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Panama total: 20.47 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea total: 51.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 55.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 47.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Paraguay total: 25.63 deaths/1,000 live births male: 30.37 deaths/1,000 live births female: 20.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Peru total: 31.94 deaths/1,000 live births male: 34.53 deaths/1,000 live births female: 29.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Philippines total: 23.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.34 deaths/1,000 live births female: 20.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands total: NA male: NA female: NA
Poland total: 8.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Portugal total: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico total: 8.24 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Qatar total: 18.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.95 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Reunion total: 7.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Romania total: 26.43 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 23.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Russia total: 15.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Rwanda total: 91.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 96.37 deaths/1,000 live births female: 85.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Saint Helena total: 19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 14.49 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia total: 13.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.66 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon total: 7.54 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.66 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 14.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Samoa total: 27.71 deaths/1,000 live births male: 32.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
San Marino total: 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe total: 43.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 45.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 41.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia total: 13.24 deaths/1,000 live births male: 15.19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Senegal total: 55.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 59.17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 51.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro total: 12.89 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.54 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Seychelles total: 15.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 19.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone total: 143.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 161.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 125.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Singapore total: 2.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Slovakia total: 7.41 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Slovenia total: 4.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands total: 21.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 24.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Somalia total: 116.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 126.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 107.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
South Africa total: 61.81 deaths/1,000 live births male: 65.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 57.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Spain total: 4.42 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka total: 14.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 15.57 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Sudan total: 62.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 63.29 deaths/1,000 live births female: 61.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Suriname total: 23.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 27.57 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Svalbard total: NA male: NA female: NA
Swaziland total: 69.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 72.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 65.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Sweden total: 2.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 2.93 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Switzerland total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Syria total: 29.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.76 deaths/1,000 live births female: 29.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Taiwan total: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Tajikistan total: 110.76 deaths/1,000 live births male: 122.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 98.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Tanzania total: 98.54 deaths/1,000 live births male: 107.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 88.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Thailand total: 20.48 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.83 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Togo total: 66.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 74.24 deaths/1,000 live births female: 58.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Tokelau total: NA male: NA female: NA
Tonga total: 12.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.97 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago total: 24.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.23 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Tunisia total: 24.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 27.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 21.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Turkey total: 41.04 deaths/1,000 live births male: 44.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 37.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan total: 73.08 deaths/1,000 live births male: 76.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 69.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands total: 15.67 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Tuvalu total: 20.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Uganda total: 67.83 deaths/1,000 live births male: 71.18 deaths/1,000 live births female: 64.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Ukraine total: 20.34 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates total: 14.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
United Kingdom total: 5.16 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.76 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
United States total: 6.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Uruguay total: 11.95 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan total: 71.1 deaths/1,000 live births male: 74.78 deaths/1,000 live births female: 67.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Vanuatu total: 55.16 deaths/1,000 live births male: 57.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 52.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Venezuela total: 22.2 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.31 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Vietnam total: 25.95 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands total: 8.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Wallis and Futuna total: NA male: NA female: NA
West Bank total: 19.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.66 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Western Sahara total: NA male: NA female: NA
World total: 50.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 52.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Yemen total: 61.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 66.26 deaths/1,000 live births female: 56.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Zambia total: 88.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 95.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 80.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe total: 67.69 deaths/1,000 live births male: 70.32 deaths/1,000 live births female: 64.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2092 Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)
Afghanistan 10.3% (2003)
Albania 3.2% (2004 est.)
Algeria 3.1% (2004 est.)
American Samoa NA%
Andorra 4.3% (2000)
Angola 43.8% (2004 est.)
Anguilla 2.3%
Antigua and Barbuda 0.4% (2000 est.)
Argentina 6.1% (2004 est.)
Armenia 3.5% (2004 est.)
Aruba 3.2% (2002 est.)
Australia 2.3% (2004 est.)
Austria 1.8% (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan 4.6% (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The 1.2% (year ending September 2004)
Bahrain 2.1% (2004 est.)
Bangladesh 6% (2004 est.)
Barbados -0.5% (2003 est.)
Belarus 17.4% (2004 est.)
Belgium 1.9% (2004 est.)
Belize 2.9% (2004 est.)
Benin 2.8% (2004 est.)
Bermuda 3.3% (mid-2003 est.)
Bhutan 3% (2002 est.)
Bolivia 4.9% (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.1% (2004 est.)
Botswana 7% (2004 est.)
Brazil 7.6% (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands 2.5% (2003)
Brunei 0.3% (2003 est.)
Bulgaria 6.1% (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso 2.4% (2004 est.)
Burma 17.2% (2004 est.)
Burundi 8.5% (2004 est.)
Cambodia 3.1% (2004 est.)
Cameroon 1% (2004 est.)
Canada 1.9% (2004 est.)
Cape Verde 1.5% (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands 2.8% (2002)
Central African Republic 3.6% (2001 est.)
Chad 8% (2004 est.)
Chile 2.4% (2004 est.)
China 4.1% (2004 est.)
Colombia 5.9% (2004 est.)
Comoros 3.5% (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14% (2003 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 1.8% (2004 est.)
Cook Islands 3.2% (2000 est.)
Costa Rica 11.5% (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 1.4% (2004 est.)
Croatia 2.5% (2004 est.)
Cuba 3.1% (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 2.4% (2003 est.); north Cyprus: 12.6% (2003 est.)
Czech Republic 3.2% (2004 est.)
Denmark 1.4% (2004 est.)
Djibouti 2% (2002 est.)
Dominica 1% (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic 55% (2004 est.)
East Timor 4% (2003 est.)
Ecuador 2% (2004 est.)
Egypt 9.5% (2004 est.)
El Salvador 5.4% (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 8.5% (2004 est.)
Eritrea 10% (2004 est.)
Estonia 3% (2004 est.)
Ethiopia 2.4% (2004 est.)
European Union 2.1% (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3.6% (1998)
Faroe Islands 5.1% (1999)
Fiji 1.6% (2002 est.)
Finland 0.7% (2004 est.)
France 2.3% (2004 est.)
French Guiana 1.5% (2002 est.)
French Polynesia 1.5% (2002 est.)
Gabon 1.5% (2004 est.)
Gambia, The 7% (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip 2.2% (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)
Georgia 5.5% (2004 est.)
Germany 1.6% (2004 est.)
Ghana 13% (2004 est.)
Gibraltar 1.5% (1998)
Greece 2.9% (2004 est.)
Greenland 1.6% (1999 est.)
Grenada 2.8% (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe NA%
Guam 0% (1999 est.)
Guatemala 7.2% (2004 est.)
Guernsey 4.9% (2004 est.)
Guinea 18% (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 4% (2002 est.)
Guyana 4.5% (2004 est.)
Haiti 22% (2004 est.)
Honduras 7% (2004 est.)
Hong Kong -0.3% (2004 est.)
Hungary 7% (2004 est.)
Iceland 4% (2004 est.)
India 4.2% (2004 est.)
Indonesia 6.1% (2004 est.)
Iran 15.5% (2004 est.)
Iraq 25.4% (2004 est.)
Ireland 2.2% (2004 est.)
Israel 0% (2004 est.)
Italy 2.3% (2004 est.)
Jamaica 12.4% (2004 est.)
Japan -0.1% (2004 est.)
Jersey 5.3% (2004)
Jordan 3.2% (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 6.9% (2004 est.)
Kenya 9% (2004 est.)
Kiribati 2.5% (2001 est.)
Korea, North NA (2003 est.)
Korea, South 3.6% (2004 est.)
Kuwait 2.3% (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 3.2% (2004 est.)
Laos 12.3% (2004 est.)
Latvia 6% (2004 est.)
Lebanon 2% (2004 est.)
Lesotho 5.3% (2004 est.)
Liberia 15% (2003 est.)
Libya 2.9% (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein 1% (2001)
Lithuania 1.1% (2004 est.)
Luxembourg 2.4% (2004 est.)
Macau 2% (3rd quarter, 2004)
Macedonia 0.4% (2004 est.)
Madagascar 7.5% (2004 est.)
Malawi 12% (2004 est.)
Malaysia 1.3% (2004 est.)
Maldives 1% (2002 est.)
Mali 4.5% (2002 est.)
Malta 2.9% (2004 est.)
Man, Isle of 3.6% (March 2003 est.)
Marshall Islands 2% (2001 est.)
Martinique 3.9% (1990)
Mauritania 7% (2003 est.)
Mauritius 4.5% (2004 est.)
Mayotte NA%
Mexico 5.4% (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 1% (2002 est.)
Moldova 11.5% (2004 est.)
Monaco 1.9% (2000)
Mongolia 11% (2004 est.)
Montserrat 2.6% (2002 est.)
Morocco 2.1% (2004 est.)
Mozambique 12.8% (2004 est.)
Namibia 4.2% (2004 est.)
Nauru -3.6% (1993)
Nepal 2.9% (2002 est.)
Netherlands 1.4% (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 2.1% (2003 est.)
New Caledonia -0.6% (2000 est.)
New Zealand 2.4% (2004 est.)
Nicaragua 9.3% (2004 est.)
Niger 3% (2002 est.)
Nigeria 16.5% (2004 est.)
Niue 1% (1995)
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands 1.2% (1997 est.)
Norway 1% (2004 est.)
Oman 0.2% (2004 est.)
Pakistan 4.8% (FY03/04 est.)
Palau 3.4% (2000 est.)
Panama 2% (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea 4.2% (2004 est.)
Paraguay 5.1% (2004 est.)
Peru 3.8% (2004 est.)
Philippines 5.5% (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 3.4% (2004 est.)
Portugal 2.1% (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico 6.5% (2003 est.)
Qatar 3% (2004 est.)
Reunion NA%
Romania 9.6% (2004 est.)
Russia 11.5% (2004 est.)
Rwanda 7% (2004 est.)
Saint Helena 3.2% (1997 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.7% (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia 3% (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2.1% (1991-96 average)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -0.4% (2001 est.)
Samoa 4% (2001 est.)
San Marino 3.3% (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe 14% (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia 0.8% (2004 est.)
Senegal 0.8% (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 8.8% (2004 est.)
Seychelles 5% (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone 1% (2002 est.)
Singapore 1.7% (2004 est.)
Slovakia 7.5% (2004 est.)
Slovenia 3.3% (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands 10% (2003 est.)
Somalia note - businesses print their own money, so inflation rates cannot be sensibly determined (2004 est.)
South Africa 4.5% (2004 est.)
Spain 3.2% (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka 5.8% (2004 est.)
Sudan 9% (2004 est.)
Suriname 23% (2003 est.)
Swaziland 5.4% (2004 est.)
Sweden 0.7% (2004 est.)
Switzerland 0.9% (2004 est.)
Syria 2.1% (2004 est.)
Taiwan 1.7% (2004 est.)
Tajikistan 8% (2004 est.)
Tanzania 5.4% (2004 est.)
Thailand 2.8% (2004 est.)
Togo 1% (2004 est.)
Tokelau NA%
Tonga 10.3% (2002 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 3.3% (2004 est.)
Tunisia 4.1% (2004 est.)
Turkey 9.3% (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan 9% (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 4% (1995)
Tuvalu 5% (2000 est.)
Uganda 3.5% (2004 est.)
Ukraine 12% (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates 3.2% (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 1.4% (2004 est.)
United States 2.5% (2004 est.)
Uruguay 7.6% (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan 3% (2004 est.)
Vanuatu 3.1% (2003 est.)
Venezuela 22.4% (2004 est.)
Vietnam 9.5% (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands 2.2% (2003)
Wallis and Futuna NA%
West Bank 2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.)
Western Sahara NA
World developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries 5% to 60% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation in several Third World countries (2004 est.)
Yemen 12.2% (2004 est.)
Zambia 18.3% (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe 133% (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2093 Waterways (km)
Afghanistan 1,200 km note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT (2004)
Albania 43 km (2004)
Angola 1,300 km (2004)
Argentina 11,000 km (2004)
Australia 2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling river systems) (2004)
Austria 358 km (2003)
Bangladesh 8,372 km note: includes 2,575 km main cargo routes (2004)
Belarus 2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country and by shallowness) (2003)
Belgium 2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2003)
Belize 825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2004)
Benin 150 km (on River Niger along northern border) (2004)
Bolivia 10,000 km (commercially navigable) (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sava River (northern border) open to shipping but use limited because of no agreement with neighboring countries (2004)
Brazil 50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2004)
Brunei 209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004)
Bulgaria 470 km (2004)
Burma 12,800 km (2004)
Burundi mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2004)
Cambodia 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004)
Cameroon navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2004)
Canada 631 km note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States (2003)
Central African Republic 2,800 km (primarily on the Oubangui and Sangha rivers) (2004)
Chad Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002)
China 121,557 km (2002)
Colombia 9,187 km (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 15,000 km (navigation on the Congo curtailed by fighting) (2004)
Congo, Republic of the 4,385 km (on Congo and Oubanqui rivers) (2004)
Costa Rica 730 km (seasonally navigable by small craft) (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire 980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons) (2003)
Croatia 785 km (2004)
Cuba 240 km (2004)
Czech Republic 664 km (on Elbe, Vltava, and Oder rivers) (2004)
Denmark 417 km (2001)
Ecuador 1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2003)
Egypt 3,500 km note: includes Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including approaches) navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m (2004)
El Salvador Rio Lempa partially navigable (2004)
Estonia 500 km (2003)
European Union 53,512 km
Fiji 203 km note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges (2004)
Finland 7,842 km note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia (2004)
France 8,500 km (1,686 km accessible to craft of 3,000 metric tons) (2000)
French Guiana 3,760 km note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and river steamers, 3,300 km by native craft (2004)
Gabon 1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2003)
Gambia, The 390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can reach 190 km) (2004)
Germany 7,300 km note: Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea (2004)
Ghana 1,293 km note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2003)
Greece 6 km note: Corinth Canal (6 km) crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; shortens sea voyage by 325 km (2004)
Guatemala 990 km note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season (2004)
Guinea 1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2003)
Guinea-Bissau 4 largest rivers are navigable for some distance; many inlets and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior (2004)
Guyana 1,077 km note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively (2004)
Honduras 465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2004)
Hungary 1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2004)
India 14,500 km note: 5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for mechanized vessels (2004)
Indonesia 21,579 km note: Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km (2004)
Iran 850 km (on Karun River and Lake Urmia) (2004)
Iraq 5,275 km (not all navigable) note: Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,895 km), and Third River (565 km) are principal waterways (2004)
Ireland 753 km (pleasure craft only) (2004)
Italy 2,400 km note: used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared to road and rail (2004)
Japan 1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2004)
Kazakhstan 4,000 km note: on the Syr Darya (Syrdariya) and Ertis (Irtysh) rivers (2004)
Kenya part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya (2004)
Kiribati 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2003)
Korea, North 2,250 km note: most navigable only by small craft (2004)
Korea, South 1,608 km note: most navigable only by small craft (2004)
Kyrgyzstan 600 km (2004)
Laos 4,600 km note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km are intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m (2003)
Latvia 300 km (2004)
Liechtenstein 28 km (2004)
Lithuania 600 km (2004)
Luxembourg 37 km (on Moselle River) (2003)
Madagascar 600 km (2004)
Malawi 700 km note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River (2003)
Malaysia 7,200 km note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km, Sabah 1,500 km, Sarawak 2,500 km (2004)
Mali 1,815 km (2004)
Mauritania some ferry traffic on Senegal River (2004)
Mexico 2,900 km note: navigable rivers and coastal canals (2004)
Moldova 424 km (2004)
Mongolia 580 km note: only waterway in operation is Lake Khovsgol (135 km); Selenge River (270 km) and Orkhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from May to September (2004)
Mozambique 460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2004)
Netherlands 5,046 km (navigable for ships of 50 tons) (2004)
Nicaragua 2,220 km (including lakes Managua and Nicaragua) (1997)
Niger 300 km note: Niger River is navigable to Gaya between September and March (2004)
Nigeria 8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2004)
Panama 800 km (includes 82 km Panama Canal) (2004)
Papua New Guinea 10,940 km (2003)
Paraguay 3,100 km (2004)
Peru 8,808 km note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca (2004)
Philippines 3,219 km note: limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m (2004)
Poland 3,997 km (navigable rivers and canals) (2003)
Portugal 210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003)
Romania 1,731 km (2004)
Russia 96,000 km note: 72,000 km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, White Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea (2004)
Rwanda Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft (2004)
Senegal 1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2003)
Serbia and Montenegro 587 km note: Danube River traffic delayed by pontoon bridge at Novi Sad; plan to replace by summer of 2005 (2004)
Sierra Leone 800 km (2003)
Slovakia 172 km (on Danube River) (2004)
Spain 1,045 km (2003)
Sri Lanka 160 km (primarily on rivers in southwest) (2004)
Sudan 4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile rivers) (2004)
Suriname 1,200 km (most navigable by ships with drafts up to 7 m) (2003)
Switzerland 65 km note: Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and Schaffhausen-Bodensee, some canals, and 12 navigable lakes (2003)
Syria 900 km (not economically significant) (2002)
Tajikistan 200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2003)
Tanzania Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa principal avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; rivers not navigable (2004)
Thailand 4,000 km note: 3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m (2003)
Togo 50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2003)
Turkey 1,200 km (2003)
Turkmenistan 1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal important inland waterways) (2003)
Uganda 300 km (on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and parts of Albert Nile) (2004 est.)
Ukraine 1,672 km (most on Dnieper River) (2004)
United Kingdom 3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2004)
United States 41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce) note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with Canada (2004)
Uruguay 1,600 km (2002)
Uzbekistan 1,100 km (2004)
Venezuela 7,100 km note: Orinoco River and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by oceangoing vessels, Orinoco for 400 km (2004)
Vietnam 17,702 km (5,000 km navigable by vessels up to 1.8 m draft) (2004)
World 671,886 km (2004)
Zambia 2,250 km note: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers (2003)
Zimbabwe on Lake Kariba, length small (2003)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2094 Judicial branch
Afghanistan the new constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a Minister of Justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged with investigating human rights abuses and war crimes
Albania Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assembly for a four-year term), and multiple appeals and district courts
Algeria Supreme Court or Court Supreme
American Samoa High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)
Andorra Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Angola Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by the president)
Anguilla High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court)
Antigua and Barbuda Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
Argentina Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)
Armenia Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)
Aruba Common Court of Justice of Aruba (judges are appointed by the monarch)
Australia High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general)
Austria Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof
Azerbaijan Supreme Court
Bahamas, The Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; magistrates courts
Bahrain High Civil Appeals Court
Bangladesh Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are appointed by the president)
Barbados Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)
Belarus Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)
Belgium Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the Government; candidacies have to be submitted by the High Justice Council)
Belize Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)
Benin Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice
Bermuda Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Bhutan Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch)
Bolivia Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)
Bosnia and Herzegovina BiH Constitutional Court (consists of nine members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of the European Court of Human Rights); BiH State Court (consists of nine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate and Criminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities; note - a War Crimes Chamber may be added at a future date) note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a number of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in the Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska has five municipal courts
Botswana High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)
Brazil Supreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed for life by the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life); note - though appointed "for life," judges, like all federal employees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70
British Virgin Islands Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Brunei Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Bulgaria Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation; Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members; responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)
Burkina Faso Supreme Court; Appeals Court
Burma remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not independent of the executive
Burundi Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)
Cambodia Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority
Cameroon Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly)
Canada Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
Cape Verde Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Cayman Islands Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of Appeal
Central African Republic Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts
Chad Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts
Chile Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal
China Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National People's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher, intermediate and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarily military, maritime, and railway transport courts)
Christmas Island Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court
Colombia four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest court of criminal law; judges are selected by their peers from the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of administrative law; judges are selected from the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution; rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and international treaties); Superior Judicial Council (administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; resolves jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms)
Comoros Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of the republic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Congo, Republic of the Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Cook Islands High Court
Costa Rica Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)
Cote d'Ivoire Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases, and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit to the number of members
Croatia Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Assembly
Cuba People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president, vice president, and other judges are elected by the National Assembly)
Cyprus Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president and vice president) note: there is also a Supreme Court in north Cyprus
Czech Republic Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term
Denmark Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
Djibouti Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Dominica Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
Dominican Republic Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by a the National Judicial Council comprised of the President, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the President of the Supreme Court, and an opposition or non-governing party member)
East Timor Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is established, Court of Appeals is highest court
Ecuador Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (according to the Constitution, new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court; in December 2004, however, Congress successfully replaced the entire court via a simple-majority resolution)
Egypt Supreme Constitutional Court
El Salvador Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly)
Equatorial Guinea Supreme Tribunal
Eritrea High Court - regional, subregional, and village courts; also have military and special courts
Estonia National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)
Ethiopia Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council)
European Union Court of Justice of the European Communities (ensures that the treaties are interpreted and applied correctly) - 25 justices (one from each member state) appointed for a six-year term; note - for the sake of efficiency, the court can sit with 11 justices known as the "Grand Chamber"; Court of First Instance - 25 justices appointed for a six-year term
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Faroe Islands none
Fiji Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts
Finland Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)
France Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat
French Guiana Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana)
French Polynesia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif
Gabon Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers - Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts
Gambia, The Supreme Court
Georgia Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the president's recommendation); Constitutional Court; first and second instance courts
Germany Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat)
Ghana Supreme Court
Gibraltar Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Greece Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges appointed for life by the president after consultation with a judicial council
Greenland High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen)
Grenada West Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associate judge resides in Grenada)
Guadeloupe Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique
Guam Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president); Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by the governor)
Guatemala Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad is Guatemala's highest court (five judges are elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados); Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (13 members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a president of the Court each year from among their number; the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms)
Guernsey Royal Court
Guinea Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Guinea-Bissau Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists of nine justices appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases)
Guyana Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High Court
Haiti Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Holy See (Vatican City) there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius XII on 1 May 1946
Honduras Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)
Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Hungary Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms)
Iceland Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)
India Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65)
Indonesia Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature); a separate Constitutional Court or Makhama Konstitusi was invested by the president on 16 August 2003; in March 2004 the Supreme Court assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights
Iran Supreme Court - above a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court
Iraq Supreme Court appointed by the Prime Minister, confirmed by the Presidency Council
Ireland Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and cabinet)
Israel Supreme Court (justices appointed for life by the president)
Italy Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15 judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative Supreme Courts)
Jamaica Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal
Japan Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the cabinet)
Jersey Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff)
Jordan Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)
Kazakhstan Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7 members)
Kenya Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court
Kiribati Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president
Korea, North Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme People's Assembly)
Korea, South Supreme Court (justices appointed by president with consent of National Assembly); Constitutional Court (justices appointed by president based partly on nominations by National Assembly and Chief Justice of the court)
Kuwait High Court of Appeal
Kyrgyzstan Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president); Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration
Laos People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National Assembly Standing Committee)
Latvia Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by Parliament)
Lebanon four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and prime minister as needed)
Lesotho High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch acting on the advice of the Prime Minister); Court of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court
Liberia Supreme Court
Libya Supreme Court
Liechtenstein Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht
Lithuania Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the President
Luxembourg judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch
Macau Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region
Macedonia Supreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges
Madagascar Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle
Malawi Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts
Malaysia Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on the advice of the prime minister)
Maldives High Court
Mali Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Malta Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
Man, Isle of High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant governor)
Marshall Islands Supreme Court; High Court
Martinique Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Mauritania Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower courts
Mauritius Supreme Court
Mayotte Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Mexico Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia Nacional (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)
Micronesia, Federated States of Supreme Court
Moldova Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)
Monaco Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Mongolia Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved by the president)
Montserrat Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)
Morocco Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)
Mozambique Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts note: although the constitution provides for a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Namibia Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)
Nauru Supreme Court
Nepal Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council)
Netherlands Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for life by the monarch)
Netherlands Antilles Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)
New Caledonia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
New Zealand Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note - Judges appointed by the Governor-General
Nicaragua Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for five-year terms by the National Assembly)
Niger State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Nigeria Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)
Niue Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Norfolk Island Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court
Norway Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch)
Oman Supreme Court note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has judges who practice secular and Sharia (Islamic) law
Pakistan Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president); Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court
Palau Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas
Panama Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three courts of appeal
Papua New Guinea Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)
Paraguay Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges appointed on the proposal of the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura)
Peru Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Philippines Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan (special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)
Pitcairn Islands Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Judicial Officers are appointed by the Governor
Poland Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)
Portugal Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
Puerto Rico Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)
Qatar Court of Appeal note: under the new judiciary law issued in 2003, the former two court systems, civil and Islamic law, were merged under a higher court, the Court of Cassation, established for appeals
Reunion Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Romania Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates, a board of eleven judges and six prosecutors elected by parliament)
Russia Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Rwanda Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial Courts; District Courts; mediation committees
Saint Helena Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court
Saint Kitts and Nevis Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Saint Lucia Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Samoa Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and Titles Court
San Marino Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Sao Tome and Principe Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)
Saudi Arabia Supreme Council of Justice
Senegal Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note - the judicial system was reformed in 1992
Serbia and Montenegro The Court of Serbia and Montenegro; judges are elected by the Serbia and Montenegro Parliament for six-year terms note: since the promulgation of the 2003 Constitution, the Federal Court has constitutional and administrative functions; it has an equal number of judges from each republic
Seychelles Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president
Sierra Leone Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court
Singapore Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals
Slovakia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council)
Slovenia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)
Solomon Islands Court of Appeal
Somalia following the breakdown of the central government, most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional clan-based arbitration, or Islamic (Shari'a) law with a provision for appeal of all sentences
South Africa Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts
Spain Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo
Sri Lanka Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts are appointed by the president
Sudan Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts
Suriname Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate court (justices are nominated for life)
Swaziland High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch
Sweden Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)
Switzerland Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly)
Syria Supreme Constitutional Court (justices are appointed for four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of Cassation; State Security Courts
Taiwan Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative Yuan)
Tajikistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Tanzania Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
Thailand Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)
Togo Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Tokelau Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau
Tonga Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Trinidad and Tobago Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London
Tunisia Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Turkey Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court
Turkmenistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Turks and Caicos Islands Supreme Court
Tuvalu High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)
Uganda Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Ukraine Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
United Arab Emirates Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
United Kingdom House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life); Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary
United States Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for life on condition of good behavior by the president with confirmation by the Senate); United States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and County Courts
Uruguay Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Uzbekistan Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)
Vanuatu Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)
Venezuela Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia (magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single 12-year term)
Vietnam Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president)
Virgin Islands US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third Circuit jurisdiction); Territorial Court (judges appointed by the governor for 10-year terms)
Wallis and Futuna none; justice generally administered under French law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu
Yemen Supreme Court
Zambia Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Zimbabwe Supreme Court; High Court
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2095 Labor force
Afghanistan 11.8 million (2001 est.)
Albania 1.09 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers) (2004 est.)
Algeria 9.91 million (2004 est.)
American Samoa 14,000 (1996)
Andorra 33,000 (2001 est.)
Angola 5.41 million (2004 est.)
Anguilla 6,049 (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda 30,000
Argentina 15.04 million (2004 est.)
Armenia 1.4 million (2001)
Aruba 41,500 (1997 est.)
Australia 10.35 million (2004 est.)
Austria 3.45 million (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan 5.09 million (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The 156,000 (1999)
Bahrain 370,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2004 est.)
Bangladesh 65.49 million note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion in 1998-99 (2004 est.)
Barbados 128,500 (2001 est.)
Belarus 4.305 million (31 December 2003)
Belgium 4.75 million (2004 est.)
Belize 90,000 note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2001 est.)
Benin NA (1996)
Bermuda 37,470 (2000)
Bhutan NA note: massive lack of skilled labor
Bolivia 3.8 million (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.026 million (2001)
Botswana 264,000 formal sector employees (2000)
Brazil 89 million (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands 12,770 (2004)
Brunei 158,000 note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (2002 est.)
Bulgaria 3.398 million (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso 5 million note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003)
Burma 27.01 million (2004 est.)
Burundi 2.99 million (2002)
Cambodia 7 million (2003 est.)
Cameroon 6.68 million (2004 est.)
Canada 17.37 million (2004)
Cape Verde NA
Cayman Islands 19,820 (1995)
Central African Republic NA
Chad NA
Chile 6.2 million (2004 est.)
China 760.8 million (2003)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 20.7 million (2004 est.)
Comoros 144,500 (1996 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14.51 million (1993 est.)
Congo, Republic of the NA
Cook Islands 8,000 (1996)
Costa Rica 1.81 million (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 6.7 million (68% agricultural) (2004 est.)
Croatia 1.71 million (2004 est.)
Cuba 4.55 million note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 330,000, north Cyprus: 95,025 (2004 est.)
Czech Republic 5.25 million (2004 est.)
Denmark 2.87 million (2004 est.)
Djibouti 282,000 (2000)
Dominica 25,000 (1999 est.)
Dominican Republic 2.3 million - 2.6 million (2000 est.)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 4.53 million (urban) (2004 est.)
Egypt 20.71 million (2004 est.)
El Salvador 2.75 million (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea NA
Eritrea NA
Estonia 660,000 (2004 est.)
Ethiopia NA (2001 est.)
European Union 215 million (various)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,100 (est.)
Faroe Islands 24,250 (October 2000)
Fiji 137,000 (1999)
Finland 2.66 million (2004 est.)
France 27.7 million (2004 est.)
French Guiana 58,800 (1997)
French Polynesia 70,000 (1996)
Gabon 650,000 (2004 est.)
Gambia, The 400,000 (1996)
Gaza Strip 725,000 (2004)
Georgia 2.1 million (2001 est.)
Germany 42.63 million (2004 est.)
Ghana 10.24 million (2004 est.)
Gibraltar 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (1999)
Greece 4.4 million (2004 est.)
Greenland 24,500 (1999 est.)
Grenada 42,300 (1996)
Guadeloupe 125,900 (1997)
Guam 60,000 (2000 est.)
Guatemala 3.68 million (2004 est.)
Guernsey 32,290 (2001)
Guinea 3 million (1999)
Guinea-Bissau 480,000 (1999)
Guyana 418,000 (2001 est.)
Haiti 3.6 million note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras 2.47 million (2004 est.)
Hong Kong 3.54 million (October 2004 est.)
Hungary 4.17 million (2004 est.)
Iceland 158,100 (2004 est.)
India 482.2 million (2004 est.)
Indonesia 111.5 million (2004 est.)
Iran 23 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2004 est.)
Iraq 6.7 million (2004 est.)
Ireland 1.92 million (2004 est.)
Israel 2.68 million (2004 est.)
Italy 24.27 million (2004 est.)
Jamaica 1.14 million (2004 est.)
Japan 66.97 million (2004 est.)
Jersey 52,790 (2004)
Jordan 1.41 million (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 7.95 million (2004 est.)
Kenya 11.4 million (2004 est.)
Kiribati 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.)
Korea, North 9.6 million
Korea, South 22.9 million (2004 est.)
Kuwait 1.42 million note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 2.7 million (2000)
Laos 2.6 million (2001 est.)
Latvia 1.17 million (2004 est.)
Lebanon 2.6 million note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (2001 est.)
Lesotho 838,000 (2000)
Libya 1.59 million (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein 29,000 of whom 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)
Lithuania 1.63 million (2004 est.)
Luxembourg 293,700 (of whom 105,000 are foreign cross-border workers commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2004 est.)
Macau 231,500 (3rd Quarter, 2004)
Macedonia 855,000 (2004 est.)
Madagascar 7.3 million (2000)
Malawi 4.5 million (2001 est.)
Malaysia 10.49 million (2004 est.)
Maldives 88,000 (2000)
Mali 3.93 million (2001 est.)
Malta 160,000 (2002 est.)
Man, Isle of 39,690 (2001)
Marshall Islands 28,700 (1996 est.)
Martinique 165,900 (1998)
Mauritania 786,000 (2001)
Mauritius 560,000 (2004 est.)
Mayotte 48,800 (2000)
Mexico 34.73 million (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of NA
Moldova 1.36 million (2004 est.)
Monaco 30,540 (January 1994)
Mongolia 1.488 million (2003)
Montserrat 4,521 (lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity) (2000 est.)
Morocco 11.02 million (2004 est.)
Mozambique 9.2 million (2000 est.)
Namibia 840,000 (2004 est.)
Nepal 10 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (1996 est.)
Netherlands 7.53 million (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 89,000 (2000)
New Caledonia 79,400 (including 15,018 unemployed) (1996)
New Zealand 2.05 million (2004 est.)
Nicaragua 1.93 million (2004 est.)
Niger 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries (2002 est.)
Nigeria 55.67 million (2004 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island 1,345
Northern Mariana Islands 6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (June 1995)
Norway 2.38 million (2004 est.)
Oman 920,000 (2002 est.)
Pakistan 45.43 million note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2004 est.)
Palau 9,845 (2000)
Panama 1.32 million note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea 3.32 million (2004 est.)
Paraguay 2.66 million (2004 est.)
Peru 11 million (2004 est.)
Philippines 35.86 million (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands 15 able-bodied men (2004)
Poland 17.02 million (2004 est.)
Portugal 5.48 million (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico 1.3 million (2000)
Qatar 140,000 (2004 est.)
Reunion 309,900 (2000)
Romania 9.66 million (2004 est.)
Russia 71.83 million (2004 est.)
Rwanda 4.6 million (2000)
Saint Helena 3,500 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 18,170 (June 1995)
Saint Lucia 43,800 (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3,261 (1999)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 67,000 (1984 est.)
Samoa 90,000 (2000 est.)
San Marino 18,500 (1999)
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia 6.62 million note: more than 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2004 est.)
Senegal 4.65 million (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 3.2 million (2004 est.)
Seychelles 30,900 (1996)
Sierra Leone 1.369 million (1981 est.)
Singapore 2.18 million (2004 est.)
Slovakia 2.2 million (3rd quarter, 2004 est.)
Slovenia 870,000 (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands 26,840 (1999)
Somalia 3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers)
South Africa 16.63 million economically active (2004 est.)
Spain 19.33 million (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka 7.26 million (2004 est.)
Sudan 11 million (1996 est.)
Suriname 104,000 (2003)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland 383,200 (2000)
Sweden 4.46 million (2004 est.)
Switzerland 3.77 million (2004 est.)
Syria 5.12 million (2004 est.)
Taiwan 10.22 million (2004 est.)
Tajikistan 3.187 million (2000)
Tanzania 19 million (2004 est.)
Thailand 36.43 million (November 2004 est.)
Togo 1.74 million (1996)
Tokelau NA
Tonga 33,910 (1996)
Trinidad and Tobago 590,000 (2004 est.)
Tunisia 3.55 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2004 est.)
Turkey 25.3 million note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2003 est.)
Turkmenistan 2.32 million (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 4,848 (1990 est.)
Tuvalu 7,000 (2001 est.)
Uganda 12.41 million (2004 est.)
Ukraine 21.11 million (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2.36 million note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 29.78 million (2004 est.)
United States 147.4 million (includes unemployed) (2004 est.)
Uruguay 1.56 million (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan 14.64 million (2004 est.)
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela 12.25 million (2004 est.)
Vietnam 42.98 million (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands 48,900 (2003 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA
West Bank 364,000 (2004)
Western Sahara 12,000
World NA
Yemen 5.98 million (2004 est.)
Zambia 4.63 million (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe 4.23 million (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2096 Land boundaries (km)
Afghanistan total: 5,529 km border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km
Akrotiri total: 47.4 km border countries: Cyprus 47.4 km
Albania total: 720 km border countries: Greece 282 km, Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km
Algeria total: 6,343 km border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km
American Samoa 0 km
Andorra total: 120.3 km border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Angola total: 5,198 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
Anguilla 0 km
Antarctica 0 km note: see entry on Disputes - international
Antigua and Barbuda 0 km
Argentina total: 9,665 km border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km
Armenia total: 1,254 km border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km
Aruba 0 km
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 0 km
Australia 0 km
Austria total: 2,562 km border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km
Azerbaijan total: 2,013 km border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km
Bahamas, The 0 km
Bahrain 0 km
Baker Island 0 km
Bangladesh total: 4,246 km border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km
Barbados 0 km
Bassas da India 0 km
Belarus total: 2,900 km border countries: Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 407 km, Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km
Belgium total: 1,385 km border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km
Belize total: 516 km border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km
Benin total: 1,989 km border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km
Bermuda 0 km
Bhutan total: 1,075 km border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km
Bolivia total: 6,743 km border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 1,459 km border countries: Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km
Botswana total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km
Bouvet Island 0 km
Brazil total: 14,691 km border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km
British Indian Ocean Territory 0 km
British Virgin Islands 0 km
Brunei total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Bulgaria total: 1,808 km border countries: Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km, Turkey 240 km
Burkina Faso total: 3,193 km border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km
Burma total: 5,876 km border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km
Burundi total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Cambodia total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Cameroon total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km
Canada total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)
Cape Verde 0 km
Cayman Islands 0 km
Central African Republic total: 5,203 km border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km
Chad total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Chile total: 6,171 km border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km
China total: 22,117 km border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km regional borders: Hong Kong 30 km, Macau 0.34 km
Christmas Island 0 km
Clipperton Island 0 km
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0 km
Colombia total: 6,004 km border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km
Comoros 0 km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 10,730 km border countries: Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km
Congo, Republic of the total: 5,504 km border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon 1,903 km
Cook Islands 0 km
Coral Sea Islands 0 km
Costa Rica total: 639 km border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km
Cote d'Ivoire total: 3,110 km border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km
Croatia total: 2,197 km border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and Montenegro (north) 241 km, Serbia and Montenegro (south) 25 km, Slovenia 670 km
Cuba total: 29 km border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba
Cyprus total: NA; note - boundary with Dhekelia is being resurveyed border countries: Akrotiri 47.4 km, Dhekelia NA
Czech Republic total: 1,881 km border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 215 km
Denmark total: 68 km border countries: Germany 68 km
Dhekelia total: NA; note - boundary with Cyprus is being resurveyed
Djibouti total: 516 km border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
Dominica 0 km
Dominican Republic total: 360 km border countries: Haiti 360 km
East Timor total: 228 km border countries: Indonesia 228 km
Ecuador total: 2,010 km border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km
Egypt total: 2,665 km border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km
El Salvador total: 545 km border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
Equatorial Guinea total: 539 km border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km
Eritrea total: 1,626 km border countries: Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km
Estonia total: 633 km border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km
Ethiopia total: 5,328 km border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 1,606 km
Europa Island 0 km
European Union total: 11,214.8 km border countries: Albania 282 km, Andorra 120.3 km, Belarus 1,050 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Croatia 999 km, Holy See 3.2 km, Liechtenstein 34.9 km, Macedonia 246 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Norway 2,348 km, Romania 443 km, Russia 2,257 km, San Marino 39 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Switzerland 1,811 km, Turkey 206 km, Ukraine 726 km note: data for European Continent only
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 km
Faroe Islands 0 km
Fiji 0 km
Finland total: 2,681 km border countries: Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,340 km
France total: 2,889 km border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km
French Guiana total: 1,183 km border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km
French Polynesia 0 km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands 0 km
Gabon total: 2,551 km border countries: Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km
Gambia, The total: 740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km
Gaza Strip total: 62 km border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km
Georgia total: 1,461 km border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km
Germany total: 3,621 km border countries: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km
Ghana total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
Gibraltar total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Glorioso Islands 0 km
Greece total: 1,228 km border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, Macedonia 246 km
Greenland 0 km
Grenada 0 km
Guadeloupe total: 10.2 km border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 10.2 km
Guam 0 km
Guatemala total: 1,687 km border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km
Guernsey 0 km
Guinea total: 3,399 km border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km
Guinea-Bissau total: 724 km border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km
Guyana total: 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km
Haiti total: 360 km border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 0 km
Holy See (Vatican City) total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km
Honduras total: 1,520 km border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km
Hong Kong total: 30 km regional border: China 30 km
Howland Island 0 km
Hungary total: 2,171 km border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
Iceland 0 km
India total: 14,103 km border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km
Indonesia total: 2,830 km border countries: East Timor 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
Iran total: 5,440 km border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km
Iraq total: 3,650 km border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km
Ireland total: 360 km border countries: UK 360 km
Israel total: 1,017 km border countries: Egypt 266 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km
Italy total: 1,932.2 km border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km
Jamaica 0 km
Jan Mayen 0 km
Japan 0 km
Jarvis Island 0 km
Jersey 0 km
Johnston Atoll 0 km
Jordan total: 1,635 km border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 744 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km
Juan de Nova Island 0 km
Kazakhstan total: 12,012 km border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km
Kenya total: 3,477 km border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
Kingman Reef 0 km
Kiribati 0 km
Korea, North total: 1,673 km border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km
Korea, South total: 238 km border countries: North Korea 238 km
Kuwait total: 462 km border countries: Iraq 240 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km
Kyrgyzstan total: 3,878 km border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
Laos total: 5,083 km border countries: Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km, Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km
Latvia total: 1,150 km border countries: Belarus 141 km, Estonia 339 km, Lithuania 453 km, Russia 217 km
Lebanon total: 454 km border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km
Lesotho total: 909 km border countries: South Africa 909 km
Liberia total: 1,585 km border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km
Libya total: 4,348 km border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Liechtenstein total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
Lithuania total: 1,273 km border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km
Luxembourg total: 359 km border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km
Macau total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km
Macedonia total: 766 km border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km
Madagascar 0 km
Malawi total: 2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
Malaysia total: 2,669 km border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km
Maldives 0 km
Mali total: 7,243 km border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Malta 0 km
Man, Isle of 0 km
Marshall Islands 0 km
Martinique 0 km
Mauritania total: 5,074 km border countries: Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km
Mauritius 0 km
Mayotte 0 km
Mexico total: 4,353 km border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km
Micronesia, Federated States of 0 km
Midway Islands 0 km
Moldova total: 1,389 km border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
Monaco total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km
Mongolia total: 8,220 km border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km
Montserrat 0 km
Morocco total: 2,017.9 km border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km
Mozambique total: 4,571 km border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Namibia total: 3,936 km border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km
Nauru 0 km
Navassa Island 0 km
Nepal total: 2,926 km border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
Netherlands total: 1,027 km border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km
Netherlands Antilles total: 10.2 km border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint-Martin) 10.2 km
New Caledonia 0 km
New Zealand 0 km
Nicaragua total: 1,231 km border countries: Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km
Niger total: 5,697 km border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Nigeria total: 4,047 km border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
Niue 0 km
Norfolk Island 0 km
Northern Mariana Islands 0 km
Norway total: 2,542 km border countries: Finland 727 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km
Oman total: 1,374 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
Pakistan total: 6,774 km border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km
Palau 0 km
Palmyra Atoll 0 km
Panama total: 555 km border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km
Papua New Guinea total: 820 km border countries: Indonesia 820 km
Paracel Islands 0 km
Paraguay total: 3,920 km border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290 km
Peru total: 5,536 km border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
Philippines 0 km
Pitcairn Islands 0 km
Poland total: 2,788 km border countries: Belarus 407 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456 km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Slovakia 444 km, Ukraine 526 km
Portugal total: 1,214 km border countries: Spain 1,214 km
Puerto Rico 0 km
Qatar total: 60 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Reunion 0 km
Romania total: 2,508 km border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
Russia total: 20,017 km border countries: Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 294 km, Finland 1,340 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km, Latvia 217 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,485 km, Norway 196 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Ukraine 1,576 km
Rwanda total: 893 km border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km
Saint Helena 0 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 km
Saint Lucia 0 km
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 km
Samoa 0 km
San Marino total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Sao Tome and Principe 0 km
Saudi Arabia total: 4,431 km border countries: Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km
Senegal total: 2,640 km border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Serbia and Montenegro total: 2,246 km border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
Seychelles 0 km
Sierra Leone total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km
Singapore 0 km
Slovakia total: 1,524 km border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 677 km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 97 km
Slovenia total: 1,334 km border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 670 km, Italy 232 km, Hungary 102 km
Solomon Islands 0 km
Somalia total: 2,340 km border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km
South Africa total: 4,862 km border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0 km
Spain total: 1,917.8 km border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km
Spratly Islands 0 km
Sri Lanka 0 km
Sudan total: 7,687 km border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
Suriname total: 1,707 km border countries: Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km
Svalbard 0 km
Swaziland total: 535 km border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
Sweden total: 2,233 km border countries: Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km
Switzerland total: 1,852 km border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km
Syria total: 2,253 km border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km
Taiwan 0 km
Tajikistan total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Tanzania total: 3,861 km border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Thailand total: 4,863 km border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km
Togo total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Tokelau 0 km
Tonga 0 km
Trinidad and Tobago 0 km
Tromelin Island 0 km
Tunisia total: 1,424 km border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
Turkey total: 2,648 km border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km
Turkmenistan total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km
Turks and Caicos Islands 0 km
Tuvalu 0 km
Uganda total: 2,698 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Ukraine total: 4,663 km border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 526 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 97 km
United Arab Emirates total: 867 km border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
United Kingdom total: 360 km border countries: Ireland 360 km
United States total: 12,034 km border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,141 km note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 29 km
Uruguay total: 1,564 km border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Uzbekistan total: 6,221 km border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Vanuatu 0 km
Venezuela total: 4,993 km border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km
Vietnam total: 4,639 km border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km
Virgin Islands 0 km
Wake Island 0 km
Wallis and Futuna 0 km
West Bank total: 404 km border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km
Western Sahara total: 2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
World the land boundaries in the world total 250,472 km (not counting shared boundaries twice); two nations, China and Russia, each border 14 other countries note: 43 nations and other areas are landlocked, these include: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Slovakia, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe; two of these, Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan, are doubly landlocked
Yemen total: 1,746 km border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km
Zambia total: 5,664 km border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Zimbabwe total: 3,066 km border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2097 Land use (%)
Afghanistan arable land: 12.13% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 87.65% (2001)
Albania arable land: 21.09% permanent crops: 4.42% other: 74.49% (2001)
Algeria arable land: 3.22% permanent crops: 0.25% other: 96.53% (2001)
American Samoa arable land: 10% permanent crops: 15% other: 75% (2001)
Andorra arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.78% (2001)
Angola arable land: 2.41% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 97.35% (2001)
Anguilla arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (2001)
Antarctica arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%) (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda arable land: 18.18% permanent crops: 4.55% other: 77.27% (2001)
Argentina arable land: 12.31% permanent crops: 0.48% other: 87.21% (2001)
Armenia arable land: 17.55% permanent crops: 2.3% other: 80.15% (2001)
Aruba arable land: 10.53% (including aloe 0.01%) permanent crops: 0% other: 89.47% (2001)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2001)
Australia arable land: 6.55% (includes about 27 million hectares of cultivated grassland) permanent crops: 0.04% other: 93.41% (2001)
Austria arable land: 16.91% permanent crops: 0.86% other: 82.23% (2001)
Azerbaijan arable land: 19.63% permanent crops: 2.71% other: 77.66% (2001)
Bahamas, The arable land: 0.8% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 98.8% (2001)
Bahrain arable land: 2.82% permanent crops: 5.63% other: 91.55% (2001)
Baker Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Bangladesh arable land: 62.11% permanent crops: 3.07% other: 34.82% (2001)
Barbados arable land: 37.21% permanent crops: 2.33% other: 60.46% (2001)
Bassas da India arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all rock) (2001)
Belarus arable land: 29.55% permanent crops: 0.6% other: 69.85% (2001)
Belgium arable land: 23.28% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 76.32% note: includes Luxembourg (2001)
Belize arable land: 2.85% permanent crops: 1.71% other: 95.44% (2001)
Benin arable land: 18.08% permanent crops: 2.4% other: 79.52% (2001)
Bermuda arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (2001)
Bhutan arable land: 3.09% permanent crops: 0.43% other: 96.48% (2001)
Bolivia arable land: 2.67% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 97.14% (2001)
Bosnia and Herzegovina arable land: 13.6% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 83.44% (2001)
Botswana arable land: 0.65% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.34% (2001)
Bouvet Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (93% ice) (2001)
Brazil arable land: 6.96% permanent crops: 0.9% other: 92.15% (2001)
British Indian Ocean Territory arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
British Virgin Islands arable land: 20% permanent crops: 6.67% other: 73.33% (2001)
Brunei arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (2001)
Bulgaria arable land: 40.02% permanent crops: 1.92% other: 58.06% (2001)
Burkina Faso arable land: 14.43% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 85.38% (2001)
Burma arable land: 15.19% permanent crops: 0.97% other: 83.84% (2001)
Burundi arable land: 35.05% permanent crops: 14.02% other: 50.93% (2001)
Cambodia arable land: 20.96% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 78.43% (2001)
Cameroon arable land: 12.81% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 84.61% (2001)
Canada arable land: 4.96% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 95.02% (2001)
Cape Verde arable land: 9.68% permanent crops: 0.5% other: 89.82% (2001)
Cayman Islands arable land: 3.85% permanent crops: 0% other: 96.15% (2001)
Central African Republic arable land: 3.1% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 96.76% (2001)
Chad arable land: 2.86% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.12% (2001)
Chile arable land: 2.65% permanent crops: 0.42% other: 96.93% (2001)
China arable land: 15.4% permanent crops: 1.25% other: 83.35% (2001)
Christmas Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (2001)
Clipperton Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all coral) (2001)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Colombia arable land: 2.42% permanent crops: 1.67% other: 95.91% (2001)
Comoros arable land: 35.87% permanent crops: 23.32% other: 40.81% (2001)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the arable land: 2.96% permanent crops: 0.52% other: 96.52% (2001)
Congo, Republic of the arable land: 0.51% permanent crops: 0.13% other: 99.36% (2001)
Cook Islands arable land: 17.39% permanent crops: 13.04% other: 69.57% (2001)
Coral Sea Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2001)
Costa Rica arable land: 4.41% permanent crops: 5.88% other: 89.71% (2001)
Cote d'Ivoire arable land: 9.75% permanent crops: 13.84% other: 76.41% (2001)
Croatia arable land: 26.09% permanent crops: 2.27% other: 71.65% (2001)
Cuba arable land: 33.05% permanent crops: 7.6% other: 59.35% (2001)
Cyprus arable land: 7.79% permanent crops: 4.44% other: 87.77% (2001)
Czech Republic arable land: 39.8% permanent crops: 3.05% other: 57.15% (2001)
Denmark arable land: 54.02% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 45.79% (2001)
Djibouti arable land: 0.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.96% (2001)
Dominica arable land: 6.67% permanent crops: 20% other: 73.33% (2001)
Dominican Republic arable land: 22.65% permanent crops: 10.33% other: 67.02% (2001)
East Timor arable land: 4.71% permanent crops: 0.67% other: 94.62% (2001)
Ecuador arable land: 5.85% permanent crops: 4.93% other: 89.22% (2001)
Egypt arable land: 2.87% permanent crops: 0.48% other: 96.65% (2001)
El Salvador arable land: 31.85% permanent crops: 12.07% other: 56.08% (2001)
Equatorial Guinea arable land: 4.63% permanent crops: 3.57% other: 91.8% (2001)
Eritrea arable land: 4.95% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 95.02% (2001)
Estonia arable land: 16.04% permanent crops: 0.45% other: 83.51% (2001)
Ethiopia arable land: 10.71% permanent crops: 0.75% other: 88.54% (2001)
Europa Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mangrove forests and woodlands) (2001)
European Union arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001)
Faroe Islands arable land: 2.14% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.86% (2001)
Fiji arable land: 10.95% permanent crops: 4.65% other: 84.4% (2001)
Finland arable land: 7.19% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 92.78% (2001)
France arable land: 33.53% permanent crops: 2.07% other: 64.4% (2001)
French Guiana arable land: 0.14% permanent crops: 0.05% other: 99.81% (90% forest, 10% other) (2001)
French Polynesia arable land: 0.82% permanent crops: 5.46% other: 93.72% (2001)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Gabon arable land: 1.26% permanent crops: 0.66% other: 98.08% (2001)
Gambia, The arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0.5% other: 74.5% (2001)
Gaza Strip arable land: 28.95% permanent crops: 21.05% other: 50% (2001)
Georgia arable land: 11.44% permanent crops: 3.86% other: 84.7% (2001)
Germany arable land: 33.85% permanent crops: 0.59% other: 65.56% (2001)
Ghana arable land: 16.26% permanent crops: 9.67% other: 74.07% (2001)
Gibraltar arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Glorioso Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (2001)
Greece arable land: 21.1% permanent crops: 8.78% other: 70.12% (2001)
Greenland arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Grenada arable land: 5.88% permanent crops: 29.41% other: 64.71% (2001)
Guadeloupe arable land: 11.24% permanent crops: 3.55% other: 85.21% (2001)
Guam arable land: 9.09% permanent crops: 16.36% other: 74.55% (2001)
Guatemala arable land: 12.54% permanent crops: 5.03% other: 82.43% (2001)
Guernsey arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%
Guinea arable land: 3.63% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 93.79% (2001)
Guinea-Bissau arable land: 10.67% permanent crops: 8.82% other: 80.51% (2001)
Guyana arable land: 2.44% permanent crops: 0.15% other: 97.41% (2001)
Haiti arable land: 28.3% permanent crops: 11.61% other: 60.09% (2001)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Holy See (Vatican City) arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)
Honduras arable land: 9.55% permanent crops: 3.22% other: 87.23% (2001)
Hong Kong arable land: 5.05% permanent crops: 1.01% other: 93.94% (2001)
Howland Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Hungary arable land: 50.09% permanent crops: 2.06% other: 47.85% (2001)
Iceland arable land: 0.07% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.93% (2001)
India arable land: 54.4% permanent crops: 2.74% other: 42.86% (2001)
Indonesia arable land: 11.32% permanent crops: 7.23% other: 81.45% (2001)
Iran arable land: 8.72% permanent crops: 1.39% other: 89.89% (2001)
Iraq arable land: 13.15% permanent crops: 0.78% other: 86.07% (2001)
Ireland arable land: 15.2% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 84.77% (2001)
Israel arable land: 16.39% permanent crops: 4.17% other: 79.44% (2001)
Italy arable land: 27.79% permanent crops: 9.53% other: 62.68% (2001)
Jamaica arable land: 16.07% permanent crops: 10.16% other: 73.77% (2001)
Jan Mayen arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Japan arable land: 12.19% permanent crops: 0.96% other: 86.85% (2001)
Jarvis Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Jersey arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Johnston Atoll arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Jordan arable land: 2.67% permanent crops: 1.83% other: 95.5% (2001)
Juan de Nova Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (90% forest) (2001)
Kazakhstan arable land: 7.98% permanent crops: 0.05% other: 91.97% (2001)
Kenya arable land: 8.08% permanent crops: 0.98% other: 90.94% (2001)
Kingman Reef arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Kiribati arable land: 2.74% permanent crops: 50.68% other: 46.58% (2001)
Korea, North arable land: 20.76% permanent crops: 2.49% other: 76.75% (2001)
Korea, South arable land: 17.18% permanent crops: 1.95% other: 80.87% (2001)
Kuwait arable land: 0.73% permanent crops: 0.11% other: 99.16% (2001)
Kyrgyzstan arable land: 7.3% permanent crops: 0.35% other: 92.35% note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest (2001)
Laos arable land: 3.8% permanent crops: 0.35% other: 95.85% (2001)
Latvia arable land: 29.67% permanent crops: 0.47% other: 69.86% (2001)
Lebanon arable land: 16.62% permanent crops: 13.98% other: 69.4% (2001)
Lesotho arable land: 10.87% permanent crops: 0.13% other: 89% (2001)
Liberia arable land: 3.95% permanent crops: 2.28% other: 93.77% (2001)
Libya arable land: 1.03% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 98.78% (2001)
Liechtenstein arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (2001)
Lithuania arable land: 45.22% permanent crops: 0.91% other: 53.87% (2001)
Luxembourg arable land: 23.28% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 76.32% (includes Belgium) (2001)
Macau arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001)
Macedonia arable land: 22.26% permanent crops: 1.81% other: 75.93% (2001)
Madagascar arable land: 5.07% permanent crops: 1.03% other: 93.91% (2001)
Malawi arable land: 23.38% permanent crops: 1.49% other: 75.13% (2001)
Malaysia arable land: 5.48% permanent crops: 17.61% other: 76.91% (2001)
Maldives arable land: 13.33% permanent crops: 16.67% other: 70% (2001)
Mali arable land: 3.82% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 96.15% (2001)
Malta arable land: 28.13% permanent crops: 3.13% other: 68.74% (2001)
Man, Isle of arable land: 9% permanent crops: 0% other: 91% (permanent pastures, forests, mountain, and heathland) (2002)
Marshall Islands arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 38.89% other: 44.44% (2001)
Martinique arable land: 10.38% permanent crops: 9.43% other: 80.19% (2001)
Mauritania arable land: 0.48% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.51% (2001)
Mauritius arable land: 49.26% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 47.78% (2001)
Mayotte arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%
Mexico arable land: 12.99% permanent crops: 1.31% other: 85.7% (2001)
Micronesia, Federated States of arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 45.71% other: 48.58% (2001)
Midway Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Moldova arable land: 55.3% permanent crops: 10.79% other: 33.91% (2001)
Monaco arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)
Mongolia arable land: 0.77% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.23% (2001)
Montserrat arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (2001)
Morocco arable land: 19.61% permanent crops: 2.17% other: 78.22% (2001)
Mozambique arable land: 5.1% permanent crops: 0.3% other: 94.6% (2001)
Namibia arable land: 0.99% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.01% (2001)
Nauru arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Navassa Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Nepal arable land: 21.68% permanent crops: 0.64% other: 77.68% (2001)
Netherlands arable land: 26.71% permanent crops: 0.97% other: 72.32% (2001)
Netherlands Antilles arable land: 10% permanent crops: 0% other: 90% (2001)
New Caledonia arable land: 0.38% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 99.29% (2001)
New Zealand arable land: 5.6% permanent crops: 6.99% other: 87.41% (2001)
Nicaragua arable land: 15.94% permanent crops: 1.94% other: 82.12% (2001)
Niger arable land: 3.54% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 96.45% (2001)
Nigeria arable land: 31.29% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 65.75% (2001)
Niue arable land: 15.38% permanent crops: 11.54% other: 73.08% (2001)
Norfolk Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Northern Mariana Islands arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 82.61% (2001)
Norway arable land: 2.87% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.13% (2001)
Oman arable land: 0.12% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 99.74% (2001)
Pakistan arable land: 27.87% permanent crops: 0.87% other: 71.26% (2001)
Palau arable land: 8.7% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 86.95% (2001)
Palmyra Atoll arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (forests and woodlands) (2005)
Panama arable land: 7.36% permanent crops: 1.98% other: 90.66% (2001)
Papua New Guinea arable land: 0.46% permanent crops: 1.44% other: 98.1% (2001)
Paracel Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Paraguay arable land: 7.6% permanent crops: 0.23% other: 92.17% (2001)
Peru arable land: 2.89% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 96.71% (2001)
Philippines arable land: 18.95% permanent crops: 16.77% other: 64.28% (2001)
Pitcairn Islands arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%
Poland arable land: 45.91% permanent crops: 1.12% other: 52.97% (2001)
Portugal arable land: 21.75% permanent crops: 7.81% other: 70.44% (2001)
Puerto Rico arable land: 3.95% permanent crops: 5.52% other: 90.53% (2001)
Qatar arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 0.27% other: 98.09% (2001)
Reunion arable land: 13.6% permanent crops: 1.2% other: 85.2% (2001)
Romania arable land: 40.82% permanent crops: 2.25% other: 56.93% (2001)
Russia arable land: 7.33% permanent crops: 0.11% other: 92.56% (2001)
Rwanda arable land: 40.54% permanent crops: 12.16% other: 47.3% (2001)
Saint Helena arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (2001)
Saint Kitts and Nevis arable land: 19.44% permanent crops: 2.78% other: 77.78% (2001)
Saint Lucia arable land: 6.56% permanent crops: 22.95% other: 70.49% (2001)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (2001)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines arable land: 17.95% permanent crops: 17.95% other: 64.1% (2001)
Samoa arable land: 21.2% permanent crops: 24.38% other: 54.42% (2001)
San Marino arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe arable land: 6.25% permanent crops: 48.96% other: 44.79% (2001)
Saudi Arabia arable land: 1.67% permanent crops: 0.09% other: 98.24% (2001)
Senegal arable land: 12.78% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 87.01% (2001)
Serbia and Montenegro arable land: 33.35% permanent crops: 3.2% other: 63.45% (2001)
Seychelles arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 13.33% other: 84.45% (2001)
Sierra Leone arable land: 6.98% permanent crops: 0.89% other: 92.13% (2001)
Singapore arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 0% other: 98.36% (2001)
Slovakia arable land: 30.16% permanent crops: 2.62% other: 67.22% (2001)
Slovenia arable land: 8.6% permanent crops: 1.49% other: 89.91% (2001)
Solomon Islands arable land: 0.64% permanent crops: 2% other: 97.36% (2001)
Somalia arable land: 1.67% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 98.29% (2001)
South Africa arable land: 12.08% permanent crops: 0.79% other: 87.13% (2001)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2001)
Spain arable land: 26.07% permanent crops: 9.87% other: 64.06% (2001)
Spratly Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Sri Lanka arable land: 13.86% permanent crops: 15.7% other: 70.44% (2001)
Sudan arable land: 6.83% permanent crops: 0.18% other: 92.99% (2001)
Suriname arable land: 0.37% permanent crops: 0.06% other: 99.57% (2001)
Svalbard arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2001)
Swaziland arable land: 10.35% permanent crops: 0.7% other: 88.95% (2001)
Sweden arable land: 6.54% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 93.45% (2001)
Switzerland arable land: 10.42% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 88.97% (2001)
Syria arable land: 25.22% permanent crops: 4.43% other: 70.35% (2001)
Taiwan arable land: 24% permanent crops: 1% other: 75% (2001)
Tajikistan arable land: 6.61% permanent crops: 0.92% other: 92.47% (2001)
Tanzania arable land: 4.52% permanent crops: 1.08% other: 94.4% (2001)
Thailand arable land: 29.36% permanent crops: 6.46% other: 64.18% (2001)
Togo arable land: 46.15% permanent crops: 2.21% other: 51.64% (2001)
Tokelau arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Tonga arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (2001)
Trinidad and Tobago arable land: 14.62% permanent crops: 9.16% other: 76.22% (2001)
Tromelin Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (2001)
Tunisia arable land: 17.86% permanent crops: 13.74% other: 68.4% (2001)
Turkey arable land: 30.93% permanent crops: 3.31% other: 65.76% (2001)
Turkmenistan arable land: 3.72% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 96.14% (2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands arable land: 2.33% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (2001)
Tuvalu arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Uganda arable land: 25.88% permanent crops: 10.65% other: 63.47% (2001)
Ukraine arable land: 56.21% permanent crops: 1.61% other: 42.18% (2001)
United Arab Emirates arable land: 0.6% permanent crops: 2.25% other: 97.15% (2001)
United Kingdom arable land: 23.46% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 76.33% (2001)
United States arable land: 19.13% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 80.65% (2001)
Uruguay arable land: 7.43% permanent crops: 0.23% other: 92.34% (2001)
Uzbekistan arable land: 10.83% permanent crops: 0.83% other: 88.34% (2001)
Vanuatu arable land: 2.46% permanent crops: 7.38% other: 90.16% (2001)
Venezuela arable land: 2.95% permanent crops: 0.92% other: 96.13% (2001)
Vietnam arable land: 19.97% permanent crops: 5.95% other: 74.08% (2001)
Virgin Islands arable land: 11.76% permanent crops: 2.94% other: 85.3% (2001)
Wake Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Wallis and Futuna arable land: 5% permanent crops: 25% other: 70% (2001)
West Bank arable land: 16.9% permanent crops: 18.97% other: 64.13% (2001)
Western Sahara arable land: 0.02% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.98% (2001)
World arable land: 10.73% permanent crops: 1% other: 88.27% (2001)
Yemen arable land: 2.78% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 96.98% (2001)
Zambia arable land: 7.08% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 92.9% (2001)
Zimbabwe arable land: 8.32% permanent crops: 0.34% other: 91.34% (2001)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2098 Languages (%)
Afghanistan Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashtu (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism
Akrotiri English, Greek
Albania Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects
Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
American Samoa Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2% note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)
Andorra Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Anguilla English (official)
Antigua and Barbuda English (official), local dialects
Argentina Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
Armenia Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census)
Aruba Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish
Australia English 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%, unspecified 5.8% (2001 Census)
Austria German (official nationwide), Slovene (official in Carinthia), Croatian (official in Burgenland), Hungarian (official in Burgenland)
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)
Bahamas, The English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
Bahrain Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Bangladesh Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English
Barbados English
Belarus Belarusian, Russian, other
Belgium Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)
Belize English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)
Bermuda English (official), Portuguese
Bhutan Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects
Bolivia Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Botswana Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)
Brazil Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
British Virgin Islands English (official)
Brunei Malay (official), English, Chinese
Bulgaria Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population
Burma Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages
Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Cambodia Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
Canada English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5%
Cape Verde Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
Cayman Islands English
Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages
Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Chile Spanish
China Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)
Christmas Island English (official), Chinese, Malay
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Malay (Cocos dialect), English
Colombia Spanish
Comoros Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba
Congo, Republic of the French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)
Cook Islands English (official), Maori
Costa Rica Spanish (official), English
Cote d'Ivoire French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken
Croatia Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001 census)
Cuba Spanish
Cyprus Greek, Turkish, English
Czech Republic Czech
Denmark Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority) note: English is the predominant second language
Dhekelia English, Greek
Djibouti French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Dominica English (official), French patois
Dominican Republic Spanish
East Timor Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Ecuador Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)
Egypt Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes
El Salvador Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Equatorial Guinea Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
Eritrea Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages
Estonia Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census)
Ethiopia Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools)
European Union Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish; note - only official languages are listed; Irish (Gaelic) will become the twenty-first language on 1 January 2007
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) English
Faroe Islands Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish
Fiji English (official), Fijian, Hindustani
Finland Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003)
France French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
French Guiana French
French Polynesia French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4% (official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002 census)
Gabon French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
Gambia, The English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars
Gaza Strip Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Georgia Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7% note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia
Germany German
Ghana English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Gibraltar English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Greece Greek 99% (official), English, French
Greenland Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English
Grenada English (official), French patois
Guadeloupe French (official) 99%, Creole patois
Guam English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%, other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other languages 3.5% (2000 census)
Guatemala Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
Guernsey English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts
Guinea French (official), each ethnic group has its own language
Guinea-Bissau Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
Guyana English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
Haiti French (official), Creole (official)
Holy See (Vatican City) Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Honduras Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Hong Kong Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official
Hungary Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)
Iceland Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
India English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language
Indonesia Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese
Iran Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Iraq Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
Ireland English (official) is the language generally used, Irish (official) (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard
Israel Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language
Italy Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)
Jamaica English, patois English
Japan Japanese
Jersey English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census)
Jordan Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes
Kazakhstan Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.)
Kenya English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Kiribati I-Kiribati, English (official)
Korea, North Korean
Korea, South Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high school
Kuwait Arabic (official), English widely spoken
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz (official), Russian (official)
Laos Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages
Latvia Latvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other 4.3% (2000 census)
Lebanon Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
Lesotho Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
Liberia English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence
Libya Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Liechtenstein German (official), Alemannic dialect
Lithuania Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)
Luxembourg Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
Macau Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)
Macedonia Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)
Madagascar French (official), Malagasy (official)
Malawi Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)
Malaysia Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai note: in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest are Iban and Kadazan
Maldives Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials
Mali French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Malta Maltese (official), English (official)
Man, Isle of English, Manx Gaelic
Marshall Islands Marshallese 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census) note: English widely spoken as a second language; both Marshallese and English are official languages
Martinique French, Creole patois
Mauritania Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof
Mauritius Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4% (official), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)
Mayotte Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
Mexico Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages
Micronesia, Federated States of English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Moldova Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Monaco French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Mongolia Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
Montserrat English
Morocco Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy
Mozambique Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)
Namibia English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
Nauru Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Nepal Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census) note: many in government and business also speak English
Netherlands Dutch (official), Frisian (official)
Netherlands Antilles Papiamento 65.4% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other 1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
New Caledonia French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
New Zealand English (official), Maori (official)
Nicaragua Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census) note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Niger French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
Niue Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Norfolk Island English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Northern Mariana Islands Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census)
Norway Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Oman Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Pakistan Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Palau Palauan 64.7% official in all islands except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official), Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census)
Panama Spanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians bilingual
Papua New Guinea Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region note: 715 indigenous languages - many unrelated
Paraguay Spanish (official), Guarani (official)
Peru Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages
Philippines two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan
Pitcairn Islands English (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
Poland Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)
Portugal Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)
Puerto Rico Spanish, English
Qatar Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Reunion French (official), Creole widely used
Romania Romanian (official), Hungarian, German
Russia Russian, many minority languages
Rwanda Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers
Saint Helena English
Saint Kitts and Nevis English
Saint Lucia English (official), French patois
Saint Pierre and Miquelon French (official)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines English, French patois
Samoa Samoan (Polynesian), English
San Marino Italian
Sao Tome and Principe Portuguese (official)
Saudi Arabia Arabic
Senegal French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Serbia and Montenegro Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%
Seychelles Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)
Sierra Leone English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
Singapore Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census)
Slovakia Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)
Slovenia Slovenian 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4% (2002 census)
Solomon Islands Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua franca; English is official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population note: 120 indigenous languages
Somalia Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
South Africa IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001 census)
Spain Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%; note - Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other languages are official regionally
Sri Lanka Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8% note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population
Sudan Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English note: program of "Arabization" in process
Suriname Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
Svalbard Norwegian, Russian
Swaziland English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)
Sweden Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Switzerland German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census) note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national languages, but only the first three are official languages
Syria Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
Taiwan Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Tajikistan Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Tanzania Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Thailand Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
Togo French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Tokelau Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Tonga Tongan, English
Trinidad and Tobago English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Tunisia Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
Turkey Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek
Turkmenistan Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Turks and Caicos Islands English (official)
Tuvalu Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Uganda English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Ukraine Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%; small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities
United Arab Emirates Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
United Kingdom English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
United States English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)
Uruguay Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)
Uzbekistan Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Vanuatu local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)
Venezuela Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
Vietnam Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Virgin Islands English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%, French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census)
Wallis and Futuna Wallisian 58.9% (indigenous Polynesian language), Futunian 30.1%, French 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census)
West Bank Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Western Sahara Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
World Chinese, Mandarin 13.69%, Spanish 5.05%, English 4.84%, Hindi 2.82%, Portuguese 2.77%, Bengali 2.68%, Russian 2.27%, Japanese 1.99%, German, Standard 1.49%, Chinese, Wu 1.21% (2004 est.) note: percents are for "first language" speakers only
Yemen Arabic
Zambia English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Zimbabwe English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2100 Legal system
Afghanistan according to the new constitution, no law should be "contrary to Islam"; the state is obliged to create a prosperous and progressive society based on social justice, protection of human dignity, protection of human rights, realization of democracy, and to ensure national unity and equality among all ethnic groups and tribes; the state shall abide by the UN charter, international treaties, international conventions that Afghanistan signed, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Akrotiri the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Albania has a civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; has accepted jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court for its citizens
Algeria socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
American Samoa NA
Andorra based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Angola based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets
Anguilla based on English common law
Antarctica Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply extra-territorially; some US laws directly apply to Antarctica; for example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities, unless authorized by regulation of statute: the taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica; violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison; the National Science Foundation and Department of Justice share enforcement responsibilities; Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as amended in 1996, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans, Room 5805, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty; for more information, contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230; telephone: (703) 292-8030, or visit their website at www.nsf.gov; more generally, access to the Antarctic Treaty area, that is to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees latitude South, is subject to a number of relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by the states party to the Antarctic Treaty.
Antigua and Barbuda based on English common law
Argentina mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Armenia based on civil law system
Aruba based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence
Ashmore and Cartier Islands the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Australia based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Austria civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Azerbaijan based on civil law system
Bahamas, The based on English common law
Bahrain based on Islamic law and English common law
Baker Island the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Bangladesh based on English common law
Barbados English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts
Bassas da India the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Belarus based on civil law system
Belgium civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Belize English law
Benin based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bermuda English law
Bhutan based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bolivia based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bosnia and Herzegovina based on civil law system
Botswana based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bouvet Island the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Brazil based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
British Indian Ocean Territory the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
British Virgin Islands English law
Brunei based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Bulgaria civil law and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Burkina Faso based on French civil law system and customary law
Burma has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Burundi based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Cambodia primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years
Cameroon based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Canada based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Cape Verde derived from the legal system of Portugal
Cayman Islands British common law and local statutes
Central African Republic based on French law
Chad based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Chile based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction note: Chile is in the process of completely overhauling its criminal justice system; a new, US-style adversarial system is being gradually implemented throughout the country with the final stage of implementation in the Santiago metropolitan region expected in June 2005
China a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal law; rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new legal codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing efforts are being made to improve civil, administrative, criminal, and commercial law
Christmas Island under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Clipperton Island the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Cocos (Keeling) Islands based upon the laws of Australia and local laws
Colombia based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted into law in 2004; judicial review of executive and legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Comoros French and Sharia (Islamic) law in a new consolidated code
Congo, Democratic Republic of the based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Congo, Republic of the based on French civil law system and customary law
Cook Islands based on New Zealand law and English common law
Coral Sea Islands the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Costa Rica based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Cote d'Ivoire based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Croatia based on civil law system
Cuba based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Cyprus based on common law, with civil law modifications
Czech Republic civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory
Denmark civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Dhekelia the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Djibouti based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law
Dominica based on English common law
Dominican Republic based on French civil codes; undergoing modification in 2004 towards an accusatory system
East Timor UN-drafted legal system based on Indonesian law remains in place but will be replaced by civil and penal codes based on Portuguese law (2004)
Ecuador based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Egypt based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
El Salvador based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Equatorial Guinea partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom
Eritrea primary basis is the Ethiopian legal code of 1957, with revisions; new civil, commercial, and penal codes have not yet been promulgated; also relies on customary and post-independence-enacted laws and, for civil cases involving Muslims, Sharia law
Estonia based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
Ethiopia currently transitional mix of national and regional courts
Europa Island the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) English common law
Faroe Islands Danish
Fiji based on British system
Finland civil law system based on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
France civil law system with indigenous concepts; review of administrative but not legislative acts
French Guiana French legal system
French Polynesia based on French system
French Southern and Antarctic Lands the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Gabon based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Gambia, The based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Georgia based on civil law system
Germany civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Ghana based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Gibraltar English law
Glorioso Islands the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Greece based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and administrative courts
Greenland Danish
Grenada based on English common law
Guadeloupe French legal system
Guam modeled on US; US federal laws apply
Guatemala civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Guernsey English law and local statutes; justice is administered by the Royal Court
Guinea based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Guinea-Bissau NA
Guyana based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Haiti based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Heard Island and McDonald Islands the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Holy See (Vatican City) based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it
Honduras rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Hong Kong based on English common law
Howland Island the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Hungary rule of law based on Western model
Iceland civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
India based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus
Indonesia based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures and election codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Iran the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government
Iraq based on civil and Islamic law under the Iraqi Interim Government (IG) and Transitional Administrative Law (TAL)
Ireland based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Israel mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Italy based on civil law system; appeals treated as new trials; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Jamaica based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Jan Mayen the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Japan modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Jarvis Island the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Jersey English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court
Johnston Atoll the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Jordan based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Juan de Nova Island the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Kazakhstan based on civil law system
Kenya based on Kenyan statutory law, Kenyan and English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991
Kingman Reef the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Kiribati NA
Korea, North based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Korea, South combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought
Kuwait civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Kyrgyzstan based on civil law system
Laos based on traditional customs, French legal norms and procedures, and socialist practice
Latvia based on civil law system
Lebanon mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Lesotho based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Liberia dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector
Libya based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Liechtenstein local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Lithuania based on civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the constitutional court
Luxembourg based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Macau based on Portuguese civil law system
Macedonia based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Madagascar based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Malawi based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Malaysia based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Maldives based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Mali based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Malta based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Man, Isle of English common law and Manx statute
Marshall Islands based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Martinique French legal system
Mauritania a combination of Shari'a (Islamic law) and French civil law
Mauritius based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas
Mayotte French law
Mexico mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Micronesia, Federated States of based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Midway Islands the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Moldova based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction but accepts many UN and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents
Monaco based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Mongolia blend of Soviet, German, and US systems that combine "continental" or "civil" code and case-precedent; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Montserrat English common law and statutory law
Morocco based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court
Mozambique based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law
Namibia based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution
Nauru acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Navassa Island the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Nepal based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Netherlands civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Netherlands Antilles based on Dutch civil law system with some English common law influence
New Caledonia the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law
New Zealand based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for the Maori; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Nicaragua civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts
Niger based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Nigeria based on English common law, Islamic Shariah law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law
Niue English common law note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
Norfolk Island based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Northern Mariana Islands based on US system, except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation
Norway mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Oman based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the monarch; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Pakistan based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's status as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Palau based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Palmyra Atoll the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Panama based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Papua New Guinea based on English common law
Paraguay based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice
Peru based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Philippines based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Pitcairn Islands local island by-laws
Poland mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover Communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts, but rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final; court decisions can be appealed to the European Court of Justice in Strasbourg
Portugal civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Puerto Rico based on Spanish civil code and within the US Federal system of justice
Qatar discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters
Reunion French law
Romania former mixture of civil law system and communist legal theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic
Russia based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Rwanda based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis based on English common law
Saint Lucia based on English common law
Saint Pierre and Miquelon French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines based on English common law
Samoa based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
San Marino based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sao Tome and Principe based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Saudi Arabia based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Senegal based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Serbia and Montenegro based on civil law system
Seychelles based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law
Sierra Leone based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Singapore based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Slovakia civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory
Slovenia based on civil law system
Solomon Islands English common law, which is widely disregarded
Somalia no national system; Shari'a and secular courts are in some localities
South Africa based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court
Spain civil law system, with regional applications; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sri Lanka a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Muslim, Sinhalese, and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sudan based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suriname based on Dutch legal system incorporating French penal theory
Svalbard NA
Swaziland based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sweden civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Switzerland civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory character; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Syria based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Taiwan based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Tajikistan based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
Tanzania based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Thailand based on civil law system, with influences of common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Togo French-based court system
Tokelau New Zealand and local statutes
Tonga based on English law
Trinidad and Tobago based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Tromelin Island the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Tunisia based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session
Turkey civil law system derived from various European continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; note - member of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), although Turkey claims limited derogations on the ratified European Convention on Human Rights
Turkmenistan based on civil law system
Turks and Caicos Islands based on laws of England and Wales, with a few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas
Tuvalu NA
Uganda in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Ukraine based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
United Arab Emirates federal court system introduced in 1971; applies to all emirates except Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah, which are not fully integrated into the federal system; all emirates have secular courts to adjudicate criminal, civil, and commercial matters and Islamic courts to review family and religious disputes
United Kingdom common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; has judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
United States federal court system based on English common law; each state has its own unique legal system, of which all but one (Louisiana's) is based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Uruguay based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Uzbekistan evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system
Vanuatu unified system being created from former dual French and British systems
Venezuela open, adversarial court system
Vietnam based on communist legal theory and French civil law system
Virgin Islands based on US laws
Wake Island the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Wallis and Futuna French legal system
World all members of the UN are parties to the statute that established the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or World Court
Yemen based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and local tribal customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Zambia based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Zimbabwe mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2101 Legislative branch
Afghanistan nonfunctioning as of January 2004; government is empowered by the constitution to issue legislation by decree until the new assembly is seated; under the new constitution, the bicameral National Assembly will consist of the Wolesi Jirga or House of People (no more than 249 seats), directly elected for a five-year term, and the Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats, one third elected from provincial councils for a four-year term, one third elected from local district councils for a three-year term, and one third presidential appointees for a five-year term; the presidential appointees will include two representatives of Kuchis and two representatives of the disabled; half of the presidential appointees will be women) note: on rare occasions the government may convene the Loya Jirga on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; it is made up of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils elections: scheduled for spring 2005
Albania unicameral People's Assembly or Kuvendi Popullor (140 seats; 100 are elected by direct popular vote and 40 by proportional vote for four-year terms) elections: last held 4 July 2005 (next to be held July 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PD 55, PS 40, PR 11, PSD 7, LSI 5, other 22
Algeria bicameral Parliament consists of the National People's Assembly or Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani (389 seats - changed from 380 seats in the 2002 elections; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Council of Nations (Senate) (144 seats; one-third of the members appointed by the president, two-thirds elected by indirect vote; members serve six-year terms; the constitution requires half the council to be renewed every three years) elections: National People's Assembly - last held 30 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); Council of Nations (Senate) - last held 30 December 2003 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FLN 199, RND 48, Islah 43, MSP 38, PT 21, FNA 8, EnNahda 1, PRA 1, MEN 1, independents 29; Council of Nations - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party NA%
American Samoa bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); Senate - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 18 note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate
Andorra unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held March-April 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 41.2%, PS 38.1%, CDA 11%, other 9.7%; seats by party - PLA 14, PS 12, CDA 2
Angola unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held September 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, others 7
Anguilla unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats total, 7 elected by direct popular vote, 2 ex officio members, and 2 appointed; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 21 February 2005 (next to be held 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - AUF 38.9%, ANSA 19.2%, AUM 19.4%, APP 9.5 %, independents 13%; seats by party - AUF 4, ANSA 2, AUM 1
Antigua and Barbuda bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 23 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ALP 4, UPP 13
Argentina bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate (72 seats; members are elected by direct vote; presently one-third of the members elected every two years to a six-year term) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members are elected by direct vote; one-half of the members elected every two years to a four-year term) elections: Senate - last held intermittently by province during the 2nd half of 2003 (next to be held NA 2005); Chamber of Deputies - last held intermittently by province during the 2nd half of 2003 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA%; seats by bloc or party - PJ 41, UCR 16, provincial parties 15; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA%; seats by bloc or party - PJ 133, UCR 46, IF 23, ARI 11, Socialist 6, other/provincial parties 38
Armenia unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms; 75 members elected by party list, 56 by direct vote) elections: last held 25 May 2003 (next to be held in the spring of 2007) note: percent of vote by party - Republican Party 23.5%, Justice Bloc 13.6%, Rule of Law 12.3%, ARF (Dashnak) 11.4%, National Unity Party 8.8%, United Labor Party 5.7%; seats by party - Republican Party 23, Justice Bloc 14, Rule of Law 12, ARF (Dashnak) 11, National Unity 9, United Labor 6; note - seats by party change frequently as deputies switch parties or announce themselves independent
Aruba unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 23 September 2005 (next to be held by NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - MEP 43%, AVP 32%, MPA 7%, RED 7%, PDR 6%, OLA 4%, PPA 2%; seats by party - MEP 11, AVP 8, MPA 1, RED 1
Australia bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats - 12 from each of the six states and two from each of the two mainland territories; one-half of state members are elected every three years by popular vote to serve six-year terms while all territory members are elected every three years) and the House of Representatives (150 seats; members elected by popular preferential voting to serve terms of up to three-years; no state can have fewer than five representatives) elections: Senate - last held 9 October 2004 (next to be held no later than June 2008); House of Representatives - last held 9 October 2004 (next to be called no later than November 2007) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party (for session beginning on 1 July 2005) - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 39, Australian Labor Party 28, Democrats 4, Australian Greens 4, Family First Party 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 87, Australian Labor Party 60, independents 3
Austria bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of Federal Council or Bundesrat (62 members; members represent each of the states on the basis of population, but with each state having at least three representatives; members serve a five- or six-year term) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: National Council - last held 24 November 2002 (next to be held in the fall of 2006) election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 42.3%, SPOe 36.5%, FPOe 10.0%, Greens 9.5%; seats by party - OeVP 79, SPOe 69, FPOe 18, Greens 17; seating as of May 2005 after split within the Freedom Party: OeVP 79, SPOe 69, Greens 17, BZOe 11, FPOe 7
Azerbaijan unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 4 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005) note: 100 members of the current parliament were elected on the basis of single mandate constituencies, while 25 were elected based on proportional balloting; as a result of a 24 August 2002 national referendum on changes to the constitution, all 125 members of the next parliament will be elected from single mandate constituencies election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NAP and allies 108, APF "Reform" 6, CSP 3, PNIA 2, Musavat Party 2, CPA 2, APF "Classic" 1, Compatriot Party 1 note: PNIA, Musavat, and APF "Classic" parties refused to take their seats
Bahamas, The bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16-member body appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader for five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms); the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time elections: last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held by May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 50.8%, FNM 41.1%, independents 5.2%; seats by party - PLP 29, FNM 7, independents 4
Bahrain bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members directly elected to serve four-year terms) elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held NA 2006) election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10 note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002
Bangladesh unicameral National Parliament or Jatiya Sangsad; 300 seats elected by popular vote from single territorial constituencies (the constitutional amendment reserving 30 seats for women over and above the 300 regular parliament seats expired in May 2001); members serve five-year terms elections: last held 1 October 2001 (next to be held before October 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - BNP and alliance partners 47%, AL 40%; seats by party - BNP 195, AL 58, JI 17, JP (Ershad faction) 14, IOJ 3, JP (Naziur) 4, other 9; note - the election of October 2001 brought a majority BNP government aligned with three other smaller parties - Jamaat-e-Islami, Islami Oikya Jote, and Jatiya Party (Manzur)
Barbados bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Assembly (30 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Assembly - last held 21 May 2003 (next to be held by May 2008) election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - BLP 23, DLP 7
Belarus bicameral National Assembly or Natsionalnoye Sobranie consists of the Council of the Republic or Soviet Respubliki (64 seats; 56 members elected by regional councils and 8 members appointed by the president, all for 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Representatives or Palata Predstaviteley (110 seats; members elected by universal adult suffrage to serve 4-year terms) elections: last held 18 March and 1 April 2001 and 17 and 31 October 2004; international observers widely denounced the October 2004 elections as flawed and undemocratic, based on massive government falsification; pro-Lukashenko candidates won every seat, after many opposition candidates were disqualified for technical reasons election results: Soviet Respubliki - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Palata Predstaviteley - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Belgium bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate or Senaat in Dutch, Senat in French (71 seats; 40 members are directly elected by popular vote, 31 are indirectly elected; members serve four-year terms) and a Chamber of Deputies or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers in Dutch, Chambre des Representants in French (150 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate and Chamber of Deputies - last held 18 May 2003 (next to be held no later than May 2007) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - SP.A-Spirit 15.5%, VLD 15.4%, CD & V 12.7%, PS 12.8%, MR 12.1%, VB 9.4%, CDH 5.6%; seats by party - SP.A-Spirit 7, VLD 7, CD & V 6, PS 6, MR 5, VB 5, CDH 2, other 2 (note - there are also 31 indirectly elected senators); Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - VLD 15.4%, SP.A-Spirit 14.9%, CD & V 13.3%, PS 13.0%, VB 11.6%, MR 11.4%, CDH 5.5%, Ecolo 3.1%; seats by party - VLD 25, SP.A-Spirit 23, CD & V 21, PS 25, VB 18, MR 24, CDH 8 Ecolo 4, other 2 note: as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments each with its own legislative assembly
Belize bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (12 members appointed by the governor general - six on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and one each on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches, the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Belize Better Business Bureau, and the National Trade Union Congress and the Civil Society Steering Committee; members are appointed for five-year terms) and the House of Representatives (29 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 5 March 2003 (next to be held March 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PUP 21, UDP 8
Benin unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (83 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 30 March 2003 (next to be held March 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Presidential Movement 52, opposition (PRB, PRD, E'toile, and 5 other small parties) 31
Bermuda bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve up to five-year terms) elections: last general election held 24 July 2003 (next to be held July 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 51.7%, UBP 48%; seats by party - PLP 22, UBP 14
Bhutan unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; members serve three-year terms) elections: local elections last held November 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: NA
Bolivia bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; 68 are directly elected from their districts and 62 are elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held June 2007) election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNR 11, MAS 8, MIR 5, NFR 2, other 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNR 36, MAS 27, MIR 26, NFR 25, others 16
Bosnia and Herzegovina bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of the National House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats - elected by proportional representation, 28 seats allocated from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 seats from the Republika Srpska; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); and the House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members elected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve four-year terms); note - Bosnia's election law specifies four-year terms for the state and first-order administrative division entity legislatures elections: National House of Representatives - elections last held 5 October 2002 (next to be held in NA 2006); House of Peoples - last constituted NA January 2003 (next to be constituted in 2007) election results: National House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - SDA 21.9%, SDS 14.0%, SBiH 10.5%, SDP 10.4%, SNSD 9.8%, HDZ 9.5%, PDP 4.6%, others 19.3%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 10, SDS 5, SBiH 6, SDP 4, SNSD 3, HDZ 5, PDP 2, others 7; House of Peoples - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA%; seats by party/coalition - NA note: the Bosniak/Croat Federation has a bicameral legislature that consists of a House of Representatives (98 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held 5 October 2002 (next to be held NA October 2006); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 32, HDZ-BiH 16, SDP 15, SBiH 15, other 20; and a House of Peoples (60 seats - 30 Bosniak, 30 Croat); last constituted December 2002; the Republika Srpska has a National Assembly (83 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held 5 October 2002 (next to be held in the fall of 2006); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDS 26, SNSD 19, PDP 9, SDA 6, SRS 4, SPRS 3, DNZ 3, SBiH 4, SDP 3, others 6; as a result of the 2002 constitutional reform process, a 28-member Republika Srpska Council of Peoples (COP) was established in the Republika Srpska National Assembly including 8 Croats, 8 Bosniaks, 8 Serbs, and 4 members of the smaller communities
Botswana bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (61 seats, 57 members are directly elected by popular vote and four are appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly elections last held 30 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 52%, BNF 26%, BCP 17%, other 5%; seats by party - BDP 44, BNF 12, BCP 1
Brazil bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; three members from each state and federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third elected after a four-year period, two-thirds elected after the next four-year period) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Federal Senate - last held 6 October 2002 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held October 2006 for one-third of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held 6 October 2002 (next to be held October 2006) election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PMBD 19, PFL 19, PT 14, PSDB 11, PDT 5, PSB 4, PL 3, PTB 3, PPS 1, PSD 1, PP 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PT 91, PFL 84, PMDB 74, PSDB 71, PP 49, PL 26, PTB 26, PSB 22, PDT 21, PPS 15, PCdoB 12, PRONA 6, PV 5, other 11; note - many congressmen have changed party affiliation since the most recent election
British Virgin Islands unicameral Legislative Council (13 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, one member from each of 9 electoral districts, four at-large members; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 16 May 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NDP 8, VIP 5
Brunei Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members; Sultan dissolved council on 1 September 2005 and appointed a new council with 29 members as of 2 September 2005 elections: last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)
Bulgaria unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sobranie (240 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 June 2005 (next to be held June 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - CfB 31.1%, NMS2 19.9%, MRF 12.7%, ATAKA 8.2%, UDF 7.7%, DSB 6.5%, BPU 5.2%; seats by party - CfB 83, NMS2 53, MRF 33, ATAKA 21, UDF 20, DSB 17, BPU 13
Burkina Faso unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (111 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly election last held 5 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDP 57, RDA-ADF 17, PDP/PS 10, CFD 5, PAI 5, others 17
Burma unicameral People's Assembly or Pyithu Hluttaw (485 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never allowed by junta to convene election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NLD 392 (opposition), SNLD 23 (opposition), NUP 10 (pro-government), other 60
Burundi bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period) elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but was suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are currently planned to be held by April 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13
Cambodia bicameral, consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2008); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (scheduled to be held in 2004 but delayed) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2 (July 2003)
Cameroon unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature) elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21 note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
Canada bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (members appointed by the governor general with the advice of the prime minister and serve until reaching 75 years of age; its normal limit is 105 senators) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (308 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve for up to five-year terms) elections: House of Commons - last held 28 June 2004 (next to be held by NA 2009) election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Liberal Party 36.7%, Conservative Party 29.6%, New Democratic Party 15.7%, Bloc Quebecois 12.4%, Greens 4.3%, independents 0.4%, other 0.9%; seats by party - Liberal Party 134, Conservative Party 99, Bloc Quebecois 54, New Democratic Party 19, independent 2
Cape Verde unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held December 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2
Cayman Islands unicameral Legislative Assembly (18 seats, three appointed members from the Executive Council and 15 elected by popular vote; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 May 2005 (next to be held 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - PPM 9, UDP 5, independent 1
Central African Republic unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (109 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms elections: last held 22-23 November and 13 December 1998 (next to be held 13 March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - MLPC 43%, RDC 18%, MDD 9%, FPP 6%, PSD 5%, ADP 4%, PUN 3%, FODEM 2%, PLD 2%, UPR 1%, FC 1%, independents 6%; seats by party - MLPC 47, RDC 20, MDD 8, FPP 7, PSD 6, ADP 5, PUN 3, FODEM 2, PLD 2, UPR 1, FC 1, independents 7
Chad bicameral according to constitution, consists of a National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate (not yet created and size unspecified, members to serve six-year terms, one-third of membership renewable every two years) elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be held in April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, others 11
Chile bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (48 seats, 38 elected by popular vote, 9 designated members, and 1 former president who has served a full six-year term and is senator for life); elected members serve eight-year terms (one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held December 2005); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held December 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPD 20 (PDC 12, PS 5, PPD 3), APC 16 (UDI 9, RN 7), independents 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPD 62 (PDC 24, PPD 21, PS 11, PRSD 6), UDI 35, RN 22, independent 1
China unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (2,985 seats; members elected by municipal, regional, and provincial people's congresses to serve five-year terms) elections: last held December 2002-February 2003 (next to be held late 2007-February 2008) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA
Christmas Island unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held in 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Cocos (Keeling) Islands unicameral Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shire Council (7 seats) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held NA
Colombia bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Senate or Senado (102 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (166 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 10 March 2002 (next to be held March 2006); House of Representatives - last held 10 March 2002 (next to be held March 2006) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PL 28, PSC 13, independents and smaller parties (many aligned with conservatives) 61; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PL 54, PSC 21, independents and other parties 91
Comoros unicameral Assembly of the Union (33 seats; 15 deputies are selected by the individual islands' local assemblies and the 18 by universal suffrage; deputies serve for five years); elections: last held 18 and 25 April 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the a 300-member Transitional Constituent Assembly established in August 2000 elections: NA; members of the Transitional Constituent Assembly were appointed by former President Laurent Desire KABILA
Congo, Republic of the bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (66 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (137 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 11 July 2002 (next to be held July 2007); National Assembly - last held 27 May and 26 June 2002 (next to be held by NA May 2007) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FDP 56, other 10; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FDP 83, UDR 6, UPADS 3, other 45
Cook Islands unicameral Parliament (25 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 7 September 2004 (next to be held by 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CIP 10, DAP 9, Demo Tumu 4, independent 1; note - one seat undecided pending by-election note: the House of Ariki (chiefs) advises on traditional matters and maintains considerable influence, but has no legislative powers
Costa Rica unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (57 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 3 February 2002 (next to be held 3 February 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PUSC 19, PLN 17, PAC 14, PML 6, PRC 1; note - seats by party as of January 2005 - PUSC 19, PLN 16, PAC 8, PML 5, PRC 1, Patriotic Union 3, Homeland First 1, Authentic Member from Heredia 1, Democratic National Alliance 1, independent 2
Cote d'Ivoire unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (225 seats; members are elected in single- and multi-district elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: elections last held 10 December 2000 with by-elections on 14 January 2001 (next to be held October 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FPI 96, PDCI-RDA 94, RDR 5, PIT 4, other 2, independents 22, vacant 2 note: a Senate is scheduled to be created in the next full election in 2005
Croatia unicameral Assembly or Sabor (152 seats; note - one seat was added in the November 2003 parliamentary elections; members elected from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Assembly - last held 23 November 2003 (next to be held in 2007) election results: Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; number of seats by party - HDZ 66, SDP 34, HSS 10, HNS 10, HSP 8, IDS 4, Libra 3, HSU 3, SDSS 3, other 11 note: minority government coalition - HDZ, DC, HSLS, HSU, SDSS
Cuba unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular (609 seats, elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 19 January 2003 (next to be held in NA 2008) election results: percent of vote - PCC 97.6%; seats - PCC 609
Cyprus unicameral - Republic of Cyprus: House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots; note - only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); north Cyprus: Assembly of the Republic or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Republic of Cyprus: last held 27 May 2001 (next to be held May 2006); north Cyprus: last held 14 December 2003 (next to be held NA 2008) election results: Republic of Cyprus: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - AKEL 34.71%, DISY 34%, DIKO 14.84%, KISOS 6.51%, others 9.94%; seats by party - AKEL (Communist) 20, DISY 19, DIKO 9, KISOS 4, others 4; north Cyprus: Assembly of the Republic - percent of vote by party - CTP 35.8%, UBP 32.3%, Peace and Democratic Movement 13.4%, DP 12.3%; seats by party - CTP 19, UBP 18, Peace and Democratic Movement 6, DP 7
Czech Republic bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held in two rounds 5-6 November and 12-13 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 14-15 June 2002 (next to be held by June 2006) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ODS 37, KDU-CSL 14, Open Democracy 13, CSSD 7, Caucus Open Democracy 7, independents 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CSSD 30.2%, ODS 24.5%, KSCM 18.5%, KDU-CSL & US-DEU coalition 14.3%, other minor 12.5%; seats by party - CSSD 70, ODS 57, KSCM 41, KDU-CSL 21, US-DEU 10, independent 1
Denmark unicameral People's Assembly or Folketinget (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 8 February 2005 (next to be held February 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Liberal Party 29%, Social Democrats 25.9%, Danish People's Party 13.2%, Conservative Party 10.3%, Social Liberal Party 9.2%, Socialist People's Party 6%, Unity List 3.4%; seats by party - Liberal Party 52, Social Democrats 47, Danish People's Party 24, Conservative Party 18, Social Liberal Party 17, Socialist People's Party 11, Unity List 6; note - does not include the 2 seats from Greenland and the 2 seats from the Faroe Islands
Djibouti unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held January 2008) election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats - RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
Dominica unicameral House of Assembly (30 seats, 9 appointed senators, 21 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 5 May 2005 (next to be held by 5 August 2010); note - tradition dictates that the election will be held within five years of the last election, but technically it is five years from the first seating of parliament (12 May 2005) plus a 90-day grace period election results: percent of vote by party - DLP 52.08%, UWP 43.6%, DFP 3.15%; seats by party - DLP 12, UWP 8, independent 1
Dominican Republic bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (32 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 16 May 2002 (next to be held May 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 May 2002 (next to be held May 2006) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 29, PLD 2, PRSC 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 73, PLD 41, PRSC 36
East Timor unicameral National Parliament (number of seats can vary, minimum requirement of 52 and a maximum of 65 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - for its first term of office, the National Parliament is comprised of 88 members on an exceptional basis elections: (next to be held August 2006); direct elections for national parliament were never held; elected delegates to the national convention named themselves legislators instead of having elections; hence the exceptional numbers for this term of the national parliament. election results: percent of vote by party - FRETILIN 57.37%, PD 8.72%, PSD 8.18%, ASDT 7.84%, UDT 2.36%, PNT 2.21%, KOTA 2.13%, PPT 2.01%, PDC 1.98%, PST 1.78%, independents/other 5.42%; seats by party - FRETILIN 55, PD 7, PSD 6, ASDT 6, PDC 2, UDT 2, KOTA 2, PNT 2, PPT 2, UDC/PDC 1, PST 1, PL 1, independent 1
Ecuador unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (100 seats; members are popularly elected by province to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2002 (next to be held October 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PSC 25, PRE 15, ID 16, PRIAN 10, PSP 9, Pachakutik Movement 6, MPD 5, DP 4, PS-FA 3, independents 7; note - defections by members of National Congress are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties
Egypt bicameral system consists of the People's Assembly or Majlis al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) and the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura - which functions only in a consultative role (264 seats; 176 elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the president; members serve six-year terms; mid-term elections for half the members) elections: People's Assembly - three-phase voting - last held 19 October, 29 October, 8 November 2000 (next to be held October-November 2005); Advisory Council - last held May-June 2004 (next to be held May-June 2007) election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NDP 388, Tagammu 6, NWP 7, Nasserists 3, Al-Ahrar 1, independents 37 (2 seats determined by a later byelection, 10 seats appointed by President); Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA
El Salvador unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FMLN 31, ARENA 28, PCN 15, PDC 5, CD 5
Equatorial Guinea unicameral House of People's Representatives or Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (80 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 25 April 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 98, NA 2 note: Parliament has little power since the constitution vests all executive authority in the president
Eritrea unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; term limits not established) elections: in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, that had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely
Estonia unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 2 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - Center Party 25.4%, Res Publica 24.6%, Reform Party 17.7%, Estonian People's Union 13%, Pro Patria Union (Fatherland League) 7.3% People's Party Moodukad 7%; seats by party - Center Party 28, Res Publica 28, Reform Party 19, Estonian People's Union 13, Pro Patria Union 7, People's Party Moodukad 6
Ethiopia bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation or upper chamber (108 seats; members are chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives or lower chamber (548 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 15 May 2005 (next to be held NA 2010) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - OPDO 177, ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10, ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed note: irregularities and violence at some polling stations necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies; voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought
European Union Council of the European Union (25 member-state ministers having 321 votes; the number of votes is roughly proportional to member-states' population); note - the Council is the main decision-making body of the EU; European Parliament (732 seats; seats allocated among member states by proportion to population); members elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term elections: last held 10-13 June 2004 (next to be held June 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - EPP-ED 268, PES 202, ALDE 88, Greens/EFA 42, EUL/NGL 41, IND/DEM 36, UEN 27, independents 28
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Faroe Islands unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (32 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis from the seven constituencies to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 20 January 2004 (next to be held no later than January 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - Union Party 23.7%, Social Democrats 21.8%, Republican Party 21.7%, People's Party 20.6%, Center Party 5.2%, Independence Party 4.6%; seats by party - Union Party 7, Social Democrats 7, Republican Party 8, People's Party 7, Center Party 2, Independence Party 1 note: election of 2 seats to the Danish Parliament was last held on 8 February 2005 (next to be held February 2009); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 1, People's Party 1
Fiji bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (34 seats; 24 appointed by the President on the advice of the Great Council of Chiefs, nine appointed by the president, and one appointed by the council of Rotuma) and the House of Representatives (71 seats; 23 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19 reserved for ethnic Indians, three reserved for other ethnic groups, one reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the whole of Fiji, and 25 open seats; members serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 25 August through 1 September and 19 September 2001 (next to be held not later than September 2006) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - FLP 26.5%, SDL 27.5%, NFP 1.2%, MV 4.2%, NLUP 1.3%, UGP .3%, independents 1.4%; seats by party - FLP 27, SDL 32, MV 6, NFP 1, NLUP 2, UGP 1, independents 2
Finland unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held March 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - Kesk 24.7%, SDP 24.5%, Kok 18.5%, VAS 9.9%, VIHR 8%, KD 5.3%, SFP 4.6%; seats by party - Kesk 55, SDP 53, Kok 40, VAS 19, VIHR 14, KD 7, SFP 8, others 4
France bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (321 seats - 296 for metropolitan France, 13 for overseas departments and territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members are indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve nine-year terms; elected by thirds every three years); note - between now and 2010, 25 new seats will be added to the Senate for a total of 346 seats - 326 for metropolitan France and overseas departments, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for Mayotte, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 3 for overseas territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members will be indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve six-year terms, with one-half the seats being renewed every three years; and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a single-member majority system to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 26 September 2004 (next to be held September 2007); National Assembly - last held 8-16 June 2002 (next to be held not later than June 2007) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP 156, PS 97, UDF 33, PCF 23, RDSE 15, other 7; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP 355, PS 140, UDF 29, PCF 21, Radical Party 7, Greens 3, other 22
French Guiana unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PSG 5, various left-wing parties 5, independents 7, other 2; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - PS 28.28%, various left parties 22.56%, RPR 15.91%, independents 8.6%, Walwari Committee 6%; seats by party - PS 11, various left parties 9, RPR 6, independents 3, Walwari Committee 2 note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next to be held September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; 2 seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP/RPR 1, Walwari Committee 1
French Polynesia unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (57 seats - changed from 49 seats for May 2004 election; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 23 May 2004 (next to be held May 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 28, Union for Democracy 27, New Star 1, This Country is Yours 1; after by-elections of 13 February 2005 seating was as follows: People's Rally for the Republic 27, Union for Democracy 27, and Alliance for a New Democracy 3 note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next to be held September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; two seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP/RPR 1, UMP 1
Gabon bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (91 seats; members elected by members of municipal councils and departmental assemblies) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 9 and 23 December 2001 (next to be held December 2006); Senate - last held 26 January and 9 February 2003 (next to be held by January 2009) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PDG 86, RNB-RPG 8, PGP 3, ADERE 3, CLR 2, PUP 1, PSD 1, independents 13, others 3; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PDG 53, RNB 20, PGP 4, ADERE 3, RDP 1, CLR 1, independents 9
Gambia, The unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 elected by popular vote, five appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 17 January 2002 (next to be held February 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APRC 45, PDOIS 2, NRP 1,
Georgia unicameral Supreme Council (commonly referred to as Parliament) or Umaghiesi Sabcho (235 seats - 150 elected by party lists); members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held spring 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - National Movement-Democrats 67.6%, Rightist Opposition 7.6%, all other parties received less than 7% each; seats by party - National Movement-Democrats 135, Rightist Opposition 15
Germany bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (613 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block) elections: Federal Assembly - last held 18 September 2005 (next to be held September 2009); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, SPD 222, FDP 61, Left 54, Greens 51; Federal Council - current composition - NA
Ghana unicameral Parliament (230 seats; note - increased from 200 seats in last election; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 92, other 10
Gibraltar unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Greece unicameral Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: elections last held 7 March 2004 (next to be held by March 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - ND 45.4%, PASOK 40.6%, KKE 5.9%, Synaspismos 3.3%; seats by party - ND 165, PASOK 117, KKE 12, Synaspismos 6
Greenland unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 3 December 2002 (next to be held by December 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - Siumut 28.7%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 25.5%, Atassut Party 20.4%, Demokratiit 15.6%, Katusseqatigiit 5.3%; seats by party - Siumut 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit 8, Atassut 7, Demokratiit 5, Katusseqatigiit 1 note: two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketing on 8 February 2005 (next to be held February 2009); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Siumut 1, Inuit Ataqatigiit 1
Grenada bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 13-member body, 10 appointed by the government and three by the leader of the opposition) and the House of Representatives (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 27 November 2003 (next to be held by November 2008) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NNP 8, NDC 7
Guadeloupe unicameral General Council or Conseil General (42 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held March 2004 (next to be held by NA 2010); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2010) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - left-wing candidates 11, PS 8, RPR 8, PPDG 6, right-wing candidates 5, PCG 3, UDF 1; Regional Council (second round) - percent of vote by party - PS 58.4%, UMP 41.6%; seats by party - PS 29, UMP 12 note: Guadeloupe elects two representatives to the French Senate; elections last held September 2004 (next to be held September 2013); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA, Guadeloupe elects four representatives to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 2, PS 1, different right parties 1
Guam unicameral Legislature (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) elections: last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Democratic Party 6, Republican Party 9 note: Guam elects one nonvoting delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); results - Madeleine BORDALLO (Democratic Party) was elected as delegate; percent of vote by party - Democratic Party 64.6%, Republican Party 35.4%; seats by party - Democratic Party 1
Guatemala unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (158 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 9 November 2003 (next to be held November 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - GANA 49, FRG 41, UNE 33, PAN 17, other 18 note: for the 9 November 2003 election, the number of congressional seats increased from 113 to 158
Guernsey unicameral States of Deliberation (45 seats; members are elected by popular vote for 4 years); note - Alderney and Sark have their own parliaments elections: last held 21 April 2004 (next to be held NA 2008) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - all independents
Guinea unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale Populaire (114 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PUP 61.6%, UPR 26.6%, other 11.8%; seats by party - PUP 85, UPR 20, other 9
Guinea-Bissau unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (100 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve a maximum of four years) elections: last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - PAIGC 31.5%, PRS 24.8%, PUSD 16.1%, UE 4.1%, APU 1.3%, 13 other parties 22.2%; seats by party - PAIGC 45, PRS 35, PUSD 17, UE 2, APU 1
Guyana unicameral National Assembly (68 seats, 65 elected by popular vote, 1 elected Speaker of the National Assembly, and 2 nonvoting members appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPP/C 34, PNC 27, GAP and WPA 2, ROAR 1, TUF 1
Haiti bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (27 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (83 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the National Assembly stopped functioning in January 2004 when the terms of all Deputies and two-thirds of sitting Senators expired; no replacements have been elected; the President is currently ruling by decree elections: Senate - last held for two-thirds of seats 21 May 2000 with runoffs on 9 July boycotted by the opposition; seven seats still disputed; election for remaining one-third held on 26 November 2000 (next to be held in 2005); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 May 2000 with runoffs on 30 July boycotted by the opposition; one vacant seat rerun 26 November 2000 (next to be held in November 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, MOCHRENA 3, PLB 2, OPL 1, vacant 1, other minor parties and independents 3
Holy See (Vatican City) unicameral Pontifical Commission
Honduras unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members are elected proportionally to the number of votes their party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 November 2001 (next to be held 27 November 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PN 61, PL 55, PUD 5, PDC 4, PINU-SD 3
Hong Kong unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (60 seats; in 2004 30 seats indirectly elected by functional constituencies, 30 elected by popular vote; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 12 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - pro-democracy group 62%; seats by party - (pro-Beijing 34) DAB 12, Liberal Party 10, independents 11, FTU 1; (pro-democracy 25) independents 11, Democratic Party 9, CTU 2, ADPL 1, Frontier Party 1, NWSC 1; other 1
Hungary unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 and 21 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - Fidesz/MDF 48.70%, MSzP 46.11%, SzDSz 4.92%, other 0.27%; seats by party - Fidesz 164, MSzP 178, MDF 24, SzDSz 20
Iceland unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 10 May 2003 (next to be held by May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - Independence Party 33.7%, Social Democratic Alliance 31.0%, Progressive Party 17.7%, Left-Green Alliance 8.8%, Liberal Party 7.4%; seats by party - Independence Party 22, Social Democratic Alliance 20, Progressive Party 12, Left-Green Alliance 5, Liberal Party 4
India bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of the Council of States or Rajya Sabha (a body consisting of not more than 250 members, up to 12 of whom are appointed by the president, the remainder are chosen by the elected members of the state and territorial assemblies; members serve six-year terms) and the People's Assembly or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 elected by popular vote, 2 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) elections: People's Assembly - last held 20 April through 10 May 2004 (next to be held 2009) election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - INC 145, BJP 138, CPI(M) 43, SP 36, RJD 24, BSP 19, DMK 16, SS 12, BJD 11, CPI 10, NCP 9, JDU 8, SAD 8, PMK 6, TDP 5, TRS 5, JMM 5, LJSP 4, MDMK 4, independents 5, other 30
Indonesia unicameral House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (550 seats; members elected to serve five-year terms); House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD), constitutionally mandated role includes providing legislative input to DPR on issues affecting regions; People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) has role in inaugurating and impeaching President and in amending constitution; consists of popularly-elected members in DPR and DPD; MPR does not formulate national policy elections: last held 5 April 2004 (next to be held in April 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Golkar 21.6%, PDI-P 18.5%, PKB 10.6%, PPP 8.2%, PD 7.5%, PKS 7.3%, PAN 6.4%, others 19.9%; seats by party - Golkar 128, PDI-P 109, PPP 58, PD 55, PAN 53, PKB 52, PKS 45, others 50 note: because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the number of votes received by parties
Iran unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami (290 seats, note - changed from 270 seats with the 18 February 2000 election; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 20 February 2004 with a runoff held 7 May 2004 (next to be held February 2008) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - conservatives/Islamists 190, reformers 50, independents 43, religious minorities 5, and 2 seats unaccounted for
Iraq unicameral National Assembly or Mejlis Watani (consisting of 275 members elected by a closed-list, proportional-representation system for the period between the National Assembly election and the formation of a permanent Iraqi government pursuant to the establishment of a permanent constitution) elections: held 30 January 2005 to elect a 275-member Transitional National Assembly that will draft a permanent constitution and pave the way for new national elections at the end of 2005 election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - United Iraqi Alliance 48.2%, Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan 25.7%, Iraqi List 13.8%, others 12.3%; number of seats by party - United Iraqi Alliance 140, Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan 75, Iraqi List 40, others 20
Ireland bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats - 49 elected by the universities and from candidates put forward by five vocational panels, 11 are nominated by the prime minister; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 16 and 17 July 2002 (next to be held by July 2007); House of Representatives - last held 17 May 2002 (next to be held by May 2007) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 30, Fine Gael 15, Labor Party 5, Progressive Democrats 4, independents and others 6; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 41.5%, Fine Gael 22.5%, Labor Party 10.8%, Sinn Fein 6.5%, Progressive Democrats 4.0%, Green Party 3.8%, others 10.9%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 81, Fine Gael 31, Labor Party 21, Progressive Democrats 8, Green Party 6, Sinn Fein 5, others 14
Israel unicameral Knesset (120 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 28 January 2003 (next scheduled to be held fall of 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - Likud Party 29.4%, Labor 14.5%, Shinui 12.3%, Shas 8.2%, National Union 5.5%, Meretz 5.2%, United Torah Judaism 4.3%, National Religious Party 4.2%, Democratic Front for Peace and Equality 3.0%, One Nation 2.8%, National Democratic Assembly 2.3%, Yisra'el Ba'Aliya (YBA) 2.2%, United Arab List 2.1%, Green Leaf Party 1.2%, Herut 1.2%, other 1.6%; seats by party - Likud 38, Labor 19, Shinui 15, Shas 11, National Union 7, Meretz 6, National Religious Party 6, United Torah Judaism 5, Democratic Front for Peace and Equality 3, One Nation 3, National Democratic Assembly 3, YBA 2, United Arab List 2
Italy bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of the Senate or Senato della Repubblica (315 seats elected by popular vote of which 232 are directly elected and 83 are elected by regional proportional representation; in addition, there are a small number of senators-for-life including former presidents of the republic; members serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 475 are directly elected, 155 by regional proportional representation; members serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held May 2006) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - House of Liberties 172 (Forza Italia 77, National Alliance 47, UDC 31, Lega Padana 17), Olive Tree 108 (Democrats of the Left 63, Daisy Alliance 35, Greens 10), Per le Autonomie 10, other 25; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - House of Liberties 337 (Forza Italia 176, National Alliance 97, UDC 36, Northern League 28), Olive Tree 214 (Democrats of the Left 135, Daisy Alliance 79), Rifondazione Communista (Italian Communist Party) 11, other 68
Jamaica bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight seats) and the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 16 October 2002 (next to be held in October 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 52%, JLP 47.3%; seats by party - PNP 34, JLP 26
Japan bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats - members elected for six-year terms; half reelected every three years; 144 members in multi-seat constituencies and 98 by proportional representation) and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members elected for four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies; 180 members by proportional representation in 11 regional blocs) elections: House of Councillors - last held 11 July 2004 (next to be held in July 2007); House of Representatives - last held 11 September 2005 (next election by September 2009) election results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 115, DPJ 82, Komeito 24, JCP 9, SDP 5, others 7; distribution of seats as of October 2004 - LDP 114, DPJ 84, Komeito 24, JCP 9, SDP 5, others 6 House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - LDP 47.8%, DPJ 36.4%, others 15.8%; seats by party - LDP 296, DPJ 113, Komeito 31, JCP 9, SDP 7, others 24 (2005)
Jersey unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting members - 12 senators (elected for 6-year terms), 12 constables or heads of parishes (elected for 3-year terms), 29 deputies (elected for 3-year terms); the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members - the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General, and the Solicitor General all appointed by the monarch) elections: last held NA (next to be held NA) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 53
Jordan bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of the Senate, also called the House of Notables (Majlis al-Ayan) (55 seats; members appointed by the monarch from designated categories of public figures; members serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives, also called the House of Deputies (Majlis al-Nuwaab) (110 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms; note - six seats are reserved for women and are allocated by a special electoral panel if no women are elected) elections: House of Representatives - last held 17 June 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - independents and others 89.6%, Islamic Action Front (IAF) 10.4%; seats by party - independents and others 92, Islamic Action Front 18; note - one of the six quota seats was given to a female IAF candidate note: the House of Representatives has been convened and dissolved by the monarch several times since 1974; in November 1989, the first parliamentary elections in 22 years were held; political parties were not legalized until 1992; King ABDALLAH delayed the 2001 elections until 2003
Kazakhstan bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (39 seats; 7 senators are appointed by the president; other members are popularly elected, two from each of the 14 oblasts, the capital of Astana, and the city of Almaty, to serve six-year terms; note - formerly composed of 47 seats) and the Majilis (77 seats; 10 out of the 77 Majilis members are elected from the winning party's lists; members are popularly elected to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - (indirect) last held 17 September 1999 (next to be held December 2005); Majilis - last held 19 September and 3 October 2004 (next to be held September 2009) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; candidates nominated by local councils; Majilis - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Otan 42, AIST 11, ASAR (All Together) 4, Ak Zhol (Bright Path) 1, Democratic Party 1, independent 18; note - most independent candidates are affiliated with parastatal enterprises and other pro-government institutions
Kenya unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (224 seats; 210 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called "nominated" members who are appointed by the president but selected by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals, 2 ex-officio members) elections: last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held by early 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NARC 125, KANU 64, FORD-P 14, other 7; ex-officio 2; seats appointed by the president - NARC 7, KANU 4, FORD-P 1
Kiribati unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (42 seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member - the attorney general, one appointed to represent Banaba, and one other; members serve four-year terms) elections: first round elections last held 29 November 2002; second round elections held 6 December 2002 (next to be held by November 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - BTK 17, MTM 16, independents 7, other 2 (includes attorney general) note: legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first round on 9 May 2003 and the second round on 14 May 2003
Korea, North unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 3 August 2003 (next to be held in August 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; ruling party approves a list of candidates who are elected without opposition; some seats are held by minor parties
Korea, South unicameral National Assembly or Kukhoe (299 seats - members elected for four-year terms; 243 in single-seat constituencies, 56 by proportional representation elections: last held 15 April 2004 (next to be held in April 2008; byelections held on 30 April 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - Uri 51%, GNP 41%, DLP 3%, DP 3%, others 2%; seats by party - Uri 146, GNP 125, DLP 10, DP 9, ULD 3, independents 6 note: percent of vote is for 2004 general election; seats by party reflect results of 2005 byelections involving six seats; MDP became DP in May 2005 (2005)
Kuwait unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (50 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 6 July 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - Islamists 21, government supporters 14, liberals 3, and independents 12; note - all cabinet ministers are also ex officio members of the National Assembly
Kyrgyzstan bicameral Supreme Council or Jorgorku Kenesh consists of the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - in accordance with a 2003 referendum, the Parliament is slated to become unicameral with 75 deputies after the 27 February 2005 elections elections: Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000; Legislative Assembly - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000; elections for the new unicameral body or Jorgorku Kenesh were held 27 February 2005, but the vast majority of positions remained undecided and were to be contested in a runoff election scheduled for 13 March 2005; election irregularities caused widespread protests that resulted in the president being forced to flee the country; new legislative elections have not yet been rescheduled election results: Assembly of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; and Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - total seats by party in the Supreme Council were as follows: Union of Democratic Forces 12, Communists 6, My Country Party of Action 4, independents 73, other 10 note: the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections; the 2000 election results include both the Assembly of People's Representatives and the Legislative Assembly
Laos unicameral National Assembly (109 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - total number of seats increased from 99 to 109 for the 2002 election) elections: last held 24 February 2002 (next to be held in 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LPRP or LPRP-approved (independent, non-party members) 109
Latvia unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 5 October 2002 (next to be held NA October 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - JL 23.9%, PCTVL 18.9%, TP 16.7%, ZZS 9.5%, First Party 7.6%, LNNK 5.4%; seats by party - JL 26, PCTVL 24, TP 21, ZZS 12, First Party 10, LNNK 7
Lebanon unicameral National Assembly or Majlis Alnuwab (Arabic) or Assemblee Nationale (French) (128 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of sectarian proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held in four rounds on 29 May, 5, 12, 19 June 2005 (next to be held 2009) election results: percent of vote by group - NA; seats by group - Future Movement Bloc 36; Democratic Gathering 15; Development and Resistance Bloc 15; Loyalty to the Resistance 14; Free Patriotic Movement 14; Lebanese Forces 6; Qornet Shewan 5; Popular Bloc 4; Tripoli Independent Bloc 3; Syrian National Socialist Party 2; Kataeb Reform Movement 2; Tachnaq Party 2; Democratic Renewal Movement 1; Democratic Left 1; Nasserite Popular Movement 1; Ba'th Party 1; Kataeb Party 1; independent 5
Lesotho bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 members - 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party) and the Assembly (120 seats, 80 by direct popular vote and 40 by proportional vote; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms); note - number of seats in the Assembly rose from 80 to 120 in the May 2002 election elections: last held 25 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - LCD 54%, BNP 21%, LPC 7%, other 18%; seats by party - LCD 76, BNP 21, LPC 5, other 18
Liberia bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (26 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve nine-year terms) and the House of Representatives (64 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held 11 October 2005); House of Representatives - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held 11 October 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 21, UP 3, ALCOP 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 49, UP 7, ALCOP 3, Alliance of Political Parties 2, UPP 2, LPP 1
Libya unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Liechtenstein unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 and 13 March 2005 (next to be held by NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 48.7%, VU 38.2%, FL 13%; seats by party - FBP 12, VU 10, FL 3
Lithuania unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats, 71 members are directly elected by popular vote, 70 are elected by proportional representation; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 10 and 24 October 2004 (next to be held October 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - Labor 28.6%, Working for Lithuania (Social Democrats and Social Liberals) 20.7%, Homeland Union (Conservatives) 14.6%, For Order and Justice (Liberal Democrats and Lithuanian People's Union) 11.4%, Liberal and Center Union 9.1%, Union of Farmers and New Democracy 6.6%; seats by faction - Labor 39, Homeland Union 25, Social Democrats 20, Liberal and Center Union 18, Social Liberals 11, Union of Farmers and New Democracy Parties 10, Liberal Democrats 10, Electoral Action 2, independents 6
Luxembourg unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 13 June 2004 (next to be held by June 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 36.1%, LSAP 23.4%, DP 16.1%, Green Party 11.6%, ADR 10%; seats by party - CSV 24, LSAP 14, DP 10, Green Party 7, ADR 5 note: there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister
Macau unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (29 seats; 12 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and seven appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 26 September 2005 (next in September 2009) election results: percent of vote - Development Union 12.8%, Macau Development Alliance 9%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16%, New Democratic Macau Association 18.2%, others na; seats by political group - Development Union 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, New Democratic Macau Association 2, New Hope 1, Union Forces 2, others 2; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive
Macedonia unicameral Assembly or Sobranie (120 seats - members elected by popular vote from party lists based on the percentage of the overall vote the parties gain in each of six electoral districts; all serve four-year terms) elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Together for Macedonia coalition 60 (SDSM 43, LDP 12, others 5), VMRO-DPMNE 33 (VMRO 28 and LDT 5), Democratic Union for Integration 16, Democratic Party of Albanians 7, Party for Democratic Prosperity 2, National Democratic Party 1, Socialist Party of Macedonia 1
Madagascar bicameral legislature consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (160 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate or Senat (100 seats; two-thirds of the seats filled by regional assemblies whose members will be elected by popular vote; the remaining one-third of the seats appointed by the president; all members will serve four-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 15 December 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TIM 103, FP 22, AREMA 3, LEADER/Fanilo 2, RPSD 5, others 3, independents 22
Malawi unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 20 May 2004 (next to be held May 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 74, MCP 60, Independents 24, RP 16, others 18, vacancies 1
Malaysia bicameral Parliament or Parlimen consists of the Senate or Dewan Negara (70 seats; 44 appointed by the paramount ruler, 26 appointed by the state legislatures) and the House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (219 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 21 March 2004 (next must be held by 2009) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - BN 91%, DAP 5%, PAS 3%, other 1%; seats by party - BN 199, DAP 12, PAS 6, PKR 1, independent 1
Maldives unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42 elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 22 January 2005 (next to be held NA 2010) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 50
Mali unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 July and 28 July 2002 (next to be held July 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Hope 2002 coalition 66, ADEMA 51, other 30
Malta unicameral House of Representatives (usually 65 seats; note - additional seats are given to the party with the largest popular vote to ensure a legislative majority; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held by April 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - PN 51.7%, MLP 47.6%, AD 0.7%; seats by party - PN 34, MLP 31
Man, Isle of bicameral Tynwald consists of the Legislative Council (an 11-member body composed of the President of Tynwald, the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, a nonvoting attorney general, and 8 others named by the House of Keys) and the House of Keys (24 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Keys - last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held November 2006) election results: House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Man Labor Party 17.3%, Alliance for Progressive Government 14.6%; seats by party - Man Labor Party 2, Alliance for Progressive Government 3, independents 19
Marshall Islands unicameral Parliament or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held not later than November 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA note: the Council of Chiefs is a 12-member body that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice
Martinique unicameral General Council or Conseil General (45 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Assembly or Conseil Regional (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Assembly - last held on 28 March 2004 (next to be held by March 2010) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - left-wing candidates 13, PPM 11, RPR 6, right-wing candidates 5, PCM 3, UDF 3, PMS 2, independents 2; note - the PPM won a plurality; Regional Assembly (second round) - percent of vote by party - MIM 53.8%, PPM 30.6%; seats by party - MIM 28, PPM 9, other 4 note: Martinique elects 2 seats to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 2001 (next to be held September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPM 2; Martinique also elects 4 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held not later than June 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, PS 1, MIM 1, left-wing candidate 1 (candidacy of the left-wing candidate was found invalid by the Constitutional Council; new elections will be called)
Mauritania bicameral legislature consists of the Senate or Majlis al-Shuyukh (56 seats, a part of the seats up for election every two years; members elected by municipal leaders to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly or Majlis al-Watani (81 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 9 and 16 April 2004 (next to be held April 2006); National Assembly - last held 19 and 26 October 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - PRDS 79%, RDU 3.5%, UDP 3.5%, AC 5%, UFP 3.5%, FP 1.5%; seats by party - PRDS 64, UDP 3, RDU 3, AC 4, RFD 3, UFP 3, and FP 1
Mauritius unicameral National Assembly (66 seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held September 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
Mayotte unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 21 and 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - MDM 23.3%, UMP 22.8%, PS 10.2%, MRC 8.9%, FRAP 6.5%, MPM 1.2%; seats by party - MDM 6, UMP 9, MRC 2, MPM 1, diverse left 1 note: Mayotte elects one member of the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 16 June 2002 (next to be held as a special election in June 2005); results - percent of vote by party - UMP-RPR 55.08%, UDF 44.92%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1
Mexico bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote) and the Federal Chamber of Deputies or Camara Federal de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are directly elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote, also for three-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 2 July 2000 for all of the seats (next to be held 2 July 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 6 July 2003 (next to be held 2 July 2006) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 60, PAN 46, PRD 16, PVEM 5, unassigned 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 222, PAN 151, PRD 95, PVEM 17, PT 6, CD 5, unassigned 4; note - special elections were held in December 2003; the PRI and the PRD each won one seat and were each assigned one additional proportional representation seat
Micronesia, Federated States of unicameral Congress (14 seats; four - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms; members elected by popular vote) elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 4 March 2003 (next to be held March 2007); elections for two-year term seats last held 8 March 2005 (next to be held March 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14
Moldova unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; parties and electoral blocs elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 6 March 2005 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - PCRM 46.1%, Democratic Moldova Bloc 28.4%, PPCD 9.1%, other parties 16.4%; seats by party - PCRM 56, Democratic Moldova Bloc 34, PPCD 11
Monaco unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Mongolia unicameral State Great Hural 76 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms elections: last held 27 June 2004 (next to be held in June 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - MPRP 48.78%, MDC 44.8%, independents 3.5%, Republican Party 1.5%, others 1.42%; seats by party - MPRP 36, MDC 34, others 4; note - following June 2004 election, two seats in dispute and unoccupied
Montserrat unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 9 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms) note: expanded in 2001 from 7 to 9 elected members with attorney general and financial secretary sitting as ex-officio members elections: last held April 2001 (next to be held by November 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPLM 7, NPP 2 note: in 2001, the Elections Commission instituted a single constituency/voter-at-large system whereby all eligible voters cast ballots for all nine seats of the Legislative Council
Morocco bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Chamber of Counselors (270 seats; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates for nine-year terms; one-third of the members are renewed every three years) and a lower house or Chamber of Representatives (325 seats; 295 by multi-seat constituencies and 30 from national lists of women; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Counselors - last held 6 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2006); Chamber of Representatives - last held 27 September 2002 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RNI 42, MDS 33, UC 28, MP 27, PND 21, PI 21, USFP 16, MNP 15, PA 13, FFD 12, other 42; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - USFP 50, PI 48, PJD 42, RNI 41, MP 27, MNP 18, UC 16, PND 12, PPS 11, UD 10, other 50
Mozambique unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 62%, Renamo 29.7%; seats by party - Frelimo 160, Renamo 90
Namibia bicameral legislature consists of the National Council (26 seats; two members are chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Council - elections for regional councils, to determine members of the National Council, held 15-16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2009); National Assembly - last held 15-16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2009) election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SWAPO 55, COD 5, DTA 4, UDF 3, MAG 1, other 4 note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body
Nauru unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held not later than May 2006) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - Nauru First Party 3, independents 15
Nepal
bicameral Parliament consists of the National Council (60 seats; 35 appointed by the House of Representatives, 10 by the king, and 15 elected by an electoral college; one-third of the members elected every two years to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (205 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 3 and 17 May 1999 (next election NA); note - Nepal's Parliament was dissolved on 22 May 2002 election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NC 37.3%, CPN/UML 31.6%, NDP 10.4%, NSP 3.2%, Rastriya Jana Morcha 1.4%, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 0.8%, NWPP 0.5%, others 14.8%; seats by party - NC 113, CPN/UML 69, NDP 11, NSP 5, Rastriya Jana Morcha 5, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 1, NWPP 1
Netherlands bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of the First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils for four-year terms) and the Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: First Chamber - last held 25 May 2003 (next to be held May 2007); Second Chamber - last held 22 January 2003 (next to be held May 2007) election results: First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDA 23, PvdA 19, VVD 15, Green Party 5, Socialist Party 4, D66 3, other 6; Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - CDA 28.6%, PvdA 27.3%, VVD 12.9%, Socialist Party 6.3%, List Pim Fortuyn 5.7%, Green Party 5.1%, D66 4.1%; seats by party - CDA 44, PvdA 42, VVD 28, Socialist Party 9, List Pim Fortuyn 8, Green Party 8, D66 6, other 5
Netherlands Antilles unicameral States or Staten (22 seats - Curacao 14, Bonaire 3, St. Maarten 3, St. Eustatius 1, Saba 1; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held in 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, PLKP 2, DP St. M 2, UP Bonaire 2, WIPM 1, DP note: the government of Prime Minister Etienne YS is a coalition of several parties; current government formed after collapse of FOL led government on 4 April 2004
New Caledonia unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members belong to the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 May 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR-UMP 16, AE 16, UNI-FLNKS 8, UC 7, FN 4, others 3 note: New Caledonia currently holds 1 seat in the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held not later than September 2007; between now and 2010 New Caledonia will gain a second seat in the French Senate); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held by June 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP 2
New Zealand unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; 69 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, and 51 proportional seats chosen from party lists, all to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 17 September 2005 (next to be held not later than 15 November 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NZLP 41.1%, NP 39.1%, NZFP 5.72%, Green Party 5.3%, Maori 2.12%, UF 2.67%, ACT New Zealand 1.51%, Progressive 1.16%; seats by party - NZLP 50, NP 48, NZFP 7, Green Party 6, Maori 4, UF 3, ACT New Zealand 2, Progressive 1 note: results of 2005 election saw the total number of seats increase to 121 because the Maori Party won one more electorate seat than its entitlement under the party vote
Nicaragua unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 seats; members are elected by proportional representation and party lists to serve five-year terms; one seat for previous President, one seat for runner-up in previous Presidential election elections: last held 4 November 2001 (next to be held by November 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - Liberal Alliance (ruling party - includes PCCN, PLC, PALI, PLIUN, and PUCA) 46.03%, FSLN 36.55%, PCN 2.12%; seats by party - Liberal Alliance 53, FSLN 38, PCN 1
Niger unicameral National Assembly (113 seats; note - expanded from 83 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held 4 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD 47, CDS 22, PNDS 17, RSD 7, RDP 6, ANDP 5, Party for Socialism and Democracy in Niger 1, other 8
Nigeria bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (109 seats - 3 from each state plus one from Abuja, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (346 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007); House of Representatives - last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 53.7%, ANPP 27.9%, AD 9.7%; seats by party - PDP 76, ANPP 27, AD 6; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 54.5%, ANPP 27.4%, AD 8.8%, other 9.3%; seats by party - PDP 223, ANPP 96, AD 34, other 6; note - one seat is vacant
Niue unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held 30 April 2005 (next to be held April 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Norfolk Island unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
Northern Mariana Islands bicameral Legislature consists of the Senate (9 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year staggered terms) and the House of Representatives (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 1 November 2003 (next to be held 5 November 2005); House of Representatives - last held 1 November 2003 (next to be held 5 November 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Covenant Party 9, Republican Party 7, Democratic Party 1, independent 1 note: the Northern Mariana Islands does not have a nonvoting delegate in the US Congress; instead, it has an elected official or "resident representative" located in Washington, DC; seats by party - Republican Party 1 (Pedro A. TENORIO)
Norway modified unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members are elected by popular vote by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 12 September 2005 (next to be held September 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Labor Party 32.7%, Progress Party 22.1%, Conservative Party 14.1%, Socialist Left Party 8.8%, Christian People's Party 6.8%, Center Party 6.5%, Liberal Party 5.9%, Red Electoral Alliance 1.2%, other 1.9%; seats by party - Labor Party 61, Progress Party 38, Conservative Party 23, Socialist Left Party 15, Christian People's Party 11, Center Party 11, Liberal Party 10 note: for certain purposes, the parliament divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting
Oman bicameral Majlis Oman consists of an upper chamber or Majlis al-Dawla (58 seats; members appointed by the monarch; has advisory powers only) and a lower chamber or Majlis al-Shura (83 seats; members elected by universal suffrage for four-year term; body has some limited power to propose legislation, but otherwise has only advisory powers) elections: last held 4 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: NA
Pakistan bicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (100 seats - formerly 87; members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies to serve four-year terms; and the National Assembly (342 seats - formerly 217; 60 seats represent women; 10 seats represent minorities; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 24 and 27 February 2003 (next to be held by February 2007); National Assembly - last held 10 October 2002 (next to be held by October 2006) election results: Senate results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PML/Q 40, PPPP 11, MMA 21, MQM/A 6, PML/N 4, NA 3, PML/F 1, PkMAP 2, ANP 2, PPP/S 2, JWP 1, BNP-Awami 1, BNP-Mengal 1, BNM/H 1, independents 4; National Assembly results - percent of votes by party - NA%; seats by party - PML/Q 126, PPPP 81, MMA 63, PML/N 19, MQM/A 17, NA 16, PML/F 5, PML/J 3, PPP/S 2, BNP 1, JWP 1, PAT 1, PML/Z 1, PTI 1, MQM/H 1, PkMAP 1, independents 3
Palau bicameral Parliament or Olbiil Era Kelulau (OEK) consists of the Senate (9 seats; members elected by popular vote on a population basis to serve four-year terms) and the House of Delegates (16 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008); House of Delegates - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: Senate - percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (four new members elected); House of Delegates - percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 16 (one new member elected)
Panama unicameral National Assembly (formerly called Legislative Assembly) or Asamblea Nacional (78 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - in 2009, the number of seats will change to 71) elections: last held 2 May 2004 (next to be held 3 May 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 40, PA 17, PS 8, MOLIRENA 3, CD 2, PP 2, PLN 1, other 5 note: legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen on a plurality basis while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula
Papua New Guinea unicameral National Parliament - sometimes referred to as the House of Assembly (109 seats, 89 elected from open electorates and 20 from provincial electorates; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 15-29 June 2002 and April and May 2003; completed in May 2003 (voting in the Southern Highlands was not completed during the June 2002 election period); next to be held not later than June 2007 election results: percent of vote by party - National Alliance 18%, URP 13%, PDM 12%, PPP 8%, Pangu 6%, PAP 5%, PLP 4%, others 34%; seats by party - National Alliance 19, URP 14, PDM 13, PPP 8, PANGU 6, PAP 5, PLP 4, others 40; note - association with political parties is fluid (2003)
Paraguay bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 27 April 2003 (next to be held April 2008); Chamber of Deputies - last held 27 April 2003 (next to be held April 2008) election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ANR 16, PLRA 12, UNACE 7, PQ 7, PPS 2, PEN 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ANR 37, PLRA 21, UNACE 10, PQ 10, PPS 2
Peru unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 8 April 2001 (next to be held 9 April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - PP 26.3%, APRA 19.7%, UN 13.8%, FIM 11.0%, others 29.2%; seats by party - PP 47, APRA 28, UN 17, FIM 11, others 17
Philippines bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years; members elected at large by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (212 members representing districts plus 24 sectoral party-list members; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; note - the Constitution prohibits the House of Representatives from having more than 250 members) elections: Senate - last held 10 May 2004 (next to be held in May 2007); House of Representatives - elections last held 10 May 2004 (next to be held in May 2007) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - Lakas 30%, LP 13%, KNP 13%, independents 17%, others 27%; seats by party - Lakas 7, LP 3, KNP (coalition) 3, independents 4, others 6; note - there are 23 rather than 24 sitting senators because one senator was elected Vice President; 14 senators are pro-government, 9 are in opposition; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Lakas 93, NPC 53, LP 34, LDP 11, others 20; party-listers 24; note - there are 211 rather than 212 sitting representatives because one was appointed Secretary of Tourism (2004)
Pitcairn Islands unicameral Island Council (10 seats - 5 elected by popular vote, 1 nominated by the 5 elected members, 2 appointed by the governor including 1 seat for the Island Secretary, the Island Mayor, and a commissioner liaising between the governor and council; elected members serve one-year terms) elections: last held 15 December 2004 (next to be held December 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - all independents
Poland bicameral legislature consisting of an upper house, the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members are elected by a majority vote on a provincial basis to serve four-year terms), and a lower house, the Sejm (460 seats; members are elected under a complex system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms); the designation of National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the two houses meet jointly elections: Senate - last held 25 September 2005 (next to be held by September 2009); Sejm elections last held September 25 2005 (next to be held by September 2009) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PiS 49, PO 34, LPR 7, SO 3, PSL 2, independents 5; Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 27%, PO 24.1%, SO 11.4%, SLD 11.3%, LPR 8%, PSL 7%, other 11.2%; seats by party - PiS 155, PO 133, SO 56, SLD 55, LPR 34, PSL 25, German minorities 2 note: two seats are assigned to ethnic minority parties in the Sejm only
Portugal unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 20 February 2005 (next to be held February 2009); note - President SAMPAIO called for early elections after dissolving parliament on 10 December 2004 because he lacked confidence in the four-month center-right government election results: percent of vote by party - PS 45.1%, PSD 28.7%, CDU 7.6%, PP 7.3%, BE 6.4%; seats by party - PS 121, PSD 75, CDU 14, PP 12, BE 8
Puerto Rico bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (at least 27 seats - currently 29; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (51 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008); House of Representatives - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PNP 43.4%, PPD 40.3%, PIP 9.4%; seats by party - PNP 17, PPD 9, PIP 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PNP 46.3%, PPD 43.1%, PIP 9.7%; seats by party - PNP 32, PPD 18, PIP 1 note: Puerto Rico elects, by popular vote, a resident commissioner to serve a four-year term as a nonvoting representative in the US House of Representatives; aside from not voting on the House floor, he enjoys all the rights of a member of Congress; elections last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008); results - percent of vote by party - PNP 48.6%; seats by party - PNP 1; Luis FORTUNO elected resident commissioner
Qatar unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed) note: no legislative elections have been held since 1970 when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every four years since; the new constitution, which came into force on 8 June 2004, provides for a 45-member Consultative Council, or Majlis al-Shura; the public would elect two-thirds of the Majlis al-Shura; the amir would appoint the remaining members
Reunion unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2010) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council (second round) - percent of vote by party - PCR 44.9%, UMP 32.8%, PS-Greens 22.3%; seats by party - PCR 27, UMP 11, PS-Greens 7 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1
Romania bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (137 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Adunarea Deputatilor (332 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 28 November 2004 (next to be held 28 November 2008); Chamber of Deputies - last held 28 November 2004 (next to be held 28 November 2008) election results: Senate - percent of vote by alliance/party - PSD-PUR 37.1%, PNL-PD 31.8%, PRM 13.6%, UDMR 6.2%; seats by party - PSD 46, PNL 28, PD 21, PRM 21, PUR 11, UMDR 10; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by alliance/party - PSD-PUR 36.6%, PNL-PD 31.3%%, PRM 12.9%, UDMR 6.2%; seats by party - PSD 113, PNL 64, PD 48, PRM 48, UDMR 22, PUR 19, ethnic minorities 18
Russia bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of the Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (178 seats; as of July 2000, members appointed by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 89 federal administrative units - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg; members serve four-year terms) and the State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats; currently 225 seats elected by proportional representation from party lists winning at least 5% of the vote, and 225 seats from single-member constituencies; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: State Duma - last held 7 December 2003 (next to be held NA December 2007) election results: State Duma - percent of vote received by parties clearing the 5% threshold entitling them to a proportional share of the 225 party list seats - United Russia 37.1%, CPRF 12.7%, LDPR 11.6%, Motherland 9.1%; seats by party - United Russia 222, CPRF 53, LDPR 38, Motherland 37, People's Party 19, Yabloko 4, SPS 2, other 7, independents 65, repeat election required 3
Rwanda unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (53 seats; members elected by direct vote) elections: last held 29 September 2003 (next to be held Chamber of Deputies - NA 2008; Senate - NA 2011) election results: seats by party under the 2003 Constitution - RPF 40, PSD 7, PL 6
Saint Helena unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held June 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Saint Kitts and Nevis unicameral National Assembly (14 seats, 3 appointed and 11 popularly elected from single-member constituencies; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 25 October 2004 (next to be held by 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SKNLP 7, CCM 2, NRP 1, PAM 1
Saint Lucia bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; six members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members are elected by popular vote from single-member constituencies to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Assembly - last held 3 December 2001 (next to be held in December 2006) election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - SLP 55%, UWP 37%, NA 3.5%; seats by party - SLP 14, UWP 3
Saint Pierre and Miquelon unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators; representatives are elected by popular vote from single-member constituencies to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 28 March 2001 (next to be held by July 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ULP 12, NDP 3
Samoa unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats - 47 elected by voters affiliated with traditional village-based electoral districts, 2 elected by independent, mostly non-Samoan or part-Samoan, voters who cannot, (or choose not to) establish a village affiliation; only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Fono from the 47 village-based electorates; members serve five-year terms) elections: election last held 3 March 2001 (next election to be held not later than March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HRPP 30, SNDP 13, independents 6
San Marino unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1
Sao Tome and Principe unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 3 March 2002 (next to be held March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP 39.6%, Force for Change Democratic Movement 39.4%, Ue-Kedadji coalition 16.2%; seats by party - MLSTP 24, Force for Change Democratic Movement 23, Ue-Kedadji coalition 8
Saudi Arabia Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (120 members and a chairman appointed by the monarch for four-year terms)
Senegal unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
Serbia and Montenegro unicameral Parliament (126 seats - 91 Serbian, 35 Montenegrin - filled by nominees of the two state parliaments for the first two years, after which the Constitutional Charter calls for direct elections elections: last held 25 February 2003 (next to be held 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Serbian parties: SRS 30, DSS 20, DS 13, G17 Plus 12, SPO-NS 8, SPS 8; Montenegrin parties: DPS 15, SNP 9, SDP 4, DSS 3, NS 2, LSCG 2
Seychelles unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats - 25 elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least 10% of the vote; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 4-6 December 2002 (next to be held by 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - SPPF 54.3%, SNP 42.6%, DP 3.1%; seats by party - SPPF 23, SNP 11 note: the 9 awarded seats are apportioned according to the percentage that each party won of the total vote
Sierra Leone unicameral Parliament (124 seats - 112 elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - SLPP 70.06%, APC 22.35%, PLP 3%, others 4.59%; seats by party - SLPP 83, APC 27, PLP 2
Singapore unicameral Parliament (84 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - in addition, there are up to nine nominated members; the losing opposition candidate who came closest to winning a seat may be appointed as a "nonconstituency" member elections: last held 3 November 2001 (next to be held not later than 25 June 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 75.3% (in contested constituencies), other 24.7%; seats by party - PAP 82, WP 1, SPP 1
Slovakia unicameral National Council of the Slovak Republic or Narodna Rada Slovenskej Republiky (150 seats; members are elected on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 20-21 September 2002 (next to be held September 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - HZDS-LS 19.5%, SDKU 15.1%, Smer 13.5%, SMK 11.2%, KDH 8.3%, ANO 8%, KSS 6.3%; seats by party - governing coalition 69 (SDKU 22, SMK 20, KDH 15, ANO 12), opposition 81 (HZDS 26, Smer 25, KSS 9, Free Forum 6, People's Union 5, and independents 10)
Slovenia bicameral Parliament consisting of a National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 40 are directly elected and 50 are selected on a proportional basis; note - the numbers of directly elected and proportionally elected seats varies with each election; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the National Council or Drzavni Svet (this is primarily an advisory body organized on corporatist principles with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws, ask to review any National Assembly decisions, and call national referenda; members are indirectly elected to five-year terms by an electoral college) elections: National Assembly - last held 3 October 2004 (next to be held October 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - SDS 29.1%, LDS 22.8%, ZLSD 10.2%, NSi 9%, SLS 6.8%, SNS 6.3%, DeSUS 4.1%, other 11.7%; seats by party - SDS 29, LDS 23, ZLSD 10, NSi 9, SLS 7, SNS 6, DeSUS 4, Hungarian and Italian minorities 1 each
Solomon Islands unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members elected from single-member constituencies by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 5 December 2001 (next to be held not later than December 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 40%, SIACC 40%, PPP 20%; seats by party - PAP 16, SIACC 13, PPP 2, SILP 1, independents 18
Somalia unicameral National Assembly note: fledgling parliament; a 275-member Transitional Federal Assembly; the new parliament consists of 61 seats assigned to each of four large clan groups (Darod, Digil-Mirifle, Dir, and Hawiye) with the remaining 31 seats divided between minority clans
South Africa bicameral Parliament consisting of the National Assembly (400 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional representation to serve five-year terms) and the National Council of Provinces (90 seats, 10 members elected by each of the nine provincial legislatures for five-year terms; has special powers to protect regional interests, including the safeguarding of cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities); note - following the implementation of the new constitution on 3 February 1997 the former Senate was disbanded and replaced by the National Council of Provinces with essentially no change in membership and party affiliations, although the new institution's responsibilities have been changed somewhat by the new constitution elections: National Assembly and National Council of Provinces - last held 14 April 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 69.7%, DA 12.4%, IFP 7%, UDM 2.3%, NNP 1.7%, ACDP 1.6%, other 5.3%; seats by party - ANC 279, DA 50, IFP 28, UDM 9, NNP 7, ACDP 6, other 21; National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Spain bicameral; General Courts or National Assembly or Las Cortes Generales consists of the Senate or Senado (259 seats - 208 members directly elected by popular vote and the other 51 appointed by the regional legislatures to serve four-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; members are elected by popular vote on block lists by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 14 March 2004 (next to be held March 2008); Congress of Deputies - last held 14 March 2004 (next to be held March 2008) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PP 49%, PSOE 38.9%, Entesa Catalona de Progress 5.7%, CiU 1.99%, PNV 2.8%, CC 1.4%; seats by party - PP 102, PSOE 81, Entesa Catalona de Progress 12, CiU 4, PNV 6, CC 3; Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 43.3%, PP 37.8%, CiU 3.2%, ERC 2.5%, PNV 1.6%, IU 3.2%, CC 0.9%; seats by party - PSOE 164, PP 148, CiU 10, ERC 8, PNV 7, IU 2, CC 3, other 8
Sri Lanka unicameral Parliament (225 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of a modified proportional representation system by district to serve six-year terms) elections: last held 2 April 2004 (next to be held by 2010) election results: percent of vote by party or electoral alliance - SLFP and JVP 45.6%, UNP 37.83%, TNA 6.84%, JHU 5.97%, SLMC 2.02%, UPF 0.54%, EPDP 0.27%, others 0.93%; seats by party or electoral alliance - SLFP and JVP 105, UNP 82, TNA 22, JHU 9, SLMC 5, UPF 1, EPDP 1
Sudan unicameral National Assembly (360 seats; 270 popularly elected, 90 elected by supra assembly of interest groups known as National Congress; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 13-22 December 2000 (next to be held NA) election results: NCP 355, others 5
Suriname unicameral National Assembly or Nationale Assemblee (51 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 25 May 2005 (next to be held May 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - NF 41.2%, NDP 23.1%, VVV 14.5%, A-Com 7.3%, A1 6.2%, other 5.9%; seats by party - NF 23, NDP 15, VVV 5, A-Com 5, A1 3
Swaziland bicameral Parliament or Libandla, an advisory body, consists of the Senate (30 seats - 10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats - 10 appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms) elections: House of Assembly - last held 18 October 2003 (next to be held October 2008) election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round
Sweden unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held September 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 39.8%, Moderates 15.2%, Liberal Party 13.3%, Christian Democrats 9.1%, Left Party 8.3%, Center Party 6.1%, Greens 4.6%; seats by party - Social Democrats 144, Moderates 55, Liberal Party 48, Christian Democrats 33, Left Party 30, Center Party 22, Greens 17
Switzerland bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblee Federale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of the Council of States or Standerat (in German), Conseil des Etats (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats - members serve four-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats - members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Council of States - last held in most cantons 19 October 2003 (each canton determines when the next election will be held); National Council - last held 19 October 2003 (next to be held October 2007) election results: Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CVP 15, FDP 14, SVP 8, SPS 6, other 3; National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 26.6%, SPS 23.3%, FDP 17.3%, CVP 14.4%, Greens 7.4%, other small parties all under 5%; seats by party - SVP 55, SPS 54, FDP 36, CVP 28, Green Party 13, other small parties 14
Syria unicameral People's Council or Majlis al-Shaab (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 2-3 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NPF 67%, independents 33%; seats by party - NPF 167, independents 83; note - the constitution guarantees that the Ba'th Party (part of the NPF alliance) receives one-half of the seats
Taiwan unicameral Legislative Yuan (225 seats - 168 elected by popular vote, 41 elected on basis of proportion of islandwide votes received by participating political parties, 8 elected from overseas Chinese constituencies on basis of proportion of island-wide votes received by participating political parties, 8 elected by popular vote among aboriginal populations; members serve three-year terms) and unicameral National Assembly (300 seat nonstanding body; delegates nominated by parties and elected by proportional representation six to nine months after Legislative Yuan calls to amend Constitution, impeach president, or change national borders) note: as a result of constitutional amendments approved by the National Assembly on 7 June 2005, the number of seats in the legislature will be reduced from 225 to 113 beginning with the election in 2007; the amendments also eliminate the National Assembly, thus giving Taiwan a unicameral legislature elections: Legislative Yuan - last held 11 December 2004 (next to be held in December 2007); National Assembly - last held 14 May 2005 election results: Legislative Yuan - percent of vote by party - DPP 38%, KMT 35%, PFP 15%, TSU 8%, other parties and independents 4%; seats by party - DPP 89, KMT 79, PFP 34, TSU 12, other parties 7, independents 4; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - DPP 42.5%, KMT 38.9%, TSU 7%, PFP 6%, others 6.6%; seats by party - DPP 127, KMT 117, TSU 21, PFP 18, others 17 (2005)
Tajikistan bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 February and 13 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2010) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005) election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 74%, CPT 13%, Islamic Revival Party 8%, other 5%; seats by party - PDPT 49, CPT 4, Islamic Revival Party 2, independents 5, vacant 3; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Tanzania unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held 30 October 2005) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16
Thailand bicameral National Assembly or Rathasapha consists of the Senate or Wuthisapha (200 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (500 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 4 March, 29 April, 4 June, 9 July, and 22 July 2000 (next to be held by March 2006); House of Representatives - last held 6 February 2005 (next to be held in February 2009) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TRT 376, DP 97, TNP 25, PP 2
Togo unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSDD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal
Tokelau unicameral General Fono (21 seats; based upon proportional representation from the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; Nukunonu has 6 seats, Fakaofo has 7 seats, Atafu has 8 seats); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono elections: last held January 2002 (next to be held January 2005)
Tonga unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
Trinidad and Tobago bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the President, 6 by the opposition party for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 October 2002 (next to be held by October 2007) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - PNM 55.5%, UNC 44.5%; seats by party - PNM 20, UNC 16 note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly with 12 members serving four-year terms
Tunisia unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (189 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 24 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RCD 152, MDS 14, PUP 11, UDU 7, Al-Tajdid 3, PSL 2
Turkey unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 3 November 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); note - a special rerun of the General Election in the province of Siirt on 9 March 2003 resulted in the election of Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN to a seat in parliament, a prerequisite for becoming prime minister, on 14 March 2003 election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 34.3%, CHP 19.4%, DYP 9.6%, MHP 8.3%, ANAP 5.1%, DSP 1.1%, and others; seats by party - AKP 363, CHP 178, independents 9; note - parties surpassing the 10% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; seats by party as of 1 December 2004 - AKP 368, CHP 171, DYP 4, LDP 1, independents 5, vacant 1
Turkmenistan under the 1992 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council or Halk Maslahaty (supreme legislative body of up to 2,500 delegates, some of whom are elected by popular vote and some of whom are appointed; meets at least yearly) and a unicameral Parliament or Mejlis (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: People's Council - last held in April 2003; Mejlis - last held 19 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009) election results: Mejlis - DPT 100%; seats by party - DPT 50; note - all 50 elected officials are members of the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan and are preapproved by President NIYAZOV note: in late 2003, a new law was adopted, reducing the powers of the Mejlis and making the Halk Maslahaty the supreme legislative organ; the Halk Maslahaty can now legally dissolve the Mejlis, and the president is now able to participate in the Mejlis as its supreme leader; the Mejlis can no longer adopt or amend the constitution, or announce referendums or its elections; since the president is both the "Chairman for Life" of the Halk Maslahaty and the supreme leader of the Mejlis, the 2003 law has the effect of making him the sole authority of both the executive and legislative branches of government
Turks and Caicos Islands unicameral Legislative Council (19 seats of which 13 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 24 April 2003 (next to be held in 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PDM 53.8%, PNP 46.2%; seats by party - PDM 7, PNP 6; note - in by-elections held 7 August 2003, the PNP gained two seats for a majority of 8 seats; PDM now has 5
Tuvalu unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Uganda unicameral National Assembly (303 members - 214 directly elected by popular vote, 81 nominated by legally established special interest groups [women 56, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5], 8 ex officio members; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 26 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006); election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - election campaigning by party was not permitted
Ukraine unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; under recent amendments to Ukraine's election law, the Rada's seats are allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that gain 3% or more of the national electoral vote; members serve five-year terms beginning with the next election in 2006) elections: last held 31 March 2002 (next to be held March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party/bloc - Our Ukraine 24%, CPU 20%, United Ukraine 12%, SPU 7%, Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc 7%, United Social Democratic Party 6%, other 24%; seats by party/bloc - Our Ukraine 101, Regions of Ukraine 61, CPU 59, Working Ukraine 14, United Social Democratic Party 33, Agrarian Party 22, SPU 20, Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc 19, United Ukraine 19, People's Democratic Party-Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs 16, Center Group 15, Democratic Initiatives 14, unaffiliated 57 (December 2004) note: following the election, United Ukraine splintered into the Agrarian Party, European Choice, People's Choice, People's Democratic Party, Regions of Ukraine, and Working Ukraine-Industrialists and Entrepreneurs; these factions have since undergone a number of changes
United Arab Emirates unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states to serve two-year terms) elections: none note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto
United Kingdom bicameral Parliament comprised of House of Lords (consists of approximately 500 life peers, 92 hereditary peers and 26 clergy) and House of Commons (646 seats since 2005 elections; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier) elections: House of Lords - no elections (note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain there; pending further reforms, elections are held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise); House of Commons - last held 5 May 2005 (next to be held by May 2010) election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Labor 35.2%, Conservative 32.3%, Liberal Democrats 22%, other 10.5%; seats by party - Labor 356, Conservative 197, Liberal Democrat 62, other 31; note - as of 30 September 2005 the seats by party - Labor 354, Conservative 196, Liberal Democrat 62, other 34 note: in 1998 elections were held for a Northern Ireland Assembly (because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer of power from London to Northern Ireland came only at the end of 1999 and has been suspended four times the latest occurring in October 2002); in 1999 there were elections for a new Scottish Parliament and a new Welsh Assembly
United States bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats, one-third are renewed every two years; two members are elected from each state by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); House of Representatives - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 55, Democratic Party 44, independent 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 231, Democratic Party 200, undecided 4
Uruguay bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009) election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - EP-FA 16, Blanco 11, Colorado Party 3; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - EP-FA 52, Blanco 36, Colorado Party 10, Independent Party 1
Uzbekistan bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of an Upper House or Senate (100 seats; 84 members are elected by regional governing councils to serve five-year terms and 16 are appointed by the president) and a Lower House or Legislative Chamber (120 seats; elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 26 December 2004 and 9 January 2005 (next to be held December 2009) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LDPU 41, NDP 32, Fidokorlar 17, MTP 11, Adolat 9, unaffiliated 10 note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President KARIMOV
Vanuatu unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 6 July 2004 (next to be held 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP 8, VP 8, NUP 10, VRP 4, MPP 3, VGP 3, other and independent 16; note - political party associations are fluid note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language
Venezuela unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (165 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; three seats reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela) elections: last held 30 July 2000 (next to be held July 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - pro-government 108 (MVR 92, MAS 6, indigenous 3, other 7), opposition 57 (AD 33, COPEI 6, Justice First 5, other 13)
Vietnam unicameral National Assembly or Quoc-Hoi (498 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 19 May 2002 (next to be held 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - CPV 90%, other 10% (the 10% are not CPV members but are approved by the CPV to stand for election); seats by party - CPV 447, CPV-approved 51
Virgin Islands unicameral Senate (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) elections: last held 6 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Democratic Party 10, ICM 2, independent 3 note: the Virgin Islands elects one non-voting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 6 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November 2004); results - Donna M. CHRISTIAN-CHRISTENSON (Democrat) reelected
Wallis and Futuna unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (20 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 11 March 2002 (next to be held March 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR and affiliates 13, Socialists and affiliates 7 note: Wallis and Futuna elects one senator to the French Senate and one deputy to the French National Assembly; French Senate - elections last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held by September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats - RPR (now UMP) 1; French National Assembly - elections last held 16 June 2002 (next to be held by NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats - RPR (UMP) 1
Yemen a new constitutional amendment ratified on 20 February 2001 created a bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the president) and a House of Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: last held 27 April 2003 (next to be held NA April 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - GPC 228, Islah 47, YSP 7, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 2, independents 14
Zambia unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 December 2001 (next to be held December 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - MMD 45.9%, UPND 32.4%, UNIP 8.8%, FDD 8.1%, HP 2.7%, PF 0.7%, ZRP 0.7%, independents 0.7%; seats by party - MMD 68, UPND 48, UNIP 13, FDD 12, HP 4, PF 1, ZRP 1, independents 1; seats not determined 2
Zimbabwe unicameral House of Assembly (150 seats - 120 elected by popular vote for five-year terms, 12 nominated by the president, 10 occupied by traditional chiefs chosen by their peers, and 8 occupied by provincial governors appointed by the president) elections: last held 31 March 2005 (next to be held NA 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 59.6%, MDC 39.5%, other 0.9%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 78, MDC 41, Independents 1
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2102 Life expectancy at birth (years)
Afghanistan total population: 42.9 years male: 42.71 years female: 43.1 years (2005 est.)
Albania total population: 77.24 years male: 74.6 years female: 80.15 years (2005 est.)
Algeria total population: 73 years male: 71.45 years female: 74.63 years (2005 est.)
American Samoa total population: 75.84 years male: 72.27 years female: 79.62 years (2005 est.)
Andorra total population: 83.51 years male: 80.6 years female: 86.6 years (2005 est.)
Angola total population: 38.43 years male: 37.28 years female: 39.64 years (2005 est.)
Anguilla total population: 77.11 years male: 74.18 years female: 80.12 years (2005 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda total population: 71.9 years male: 69.53 years female: 74.38 years (2005 est.)
Argentina total population: 75.91 years male: 72.17 years female: 79.85 years (2005 est.)
Armenia total population: 71.55 years male: 67.97 years female: 75.75 years (2005 est.)
Aruba total population: 79.14 years male: 75.8 years female: 82.65 years (2005 est.)
Australia total population: 80.39 years male: 77.52 years female: 83.4 years (2005 est.)
Austria total population: 78.92 years male: 76.03 years female: 81.96 years (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan total population: 63.35 years male: 59.24 years female: 67.66 years (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The total population: 65.54 years male: 62.11 years female: 69.04 years (2005 est.)
Bahrain total population: 74.23 years male: 71.76 years female: 76.78 years (2005 est.)
Bangladesh total population: 62.08 years male: 62.13 years female: 62.02 years (2005 est.)
Barbados total population: 72.59 years male: 70.6 years female: 74.6 years (2005 est.)
Belarus total population: 68.72 years male: 63.03 years female: 74.69 years (2005 est.)
Belgium total population: 78.62 years male: 75.44 years female: 81.94 years (2005 est.)
Belize total population: 68.44 years male: 66.54 years female: 70.44 years (2005 est.)
Benin total population: 52.66 years male: 51.53 years female: 53.82 years (2005 est.)
Bermuda total population: 77.79 years male: 75.7 years female: 79.91 years (2005 est.)
Bhutan total population: 54.39 years male: 54.65 years female: 54.11 years (2005 est.)
Bolivia total population: 65.5 years male: 62.89 years female: 68.25 years (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina total population: 77.83 years male: 74.21 years female: 81.72 years (2005 est.)
Botswana total population: 33.87 years male: 33.89 years female: 33.84 years (2005 est.)
Brazil total population: 71.69 years male: 67.74 years female: 75.85 years (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands total population: 76.49 years male: 75.41 years female: 77.62 years (2005 est.)
Brunei total population: 74.8 years male: 72.36 years female: 77.36 years (2005 est.)
Bulgaria total population: 72.03 years male: 68.41 years female: 75.87 years (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso total population: 48.45 years male: 46.96 years female: 49.99 years (2005 est.)
Burma total population: 60.7 years male: 57.8 years female: 63.78 years (2005 est.)
Burundi total population: 50.29 years male: 49.61 years female: 50.99 years (2005 est.)
Cambodia total population: 58.92 years male: 56.98 years female: 60.95 years (2005 est.)
Cameroon total population: 50.89 years male: 50.71 years female: 51.08 years (2005 est.)
Canada total population: 80.1 years male: 76.73 years female: 83.63 years (2005 est.)
Cape Verde total population: 70.45 years male: 67.13 years female: 73.86 years (2005 est.)
Cayman Islands total population: 79.95 years male: 77.33 years female: 82.6 years (2005 est.)
Central African Republic total population: 43.39 years male: 43.27 years female: 43.52 years (2005 est.)
Chad total population: 47.18 years male: 45.55 years female: 48.87 years (2005 est.)
Chile total population: 76.58 years male: 73.3 years female: 80.03 years (2005 est.)
China total population: 72.27 years male: 70.65 years female: 74.09 years (2005 est.)
Christmas Island total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Colombia total population: 71.72 years male: 67.88 years female: 75.7 years (2005 est.)
Comoros total population: 61.96 years male: 59.65 years female: 64.33 years (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total population: 51.1 years male: 49.68 years female: 52.56 years (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the total population: 52.26 years male: 51.17 years female: 53.39 years (2005 est.)
Cook Islands total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Costa Rica total population: 76.84 years male: 74.26 years female: 79.55 years (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire total population: 48.62 years male: 46.05 years female: 51.27 years (2005 est.)
Croatia total population: 74.45 years male: 70.79 years female: 78.31 years (2005 est.)
Cuba total population: 77.23 years male: 74.94 years female: 79.65 years (2005 est.)
Cyprus total population: 77.65 years male: 75.29 years female: 80.13 years (2005 est.)
Czech Republic total population: 76.02 years male: 72.74 years female: 79.49 years (2005 est.)
Denmark total population: 77.62 years male: 75.34 years female: 80.03 years (2005 est.)
Djibouti total population: 43.1 years male: 41.84 years female: 44.39 years (2005 est.)
Dominica total population: 74.65 years male: 71.73 years female: 77.71 years (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic total population: 71.44 years male: 69.94 years female: 73.03 years (2005 est.)
East Timor total population: 65.9 years male: 63.63 years female: 68.29 years (2005 est.)
Ecuador total population: 76.21 years male: 73.35 years female: 79.22 years (2005 est.)
Egypt total population: 71 years male: 68.5 years female: 73.62 years (2005 est.)
El Salvador total population: 71.22 years male: 67.61 years female: 75.01 years (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea total population: 49.7 years male: 48.01 years female: 51.44 years (2005 est.)
Eritrea total population: 58.47 years male: 56.96 years female: 60.02 years (2005 est.)
Estonia total population: 71.77 years male: 66.28 years female: 77.6 years (2005 est.)
Ethiopia total population: 48.83 years male: 47.67 years female: 50.03 years (2005 est.)
European Union total population: 78.3 years male: 75.1 years female: 81.6 years (July 2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2005 est.)
Faroe Islands total population: 79.21 years male: 75.77 years female: 82.67 years (2005 est.)
Fiji total population: 69.53 years male: 67.05 years female: 72.14 years (2005 est.)
Finland total population: 78.35 years male: 74.82 years female: 82.02 years (2005 est.)
France total population: 79.6 years male: 75.96 years female: 83.42 years (2005 est.)
French Guiana total population: 77.09 years male: 73.77 years female: 80.58 years (2005 est.)
French Polynesia total population: 75.9 years male: 73.5 years female: 78.42 years (2005 est.)
Gabon total population: 55.02 years male: 53.63 years female: 56.45 years (2005 est.)
Gambia, The total population: 53.75 years male: 51.91 years female: 55.64 years (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip total population: 71.79 years male: 70.5 years female: 73.15 years (2005 est.)
Georgia total population: 75.88 years male: 72.59 years female: 79.67 years (2005 est.)
Germany total population: 78.65 years male: 75.66 years female: 81.81 years (2005 est.)
Ghana total population: 58.47 years male: 57.7 years female: 59.26 years (2005 est.)
Gibraltar total population: 79.67 years male: 76.8 years female: 82.7 years (2005 est.)
Greece total population: 79.09 years male: 76.59 years female: 81.76 years (2005 est.)
Greenland total population: 69.65 years male: 66.07 years female: 73.31 years (2005 est.)
Grenada total population: 64.53 years male: 62.74 years female: 66.31 years (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe total population: 77.9 years male: 74.74 years female: 81.21 years (2005 est.)
Guam total population: 78.4 years male: 75.34 years female: 81.64 years (2005 est.)
Guatemala total population: 69.06 years male: 67.37 years female: 70.84 years (2005 est.)
Guernsey total population: 80.3 years male: 77.3 years female: 83.41 years (2005 est.)
Guinea total population: 49.36 years male: 48.19 years female: 50.57 years (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau total population: 46.61 years male: 44.77 years female: 48.52 years (2005 est.)
Guyana total population: 65.5 years male: 62.86 years female: 68.28 years (2005 est.)
Haiti total population: 52.92 years male: 51.58 years female: 54.31 years (2005 est.)
Honduras total population: 69.3 years male: 67.71 years female: 70.97 years (2005 est.)
Hong Kong total population: 81.5 years male: 78.81 years female: 84.41 years (2005 est.)
Hungary total population: 72.4 years male: 68.18 years female: 76.89 years (2005 est.)
Iceland total population: 80.19 years male: 78.13 years female: 82.34 years (2005 est.)
India total population: 64.35 years male: 63.57 years female: 65.16 years (2005 est.)
Indonesia total population: 69.57 years male: 67.13 years female: 72.13 years (2005 est.)
Iran total population: 69.96 years male: 68.58 years female: 71.4 years (2005 est.)
Iraq total population: 68.7 years male: 67.49 years female: 69.97 years (2005 est.)
Ireland total population: 77.56 years male: 74.95 years female: 80.34 years (2005 est.)
Israel total population: 79.32 years male: 77.21 years female: 81.55 years (2005 est.)
Italy total population: 79.68 years male: 76.75 years female: 82.81 years (2005 est.)
Jamaica total population: 73.33 years male: 71.63 years female: 75.12 years (2005 est.)
Japan total population: 81.15 years male: 77.86 years female: 84.61 years (2005 est.)
Jersey total population: 79.24 years male: 76.77 years female: 81.91 years (2005 est.)
Jordan total population: 78.24 years male: 75.75 years female: 80.88 years (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan total population: 66.55 years male: 61.21 years female: 72.2 years (2005 est.)
Kenya total population: 47.99 years male: 48.87 years female: 47.09 years (2005 est.)
Kiribati total population: 61.71 years male: 58.71 years female: 64.86 years (2005 est.)
Korea, North total population: 71.37 years male: 68.65 years female: 74.22 years (2005 est.)
Korea, South total population: 76.85 years male: 73.42 years female: 80.57 years (2005 est.)
Kuwait total population: 77.03 years male: 76.01 years female: 78.1 years (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan total population: 68.16 years male: 64.16 years female: 72.38 years (2005 est.)
Laos total population: 55.08 years male: 53.07 years female: 57.17 years (2005 est.)
Latvia total population: 71.05 years male: 65.78 years female: 76.6 years (2005 est.)
Lebanon total population: 72.63 years male: 70.17 years female: 75.21 years (2005 est.)
Lesotho total population: 34.47 years male: 35.49 years female: 33.42 years (2005 est.)
Liberia total population: 38.89 years male: 37.03 years female: 40.81 years (2005 est.)
Libya total population: 76.5 years male: 74.29 years female: 78.82 years (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein total population: 79.55 years male: 75.96 years female: 83.16 years (2005 est.)
Lithuania total population: 73.97 years male: 68.94 years female: 79.28 years (2005 est.)
Luxembourg total population: 78.74 years male: 75.45 years female: 82.24 years (2005 est.)
Macau total population: 82.12 years male: 79.29 years female: 85.09 years (2005 est.)
Macedonia total population: 73.73 years male: 71.28 years female: 76.37 years (2005 est.)
Madagascar total population: 56.95 years male: 54.57 years female: 59.4 years (2005 est.)
Malawi total population: 41.43 years male: 41.66 years female: 41.2 years (2005 est.)
Malaysia total population: 72.24 years male: 69.56 years female: 75.11 years (2005 est.)
Maldives total population: 64.06 years male: 62.76 years female: 65.42 years (2005 est.)
Mali total population: 48.64 years male: 46.68 years female: 50.66 years (2005 est.)
Malta total population: 78.86 years male: 76.7 years female: 81.15 years (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of total population: 78.34 years male: 74.98 years female: 81.87 years (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands total population: 70.01 years male: 68.05 years female: 72.06 years (2005 est.)
Martinique total population: 79.04 years male: 79.43 years female: 78.64 years (2005 est.)
Mauritania total population: 52.73 years male: 50.52 years female: 55 years (2005 est.)
Mauritius total population: 72.38 years male: 68.4 years female: 76.41 years (2005 est.)
Mayotte total population: 61.39 years male: 59.22 years female: 63.62 years (2005 est.)
Mexico total population: 75.19 years male: 72.42 years female: 78.1 years (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of total population: 69.75 years male: 67.96 years female: 71.62 years (2005 est.)
Moldova total population: 65.18 years male: 61.12 years female: 69.43 years (2005 est.)
Monaco total population: 79.57 years male: 75.7 years female: 83.63 years (2005 est.)
Mongolia total population: 64.52 years male: 62.3 years female: 66.86 years (2005 est.)
Montserrat total population: 78.71 years male: 76.54 years female: 80.98 years (2005 est.)
Morocco total population: 70.66 years male: 68.35 years female: 73.07 years (2005 est.)
Mozambique total population: 40.32 years male: 39.9 years female: 40.75 years (2005 est.)
Namibia total population: 43.93 years male: 44.71 years female: 43.13 years (2005 est.)
Nauru total population: 62.73 years male: 59.16 years female: 66.48 years (2005 est.)
Nepal total population: 59.8 years male: 60.09 years female: 59.5 years (2005 est.)
Netherlands total population: 78.81 years male: 76.25 years female: 81.51 years (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles total population: 75.83 years male: 73.58 years female: 78.2 years (2005 est.)
New Caledonia total population: 74.04 years male: 71.07 years female: 77.16 years (2005 est.)
New Zealand total population: 78.66 years male: 75.67 years female: 81.78 years (2005 est.)
Nicaragua total population: 70.33 years male: 68.27 years female: 72.49 years (2005 est.)
Niger total population: 43.5 years male: 43.54 years female: 43.45 years (2005 est.)
Nigeria total population: 46.74 years male: 46.21 years female: 47.29 years (2005 est.)
Niue total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Norfolk Island total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Northern Mariana Islands total population: 75.88 years male: 73.31 years female: 78.61 years (2005 est.)
Norway total population: 79.4 years male: 76.78 years female: 82.17 years (2005 est.)
Oman total population: 73.13 years male: 70.92 years female: 75.46 years (2005 est.)
Pakistan total population: 63 years male: 62.04 years female: 64.01 years (2005 est.)
Palau total population: 70.14 years male: 66.98 years female: 73.48 years (2005 est.)
Panama total population: 75.25 years male: 72.68 years female: 77.93 years (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea total population: 64.93 years male: 62.76 years female: 67.21 years (2005 est.)
Paraguay total population: 74.89 years male: 72.35 years female: 77.55 years (2005 est.)
Peru total population: 69.53 years male: 67.77 years female: 71.37 years (2005 est.)
Philippines total population: 69.91 years male: 67.03 years female: 72.92 years (2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Poland total population: 74.74 years male: 70.71 years female: 79.03 years (2005 est.)
Portugal total population: 77.53 years male: 74.25 years female: 81.03 years (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico total population: 78.29 years male: 74.35 years female: 82.43 years (2005 est.)
Qatar total population: 73.67 years male: 71.15 years female: 76.32 years (2005 est.)
Reunion total population: 73.95 years male: 70.55 years female: 77.52 years (2005 est.)
Romania total population: 71.35 years male: 67.86 years female: 75.06 years (2005 est.)
Russia total population: 67.1 years male: 60.55 years female: 74.04 years (2005 est.)
Rwanda total population: 46.96 years male: 45.92 years female: 48.03 years (2005 est.)
Saint Helena total population: 77.76 years male: 74.86 years female: 80.81 years (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis total population: 72.15 years male: 69.31 years female: 75.16 years (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia total population: 73.61 years male: 70.05 years female: 77.42 years (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon total population: 78.46 years male: 76.13 years female: 80.9 years (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total population: 73.62 years male: 71.78 years female: 75.51 years (2005 est.)
Samoa total population: 70.72 years male: 67.93 years female: 73.65 years (2005 est.)
San Marino total population: 81.62 years male: 78.13 years female: 85.43 years (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe total population: 66.99 years male: 65.43 years female: 68.59 years (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia total population: 75.46 years male: 73.46 years female: 77.55 years (2005 est.)
Senegal total population: 58.9 years male: 57.37 years female: 60.47 years (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro total population: 74.73 years male: 72.15 years female: 77.51 years (2005 est.)
Seychelles total population: 71.82 years male: 66.41 years female: 77.4 years (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone total population: 39.87 years male: 37.74 years female: 42.06 years (2005 est.)
Singapore total population: 81.62 years male: 79.05 years female: 84.39 years (2005 est.)
Slovakia total population: 74.5 years male: 70.52 years female: 78.68 years (2005 est.)
Slovenia total population: 76.14 years male: 72.42 years female: 80.1 years (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands total population: 72.66 years male: 70.16 years female: 75.28 years (2005 est.)
Somalia total population: 48.09 years male: 46.36 years female: 49.87 years (2005 est.)
South Africa total population: 43.27 years male: 43.47 years female: 43.06 years (2005 est.)
Spain total population: 79.52 years male: 76.18 years female: 83.08 years (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka total population: 73.17 years male: 70.6 years female: 75.86 years (2005 est.)
Sudan total population: 58.54 years male: 57.33 years female: 59.8 years (2005 est.)
Suriname total population: 68.96 years male: 66.75 years female: 71.27 years (2005 est.)
Svalbard total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Swaziland total population: 33.22 years male: 32.49 years female: 33.98 years (2005 est.)
Sweden total population: 80.4 years male: 78.19 years female: 82.74 years (2005 est.)
Switzerland total population: 80.39 years male: 77.58 years female: 83.36 years (2005 est.)
Syria total population: 70.03 years male: 68.75 years female: 71.38 years (2005 est.)
Taiwan total population: 77.26 years male: 74.49 years female: 80.28 years (2005 est.)
Tajikistan total population: 64.56 years male: 61.68 years female: 67.59 years (2005 est.)
Tanzania total population: 45.24 years male: 44.56 years female: 45.94 years (2005 est.)
Thailand total population: 71.95 years male: 69.65 years female: 74.37 years (2005 est.)
Togo total population: 57.01 years male: 55.02 years female: 59.06 years (2005 est.)
Tokelau total population: NA male: -9 years female: -9 years (2005 est.)
Tonga total population: 69.53 years male: 67.05 years female: 72.14 years (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago total population: 66.73 years male: 65.6 years female: 67.91 years (2005 est.)
Tunisia total population: 74.89 years male: 73.2 years female: 76.71 years (2005 est.)
Turkey total population: 72.36 years male: 69.94 years female: 74.91 years (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan total population: 61.39 years male: 58.02 years female: 64.93 years (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands total population: 74.51 years male: 72.28 years female: 76.84 years (2005 est.)
Tuvalu total population: 68.01 years male: 65.79 years female: 70.33 years (2005 est.)
Uganda total population: 51.59 years male: 50.74 years female: 52.46 years (2005 est.)
Ukraine total population: 69.68 years male: 64.39 years female: 75.31 years (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates total population: 75.24 years male: 72.73 years female: 77.87 years (2005 est.)
United Kingdom total population: 78.38 years male: 75.94 years female: 80.96 years (2005 est.)
United States total population: 77.71 years male: 74.89 years female: 80.67 years (2005 est.)
Uruguay total population: 76.13 years male: 72.92 years female: 79.45 years (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan total population: 64.19 years male: 60.82 years female: 67.73 years (2005 est.)
Vanuatu total population: 62.49 years male: 61 years female: 64.05 years (2005 est.)
Venezuela total population: 74.31 years male: 71.27 years female: 77.58 years (2005 est.)
Vietnam total population: 70.61 years male: 67.82 years female: 73.6 years (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands total population: 78.91 years male: 75.08 years female: 82.96 years (2005 est.)
Wallis and Futuna total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
West Bank total population: 73.08 years male: 71.33 years female: 74.95 years (2005 est.)
Western Sahara total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
World total population: 64.33 years male: 62.73 years female: 66.04 years (2005 est.)
Yemen total population: 61.75 years male: 59.89 years female: 63.71 years (2005 est.)
Zambia total population: 39.7 years male: 39.43 years female: 39.98 years (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe total population: 39.13 years male: 40.2 years female: 38.03 years (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2103 Literacy (%)
Afghanistan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 36% male: 51% female: 21% (1999 est.)
Albania definition: age 9 and over can read and write total population: 86.5% male: 93.3% female: 79.5% (2003 est.)
Algeria definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 70% male: 78.8% female: 61% (2003 est.)
American Samoa definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 98% female: 97% (1980 est.)
Andorra definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA%
Angola definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 66.8% male: 82.1% female: 53.8% (2001 est.)
Anguilla definition: age 12 and over can read and write total population: 95% male: 95% female: 95% (1984 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling total population: 89% male: 90% female: 88% (1960 est.)
Argentina definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.1% male: 97.1% female: 97.1% (2003 est.)
Armenia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.6% male: 99.4% female: 98% (2003 est.)
Aruba definition: total population: 97% male: NA% female: NA%
Australia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (1980 est.)
Austria definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: NA% female: NA%
Azerbaijan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.8% male: 99.5% female: 98.2% (1999 est.)
Bahamas, The definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.6% male: 94.7% female: 96.5% (2003 est.)
Bahrain definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89.1% male: 91.9% female: 85% (2003 est.)
Bangladesh definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 43.1% male: 53.9% female: 31.8% (2003 est.)
Barbados definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 99.7% male: 99.7% female: 99.7% (2002 est.)
Belarus definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.6% male: 99.8% female: 99.5% (2003 est.)
Belgium definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: NA% female: NA%
Belize definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.1% male: 94.1% female: 94.1% (2003 est.)
Benin definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 33.6% male: 46.4% female: 22.6% (2002 est.)
Bermuda definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1970 est.)
Bhutan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.2% male: 56.2% female: 28.1% (1995 est.)
Bolivia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 87.2% male: 93.1% female: 81.6% (2003 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.6% male: 98.4% female: 91.1% (2000 est.)
Botswana definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79.8% male: 76.9% female: 82.4% (2003 est.)
Brazil definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 86.4% male: 86.1% female: 86.6% (2003 est.)
British Virgin Islands definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.8% (1991 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Brunei definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.9% male: 96.3% female: 91.4% (2002)
Bulgaria definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.6% male: 99.1% female: 98.2% (2003 est.)
Burkina Faso definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 26.6% male: 36.9% female: 16.6% (2003 est.)
Burma definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 85.3% male: 89.2% female: 81.4% (2002)
Burundi definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.6% male: 58.5% female: 45.2% (2003 est.)
Cambodia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 73.6% male: 84.7% female: 64.1% (2004 est.)
Cameroon definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 84.7% female: 73.4% (2003 est.)
Canada definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% (1986 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Cape Verde definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 76.6% male: 85.8% female: 69.2% (2003 est.)
Cayman Islands definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% (1970 est.)
Central African Republic definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51% male: 63.3% female: 39.9% (2003 est.)
Chad definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic total population: 47.5% male: 56% female: 39.3% (2003 est.)
Chile definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 96.2% male: 96.4% female: 96.1% (2003 est.)
China definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90.9% male: 95.1% female: 86.5% (2002)
Christmas Island NA
Colombia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.5% male: 92.4% female: 92.6% (2003 est.)
Comoros definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 56.5% male: 63.6% female: 49.3% (2003 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the definition: age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba total population: 65.5% male: 76.2% female: 55.1% (2003 est.)
Congo, Republic of the definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83.8% male: 89.6% female: 78.4% (2003 est.)
Cook Islands definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA%
Costa Rica definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 95.9% female: 96.1% (2003 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 50.9% male: 57.9% female: 43.6% (2003 est.)
Croatia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.5% male: 99.4% female: 97.8% (2003 est.)
Cuba definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97.2% female: 96.9% (2003 est.)
Cyprus definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.6% male: 98.9% female: 96.3% (2003 est.)
Czech Republic definition: NA total population: 99.9% (1999 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Denmark definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%
Djibouti definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 67.9% male: 78% female: 58.4% (2003 est.)
Dominica definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 94% male: 94% female: 94% (2003 est.)
Dominican Republic definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84.7% male: 84.6% female: 84.8% (2003 est.)
East Timor definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 58.6% (2002)
Ecuador definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.5% male: 94% female: 91% (2003 est.)
Egypt definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.7% male: 68.3% female: 46.9% (2003 est.)
El Salvador definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 80.2% male: 82.8% female: 77.7% (2003 est.)
Equatorial Guinea definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 85.7% male: 93.3% female: 78.4% (2003 est.)
Eritrea definition: NA total population: 58.6% male: 69.9% female: 47.6% (2003 est.)
Estonia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.8% male: 99.8% female: 99.8% (2003 est.)
Ethiopia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.7% male: 50.3% female: 35.1% (2003 est.)
Faroe Islands definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% note: probably the same as Denmark proper
Fiji definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.7% male: 95.5% female: 91.9% (2003 est.)
Finland definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% (2000 est.) male: 100% female: 100%
France definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1980 est.)
French Guiana definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83% male: 84% female: 82% (1982 est.)
French Polynesia definition: age 14 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% (1977 est.)
Gabon definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 63.2% male: 73.7% female: 53.3% (1995 est.)
Gambia, The definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 40.1% male: 47.8% female: 32.8% (2003 est.)
Gaza Strip definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.9% male: 96.3% female: 87.4% (2003 est.)
Georgia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 100% female: 98% (1999 est.)
Germany definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1997 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Ghana definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.8% male: 82.7% female: 67.1% (2003 est.)
Gibraltar definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA% female: NA%
Greece definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.5% male: 98.6% female: 96.5% (2003 est.)
Greenland definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% note: similar to Denmark proper
Grenada definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% (1970 est.)
Guadeloupe definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 90% female: 90% (1982 est.)
Guam definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1990 est.)
Guatemala definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 70.6% male: 78% female: 63.3% (2003 est.)
Guernsey definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Guinea definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 35.9% male: 49.9% female: 21.9% (1995 est.)
Guinea-Bissau definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.4% male: 58.1% female: 27.4% (2003 est.)
Guyana definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98.8% male: 99.1% female: 98.5% (2003 est.)
Haiti definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 52.9% male: 54.8% female: 51.2% (2003 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) definition: NA total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%
Honduras definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 76.2% male: 76.1% female: 76.3% (2003 est.)
Hong Kong definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 93.5% male: 96.9% female: 89.6% (2002)
Hungary definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.4% male: 99.5% female: 99.3% (2003 est.)
Iceland definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.9% (1997 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
India definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 59.5% male: 70.2% female: 48.3% (2003 est.)
Indonesia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 87.9% male: 92.5% female: 83.4% (2002 est.)
Iran definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79.4% male: 85.6% female: 73% (2003 est.)
Iraq definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 40.4% male: 55.9% female: 24.4% (2003 est.)
Ireland definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% (1981 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Israel definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.4% male: 97.3% female: 93.6% (2003 est.)
Italy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.6% male: 99% female: 98.3% (2003 est.)
Jamaica definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 87.9% male: 84.1% female: 91.6% (2003 est.)
Japan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2002)
Jersey definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Jordan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.3% male: 95.9% female: 86.3% (2003 est.)
Kazakhstan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.4% male: 99.1% female: 97.7% (1999 est.)
Kenya definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 85.1% male: 90.6% female: 79.7% (2003 est.)
Kiribati definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Korea, North definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99%
Korea, South definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.9% male: 99.2% female: 96.6% (2002)
Kuwait definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83.5% male: 85.1% female: 81.7% (2003 est.)
Kyrgyzstan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.7% male: 99.3% female: 98.1% (1999 est.)
Laos definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 66.4% male: 77.4% female: 55.5% (2002)
Latvia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.8% male: 99.8% female: 99.8% (2003 est.)
Lebanon definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 87.4% male: 93.1% female: 82.2% (2003 est.)
Lesotho definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84.8% male: 74.5% female: 94.5% (2003 est.)
Liberia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.5% male: 73.3% female: 41.6% (2003 est.)
Libya definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 82.6% male: 92.4% female: 72% (2003 est.)
Liechtenstein definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%
Lithuania definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.6% male: 99.7% female: 99.6% (2003 est.)
Luxembourg definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2000 est.)
Macau definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)
Macedonia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 96.1% male: 98.2% female: 94.1% (2002 est.)
Madagascar definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 68.9% male: 75.5% female: 62.5% (2003 est.)
Malawi definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 62.7% male: 76.1% female: 49.8% (2003 est.)
Malaysia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.7% male: 92% female: 85.4% (2002)
Maldives definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.2% male: 97.1% female: 97.3% (2003 est.)
Mali definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 46.4% male: 53.5% female: 39.6% (2003 est.)
Malta definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 92.8% male: 92% female: 93.6% (2003 est.)
Man, Isle of definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Marshall Islands definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.7% male: 93.6% female: 93.7% (1999)
Martinique definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.7% male: 97.4% female: 98.1% (2003 est.)
Mauritania definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 41.7% male: 51.8% female: 31.9% (2003 est.)
Mauritius definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 85.6% male: 88.6% female: 82.7% (2003 est.)
Mayotte definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Mexico definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.2% male: 94% female: 90.5% (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89% male: 91% female: 88% (1980 est.)
Moldova definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.1% male: 99.6% female: 98.7% (2003 est.)
Monaco definition: NA total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA%
Mongolia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.8% male: 98% female: 97.5% (2002)
Montserrat definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% (1970 est.)
Morocco definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.7% male: 64.1% female: 39.4% (2003 est.)
Mozambique definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 47.8% male: 63.5% female: 32.7% (2003 est.)
Namibia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84% male: 84.4% female: 83.7% (2003 est.)
Nauru definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Nepal definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 45.2% male: 62.7% female: 27.6% (2003 est.)
Netherlands definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (2000 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Netherlands Antilles definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 96.7% male: 96.7% female: 96.8% (2003 est.)
New Caledonia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91% male: 92% female: 90% (1976 est.)
New Zealand definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1980 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Nicaragua definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 67.5% male: 67.2% female: 67.8% (2003 est.)
Niger definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 17.6% male: 25.8% female: 9.7% (2003 est.)
Nigeria definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 68% male: 75.7% female: 60.6% (2003 est.)
Niue definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA%
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 96% (1980 est.)
Norway definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%
Oman definition: NA total population: 75.8% male: 83.1% female: 67.2% (2003 est.)
Pakistan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 48.7% male: 61.7% female: 35.2% (2004 est.)
Palau definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92% male: 93% female: 90% (1980 est.)
Panama definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.6% male: 93.2% female: 91.9% (2003 est.)
Papua New Guinea definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 64.6% male: 71.1% female: 57.7% (2002)
Paraguay definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94% male: 94.9% female: 93% (2003 est.)
Peru definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 87.7% male: 93.5% female: 82.1% (2004 est.)
Philippines definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.6% male: 92.5% female: 92.7% (2002)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.8% male: 99.8% female: 99.7% (2003 est.)
Portugal definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.3% male: 95.5% female: 91.3% (2003 est.)
Puerto Rico definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.1% male: 93.9% female: 94.4% (2002 est.)
Qatar definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89% male: 89.1% female: 88.6% (2004 est.)
Reunion definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.9% male: 87% female: 90.8% (2003 est.)
Romania definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.4% male: 99.1% female: 97.7% (2003 est.)
Russia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.6% male: 99.7% female: 99.5% (2003 est.)
Rwanda definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 70.4% male: 76.3% female: 64.7% (2003 est.)
Saint Helena definition: age 20 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% (1987 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% (1980 est.)
Saint Lucia definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 90.1% male: 89.5% female: 90.6% (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 96% male: 96% female: 96% (1970 est.)
Samoa definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.7% male: 99.6% female: 99.7% (2003 est.)
San Marino definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79.3% male: 85% female: 62% (1991 est.)
Saudi Arabia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 78.8% male: 84.7% female: 70.8% (2003 est.)
Senegal definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 40.2% male: 50% female: 30.7% (2003 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 96.4% male: 98.9% female: 94.1% (2002 est.)
Seychelles definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.9% male: 91.4% female: 92.3% (2003 est.)
Sierra Leone definition: age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic total population: 29.6% male: 39.8% female: 20.5% (2000 est.)
Singapore definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.5% male: 96.6% female: 88.6% (2002)
Slovakia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.6% male: 99.7% female: 99.6% (2001 est.)
Slovenia definition: NA total population: 99.7% male: 99.7% female: 99.6% (2003 est.)
Solomon Islands definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Somalia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 37.8% male: 49.7% female: 25.8% (2001 est.)
South Africa definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 86.4% male: 87% female: 85.7% (2003 est.)
Spain definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.9% male: 98.7% female: 97.2% (2003 est.)
Sri Lanka definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.3% male: 94.8% female: 90% (2003 est.)
Sudan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 61.1% male: 71.8% female: 50.5% (2003 est.)
Suriname definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88% male: 92.3% female: 84.1% (2000 est.)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 81.6% male: 82.6% female: 80.8% (2003 est.)
Sweden definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1979 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Switzerland definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1980 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Syria definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 76.9% male: 89.7% female: 64% (2003 est.)
Taiwan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 96.1% (2003)
Tajikistan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.4% male: 99.6% female: 99.1% (2003 est.)
Tanzania definition: age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic total population: 78.2% male: 85.9% female: 70.7% (2003 est.)
Thailand definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.6% male: 94.9% female: 90.5% (2002)
Togo definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 60.9% male: 75.4% female: 46.9% (2003 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1996 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.6% male: 99.1% female: 98% (2003 est.)
Tunisia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.3% male: 83.4% female: 65.3% (2004 est.)
Turkey definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 86.5% male: 94.3% female: 78.7% (2003 est.)
Turkmenistan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.8% male: 99.3% female: 98.3% (1995 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98% male: 99% female: 98% (1970 est.)
Tuvalu definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Uganda definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.9% male: 79.5% female: 60.4% (2003 est.)
Ukraine definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.7% male: 99.8% female: 99.6% (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 77.9% male: 76.1% female: 81.7% (2003 est.)
United Kingdom definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling total population: 99% (2000 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
United States definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% (1999 est.)
Uruguay definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 97.6% female: 98.4% (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.3% male: 99.6% female: 99% (2003 est.)
Vanuatu definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74% male: NA% female: NA% (1999 est.)
Venezuela definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.4% male: 93.8% female: 93.1% (2003 est.)
Vietnam definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90.3% male: 93.9% female: 86.9% (2002)
Virgin Islands definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Wallis and Futuna definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 50% male: 50% female: 50% (1969 est.)
West Bank definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.9% male: 96.3% female: 87.4% (2003 est.)
Western Sahara definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
World definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 82% male: 87% female: 77% note: over two-thirds of the world's 785 million illiterate adults are found in only eight countries (India, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Egypt); of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women; extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in three regions, South and West Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Arab states, where around one-third of the men and half of all women are illiterate (2005 est.)
Yemen definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 50.2% male: 70.5% female: 30% (2003 est.)
Zambia definition: age 15 and over can read and write English total population: 80.6% male: 86.8% female: 74.8% (2003 est.)
Zimbabwe definition: age 15 and over can read and write English total population: 90.7% male: 94.2% female: 87.2% (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2105 Manpower available for military service
Afghanistan males age 22-49: 4,952,812 (2005 est.)
Albania males age 19-49: 809,524 (2005 est.)
Algeria males age 19-49: 8,033,049 (2005 est.)
Angola males age 17-49: 2,423,221 (2005 est.)
Argentina males age 18-49: 8,981,886 (2005 est.)
Armenia males age 18-49: 722,836 (2005 est.)
Australia males age 16-49: 4,943,676 (2005 est.)
Austria males age 18-49: 1,914,800 (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan males age 18-49: 1,961,973 (2005 est.)
Bahrain males age 18-49: 202,126 (2005 est.)
Bangladesh males age 18-49: 35,170,019 (2005 est.)
Barbados males age 18-49: 71,330 (2005 est.)
Belarus males age 18-49: 2,520,644 (2005 est.)
Belgium males age 16-49: 2,436,736 (2005 est.)
Belize males age 18-49: 60,750 (2005 est.)
Benin males age 21-49: 1,207,071 females age 21-49: 1,216,180 (2005 est.)
Bhutan males age 18-49: 483,860 (2005 est.)
Bolivia males age 18-49: 1,923,234 (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina males age 18-49: 1,034,367 (2005 est.)
Botswana males age 18-49: 350,649 (2005 est.)
Brazil males age 19-49: 45,586,036 (2005 est.)
Brunei males age 18-49: 103,885 (2005 est.)
Bulgaria males age 18-49: 1,661,211 (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso males age 18-49: 2,664,572 (2005 est.)
Burma males age 18-49: 11,254,374 females age 18-49: 11,303,100 (2005 est.)
Burundi males age 16-49: 1,379,793 (2005 est.)
Cambodia males age 18-49: 2,981,823 (2005 est.)
Cameroon males age 18-49: 3,410,440 (2005 est.)
Canada males age 16-49: 8,216,510 (2005 est.)
Cape Verde males age 18-49: 84,641 (2005 est.)
Central African Republic males age 18-49: 758,103 (2005 est.)
Chad males age 20-49: 1,559,382 (2005 est.)
Chile males age 18-49: 3,815,761 (2005 est.)
China males age 18-49: 342,956,265 (2005 est.)
Colombia males age 18-49: 10,212,456 (2005 est.)
Comoros males age 18-49: 138,940 (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the males age 18-49: 11,052,696 (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the males age 18-49: 686,123 (2005 est.)
Costa Rica males age 18-49: 997,690 (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire males age 18-49: 3,696,106 (2005 est.)
Croatia males age 18-49: 1,005,058 (2005 est.)
Cuba males age 17-49: 2,967,865 females age 17-49: 2,913,559 (2005 est.)
Cyprus males age 18-49: 184,352 (2005 est.)
Czech Republic males age 18-49: 2,414,728 (2005 est.)
Denmark males age 18-49: 1,175,108 (2005 est.)
Djibouti males age 18-49: 95,328 (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic males age 18-49: 2,108,197 (2005 est.)
East Timor NA
Ecuador males age 20-49: 2,792,770 (2005 est.)
Egypt males age 18-49: 18,347,560 (2005 est.)
El Salvador males age 18-49: 1,391,278 (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea males age 18-49: 106,571 (2005 est.)
Estonia males age 18-49: 291,696 (2005 est.)
Ethiopia males age 18-49: 14,568,277 (2005 est.)
Fiji males age 18-49: 215,104 (2005 est.)
Finland males age 18-49: 1,121,275 (2005 est.)
France males age 17-49: 13,676,509 (2005 est.)
French Guiana males age 18-49: 47,809 (2005 est.)
Gabon males age 18-49: 276,310 (2005 est.)
Gambia, The males age 18-49: 309,279 (2005 est.)
Georgia males age 18-49: 1,038,736 (2005 est.)
Germany males age 18-49: 18,917,537 (2005 est.)
Ghana males age 18-49: 4,761,226 (2005 est.)
Greece males age 18-49: 2,459,988 (2005 est.)
Guatemala males age 18-49: 3,020,292 (2005 est.)
Guinea males age 18-49: 1,853,316 (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau males age 18-49: 288,770 (2005 est.)
Guyana males age 18-49: 206,098 (2005 est.)
Haiti males age 18-49: 1,626,491 (2005 est.)
Honduras males age 18-49: 1,448,369 (2005 est.)
Hong Kong males age 18-49: 1,743,972 (2005 est.)
Hungary males age 18-49: 2,303,116 (2005 est.)
Iceland males age 18-49: 69,038 (2005 est.)
India males age 16-49: 287,551,111 (2005 est.)
Indonesia males age 18-49: 60,543,028 (2005 est.)
Iran males age 18-49: 18,319,545 (2005 est.)
Iraq males age 18-49: 5,870,640 (2005 est.)
Ireland males age 17-49: 977,092 (2005 est.)
Israel males age 17-49: 1,492,125 females age 17-49: 1,443,916 (2005 est.)
Italy males age 18-49: 13,491,260 (2005 est.)
Jamaica males age 18-49: 696,900 (2005 est.)
Japan males age 18-49: 27,003,112 (2005 est.)
Jordan males age 17-49: 1,573,995 (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan males age 18-49: 3,758,255 (2005 est.)
Kenya males age 18-49: 7,303,153 (2005 est.)
Korea, North males age 17-49: 5,851,801 (2005 est.)
Korea, South males age 20-49: 12,458,257 (2005 est.)
Kuwait males age 18-49: 864,745 (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan males age 18-49: 1,193,529 (2005 est.)
Laos males age 15-49: 1,500,625 (2005 est.)
Latvia males age 19-49: 517,713 (2005 est.)
Lebanon males age 18-49: 974,363 (2005 est.)
Lesotho males age 18-49: 400,457 (2005 est.)
Liberia males age 18-49: 659,795 (2005 est.)
Libya males age 17-49: 1,505,675 (2005 est.)
Lithuania males age 19-49: 830,368 (2005 est.)
Luxembourg males age 17-49: 110,867 (2005 est.)
Macau males age 18-49: 112,744 (2005 est.)
Macedonia males age 18-49: 498,259 (2005 est.)
Madagascar males age 18-49: 3,542,797 (2005 est.)
Malawi males age 18-49: 2,320,190 (2005 est.)
Malaysia males age 18-49: 5,584,231 (2005 est.)
Maldives males age 18-49: 71,774 (2005 est.)
Mali males age 18-49: 2,206,728 (2005 est.)
Malta males age 18-49: 90,651 (2005 est.)
Mauritania males age 18-49: 606,463 (2005 est.)
Mauritius males age 18-49: 313,271 (2005 est.)
Mexico males age 18-49: 24,488,008 (2005 est.)
Moldova males age 18-49: 1,066,459 (2005 est.)
Mongolia males age 18-49: 736,182 (2005 est.)
Morocco males age 18-49: 7,908,864 (2005 est.)
Mozambique males age 18-49: 3,793,373 (2005 est.)
Namibia males age 18-49: 441,293 (2005 est.)
Nauru males age 18-49: 2,874 (2005 est.)
Nepal males age 18-49: 6,107,091 (2005 est.)
Netherlands males age 20-49: 3,557,918 (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles males age 16-49: 54,200 (2005 est.)
New Zealand males age 17-49: 984,700 (2005 est.)
Nicaragua males age 17-49: 1,309,970 (2005 est.)
Niger males age 18-49: 2,135,680 (2005 est.)
Nigeria males age 18-49: 26,804,314 (2005 est.)
Norway males age 18-49: 1,014,592 (2005 est.)
Oman males age 18-49: 719,871 (2005 est.)
Pakistan males age 16-49: 39,028,014 (2005 est.)
Panama males age 18-49: 733,031 (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea males age 18-49: 1,264,728 (2005 est.)
Paraguay males age 18-49: 1,345,022 (2005 est.)
Peru males age 18-49: 6,647,874 (2005 est.)
Philippines males age 18-49: 20,131,179 (2005 est.)
Poland males age 17-49: 9,673,712 (2005 est.)
Portugal males age 18-49: 2,435,042 (2005 est.)
Qatar males age 18-49: 302,873 note: includes non-nationals (2005 est.)
Reunion males age 18-49: 183,421 (2005 est.)
Romania males age 20-49: 5,061,984 (2005 est.)
Russia males age 18-49: 35,247,049 (2005 est.)
Rwanda males age 16-49: 2,004,750 (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe males age 18-49: 33,438 (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia males age 18-49: 7,648,999 (2005 est.)
Senegal males age 18-49: 2,183,343 (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro males age 19-49: 2,389,729 (2005 est.)
Seychelles males age 18-49: 21,612 (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone males age 18-49: 1,110,077 (2005 est.)
Singapore males age 18-49: 1,215,568 (2005 est.)
Slovakia males age 18-49: 1,351,848 (2005 est.)
Slovenia males age 17-49: 496,929 (2005 est.)
Somalia males age 18-49: 1,787,727 (2005 est.)
South Africa males age 18-49: 10,354,769 (2005 est.)
Spain males age 20-49: 9,366,588 (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka males age 18-49: 4,933,217 (2005 est.)
Sudan males age 18-49: 8,291,695 (2005 est.)
Suriname males age 18-49: 111,582 (2005 est.)
Swaziland males age 18-49: 248,676 (2005 est.)
Sweden males age 19-49: 1,838,427 (2005 est.)
Switzerland males age 19-49: 1,707,694 (2005 est.)
Syria males age 18-49: 4,356,413 (2005 est.)
Taiwan males age 19-49: 5,883,828 (2005 est.)
Tajikistan males age 18-49: 1,556,415 (2005 est.)
Tanzania males age 18-49: 7,422,869 (2005 est.)
Thailand males age 21-49: 14.984 million (2005 est.)
Togo males age 18-49: 1,148,890 (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago males age 18-49: 293,094 (2005 est.)
Tunisia males age 20-49: 2,441,741 (2005 est.)
Turkey males age 20-49: 16,756,323 (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan males age 18-49: 1,132,833 (2005 est.)
Uganda males age 18-49: 5,012,620 (2005 est.)
Ukraine males age 18-49: 11,067,239 (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates males age 18-49: 653,181 note: includes non-nationals (2005 est.)
United Kingdom males age 16-49: 14,607,724 (2005 est.)
United States males age 18-49: 67,742,879 females age 18-49: 67,070,144 (2005 est.)
Uruguay males age 18-49: 764,408 (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan males age 18-49: 6,340,220 (2005 est.)
Venezuela males age 18-49: 6,236,012 (2005 est.)
Vietnam males age 18-49: 21,341,813 (2005 est.)
Yemen males age 18-49: 4,058,223 (2005 est.)
Zambia males age 18-49: 2,219,739 (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe males age 18-49: 2,840,053 (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2106 Maritime claims
Afghanistan none (landlocked)
Albania territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Algeria territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm
American Samoa territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Andorra none (landlocked)
Angola territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Anguilla territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Antarctica Australia, Chile, and Argentina claim Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) rights or similar over 200 nm extensions seaward from their continental claims, but like the claims themselves, these zones are not accepted by other countries; 20 of 27 Antarctic consultative nations have made no claims to Antarctic territory (although Russia and the US have reserved the right to do so) and do not recognize the claims of the other nations; also see the Disputes - international entry
Antigua and Barbuda territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Argentina territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Armenia none (landlocked)
Aruba territorial sea: 12 nm
Ashmore and Cartier Islands territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Australia territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Austria none (landlocked)
Azerbaijan none (landlocked)
Bahamas, The territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Bahrain territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined
Baker Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Bangladesh territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: up to the outer limits of the continental margin
Barbados territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Bassas da India territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Belarus none (landlocked)
Belgium territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: geographic coordinates define outer limit continental shelf: median line with neighbors
Belize territorial sea: 12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Benin territorial sea: 200 nm
Bermuda territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Bhutan none (landlocked)
Bolivia none (landlocked)
Bosnia and Herzegovina no data available
Botswana none (landlocked)
Bouvet Island territorial sea: 4 nm
Brazil territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin
British Indian Ocean Territory territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
British Virgin Islands territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Brunei territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line
Bulgaria territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Burkina Faso none (landlocked)
Burma territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Burundi none (landlocked)
Cambodia territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Cameroon territorial sea: 50 nm
Canada territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Cape Verde measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Cayman Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Central African Republic none (landlocked)
Chad none (landlocked)
Chile territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200/350 nm
China territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Christmas Island territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Clipperton Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Cocos (Keeling) Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Colombia territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Comoros territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Congo, Democratic Republic of the territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: boundaries with neighbors
Congo, Republic of the territorial sea: 200 nm
Cook Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Coral Sea Islands territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Costa Rica territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Cote d'Ivoire territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Croatia territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Cuba territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Cyprus territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Czech Republic none (landlocked)
Denmark territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Djibouti territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Dominica territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Dominican Republic territorial sea: 6 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
East Timor territorial sea: NA exclusive economic zone: NA continental shelf: NA exclusive fishing zone: NA
Ecuador territorial sea: 200 nm continental shelf: 100 nm from 2,500 meter isobath
Egypt territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
El Salvador territorial sea: 200 nm
Equatorial Guinea territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Eritrea territorial sea: 12 nm
Estonia territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: limits fixed in coordination with neighboring states
Ethiopia none (landlocked)
Europa Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
European Union NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Faroe Islands territorial sea: 3 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line
Fiji measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added
Finland territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm) continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden
France territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm (does not apply to the Mediterranean) continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
French Guiana territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
French Polynesia territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
French Southern and Antarctic Lands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm from Iles Kerguelen (does not include the rest of French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
Gabon territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Gambia, The territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: not specified exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Gaza Strip Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation
Georgia NA
Germany territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Ghana territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Gibraltar territorial sea: 3 nm
Glorioso Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Greece territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Greenland territorial sea: 3 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line
Grenada territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Guadeloupe territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Guam territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Guatemala territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Guernsey territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Guinea territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Guinea-Bissau territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Guyana territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin
Haiti territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
Heard Island and McDonald Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Holy See (Vatican City) none (landlocked)
Honduras territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: natural extension of territory or to 200 nm
Hong Kong territorial sea: 3 nm
Howland Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Hungary none (landlocked)
Iceland territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
India territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Indonesia measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Iran territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: bilateral agreements or median lines in the Persian Gulf continental shelf: natural prolongation
Iraq territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: not specified
Ireland territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Israel territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
Italy territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Jamaica measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin
Jan Mayen territorial sea: 4 nm contiguous zone: 10 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Japan territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western Channels of the Korea or Tsushima Strait contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Jarvis Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Jersey territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Johnston Atoll territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Jordan territorial sea: 3 nm
Juan de Nova Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Kazakhstan none (landlocked)
Kenya territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Kingman Reef territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Kiribati territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Korea, North territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm note: military boundary line 50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in the Yellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission are banned
Korea, South territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the Korea Strait contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: not specified
Kuwait territorial sea: 12 nm
Kyrgyzstan none (landlocked)
Laos none (landlocked)
Latvia territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Lebanon territorial sea: 12 nm
Lesotho none (landlocked)
Liberia territorial sea: 200 nm
Libya territorial sea: 12 nm note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Liechtenstein none (landlocked)
Lithuania territorial sea: 12 nm
Luxembourg none (landlocked)
Macau not specified
Macedonia none (landlocked)
Madagascar territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m deep isobath
Malawi none (landlocked)
Malaysia territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea
Maldives measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Mali none (landlocked)
Malta territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 25 nm
Man, Isle of territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Marshall Islands territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Martinique territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Mauritania territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Mauritius territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Mayotte territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Mexico territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Micronesia, Federated States of territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Midway Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Moldova none (landlocked)
Monaco territorial sea: 12 nm
Mongolia none (landlocked)
Montserrat territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Morocco territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Mozambique territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Namibia territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Nauru territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Navassa Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Nepal none (landlocked)
Netherlands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Netherlands Antilles territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
New Caledonia territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
New Zealand territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Nicaragua territorial sea: 200 nm continental shelf: natural prolongation
Niger none (landlocked)
Nigeria territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Niue territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Norfolk Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Northern Mariana Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Norway territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 10 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Oman territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Pakistan territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Palau territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Palmyra Atoll territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Panama territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Papua New Guinea measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Paracel Islands NA
Paraguay none (landlocked)
Peru territorial sea: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Philippines territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
Pitcairn Islands territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Poland territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: defined by international treaties
Portugal territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Puerto Rico territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Qatar territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line
Reunion territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Romania territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Russia territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Rwanda none (landlocked)
Saint Helena territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Saint Kitts and Nevis territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Saint Lucia territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Saint Pierre and Miquelon territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Samoa territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
San Marino none (landlocked)
Sao Tome and Principe measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Saudi Arabia territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: not specified
Senegal territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Serbia and Montenegro NA
Seychelles territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Sierra Leone territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Singapore territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
Slovakia none (landlocked)
Slovenia NA
Solomon Islands measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Somalia territorial sea: 200 nm
South Africa territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Spain territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm (applies only to the Atlantic Ocean)
Spratly Islands NA
Sri Lanka territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Sudan territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Suriname territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Svalbard territorial sea: 4 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
Swaziland none (landlocked)
Sweden territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas) exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Switzerland none (landlocked)
Syria territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 41 nm
Taiwan territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Tajikistan none (landlocked)
Tanzania territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Thailand territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Togo territorial sea: 30 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Tokelau territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Tonga territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Trinidad and Tobago measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin
Tromelin Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Tunisia territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm
Turkey territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea; 12 nm in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR
Turkmenistan none (landlocked)
Turks and Caicos Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Tuvalu territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Uganda none (landlocked)
Ukraine territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m or to the depth of exploitation
United Arab Emirates territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
United Kingdom territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries
United States territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: not specified
Uruguay territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Uzbekistan none (doubly landlocked)
Vanuatu measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Venezuela territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 15 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Vietnam territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Virgin Islands territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Wake Island territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Wallis and Futuna territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
West Bank none (landlocked)
Western Sahara contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue
World a variety of situations exist, but in general, most countries make the following claims measured from the mean low-tide baseline as described in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: territorial sea - 12 nm , contiguous zone - 24 nm , and exclusive economic zone - 200 nm ; additional zones provide for exploitation of continental shelf resources and an exclusive fishing zone; boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nm
Yemen territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Zambia none (landlocked)
Zimbabwe none (landlocked)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2107 International organization participation
Afghanistan AsDB, CP, ECO, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO (observer), WToO
Albania ACCT, BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Algeria ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
American Samoa Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU
Andorra CE, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Angola ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Anguilla Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS (associate), UPU
Antigua and Barbuda ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Argentina AfDB, Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CSN, FAO, G-6, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Armenia BSEC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Aruba ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCL, WToO (associate)
Australia ANZUS, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Paris Club, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMEE, UNMISET, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO, ZC
Austria AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Azerbaijan AsDB, BSEC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Bahamas, The ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOM, IOC, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Bahrain ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Bangladesh AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Barbados ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Belarus CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Belgium ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Belize ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Benin ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Bermuda Caricom (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU, WCO, Egmont Group, Caribbean Financial Action Task Force
Bhutan AsDB, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Bolivia CAN, CSN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Bosnia and Herzegovina BIS, CE, CEI, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Botswana ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Brazil AfDB, BIS, CSN, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
British Virgin Islands Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, OECS (associate), UNESCO (associate), UPU
Brunei APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, C, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Bulgaria ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Burkina Faso ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Burma APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Burundi ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Cambodia ACCT, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Cameroon ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Canada ACCT, AfDB, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMOVIC, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Cape Verde ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Cayman Islands Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU
Central African Republic ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC (observer), OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Chad ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Chile APEC, BIS, CSN, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
China AfDB, APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, CDB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SCO, UN, UN Security Council, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Christmas Island none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands none
Colombia BCIE, CAN, CDB, CSN, FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Comoros ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AMF, AU, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO
Congo, Democratic Republic of the ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Congo, Republic of the ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Cook Islands ACP, AsDB, FAO, ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, IFRCS, IOC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Costa Rica BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Cote d'Ivoire ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Croatia ABEDA, BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Cuba ACP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Cyprus Australia Group, C, CE, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (observer affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Czech Republic ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Denmark AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Djibouti ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Dominica ACCT, ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Dominican Republic ACP, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
East Timor ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICCt, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, MIGA, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO
Ecuador CAN, CSN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Egypt ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, ONUB, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
El Salvador BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Equatorial Guinea ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Eritrea ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Estonia Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Ethiopia ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
European Union European Union: ASEAN (dialogue member), ARF (dialogue member), EBRD, IDA, OAS (observer), OECD, WTO European Commission: Australian Group, CBSS, CERN, FAO, G-10, NSG (observer), UN (observer) European Central Bank: BIS European Investment Bank: WADB (nonregional member)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) ICFTU, UPU
Faroe Islands IMO (associate), NC, NIB, UPU
Fiji ACP, AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Finland AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
France ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, BSEC (observer), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FZ, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
French Guiana UPU, WCL, WFTU
French Polynesia FZ, ICFTU, PIF (observer), UPU, WMO
Gabon ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Gambia, The ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Georgia BSEC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Germany AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Ghana ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Gibraltar Interpol (subbureau), UPU
Greece Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, G- 6, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UPU, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Greenland NC, NIB, UPU
Grenada ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO
Guadeloupe WCL, WFTU
Guam Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU
Guatemala BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Guernsey UPU
Guinea ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Guinea-Bissau ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Guyana ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, CSN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Haiti ACCT, ACP, Caricom (suspended), FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, MIGA, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Holy See (Vatican City) CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WToO (observer), WTO (observer)
Honduras ABEDA, BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Hong Kong APEC, AsDB, BIS, ICC, ICFTU, IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), UPU, WCL, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
Hungary Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU (new member), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Iceland Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
India AfDB, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, C, CERN (observer), CP, FAO, G- 6, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Indonesia APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, CP, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Iran CP, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Iraq ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), WToO
Ireland Australia Group, BIS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Israel BIS, BSEC (observer), CE (observer), CERN (observer), EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, OAS (observer), OPCW (signatory), OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Italy AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CDB, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Jamaica ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Japan AfDB, APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CP, EBRD, FAO, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA, MIGA, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMOVIC, UNRWA, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Jordan ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Kazakhstan AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Kenya ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Kiribati ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Korea, North ARF, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Korea, South AfDB, APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CP, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Kuwait ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Kyrgyzstan AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Laos ACCT, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Latvia Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Lebanon ABEDA, ACCT, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Lesotho ACP, AfDB, AU, C, The Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Liberia ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Libya ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), WToO
Liechtenstein CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO, WTO
Lithuania ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Luxembourg ACCT, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Macau IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
Macedonia ACCT, BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Madagascar ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Malawi ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Malaysia ABEDA, APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Maldives AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Mali ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Malta Australia Group, C, CE, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (observer affiliate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Man, Isle of UPU
Marshall Islands ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO
Martinique UPU, WCL, WFTU
Mauritania ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Mauritius ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Mayotte UPU
Mexico APEC, BCIE, BIS, CDB, CE (observer), EBRD, FAO, G-3, G-6, G-15, G-19, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM (observer), NEA, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMOVIC, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Micronesia, Federated States of ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Moldova ACCT, BSEC, CE, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Monaco ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Mongolia ARF, AsDB, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Montserrat Caricom, CDB, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, UPU
Morocco ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Mozambique ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Namibia ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Nauru ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Nepal AsDB, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MICAH, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Netherlands AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Netherlands Antilles ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCL, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate)
New Caledonia FZ, ICFTU, PIF (observer), UPU, WFTU, WMO
New Zealand ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Nicaragua BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Niger ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Nigeria ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Niue ACP, FAO, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Norfolk Island UPU
Northern Mariana Islands Interpol (subbureau)
Norway AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, ESA, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Oman ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO
Pakistan ARF, AsDB, C (reinstated 2004), CP, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Palau ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO
Panama FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Papua New Guinea ACP, APEC, ARF, AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Paraguay CSN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Peru APEC, CAN, CSN, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Philippines APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, CP, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Pitcairn Islands UPU
Poland ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Portugal AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Puerto Rico ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WToO (associate)
Qatar ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO
Reunion InOC, UPU, WFTU
Romania ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Russia APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, BSEC, CBSS, CE, CERN (observer), CIS, EAPC, EBRD, G- 8, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UN Security Council, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer), ZC
Rwanda ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Saint Helena ICFTU, UPU
Saint Kitts and Nevis ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, MIGA, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO
Saint Lucia ACCT, ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Saint Pierre and Miquelon UPU, WFTU
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WTO
Samoa ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
San Marino CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Sao Tome and Principe ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Saudi Arabia ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, BIS, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Senegal ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Serbia and Montenegro BSEC, CE, CEI, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Seychelles ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Sierra Leone ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Singapore APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Slovakia Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Slovenia Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Solomon Islands ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Somalia ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
South Africa ACP, AfDB, AU, BIS, C, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, NSG, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Spain AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Sri Lanka AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Sudan ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Suriname ACP, Caricom, CSN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Svalbard none
Swaziland ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Sweden AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Switzerland ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Syria ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Taiwan APEC, AsDB, BCIE, ICC, ICFTU, IOC, WCL, WTO
Tajikistan AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Tanzania ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EADB, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Thailand APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Togo ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Tokelau UNESCO (associate), UPU
Tonga ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Trinidad and Tobago ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Tunisia ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Turkey AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CERN (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Turkmenistan AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Turks and Caicos Islands Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), UPU
Tuvalu ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, IFRCS (observer), IMO, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Uganda ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Ukraine BSEC, CE, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer), ZC
United Arab Emirates ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
United Kingdom AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UN Security Council, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
United States AfDB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CP, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-5, G-7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Uruguay CSN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Uzbekistan AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Vanuatu ACCT, ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Venezuela CAN, CDB, CSN, FAO, G-3, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Vietnam ACCT (observer), APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Virgin Islands Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU
Wallis and Futuna FZ, UPU
Western Sahara none
Yemen AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Zambia ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Zimbabwe ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2108 Merchant marine
Albania total: 25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 40,878 GRT/62,676 DWT by type: cargo 24, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 2 (Denmark 1, Turkey 1) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Algeria total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 837,676 GRT/929,847 DWT by type: bulk carrier 9, cargo 14, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 10, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 9 foreign-owned: 3 (United Kingdom 3) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Andorra registered in other countries: 1
Angola total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 26,123 GRT/42,879 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1 registered in other countries: 4 (2005)
Antigua and Barbuda total: 980 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,873,626 GRT/7,683,143 DWT by type: bulk carrier 33, cargo 630, chemical tanker 9, container 272, liquefied gas 9, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 8, roll on/roll off 17, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 923 (Australia 2, Bangladesh 4, Belgium 4, Colombia 2, Denmark 8, Estonia 2, Germany 849, Iceland 5, Latvia 5, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 1, Netherlands 11, Norway 3, Philippines 1, Russia 1, Slovenia 5, Sweden 1, Switzerland 5, Turkey 4, United Kingdom 1, United States 7) (2005)
Argentina total: 26 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 149,007 GRT/212,620 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 9, chemical tanker 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 2 (Chile 1, Uruguay 1) registered in other countries: 23 (2005)
Australia total: 55 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,531,461 GRT/1,999,409 DWT by type: bulk carrier 16, cargo 7, chemical tanker 3, container 1, liquefied gas 4, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 5 foreign-owned: 16 (France 1, Germany 3, Japan 1, Philippines 1, Saudi Arabia 1, United Kingdom 2, United States 7) registered in other countries: 35 (2005)
Austria total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 29,624 GRT/37,425 DWT by type: cargo 6, container 2 foreign-owned: 2 (Netherlands 2) registered in other countries: 19 (2005)
Azerbaijan total: 81 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 253,004 GRT/318,922 DWT by type: cargo 26, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 8, petroleum tanker 41, roll on/roll off 2, specialized tanker 2 registered in other countries: 3 (2005)
Bahamas, The total: 1,119 by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 183, cargo 259, chemical tanker 54, combination ore/oil 17, container 74, liquefied gas 28, livestock carrier 2, passenger 116, passenger/cargo 40, petroleum tanker 168, refrigerated cargo 130, roll on/roll off 20, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 24 foreign-owned: 968 (Angola 4, Australia 4, Belgium 17, Canada 9, China 3, Croatia 1, Cuba 1, Cyprus 13, Denmark 18, Estonia 1, Finland 7, France 28, Germany 15, Greece 194, Hong Kong 11, Indonesia 2, Ireland 1, Israel 1, Italy 7, Japan 49, Jordan 2, Kenya 1, Latvia 1, Malaysia 12, Monaco 15, Netherlands 24, New Zealand 1, Nigeria 2, Norway 229, Poland 13, Reunion 1, Russia 2, Saudi Arabia 12, Serbia & Montenegro 2, Singapore 11, Slovenia 1, South Korea 1, Spain 6, Sweden 9, Switzerland 4, Thailand 1, Trinidad & Tobago 2, Turkey 7, UAE 12, United Kingdom 55, United States 154, Uruguay 2) registered in other countries: 35 (2005)
Bahrain total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 219,083 GRT/312,638 DWT by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 2, container 2, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 2 (Kuwait 2) (2005)
Bangladesh total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 319,897 GRT/440,575 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 28, container 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4 foreign-owned: 10 (China 1, Singapore 9) registered in other countries: 14 (2005)
Barbados total: 58 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 427,465 GRT/668,195 DWT by type: bulk carrier 14, cargo 31, chemical tanker 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 2, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 53 (Bahamas 1, Bangladesh 1, Canada 12, Greece 11, Lebanon 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 17, UAE 1, United Kingdom 7) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Belgium total: 53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,146,301 GRT/1,588,184 DWT by type: bulk carrier 15, cargo 2, chemical tanker 2, container 8, liquefied gas 17, petroleum tanker 9 foreign-owned: 12 (Denmark 4, France 4, Greece 4) registered in other countries: 101 (2005)
Belize total: 295 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,015,270 GRT/1,336,890 DWT by type: bulk carrier 25, cargo 207, chemical tanker 9, container 6, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 20, refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 5 foreign-owned: 142 (Australia 2, Belgium 1, China 50, Cuba 1, Cyprus 1, Estonia 9, Germany 4, Hong Kong 6, Indonesia 3, Italy 2, Japan 5, Latvia 4, Malaysia 1, Nigeria 1, Pakistan 1, Poland 2, Russia 23, Singapore 5, South Korea 6, Spain 3, Switzerland 1, Turkey 2, Ukraine 4, UAE 3, United States 2) (2005)
Bermuda total: 108 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,845,326 GRT/6,501,782 DWT by type: bulk carrier 22, cargo 6, container 22, liquefied gas 13, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 7 foreign-owned: 103 (Australia 2, Canada 20, Finland 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 5, Indonesia 1, Nigeria 8, Norway 5, Sweden 9, Switzerland 2, United Kingdom 27, United States 20) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Bolivia total: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 413,407 GRT/699,901 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 16, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 11 (Argentina 1, Egypt 2, Eritrea 1, Germany 1, Iran 1, Singapore 2, United Kingdom 1, United States 2) (2005)
Brazil total: 150 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,961,431 GRT/4,725,267 DWT by type: bulk carrier 28, cargo 25, chemical tanker 7, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, liquefied gas 12, passenger/cargo 12, petroleum tanker 48, roll on/roll off 9 foreign-owned: 17 (Chile 2, Germany 7, Norway 1, Spain 7) registered in other countries: 8 (2005)
British Virgin Islands total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 83,825 GRT/155,909 DWT by type: cargo 1 registered in other countries: 7 (2005)
Brunei total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT by type: liquefied gas 8 foreign-owned: 8 (United Kingdom 8) (2005)
Bulgaria total: 64 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 757,972 GRT/1,115,238 DWT by type: bulk carrier 34, cargo 13, chemical tanker 4, container 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 3 registered in other countries: 45 (2005)
Burma total: 37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 429,144 GRT/659,622 DWT by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 19, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 3, roll on'roll off 3, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 10 (Germany 4, Japan 5, United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Cambodia total: 479 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,913,910 GRT/2,713,967 DWT by type: bulk carrier 34, cargo 396, chemical tanker 9, container 6, livestock carrier 3, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 193 (Canada 4, China 39, China 2, Cyprus 4, Egypt 5, Estonia 2, France 1, Germany 1, Greece 6, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 1, Isle of Man 1, Israel 1, Italy 1, Japan 1, Lebanon 1, Nigeria 2, Norway 1, Russia 58, Singapore 5, South Korea 23, Syria 8, Turkey 7, Ukraine 6, UAE 1, United States 7, Yemen 1) (2005)
Cameroon total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 169,593 GRT/357,023 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2005)
Canada total: 169 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,784,229 GRT/2,657,499 DWT by type: bulk carrier 22, cargo 49, chemical tanker 6, combination ore/oil 1, container 1, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 65, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 6 foreign-owned: 6 (France 1, Germany 3, United States 2) registered in other countries: 112 (2005)
Cape Verde total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,395 GRT/6,614 DWT by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2 foreign-owned: 1 (United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Cayman Islands total: 129 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,827,837 GRT/4,555,974 DWT by type: bulk carrier 29, cargo 12, chemical tanker 39, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 28, roll on/roll off 3 foreign-owned: 126 (Denmark 1, Germany 14, Greece 20, Italy 12, Norway 1, Philippines 1, Sweden 13, Switzerland 11, United Kingdom 9, United States 44) (2005)
Chile total: 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 725,216 GRT/954,519 DWT by type: bulk carrier 10, cargo 6, chemical tanker 9, container 1, liquefied gas 3, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 4 registered in other countries: 21 (2005)
China total: 1,649 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 18,724,653 GRT/27,749,784 DWT by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 362, cargo 696, chemical tanker 38, combination ore/oil 1, container 135, liquefied gas 30, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 81, petroleum tanker 246, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 10 foreign-owned: 9 (Hong Kong 4, Japan 2, South Korea 2, United States 1) registered in other countries: 872 (2005)
Colombia total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 35,427 GRT/46,301 DWT by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 11, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 2 registered in other countries: 7 (2005)
Comoros total: 79 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 452,801 GRT/681,343 DWT by type: bulk carrier 9, cargo 55, chemical tanker 1, container 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 35 (Bulgaria 1, Germany 1, Greece 7, India 1, Jordan 1, Kenya 1, Lebanon 3, Nigeria 1, Norway 1, Pakistan 1, Philippines 1, Russia 2, Syria 3, Turkey 6, Ukraine 4, United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the registered in other countries: 1
Cook Islands total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,074 GRT/7,520 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2005)
Costa Rica total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,716 GRT/ DWT by type: passenger/cargo 2 (2005)
Croatia total: 73 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 750,579 GRT/1,178,786 DWT by type: bulk carrier 25, cargo 12, chemical tanker 2, passenger/cargo 25, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: 1 (Denmark 1) registered in other countries: 31 (2005)
Cuba total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 54,818 GRT/81,850 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 4, chemical tanker 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 2 foreign-owned: 1 (Spain 1) registered in other countries: 20 (2005)
Cyprus total: 972 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 22,016,374 GRT/35,760,004 DWT by type: bulk carrier 384, cargo 248, chemical tanker 45, container 125, liquefied gas 4, passenger 8, passenger/cargo 19, petroleum tanker 103, refrigerated cargo 19, roll on/roll off 12, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: 899 (Austria 2, Belgium 1, Canada 10, China 8, Croatia 3, Cuba 5, Egypt 1, Estonia 3, France 1, Germany 236, Greece 396, Hong Kong 2, India 2, Iran 2, Israel 3, Japan 18, Latvia 7, Monaco 1, Netherlands 12, Norway 14, Philippines 1, Poland 20, Portugal 2, Russia 56, Singapore 2, Slovenia 4, South Korea 1, Spain 4, Sweden 6, Switzerland 4, Syria 2, Ukraine 3, UAE 11, United Kingdom 24, United States 31, Vietnam 1) registered in other countries: 54 (2005)
Czech Republic registered in other countries: 3
Denmark total: 287 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,952,473 GRT/9,030,444 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 67, chemical tanker 40, container 79, liquefied gas 10, livestock carrier 2, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 42, petroleum tanker 25, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 4 foreign-owned: 23 (Bahamas 14, France 1, Greece 1, Greenland 1, Norway 2, Sweden 2, UAE 1, Vietnam 1) registered in other countries: 487 (2005)
Djibouti total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT by type: cargo 1 (2005)
Dominica total: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 13,771 GRT/19,736 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 19, chemical tanker 2, container 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 21 (Estonia 6, Greece 3, Pakistan 1, Russia 2, Singapore 6, Syria 2, UAE 1) (2005)
Dominican Republic total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 11,230 GRT/17,011 DWT by type: cargo 3 (2005)
Ecuador total: 31 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 241,403 GRT/391,898 DWT by type: chemical tanker 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger 8, petroleum tanker 20 foreign-owned: 3 (Germany 1, Greece 1, Paraguay 1) (2005)
Egypt total: 77 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,194,696 GRT/1,754,815 DWT by type: bulk carrier 14, cargo 34, container 2, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 14, roll on/roll off 8 foreign-owned: 10 (Denmark 1, Greece 6, Lebanon 2, Turkey 1) registered in other countries: 34 (2005)
Equatorial Guinea total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,556 GRT/9,704 DWT by type: cargo 1 (2005)
Eritrea total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 16,069 GRT/19,549 DWT by type: cargo 3, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Estonia total: 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 212,998 GRT/177,488 DWT by type: cargo 17, passenger/cargo 20, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: 6 (Norway 6) registered in other countries: 51 (2005)
Ethiopia total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 81,933 GRT/101,287 DWT by type: cargo 6, roll on/roll off 2 (2005)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none
Faroe Islands total: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 24,051 GRT/11,998 DWT by type: cargo 6, container 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 2 foreign-owned: 8 (Denmark 2, Germany 1, Iceland 2, Norway 2, United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Fiji total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,372 GRT/7,453 DWT by type: passenger 3, passenger/cargo 2, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 1 (Australia 1) (2005)
Finland total: 94 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,152,175 GRT/1,053,906 DWT by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 27, chemical tanker 6, container 1, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 20, petroleum tanker 7, roll on/roll off 25 foreign-owned: 2 (Norway 1, United States 1) registered in other countries: 42 (2005)
France total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 703,639 GRT/889,705 DWT by type: cargo 4, chemical tanker 6, liquefied gas 4, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 30, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 6 (Sweden 5, Switzerland 1) registered in other countries: 139 (2005)
French Guiana registered in other countries: 3
French Polynesia total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 17,537 GRT/15,150 DWT by type: cargo 4, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 1 (France 1) (2005)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands total: 75 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,092,387 GRT/5,056,658 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 1, chemical tanker 21, container 19, liquefied gas 7, petroleum tanker 15, roll on/roll off 6, vehicle carrier 4 foreign-owned: 71 (Belgium 5, Denmark 2, France 45, Germany 2, Greece 2, Hong Kong 5, Japan 4, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 5) (2005)
Gambia, The total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 30,976 GRT/10,978 DWT by type: passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Switzerland 1) (2005)
Georgia total: 175 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 855,908 GRT/1,288,812 DWT by type: bulk carrier 22, cargo 133, container 3, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 6, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 105 (Albania 1, Azerbaijan 2, Cyprus 2, Egypt 3, Estonia 1, Germany 1, Greece 4, Israel 1, Lebanon 3, Romania 6, Russia 8, Syria 27, Turkey 14, Ukraine 30, UAE 2) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Germany total: 332 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,721,495 GRT/6,810,631 DWT by type: cargo 69, chemical tanker 13, container 208, liquefied gas 3, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 25, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: 5 (Finland 2, Netherlands 1, Switzerland 1, UAE 1) registered in other countries: 2,289 (2005)
Ghana total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 19,086 GRT/26,185 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 3 foreign-owned: 1 (Brazil 1) (2005)
Gibraltar total: 161 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 980,636 GRT/1,254,661 DWT by type: barge carrier 3, bulk carrier 2, cargo 96, chemical tanker 21, container 22, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 142 (Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, Finland 1, France 1, Germany 105, Greece 12, Iceland 1, Ireland 1, Italy 1, Latvia 1, Norway 8, Sweden 2, Switzerland 1, Taiwan 1, United Kingdom 3, United States 2) (2005)
Greece total: 861 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 30,186,624 GRT/52,943,968 DWT by type: bulk carrier 296, cargo 65, chemical tanker 47, combination ore/oil 2, container 46, liquefied gas 2, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 121, petroleum tanker 252, roll on/roll off 17 foreign-owned: 25 (Chile 1, China 1, Cyprus 5, Norway 6, Sweden 1, United Kingdom 11) registered in other countries: 2,208 (2005)
Greenland total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,593 GRT/3,640 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger 2 foreign-owned: 1 (Denmark 1) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Guadeloupe total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,240 GRT/109 DWT by type: passenger 1 foreign-owned: 1 (France 1) (2005)
Guyana total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,475 GRT/8,758 DWT by type: cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 1 registered in other countries: 3 (2005)
Honduras total: 137 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 598,600 GRT/616,158 DWT by type: bulk carrier 10, cargo 67, chemical tanker 6, container 2, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 30, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 44 (Canada 1, China 3, Egypt 1, Greece 4, Hong Kong 2, Israel 1, Japan 4, Lebanon 1, Mexico 1, Singapore 12, South Korea 6, Taiwan 2, Tanzania 1, Turkey 1, United States 2, Vanuatu 1, Vietnam 1) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Hong Kong total: 837 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 20,478,042 GRT/34,554,455 DWT by type: barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 446, cargo 119, chemical tanker 44, combination ore/oil 2, container 105, liquefied gas 20, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 75, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 8 foreign-owned: 453 (Australia 1, Bahamas 1, Belgium 3, Canada 9, China 246, Denmark 3, France 5, Germany 13, Greece 19, India 1, Indonesia 1, Israel 1, Japan 51, Norway 16, Philippines 13, Singapore 17, South Korea 8, Taiwan 5, Thailand 4, UAE 1, United Kingdom 32, United States 3) registered in other countries: 373 (2005)
Iceland total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,341 GRT/6,019 DWT by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 1 registered in other countries: 30 (2005)
India total: 299 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,555,507 GRT/11,069,791 DWT by type: bulk carrier 85, cargo 75, chemical tanker 13, combination ore/oil 1, container 7, liquefied gas 14, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 9, petroleum tanker 91, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 10 (Australia 1, China 1, Greece 1, UAE 6, United Kingdom 1) registered in other countries: 30 (2005)
Indonesia total: 728 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,192,847 GRT/4,319,739 DWT by type: bulk carrier 35, cargo 409, chemical tanker 19, container 36, liquefied gas 7, livestock carrier 1, passenger 41, passenger/cargo 36, petroleum tanker 125, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 13, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 2 foreign-owned: 19 (France 1, Japan 3, Philippines 1, Singapore 11, Switzerland 1, United Kingdom 2) registered in other countries: 113 (2005)
Iran total: 144 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,715,242 GRT/8,240,069 DWT by type: bulk carrier 38, cargo 49, chemical tanker 4, container 14, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 30, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 1 (UAE 1) registered in other countries: 8 (2005)
Iraq total: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 83,221 GRT/125,255 DWT by type: cargo 11, petroleum tanker 3 (2005)
Ireland total: 39 by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 27, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 4, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 11 (Germany 3, Italy 3, Norway 1, Switzerland 1, United Kingdom 3) registered in other countries: 18 (2005)
Israel total: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 752,873 GRT/881,711 DWT by type: cargo 1, container 16 registered in other countries: 48 (2005)
Italy total: 565 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 8,970,017 GRT/10,354,685 DWT by type: bulk carrier 38, cargo 43, chemical tanker 128, combination ore/oil 1, container 19, liquefied gas 38, livestock carrier 2, passenger 16, passenger/cargo 152, petroleum tanker 53, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 34, specialized tanker 11, vehicle carrier 26 foreign-owned: 47 (France 3, Greece 7, Monaco 2, Switzerland 5, Taiwan 8, Turkey 2, United Kingdom 5, United States 15) registered in other countries: 125 (2005)
Jamaica total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 74,881 GRT/100,682 DWT by type: bulk carrier 5, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 3 foreign-owned: 8 (Germany 2, Greece 5, UAE 1) (2005)
Japan total: 702 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 10,149,196 GRT/12,680,544 DWT by type: bulk carrier 136, cargo 29, chemical tanker 23, container 13, liquefied gas 53, passenger 16, passenger/cargo 157, petroleum tanker 160, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 52, vehicle carrier 59 registered in other countries: 2,233 (2005)
Jordan total: 20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 78,814 GRT/92,695 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 7, container 2, passenger/cargo 5, roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: 12 (Greece 3, UAE 9) registered in other countries: 14 (2005)
Kazakhstan total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,064 GRT/646 DWT by type: cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 2 (United Kingdom 2) (2005)
Kenya total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,049 GRT/7,082 DWT by type: cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1 registered in other countries: 6 (2005)
Kiribati total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT by type: passenger/cargo 1 (2005)
Korea, North total: 238 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 985,108 GRT/1,389,389 DWT by type: bulk carrier 13, cargo 191, container 2, livestock carrier 4, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 13, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 5 foreign-owned: 52 (China 1, Denmark 2, France 1, Greece 4, Italy 1, Lebanon 4, Lithuania 1, Netherlands 1, Pakistan 2, Romania 10, Russia 2, Singapore 2, South Korea 2, Syria 9, Turkey 6, Ukraine 1, UAE 3) (2005)
Korea, South total: 601 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,992,656 GRT/11,081,142 DWT by type: bulk carrier 125, cargo 196, chemical tanker 88, container 71, liquefied gas 20, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 22, petroleum tanker 51, refrigerated cargo 15, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 3 foreign-owned: 2 (Germany 1, United Kingdom 1) registered in other countries: 366 (2005)
Kuwait total: 39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,319,082 GRT/3,768,828 DWT by type: bulk carrier 3, container 6, liquefied gas 5, livestock carrier 5, petroleum tanker 20 registered in other countries: 19 (2005)
Laos total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) 2,370 GRT/3,110 DWT by type: cargo 1 (2005)
Latvia total: 19 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 53,153 GRT/37,414 DWT by type: cargo 7, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 1 registered in other countries: 86 (2005)
Lebanon total: 44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 198,602 GRT/248,313 DWT by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 26, livestock carrier 8, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2, vehicle carrier 3 foreign-owned: 6 (Austria 1, Greece 5) registered in other countries: 40 (2005)
Liberia total: 1,465 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 50,555,752 GRT/79,125,329 DWT by type: barge carrier 3, bulk carrier 275, cargo 91, chemical tanker 173, combination ore/oil 22, container 388, liquefied gas 78, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 324, refrigerated cargo 57, roll on/roll off 6, specialized tanker 9, vehicle carrier 35 foreign-owned: 1,392 (Argentina 8, Australia 2, Austria 13, Bahamas 3, Brazil 6, British 1, Canada 2, Chile 1, China 36, Croatia 7, Cyprus 1, Denmark 5, France 3, Germany 511, Greece 149, Hong Kong 29, India 4, Indonesia 1, Isle of Man 5, Israel 7, Italy 12, Japan 106, Latvia 18, Monaco 10, Netherlands 18, Nigeria 1, Norway 57, Pakistan 1, Poland 14, Romania 1, Russia 63, Saudi Arabia 23, Singapore 29, Slovenia 1, South Korea 4, Sweden 12, Switzerland 10, Taiwan 54, Turkey 4, Ukraine 7, UAE 10, United Kingdom 56, United States 84, Uruguay 3) (2005)
Libya total: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 129,627 GRT/105,110 DWT by type: cargo 7, liquefied gas 3, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: 1 (Algeria 1) (2005)
Lithuania total: 54 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 296,856 GRT/317,731 DWT by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 24, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 12 (Denmark 12) registered in other countries: 16 (2005)
Luxembourg total: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 652,454 GRT/805,101 DWT by type: chemical tanker 16, container 6, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 6, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 40 (Belgium 12, Finland 3, France 8, Germany 10, Netherlands 4, United States 3) (2005)
Madagascar total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 14,865 GRT/17,936 DWT by type: cargo 5, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2 registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Malaysia total: 346 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,389,397 GRT/7,539,178 DWT by type: bulk carrier 45, cargo 109, chemical tanker 38, container 47, liquefied gas 26, livestock carrier 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 62, roll on/roll off 6, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: 77 (China 1, Hong Kong 12, Japan 3, Singapore 61) registered in other countries: 59 (2005)
Maldives total: 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 57,118 GRT/72,831 DWT by type: cargo 12, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1 registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Malta total: 1,140 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 25,102,401 GRT/41,176,791 DWT by type: barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 438, cargo 303, chemical tanker 70, combination ore/oil 2, container 54, liquefied gas 8, livestock carrier 1, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 13, petroleum tanker 162, refrigerated cargo 43, roll on/roll off 26, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 13 foreign-owned: 1,080 (Austria 3, Azerbaijan 1, Bangladesh 3, Belgium 12, British 1, Bulgaria 18, Canada 9, China 15, Croatia 10, Cyprus 2, Czech Republic 2, Estonia 2, Finland 1, France 5, Germany 51, Greece 527, Hong Kong 1, Iceland 7, Iran 4, Israel 26, Italy 17, Japan 2, Latvia 30, Lebanon 6, Madagascar 1, Monaco 3, Netherlands 3, Norway 42, Pakistan 2, Poland 24, Portugal 4, Romania 5, Russia 64, Slovenia 3, South Korea 4, Sweden 3, Switzerland 32, Syria 6, Taiwan 1, Turkey 87, Ukraine 25, UAE 5, United Kingdom 8, United States 3) registered in other countries: 3 (2005)
Man, Isle of total: 267 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,834,626 GRT/11,354,689 DWT by type: bulk carrier 31, cargo 54, chemical tanker 45, combination ore/oil 1, container 15, liquefied gas 46, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 53, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 10, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: 253 (Australia 1, Bahamas 8, Denmark 39, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 20, Hong Kong 3, Italy 7, Japan 4, Netherlands 2, New Zealand 1, Norway 18, Singapore 2, Sweden 1, Turkey 2, United Kingdom 86, United States 2) registered in other countries: 9 (2005)
Marshall Islands total: 540 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 16,954,092 GRT/28,176,762 DWT by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 83, cargo 47, chemical tanker 77, combination ore/oil 12, container 88, liquefied gas 16, passenger 8, petroleum tanker 192, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 6, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: 462 (Australia 1, Bahamas 1, Bermuda 1, Canada 4, Chile 2, Croatia 2, Cyprus 7, Denmark 2, Georgia 1, Germany 124, Greece 106, Hong Kong 7, India 1, Italy 1, Japan 5, Latvia 6, Monaco 9, Netherlands 4, New Zealand 1, Norway 21, Philippines 1, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Singapore 2, Slovenia 2, Spain 1, Switzerland 5, Taiwan 1, Turkey 11, Ukraine 1, UAE 3, United Kingdom 15, United States 112) (2005)
Mauritius total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 22,946 GRT/27,102 DWT by type: bulk carrier 4, passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 2 foreign-owned: 6 (India 4, Switzerland 2) (2005)
Mexico total: 57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 649,389 GRT/942,766 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 6, chemical tanker 5, liquefied gas 5, passenger/cargo 9, petroleum tanker 26, roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: 4 (Denmark 1, Germany 1, UAE 1, United States 1) registered in other countries: 6 (2005)
Micronesia, Federated States of total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,423 GRT/1,551 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 foreign-owned: 2 (United States 2) (2005)
Moldova total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,636 GRT/1,088 DWT by type: cargo 2 (2005)
Monaco registered in other countries: 54 (2005)
Mongolia total: 65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 339,423 GRT/533,853 DWT by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 54, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 38 (China 2, Lebanon 1, Philippines 1, Russia 10, Singapore 10, South Korea 1, Syria 1, Thailand 1, Ukraine 1, UAE 4, Vietnam 6) (2005)
Morocco total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 236,131 GRT/252,367 DWT by type: cargo 6, chemical tanker 6, container 8, passenger/cargo 13, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 5 foreign-owned: 6 (France 1, Germany 2, Switzerland 2, United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Mozambique total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT by type: cargo 2 foreign-owned: 2 (Belgium 2) (2005)
Namibia total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) 2,265 GRT/3,605 DWT by type: cargo 1 (2005)
Netherlands total: 558 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,796,460 GRT/5,212,557 DWT by type: bulk carrier 14, cargo 361, chemical tanker 32, container 48, liquefied gas 13, passenger 11, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 14, refrigerated cargo 32, roll on/roll off 15, specialized tanker 4 foreign-owned: 139 (Bahamas 5, Belgium 2, Canada 1, Denmark 4, Finland 7, Germany 62, Ireland 13, Norway 9, Sweden 19, United Kingdom 6, United States 11) registered in other countries: 223 (2005)
Netherlands Antilles total: 168 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,317,007 GRT/1,668,499 DWT by type: barge carrier 3, bulk carrier 23, cargo 72, chemical tanker 2, container 21, liquefied gas 6, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 2 foreign-owned: 158 (Belgium 5, Cyprus 1, Denmark 1, Germany 57, Hong Kong 3, Netherlands 71, Peru 1, Sweden 9, Turkey 7, United Kingdom 2, United States 1) (2005)
New Caledonia total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 (2005)
New Zealand total: 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 77,523 GRT/108,352 DWT by type: cargo 3, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, bulk carrier 3 foreign-owned: 2 (Germany 1, Isle of Man 1) registered in other countries: 5 (2005)
Nigeria total: 46 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 327,808 GRT/608,076 DWT by type: cargo 5, chemical tanker 6, combination ore/oil 1, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 31, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Norway 2, Pakistan 1) registered in other countries: 25 (2005)
Norway total: 740 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 18,820,495 GRT/27,449,456 DWT by type: bulk carrier 51, cargo 168, chemical tanker 142, combination ore/oil 20, container 3, liquefied gas 81, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 113, petroleum tanker 79, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 30, vehicle carrier 42 foreign-owned: 174 (Belgium 1, China 3, Cyprus 5, Denmark 28, Estonia 2, Finland 5, Germany 4, Hong Kong 52, Iceland 3, Italy 3, Japan 3, Lithuania 1, Monaco 1, Netherlands 4, Poland 2, Saudi Arabia 7, Singapore 10, Sweden 24, United States 16) registered in other countries: 1,117 (2005)
Oman total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 15,430 GRT/6,360 DWT by type: passenger 1 (2005)
Pakistan total: 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 329,486 GRT/512,506 DWT by type: cargo 10, petroleum tanker 3 registered in other countries: 14 (2005)
Panama total: 5,005 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 122,960,929 GRT/183,615,337 DWT by type: barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 1,548, cargo 886, chemical tanker 465, combination ore/oil 13, container 605, liquefied gas 183, livestock carrier 8, passenger 42, passenger/cargo 77, petroleum tanker 521, refrigerated cargo 298, roll on/roll off 97, specialized tanker 5, vehicle carrier 256 foreign-owned: 4,388 (Andorra 1, Argentina 9, Australia 3, Bahamas 1, Belgium 14, Brazil 1, Canada 1, Chile 14, China 310, Colombia 5, Croatia 1, Cuba 9, Cyprus 7, Denmark 13, Egypt 15, France 7, Germany 23, Greece 546, Hong Kong 159, India 8, Indonesia 46, Ireland 1, Isle of Man 2, Israel 3, Italy 8, Japan 1814, Jordan 9, Latvia 2, Lithuania 5, Malaysia 11, Maldives 1, Malta 1, Mexico 4, Monaco 8, Netherlands 22, New Zealand 1, Nigeria 6, Norway 66, Pakistan 1, Peru 13, Philippines 15, Poland 19, Portugal 8, Romania 13, Russia 4, Saudi Arabia 4, Singapore 54, South Africa 3, South Korea 292, Spain 41, Sri Lanka 1, Sudan 1, Sweden 4, Switzerland 188, Syria 7, Taiwan 301, Thailand 10, Trinidad & Tobago 1, Tunisia 1, Turkey 18, Ukraine 9, UAE 83, United Kingdom 29, United States 88, Venezuela 20, Vietnam 2, Yemen 1) (2005)
Papua New Guinea total: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 47,586 GRT/60,934 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 17, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 2 foreign-owned: 8 (Singapore 2, United Kingdom 6) (2005)
Paraguay total: 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 31,667 GRT/30,826 DWT by type: cargo 15, livestock carrier 1, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 2 (Argentina 2) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Peru total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 13,666 GRT/17,611 DWT by type: cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (United States 1) registered in other countries: 14 (2005)
Philippines total: 419 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,524,259 GRT/6,437,171 DWT by type: bulk carrier 85, cargo 109, chemical tanker 13, container 5, liquefied gas 7, livestock carrier 15, passenger 11, passenger/cargo 73, petroleum tanker 47, refrigerated cargo 23, roll on/roll off 17, vehicle carrier 14 foreign-owned: 69 (Canada 1, China 2, Germany 2, Greece 5, Hong Kong 2, Japan 31, Malaysia 2, Netherlands 20, Norway 1, UAE 1, United States 2) registered in other countries: 40 (2005)
Poland total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 154,710 GRT/228,132 DWT by type: cargo 3, chemical tanker 2, passenger/cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 registered in other countries: 107 (2005)
Portugal total: 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 872,557 GRT/1,236,025 DWT by type: bulk carrier 10, cargo 38, chemical tanker 14, container 7, liquefied gas 9, passenger 8, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 9, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 8 foreign-owned: 97 (Australia 1, Belgium 6, Denmark 5, Germany 18, Greece 4, Iceland 1, Italy 11, Japan 8, Lebanon 1, Malta 1, Norway 4, Spain 19, Switzerland 4) registered in other countries: 28 (2005)
Puerto Rico total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 36,728 GRT/37,048 DWT by type: roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 2 (United States 2) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Qatar total: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 525,051 GRT/772,635 DWT by type: cargo 3, chemical tanker 5, container 8, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 6 (Kuwait 6) (2005)
Reunion total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT by type: chemical tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (France 1) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Romania total: 34 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 395,350 GRT/510,232 DWT by type: bulk carrier 5, cargo 20, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: 2 (Italy 2) registered in other countries: 39 (2005)
Russia total: 1,194 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,521,472 GRT/5,505,118 DWT by type: barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 45, cargo 767, chemical tanker 20, combination ore/oil 48, container 21, passenger 11, passenger/cargo 8, petroleum tanker 213, refrigerated cargo 46, roll on/roll off 12, specialized tanker 2 foreign-owned: 56 (Belgium 2, Cyprus 1, Estonia 2, Germany 1, Hong Kong 1, Latvia 3, Norway 1, Sweden 1, Turkey 28, Ukraine 10, United Kingdom 2, United States 4) registered in other countries: 326 (2005)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 657 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,967,418 GRT/9,041,023 DWT by type: bulk carrier 112, cargo 366, chemical tanker 18, combination ore/oil 1, container 24, liquefied gas 4, livestock carrier 6, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 19, petroleum tanker 29, refrigerated cargo 48, roll on/roll off 22, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 554 (Australia 2, Bangladesh 5, Barbados 1, Belgium 1, British 5, Bulgaria 17, China 115, Congo 1, Croatia 7, Cuba 1, Czech Republic 1, Denmark 12, Egypt 2, Estonia 19, France 12, Germany 8, Greece 99, Guyana 3, Hong Kong 10, Iceland 11, India 6, Iran 1, Ireland 1, Israel 3, Italy 18, Kenya 4, Latvia 9, Lebanon 6, Lithuania 3, Monaco 4, Netherlands 7, Nigeria 3, Norway 19, Pakistan 4, Poland 1, Puerto Rico 1, Romania 1, Russia 20, Saudi Arabia 3, Serbia & Montenegro 1, Singapore 2, Slovenia 6, South Korea 3, Spain 2, Sweden 1, Switzerland 7, Syria 6, Trinidad & Tobago 1, Tunisia 2, Turkey 16, Ukraine 6, UAE 21, United Kingdom 10, United States 24) (2005)
Samoa total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,091 GRT/8,127 DWT by type: cargo 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Germany 1) (2005)
Sao Tome and Principe total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 79,490 GRT/97,077 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 11, chemical tanker 2 foreign-owned: 2 (Egypt 1, Greece 1) (2005)
Saudi Arabia total: 64 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,306,706 GRT/1,963,191 DWT by type: cargo 5, chemical tanker 12, container 4, passenger/cargo 8, petroleum tanker 23, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 9 foreign-owned: 14 (Egypt 2, Hong Kong 1, Kuwait 5, Singapore 1, Sudan 1, UAE 1, United Kingdom 3) registered in other countries: 54 (2005)
Serbia and Montenegro total: 2 by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1 foreign-owned: 2 (Finland 1, Turkey 1) registered in other countries: 3 (2005)
Seychelles total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 42,223 GRT/63,538 DWT by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Nigeria 1) (2005)
Sierra Leone total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,435 GRT/8,750 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 2 (2005)
Singapore total: 923 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 23,065,290 GRT/36,393,317 DWT by type: bulk carrier 138, cargo 86, chemical tanker 115, combination ore/oil 5, container 180, liquefied gas 42, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 316, refrigerated cargo 3, vehicle carrier 36 foreign-owned: 487 (Australia 5, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 10, China 15, Denmark 34, Germany 7, Greece 5, Hong Kong 43, India 3, Indonesia 54, Japan 83, Malaysia 31, Norway 83, Philippines 3, Russia 1, Slovenia 1, South Korea 12, Sweden 12, Taiwan 44, Thailand 17, UAE 6, United Kingdom 12, United States 5) registered in other countries: 276 (2005)
Slovakia total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 41,891 GRT/63,185 DWT by type: bulk carrier 5, cargo 18, chemical tanker 1 foreign-owned: 18 (Bulgaria 8, Estonia 1, Greece 1, Syria 1, Turkey 6, United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Slovenia registered in other countries: 23
South Africa total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 31,505 GRT/37,091 DWT by type: container 1, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Denmark 1) registered in other countries: 7 (2005)
Spain total: 182 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,740,974 GRT/2,157,551 DWT by type: bulk carrier 10, cargo 22, chemical tanker 16, container 19, liquefied gas 8, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 47, petroleum tanker 20, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 25, vehicle carrier 7 foreign-owned: 29 (Cuba 2, Denmark 1, Germany 9, Italy 2, Norway 6, United States 7, Uruguay 2) registered in other countries: 192 (2005)
Sri Lanka total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 120,924 GRT/173,604 DWT by type: cargo 18, container 2, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 2 foreign-owned: 10 (Germany 10) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Sudan total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 20,466 GRT/26,973 DWT by type: cargo 1, livestock carrier 1 registered in other countries: 2 (2005)
Suriname total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,078 GRT/1,214 DWT by type: cargo 1 (2005)
Sweden total: 205 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,702,763 GRT/1,884,570 DWT by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 33, chemical tanker 51, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 37, petroleum tanker 14, roll on/roll off 37, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 22 foreign-owned: 42 (Belgium 2, Denmark 4, Finland 11, Germany 6, Italy 7, Japan 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 9) registered in other countries: 155 (2005)
Switzerland total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 604,843 GRT/1,050,914 DWT by type: bulk carrier 12, cargo 6, chemical tanker 2, container 3 foreign-owned: 6 (United Kingdom 6) registered in other countries: 291 (2005)
Syria total: 120 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 446,981 GRT/636,620 DWT by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 105, container 1, livestock carrier 4, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 12 (Egypt 1, Greece 1, Jordan 2, Lebanon 7, Romania 1) registered in other countries: 73 (2005)
Taiwan total: 126 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,417,768 GRT/5,617,318 DWT by type: bulk carrier 36, cargo 23, chemical tanker 2, container 37, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 15, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Hong Kong 3) registered in other countries: 432 (2005)
Tanzania total: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 25,481 GRT/31,011 DWT by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 4 registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Thailand total: 386 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,038,597 GRT/3,104,712 DWT by type: bulk carrier 57, cargo 142, chemical tanker 12, combination ore/oil 1, container 21, liquefied gas 25, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 89, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 55 (Indonesia 1, Japan 3, Norway 45, Singapore 6) registered in other countries: 35 (2005)
Togo total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT by type: cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 (2005)
Tonga total: 29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 136,977 GRT/200,751 DWT by type: cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 7 (Cyprus 1, France 1, Greece 1, Norway 1, Romania 2, United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Trinidad and Tobago total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,178 GRT/3,633 DWT by type: passenger 2, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (United States 1) registered in other countries: 4 (2005)
Tunisia total: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 124,733 GRT/122,664 DWT by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 1, chemical tanker 5, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 1 registered in other countries: 3 (2005)
Turkey total: 526 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,666,895 GRT/7,311,504 DWT by type: bulk carrier 108, cargo 228, chemical tanker 45, combination ore/oil 1, container 25, liquefied gas 6, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 50, petroleum tanker 33, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 22, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 8 (Cyprus 3, Denmark 2, Greece 1, Italy 1, Switzerland 1) registered in other countries: 231 (2005)
Turkmenistan total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,873 GRT/8,345 DWT by type: cargo 3, combination ore/oil 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1 (2005)
Tuvalu total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 54,993 GRT/86,048 DWT by type: cargo 20, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 2 foreign-owned: 16 (China 9, Germany 2, Hong Kong 4, Thailand 1) (2005)
Ukraine total: 201 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 675,904 GRT/709,802 DWT by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 148, container 4, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 7, specialized tanker 2 foreign-owned: 1 (Russia 1) registered in other countries: 113 (2005)
United Arab Emirates total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 578,477 GRT/739,823 DWT by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 11, chemical tanker 5, container 6, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 21, roll on/roll off 7 foreign-owned: 14 (Greece 2, Kuwait 6) registered in other countries: 200 (2005)
United Kingdom total: 429 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 9,181,284 GRT/9,566,275 DWT by type: bulk carrier 18, cargo 55, chemical tanker 48, container 134, liquefied gas 11, passenger 12, passenger/cargo 64, petroleum tanker 40, refrigerated cargo 19, roll on/roll off 25, vehicle carrier 3 foreign-owned: 202 (Australia 3, Canada 15, Denmark 38, Finland 2, Germany 56, Greece 4, Ireland 1, Italy 9, Netherlands 12, Norway 28, South Africa 4, Sweden 15, Taiwan 7, United States 8) registered in other countries: 446 (2005)
United States total: 486 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 12,436,658 GRT/14,630,116 DWT by type: barge carrier 7, bulk carrier 19, cargo 152, chemical tanker 19, container 92, passenger 17, passenger/cargo 57, petroleum tanker 79, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 28, vehicle carrier 14 foreign-owned: 49 (Australia 2, Canada 8, China 1, Denmark 20, Malaysia 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 2, Singapore 11, Sweden 1, United Kingdom 1) registered in other countries: 680 (2005)
Uruguay total: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 10,918 GRT/10,342 DWT by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 4 (Argentina 3, Greece 1) registered in other countries: 8 (2005)
Vanuatu total: 52 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,192,474 GRT/1,560,828 DWT by type: bulk carrier 22, cargo 16, container 1, liquefied gas 2, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 2, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: 52 (Australia 2, Canada 5, Estonia 1, Greece 1, Israel 1, Japan 25, New Zealand 1, Poland 11, Russia 1, Switzerland 2, Thailand 1, United States 1) registered in other countries: 1 (2005)
Venezuela total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 740,919 GRT/1,191,483 DWT by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 16, chemical tanker 1, container 1, liquefied gas 5, passenger/cargo 9, petroleum tanker 19, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 9 (Denmark 2, Greece 1, Hong Kong 2, Mexico 1, Russia 2, Spain 1) registered in other countries: 20 (2005)
Vietnam total: 194 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,170,621 GRT/1,798,376 DWT by type: bulk carrier 18, cargo 142, chemical tanker 3, container 2, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 22, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 1 registered in other countries: 11 (2005)
Wallis and Futuna total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 74,754 GRT/1,187 DWT by type: passenger 4 foreign-owned: 4 (France 3, United States 1) (2005)
World total ships: 30,936 (2005)
Yemen total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 19,766 GRT/24,794 DWT by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 registered in other countries: 2 (2005)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2109 National holiday
Afghanistan Independence Day, 19 August (1919)
Albania Independence Day, 28 November (1912)
Algeria Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)
American Samoa Flag Day, 17 April (1900)
Andorra Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Angola Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
Anguilla Anguilla Day, 30 May
Antigua and Barbuda Independence Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)
Argentina Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)
Armenia Independence Day, 21 September (1991)
Aruba Flag Day, 18 March
Australia Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Austria National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the State Treaty restoring national sovereignty and the end of occupation and the passage of the law on permanent neutrality
Azerbaijan Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, 28 May (1918)
Bahamas, The Independence Day, 10 July (1973)
Bahrain National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection
Bangladesh Independence Day, 26 March (1971); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh
Barbados Independence Day, 30 November (1966)
Belarus Independence Day, 3 July (1944); note - 3 July 1944 was the date Minsk was liberated from German troops, 25 August 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Belgium 21 July (1831) ascension to the Throne of King Leopold I
Belize Independence Day, 21 September (1981)
Benin National Day, 1 August (1960)
Bermuda Bermuda Day, 24 May
Bhutan National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907)
Bolivia Independence Day, 6 August (1825)
Bosnia and Herzegovina National Day, 25 November (1943)
Botswana Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)
Brazil Independence Day, 7 September (1822)
British Virgin Islands Territory Day, 1 July
Brunei National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Bulgaria Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)
Burkina Faso Republic Day, 11 December (1958)
Burma Independence Day, 4 January (1948); Union Day, 12 February (1947)
Burundi Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Cambodia Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Cameroon Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)
Canada Canada Day, 1 July (1867)
Cape Verde Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Cayman Islands Constitution Day, first Monday in July
Central African Republic Republic Day, 1 December (1958)
Chad Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Chile Independence Day, 18 September (1810)
China Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949)
Christmas Island Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Colombia Independence Day, 20 July (1810)
Comoros Independence Day, 6 July (1975)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Independence Day, 30 June (1960)
Congo, Republic of the Independence Day, 15 August (1960)
Cook Islands Constitution Day, first Monday in August (1965)
Costa Rica Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Cote d'Ivoire Independence Day, 7 August (1960)
Croatia Independence Day, 8 October (1991); note - 25 June 1991 is the day the Croatian Parliament voted for independence; following a 3-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, Parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia
Cuba Independence Day, 10 December (1898); note - 10 December 1898 is the date of independence from Spain, 20 May 1902 is the date of independence from US administration; Rebellion Day, 26 July (1953)
Cyprus Independence Day, 1 October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as Independence Day
Czech Republic Czech Founding Day, 28 October (1918)
Denmark none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June (1849) is generally viewed as the National Day
Djibouti Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
Dominica Independence Day, 3 November (1978)
Dominican Republic Independence Day, 27 February (1844)
East Timor Independence Day, 28 November (1975)
Ecuador Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)
Egypt Revolution Day, 23 July (1952)
El Salvador Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Equatorial Guinea Independence Day, 12 October (1968)
Eritrea Independence Day, 24 May (1993)
Estonia Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 is the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia; 20 August 1991 is the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union
Ethiopia National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)
European Union Europe Day 9 May (1950); note - a Union-wide holiday, the day that Robert Schuman proposed the creation of an organized Europe
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Faroe Islands Olaifest (Olavasoka), 29 July
Fiji Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970)
Finland Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
France Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
French Guiana Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
French Polynesia Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Gabon Founding of the Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG), 12 March (1968)
Gambia, The Independence Day, 18 February (1965)
Georgia Independence Day, 26 May (1918); note - 26 May 1918 is the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 9 April 1991 is the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Germany Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
Ghana Independence Day, 6 March (1957)
Gibraltar National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Greece Independence Day, 25 March (1821)
Greenland June 21 (longest day)
Grenada Independence Day, 7 February (1974)
Guadeloupe Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Guam Discovery Day, first Monday in March (1521)
Guatemala Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Guernsey Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Guinea Independence Day, 2 October (1958)
Guinea-Bissau Independence Day, 24 September (1973)
Guyana Republic Day, 23 February (1970)
Haiti Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
Holy See (Vatican City) Coronation Day of Pope BENEDICT XVI, 24 April (2005)
Honduras Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Hong Kong National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 1 July 1997 is celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Hungary Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August
Iceland Independence Day, 17 June (1944)
India Republic Day, 26 January (1950)
Indonesia Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Iran Republic Day, 1 April (1979) note: additional holidays celebrated widely in Iran include Revolution Day, 11 February (1979); Noruz (New Year's Day), 21 March; Constitutional Monarchy Day, 5 August (1925)
Iraq Revolution Day, 17 July (1968); note - this holiday was celebrated under the SADDAM Husayn regime but the Iraqi Interim Government has yet to declare a new national holiday
Ireland Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March
Israel Independence Day, 14 May (1948); note - Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May
Italy Republic Day, 2 June (1946)
Jamaica Independence Day, 6 August (1962)
Japan Birthday of Emperor AKIHITO, 23 December (1933)
Jersey Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Jordan Independence Day, 25 May (1946)
Kazakhstan Independence Day, 16 December (1991)
Kenya Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
Kiribati Independence Day, 12 July (1979)
Korea, North Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), 9 September (1948)
Korea, South Liberation Day, 15 August (1945)
Kuwait National Day, 25 February (1950)
Kyrgyzstan Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
Laos Republic Day, 2 December (1975)
Latvia Independence Day, 18 November (1918); note - 18 November 1918 is the date Latvia declared itself independent from Soviet Russia; 4 May 1990 is when it declared the renewal of independence; 21 August 1991 is the date of de facto independence from the Soviet Union
Lebanon Independence Day, 22 November (1943)
Lesotho Independence Day, 4 October (1966)
Liberia Independence Day, 26 July (1847)
Libya Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Liechtenstein Assumption Day, 15 August
Lithuania Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 is the date Lithuania declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 11 March 1990 is the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union
Luxembourg National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June
Macau National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Macedonia Uprising Day, 2 August (1903); note - also known as Saint Elijah's Day and Ilinden
Madagascar Independence Day, 26 June (1960)
Malawi Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)
Malaysia Independence Day/Malaysia Day, 31 August (1957)
Maldives Independence Day, 26 July (1965)
Mali Independence Day, 22 September (1960)
Malta Independence Day, 21 September (1964)
Man, Isle of Tynwald Day, 5 July
Marshall Islands Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)
Martinique Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Mauritania Independence Day, 28 November (1960)
Mauritius Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Mayotte Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Mexico Independence Day, 16 September (1810)
Micronesia, Federated States of Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)
Moldova Independence Day, 27 August (1991)
Monaco National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Mongolia Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
Montserrat Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Morocco Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999)
Mozambique Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Namibia Independence Day, 21 March (1990)
Nauru Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nepal Birthday of King GYANENDRA, 7 July (1946)
Netherlands Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April
Netherlands Antilles Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April
New Caledonia Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
New Zealand Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nicaragua Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Niger Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nigeria Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
Niue Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Norfolk Island Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856)
Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)
Norway Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)
Oman Birthday of Sultan QABOOS, 18 November (1940)
Pakistan Republic Day, 23 March (1956)
Palau Constitution Day, 9 July (1979)
Panama Independence Day, 3 November (1903)
Papua New Guinea Independence Day, 16 September (1975)
Paraguay Independence Day, 14 May 1811 (observed 15 May annually)
Peru Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Philippines Independence Day, 12 June (1898) note: 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain; 4 July 1946 was date of independence from US
Pitcairn Islands Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Poland Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)
Portugal Portugal Day, 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died
Puerto Rico US Independence Day, 4 July (1776); Puerto Rico Constitution Day, 25 July (1952)
Qatar Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
Reunion Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Romania Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)
Russia Russia Day, 12 June (1990)
Rwanda Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Saint Helena Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Saint Kitts and Nevis Independence Day, 19 September (1983)
Saint Lucia Independence Day, 22 February (1979)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Independence Day, 27 October (1979)
Samoa Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, 1 June 1962 is the date that independence is celebrated
San Marino Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Sao Tome and Principe Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Saudi Arabia Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September (1932)
Senegal Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Serbia and Montenegro National Day, 27 April
Seychelles Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993)
Sierra Leone Independence Day, 27 April (1961)
Singapore National Day, 9 August (1965)
Slovakia Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)
Slovenia Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
Solomon Islands Independence Day, 7 July (1978)
Somalia Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960); note - 26 June (1960) in Somaliland
South Africa Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)
Spain National Day, 12 October
Sri Lanka Independence Day, 4 February (1948)
Sudan Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Suriname Independence Day, 25 November (1975)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland Independence Day, 6 September (1968)
Sweden Flag Day, 6 June
Switzerland Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)
Syria Independence Day, 17 April (1946)
Taiwan Republic Day (Anniversary of the Chinese Revolution), 10 October (1911)
Tajikistan Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)
Tanzania Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Thailand Birthday of King PHUMIPHON, 5 December (1927)
Togo Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Tokelau Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Tonga Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)
Trinidad and Tobago Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Tunisia Independence Day, 20 March (1956)
Turkey Republic Day, 29 October (1923)
Turkmenistan Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)
Tuvalu Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Uganda Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Ukraine Independence Day, 24 August (1991); the date of 22 January (1918), the day Ukraine first declared its independence (from Soviet Russia), is now celebrated as Unity Day
United Arab Emirates Independence Day, 2 December (1971)
United Kingdom the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday
United States Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
Uruguay Independence Day, 25 August (1825)
Uzbekistan Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Vanuatu Independence Day, 30 July (1980)
Venezuela Independence Day, 5 July (1811)
Vietnam Independence Day, 2 September (1945)
Virgin Islands Transfer Day (from Denmark to the US), 27 March (1917)
Wallis and Futuna Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Yemen Unification Day, 22 May (1990)
Zambia Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Zimbabwe Independence Day, 18 April (1980)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2110 Nationality
Afghanistan noun: Afghan(s) adjective: Afghan
Albania noun: Albanian(s) adjective: Albanian
Algeria noun: Algerian(s) adjective: Algerian
American Samoa noun: American Samoan(s) adjective: American Samoan
Andorra noun: Andorran(s) adjective: Andorran
Angola noun: Angolan(s) adjective: Angolan
Anguilla noun: Anguillan(s) adjective: Anguillan
Antigua and Barbuda noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s) adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan
Argentina noun: Argentine(s) adjective: Argentine
Armenia noun: Armenian(s) adjective: Armenian
Aruba noun: Aruban(s) adjective: Aruban; Dutch
Australia noun: Australian(s) adjective: Australian
Austria noun: Austrian(s) adjective: Austrian
Azerbaijan noun: Azerbaijani(s) adjective: Azerbaijani
Bahamas, The noun: Bahamian(s) adjective: Bahamian
Bahrain noun: Bahraini(s) adjective: Bahraini
Bangladesh noun: Bangladeshi(s) adjective: Bangladeshi
Barbados noun: Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial) adjective: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)
Belarus noun: Belarusian(s) adjective: Belarusian
Belgium noun: Belgian(s) adjective: Belgian
Belize noun: Belizean(s) adjective: Belizean
Benin noun: Beninese (singular and plural) adjective: Beninese
Bermuda noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian
Bhutan noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural) adjective: Bhutanese
Bolivia noun: Bolivian(s) adjective: Bolivian
Bosnia and Herzegovina noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s) adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian
Botswana noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Brazil noun: Brazilian(s) adjective: Brazilian
British Virgin Islands noun: British Virgin Islander(s) adjective: British Virgin Islander
Brunei noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian
Bulgaria noun: Bulgarian(s) adjective: Bulgarian
Burkina Faso noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural) adjective: Burkinabe
Burma noun: Burmese (singular and plural) adjective: Burmese
Burundi noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian
Cambodia noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian
Cameroon noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian
Canada noun: Canadian(s) adjective: Canadian
Cape Verde noun: Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean
Cayman Islands noun: Caymanian(s) adjective: Caymanian
Central African Republic noun: Central African(s) adjective: Central African
Chad noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian
Chile noun: Chilean(s) adjective: Chilean
China noun: Chinese (singular and plural) adjective: Chinese
Christmas Island noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands noun: Cocos Islander(s) adjective: Cocos Islander
Colombia noun: Colombian(s) adjective: Colombian
Comoros noun: Comoran(s) adjective: Comoran
Congo, Democratic Republic of the noun: Congolese (singular and plural) adjective: Congolese or Congo
Congo, Republic of the noun: Congolese (singular and plural) adjective: Congolese or Congo
Cook Islands noun: Cook Islander(s) adjective: Cook Islander
Costa Rica noun: Costa Rican(s) adjective: Costa Rican
Cote d'Ivoire noun: Ivoirian(s) adjective: Ivoirian
Croatia noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s) adjective: Croatian
Cuba noun: Cuban(s) adjective: Cuban
Cyprus noun: Cypriot(s) adjective: Cypriot
Czech Republic noun: Czech(s) adjective: Czech
Denmark noun: Dane(s) adjective: Danish
Djibouti noun: Djiboutian(s) adjective: Djiboutian
Dominica noun: Dominican(s) adjective: Dominican
Dominican Republic noun: Dominican(s) adjective: Dominican
East Timor noun: Timorese adjective: Timorese
Ecuador noun: Ecuadorian(s) adjective: Ecuadorian
Egypt noun: Egyptian(s) adjective: Egyptian
El Salvador noun: Salvadoran(s) adjective: Salvadoran
Equatorial Guinea noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s) adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
Eritrea noun: Eritrean(s) adjective: Eritrean
Estonia noun: Estonian(s) adjective: Estonian
Ethiopia noun: Ethiopian(s) adjective: Ethiopian
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Faroe Islands noun: Faroese (singular and plural) adjective: Faroese
Fiji noun: Fijian(s) adjective: Fijian
Finland noun: Finn(s) adjective: Finnish
France noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
French Guiana noun: French Guianese (singular and plural) adjective: French Guianese
French Polynesia noun: French Polynesian(s) adjective: French Polynesian
Gabon noun: Gabonese (singular and plural) adjective: Gabonese
Gambia, The noun: Gambian(s) adjective: Gambian
Gaza Strip noun: NA adjective: NA
Georgia noun: Georgian(s) adjective: Georgian
Germany noun: German(s) adjective: German
Ghana noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian
Gibraltar noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar
Greece noun: Greek(s) adjective: Greek
Greenland noun: Greenlander(s) adjective: Greenlandic
Grenada noun: Grenadian(s) adjective: Grenadian
Guadeloupe noun: Guadeloupian(s) adjective: Guadeloupe
Guam noun: Guamanian(s) adjective: Guamanian
Guatemala noun: Guatemalan(s) adjective: Guatemalan
Guernsey noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander
Guinea noun: Guinean(s) adjective: Guinean
Guinea-Bissau noun: Guinean(s) adjective: Guinean
Guyana noun: Guyanese (singular and plural) adjective: Guyanese
Haiti noun: Haitian(s) adjective: Haitian
Holy See (Vatican City) noun: none adjective: none
Honduras noun: Honduran(s) adjective: Honduran
Hong Kong noun: Chinese/Hong Konger adjective: Chinese/Hong Kong
Hungary noun: Hungarian(s) adjective: Hungarian
Iceland noun: Icelander(s) adjective: Icelandic
India noun: Indian(s) adjective: Indian
Indonesia noun: Indonesian(s) adjective: Indonesian
Iran noun: Iranian(s) adjective: Iranian
Iraq noun: Iraqi(s) adjective: Iraqi
Ireland noun: Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective plural) adjective: Irish
Israel noun: Israeli(s) adjective: Israeli
Italy noun: Italian(s) adjective: Italian
Jamaica noun: Jamaican(s) adjective: Jamaican
Japan noun: Japanese (singular and plural) adjective: Japanese
Jersey noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander
Jordan noun: Jordanian(s) adjective: Jordanian
Kazakhstan noun: Kazakhstani(s) adjective: Kazakhstani
Kenya noun: Kenyan(s) adjective: Kenyan
Kiribati noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural) adjective: I-Kiribati
Korea, North noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean
Korea, South noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean
Kuwait noun: Kuwaiti(s) adjective: Kuwaiti
Kyrgyzstan noun: Kyrgyzstani(s) adjective: Kyrgyzstani
Laos noun: Lao(s) or Laotian(s) adjective: Lao or Laotian
Latvia noun: Latvian(s) adjective: Latvian
Lebanon noun: Lebanese (singular and plural) adjective: Lebanese
Lesotho noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural) adjective: Basotho
Liberia noun: Liberian(s) adjective: Liberian
Libya noun: Libyan(s) adjective: Libyan
Liechtenstein noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein
Lithuania noun: Lithuanian(s) adjective: Lithuanian
Luxembourg noun: Luxembourger(s) adjective: Luxembourg
Macau noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Macedonia noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian
Madagascar noun: Malagasy (singular and plural) adjective: Malagasy
Malawi noun: Malawian(s) adjective: Malawian
Malaysia noun: Malaysian(s) adjective: Malaysian
Maldives noun: Maldivian(s) adjective: Maldivian
Mali noun: Malian(s) adjective: Malian
Malta noun: Maltese (singular and plural) adjective: Maltese
Man, Isle of noun: Manxman (men), Manxwoman (women) adjective: Manx
Marshall Islands noun: Marshallese (singular and plural) adjective: Marshallese
Martinique noun: Martiniquais (singular and plural) adjective: Martiniquais
Mauritania noun: Mauritanian(s) adjective: Mauritanian
Mauritius noun: Mauritian(s) adjective: Mauritian
Mayotte noun: Mahorais (singular and plural) adjective: Mahoran
Mexico noun: Mexican(s) adjective: Mexican
Micronesia, Federated States of noun: Micronesian(s) adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese
Moldova noun: Moldovan(s) adjective: Moldovan
Monaco noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Mongolia noun: Mongolian(s) adjective: Mongolian
Montserrat noun: Montserratian(s) adjective: Montserratian
Morocco noun: Moroccan(s) adjective: Moroccan
Mozambique noun: Mozambican(s) adjective: Mozambican
Namibia noun: Namibian(s) adjective: Namibian
Nauru noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan
Nepal noun: Nepalese (singular and plural) adjective: Nepalese
Netherlands noun: Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women) adjective: Dutch
Netherlands Antilles noun: Dutch Antillean(s) adjective: Dutch Antillean
New Caledonia noun: New Caledonian(s) adjective: New Caledonian
New Zealand noun: New Zealander(s) adjective: New Zealand
Nicaragua noun: Nicaraguan(s) adjective: Nicaraguan
Niger noun: Nigerien(s) adjective: Nigerien
Nigeria noun: Nigerian(s) adjective: Nigerian
Niue noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean
Norfolk Island noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Northern Mariana Islands noun: NA adjective: NA
Norway noun: Norwegian(s) adjective: Norwegian
Oman noun: Omani(s) adjective: Omani
Pakistan noun: Pakistani(s) adjective: Pakistani
Palau noun: Palauan(s) adjective: Palauan
Panama noun: Panamanian(s) adjective: Panamanian
Papua New Guinea noun: Papua New Guinean(s) adjective: Papua New Guinean
Paraguay noun: Paraguayan(s) adjective: Paraguayan
Peru noun: Peruvian(s) adjective: Peruvian
Philippines noun: Filipino(s) adjective: Philippine
Pitcairn Islands noun: Pitcairn Islander(s) adjective: Pitcairn Islander
Poland noun: Pole(s) adjective: Polish
Portugal noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) adjective: Portuguese
Puerto Rico noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens) adjective: Puerto Rican
Qatar noun: Qatari(s) adjective: Qatari
Reunion noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese
Romania noun: Romanian(s) adjective: Romanian
Russia noun: Russian(s) adjective: Russian
Rwanda noun: Rwandan(s) adjective: Rwandan
Saint Helena noun: Saint Helenian(s) adjective: Saint Helenian
Saint Kitts and Nevis noun: Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s) adjective: Kittitian, Nevisian
Saint Lucia noun: Saint Lucian(s) adjective: Saint Lucian
Saint Pierre and Miquelon noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines noun: Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s) adjective: Saint Vincentian or Vincentian
Samoa noun: Samoan(s) adjective: Samoan
San Marino noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Sao Tome and Principe noun: Sao Tomean(s) adjective: Sao Tomean
Saudi Arabia noun: Saudi(s) adjective: Saudi or Saudi Arabian
Senegal noun: Senegalese (singular and plural) adjective: Senegalese
Serbia and Montenegro noun: Serb(s); Montenegrin(s) adjective: Serbian; Montenegrin
Seychelles noun: Seychellois (singular and plural) adjective: Seychellois
Sierra Leone noun: Sierra Leonean(s) adjective: Sierra Leonean
Singapore noun: Singaporean(s) adjective: Singapore
Slovakia noun: Slovak(s) adjective: Slovak
Slovenia noun: Slovene(s) adjective: Slovenian
Solomon Islands noun: Solomon Islander(s) adjective: Solomon Islander
Somalia noun: Somali(s) adjective: Somali
South Africa noun: South African(s) adjective: South African
Spain noun: Spaniard(s) adjective: Spanish
Sri Lanka noun: Sri Lankan(s) adjective: Sri Lankan
Sudan noun: Sudanese (singular and plural) adjective: Sudanese
Suriname noun: Surinamer(s) adjective: Surinamese
Swaziland noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi
Sweden noun: Swede(s) adjective: Swedish
Switzerland noun: Swiss (singular and plural) adjective: Swiss
Syria noun: Syrian(s) adjective: Syrian
Taiwan noun: Taiwan (singular and plural) note: example: he or she is from Taiwan; they are from Taiwan adjective: Taiwan
Tajikistan noun: Tajikistani(s) adjective: Tajikistani
Tanzania noun: Tanzanian(s) adjective: Tanzanian
Thailand noun: Thai (singular and plural) adjective: Thai
Togo noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese
Tokelau noun: Tokelauan(s) adjective: Tokelauan
Tonga noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Trinidad and Tobago noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s) adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
Tunisia noun: Tunisian(s) adjective: Tunisian
Turkey noun: Turk(s) adjective: Turkish
Turkmenistan noun: Turkmen(s) adjective: Turkmen
Turks and Caicos Islands noun: none adjective: none
Tuvalu noun: Tuvaluan(s) adjective: Tuvaluan
Uganda noun: Ugandan(s) adjective: Ugandan
Ukraine noun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian
United Arab Emirates noun: Emirati(s) adjective: Emirati
United Kingdom noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural) adjective: British
United States noun: American(s) adjective: American
Uruguay noun: Uruguayan(s) adjective: Uruguayan
Uzbekistan noun: Uzbekistani adjective: Uzbekistani
Vanuatu noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural) adjective: Ni-Vanuatu
Venezuela noun: Venezuelan(s) adjective: Venezuelan
Vietnam noun: Vietnamese (singular and plural) adjective: Vietnamese
Virgin Islands noun: Virgin Islander(s) adjective: Virgin Islander
Wallis and Futuna noun: Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islanders adjective: Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander
West Bank noun: NA adjective: NA
Western Sahara noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s) adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian
Yemen noun: Yemeni(s) adjective: Yemeni
Zambia noun: Zambian(s) adjective: Zambian
Zimbabwe noun: Zimbabwean(s) adjective: Zimbabwean
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2111 Natural resources
Afghanistan natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones
Albania petroleum, natural gas, coal, bauxite, chromite, copper, iron ore, nickel, salt, timber, hydropower
Algeria petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc
American Samoa pumice, pumicite
Andorra hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Angola petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
Anguilla salt, fish, lobster
Antarctica iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small uncommercial quantities; none presently exploited; krill, finfish, and crab have been taken by commercial fisheries
Antigua and Barbuda NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
Arctic Ocean sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Argentina fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium
Armenia small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina
Aruba NEGL; white sandy beaches
Ashmore and Cartier Islands fish
Atlantic Ocean oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones
Australia bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum
Austria oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower
Azerbaijan petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina
Bahamas, The salt, aragonite, timber, arable land
Bahrain oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
Baker Island guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Bangladesh natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
Barbados petroleum, fish, natural gas
Bassas da India none
Belarus forests, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, clay
Belgium construction materials, silica sand, carbonates
Belize arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower
Benin small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber
Bermuda limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Bhutan timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate
Bolivia tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower
Bosnia and Herzegovina coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, forests, hydropower
Botswana diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
Bouvet Island none
Brazil bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber
British Indian Ocean Territory coconuts, fish, sugarcane
British Virgin Islands NEGL
Brunei petroleum, natural gas, timber
Bulgaria bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land
Burkina Faso manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice, salt
Burma petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower
Burundi nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone
Cambodia oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
Cameroon petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower
Canada iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower
Cape Verde salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum
Cayman Islands fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism
Central African Republic diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower
Chad petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt
Chile copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower
China coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)
Christmas Island phosphate, beaches
Clipperton Island fish
Cocos (Keeling) Islands fish
Colombia petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower
Comoros NEGL
Congo, Democratic Republic of the cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber
Congo, Republic of the petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, gold, magnesium, natural gas, hydropower
Cook Islands NEGL
Coral Sea Islands NEGL
Costa Rica hydropower
Cote d'Ivoire petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower
Croatia oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
Cuba cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land
Cyprus copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
Czech Republic hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
Denmark petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand
Djibouti geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum
Dominica timber, hydropower, arable land
Dominican Republic nickel, bauxite, gold, silver
East Timor gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble
Ecuador petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower
Egypt petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc
El Salvador hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land
Equatorial Guinea petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay
Eritrea gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish
Estonia oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud
Ethiopia small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower
Europa Island NEGL
European Union iron ore, arable land, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead, zinc, hydropower, uranium, potash, fish
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Faroe Islands fish, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
Fiji timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower
Finland timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
France coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, arsenic, potash, feldspar, fluorospar, gypsum, timber, fish
French Guiana bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), petroleum, kaolin, fish, niobium, tantalum, clay
French Polynesia timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower
French Southern and Antarctic Lands fish, crayfish
Gabon petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower
Gambia, The fish, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon, silica sand, clay, petroleum
Gaza Strip arable land, natural gas
Georgia forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
Germany coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land
Ghana gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone
Gibraltar none
Glorioso Islands guano, coconuts
Greece lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, hydropower potential
Greenland coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, gold, platinum, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
Grenada timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors
Guadeloupe cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism
Guam fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan)
Guatemala petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower
Guernsey cropland
Guinea bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt
Guinea-Bissau fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone, unexploited deposits of petroleum
Guyana bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish
Haiti bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower
Heard Island and McDonald Islands fish
Holy See (Vatican City) none
Honduras timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower
Hong Kong outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar
Howland Island guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Hungary bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
Iceland fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite
India coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land
Indian Ocean oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
Indonesia petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Iran petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur
Iraq petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
Ireland natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite
Israel timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand
Italy coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorospar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land
Jamaica bauxite, gypsum, limestone
Jan Mayen none
Japan negligible mineral resources, fish
Jarvis Island guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Jersey arable land
Johnston Atoll guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Jordan phosphates, potash, shale oil
Juan de Nova Island guano deposits and other fertilizers
Kazakhstan major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium
Kenya limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower
Kingman Reef terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Kiribati phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Korea, North coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower
Korea, South coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential
Kuwait petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas
Kyrgyzstan abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
Laos timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones
Latvia peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, wood, arable land
Lebanon limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land
Lesotho water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone
Liberia iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower
Libya petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Liechtenstein hydroelectric potential, arable land
Lithuania peat, arable land
Luxembourg iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
Macau NEGL
Macedonia low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land
Madagascar graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower
Malawi limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite
Malaysia tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite
Maldives fish
Mali gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Malta limestone, salt, arable land
Man, Isle of none
Marshall Islands coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals
Martinique coastal scenery and beaches, cultivable land
Mauritania iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil, fish
Mauritius arable land, fish
Mayotte NEGL
Mexico petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber
Micronesia, Federated States of forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate
Midway Islands wildlife, terrestrial and aquatic
Moldova lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone
Monaco none
Mongolia oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
Montserrat NEGL
Morocco phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
Mozambique coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite
Namibia diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore
Nauru phosphates, fish
Navassa Island guano
Nepal quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
Netherlands natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land
Netherlands Antilles phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)
New Caledonia nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
New Zealand natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
Nicaragua gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish
Niger uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum
Nigeria natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land
Niue fish, arable land
Norfolk Island fish
Northern Mariana Islands arable land, fish
Norway petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower
Oman petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas
Pacific Ocean oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish
Pakistan land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Palau forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals
Palmyra Atoll terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Panama copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower
Papua New Guinea gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
Paracel Islands none
Paraguay hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone
Peru copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas
Philippines timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper
Pitcairn Islands miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish note: manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore
Poland coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, arable land
Portugal fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
Puerto Rico some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil
Qatar petroleum, natural gas, fish
Reunion fish, arable land, hydropower
Romania petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
Russia wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources
Rwanda gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land
Saint Helena fish
Saint Kitts and Nevis arable land
Saint Lucia forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential
Saint Pierre and Miquelon fish, deepwater ports
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines hydropower, cropland
Samoa hardwood forests, fish, hydropower
San Marino building stone
Sao Tome and Principe fish, hydropower
Saudi Arabia petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper
Senegal fish, phosphates, iron ore
Serbia and Montenegro oil, gas, coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, hydropower, arable land
Seychelles fish, copra, cinnamon trees
Sierra Leone diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite
Singapore fish, deepwater ports
Slovakia brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land
Slovenia lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver, hydropower, forests
Solomon Islands fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel
Somalia uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves
South Africa gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands fish
Southern Ocean probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields on the continental margin, manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs; squid, whales, and seals - none exploited; krill, fishes
Spain coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land
Spratly Islands fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Sri Lanka limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay, hydropower
Sudan petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower
Suriname timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore
Svalbard coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Swaziland asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
Sweden iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower
Switzerland hydropower potential, timber, salt
Syria petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower
Taiwan small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos
Tajikistan hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
Tanzania hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Thailand tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
Togo phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Tokelau NEGL
Tonga fish, fertile soil
Trinidad and Tobago petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Tromelin Island fish
Tunisia petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
Turkey coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower
Turkmenistan petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
Turks and Caicos Islands spiny lobster, conch
Tuvalu fish
Uganda copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
Ukraine iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land
United Arab Emirates petroleum, natural gas
United Kingdom coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land
United States coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber
Uruguay arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries
Uzbekistan natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Vanuatu manganese, hardwood forests, fish
Venezuela petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds
Vietnam phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower
Virgin Islands sun, sand, sea, surf
Wake Island none
Wallis and Futuna NEGL
West Bank arable land
Western Sahara phosphates, iron ore
World the rapid depletion of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality (especially in Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and China) pose serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only beginning to address
Yemen petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper, fertile soil in west
Zambia copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Zimbabwe coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2112 Net migration rate (migrant(s)/1,000 population)
Afghanistan 21.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Albania -4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Algeria -0.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
American Samoa -20.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Andorra 6.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Angola 0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Anguilla 8.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda -6.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Argentina 0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Armenia -6.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Aruba 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Australia 3.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Austria 1.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan -4.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The -2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bahrain 1.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bangladesh -0.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Barbados -0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Belarus 2.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Belgium 1.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Belize 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Benin 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bermuda 2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bhutan 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bolivia -1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Botswana 6.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Brazil -0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands 10.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Brunei 3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Bulgaria -4.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Burma -1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Burundi 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cambodia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cameroon 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Canada 5.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cape Verde -11.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cayman Islands 18.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: major destination for Cubans trying to migrate to the US (2005 est.)
Central African Republic 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Chad -0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Chile 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
China -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia -0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Comoros 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the -0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: fighting between the Congolese Government and Uganda- and Rwanda-backed Congolese rebels spawned a regional war in DROC in August 1998, which left 1.8 million Congolese internally displaced and caused 300,000 Congolese refugees to flee to surrounding countries (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Costa Rica 0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Croatia 1.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cuba -1.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Cyprus 0.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Czech Republic 0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Denmark 2.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Djibouti 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Dominica -11.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic -3.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
East Timor 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ecuador -6.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Egypt -0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
El Salvador -3.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Eritrea 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: UNHCR began repatriating about 150,000 Eritrean refugees from Sudan in 2001 following the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 2000 (2005 est.)
Estonia -3.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ethiopia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2005 est.)
European Union 1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (July 2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Faroe Islands 0.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Fiji -3.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Finland 0.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
France 0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
French Guiana 5.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
French Polynesia 2.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gabon 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gambia, The 1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip 1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Georgia -4.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Germany 2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ghana -0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gibraltar 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Greece 2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Greenland -8.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Grenada -13.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe -0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guam 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guatemala -1.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guernsey 3.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guinea -2.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: as a result of conflict in neighboring countries, Guinea is host to approximately 150,000 Liberian and Sierra Leonean refugees (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau -1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guyana -7.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Haiti -1.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Honduras -1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Hong Kong 5.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Hungary 0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iceland 2.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
India -0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Indonesia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iran -2.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iraq 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ireland 4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Israel 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Italy 2.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jamaica -4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Japan 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jersey 2.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jordan 6.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan -3.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kenya 0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: according to UNHCR, by the end of 2001 Kenya was host to 220,000 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia 145,000 and Sudan 68,000 (2005 est.)
Kiribati 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Korea, North 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Korea, South 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kuwait 14.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan -2.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Laos 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Latvia -2.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lebanon 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lesotho -0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Liberia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: at least 200,000 Liberian refugees are in surrounding countries; the uncertain security situation has hindered their ability to return (2005 est.)
Libya 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein 4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lithuania -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Luxembourg 8.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Macau 4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Macedonia -0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Madagascar 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malawi 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malaysia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region (2005 est.)
Maldives 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mali -0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malta 2.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of 5.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands -5.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Martinique -0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mauritania 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mauritius -0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mayotte 5.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mexico -4.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of -21.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Moldova -0.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Monaco 7.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mongolia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Montserrat 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Morocco -0.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mozambique 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Namibia 0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nauru 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nepal 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Netherlands 2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
New Caledonia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
New Zealand 3.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nicaragua -1.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Niger -0.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nigeria 0.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Niue NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands 8.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Norway 1.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Oman 0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pakistan -1.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Palau 2.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Panama -0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Paraguay -0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Peru -1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Philippines -1.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland -0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Portugal 3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico -1.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Qatar 15.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Reunion 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Romania -0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Russia 1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Rwanda 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Helena 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis -5.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia -2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon -4.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -7.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Samoa -11.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
San Marino 10.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe -2.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia -3.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Senegal 0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro -1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Seychelles -5.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning (2005 est.)
Singapore 10.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Slovakia 0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Slovenia 1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Somalia 5.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
South Africa -0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Spain 0.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka -1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sudan -0.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Suriname -8.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Svalbard NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Swaziland 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sweden 1.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Switzerland 3.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Syria 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Taiwan 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tajikistan -2.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tanzania -3.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Thailand 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Togo 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago -10.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tunisia -0.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turkey 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan -0.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 11.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tuvalu 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uganda -1.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ukraine -0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates 0.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United Kingdom 2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United States 3.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uruguay -0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan -1.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Vanuatu 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Venezuela 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Vietnam -0.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands -8.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA migrant(s)/1,000 population note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia (2005 est.)
West Bank 2.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Yemen 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Zambia 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population negligible migrant(s)/1,000 population note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2113 Geography - note
Afghanistan landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)
Akrotiri British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus
Albania strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)
Algeria second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)
American Samoa Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean
Andorra landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees
Angola the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Anguilla the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles
Antarctica the coldest, windiest, highest (on average), and driest continent; during summer, more solar radiation reaches the surface at the South Pole than is received at the Equator in an equivalent period; mostly uninhabitable
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a very large western harbor
Arctic Ocean major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Argentina second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Cerro Aconcagua is South America's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere
Armenia landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range
Aruba a flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches; its tropical climate is moderated by constant trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean; the temperature is almost constant at about 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Atlantic Ocean major chokepoints include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean
Australia world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating tropical sea breeze known as the "Fremantle Doctor" affects the city of Perth on the west coast, and is one of the most consistent winds in the world
Austria landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere
Azerbaijan both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked
Bahamas, The strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited
Bahrain close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean
Baker Island treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife
Bangladesh most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal
Barbados easternmost Caribbean island
Bassas da India the islands emerge from a circular reef that sits atop a long-extinct, submerged volcano
Belarus landlocked; glacial scouring accounts for the flatness of Belarusian terrain and for its 11,000 lakes; the country is geologically well endowed with extensive deposits of granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, and clay
Belgium crossroads of Western Europe; majority of West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and NATO
Belize only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean
Benin sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural harbors, river mouths, or islands
Bermuda consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Bhutan landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes
Bolivia landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru
Bosnia and Herzegovina within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro (Montenegro), and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east
Botswana landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country
Bouvet Island covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve
Brazil largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador
British Indian Ocean Territory archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
British Virgin Islands strong ties to nearby US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico
Brunei close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Bulgaria strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia
Burkina Faso landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas
Burma strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes
Burundi landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile
Cambodia a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap
Cameroon sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano
Canada second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border
Cape Verde strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site
Cayman Islands important location between Cuba and Central America
Central African Republic landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa
Chad landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
Chile strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions
China world's fourth largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US); Mount Everest on the border with Nepal is the world's tallest peak
Christmas Island located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Clipperton Island reef 12 km in circumference
Cocos (Keeling) Islands islands are thickly covered with coconut palms and other vegetation
Colombia only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea
Comoros important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel
Congo, Democratic Republic of the straddles equator; has very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands
Congo, Republic of the about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them
Cook Islands the northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely populated, coral atolls; the southern Cook Islands consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic isles where most of the populace lives
Coral Sea Islands important nesting area for birds and turtles
Costa Rica four volcanoes, two of them active, rise near the capital of San Jose in the center of the country; one of the volcanoes, Irazu, erupted destructively in 1963-65
Cote d'Ivoire most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated
Croatia controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits
Cuba largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the Greater Antilles
Cyprus the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia)
Czech Republic landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe
Denmark controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen
Dhekelia British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus
Djibouti strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa
Dominica known as "The Nature Island of the Caribbean" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system; the most mountainous of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world
Dominican Republic shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti
East Timor Timor comes from the Malay word for "East"; the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands
Ecuador Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world
Egypt controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, a sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees
El Salvador smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea
Equatorial Guinea insular and continental regions rather widely separated
Eritrea strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993
Estonia the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands
Ethiopia landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean
Europa Island wildlife sanctuary
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Faroe Islands archipelago of 17 inhabited islands and one uninhabited island, and a few uninhabited islets; strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic; precipitous terrain limits habitation to small coastal lowlands
Fiji includes 332 islands of which approximately 110 are inhabited
Finland long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
France largest West European nation
French Guiana mostly an unsettled wilderness; the only non-independent portion of the South American continent
French Polynesia includes five archipelagoes (4 volcanic, 1 coral); Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru
French Southern and Antarctic Lands islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean
Gabon a small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity
Gambia, The almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa
Gaza Strip there are 25 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Gaza Strip (February 2002 est.)
Georgia strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them
Germany strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea
Ghana Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake
Gibraltar strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Glorioso Islands the islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system
Greece strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands
Greenland dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast, but close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap
Grenada the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada
Guadeloupe a narrow channel, the Riviere Salee, divides Guadeloupe proper into two islands: the larger, western Basse-Terre and the smaller, eastern Grande-Terre
Guam largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean
Guatemala no natural harbors on west coast
Guernsey large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port
Guinea the Niger and its important tributary the Milo have their sources in the Guinean highlands
Guinea-Bissau this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying further inland
Guyana the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and Uruguay; substantial portions of its western and eastern territories are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively
Haiti shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)
Holy See (Vatican City) urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights
Honduras has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline, including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast
Hong Kong more than 200 islands
Howland Island almost totally covered with grasses, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; small area of trees in the center; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife
Hungary landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions
Iceland strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe
India dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes
Indian Ocean major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait
Indonesia archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean
Iran strategic location on the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which are vital maritime pathways for crude oil transport
Iraq strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway and at the head of the Persian Gulf
Ireland strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 100 km of Dublin
Israel there are 242 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the West Bank, 42 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 25 in the Gaza Strip, and 29 in East Jerusalem (February 2002 est.); Sea of Galilee is an important freshwater source
Italy strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe
Jamaica strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for the Panama Canal
Jan Mayen barren volcanic island with some moss and grass
Japan strategic location in northeast Asia
Jarvis Island sparse bunch grass, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife
Jersey largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier
Johnston Atoll strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; a former US nuclear weapons test site; site of now-closed Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS); most facilities dismantled and cleanup complete in 2004; some low-growing vegetation
Jordan strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba and as the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the occupied West Bank
Juan de Nova Island wildlife sanctuary
Kazakhstan landlocked; Russia leases approximately 6,000 sq km of territory enclosing the Baykonur Cosmodrome; in January 2004, Kazakhstan and Russia extended the lease to 2050
Kenya the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value
Kingman Reef barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public
Kiribati 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru
Korea, North strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia; mountainous interior is isolated and sparsely populated
Korea, South strategic location on Korea Strait
Kuwait strategic location at head of Persian Gulf
Kyrgyzstan landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes
Laos landlocked; most of the country is mountainous and thickly forested; the Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand
Latvia most of the country is composed of fertile, low-lying plains, with some hills in the east
Lebanon Nahr el Litani only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity
Lesotho landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 meters above sea level
Liberia facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by lagoons, mangrove swamps, and river-deposited sandbars; the inland grassy plateau supports limited agriculture
Libya more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert
Liechtenstein along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation
Lithuania fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits
Luxembourg landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world
Macau essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Macedonia landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
Madagascar world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel
Malawi landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature
Malaysia strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea
Maldives 1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean
Mali landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan
Malta the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) being inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
Man, Isle of one small islet, the Calf of Man, lies to the southwest, and is a bird sanctuary
Marshall Islands two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range
Martinique the island is dominated by Mount Pelee, which on 8 May 1902 erupted and completely destroyed the city of Saint Pierre, killing 30,000 inhabitants
Mauritania most of the population concentrated in the cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou and along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country
Mauritius the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs
Mayotte part of Comoro Archipelago; 18 islands
Mexico strategic location on southern border of US; corn (maize), one of the world's major grain crops, is thought to have originated in Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of four major island groups totaling 607 islands
Midway Islands a coral atoll managed as a national wildlife refuge and open to the public for wildlife-related recreation in the form of wildlife observation and photography, sport fishing, snorkeling, and scuba diving; the refuge is temporarily closed for reorganization at present (2004)
Moldova landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone
Monaco second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
Mongolia landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia
Montserrat the island is entirely volcanic in origin and contains seven active volcanoes
Morocco strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar
Mozambique the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country
Namibia first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip
Nauru Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Navassa Island strategic location 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; mostly exposed rock but with enough grassland to support goat herds; dense stands of fig-like trees, scattered cactus
Nepal landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest - the world's tallest - on the border with China
Netherlands located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde)
Netherlands Antilles the five islands of the Netherlands Antilles are divided geographically into the Leeward Islands (northern) group (Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten) and the Windward Islands (southern) group (Bonaire and Curacao)
New Caledonia consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls
New Zealand about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world
Nicaragua largest country in Central America; contains the largest freshwater body in Central America, Lago de Nicaragua
Niger landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world: northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture
Nigeria the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
Niue one of world's largest coral islands
Norfolk Island most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated
Northern Mariana Islands strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean
Norway about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in world
Oman strategic location on Musandam Peninsula adjacent to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil
Pacific Ocean the major chokepoints are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait, and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean
Pakistan controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
Palau westernmost archipelago in the Caroline chain, consists of six island groups totaling more than 300 islands; includes World War II battleground of Beliliou (Peleliu) and world-famous rock islands
Palmyra Atoll about 50 islets covered with dense vegetation, coconut trees, and balsa-like trees up to 30 meters tall
Panama strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean
Papua New Guinea shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast
Paracel Islands composed of 130 small coral islands and reefs divided into the northeast Amphitrite Group and the western Crescent Group
Paraguay landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil; population concentrated in southern part of country
Peru shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River
Philippines the Philippine archipelago is made up of 7,107 islands; favorably located in relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait
Pitcairn Islands Britain's most isolated dependency; only the larger island of Pitcairn is inhabited but it has no port or natural harbor; supplies must be transported by rowed longboat from larger ships stationed offshore
Poland historically, an area of conflict because of flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain
Portugal Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
Puerto Rico important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north
Qatar strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
Reunion this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean
Romania controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine
Russia largest country in the world in terms of area but unfavorably located in relation to major sea lanes of the world; despite its size, much of the country lacks proper soils and climates (either too cold or too dry) for agriculture; Mount El'brus is Europe's tallest peak
Rwanda landlocked; most of the country is savanna grassland with the population predominantly rural
Saint Helena harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns
Saint Kitts and Nevis with coastlines in the shape of a baseball bat and ball, the two volcanic islands are separated by a three-km-wide channel called The Narrows; on the southern tip of long, baseball bat-shaped Saint Kitts lies the Great Salt Pond; Nevis Peak sits in the center of its almost circular namesake island and its ball shape complements that of its sister island
Saint Lucia the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufriere, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean
Saint Pierre and Miquelon vegetation scanty
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is comprised of 32 islands and cays
Samoa occupies an almost central position within Polynesia
San Marino landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Sao Tome and Principe the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous
Saudi Arabia extensive coastlines on Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through Persian Gulf and Suez Canal
Senegal westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal
Serbia and Montenegro controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
Seychelles 41 granitic and about 75 coralline islands
Sierra Leone rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa
Singapore focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes
Slovakia landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys
Slovenia despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes
Solomon Islands strategic location on sea routes between the South Pacific Ocean, the Solomon Sea, and the Coral Sea
Somalia strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal
South Africa South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia
Southern Ocean the major chokepoint is the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica; the Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) is the best natural definition of the northern extent of the Southern Ocean; it is a distinct region at the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that separates the very cold polar surface waters to the south from the warmer waters to the north; the Front and the Current extend entirely around Antarctica, reaching south of 60 degrees south near New Zealand and near 48 degrees south in the far South Atlantic coinciding with the path of the maximum westerly winds
Spain strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
Spratly Islands strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Sri Lanka strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes
Sudan largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries
Suriname smallest independent country on South American continent; mostly tropical rain forest; great diversity of flora and fauna that, for the most part, is increasingly threatened by new development; relatively small population, mostly along the coast
Svalbard northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
Swaziland landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa
Sweden strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas
Switzerland landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps
Syria there are 42 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (February 2002 est.)
Taiwan strategic location adjacent to both the Taiwan Strait and the Luzon Strait
Tajikistan landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR
Tanzania Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the southwest
Thailand controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore
Togo the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
Tokelau consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level
Tonga archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Trinidad and Tobago Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt
Tromelin Island climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises)
Tunisia strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
Turkey strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's Ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country
Turkmenistan landlocked; the western and central low-lying, desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau
Turks and Caicos Islands about 40 islands (eight inhabited)
Tuvalu one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon
Uganda landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers
Ukraine strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe
United Arab Emirates strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil
United Kingdom lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and now linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters
United States world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Mt. McKinley is highest point in North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent
Uruguay second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising
Uzbekistan along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Vanuatu a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes
Venezuela on major sea and air routes linking North and South America; Angel Falls in the Guiana Highlands is the world's highest waterfall
Vietnam extending 1,650 km north to south, the country is only 50 km across at its narrowest point
Virgin Islands important location along the Anegada Passage - a key shipping lane for the Panama Canal; Saint Thomas has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the Caribbean
Wake Island strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; emergency landing location for transpacific flights
Wallis and Futuna both island groups have fringing reefs
West Bank landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are 244 West Bank settlements and 29 East Jerusalem settlements in addition to at least 20 occupied outposts (August 2003 est.)
Western Sahara the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas
World the world is now thought to be about 4.55 billion years old, just about one-third of the 13-billion-year age estimated for the universe
Yemen strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes
Zambia landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zambia; in full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2115 Political pressure groups and leaders
Afghanistan Jamiat-e Islami (Society of Islam) [former President Burhanuddin RABBANI]; Ittihad-e Islami (Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan), [Abdul Rasul SAYYAF]; there are also small monarchist, communist, and democratic groups
Albania Confederation of Trade Unions of Albania or KSSH [Kastriot MUCO]; Front for Albanian National Unification or FBKSH [Gafur ADILI]; Omonia [Jani JANI]; Union of Independent Trade Unions of Albania or BSPSH [Gezim KALAJA]
Algeria The Algerian Human Rights League or LADH or LADDH [Yahia Ali ABDENOUR]; SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR]; Somoud [Ali MERABET]
American Samoa NA
Andorra NA
Angola Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE] note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province
Anguilla NA
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]
Argentina Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs (CILFA); Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association); Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association); business organizations; Central of Argentine Workers or CTA (a radical union for employed and unemployed workers); General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization); Peronist-dominated labor movement; Roman Catholic Church; students
Armenia Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN]
Aruba NA
Austria Austrian Trade Union Federation (nominally independent but primarily Socialist) or OeGB; Federal Economic Chamber; OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists or VOeI; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action; three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, and farmers and other non-government organizations in the areas of environment and human rights
Azerbaijan Sadval, Lezgin movement; self-proclaimed Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Republic; Talysh independence movement; Union of Pro-Azerbaijani Forces (UPAF)
Bahamas, The NA
Bahrain Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically in 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active
Bangladesh NA
Barbados Barbados Workers Union [Leroy TROTMAN]; Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMMISSIONG]; People's Progressive Movement [Eric SEALY]; Worker's Party of Barbados [Dr. George BELLE]
Belarus NA
Belgium Christian, Socialist, and Liberal Trade Unions; Federation of Belgian Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as Pax Christi and groups representing immigrants
Belize Society for the Promotion of Education and Research or SPEAR [Adele CATZIM]
Benin NA
Bermuda Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Union or BPSU [Ed BALL]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Bhutan Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for Democracy (exiled)
Bolivia Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions; Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia or CSUTCB [Roman LOAYZA]
Bosnia and Herzegovina NA
Botswana NA
Brazil Landless Worker's Movement; labor unions and federations; large farmers' associations; religious groups including evangelical christian churches and the Catholic Church
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei NA
Bulgaria Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB; Podkrepa Labor Confederation; numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas
Burkina Faso Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP; Group of 14 February; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL; watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities
Burma National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma or NCGUB (self-proclaimed government in exile) ["Prime Minister" Dr. SEIN WIN] consists of individuals, some legitimately elected to the People's Assembly in 1990 (the group fled to a border area and joined insurgents in December 1990 to form parallel government in exile); Kachin Independence Army or KIA; Karen National Union or KNU; several Shan factions; United Wa State Army or UWSA; Union Solidarity and Development Association or USDA (pro-government, a social and political organization) [THAN AUNG, general secretary]
Burundi loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces
Cambodia NA
Cameroon Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]; Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]
Canada NA
Cape Verde NA
Cayman Islands NA
Central African Republic NA
Chad NA
Chile revitalized university student federations at all major universities; Roman Catholic Church; United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations
China no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong spiritual movement and the China Democracy Party as subversive groups
Christmas Island none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands none
Colombia two largest insurgent groups active in Colombia - Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC and National Liberation Army or ELN; largest anti-insurgent paramilitary group is United Self-Defense Groups of Colombia or AUC
Comoros NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA
Congo, Republic of the Congolese Trade Union Congress or CSC; General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC; Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC; Union of Congolese Socialist Youth or UJSC
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers or CATD (Communist Party affiliate); Chamber of Coffee Growers; Confederated Union of Workers or CUT (Communist Party affiliate); Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers or CCTD (Liberation Party affiliate); Federation of Public Service Workers or FTSP; National Association for Economic Development or ANFE; National Association of Educators or ANDE; Rerum Novarum or CTRN (PLN affiliate) [Gilbert Brown]
Cote d'Ivoire NA
Croatia NA
Cuba NA
Cyprus Confederation of Cypriot Workers or SEK (pro-West); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions or Dev-Is; Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions or Turk-Sen; Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation or PEO (Communist controlled)
Czech Republic Bohemian and Moravian Trade Union Confederation [Milan STECH]
Denmark NA
Djibouti Union for Presidential Majority UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PPSD and PND); Union for Democratic Changeover or UAD (opposition coalition includes ARD, MRDD, UDJ, and PDD) [Ahmed Dini AHMED]
Dominica Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party)
Dominican Republic Collective of Popular Organizations or COP; Citizen Participation Group (Participacion Ciudadania); Foundation for Institution-Building (FINJUS)
East Timor Popular Council for the Defense of the Democratic Republic of East Timor or CPD-RDTL [leader Antonio-Aitahan MATAK] is largest political pressure group; it rejects current government and claims to be rightful government; Kolimau 2000 [leader Dr. Bruno MAGALHAES] is another opposition group; dissatisfied veterans of struggle against Indonesia, led by one-time government advisor Cornelio GAMA (also known as L-7), also play an important role in pressuring government
Ecuador Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Luis MACAS, president]; Coordinator of Social Movements or CMS [F. Napoleon SANTOS]; Federation of Indigenous Evangelists of Ecuador or FEINE [Marco MURILLO, president]; National Federation of Indigenous Afro-Ecuatorianos and Peasants or FENOCIN [Pedro DE LA CRUZ, president]; Popular Front or FP [Luis VILLACIS]
Egypt despite a constitutional ban against religious-based parties, the technically illegal Muslim Brotherhood constitutes MUBARAK's potentially most significant political opposition; MUBARAK tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but moved more aggressively since then to block its influence; civic society groups are sanctioned, but constrained in practical terms; trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned
El Salvador labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI
Equatorial Guinea NA
Eritrea Eritrean Islamic Jihad or EIJ [leader NA] (also including Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement or EIJM (also known as the Abu Sihel Movement) [leader NA]); Eritrean Islamic Salvation or EIS (also known as the Arafa Movement) [leader NA]; Eritrean Liberation Front or ELF [ABDULLAH Muhammed]; Eritrean National Alliance or ENA (a coalition including EIJ, EIS, ELF, and a number of ELF factions) [HERUY Tedla Biru]; Eritrean Public Forum or EPF [ARADOM Iyob]
Estonia NA
Ethiopia Afar Revolutionary Democratic Union Front or ARDUF [leader NA]; Council of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy in Ethiopia or CAFPDE [BEYANE Petros]; Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition or SEPDC [BEYANE Petros]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji NA
France historically-Communist labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail) or CGT, approximately 700,000 members (claimed); left-leaning labor union (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail) or CFDT, approximately 889,000 members (claimed); independent labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail - Force Ouvriere) or FO, 300,000 members (est.); independent white-collar union (Confederation Generale des Cadres) or CGC, 196,000 members (claimed); employers' union (Mouvement des Entreprises de France) or MEDEF, 750,000 companies as members (claimed)
French Guiana NA
French Polynesia NA
Gabon NA
Gambia, The NA
Georgia Georgian independent deputies from Abkhaz government in exile; separatists in the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia; supporters of the late ousted President Zviad GAMSAKHURDYA
Germany business associations, employers' organizations; expellee, refugee, trade unions, and veterans groups
Ghana NA
Gibraltar Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Greece General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE [Khristos POLYZOGOPOLOS]; Federation of Greek Industries or SEV [Odysseas KYRIAKOPOULOS]; Civil Servants Confederation or ADEDY [Spyros PAPASPYROS]
Greenland NA
Grenada NA
Guadeloupe Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe or KLPG; General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers or CGT-G; General Union of Guadeloupe Workers or UGTG; Movement for Independent Guadeloupe or MPGI; The Socialist Renewal Movement
Guam NA
Guatemala Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Alliance Against Impunity or AAI; Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF; Mutual Support Group or GAM
Guernsey none
Guinea NA
Guinea-Bissau NA
Guyana Civil Liberties Action Committee or CLAC; Guyana Council of Indian Organizations or GCIO; Trades Union Congress or TUC note: the GCIO and the CLAC are small and active but not well organized
Haiti Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR]; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; Group of 184 Civil Society Organization, or G-184 [Andy APAID]; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Roman Catholic Church; Protestant Federation of Haiti
Holy See (Vatican City) none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)
Honduras Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Federation of Honduran Workers or FUTH
Hong Kong Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Confederation of Trade Unions or CTU (pro-democracy) [LAU Chin-shek, president; LEE Cheuk-yan, general secretary]; Federation of Hong Kong Industries; Federation of Trade Unions or FTU (pro-China) [CHENG Yiu-tong, executive councilor]; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement in China [Szeto WAH, chairman]; Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (pro-Taiwan); Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union [CHEUNG Man-kwong, president]; Neighborhood and Workers' Service Center or NWSC (pro-democracy); The Alliance [Bernard CHAN, exco member]
Hungary NA
Iceland NA
India numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Vishwa Hindu Parishad, Bajrang Dal, and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh; various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy, including the All Parties Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland in the Northeast
Indonesia NA
Iran political pressure groups conduct most of Iran's political activities; groups that generally support the Islamic Republic include Ansar-e Hizballah, Muslim Students Following the Line of the Imam, Tehran Militant Clergy Association (Ruhaniyat), Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh), and Islamic Engineers Society; active pro-reform student groups include the Organization for Strengthening Unity; opposition groups include Freedom Movement of Iran, the National Front, Marz-e Por Gohar, and various ethnic and Monarchist organizations; armed political groups that have been almost completely repressed by the government include Mujahidin-e Khalq Organization (MEK), People's Fedayeen, Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan, and Komala
Iraq an insurgency against the Iraqi Interim Government and Coalition forces is primarily concentrated in Baghdad and in areas west and north of the capital; the diverse, multigroup insurgency is led principally by Sunni Arabs whose only common denominator is a shared desire to oust the Coalition and end US influence in Iraq
Ireland NA
Israel Israeli nationalists advocating Jewish settlement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip; Peace Now supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; Yesha (settler) Council promotes settler interests and opposes territorial compromise; B'Tselem monitors human rights abuses
Italy Italian manufacturers and merchants associations (Confindustria, Confcommercio); organized farm groups (Confcoltivatori, Confagricoltura); Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union confederations (Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL [Guglielmo EPIFANI] which is left wing, Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL [Savino PEZZOTTA], which is Roman Catholic centrist, and Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL [Luigi ANGELETTI] which is lay centrist)
Jamaica New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists)
Japan NA
Jersey none
Jordan Anti-Normalization Committee [Ali Abu SUKKAR, president vice chairman]; Jordanian Bar Association [Saleh ARMOUTI, president]; Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president]; Muslim Brotherhood [Abd-al-Majid DHUNAYBAT, secretary general]
Kazakhstan Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]; Almaty Helsinki Group [Ninel FOKINA]; Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN]; Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, executive director]; Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman]; Republican Network of International Monitors [Dos KUSHIM]; Transparency International [Sergei ZLOTNIKOV]
Kenya human rights groups; labor unions; Muslim organizations; National Convention Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political parties and nongovernment organizations [Kivutha KIBWANA]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Mutava MUSYIMI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY]
Kiribati NA
Korea, North none
Korea, South Federation of Korean Industries; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean National Council of Churches; Korean Traders Association; Korean Veterans' Association; National Council of Labor Unions; National Democratic Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Farmers' Associations; National Federation of Student Associations
Kuwait several political groups act as de facto parties: Bedouins, merchants, Sunni and Shi'a activists, and secular leftists and nationalists
Kyrgyzstan Council of Free Trade Unions; Kyrgyz Committee on Human Rights [Ramazan DYRYLDAYEV]; National Unity Democratic Movement; Union of Entrepreneurs
Laos noncommunist political groups proscribed; most opposition leaders fled the country in 1975
Latvia Headquarters for the Protection of Russian Schools (SHTAB) [Aleksandr KAZAKOV]
Lebanon NA
Lesotho NA
Liberia NA
Libya various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements; an anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile movement exists, primarily based in London, but has little influence
Liechtenstein NA
Lithuania NA
Luxembourg ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL (federation of industrialists); LCGP (center-right trade union); OGBL (center-left trade union)
Macau NA
Macedonia Civic Movement of Macedonia [Gordana SILJANOVSKA]; Movement for Macedonia's Euro-Atlantic Integration [Dosta DIMOVSKA]
Madagascar Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR; Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM
Malawi NA
Malaysia NA
Maldives none
Mali Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA
Malta NA
Man, Isle of none
Marshall Islands NA
Martinique Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance or ARC; Central Union for Martinique Workers or CSTM [Marc PULVAR]; Frantz Fanon Circle; League of Workers and Peasants; Proletarian Action Group or GAP
Mauritania Arab nationalists; Ba'thists; General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM [Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general]; Independent Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM [Samory Ould BEYE]; Islamists; Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary general]
Mauritius various labor unions
Mayotte NA
Mexico Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN; Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant Confederation or CNC; National Union of Workers or UNT; Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers or CROM; Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants or CROC; Roman Catholic Church
Moldova NA
Monaco NA
Mongolia NA
Montserrat NA
Morocco Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI]; General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL]; Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Hassan CHAMI]; National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI]; Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK]
Mozambique Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general]
Namibia NA
Nauru NA
Nepal Maoist guerrilla-based insurgency [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also known as PRAHANDA, chairman; Dr. Baburam BHATTARAI, from Communist Party of Nepal/Maoist, chief negotiator]; numerous small, left-leaning student groups in the capital; several small, radical Nepalese antimonarchist groups
Netherlands Netherlands Trade Union Federation (FNV) (consisting of a merger of Socialist and Catholic trade unions); Christian Trade Union Federation (CNV); Trade Union Federation of Middle and High Personnel (MHP); Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; Interchurch Peace Council or IKV; large multinational firms; the nondenominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises
Netherlands Antilles NA
New Caledonia NA
New Zealand NA
Nicaragua National Workers Front or FNT is a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions including - Farm Workers Association or ATC, Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG, Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN; Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT is an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions including - Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or CGT-I, and Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS; Nicaraguan Workers' Central or CTN is an independent labor union; Superior Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP is a confederation of business groups
Niger NA
Nigeria Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force or NDPVF [Mujahid Dokubo ASARI]; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC [Adams OSHIOMOLE]
Niue NA
Norfolk Island none
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway NA
Oman none
Pakistan military remains most important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential
Palau NA
Panama Chamber of Commerce; National Civic Crusade; National Council of Organized Workers or CONATO; National Council of Private Enterprise or CONEP; National Union of Construction and Similar Workers (SUNTRACS); Panamanian Association of Business Executives or APEDE; Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP; Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP
Papua New Guinea NA
Paraguay Ahorristas Estafados or AE; Coordinating Table of National Campesino Organizations or MCNOC; National Federation of Campesinos or FNC; National Workers Central or CNT; Paraguayan Workers Confederation or CPT; Roman Catholic Church; Unitary Workers Central or CUT
Peru leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)]
Philippines AKBAYAN [Reps. Etta ROSALES, Mario AGUJA, and Risa HONTIVEROS-BARAQUIEL]; ANAKPAWIS [Reps. Crispin BELTRAN and Rafael MARIANO]; Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives (APEC) [Reps. Edgar VALDEZ, Ernesto PABLO, and Sunny Rose MADAMBA]; Bayan Muna [Reps. Satur OCAMPO, Joel VIRADOR, and Teodoro CASINO, Jr.]; BUHAY [Reps. Rene VELARDE and Hans Christian SENERES]; BUTIL [Rep. Benjamin CRUZ]; CIBAC [Rep. Emmanuel Joel VILLANUEVA]; GABRIELA [Rep. Liza MAZA]; PARTIDO NG MANGGAGAWA [Rep. Renato MAGTUBO] (2003)
Pitcairn Islands none
Poland All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Jozef GLEMP]; Solidarity Trade Union [Janusz SNIADEK]
Portugal NA
Puerto Rico Armed Forces for National Liberation or FALN; Armed Forces of Popular Resistance; Boricua Popular Army (also known as the Macheteros); Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution
Qatar none
Reunion NA
Romania various human rights and professional associations
Russia NA
Rwanda IBUKA - association of genocide survivors
Saint Helena none
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA
Samoa NA
San Marino NA
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia none
Senegal labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
Serbia and Montenegro Political Council for Presevo, Medvedja and Bujanovac or PCPMB [leader NA]; Group for Changes of Montenegro or GZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]
Seychelles Roman Catholic Church; trade unions
Sierra Leone trade unions and student unions
Singapore NA
Slovakia Association of Employers of Slovakia; Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS; Confederation of Trade Unions or KOZ; Metal Workers Unions or KOVO and METALURG
Slovenia NA
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for power
South Africa Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Zwelinzima VAVI, general secretary]; South African Communist Party or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE, general secretary]; South African National Civics Organization or SANCO [Mlungisi HLONGWANE, national president]; note - COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the ANC
Spain business and landowning interests; Catholic Church; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977); Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO; university students; Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions or CC.OO.; Nunca Mas (Galician for "Never Again"; formed in response to the oil tanker Prestige oil spill)
Sri Lanka Buddhist clergy; labor unions; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam or LTTE [Velupillai PRABHAKARAN](insurgent group fighting for a separate state); radical chauvinist Sinhalese groups such as the National Movement Against Terrorism; Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups
Sudan Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI]; National Democratic Alliance [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI, chairman]; Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army [Dr. John GARANG]; Umma Party [Sadiq al-MAHDI]
Suriname Association of Indigenous Village Chiefs [Ricardo PANE]; Association of Saramaccan Authorities or Maroon [Head Captain WASE]; Women's Parliament Forum or PVF [Iris GILLIAD]
Swaziland NA
Sweden NA
Switzerland NA
Syria conservative religious leaders; Kurdish Democratic Alliance [leader NA]; Kurdish Democratic Front [leader NA]; Muslim Brotherhood (operates in exile in London) [Ali Badr Eddine al-BAYANOUNI]; National Democratic Front [Hassan Abd al-AZIM]
Taiwan Taiwan independence movement, various business and environmental groups note: debate on Taiwan independence has become acceptable within the mainstream of domestic politics on Taiwan; political liberalization and the increased representation of opposition parties in Taiwan's legislature have opened public debate on the island's national identity; a broad popular consensus has developed that Taiwan currently enjoys de facto independence and - whatever the ultimate outcome regarding reunification or independence - that Taiwan's people must have the deciding voice; advocates of Taiwan independence oppose the stand that the island will eventually unify with mainland China; goals of the Taiwan independence movement include establishing a sovereign nation on Taiwan and entering the UN; other organizations supporting Taiwan independence include the World United Formosans for Independence and the Organization for Taiwan Nation Building
Tajikistan there are three unregistered political parties: Agrarian Party or APT [Hikmatullo NASRIDDINOV]; Progressive Party [Sulton QUVVATOV]; Unity Party [Hikmatullo SAIDOV]
Tanzania NA
Thailand NA
Togo NA
Tokelau none
Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]
Trinidad and Tobago Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin BAKR]
Tunisia the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed
Turkey Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Sami EVREN]; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Suleyman CELEBI]; Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Omer BOLAT]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU]; Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Omer SABANCI]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Refik BAYDUR]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Salih KILIC]; Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Dervis GUNDAY]; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]
Turkmenistan NA
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu none
Uganda Popular Resistance Against a Life President or PRALP
Ukraine NA
United Arab Emirates NA
United Kingdom Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers' Union; Trades Union Congress
United States NA
Uruguay Agrupacion UTE (powerful state worker's union), Rural Association of Uruguay (rancher's association), Uruguayan Construction League, Chamber of Uruguayan Industries (manufacturer's association), Chemist and Pharmaceutical Association (professional organization), Architect's Society of Uruguay (professional organization), the Catholic Church, students
Uzbekistan Agrarian and Entrepreneurs' Party [Marat ZAHIDOV]; Birlik (Unity) Movement [Abdurakhim POLAT, chairman]; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party [Muhammad SOLIH, chairman] was banned 9 December 1992; Ezgulik Human Rights Society [Vasilia INOYATOVA]; Free Farmers' Party or Ozod Dehqonlar [Nigara KHIDOYATOVA]; Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Tolib YAKUBOV, chairman]; Independent Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Mikhail ARDZINOV, chairman]; Mazlum [leader NA]
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela FEDECAMARAS, a conservative business group; VECINOS groups; Venezuelan Confederation of Workers or CTV (labor organization dominated by the Democratic Action)
Vietnam none
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna NA
Western Sahara none
Yemen NA
Zambia NA
Zimbabwe National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]; Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition [Brian KAGORO]; Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Lovemore MATOMBO]
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2116 Economy - overview
Afghanistan Afghanistan's economic outlook has improved significantly since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001 because of the infusion of over $2 billion in international assistance, recovery of the agricultural sector, and the reestablishment of market institutions. Agriculture boomed in 2003 with the end of a four-year drought, but drought conditions returned for the southern half of the country in 2004. Despite the progress of the past few years, Afghanistan remains extremely poor, landlocked, and highly dependent on foreign aid, farming, and trade with neighboring countries. It will probably take the remainder of the decade and continuing donor aid and attention to raise Afghanistan's living standards up from its current status among the lowest in the world. Much of the population continues to suffer from shortages of housing, clean water, electricity, medical care, and jobs, but the Afghan government and international donors remain committed to improving access to these basic necessities by prioritizing infrastructure development, education, housing development, jobs programs, and economic reform over the next year. Growing political stability and continued international commitment to Afghan reconstruction create an optimistic outlook for maintaining improvements in the Afghan economy in 2005. Expanding poppy cultivation and a growing opium trade may account for one-third of GDP and looms as one of Kabul's most serious policy challenges.
Akrotiri Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Akrotiri. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
Albania Poor and backward by European standards, Albania is making the difficult transition to a more modern open-market economy. The government has taken measures to curb violent crime and to spur economic activity and trade. The economy is bolstered by annual remittances from abroad of $600-$800 million, mostly from Greece and Italy; this helps offset the towering trade deficit. Agriculture, which accounts for about one-half of GDP, is held back because of frequent drought and the need to modernize equipment, to clarify property rights, and to consolidate small plots of land. Energy shortages and antiquated and inadequate infrastructure make it difficult to attract and sustain foreign investment. The planned construction of a new thermal power plant near Vlore and improved transmission and distribution facilities will help relieve the energy shortages. Also, the government is moving slowly to improve the poor national road and rail network, a long-standing barrier to sustained economic growth. On the positive side: growth was strong in 2003 and 2004, the nation has important oil and gas reserves, and inflation is not a problem.
Algeria The hydrocarbons sector is the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the seventh-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the second-largest gas exporter; it ranks 14th in oil reserves. Sustained high oil prices in recent years, along with macroeconomic policy reforms supported by the IMF, have helped improve Algeria's financial and macroeconomic indicators. Algeria is running substantial trade surpluses and building up record foreign exchange reserves. Real GDP has risen due to higher oil output and increased government spending. The government's continued efforts to diversify the economy by attracting foreign and domestic investment outside the energy sector, however, has had little success in reducing high unemployment and improving living standards. Structural reform within the economy moves ahead slowly.
American Samoa This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts most of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism is a promising developing sector.
Andorra Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
Angola Angola has been an economy in disarray because of a quarter century of nearly continuous warfare. An apparently durable peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002, but consequences from the conflict continue including the impact of widespread land mines. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 45% to GDP and more than half of exports. Much of the country's food must still be imported. To fully take advantage of its rich natural resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to continue reforming government policies and to reduce corruption. While Angola made progress in further lowering inflation, from 325% in 2000 to about 106% in 2002, the government has failed to make sufficient progress on reforms recommended by the IMF such as increasing foreign exchange reserves and promoting greater transparency in government spending. Increased oil production supported 7% GDP growth in 2003 and 12% growth in 2004.
Anguilla Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry, which has spurred the growth of the construction sector, has contributed to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small, but growing. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend largely on the tourism sector and, therefore, on revived income growth in the industrialized nations as well as on favorable weather conditions.
Antarctica Fishing off the coast and tourism, both based abroad, account for the limited economic activity. Antarctic fisheries in 2000-01 (1 July-30 June) reported landing 112,934 metric tons. Unregulated fishing, particularly of Patagonian toothfish, is a serious problem. The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources determines the recommended catch limits for marine species. A total of 13,571 tourists visited in the 2002-03 antarctic summer, up from the 11,588 visitors the previous year. Nearly all of them were passengers on commercial (nongovernmental) ships and several yachts that make trips during the summer. Most tourist trips last approximately two weeks.
Antigua and Barbuda Tourism continues to dominate the economy, accounting for more than half of GDP. Weak tourist arrival numbers since early 2000 have slowed the economy, however, and pressed the government into a tight fiscal corner. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for slightly more than one-third of tourist arrivals.
Arctic Ocean Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Argentina Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Over the past decade, however, the country has suffered problems of inflation, external debt, capital flight, and budget deficits. Growth in 2000 was a negative 0.8%, as both domestic and foreign investors remained skeptical of the government's ability to pay debts and maintain the peso's fixed exchange rate with the US dollar. The economic situation worsened in 2001 with the widening of spreads on Argentine bonds, massive withdrawals from the banks, and a further decline in consumer and investor confidence. Government efforts to achieve a "zero deficit," to stabilize the banking system, and to restore economic growth proved inadequate in the face of the mounting economic problems. The peso's peg to the dollar was abandoned in January 2002, and the peso was floated in February; the exchange rate plunged and real GDP fell by 10.9% in 2002, but by mid-year the economy had stabilized, albeit at a lower level. GDP expanded by more than 8% in 2003 and again in 2004, with unemployment falling and inflation remaining in single digits.
Armenia Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Since the implosion of the USSR in December 1991, Armenia has switched to small-scale agriculture away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. The agricultural sector has long-term needs for more investment and updated technology. The privatization of industry has been at a slower pace, but has been given renewed emphasis by the current administration. Armenia is a food importer, and its mineral deposits (copper, gold, bauxite) are small. The ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the breakup of the centrally directed economic system of the former Soviet Union contributed to a severe economic decline in the early 1990s. By 1994, however, the Armenian Government had launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic liberalization program that resulted in positive growth rates in 1995-2003. Armenia joined the WTO in January 2003. Armenia also has managed to slash inflation, stabilize the local currency (the dram), and privatize most small- and medium-sized enterprises. The chronic energy shortages Armenia suffered in the early and mid-1990s have been offset by the energy supplied by one of its nuclear power plants at Metsamor. Armenia is now a net energy exporter, although it does not have sufficient generating capacity to replace Metsamor, which is under international pressure to close. The electricity distribution system was privatized in 2002. Armenia's severe trade imbalance has been offset somewhat by international aid and foreign direct investment. Economic ties with Russia remain close, especially in the energy sector.
Aruba Tourism is the mainstay of the small, open Aruban economy, with offshore banking and oil refining and storage also important. The rapid growth of the tourism sector over the last decade has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction has boomed, with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. In addition, the reopening of the country's oil refinery in 1993, a major source of employment and foreign exchange earnings, has further spurred growth. Aruba's small labor force and exceptionally low unemployment rate have led to a large number of unfilled job vacancies, despite sharp rises in wage rates in recent years. Tourist arrivals have declined in the aftermath of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the US. The government now must deal with a budget deficit and a negative trade balance.
Ashmore and Cartier Islands no economic activity
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean provides some of the world's most heavily trafficked sea routes, between and within the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Other economic activity includes the exploitation of natural resources, e.g., fishing, dredging of aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and production of crude oil and natural gas (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea).
Australia Australia has an enviable Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP on par with the four dominant West European economies. Rising output in the domestic economy, robust business and consumer confidence, and rising exports of raw materials and agricultural products are fueling the economy. Australia's emphasis on reforms, low inflation, and growing ties with China are other key factors behind the economy's strength. The impact of drought, weak foreign demand, and strong import demand pushed the trade deficit up from $8 billion in 2002, to $18 billion in 2003, and to $13 billion in 2004. One other concern is the rapid increase in domestic housing prices, which have raised the prospect that interest rates will need to be raised to prevent a speculative bubble.
Austria Austria, with its well-developed market economy and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. The economy features up-to-date industrial and agricultural sectors. Timber is a key industry, 47% of the land area being forested. Membership in the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market and proximity to the new EU economies. Slow growth in Europe has held the economy to 0.7% growth in 2001, 1.4% in 2002, 0.8% in 2003, and 1.9% in 2004. To meet increased competition from both EU and Central European countries, particularly the new EU members, Austria will need to emphasize knowledge-based sectors of the economy, continue to deregulate the service sector, and encourage much greater participation in the labor market by its aging population. The aging phenomenon, together with already high health and pension costs, poses fundamental problems in tax and welfare policies.
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan's number one export is oil. Azerbaijan's oil production declined through 1997 but has registered an increase every year since. Negotiation of production-sharing arrangements (PSAs) with foreign firms, which have thus far committed $60 billion to long-term oilfield development, should generate the funds needed to spur future industrial development. Oil production under the first of these PSAs, with the Azerbaijan International Operating Company, began in November 1997. Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. Baku has only recently begun making progress on economic reform, and old economic ties and structures are slowly being replaced. One obstacle to economic progress is the need for stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector. A second obstacle is the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics is declining in importance while trade is building with Turkey and the nations of Europe. Long-term prospects will depend on world oil prices, the location of new pipelines in the region, and Azerbaijan's ability to manage its oil wealth.
Bahamas, The The Bahamas is a stable, developing nation with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism alone accounts for more than 60% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Steady growth in tourism receipts and a boom in construction of new hotels, resorts, and residences had led to solid GDP growth in recent years, but the slowdown in the US economy and the attacks of 11 September 2001 held back growth in these sectors in 2001-03. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy, accounting for about 15% of GDP. However, since December 2000, when the government enacted new regulations on the financial sector, many international businesses have left The Bahamas. Manufacturing and agriculture together contribute approximately a tenth of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. Overall growth prospects in the short run rest heavily on the fortunes of the tourism sector, which depends on growth in the US, the source of more than 80% of the visitors. In addition to tourism and banking, the government supports the development of a "third pillar," e-commerce.
Bahrain In well-to-do Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. A large share of exports consist of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems. In September 2004 Bahrain signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States - the first such agreement undertaken by a Gulf state. Both countries must ratify the FTA before it is enforced.
Baker Island no economic activity
Bangladesh Despite sustained domestic and international efforts to improve economic and demographic prospects, Bangladesh remains a poor, overpopulated, and ill-governed nation. Although half of GDP is generated through the service sector, nearly two-thirds of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product. Major impediments to growth include frequent cyclones and floods, inefficient state-owned enterprises, inadequate port facilities, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed by agriculture, delays in exploiting energy resources (natural gas), insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Economic reform is stalled in many instances by political infighting and corruption at all levels of government. Progress also has been blocked by opposition from the bureaucracy, public sector unions, and other vested interest groups. The BNP government, led by Prime Minister Khaleda ZIA, has the parliamentary strength to push through needed reforms, but the party's political will to do so has been lacking in key areas. One encouraging note: growth has been a steady 5% for the past several years.
Barbados Historically, the Barbadian economy had been dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities, but production in recent years has diversified into light industry and tourism. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners. The government continues its efforts to reduce unemployment, to encourage direct foreign investment, and to privatize remaining state-owned enterprises. The economy contracted in 2002-03 mainly due to a decline in tourism. Growth probably was positive in 2004, as economic conditions in the US and Europe moderately improved.
Bassas da India no economic activity
Belarus Belarus's economy in 2003-04 posted 6.1% and 6.4% growth. Still, the economy continues to be hampered by high inflation, persistent trade deficits, and ongoing rocky relations with Russia, Belarus' largest trading partner and energy supplier. Belarus has seen little structural reform since 1995, when President LUKASHENKO launched the country on the path of "market socialism." In keeping with this policy, LUKASHENKO reimposed administrative controls over prices and currency exchange rates and expanded the state's right to intervene in the management of private enterprises. In addition, businesses have been subject to pressure on the part of central and local governments, e.g., arbitrary changes in regulations, numerous rigorous inspections, retroactive application of new business regulations, and arrests of "disruptive" businessmen and factory owners. A wide range of redistributive policies has helped those at the bottom of the ladder; the Gini coefficient is among the lowest in the world. For the time being, Belarus remains self-isolated from the West and its open-market economies. Growth has been strong in recent years, despite the roadblocks in a tough, centrally directed economy and the high, but decreasing, rate of inflation. Growth has been buoyed by increased Russian demand for generally noncompetitive Belarusian goods.
Belgium This modern private enterprise economy has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Industry is concentrated mainly in the populous Flemish area in the north. With few natural resources, Belgium must import substantial quantities of raw materials and export a large volume of manufactures, making its economy unusually dependent on the state of world markets. Roughly three-quarters of its trade is with other EU countries. Public debt is nearly 100% of GDP. On the positive side, the government has succeeded in balancing its budget, and income distribution is relatively equal. Belgium began circulating the euro currency in January 2002. Economic growth in 2001-03 dropped sharply because of the global economic slowdown, with moderate recovery in 2004.
Belize In this small, essentially private enterprise economy the tourism industry is the number one foreign exchange earner followed by marine products, citrus, cane sugar, bananas, and garments. The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, initiated in September 1998, led to sturdy GDP growth averaging nearly 6% in 1999-2004. Major concerns continue to be the sizable trade deficit and foreign debt. A key short-term objective remains the reduction of poverty with the help of international donors.
Benin The economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Growth in real output has averaged around 5% in the past six years, but rapid population growth has offset much of this increase. Inflation has subsided over the past several years. In order to raise growth still further, Benin plans to attract more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, facilitate the development of new food processing systems and agricultural products, and encourage new information and communication technology. The 2001 privatization policy should continue in telecommunications, water, electricity, and agriculture in spite of initial government reluctance. The Paris Club and bilateral creditors have eased the external debt situation, while pressing for more rapid structural reforms. Benin continues to be hurt by Nigerian trade protection that bans imports of a growing list of products from Benin and elsewhere. As a result, smuggling and criminality along the Benin-Nigeria border has been on the rise.
Bermuda Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, nearly equal to that of the US. Its economy is primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - was severely hit as American tourists chose not to travel. Tourism rebounded somewhat in 2002-04. Most capital equipment and food must be imported. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important; the average cost of a house in June 2003 had risen to $976,000. Agriculture is limited, only 20% of the land being arable.
Bhutan The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 90% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas like industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment.
Bolivia Bolivia, long one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries, reformed its economy after suffering a disastrous economic crisis in the early 1980s. The reforms spurred real GDP growth, which averaged 4 percent in the 1990s, and poverty rates fell. Economic growth, however, lagged again beginning in 1999 because of a global slowdown and homegrown factors such as political turmoil, civil unrest, and soaring fiscal deficits, all of which hurt investor confidence. In 2003, violent protests against the pro-foreign investment economic policies of President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA led to his resignation and the cancellation of plans to export Bolivia's newly discovered natural gas reserves to large northern hemisphere markets. Foreign investment dried up as companies adopted a wait-and-see attitude regarding new President Carlos MESA's willingness to protect investor rights in the face of increased demands by radical groups that the government expropriate foreign-owned assets. Real GDP growth in 2003 and 2004 - helped by increased demand for natural gas in neighboring Brazil - was positive, but still below the levels seen during the 1990s. Bolivia remains dependent on foreign aid from multilateral lenders and foreign governments.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked next to Macedonia as the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture is almost all in private hands, farms are small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally is a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly overstaffed, one reflection of the socialist economic structure of Yugoslavia. TITO had pushed the development of military industries in the republic with the result that Bosnia hosted a number of Yugoslavia's defense plants. The interethnic warfare in Bosnia caused production to plummet by 80% from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar. With an uneasy peace in place, output recovered in 1996-99 at high percentage rates from a low base; but output growth slowed in 2000-02. Part of the lag in output was made up in 2003-2004. National-level statistics are limited and do not capture the large share of black market activity. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM)- the national currency introduced in 1998 - is now pegged to the euro, and the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina has dramatically increased its reserve holdings. Implementation of privatization, however, has been slow, and local entities only reluctantly support national-level institutions. Banking reform accelerated in 2001 as all the Communist-era payments bureaus were shut down. A sizeable current account deficit and high unemployment rate remain the two most serious economic problems. The country receives substantial amounts of reconstruction assistance and humanitarian aid from the international community but will have to prepare for an era of declining assistance.
Botswana Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $9,200 in 2004. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for 70-80% of export earnings. Tourism, financial services, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. On the downside, the government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 23.8%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the second highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. An expected leveling off in diamond mining production overshadow long-term prospects.
Bouvet Island no economic activity; declared a nature reserve
Brazil Possessing large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries and is expanding its presence in world markets. From 2001-03 real wages fell and Brazil's economy grew, on average, only 2.2% per year, as the country absorbed a series of domestic and international economic shocks. That Brazil absorbed these shocks without financial collapse is a tribute to the resiliency of the Brazilian economy and the economic program put in place by former President CARDOSO and strengthened by President LULA DA SILVA. In 2004, Brazil enjoyed more robust growth that yielded increases in employment and real wages. The three pillars of the economic program are a floating exchange rate, an inflation-targeting regime, and tight fiscal policy, all reinforced by a series of IMF programs. The currency depreciated sharply in 2001 and 2002, which contributed to a dramatic current account adjustment: in 2003 and 2004, Brazil ran record trade surpluses and recorded its first current account surpluses since 1992. Productivity gains - particularly in agriculture - also contributed to the surge in exports, and Brazil in 2004 surpassed the previous year's record export level and again posted a current account surplus. While economic management has been good, there remain important economic vulnerabilities. The most significant are debt-related: the government's largely domestic debt increased steadily from 1994 to 2003 - straining government finances - before falling as a percentage of GDP in 2004, while Brazil's foreign debt (a mix of private and public debt) is large in relation to Brazil's small (but growing) export base. Another challenge is maintaining economic growth over a period of time to generate employment and make the government debt burden more manageable.
British Indian Ocean Territory All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.
British Virgin Islands The economy, one of the most stable and prosperous in the Caribbean, is highly dependent on tourism, generating an estimated 45% of the national income. An estimated 350,000 tourists, mainly from the US, visited the islands in 1998. Tourism suffered in 2002 because of the lackluster US economy. In the mid-1980s, the government began offering offshore registration to companies wishing to incorporate in the islands, and incorporation fees now generate substantial revenues. Roughly 400,000 companies were on the offshore registry by yearend 2000. The adoption of a comprehensive insurance law in late 1994, which provides a blanket of confidentiality with regulated statutory gateways for investigation of criminal offenses, is expected to make the British Virgin Islands even more attractive to international business. Livestock raising is the most important agricultural activity; poor soils limit the islands' ability to meet domestic food requirements. Because of traditionally close links with the US Virgin Islands, the British Virgin Islands has used the dollar as its currency since 1959.
Brunei This small, well-to-do economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Bulgaria Bulgaria, a former communist country striving to enter the European Union, has experienced macroeconomic stability and strong growth since a major economic downturn in 1996 led to the fall of the then socialist government. As a result, the government became committed to economic reform and responsible fiscal planning. Minerals, including coal, copper, and zinc play an important role in industry. In 1997, macroeconomic stability was reinforced by the imposition of a fixed exchange rate of the lev against the German D-mark and the negotiation of an IMF standby agreement. Low inflation and steady progress on structural reforms improved the business environment; Bulgaria has averaged 4% growth since 2000 and has begun to attract significant amounts of foreign direct investment. Corruption in the public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime remain the largest challenges for Bulgaria.
Burkina Faso One of the poorest countries in the world, landlocked Burkina Faso has few natural resources and a weak industrial base. About 90% of the population is engaged in subsistence agriculture, which is vulnerable to harsh climatic conditions. Cotton is the key crop and the government has joined with other cotton producing countries in the region to lobby for improved access to Western markets. GDP growth has largely been driven by increases in world cotton prices. Industry remains dominated by unprofitable government-controlled corporations. Following the African franc currency devaluation in January 1994 the government updated its development program in conjunction with international agencies; exports and economic growth have increased. The government devolved macroeconomic policy and inflation targeting to the West African regional central bank (BCEAO), but maintains control over microeconomic policies, including reducing the trade deficit and implementing reforms to encourage private investment. The bitter internal crisis in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire continues to hurt trade and industrial prospects and deepens the need for international assistance.
Burma Burma is a resource-rich country that suffers from government controls, inefficient economic policies, and abject rural poverty. The junta took steps in the early 1990s to liberalize the economy after decades of failure under the "Burmese Way to Socialism", but those efforts have since stalled and some of the liberalization measures have been rescinded. Burma has been unable to achieve monetary or fiscal stability, resulting in an economy that suffers from serious macroeconomic imbalances - including inflation and multiple official exchange rates that overvalue the Burmese kyat. In addition, most overseas development assistance ceased after the junta began to suppress the democracy movement in 1988 and subsequently ignored the results of the 1990 legislative elections. Economic sanctions against Burma by the United States - including a ban on imports of Burmese products and a ban on provision of financial services by US persons in response to the government of Burma's attack in May 2003 on AUNG SAN SUU KYI and her convoy - further slowed the inflow of foreign exchange. Official statistics are inaccurate. Published statistics on foreign trade are greatly understated because of the size of the black market and unofficial border trade - often estimated to be one to two times the size of the official economy. Though the Burmese government has good economic relations with its neighbors, a better investment climate and an improved political situation are needed to promote foreign investment, exports, and tourism. In February 2003, a major banking crisis hit the country's 20 private banks, shutting them down and disrupting the economy. As of January 2004, the largest private banks remained moribund, leaving the private sector with little formal access to credit.
Burundi Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. Since October 1993 an ethnic-based war has resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced 450,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Doubts about the prospects for sustainable peace continue to impede development. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply.
Cambodia Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997 and 1998 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting, and foreign investment and tourism decreased. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, the government made progress on economic reforms. Growth resumed and remained about 5% from 2000 to 2004. Economic growth has been largely driven by expansion in the garment sector and tourism, but is expected to fall in 2005 as growth in the garment sector stalls. Clothing exports were fostered by a US-Cambodian Bilateral Textile Agreement signed in 1999 which gave Cambodia a guaranteed quota of US textile imports and established a bonus for improving working conditions and enforcing Cambodian labor laws and international labor standards in the industry. With the January 2005 expiration of a WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, Cambodia-based textile producers are in direct competition with lower priced producing countries such as China and India. Faced with the possibility that over the next five years Cambodia may lose orders and some of the 250,000 well-paid jobs the industry provides, Cambodia has committed itself to a policy of continued support for high labor standards in an attempt to maintain favor with buyers. Tourism growth remains strong, with arrivals up 15% in 2004. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fully 75% of the population remains engaged in subsistence farming. Fear of renewed political instability and a dysfunctional legal system coupled with extensive government corruption discourage foreign investment. The Cambodian government continues to work with bilateral and multilateral donors to address the country's many pressing needs. In December 2004, official donors pledged $504 million in aid for 2005 on the condition that the Cambodian government begins taking steps to address rampant corruption. The next donor pledging session is scheduled for December 2005. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. More than 50% of the population is 20 years or younger.
Cameroon Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa prices have considerable impact on the economy.
Canada As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, newly entered in the trillion dollar class, Canada closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US. Given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. Solid fiscal management has produced a long-term budget surplus which is substantially reducing the national debt, although public debate continues over how to manage the rising cost of the publicly funded healthcare system. Exports account for roughly a third of GDP. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with its principal trading partner, the United States, which absorbs more than 85% of Canadian exports.
Cape Verde This island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for 72% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 2004 was only 12%, of which fishing accounted for 1.5%. About 82% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances supplement GDP by more than 20%. Economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Future prospects depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, the encouragement of tourism, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.
Cayman Islands With no direct taxation, the islands are a thriving offshore financial center. More than 40,000 companies were registered in the Cayman Islands as of 1998, including almost 600 banks and trust companies; banking assets exceed $500 billion. A stock exchange was opened in 1997. Tourism is also a mainstay, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of foreign currency earnings. The tourist industry is aimed at the luxury market and caters mainly to visitors from North America. Total tourist arrivals exceeded 1.2 million in 1997, with 600,000 from the US. About 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy one of the highest outputs per capita and one of the highest standards of living in the world.
Central African Republic Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with more than 70% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates half of GDP. Timber has accounted for about 16% of export earnings and the diamond industry, for 54%. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked position, a poor transportation system, a largely unskilled work force, and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. Factional fighting between the government and its opponents remains a drag on economic revitalization, with GDP growth at only 0.5% in 2004. Distribution of income is extraordinarily unequal. Grants from France and the international community can only partially meet humanitarian needs.
Chad Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major oilfield and pipeline projects that began in 2000. Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's export earnings; Chad began to export oil in 2004. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves estimated at 1 billion barrels in southern Chad. Oil production came on stream in late 2003.
Chile Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model for economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio AYLWIN - which took over from the military in 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government. Growth in real GDP averaged 8% during 1991-97, but fell to half that level in 1998 because of tight monetary policies implemented to keep the current account deficit in check and because of lower export earnings - the latter a product of the global financial crisis. A severe drought exacerbated the recession in 1999, reducing crop yields and causing hydroelectric shortfalls and electricity rationing, and Chile experienced negative economic growth for the first time in more than 15 years. Despite the effects of the recession, Chile maintained its reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. By the end of 1999, exports and economic activity had begun to recover, and growth rebounded to 4.2% in 2000. Growth fell back to 3.1% in 2001 and 2.1% in 2002, largely due to lackluster global growth and the devaluation of the Argentine peso. Chile's economy began a slow recovery in 2003, growing 3.2% and accelerated to 5.8% in 2004. GDP growth benefited from high copper prices, solid export earnings (particularly forestry, fishing, and mining), and stepped-up foreign direct investment. Unemployment, however, remains stubbornly high. Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, which took effect on 1 January 2004.
China In late 1978 the Chinese leadership began moving the economy from a sluggish, inefficient, Soviet-style centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented system. Whereas the system operates within a political framework of strict Communist control, the economic influence of non-state organizations and individual citizens has been steadily increasing. The authorities switched to a system of household and village responsibility in agriculture in place of the old collectivization, increased the authority of local officials and plant managers in industry, permitted a wide variety of small-scale enterprises in services and light manufacturing, and opened the economy to increased foreign trade and investment. The result has been a quadrupling of GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, China in 2004 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still poor. Agriculture and industry have posted major gains especially in coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan and in Shanghai, where foreign investment has helped spur output of both domestic and export goods. The leadership, however, often has experienced - as a result of its hybrid system - the worst results of socialism (bureaucracy and lassitude) and of capitalism (growing income disparities and rising unemployment). China thus has periodically backtracked, retightening central controls at intervals. The government has struggled to (a) sustain adequate jobs growth for tens of millions of workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, migrants, and new entrants to the work force; (b) reduce corruption and other economic crimes; and (c) keep afloat the large state-owned enterprises, many of which had been shielded from competition by subsidies and had been losing the ability to pay full wages and pensions. From 100 to 150 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs. Popular resistance, changes in central policy, and loss of authority by rural cadres have weakened China's population control program, which is essential to maintaining long-term growth in living standards. At the same time, one demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Another long-term threat to growth is the deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table especially in the north. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. As part of its effort to gradually slow the rapid economic growth seen in 2004, Beijing says it will reduce somewhat its spending on infrastructure in 2005, while continuing to focus on poverty relief and through rural tax reform. Accession to the World Trade Organization helps strengthen its ability to maintain strong growth rates but at the same time puts additional pressure on the hybrid system of strong political controls and growing market influences. China has benefited from a huge expansion in computer Internet use, with 94 million users at the end of 2004. Foreign investment remains a strong element in China's remarkable economic growth. Shortages of electric power and raw materials may affect industrial output in 2005. More power generating capacity is scheduled to come on line in 2006. In its rivalry with India as an economic power, China has a lead in the absorption of technology, the rising prominence in world trade, and the alleviation of poverty; India has one important advantage in its relative mastery of the English language, but the number of competent Chinese English-speakers is growing rapidly.
Christmas Island Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in the near future
Clipperton Island Although 115 species of fish have been identified in the territorial waters of Clipperton Island, the only economic activity is tuna fishing.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Grown throughout the islands, coconuts are the sole cash crop. Small local gardens and fishing contribute to the food supply, but additional food and most other necessities must be imported from Australia. There is a small tourist industry.
Colombia Colombia's economy has been on a recovery trend during the past two years despite a serious armed conflict. The economy continues to improve thanks to austere government budgets, focused efforts to reduce public debt levels, and an export-oriented growth focus. Ongoing economic problems facing President URIBE range from reforming the pension system to reducing high unemployment. New exploration is needed to offset declining oil production. On the positive side, several international financial institutions have praised the economic reforms introduced by URIBE, which include measures designed to reduce the public-sector deficit below 2.5% of GDP. The government's economic policy and democratic security strategy have engendered a growing sense of confidence in the economy, particularly within the business sector. Coffee prices have recovered from previous lows as the Colombian coffee industry pursues greater market shares in developed countries such as the United States.
Comoros One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for the bulk of imports. The government - which is hampered by internal political disputes - is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, improve health services, diversify exports, promote tourism, and reduce the high population growth rate. Increased foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be met. Remittances from 150,000 Comorans abroad help supplement GDP.
Congo, Democratic Republic of the The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed with vast potential wealth - has declined drastically since the mid-1980s. The war, which began in August 1998, dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, increased external debt, and resulted in the deaths of perhaps 3.5 million people from war, famine, and disease. Foreign businesses curtailed operations due to uncertainty about the outcome of the conflict, lack of infrastructure, and the difficult operating environment. Conditions improved in late 2002 with the withdrawal of a large portion of the invading foreign troops. Several IMF and World Bank missions have met with the government to help it develop a coherent economic plan, and President KABILA has begun implementing reforms. Much economic activity lies outside the GDP data. Economic stability, aided by international donors, improved in 2003-04, although an uncertain legal framework, corruption, and a lack of openness in government policy continues to hamper growth. In 2005, renewed activity in the mining sector, the source of most exports, could boost Kinshasa's fiscal position and GDP growth.
Congo, Republic of the The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on oil, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its oil earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 61% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since. Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the IMF. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, who returned to power when the war ended in October 1997, publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit. The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic challenges of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty.
Cook Islands Like many other South Pacific island nations, the Cook Islands' economic development is hindered by the isolation of the country from foreign markets, the limited size of domestic markets, lack of natural resources, periodic devastation from natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Agriculture provides the economic base with major exports made up of copra and citrus fruit. Manufacturing activities are limited to fruit processing, clothing, and handicrafts. Trade deficits are offset by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid, overwhelmingly from New Zealand. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country lived beyond its means, maintaining a bloated public service and accumulating a large foreign debt. Subsequent reforms, including the sale of state assets, the strengthening of economic management, the encouragement of tourism, and a debt restructuring agreement, have rekindled investment and growth.
Coral Sea Islands no economic activity
Costa Rica Costa Rica's basically stable economy depends on tourism, agriculture, and electronics exports. Poverty has been substantially reduced over the past 15 years, and a strong social safety net has been put into place. Foreign investors remain attracted by the country's political stability and high education levels, and tourism continues to bring in foreign exchange. Low prices for coffee and bananas have hurt the agricultural sector. The government continues to grapple with its large deficit and massive internal debt. The reduction of inflation remains a difficult problem because of rises in the price of imports, labor market rigidities, and fiscal deficits. The country also needs to reform its tax system and its pattern of public expenditure. Costa Rica recently concluded negotiations to participate in the US-Central American Free Trade Agreement, which, if ratified by the Costa Rican Legislature, would result in economic reforms and an improved investment climate.
Cote d'Ivoire Cote d'Ivoire is among the world's largest producers and exporters of coffee, cocoa beans, and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products and weather conditions. Despite government attempts to diversify the economy, it is still heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, engaging roughly 68% of the population. After several years of lagging performance, the Ivorian economy began a comeback in 1994, due to the 50% devaluation of the CFA franc and improved prices for cocoa and coffee, growth in nontraditional primary exports such as pineapples and rubber, limited trade and banking liberalization, offshore oil and gas discoveries, and generous external financing and debt rescheduling by multilateral lenders and France. Moreover, government adherence to donor-mandated reforms led to a jump to 5% annual growth during 1996-99. Growth was negative in 2000-03 because of the difficulty of meeting the conditions of international donors, continued low prices of key exports, and severe civil war. In November 2004 the situation deteriorated when President GBAGBO's troops attacked and killed nine French peacekeeping forces, and the UN imposed an arms embargo. Political uncertainty has clouded the economic outlook for 2005, with fear among Ivorians spreading, foreign investment shriveling, businessmen fleeing, travel within the country falling, and criminal elements that traffic in weapons and diamonds gaining ground.
Croatia Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. The economy emerged from a mild recession in 2000 with tourism, banking, and public investments leading the way. Unemployment remains high, at about 14 percent, with structural factors slowing its decline. While macroeconomic stabilization has largely been achieved, structural reforms lag because of deep resistance on the part of the public and lack of strong support from politicians. Growth, while impressively about 4% for the last several years, has been achieved through high fiscal and current account deficits. The government is gradually reducing a heavy back log of civil cases, many involving land tenure. The EU accession process should accelerate fiscal and structural reform.
Cuba The government continues to balance the need for economic loosening against a desire for firm political control. It has undertaken limited reforms to increase enterprise efficiency and alleviate serious shortages of food, consumer goods, and services. A major feature of the economy is the dichotomy between relatively efficient export enclaves and inefficient domestic sectors. The average Cuban's standard of living remains at a lower level than before the depression of the 1990s, which was caused by the loss of Soviet aid and domestic inefficiencies. The government in 2004 strengthened its controls over dollars coming into the economy from tourism, remittances, and trade.
Cyprus The Greek Cypriot economy is prosperous but highly susceptible to external shocks. The service sector, mainly tourism and financial services, dominates the economy; erratic growth rates over the past decade reflect the economy's reliance on tourism, which often fluctuates with political instability in the region and economic conditions in Western Europe. Economic policy is focused on meeting the criteria to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM2) within the next two years although sluggish tourism and poor fiscal management have resulted in growing budget deficits since 2001. As in the Turkish sector, water shortages are a perennial problem; a few desalination plants are now on-line. After 10 years of drought, the country received substantial rainfall from 2001-03, alleviating immediate concerns. The Turkish Cypriot economy has roughly one-third of the per capita GDP of the south, and economic growth tends to be volatile, given north Cyprus's relative isolation, bloated public sector, reliance on the Turkish lira, and small market size. The Turkish Cypriot economy grew 2.6% in 2004, fueled by growth in the construction and education sectors as well as increased employment of Turkish Cypriots in the Republic of Cyprus. The Turkish Cypriots are heavily dependent on transfers from the Turkish government. Ankara provides around $300 million a year directly into the "TRNC" budget and regularly provides additional financing for large infrastructure projects. Agriculture and government service, together employ almost half of the work force, and the potential for tourism is promising, especially with the easing of border restrictions with the Greek Cypriots in April 2003.
Czech Republic The Czech Republic is one of the most stable and prosperous of the post-Communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. Growth in 2000-04 was supported by exports to the EU, primarily to Germany, and a strong recovery of foreign and domestic investment. Domestic demand is playing an ever more important role in underpinning growth as interest rates drop and the availability of credit cards and mortgages increases. Current account deficits of around 5% of GDP are beginning to decline as demand for Czech products in the European Union increases. Inflation is under control. Recent accession to the EU gives further impetus and direction to structural reform. In early 2004 the government passed increases in the Value Added Tax (VAT) and tightened eligibility for social benefits with the intention to bring the public finance gap down to 4% of GDP by 2006, but more difficult pension and healthcare reforms will have to wait until after the next elections. Privatization of the state-owned telecommunications firm Cesky Telecom is scheduled to take place in 2005. Intensified restructuring among large enterprises, improvements in the financial sector, and effective use of available EU funds should strengthen output growth.
Denmark This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, a stable currency, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus. Government objectives include streamlining the bureaucracy and further privatization of state assets. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark has decided not to join 12 other EU members in the euro; even so, the Danish krone remains pegged to the euro. Growth in 2004 was sluggish, yet above the scanty 0.3% of 2003. Because of high GDP per capita, welfare benefits, a low Gini index, and political stability, the Danish people enjoy living standards topped by no other nation. A major long-term issue will be the sharp decline in the ratio of workers to retirees.
Dhekelia Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
Djibouti The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of at least 50% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors.
Dominica The Dominican economy depends on agriculture, primarily bananas, and remains highly vulnerable to climatic conditions and international economic developments. Production of bananas dropped precipitously in 2003, a major reason for the 1% decline in GDP. Tourism increased in 2003 as the government sought to promote Dominica as an "ecotourism" destination. Development of the tourism industry remains difficult, however, because of the rugged coastline, lack of beaches, and the absence of an international airport. The government began a comprehensive restructuring of the economy in 2003 - including elimination of price controls, privatization of the state banana company, and tax increases - to address Dominica's economic crisis and to meet IMF targets. In order to diversify the island's production base the government is attempting to develop an offshore financial sector and is planning to construct an oil refinery on the eastern part of the island.
Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a Caribbean representative democracy which enjoyed GDP growth of more than 7% in 1998-2000. Growth subsequently plummeted as part of the global economic slowdown. Although the country has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in tourism and free trade zones. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GNP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of national income. Growth turned negative in 2003 with reduced tourism, a major bank fraud, and limited growth in the US economy (the source of about 85% of export revenues), but recovered slightly in 2004. Resumption of a badly needed IMF loan, slowed due to government repurchase of electrical power plants, is basic to the restoration of social and economic stability. Newly elected President FERNANDEZ in mid-2004 promised belt-tightening reform. His administration has passed tax reform and is working to meet preconditions for a $600 IMF standby arrangement to ease the country's fiscal situation.
East Timor In late 1999, about 70% of the economic infrastructure of East Timor was laid waste by Indonesian troops and anti-independence militias, and 300,000 people fled westward. Over the next three years, however, a massive international program, manned by 5,000 peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) and 1,300 police officers, led to substantial reconstruction in both urban and rural areas. By 2003, all but about 30,000 of the refugees had returned. Growth was held back in 2003 by extensive drought and the gradual winding down of the international presence. The country faces great challenges in continuing the rebuilding of infrastructure, strengthening the infant civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the workforce. One promising long-term project is the planned development of oil and gas resources in nearby waters, which have begun to supplement government revenues ahead of schedule.
Ecuador Ecuador has substantial petroleum resources, which have accounted for 40% of the country's export earnings and one-fourth of central government budget revenues in recent years. Consequently, fluctuations in world market prices can have a substantial domestic impact. In the late 1990s, Ecuador suffered its worst economic crisis, with natural disasters and sharp declines in world petroleum prices driving Ecuador's economy into free fall in 1999. Real GDP contracted by more than 6%, with poverty worsening significantly. The banking system also collapsed, and Ecuador defaulted on its external debt later that year. The currency depreciated by some 70% in 1999, and, on the brink of hyperinflation, the MAHAUD government announced it would dollarize the economy. A coup, however, ousted MAHAUD from office in January 2000, and after a short-lived junta failed to garner military support, Vice President Gustavo NOBOA took over the presidency. In March 2000, Congress approved a series of structural reforms that also provided the framework for the adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and growth returned to its pre-crisis levels in the years that followed. Under the administration of Lucio GUTIERREZ - January 2003 to April 2005 - Ecuador benefited from higher world petroleum prices, but the government has made little progress on economic reforms necessary to reduce Ecuador's vulnerability to petroleum price swings and financial crises.
Egypt Lack of substantial progress on economic reform since the mid 1990s has limited foreign direct investment in Egypt and kept annual GDP growth in the range of 2%-3% in 2001-03. However, in 2004 Egypt implemented several measures to boost foreign direct investment. In September 2004, Egypt pushed through custom reforms, proposed income and corporate tax reforms, reduced energy subsidies, and privatized several enterprises. The budget deficit rose to an estimated 8% of GDP in 2004 compared to 6.1% of GDP the previous year, in part as a result of these reforms. Monetary pressures on an overvalued Egyptian pound led the government to float the currency in January 2003, leading to a sharp drop in its value and consequent inflationary pressure. In 2004, the Central Bank implemented measures to improve currency liquidity. Egypt reached record tourism levels, despite the Taba and Nuweiba bombings in September 2004. The development of an export market for natural gas is a bright spot for future growth prospects, but improvement in the capital-intensive hydrocarbons sector does little to reduce Egypt's persistent unemployment.
El Salvador GDP per capita is roughly half that of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, and the distribution of income is highly unequal. The government is striving to open new export markets, encourage foreign investment, modernize the tax and healthcare systems, and stimulate the sluggish economy. Implementation of the Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement, ratified by El Salvador in 2004, is viewed as a key policy to help achieve these objectives. The trade deficit has been offset by annual remittances from Salvadorans living abroad - 16% of GDP in 2004 - and external aid. With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency, El Salvador has lost control over monetary policy and must concentrate on maintaining a disciplined fiscal policy.
Equatorial Guinea The discovery and exploitation of large oil reserves have contributed to dramatic economic growth in recent years. Forestry, farming, and fishing are also major components of GDP. Subsistence farming predominates. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy under successive regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth (the government has stated its intention to reinvest some oil revenue into agriculture). A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off since 1993 because of corruption and mismanagement. No longer eligible for concessional financing because of large oil revenues, the government has been unsuccessfully trying to agree on a "shadow" fiscal management program with the World Bank and IMF. Businesses, for the most part, are owned by government officials and their family members. Undeveloped natural resources include titanium, iron ore, manganese, uranium, and alluvial gold. Growth presumably remained strong in 2004, led by oil.
Eritrea Since independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993, Eritrea has faced the economic problems of a small, desperately poor country. Like the economies of many African nations, the economy is largely based on subsistence agriculture, with 80% of the population involved in farming and herding. The Ethiopian-Eritrea war in 1998-2000 severely hurt Eritrea's economy. GDP growth fell to zero in 1999 and to -12.1% in 2000. The May 2000 Ethiopian offensive into northern Eritrea caused some $600 million in property damage and loss, including losses of $225 million in livestock and 55,000 homes. The attack prevented planting of crops in Eritrea's most productive region, causing food production to drop by 62%. Even during the war, Eritrea developed its transportation infrastructure, asphalting new roads, improving its ports, and repairing war damaged roads and bridges. Since the war ended, the government has maintained a firm grip on the economy, expanding the use of the military and party-owned businesses to complete Eritrea's development agenda. Erratic rainfall and the delayed demobilization of agriculturalists from the military kept cereal production well below normal, holding down growth in 2002-04. Eritrea's economic future depends upon its ability to master social problems such as illiteracy, unemployment, and low skills, and to open its economy to private enterprise so the diaspora's money and expertise can foster economic growth.
Estonia Estonia, as a new member of the World Trade Organization and the European Union, has transitioned effectively to a modern market economy with strong ties to the West, including the pegging of its currency to the euro. The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and is greatly influenced by developments in Finland, Sweden, and Germany, three major trading partners. The current account deficit remains high; however, the state budget enjoyed a surplus of $130 million in 2003.
Ethiopia Ethiopia's poverty-stricken economy is based on agriculture, accounting for half of GDP, 60% of exports, and 80% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent drought and poor cultivation practices. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy with exports of some $156 million in 2002, but historically low prices have seen many farmers switching to qat to supplement income. The war with Eritrea in 1998-2000 and recurrent drought have buffeted the economy, in particular coffee production. In November 2001, Ethiopia qualified for debt relief from the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Under Ethiopia's land tenure system, the government owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; the system continues to hamper growth in the industrial sector as entrepreneurs are unable to use land as collateral for loans. Drought struck again late in 2002, leading to a 2% decline in GDP in 2003. Normal weather patterns late in 2003 helped agricultural and GDP growth recover in 2004.
Europa Island no economic activity
European Union Domestically, the European Union attempts to lower trade barriers, adopt a common currency, and move toward convergence of living standards. Internationally, the EU aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic power. Because of the great differences in per capita income (from $10,000 to $28,000) and historic national animosities, the European Community faces difficulties in devising and enforcing common policies. For example, both Germany and France since 2003 have flouted the member states' treaty obligation to prevent their national budgets from running more than a 3% deficit. In 2004, the EU admitted 10 central and eastern European countries that are, in general, less advanced technologically and economically than the existing 15. Twelve EU member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999. The UK, Sweden, and Denmark do not now participate; the 10 new member states may choose to adopt the euro when they meet the EU's fiscal and monetary criteria and the member states so agree.
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Faroe Islands The Faroese economy has had a strong performance since 1994, mostly as a result of increasing fish landings and high and stable export prices. Unemployment is minimal and there are signs of labor shortages in several sectors. The positive economic development has helped the Faroese Home Rule Government produce increasing budget surpluses, which in turn has helped to reduce the large public debt, most of it owed to Denmark. However, the total dependence on fishing makes the Faroese economy extremely vulnerable, and the present fishing efforts appear in excess of what is a sustainable level of fishing in the long term. Oil finds close to the Faroese area give hope for deposits in the immediate Faroese area, which may eventually lay the basis for a more diversified economy and thus lessen dependence on Danish economic assistance. Aided by a substantial annual subsidy (15% of GDP) from Denmark, the Faroese have a standard of living not far below the Danes and other Scandinavians.
Fiji Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though still with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports and a growing tourist industry - with 300,000 to 400,000 tourists annually - are the major sources of foreign exchange. Sugar processing makes up one-third of industrial activity, but is inefficient. Long-term problems include low investment, uncertain land ownership rights, and the government's ability to manage its budget. Yet short-run economic prospects are good, provided tensions do not again erupt between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians. Overseas remittances from Fijians working in Kuwait and Iraq have increased significantly.
Finland Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy, with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important, with exports equaling two-fifths of GDP. Finland excels in high-tech exports, e.g., mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Rapidly increasing integration with Western Europe - Finland was one of the 12 countries joining the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) - will dominate the economic picture over the next several years. Growth in 2003 was held back by the global slowdown but picked up in 2004. High unemployment remains a persistent problem.
France France is in the midst of transition, from a well-to-do modern economy that has featured extensive government ownership and intervention to one that relies more on market mechanisms. The government has partially or fully privatized many large companies, banks, and insurers. It retains controlling stakes in several leading firms, including Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales, and is dominant in some sectors, particularly power, public transport, and defense industries. The telecommunications sector is gradually being opened to competition. France's leaders remain committed to a capitalism in which they maintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that reduce income disparity and the impact of free markets on public health and welfare. The government has lowered income taxes and introduced measures to boost employment and reform the pension system. In addition, it is focusing on the problems of the high cost of labor and labor market inflexibility resulting from the 35-hour workweek and restrictions on lay-offs. The tax burden remains one of the highest in Europe (43.8% of GDP in 2003). The lingering economic slowdown and inflexible budget items have pushed the budget deficit above the eurozone's 3%-of-GDP limit. Finance Minister Herve GAYMARD has promised that the 2005 deficit will fall below 3%.
French Guiana The economy is tied closely to the much larger French economy through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou (which accounts for 25% of GDP), fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities. Forest and woodland cover 90% of the country. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry that provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops is limited to the coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated; rice and manioc are the major crops. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger workers.
French Polynesia Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence agricultural economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. With the halt of French nuclear testing in 1996, the military contribution to the economy fell sharply. Tourism accounts for about one-fourth of GDP and is a primary source of hard currency earnings. Other sources of income are pearl farming and deep-sea commercial fishing. The small manufacturing sector primarily processes agricultural products. The territory benefits substantially from development agreements with France aimed principally at creating new businesses and strengthening social services.
French Southern and Antarctic Lands Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.
Gabon Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most of sub-Saharan African nations. This has supported a sharp decline in extreme poverty; yet because of high income inequality a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. The oil sector now accounts for 50% of GDP. Gabon continues to face fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports. Despite the abundance of natural wealth, poor fiscal management hobbles the economy. Devaluation of its currency by 50% in January 1994 sparked a one-time inflationary surge, to 35%; the rate dropped to 6% in 1996. The IMF provided a one-year standby arrangement in 1994-95, a three-year Enhanced Financing Facility (EFF) at near commercial rates beginning in late 1995, and stand-by credit of $119 million in October 2000. Those agreements mandate progress in privatization and fiscal discipline. France provided additional financial support in January 1997 after Gabon had met IMF targets for mid-1996. In 1997, an IMF mission to Gabon criticized the government for overspending on off-budget items, overborrowing from the central bank, and slipping on its schedule for privatization and administrative reform. The rebound of oil prices in 1999-2000 helped growth, but drops in production hampered Gabon from fully realizing potential gains. In December 2000, Gabon signed a new agreement with the Paris Club to reschedule its official debt. A follow-up bilateral repayment agreement with the US was signed in December 2001. Gabon signed a 14 month Stand-By Arrangement with the IMF in May 2004, and received Paris Club debt rescheduling later that year. Short-term progress depends on an upbeat world economy and fiscal and other adjustments in line with IMF policies.
Gambia, The The Gambia has no significant mineral or natural resource deposits and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. Reexport trade normally constitutes a major segment of economic activity, but a 1999 government-imposed preshipment inspection plan, and instability of the Gambian dalasi (currency) have drawn some of the reexport trade away from The Gambia. The government's 1998 seizure of the private peanut firm Alimenta eliminated the largest purchaser of Gambian groundnuts; the following two marketing seasons saw substantially lower prices and sales. Despite an announced program to begin privatizing key parastatals, no plans have been made public that would indicate that the government intends to follow through on its promises. Unemployment and underemployment rates remain extremely high; short-run economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, on continued technical assistance from the IMF and bilateral donors, and on expected growth in the construction sector.
Gaza Strip High population density, limited land access, and strict internal and external controls have kept economic conditions in the Gaza Strip - the smaller of the two areas under the Palestinian Authority - even more degraded than in the West Bank. An anticipated Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in 2005 may offer some medium-term opportunities for economic growth. The beginning of the second intifadah in September 2000 sparked an economic downturn, largely the result of Israeli closure policies; these policies, which were imposed in response to security interests in Israel, disrupted labor and commodity relationships with the Gaza Strip. In 2001, and even more severely in 2003, Israeli military measures in Palestinian Authority areas resulted in the destruction of much capital plant, the disruption of administrative structure, and widespread business closures. Including the West Bank, the UN estimates that more than 100,000 Palestinians out of the 125,000 who used to work in Israel or in joint industrial zones have lost their jobs. International aid of $2 billion to Gaza Strip and the West Bank in 2004 prevented the complete collapse of the economy and allowed some reforms in the government's financial operations. Meanwhile unemployment has continued at half the labor force. ARAFAT's death in 2004 leaves open more political options that could affect the economy.
Georgia Georgia's main economic activities include the cultivation of agricultural products such as citrus fruits, tea, hazelnuts, and grapes; mining of manganese and copper; and output of a small industrial sector producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals. The country imports the bulk of its energy needs, including natural gas and oil products. Its only sizable internal energy resource is hydropower. Despite the severe damage the economy has suffered due to civil strife, Georgia, with the help of the IMF and World Bank, has made substantial economic gains since 1995, achieving positive GDP growth and curtailing inflation. However, the Georgian Government has suffered from limited resources due to a chronic failure to collect tax revenues. Georgia's new government is making progress in reforming the tax code, enforcing taxes, and cracking down on corruption. Georgia also suffers from energy shortages; it privatized the T'bilisi electricity distribution network in 1998, but payment collection rates remain low, both in T'bilisi and throughout the regions. The country is pinning its hopes for long-term growth on its role as a transit state for pipelines and trade. The construction on the Baku-T'bilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and the Baku-T'bilisi-Erzerum gas pipeline have brought much-needed investment and job opportunities.
Germany Germany's affluent and technologically powerful economy - the fifth largest in the world - has become one of the slowest growing economies in the euro zone. A quick turnaround is not in the offing in the foreseeable future. Growth in 2001-03 fell short of 1%, rising to 1.7% in 2004. The modernization and integration of the eastern German economy continues to be a costly long-term process, with annual transfers from west to east amounting to roughly $70 billion. Germany's aging population, combined with high unemployment, has pushed social security outlays to a level exceeding contributions from workers. Structural rigidities in the labor market - including strict regulations on laying off workers and the setting of wages on a national basis - have made unemployment a chronic problem. Corporate restructuring and growing capital markets are setting the foundations that could allow Germany to meet the long-term challenges of European economic integration and globalization, particularly if labor market rigidities are further addressed. In the short run, however, the fall in government revenues and the rise in expenditures have raised the deficit above the EU's 3% debt limit.
Ghana Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 34% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002. Priorities include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector helped sustain GDP growth in 2004. Inflation should ease, but remain a major internal problem.
Gibraltar Self-sufficient Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Glorioso Islands no economic activity
Greece Greece has a capitalist economy with the public sector accounting for about 40% of GDP and with per capita GDP 70% of the leading euro-zone economies. Tourism provides 15% of GDP. Immigrants make up nearly one-fifth of the work force, mainly in menial jobs. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 3.3% of annual GDP. The Greek economy grew by about 4.0% for the past two years, largely because of an investment boom and infrastructure upgrades for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. Despite strong growth, Greece has failed to meet the EU's Growth and Stability Pact budget deficit criteria of 3% of GDP since 2000; public debt, inflation, and unemployment are also above the eurozone average. Further restructuring of the economy will need to include privatizing of several state enterprises, undertaking pension and other reforms, and minimizing bureaucratic inefficiencies.
Greenland The economy remains critically dependent on exports of fish and substantial support from the Danish Government, which supplies about half of government revenues. The public sector, including publicly-owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays the dominant role in the economy. Despite several interesting hydrocarbon and minerals exploration activities, it will take several years before production can materialize. Tourism is the only sector offering any near-term potential, and even this is limited due to a short season and high costs.
Grenada Grenada relies on tourism as its main source of foreign exchange, especially since the construction of an international airport in 1985. Strong performances in construction and manufacturing, together with the development of an offshore financial industry, have also contributed to growth in national output.
Guadeloupe The Caribbean economy depends on agriculture, tourism, light industry, and services. It also depends on France for large subsidies and imports. Tourism is a key industry, with most tourists from the US; an increasingly large number of cruise ships visit the islands. The traditional sugarcane crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas (which now supply about 50% of export earnings), eggplant, and flowers. Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption, although Guadeloupe is still dependent on imported food, mainly from France. Light industry features sugar and rum production. Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. Unemployment is especially high among the young. Hurricanes periodically devastate the economy.
Guam The economy depends on US military spending, tourism, and the export of fish and handicrafts. Total US grants, wage payments, and procurement outlays amounted to $1 billion in 1998. Over the past 20 years, the tourist industry has grown rapidly, creating a construction boom for new hotels and the expansion of older ones. More than 1 million tourists visit Guam each year. The industry had recently suffered setbacks because of the continuing Japanese slowdown; the Japanese normally make up almost 90% of the tourists. Most food and industrial goods are imported. Guam faces the problem of building up the civilian economic sector to offset the impact of military downsizing.
Guatemala Guatemala is the largest and most populous of the Central American countries with a GDP per capita roughly one-half that of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. The agricultural sector accounts for about one-fourth of GDP, two-thirds of exports, and half of the labor force. Coffee, sugar, and bananas are the main products. The 1996 signing of peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, but widespread political violence and corruption scandals continue to dampen investor confidence. The distribution of income remains highly unequal, with perhaps 75% of the population below the poverty line. Other ongoing challenges include increasing government revenues, negotiating further assistance from international donors, upgrading both government and private financial operations, curtailing drug trafficking, and narrowing the trade deficit.
Guernsey Financial services - banking, fund management, insurance - account for about 55% of total income in this tiny, prosperous Channel Island economy. Tourism, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Light tax and death duties make Guernsey a popular tax haven. The evolving economic integration of the EU nations is changing the environment under which Guernsey operates.
Guinea Guinea possesses major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural resources, yet remains an underdeveloped nation. The country possesses over 30% of the world's bauxite reserves and is the second-largest bauxite producer. The mining sector accounted for about 75% of exports in 1999. Long-run improvements in government fiscal arrangements, literacy, and the legal framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. Fighting along the Sierra Leonean and Liberian borders, as well as refugee movements, have caused major economic disruptions, aggravating a loss in investor confidence. Foreign mining companies have reduced expatriate staff. Panic buying has created food shortages and inflation and caused riots in local markets. Guinea is not receiving multilateral aid. The IMF and World Bank cut off most assistance in 2003. Growth rose slightly in 2004, primarily due to increases in global demand and commodity prices on world markets.
Guinea-Bissau One of the 10 poorest countries in the world, Guinea-Bissau depends mainly on farming and fishing. Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years, and the country now ranks sixth in cashew production. Guinea-Bissau exports fish and seafood along with small amounts of peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. Rice is the major crop and staple food. However, intermittent fighting between Senegalese-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed much of the country's infrastructure and caused widespread damage to the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that year, with partial recovery in 1999-2002. Before the war, trade reform and price liberalization were the most successful part of the country's structural adjustment program under IMF sponsorship. The tightening of monetary policy and the development of the private sector had also begun to reinvigorate the economy. Because of high costs, the development of petroleum, phosphate, and other mineral resources is not a near-term prospect. However, unexploited offshore oil reserves could provide much-needed revenue in the long run. The inequality of income distribution is one of the most extreme in the world. The government and international donors continue to work out plans to forward economic development from a lamentably low base. In December 2003, the World Bank, IMF, and UNDP were forced to step in to provide emergency budgetary support in the amount of $107 million for 2004, representing over 80% of the total national budget. Government drift and indecision, however, have resulted in continued low growth in 2004.
Guyana The Guyanese economy exhibited moderate economic growth in 2001-02, based on expansion in the agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiatives, a more realistic exchange rate, fairly low inflation, and the continued support of international organizations. Growth then slowed in 2003 and came back gradually in 2004, buoyed largely by increased export earnings. Chronic problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure. The government is juggling a sizable external debt against the urgent need for expanded public investment. The bauxite mining sector should benefit in the near term from restructuring and partial privatization.
Haiti In this poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, 80% of the population lives in abject poverty, and natural disasters frequently sweep the nation. Two-thirds of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming. Following legislative elections in May 2000, fraught with irregularities, international donors - including the US and EU - suspended almost all aid to Haiti. The economy shrank an estimated 1.2% in 2001, 0.9% in 2002, grew 0.4% in 2003, and shrank by 3.5% in 2004. Suspended aid and loan disbursements totaled more than $500 million at the start of 2003. Haiti also suffers from rampant inflation, a lack of investment, and a severe trade deficit. In early 2005 Haiti paid its arrears to the World Bank, paving the way to reengagement with the Bank. The resumption of aid flows from all donors is alleviating but not ending the nation's bitter economic problems. Civil strife in 2004 combined with extensive damage from flooding in southern Haiti in May 2004 and Tropical Storm Jeanne in northwestern Haiti in September 2004 further impoverished Haiti.
Heard Island and McDonald Islands No indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing around the islands.
Holy See (Vatican City) This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world (known as Peter's Pence); by the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; by fees for admission to museums; and by the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.
Honduras Honduras, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere with an extraordinarily unequal distribution of income and massive unemployment, is banking on expanded trade under the U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) and on debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. The country has met most of its macroeconomic targets, and began a three-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PGRF) program in February 2004. Growth remains dependent on the economy of the US, its largest trading partner, on commodity prices, particularly coffee, and on reduction of the high crime rate.
Hong Kong Hong Kong has a free market, entrepot economy, highly dependent on international trade. Natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. Gross imports and exports (i.e., including reexports to and from third countries) each exceed GDP in dollar value. Even before Hong Kong reverted to Chinese administration on 1 July 1997, it had extensive trade and investment ties with China. Hong Kong has been further integrating its economy with China because China's growing openness to the world economy has made manufacturing in China much more cost effective. Hong Kong's reexport business to and from China is a major driver of growth. Per capita GDP is comparable to that of the four big economies of Western Europe. GDP growth averaged a strong 5% from 1989 to 1997, but Hong Kong suffered two recessions in the past six years because of the Asian financial crisis in 1998 and the global downturn in 2001 and 2002. Although the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak also battered Hong Kong's economy, a boom in tourism from the mainland because of China's easing of travel restrictions, a return of consumer confidence, and a solid rise in exports resulted in the resumption of strong growth in late 2003 and in 2004.
Howland Island no economic activity
Hungary Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income one-half that of the Big Four European nations. Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and acceded to the European Union in May 2004. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than $23 billion since 1989. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 and together with the Czech Republic holds the highest rating among the Central European transition economies; however, ratings agencies have expressed concerns over Hungary's unsustainable budget and current account deficits. Inflation has declined from 14% in 1998 to 7% in 2004. Unemployment has persisted around the 6% level, but Hungary's labor force participation rate of 57% is one of the lowest in the OECD. Germany is by far Hungary's largest economic partner. Policy challenges include cutting the public sector deficit to 3% of GDP by 2008, from about 5% in 2004, and orchestrating an orderly interest rate reduction without sparking capital outflows.
Iceland Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, yet with an extensive welfare system (including generous housing subsidies), low unemployment, and remarkably even distribution of income. In the absence of other natural resources (except for abundant geothermal power), the economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 70% of export earnings and employs 8% of the work force. The economy remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Government policies include reducing the budget and current account deficits, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, diversifying the economy, and privatizing state-owned industries. The government remains opposed to EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, and new developments in software production, biotechnology, and financial services are taking place. The tourism sector is also expanding, with the recent trends in ecotourism and whale watching. Growth had been remarkably steady in 1996-2001 at 3%-5%, but could not be sustained in 2002 in an environment of global recession. Growth resumed in 2003, and estimates call for strong growth until 2007, slowly dropping until the end of the decade.
India India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Services are the major source of economic growth, though two-thirds of the workforce is in agriculture. The UPA government has committed to furthering economic reforms and developing basic infrastructure to improve the lives of the rural poor and boost economic performance. Government controls on foreign trade and investment have been reduced in some areas, but high tariffs (averaging 20% in 2004) and limits on foreign direct investment are still in place. The government has indicated it will do more to liberalize investment in civil aviation, telecom, and insurance sectors in the near term. Privatization of government-owned industries has proceeded slowly, and continues to generate political debate; continued social, political, and economic rigidities hold back needed initiatives. The economy has posted an excellent average growth rate of 6.8% since 1994, reducing poverty by about 10 percentage points. India is capitalizing on its large numbers of well-educated people skilled in the English language to become a major exporter of software services and software workers. Despite strong growth, the World Bank and others worry about the combined state and federal budget deficit, running at approximately 9% of GDP. The huge and growing population is the fundamental social, economic, and environmental problem. In late December 2004, a major tsunami took nearly 11,000 lives, left almost 6,000 missing, destroyed $1.2 billion worth of property, and severely damaged the fishing fleet.
Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Indonesia Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has restored financial stability and pursued sober fiscal policies since the Asian financial crisis, but many economic development problems remain, including high unemployment, a fragile banking sector, endemic corruption, inadequate infrastructure, a poor investment climate, and unequal resource distribution among regions. Indonesia became a net oil importer in 2004 due to declining production and lack of new exploration investment. As a result, Jakarta is not reaping the benefits of high world oil prices, and the cost of subsidizing domestic fuel prices has placed an increasing strain on the budget. Keys to future growth remain internal reform, building up the confidence of international and domestic investors, and strong global economic growth. In late December 2004, a major tsunami took nearly 127,000 lives, left more than 93,000 missing and nearly 441,000 displaced, and destroyed $4.5 to $5.0 billion worth of property.
Iran Iran's economy is marked by a bloated, inefficient state sector, over reliance on the oil sector, and statist policies that create major distortions throughout. Most economic activity is controlled by the state. Private sector activity is typically small-scale - workshops, farming, and services. President KHATAMI has continued to follow the market reform plans of former President RAFSANJANI, with limited progress. Relatively high oil prices in recent years have enabled Iran to amass some $30 billion in foreign exchange reserves, but have not eased economic hardships such as high unemployment and inflation. The proportion of the economy devoted to the development of weapons of mass destruction remains a contentious issue with leading Western nations.
Iraq Iraq's economy is dominated by the oil sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity. Although government policies supporting large military and internal security forces and allocating resources to key supporters of the regime hurt the economy, implementation of the UN's oil-for-food program beginning in December 1996 helped improve conditions for the average Iraqi citizen. Iraq was allowed to export limited amounts of oil in exchange for food, medicine, and some infrastructure spare parts. In December 1999, the UN Security Council authorized Iraq to export under the program as much oil as required to meet humanitarian needs. The drop in GDP in 2001-02 was largely the result of the global economic slowdown and lower oil prices. Per capita food imports increased significantly, while medical supplies and health care services steadily improved. Per capita output and living standards were still well below the pre-1991 level, but any estimates have a wide range of error. The military victory of the US-led coalition in March-April 2003 resulted in the shutdown of much of the central economic administrative structure. Although a comparatively small amount of capital plant was damaged during the hostilities, looting, insurgent attacks, and sabotage have undermined efforts to rebuild the economy. Despite continuing political uncertainty, the Iraqi Interim Government (IG) has founded the institutions needed to implement economic policy, and has successfully concluded a debt reduction agreement with the Paris Club. The high percentage gain estimated for GDP in 2004 is the result of starting from a low base.
Ireland Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy with growth averaging a robust 7% in 1995-2004. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry and services. Industry accounts for 46% of GDP, about 80% of exports, and 29% of the labor force. Although exports remain the primary engine for Ireland's growth, the economy has also benefited from a rise in consumer spending, construction, and business investment. Per capita GDP is 10% above that of the four big European economies and the second highest in the EU behind Luxembourg. Over the past decade, the Irish Government has implemented a series of national economic programs designed to curb price and wage inflation, reduce government spending, increase labor force skills, and promote foreign investment. Ireland joined in circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU nations.
Israel Israel has a technologically advanced market economy with substantial government participation. It depends on imports of crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Despite limited natural resources, Israel has intensively developed its agricultural and industrial sectors over the past 20 years. Israel imports substantial quantities of grain, but is largely self-sufficient in other agricultural products. Cut diamonds, high-technology equipment, and agricultural products (fruits and vegetables) are the leading exports. Israel usually posts sizable current account deficits, which are covered by large transfer payments from abroad and by foreign loans. Roughly half of the government's external debt is owed to the US, which is its major source of economic and military aid. The bitter Israeli-Palestinian conflict; difficulties in the high-technology, construction, and tourist sectors; and fiscal austerity in the face of growing inflation led to small declines in GDP in 2001 and 2002. The economy grew at 1% in 2003, with improvements in tourism and foreign direct investment. In 2004, rising business and consumer confidence - as well as higher demand for Israeli exports boosted GDP by 3.9%.
Italy Italy has a diversified industrial economy with roughly the same total and per capita output as France and the UK. This capitalistic economy remains divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less developed, welfare-dependent agricultural south, with 20% unemployment. Most raw materials needed by industry and more than 75% of energy requirements are imported. Over the past decade, Italy has pursued a tight fiscal policy in order to meet the requirements of the Economic and Monetary Unions and has benefited from lower interest and inflation rates. The current government has enacted numerous short-term reforms aimed at improving competitiveness and long-term growth. Italy has moved slowly, however, on implementing needed structural reforms, such as lightening the high tax burden and overhauling Italy's rigid labor market and over-generous pension system, because of the current economic slowdown and opposition from labor unions. But the leadership faces a severe economic constraint: the budget has breached the 3% EU deficit ceiling.
Jamaica The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which now account for 60% of GDP. The country continues to derive most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. The global economic slowdown, particularly after the terrorist attacks in the US on 11 September 2001, stunted economic growth; the economy rebounded moderately in 2003-04, with brisk tourist seasons. But the economy faces serious long-term problems: high interest rates; increased foreign competition; a pressured, sometimes sliding, exchange rate; a sizable merchandise trade deficit; large-scale unemployment; and a growing internal debt, the result of government bailouts to ailing sectors of the economy. The ratio of debt to GDP is close to 150%. Inflation, previously a bright spot, is expected to remain in the double digits. Uncertain economic conditions have led to increased civil unrest, including gang violence fueled by the drug trade. In 2004, the government faced the difficult prospect of having to achieve fiscal discipline in order to maintain debt payments while simultaneously attacking a serious and growing crime problem which is hampering economic growth. Attempts at deficit control were derailed by Hurricane Ivan in September 2004, which required substantial government spending to repair the damage. Despite the hurricane, tourism looks set to enjoy solid growth for the foreseeable future.
Jan Mayen Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations on the island.
Japan Government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan advance with extraordinary rapidity to the rank of second most technologically-powerful economy in the world after the US and third-largest economy after the US and China, measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. (Using market exhange rates rather than PPP rates, Japan's economy is larger than China's.) One notable characteristic of the economy is the working together of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors in closely-knit groups called keiretsu. A second basic feature has been the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding. Industry, the most important sector of the economy, is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. The tiny agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. Usually self sufficient in rice, Japan must import about 50% of its requirements of other grain and fodder crops. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch. For three decades overall real economic growth had been spectacular: a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the after effects of overinvestment during the late 1980s and contractionary domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. From 2000 to 2003, government efforts to revive economic growth met with little success and were further hampered by the slowing of the US, European, and Asian economies. In 2004, growth improved and the lingering fears of deflation in prices and economic activity lessened. Japan's huge government debt, which totals more than 160% of GDP, and the aging of the population are two major long-run problems. A rise in taxes could be viewed as endangering the revival of growth. Robotics constitutes a key long-term economic strength with Japan possessing 410,000 of the world's 720,000 "working robots." Internal conflict over the proper way to reform the ailing banking system continues.
Jarvis Island no economic activity
Jersey The Channel Island economy is based on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. In 1996 the finance sector accounted for about 60% of the island's output. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export income earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. Tourism accounts for 24% of GDP. In recent years, the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular tax haven. Living standards come close to those of the UK.
Johnston Atoll Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
Jordan Jordan is a small Arab country with inadequate supplies of water and other natural resources such as oil. Debt, poverty, and unemployment are fundamental problems, but King ABDALLAH, since assuming the throne in 1999, has undertaken some broad economic reforms in a long-term effort to improve living standards. Amman in the past three years has worked closely with the IMF, practiced careful monetary policy, and made substantial headway with privatization. The government also has liberalized the trade regime sufficiently to secure Jordan's membership in the WTO (2000), a free trade accord with the US (2001), and an association agreement with the EU (2001). These measures have helped improve productivity and have put Jordan on the foreign investment map. Jordan imported most of its oil from Iraq, but the US-led war in Iraq in 2003 made Jordan more dependent on oil from other Gulf nations forcing the Jordanian government to raise retail petroleum product prices and the sales tax base. Jordan's export market, which is heavily dependent on exports to Iraq, was also affected by the war but recovered quickly while contributing to the Iraq recovery effort. The main challenges facing Jordan are reducing dependence on foreign grants, reducing the budget deficit, and creating investment incentives to promote job creation.
Juan de Nova Island Up to 12,000 tons of guano are mined per year.
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, the largest of the former Soviet republics in territory, excluding Russia, possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a growing machine-building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some defense items. The breakup of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse in demand for Kazakhstan's traditional heavy industry products resulted in a short-term contraction of the economy, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. In 1995-97, the pace of the government program of economic reform and privatization quickened, resulting in a substantial shifting of assets into the private sector. Kazakhstan enjoyed double-digit growth in 2000-01 - and a solid 9.5% in 2002 - thanks largely to its booming energy sector, but also to economic reform, good harvests, and foreign investment. Growth remained at the high 9% level in 2003 and 2004. The opening of the Caspian Consortium pipeline in 2001, from western Kazakhstan's Tengiz oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially raised export capacity. The country has embarked upon an industrial policy designed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the oil sector, by developing light industry. Additionally, the policy aims to reduce the influence of foreign investment and foreign personnel; the government has engaged in several disputes with foreign oil companies over the terms of production agreements, and tensions continue.
Kenya The regional hub for trade and finance in East Africa, Kenya has been hampered by corruption and by reliance upon several primary goods whose prices have remained low. In 1997, the IMF suspended Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program due to the government's failure to maintain reforms and curb corruption. A severe drought from 1999 to 2000 compounded Kenya's problems, causing water and energy rationing and reducing agricultural output. As a result, GDP contracted by 0.2% in 2000. The IMF, which had resumed loans in 2000 to help Kenya through the drought, again halted lending in 2001 when the government failed to institute several anticorruption measures. Despite the return of strong rains in 2001, weak commodity prices, endemic corruption, and low investment limited Kenya's economic growth to 1.2%. Growth lagged at 1.1% in 2002 because of erratic rains, low investor confidence, meager donor support, and political infighting up to the elections. In the key 27 December 2002 elections, Daniel Arap MOI's 24-year-old reign ended, and a new opposition government took on the formidable economic problems facing the nation. In 2003, progress was made in rooting out corruption and encouraging donor support, with GDP growth edging up to 1.7%. GDP grew a moderate 2.2% in 2004.
Kingman Reef no economic activity
Kiribati A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. The financial sector is at an early stage of development as is the expansion of private sector initiatives. Foreign financial aid from UK, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and China equals 25%-50% of GDP. Remittances from workers abroad account for more than $5 million each year.
Korea, North North Korea, one of the world's most centrally planned and isolated economies, faces desperate economic conditions. Industrial capital stock is nearly beyond repair as a result of years of underinvestment and spare parts shortages. Industrial and power output have declined in parallel. The nation has suffered its eleventh year of food shortages because of a lack of arable land, collective farming, weather-related problems, and chronic shortages of fertilizer and fuel. Massive international food aid deliveries have allowed the regime to escape mass starvation since 1995, but the population remains the victim of prolonged malnutrition and deteriorating living conditions. Large-scale military spending eats up resources needed for investment and civilian consumption. In July 2002, the government took limited steps toward a freer market economy. In 2004, heightened political tensions with key donor countries and general donor fatigue threatened the flow of desperately needed food aid and fuel aid. Black market prices have continued to rise following the increase in official prices and wages in the summer of 2002, leaving some vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and unemployed, less able to buy goods. In 2004, the regime allowed private markets to sell a wider range of goods and permitted private farming on an experimental basis in an effort to boost agricultural output. Firm political control remains the Communist government's overriding concern, which will constrain any further loosening of economic regulations.
Korea, South Since the early 1960s, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of growth and integration into the high-tech modern world economy. Four decades ago GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. In 2004, it joined the trillion dollar club of world economies. Today its GDP per capita is 14 times North Korea's and equal to the lesser economies of the European Union. This success through the late 1980s was achieved by a system of close government/business ties, including directed credit, import restrictions, sponsorship of specific industries, and a strong labor effort. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-99 exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model, including high debt/equity ratios, massive foreign borrowing, and an undisciplined financial sector. Growth plunged to a negative 6.9% in 1998, then strongly recovered to 9.5% in 1999 and 8.5% in 2000. Growth fell back to 3.3% in 2001 because of the slowing global economy, falling exports, and the perception that much-needed corporate and financial reforms had stalled. Led by consumer spending and exports, growth in 2002 was an impressive 7.0%, despite anemic global growth. Economic growth fell to 3.1% in 2003 because of a downturn in consumer spending and recovered to an estimated 4.6% in 2004 on the strength of rapid export growth. The government plans to boost infrastructure spending in 2005. Moderate inflation, low unemployment, an export surplus, and fairly equal distribution of income characterize this solid economy.
Kuwait Kuwait is a small, rich, relatively open economy with proved crude oil reserves of about 96 billion barrels - 10% of world reserves. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP, 95% of export revenues, and 80% of government income. Kuwait's climate limits agricultural development. Consequently, with the exception of fish, it depends almost wholly on food imports. About 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported. Kuwait continues its discussions with foreign oil companies to develop fields in the northern part of the country.
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan is a poor, mountainous country with a predominantly agricultural economy. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, and natural gas and electricity. Kyrgyzstan has been fairly progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first CIS country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. With fits and starts, inflation has been lowered to an estimated 7% in 2001, 2.1% in 2002, 4% in 2003, and 3.2% in 2004. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995 production began to recover and exports began to increase. Kyrgyzstan has distinguished itself by adopting relatively liberal economic policies. The drop in output at the Kumtor gold mine sparked a 0.5% decline in GDP in 2002, but GDP growth bounced back to 6% in 2003 and 2004. The government has made steady strides in controlling its substantial fiscal deficit and aims to reduce the deficit to 3% of GDP in 2004. The government and the international financial institutions have been engaged in a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy. Further restructuring of domestic industry and success in attracting foreign investment are keys to future growth.
Laos The government of Laos - one of the few remaining official Communist states - began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. The results, starting from an extremely low base, were striking - growth averaged 6% in 1988-2004 except during the short-lived drop caused by the Asian financial crisis beginning in 1997. Despite this high growth rate, Laos remains a country with a primitive infrastructure; it has no railroads, a rudimentary road system, and limited external and internal telecommunications. The government has sponsored major improvements in the road system. Electricity is available in only a few urban areas. Subsistence agriculture accounts for half of GDP and provides 80% of total employment. The economy will continue to benefit from aid from the IMF and other international sources and from new foreign investment in food processing and mining. In late 2004, Laos gained Normal Trade Relations status with the US, allowing Laos-based producers to face lower tariffs on their exports; this may help spur growth.
Latvia Latvia's transitional economy recovered from the 1998 Russian financial crisis, largely due to the government's budget stringency and a gradual reorientation of exports toward EU countries, lessening Latvia's trade dependency on Russia. The majority of companies, banks, and real estate have been privatized, although the state still holds sizable stakes in a few large enterprises. Latvia officially joined the World Trade Organization in February 1999. EU membership, a top foreign policy goal, came in May 2004. The current account and internal government deficits remain major concerns, but the government's efforts to increase efficiency in revenue collection may lessen the budget deficit. A growing perception that many of Latvia's banks facilitate illicit activity could damage the country's vibrant financial sector.
Lebanon The 1975-91 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. In the years since, Lebanon has rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure by borrowing heavily - mostly from domestic banks. In an attempt to reduce the ballooning national debt, the HARIRI government began an austerity program, reining in government expenditures, increasing revenue collection, and privatizing state enterprises. In November 2002, the government met with international donors at the Paris II conference to seek bilateral assistance in restructuring its massive domestic debt at lower rates of interest. Substantial receipts from donor nations stabilized government finances in 2003, but did little to reduce the debt, which stood at nearly 180% of GDP. In 2004 the HARIRI government issued Eurobonds in an effort to manage maturing debt, and the KARAMI government has continued this practice. However, privatization of state-owned enterprises had not occurred by the end of 2004, as promised during the Paris II conference.
Lesotho Small, landlocked, and mountainous, Lesotho relies on remittances from miners employed in South Africa and customs duties from the Southern Africa Customs Union for the majority of government revenue, but the government has strengthened its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties. Completion of a major hydropower facility in January 1998 now permits the sale of water to South Africa, also generating royalties for Lesotho. As the number of mineworkers has declined steadily over the past several years, a small manufacturing base has developed based on farm products that support the milling, canning, leather, and jute industries and a rapidly growing apparel-assembly sector. The garment industry has grown significantly, mainly due to Lesotho qualifying for the trade benefits contained in the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act. The economy is still primarily based on subsistence agriculture, especially livestock, although drought has decreased agricultural activity. The extreme inequality in the distribution of income remains a major drawback. Lesotho has signed an Interim Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF.
Liberia Civil war and government mismanagement have destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around Monrovia, while continued international sanctions on diamonds and timber exports will limit growth prospects for the foreseeable future. Many businessmen have fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them. Some have returned, but many will not. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products - primarily raw timber and rubber. Local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. The departure of the former president, Charles TAYLOR, to Nigeria in August 2003, the establishment of the all-inclusive Transitional Government, and the arrival of a UN mission are all necessary for the eventual end of the political crisis, but thus far have done little to encourage economic development. The reconstruction of infrastructure and the raising of incomes in this ravaged economy will largely depend on generous financial support and technical assistance from donor countries.
Libya The Libyan economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Libyan officials in the past four years have made progress on economic reforms as part of a broader campaign to reintegrate the country into the international fold. This effort picked up steam after UN sanctions were lifted in September 2003 and as Libya announced in December 2003 that it would abandon programs to build weapons of mass destruction. Almost all US unilateral sanctions against Libya were removed in April 2004. Libya faces a long road ahead in liberalizing the socialist-oriented economy, but initial steps - including applying for WTO membership, reducing some subsidies, and announcing plans for privatization - are laying the groundwork for a transition to a more market-based economy. The non-oil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food.
Liechtenstein Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.
Lithuania Lithuania, the Baltic state that has conducted the most trade with Russia, has slowly rebounded from the 1998 Russian financial crisis. Unemployment dropped from 11% in 2003 to 8% in 2004. Growing domestic consumption and increased investment have furthered recovery. Trade has been increasingly oriented toward the West. Lithuania has gained membership in the World Trade Organization and joined the EU in May 2004. Privatization of the large, state-owned utilities, particularly in the energy sector, is nearing completion. Overall, more than 80% of enterprises have been privatized. Foreign government and business support have helped in the transition from the old command economy to a market economy.
Luxembourg This stable, high-income economy - in between France, Belgium, and Germany - features solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 22% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign-owned and have extensive foreign dealings. Agriculture is based on small family-owned farms. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for more than 30% of its labor force. Although Luxembourg, like all EU members, has suffered from the global economic slump, the country enjoys an extraordinarily high standard of living.
Macau Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. Apparel exports and tourism are mainstays of the economy. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002 and 15.6% in 2003. During the first three quarters of 2004, Macau registered year-on-year GDP increases of more than 20 percent. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel, increased public works expenditures, and significant investment inflows associated with the liberalization of Macau's gaming industry drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory, which will boost GDP growth. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. Two new casinos were opened by new foreign gambling licensees in 2004; development of new infrastructure and facilities in preparation for Macau's hosting of the 2005 East Asian Games will bolster the construction sector. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland, and the range of products covered by CEPA was to be expanded on 1 January 2005.
Macedonia At independence in September 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on the down-sized Yugoslavia, one of its largest markets, and a Greek economic embargo over a dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP subsequently rose each year through 2000. However, the leadership's commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank 4.5% because of decreased trade, intermittent border closures, increased deficit spending on security needs, and investor uncertainty. Growth barely recovered in 2002 to 0.9%, then rose by a moderate 3.4% in 2003, and is estimated at 1.3% in 2004. Unemployment at one-third of the workforce remains a critical economic problem. Much of the extensive grey market activity falls outside official statistics.
Madagascar Having discarded past socialist economic policies, Madagascar has since the mid 1990s followed a World Bank and IMF led policy of privatization and liberalization. This strategy has placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low level. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing 80% of the population. Exports of apparel have boomed in recent years primarily due to duty-free access to the United States. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel are serious concerns. President RAVALOMANANA has worked aggressively to revive the economy following the 2002 political crisis, which triggered a 12% drop in GDP that year. Poverty reduction and combating corruption will be the centerpieces of economic policy for the next few years.
Malawi Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounted for nearly 40% of GDP and 88% of export revenues in 2001. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for over 50% of exports. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, including developing a market economy, improving educational facilities, facing up to environmental problems, dealing with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS, and satisfying foreign donors that fiscal discipline is being tightened. In 2005, the anticorruption campaign championed by President MUTHARIKA may help encourage investment and economic growth.
Malaysia Malaysia, a middle-income country, transformed itself from 1971 through the late 1990's from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector economy. Growth was almost exclusively driven by exports - particularly of electronics. As a result, Malaysia was hard hit by the global economic downturn and the slump in the information technology (IT) sector in 2001 and 2002. GDP in 2001 grew only 0.5% due to an estimated 11% contraction in exports, but a substantial fiscal stimulus package equal to US $1.9 billion mitigated the worst of the recession and the economy rebounded in 2002 with a 4.1% increase. The economy grew 4.9% in 2003, notwithstanding a difficult first half, when external pressures from SARS and the Iraq War led to caution in the business community. Growth topped 7% in 2004. Healthy foreign exchange reserves, low inflation, and a small external debt are all strengths that make it unlikely that Malaysia will experience a financial crisis similar to the one in 1997. The economy remains dependent on continued growth in the US, China, and Japan, top export destinations and key sources of foreign investment.
Maldives Tourism, Maldives' largest industry, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Fishing is a second leading sector. The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a lesser role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. Industry, which consists mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts, accounts for about 18% of GDP. Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is one meter or less above sea level. In late December 2004, a major tsunami left more than 100 dead, 12,000 displaced, and property damage exceeding $300 million.
Mali Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert and with a highly unequal distribution of income. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export, along with gold. The government has continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a sturdy 5% average in 1996-2004. Worker remittances and external trade routes have been jeopardized by continued unrest in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire.
Malta Major resources are limestone, a favorable geographic location, and a productive labor force. Malta produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has no domestic energy sources. The economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing (especially electronics and textiles), and tourism. Continued sluggishness in the European economy is holding back exports, tourism, and overall growth.
Man, Isle of Offshore banking, manufacturing, and tourism are key sectors of the economy. The government's policy of offering incentives to high-technology companies and financial institutions to locate on the island has paid off in expanding employment opportunities in high-income industries. As a result, agriculture and fishing, once the mainstays of the economy, have declined in their shares of GDP. Trade is mostly with the UK. The Isle of Man enjoys free access to EU markets.
Marshall Islands US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production, primarily subsistence, is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the US will provide millions of dollars per year to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2023, at which time a Trust Fund made up of US and RMI contributions will begin perpetual annual payouts. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties, and less income from the renewal of fishing vessel licenses have held GDP growth to an average of 1% over the past decade.
Martinique The economy is based on sugarcane, bananas, tourism, and light industry. Agriculture accounts for about 6% of GDP and the small industrial sector for 11%. Sugar production has declined, with most of the sugarcane now used for the production of rum. Banana exports are increasing, going mostly to France. The bulk of meat, vegetable, and grain requirements must be imported, contributing to a chronic trade deficit that requires large annual transfers of aid from France. Tourism, which employs more than 11,000 people, has become more important than agricultural exports as a source of foreign exchange.
Mauritania Half the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though many of the nomads and subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits of iron ore, which account for nearly 40% of total exports. The decline in world demand for this ore, however, has led to cutbacks in production. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. The country's first deepwater port opened near Nouakchott in 1986. In the past, drought and economic mismanagement resulted in a buildup of foreign debt. In February 2000, Mauritania qualified for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative and in December 2001 received strong support from donor and lending countries at a triennial Consultative Group review. In 2001, exploratory oil wells in tracts 80 km offshore indicated potential extraction at current world oil prices. A new investment code approved in December 2001 improved the opportunities for direct foreign investment. Ongoing negotiations with the IMF involve problems of economic reforms and fiscal discipline. Substantial oil production and exports probably will not begin until 2006. Meantime the government emphasizes reduction of poverty, improvement of health and education, and promoting privatization of the economy.
Mauritius Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on expanding local financial institutions and building a domestic information telecommunications industry. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
Mayotte Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance, an important supplement to GDP. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism.
Mexico Mexico has a free market economy that recently entered the trillion dollar class. It contains a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Recent administrations have expanded competition in seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, natural gas distribution, and airports. Per capita income is one-fourth that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal. Trade with the US and Canada has tripled since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994. Mexico has 12 free trade agreements with over 40 countries including, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, the European Free Trade Area, and Japan, putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. The government is cognizant of the need to upgrade infrastructure, modernize the tax system and labor laws, and provide incentives to invest in the energy sector, but progress is slow.
Micronesia, Federated States of Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remote location, a lack of adequate facilities, and limited air connections hinder development. The Amended Compact of Free Association with the US guarantees the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) millions of dollars in annual aid through 2023, and establishes a Trust Fund into which the US and the FSM make annual contributions in order to provide annual payouts to the FSM in perpetuity after 2023. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile due not only to the reduction in US assistance but also to the slow growth of the private sector. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure remain major impediments to long-term growth.
Midway Islands The economy is based on providing support services for the national wildlife refuge activities located on the islands. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
Moldova Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe despite recent progress from its small economic base. It enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import almost all of its energy supplies from Russia. Energy shortages contributed to sharp production declines after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991. As part of an ambitious reform effort after independence, Moldova introduced a convertible currency, freed prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises, backed steady land privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. The government entered into agreements with the World Bank and the IMF to promote growth and reduce poverty. The economy returned to positive growth of 2.1% in 2000, 6.1% in 2001, 7.2% in 2002, 6.3% in 2003, and 6.8% in 2004. Further reforms will come slowly because of strong political forces backing government controls. The economy remains vulnerable to higher fuel prices, poor agricultural weather, and the skepticism of foreign investors.
Monaco Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.
Mongolia Economic activity in Mongolia has traditionally been based on herding and agriculture. Mongolia has extensive mineral deposits; copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession due to political inaction and natural disasters, as well as economic growth due to reform embracing free-market economics and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. Severe winters and summer droughts in 2000, 2001, and 2002 resulted in massive livestock die-off and zero or negative GDP growth. This was compounded by falling prices for Mongolia's primary sector exports and widespread opposition to privatization. Growth improved from 2002 at 4% to 2003 at 5%, due largely to high copper prices and new gold production, with the government claiming a 10.6% growth rate for 2004 that is unconfirmed. Mongolia's economy continues to be heavily impacted by its neighbors. For example, Mongolia purchases 80% of its petroleum products and a substantial amount of electric power from Russia, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. China is Mongolia's chief export partner and a main source of the "shadow" or "grey" economy. The World Bank and other international financial institutions estimate the grey economy to be at least equal to that of the official economy. The actual size of this grey - largely cash - economy is difficult to calculate since the money does not pass through the hands of tax authorities or the banking sector. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad both legally and illegally constitute a sizeable portion. Money laundering is growing as an accompanying concern. Mongolia settled its $11 billion debt with Russia at the end of 2003 on very favorable terms. Mongolia, which joined the World Trade Organization in 1997, seeks to expand its participation and integration into Asian regional economic and trade regimes.
Montserrat Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK has launched a three-year $122.8 million aid program to help reconstruct the economy. Half of the island is expected to remain uninhabitable for another decade.
Morocco Morocco faces problems typical for developing countries: restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and achieving sustainable growth. Despite structural adjustment programs supported by the IMF, the World Bank, and the Paris Club, the dirham is only fully convertible for current account transactions. In 2004 Moroccan authorities instituted measures to boost foreign direct investment and trade by signing a free trade agreement with the US and selling government shares in the state telecommunications company and in the largest state-owned bank. Favorable rainfall over the past two years has boosted agricultural output and GDP growth passed 4% in 2004. In 2005 the budget deficit is expected to rise sharply - from 1.9% of GDP in 2004 - because of substantial increases in wages and oil subsidies. Long-term challenges include preparing the economy for freer trade with the US and European Union, improving education and job prospects for Morocco's youth, and raising living standards.
Mozambique At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Inflation was reduced to single digits during the late 1990s although it returned to double digits in 2000-03. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists although the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project to date has increased export earnings. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction and processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level.
Namibia The economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for 20% of GDP. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia is the fourth-largest exporter of nonfuel minerals in Africa, the world's fifth-largest producer of uranium, and the producer of large quantities of lead, zinc, tin, silver, and tungsten. The mining sector employs only about 3% of the population while about half of the population depends on subsistence agriculture for its livelihood. Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years food shortages are a major problem in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, hides the great inequality of income distribution; nearly one-third of Namibians had annual incomes of less than $1,400 in constant 1994 dollars, according to a 1993 study. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged to the South African rand. Privatization of several enterprises in coming years may stimulate long-run foreign investment. Mining of zinc, copper, and silver and increased fish production led growth in 2003-04.
Nauru Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are now depleted. Few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faces virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has called for a freeze on wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. In 2004 the deterioration in housing, hospitals, and other capital plant continued, and the cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat has substantially mounted. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely.
Navassa Island subsistence fishing and commercial trawling activities within refuge waters
Nepal Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world with 40% of its population living below the poverty line. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for over 80% of the population and accounting for 40% of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural produce including jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. Security concerns in the wake of the Maoist conflict have led to a decrease in tourism, a key source of foreign exchange. Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower and tourism, areas of recent foreign investment interest. Prospects for foreign trade or investment in other sectors will remain poor, however, because of the small size of the economy, its technological backwardness, its remoteness, its landlocked geographic location, its civil strife, and its susceptibility to natural disaster.
Netherlands The Netherlands has a prosperous and open economy, which depends heavily on foreign trade. The economy is noted for stable industrial relations, moderate unemployment and inflation, a sizable current account surplus, and an important role as a European transportation hub. Industrial activity is predominantly in food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. A highly mechanized agricultural sector employs no more than 4% of the labor force but provides large surpluses for the food-processing industry and for exports. The Netherlands, along with 11 of its EU partners, began circulating the euro currency on 1 January 2002. The country continues to be one of the leading European nations for attracting foreign direct investment. Economic growth slowed considerably in 2001-04, as part of the global economic slowdown, but for the four years before that, annual growth averaged nearly 4%, well above the EU average.
Netherlands Antilles Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP has declined or grown slightly in each of the past eight years, the islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared with other countries in the region. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, the US and Mexico being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture. Budgetary problems hamper reform of the health and pension systems of an aging population.
New Caledonia New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than one-fourth of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the economic outlook for the next several years.
New Zealand Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Per capita income has risen for six consecutive years and is now more than $23,000 in purchasing power parity terms. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth. Exports are equal to about 20% of GDP. Thus far the economy has been resilient, and the Labor Government promises that expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately to output.
Nicaragua Nicaragua, one of the hemisphere's poorest countries, faces low per capita income, massive unemployment, and huge external debt. Distribution of income is one of the most unequal on the globe. While the country has made progress toward macroeconomic stability over the past few years, GDP annual growth has been far too low to meet the country's needs. As a result of successful performance under its International Monetary Fund policy program and other efforts, Nicaragua qualified in early 2004 for some $4 billion in foreign debt reduction under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Even after this reduction, however, the government continues to bear a significant foreign and domestic debt burden. If ratified, the US-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) will provide an opportunity for Nicaragua to attract investment, create jobs, and deepen economic development. While President BOLANOS enjoys the support of the international financial bodies, his internal political base is meager.
Niger Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world, a landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Drought cycles, desertification, a 3.3% population growth rate, and the drop in world demand for uranium have undercut the economy. Niger shares a common currency, the CFA franc, and a common central bank, the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), with seven other members of the West African Monetary Union. In December 2000, Niger qualified for enhanced debt relief under the International Monetary Fund program for Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and concluded an agreement with the Fund on a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Debt relief provided under the enhanced HIPC initiative significantly reduces Niger's annual debt service obligations, freeing funds for expenditures on basic health care, primary education, HIV/AIDS prevention, rural infrastructure, and other programs geared at poverty reduction. Nearly half of the government's budget is derived from foreign donor resources. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources.
Nigeria Oil-rich Nigeria, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic management, is undertaking some reforms under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth - Nigeria is Africa's most populous country - and the country, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris Club. In the last year the government has begun showing the political will to implement the market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as to modernize the banking system, to curb inflation by blocking excessive wage demands, and to resolve regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry. During 2003 the government began deregulating fuel prices, announced the privatization of the country's four oil refineries, and instituted the National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy, a domestically designed and run program modeled on the IMF's Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility for fiscal and monetary management. GDP rose strongly in 2004.
Niue The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although former Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. Niue suffered a devastating hurricane in January 2004, which decimated nascent economic programs. While in the process of rebuilding, Niue has been dependent on foreign aid.
Norfolk Island Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.
Northern Mariana Islands The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government revenues have grown. The key tourist industry employs about 50% of the work force and accounts for roughly one-fourth of GDP. Japanese tourists predominate. Annual tourist entries have exceeded one-half million in recent years, but financial difficulties in Japan have caused a temporary slowdown. The agricultural sector is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Garment production is by far the most important industry with employment of 17,500 mostly Chinese workers and sizable shipments to the US under duty and quota exemptions.
Norway The Norwegian economy is a prosperous bastion of welfare capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises). The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil production and international oil prices, with oil and gas accounting for one-third of exports. Only Saudi Arabia and Russia export more oil than Norway. Norway opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994; nonetheless, it contributes sizably to the EU budget. The government has moved ahead with privatization. With arguably the highest quality of life worldwide, Norwegians still worry about that time in the next two decades when the oil and gas will begin to run out. Accordingly, Norway has been saving its oil-boosted budget surpluses in a Government Petroleum Fund, which is invested abroad and now is valued at more than $150 billion. After lackluster growth of 1% in 2002 and 0.5% in 2003, GDP growth picked up to 3.3% in 2004.
Oman Oman is a middle-income economy in the Middle East with notable oil and gas resources, a substantial trade surplus, and low inflation. The government is privatizing its utilities and diversifying its economy to attract foreign investment. Oman continues to liberalize its markets and joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in November 2000. To reduce unemployment and limit dependence on foreign countries, the government is encouraging the replacement of expatriate workers with local people, i.e., Omanization. Training in information technology, business management, and English support this objective. Industrial development plans focus on gas resources, metal manufacturing, petrochemicals, and international transshipment ports.
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is a major contributor to the world economy and particularly to those nations its waters directly touch. It provides low-cost sea transportation between East and West, extensive fishing grounds, offshore oil and gas fields, minerals, and sand and gravel for the construction industry. In 1996, over 60% of the world's fish catch came from the Pacific Ocean. Exploitation of offshore oil and gas reserves is playing an ever-increasing role in the energy supplies of the US, Australia, NZ, China, and Peru. The high cost of recovering offshore oil and gas, combined with the wide swings in world prices for oil since 1985, has led to fluctuations in new drillings.
Pakistan Pakistan, an impoverished and underdeveloped country, has suffered from decades of internal political disputes, low levels of foreign investment, and a costly, ongoing confrontation with neighboring India. However, IMF-approved government policies, bolstered by generous foreign assistance and renewed access to global markets since 2001, have generated solid macroeconomic recovery the last three years. The government has made substantial macroeconomic reforms since 2000, although progress on more politically sensitive reforms has slowed. For example, in the third and final year of its $1.3 billion IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, Islamabad has continued to require waivers for energy sector reforms. While long-term prospects remain uncertain, given Pakistan's low level of development, medium-term prospects for job creation and poverty reduction are the best in nearly a decade. Islamabad has raised development spending from about 2% of GDP in the 1990s to 4% in 2003, a necessary step towards reversing the broad underdevelopment of its social sector. GDP growth, spurred by double-digit gains in industrial production over the past year, has become less dependent on agriculture. Foreign exchange reserves continued to reach new levels in 2004, supported by robust export growth and steady worker remittances.
Palau The economy consists primarily of tourism, subsistence agriculture, and fishing. The government is the major employer of the work force, relying heavily on financial assistance from the US. Business and tourist arrivals numbered 63,000 in 2003. The population enjoys a per capita income twice that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. Long-run prospects for the key tourist sector have been greatly bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific, the rising prosperity of leading East Asian countries, and the willingness of foreigners to finance infrastructure development.
Palmyra Atoll no economic activity
Panama Panama's dollarised economy rests primarily on a well-developed services sector that accounts for four-fifths of GDP. Services include operating the Panama Canal, banking, the Colon Free Zone, insurance, container ports, flagship registry, and tourism. A slump in Colon Free Zone and agricultural exports, the global slowdown, and the withdrawal of US military forces held back economic growth in 2000-03; growth picked up in 2004 led by export-oriented services and a construction boom stimulated by tax incentives. The government has been backing tax reforms, reform of the social security program, new regional trade agreements, and development of tourism. Unemployment remains high.
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mineral deposits, including oil, copper, and gold, account for 72% of export earnings. The economy has improved over the past two years, following a prolonged period of instability. Former Prime Minister Mekere MORAUTA had tried to restore integrity to state institutions, to stabilize the kina, restore stability to the national budget, to privatize public enterprises where appropriate, and to ensure ongoing peace on Bougainville. Australia annually supplies $240 million in aid, which accounts for 20% of the national budget. Challenges face Prime Minister Michael SOMARE, including gaining further investor confidence, continuing efforts to privatize government assets, maintaining the support of members of Parliament, and balancing relations with Australia, the former colonial ruler.
Paracel Islands China announced plans in 1997 to open the islands for tourism.
Paraguay Landlocked Paraguay has a market economy marked by a large informal sector. This sector features both reexport of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain. A large percentage of the population derives their living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. The formal economy grew by an average of about 3% annually in 1995-97, but averaged near-zero growth in 1998-2001 and contracted by 2.3 percent in 2002, in response to regional contagion and an outbreak of hoof-and-mouth desease. On a per capita basis, real income has stagnated at 1980 levels. Most observers attribute Paraguay's poor economic performance to political uncertainty, corruption, lack of progress on structural reform, substantial internal and external debt, and deficient infrastructure. Aided by a firmer exchange rate and perhaps a greater confidence in the economic policy of the Duarte FRUTOS administration, the economy rebounded in 2003 and 2004, posting modest growth each year.
Peru Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. Abundant mineral resources are found in the mountainous areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. However, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and a lack of infrastructure deters trade and investment. After several years of inconsistent economic performance, the Peruvian economy grew by an average 4 percent per year during the period 2002-2004, with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. Risk premiums on Peruvian bonds on secondary markets reached historically low levels in late 2004, reflecting investor optimism regarding the government's prudent fiscal policies and openness to trade and investment. Despite the strong macroeconomic performance, the TOLEDO administration remained unpopular in 2004, and unemployment and poverty have stayed persistently high.
Philippines The Philippines was less severely affected by the Asian financial crisis of 1998 than its neighbors, aided in part by annual remittances of $7-8 billion from overseas workers and no sustained runup in asset prices or foreign borrowing prior to the crisis. From a 0.6% decline in 1998, GDP expanded by 2.4% in 1999, and 4.4% in 2000, but slowed to 3.2% in 2001 in the context of a global economic slowdown, an export slump, and political and security concerns. GDP growth accelerated to 4.3% in 2002, 4.7% in 2003, and about 6% in 2004, reflecting the continued resilience of the service sector, and improved exports and agricultural output. Nonetheless, it will take a higher, sustained growth path to make appreciable progress in poverty alleviation given the Philippines' high annual population growth rate and unequal distribution of income. The Philippines also faces higher oil prices, higher interest rates on its dollar borrowings, and higher inflation. Fiscal constraints limit Manila's ability to finance infrastructure and social spending. The Philippines' consistently large budget deficit has produced a high debt level and has forced Manila to spend a large portion of the national government budget on debt service. Large, unprofitable public enterprises, especially in the energy sector, contribute to the government's debt because of slow progress on privatization. Credit rating agencies are increasingly concerned about the Philippines' ability to sustain the debt; legislative progress on new revenue measures will weigh heavily on credit rating decisions.
Pitcairn Islands The inhabitants of this tiny isolated economy exist on fishing, subsistence farming, handicrafts, and postage stamps. The fertile soil of the valleys produces a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams, and beans. Bartering is an important part of the economy. The major sources of revenue are the sale of postage stamps to collectors and the sale of handicrafts to passing ships. In October 2004, more than one-quarter of Pitcairn's labor force was arrested, putting the economy in a bind, since their services were required as lighter crew to load or unload passing ships.
Poland Poland has steadfastly pursued a policy of economic liberalization throughout the 1990s and today stands out as a success story among transition economies. Even so, much remains to be done, especially in bringing down unemployment. The privatization of small and medium-sized state-owned companies and a liberal law on establishing new firms has encouraged the development of the private business sector, but legal and bureaucratic obstacles alongside persistent corruption are hampering its further development. Poland's agricultural sector remains handicapped by surplus labor, inefficient small farms, and lack of investment. Restructuring and privatization of "sensitive sectors" (e.g., coal, steel, railroads, and energy), while recently initiated, have stalled. Reforms in health care, education, the pension system, and state administration have resulted in larger-than-expected fiscal pressures. Further progress in public finance depends mainly on reducing losses in Polish state enterprises, restraining entitlements, and overhauling the tax code to incorporate the growing gray economy and farmers, most of whom pay no tax. The government has introduced a package of social and administrative spending cuts to reduce public spending by about $17 billion through 2007. Additional reductions are under discussion in the legislature but could be trumped by election-year politics in 2005. Poland joined the EU in May 2004, and surging exports to the EU contributed to Poland's strong growth in 2004, though its competitiveness could be threatened by the zloty's appreciation. GDP per capita roughly equals that of the three Baltic states. Poland stands to benefit from nearly $13.5 billion in EU funds, available through 2006. Farmers have already begun to reap the rewards of membership via higher food prices and EU agricultural subsidies.
Portugal Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth had been above the EU average for much of the past decade, but fell back in 2001-04. GDP per capita stands at two-thirds that of the Big Four EU economies. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness while keeping the budget deficit within the eurozone's 3%-of-GDP ceiling.
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. A diverse industrial sector has far surpassed agriculture as the primary locus of economic activity and income. Encouraged by duty-free access to the US and by tax incentives, US firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US minimum wage laws apply. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production and other livestock products as the main source of income in the agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income, with estimated arrivals of nearly 5 million tourists in 1999. Growth fell off in 2001-03, largely due to the slowdown in the US economy, and has recovered in 2004.
Qatar Oil and gas account for more than 55% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have given Qatar a per capita GDP about 80% of that of the leading West European industrial countries. Proved oil reserves of 16 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 14 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total and third largest in the world. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore natural gas reserves to offset the ultimate decline in oil production. In recent years, Qatar has consistently posted trade surpluses largely because of high oil prices and increased natural gas exports, becoming one of the world's fastest growing and highest per-capita income countries.
Reunion The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Romania Romania began the transition from Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets. Despite the global slowdown in 2001-02, strong domestic activity in construction, agriculture, and consumption have kept growth above 4%. An IMF standby agreement, signed in 2001, has been accompanied by slow but palpable gains in privatization, deficit reduction, and the curbing of inflation. The IMF Board approved Romania's completion of the standby agreement in October 2003, the first time Romania has successfully concluded an IMF agreement since the 1989 revolution. In July 2004, the executive board of the IMF approved a 24-month standby agreement for $367 million. The Romanian authorities do not intend to draw on this agreement, however, viewing it simply as a precaution. Meanwhile, recent macroeconomic gains have done little to address Romania's widespread poverty, while corruption and red tape continue to handicap the business environment.
Russia Russia ended 2004 with its sixth straight year of growth, averaging 6.5% annually since the financial crisis of 1998. Although high oil prices and a relatively cheap ruble are important drivers of this economic rebound, since 2000 investment and consumer-driven demand have played a noticeably increasing role. Real fixed capital investments have averaged gains greater than 10% over the last five years, and real personal incomes have realized average increases over 12%. Russia has also improved its international financial position since the 1998 financial crisis, with its foreign debt declining from 90% of GDP to around 28%. Strong oil export earnings have allowed Russia to increase its foreign reserves from only $12 billion to some $120 billion at yearend 2004. These achievements, along with a renewed government effort to advance structural reforms, have raised business and investor confidence in Russia's economic prospects. Nevertheless, serious problems persist. Economic growth slowed down in the second half of 2004 and the Russian government forecasts growth of only 4.5% to 6.2% for 2005. Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80% of exports, leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world prices. Russia's manufacturing base is dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized if the country is to achieve broad-based economic growth. Other problems include a weak banking system, a poor business climate that discourages both domestic and foreign investors, corruption, and widespread lack of trust in institutions. In addition, a string of investigations launched against a major Russian oil company, culminating with the arrest of its CEO in the fall of 2003, have raised concerns by some observers that President PUTIN is granting more influence to forces within his government that desire to reassert state control over the economy.
Rwanda Rwanda is a poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture. It is the most densely populated country in Africa; landlocked with few natural resources and minimal industry. Primary foreign exchange earners are coffee and tea. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and eroded the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy to pre-1994 levels, although poverty levels are higher now. GDP has rebounded and inflation has been curbed. Export earnings, however, have been hindered by low beverage prices, depriving the country of much needed hard currency. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with population growth, requiring food imports. Rwanda continues to receive substantial aid money and was approved for IMF-World Bank Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative debt relief in late 2000. Kigali's high defense expenditures have caused tension between the government and international donors and lending agencies. An energy shortage and instability in neighboring states may slow growth in 2005, while the lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continues to handicap export growth.
Saint Helena The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Saint Kitts and Nevis Sugar was the traditional mainstay of the Saint Kitts economy until the 1970s. Although the crop still dominates the agricultural sector, activities such as tourism, export-oriented manufacturing, and offshore banking have assumed larger roles in the economy. Tourism revenues are now the chief source of the islands' foreign exchange. The opening of a 470-room resort in February 2003 was expected to bring in much-needed revenue.
Saint Lucia Changes in the EU import preference regime and the increased competition from Latin American bananas have made economic diversification increasingly important in Saint Lucia. The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area, and the government is trying to revitalize the banana industry. Economic fundamentals remain solid, even though unemployment needs to be cut.
Saint Pierre and Miquelon The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Economic growth in this lower-middle-income country hinges upon seasonal variations in the agricultural and tourism sectors. Tropical storms wiped out substantial portions of crops in 1994, 1995, and 2002, and tourism in the Eastern Caribbean has suffered low arrivals following 11 September 2001. Saint Vincent is home to a small offshore banking sector and has moved to adopt international regulatory standards. Saint Vincent is also a large producer of marijuana and is being used as a transshipment point for illegal narcotics from South America.
Samoa The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, agriculture, and fishing. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, and copra. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. The decline of fish stocks in the area is a continuing problem. Tourism is an expanding sector, accounting for 25% of GDP; about 88,000 tourists visited the islands in 2001. One factory in the Foreign Trade Zone employs 3,000 people to make automobile electrical harnesses for an assembly plant in Australia. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, meantime protecting the environment. Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a basic strength for future economic advances. Foreign reserves are in a relatively healthy state, the external debt is stable, and inflation is low.
San Marino The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Sao Tome and Principe This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program, but lacking a formal poverty reduction program with the IMF, it has not benefited from subsequent HIPC debt reductions. Sao Tome's external debt stands at over $300 million. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea. The first production license was sold to a consortium led by US-based oil firms. Much of the 2005 budget is dependent upon the sale of additional production licenses.
Saudi Arabia This is an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. Saudi Arabia possesses 25% of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 75% of budget revenues, 45% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. About 40% of GDP comes from the private sector. Roughly five and a half million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, for example, in the oil and service sectors. The government in 1999 announced plans to begin privatizing the electricity companies, which follows the ongoing privatization of the telecommunications company. The government is encouraging private sector growth to lessen the kingdom's dependence on oil and increase employment opportunities for the swelling Saudi population. Priorities for government spending in the short term include additional funds for education and for the water and sewage systems. Economic reforms proceed cautiously because of deep-rooted political and social conservatism.
Senegal In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which was linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually during 1995-2003. Annual inflation had been pushed down to the low single digits. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff and a more stable monetary policy. Senegal still relies heavily upon outside donor assistance, however. Under the IMF's Highly Indebted Poor Countries debt relief program, Senegal will benefit from eradication of two-thirds of its bilateral, multilateral, and private sector debt.
Serbia and Montenegro MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of economic sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. After the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in October 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on an aggressive market reform program. After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, a down-sized Yugoslavia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). A World Bank-European Commission sponsored Donors' Conference held in June 2001 raised $1.3 billion for economic restructuring. An agreement rescheduling the country's $4.5 billion Paris Club government debts was concluded in November 2001 - it wrote off 66% of the debt - and the London Club of private creditors forgave $1.7 billion of debt, just over half the total owed, in July 2004. The smaller republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and continues to maintain its own central bank, uses the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collects customs tariffs, and manages its own budget. Kosovo's economy continues to transition to a market-based system, and is largely dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. The euro and the Yugoslav dinar are both accepted currencies in Kosovo. While maintaining ultimate oversight, UNMIK continues to work with the European Union and Kosovo's local provisional government to accelerate economic growth, lower unemployment, and attract foreign investment to help Kosovo integrate into regional economic structures. The complexity of Serbia and Montenegro political relationships, slow progress in privatization, legal uncertainty over property rights, scarcity of foreign-investment and a substantial foreign trade deficit are holding back the economy. Arrangements with the IMF, especially requirements for fiscal discipline, are an important element in policy formation. Severe unemployment remains a key political economic problem for this entire region.
Seychelles Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. A sharp drop illustrated the vulnerability of the tourist sector in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war, and once again following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the US. Growth slowed in 1998-2002, and fell in 2003, due to sluggish tourist and tuna sectors, but resumed in 2004, erasing a persistent budget deficit. Tight controls on exchange rates and the scarcity of foreign exchange have impaired short-term economic prospects. The black market value of the Seychelles rupee is half the official exchange rate; without a devaluation of the currency the tourist sector may remain sluggish as vacationers seek cheaper destinations such as Comoros, Mauritius, and Madagascar.
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone is an extremely poor African nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. While it possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, its economic and social infrastructure is not well developed, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development. About two-thirds of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Plans to reopen bauxite and rutile mines shut down during an 11 year civil war have not been implemented due to lack of foreign investment. Alluvial diamond mining remains the major source of hard currency earnings. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad, which is essential to offset the severe trade imbalance and supplement government revenues. International financial institutions contributed over $600 million in development aid and budgetary support in 2003.
Singapore Singapore, a highly developed and successful free market economy, enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP equal to that of the Big 4 West European countries. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly in electronics and manufacturing. It was hard hit in 2001-03 by the global recession, by the slump in the technology sector, and by an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2003, which curbed tourism and consumer spending. The government hopes to establish a new growth path that will be less vulnerable to the external business cycle and will continue efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high-tech hub. Fiscal stimulus, low interest rates, a surge in exports, and internal flexibility led to vigorous growth in 2004, with real GDP rising by 8 percent, by far the economy's best performance since 2000.
Slovakia Slovakia has mastered much of the difficult transition from a centrally planned economy to a modern market economy. The DZURINDA government made excellent progress during 2001-04 in macroeconomic stabilization and structural reform. Major privatizations are nearly complete, the banking sector is almost completely in foreign hands, and the government has helped facilitate a foreign investment boom with business-friendly policies, such as labor market liberalization and a 19% flat tax. Slovakia's economic growth exceeded expectations in 2001-04, despite the general European slowdown. Unemployment, at an unacceptable 15% in 2003-04, remains the economy's Achilles heel. Slovakia joined the EU on 1 May 2004.
Slovenia Slovenia, with its historical ties to Western Europe, enjoys a GDP per capita substantially higher than that of the other transitioning economies of Central Europe. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. Privatization of the economy proceeded at an accelerated pace in 2002-04. Despite lackluster performance in Europe in 2001-04, Slovenia maintained moderate growth. Structural reforms to improve the business environment have allowed for greater foreign participation in Slovenia's economy and have helped to lower unemployment. Further measures to curb inflation are still needed. Corruption and the high degree of coordination between government, business, and central bank policy were issues of concern in the run-up to Slovenia's 1 May 2004 accession to the European Union. In mid-2004 Slovenia agreed to adopt the euro by 2007 and, therefore, must keep its debt levels, budget deficits, interest rates, and inflation levels within the EU's Maastrict criteria.
Solomon Islands The bulk of the population depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of their livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. Prior to the arrival of the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), severe ethnic violence, the closing of key businesses, and an empty government treasury culminated in economic collapse. RAMSI has enabled a return to law and order, a new period of economic stability, and modest growth as the economy rebuilds.
Somalia Somalia's economic fortunes are driven by its deep political divisions. The northwestern area has declared its independence as the "Republic of Somaliland"; the northeastern region of Puntland is a semi-autonomous state; and the remaining southern portion is riddled with the struggles of rival factions. Economic life continues, in part because much activity is local and relatively easily protected. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock normally accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings, but Saudi Arabia's recent ban on Somali livestock, because of Rift Valley Fever concerns, has severely hampered the sector. Nomads and semi-nomads, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Livestock, hides, fish, charcoal, and bananas are Somalia's principal exports, while sugar, sorghum, corn, qat, and machined goods are the principal imports. Somalia's small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, has largely been looted and sold as scrap metal. Despite the seeming anarchy, Somalia's service sector has managed to survive and grow. Telecommunication firms provide wireless services in most major cities and offer the lowest international call rates on the continent. In the absence of a formal banking sector, money exchange services have sprouted throughout the country, handling between $500 million and $1 billion in remittances annually. Mogadishu's main market offers a variety of goods from food to the newest electronic gadgets. Hotels continue to operate, and militias provide security. The ongoing civil disturbances and clan rivalries, however, have interfered with any broad-based economic development and international aid arrangements. In 2004 Somalia's overdue financial obligations to the IMF continued to grow. Statistics on Somalia's GDP, growth, per capita income, and inflation should be viewed skeptically. In late December 2004, a major tsunami took an estimated 150 lives and caused destruction of properity in coastal areas.
South Africa South Africa is a middle-income, emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors; a stock exchange that ranks among the 10 largest in the world; and a modern infrastructure supporting an efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region. However, growth has not been strong enough to lower South Africa's high unemployment rate; and daunting economic problems remain from the apartheid era, especially poverty and lack of economic empowerment among the disadvantaged groups. South African economic policy is fiscally conservative, but pragmatic, focusing on targeting inflation and liberalizing trade as means to increase job growth and household income.
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.
Southern Ocean Fisheries in 2000-01 (1 July to 30 June) landed 112,934 metric tons, of which 87% was krill and 11% Patagonian toothfish. International agreements were adopted in late 1999 to reduce illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, which in the 2000-01 season landed, by one estimate, 8,376 metric tons of Patagonian and antarctic toothfish. In the 2000-01 antarctic summer 12,248 tourists, most of them seaborne, visited the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, compared to 14,762 the previous year.
Spain The Spanish economy boomed from 1986 to 1990, averaging five percent annual growth. After a European-wide recession in the early 1990s, the Spanish economy resumed moderate growth starting in 1994. Spain's mixed capitalist economy supports a GDP that on a per capita basis is 80% that of the four leading West European economies. The center-right government of former President AZNAR successfully worked to gain admission to the first group of countries launching the European single currency (the euro) on 1 January 1999. The AZNAR administration continued to advocate liberalization, privatization, and deregulation of the economy and introduced some tax reforms to that end. Unemployment fell steadily under the AZNAR administration but remains high at 10.4%. Growth of 2.5% in 2003 and 2.6% in 2004 was satisfactory given the background of a faltering European economy. The socialist president, RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO, has initiated economic and social reforms that are generally popular among the masses of people but that are anathema to religious and other conservative elements. Adjusting to the monetary and other economic policies of an integrated Europe, reducing unemployment, and absorbing widespread social changes will pose challenges to Spain over the next few years.
Spratly Islands Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored; there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Sri Lanka In 1977, Colombo abandoned statist economic policies and its import substitution trade policy for market-oriented policies and export-oriented trade. Sri Lanka's most dynamic sectors now are food processing, textiles and apparel, food and beverages, telecommunications, and insurance and banking. In 2003, plantation crops made up only 15% of exports (compared with 93% in 1970), while textiles and garments accounted for 63%. GDP grew at an average annual rate of 5.5% in the early 1990s until a drought and a deteriorating security situation lowered growth to 3.8% in 1996. The economy rebounded in 1997-2000 with average growth of 5.3%, but 2001 saw the first contraction in the country's history, -1.4%, due to a combination of power shortages, severe budgetary problems, the global slowdown, and continuing civil strife. Growth recovered to 4.0% in 2002 and to 5.2% in both 2003 and 2004. About 800,000 Sri Lankans work abroad, 90% in the Middle East. They send home about $1 billion a year. The struggle by the Tamil Tigers of the north and east for a largely independent homeland continues to cast a shadow over the economy. In late December 2004, a major tsunami took about 31,000 lives, left more than 6,300 missing and 443,000 displaced, and destroyed an estimated $1.5 billion worth of property.
Sudan Sudan has turned around a struggling economy with sound economic policies and infrastructure investments, but it still faces formidable economic problems, starting from its low level of per capita output. From 1997 to date, Sudan has been implementing IMF macroeconomic reforms. In 1999, Sudan began exporting crude oil and in the last quarter of 1999 recorded its first trade surplus, which, along with monetary policy, has stabilized the exchange rate. Increased oil production, revived light industry, and expanded export processing zones helped sustain GDP growth at 6.4% in 2004. Agriculture production remains Sudan's most important sector, employing 80% of the work force, contributing 39% of GDP, and accounting for most of GDP growth, but most farms remain rain-fed and susceptible to drought. Chronic instability - including the long-standing civil war between the Muslim north and the Christian/pagan south, adverse weather, and weak world agricultural prices - ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years.
Suriname The economy is dominated by the alumina industry, which accounts for more than 15% of GDP and 70% of export earnings. Suriname's economic prospects for the medium term will depend on continued commitment to responsible monetary and fiscal policies and to the introduction of structural reforms to liberalize markets and promote competition. The government of Ronald VENETIAAN has begun an austerity program, raised taxes, and attempted to control spending. While - in 2002 - President VENETIAAN agreed to a large pay raise for civil servants, threatening his earlier gains in stabilizing the economy, he has not repeated this promise in the run-up to the May 2005 elections. The Dutch Government has agreed to restart the aid flow, which will allow Suriname to access international development financing, but plans to phase out funds over the next five years. The short-term economic outlook depends on the government's ability to control inflation and on the development of projects in the bauxite and gold mining sectors. Prospects for local onshore oil production are good, as a drilling program is underway. Offshore oil drilling was given a boost in 2004 when the State Oil Company (Staatsolie) signed exploration agreements with Repsol and Mearsk.
Svalbard Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.
Swaziland In this small, landlocked economy, subsistence agriculture occupies more than 80% of the population. The manufacturing sector has diversified since the mid-1980s. Sugar and wood pulp remain important foreign exchange earners. Mining has declined in importance in recent years with only coal and quarry stone mines remaining active. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa from which it receives about nine-tenths of its imports and to which it sends nearly three-quarters of its exports. Customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union and worker remittances from South Africa substantially supplement domestically earned income. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign investment. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and sometimes floods persist as problems for the future. More than one-fourth of the population needed emergency food aid in 2004 because of drought, and more than one-third of the adult population was infected by HIV/AIDS.
Sweden Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. The government's commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due to the global economic slowdown, declining revenue, and increased spending. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) focuses on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth remained sluggish in 2003, but picked up in 2004. Presumably because of generous sicktime benefits, Swedish workers report in sick more often than other Europeans. On 14 September 2003, Swedish voters turned down entry into the euro system, concerned about the impact on democracy and sovereignty.
Switzerland Switzerland is a peaceful, prosperous, and stable modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP larger than that of the big Western European economies. The Swiss in recent years have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to enhance their international competitiveness. Switzerland remains a safe haven for investors, because it has maintained a degree of bank secrecy and has kept up the franc's long-term external value. Reflecting the anemic economic conditions of Europe, GDP growth dropped in 2001 to about 0.8%, to 0.2% in 2002, and to -0.3% in 2003, with a small rise to 1.8% in 2004. Even so, unemployment has remained at less than half the EU average.
Syria Real GDP growth rose to 2.3 percent in 2004, a slight increase from 2003 when the predominantly statist economy suffered from disruptions caused by the war in Iraq and other developments in the region. Annual real GDP growth has averaged 2.3 percent for the last seven years. The Government of Syria has implemented modest economic reforms in the last few years, including cutting interest rates, opening private banks, consolidating some of the multiple exchange rates, and raising prices on some subsidized foodstuffs. Nevertheless, the economy remains highly controlled by the government. Long run economic constraints include declining oil production and exports and pressure on water supplies caused by rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and increased water pollution.
Taiwan Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing guidance of investment and foreign trade by government authorities. In keeping with this trend, some large government-owned banks and industrial firms are being privatized. Exports have provided the primary impetus for industrialization. The trade surplus is substantial, and foreign reserves are the world's third largest. Agriculture contributes less than 2% to GDP, down from 32% in 1952. Taiwan is a major investor throughout Southeast Asia. China has overtaken the US to become Taiwan's largest export market. Because of its conservative financial approach and its entrepreneurial strengths, Taiwan suffered little compared with many of its neighbors from the Asian financial crisis in 1998. The global economic downturn, combined with problems in policy coordination by the administration and bad debts in the banking system, pushed Taiwan into recession in 2001, the first year of negative growth ever recorded. Unemployment also reached record levels. Output recovered moderately in 2002 in the face of continued global slowdown, fragile consumer confidence, and bad bank loans; and the essentially vibrant economy pushed ahead in 2003-04. Growing economic ties with China are a dominant long-term factor, e.g., exports to China of parts and equipment for the assembly of goods for export to developed countries.
Tajikistan Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. Only 5% to 6% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 60% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced steady economic growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. A debt restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002, including an interest rate of 4%, a 3-year grace period, and a US $49.8 million credit to the Central Bank of Tajikistan.
Tanzania Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for almost half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry traditionally featured the processing of agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's out-of-date economic infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Growth in 1991-2002 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported real GDP growth of nearly 6% in 2004.
Thailand Thailand has a well developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and welcomes foreign investment. Thailand has fully recovered from the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis and was one of East Asia's best performers in 2002-04. Increased consumption and investment spending and strong export growth pushed GDP growth up to 6.9% in 2003 and 6.1% in 2004 despite a sluggish global economy. The highly popular government's expansionist policy, including major support of village economic development, has raised concerns about fiscal discipline and the health of financial institutions. Bangkok has pursued preferential trade agreements with a variety of partners in an effort to boost exports and maintain high growth, and in 2004 began negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement with the US. In late December 2004, a major tsunami took 8,500 lives in Thailand and caused massive destruction of property in the southern provinces of Krabi, Phangnga, and Phuket.
Togo This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate, but production fell an estimated 22% in 2002 due to power shortages and the cost of developing new deposits. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.
Tokelau Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.
Tonga Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago, the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. Tourism is a growing sector, although not proportionately as important as in many other Caribbean islands. The economy benefits from low inflation and a growing trade surplus. Prospects for growth in 2004 are good as prices for oil, petrochemicals, and liquified natural gas are expected to remain high, and foreign direct investment continues to grow to support expanded capacity in the energy sector. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime.
Tromelin Island no economic activity
Tunisia Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Progressive social policies also have helped raise living conditions in Tunisia relative to the region. Real growth slowed to a 15-year low of 1.9% in 2002 because of agricultural drought and lackluster tourism. Better rains in 2003 and 2004, however, helped push GDP growth above 5% for these years. Tourism also recovered after the end of combat operations in Iraq. Tunisia is gradually removing barriers to trade with the European Union. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, improvements in government efficiency, and reduction of the trade deficit are among the challenges ahead.
Turkey Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2004 still accounted for more than 35% of employment. It has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. The largest industrial sector is textiles and clothing, which accounts for one-third of industrial employment; it faces stiff competition in international markets with the end of the global quota system. However, other sectors, notably the automotive and electronics industries, are rising in importance within Turkey's export mix. In recent years the economic situation has been marked by erratic economic growth and serious imbalances. Real GNP growth has exceeded 6% in many years, but this strong expansion has been interrupted by sharp declines in output in 1994, 1999, and 2001. Inflation, in recent years in the high double-digit range, fell to 9.3% by 2004 - a 30-year low. Despite these strong economic gains in 2002-04, which were largely due to renewed investor interest in emerging markets, IMF backing, and tighter fiscal policy, the economy is still plagued with high debt and deficits. The public sector fiscal deficit exceeds 6% of GDP - due in large part to the huge burden of interest payments, which accounted for more than 40% of central government spending in 2004, and to populist spending. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey remains low - averaging less than $1 billion annually, but further economic and judicial reforms and prospective EU membership are expected to boost FDI. A major political and economic issue over the next decade is whether or not Turkey will become a member of the EU.
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is largely desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and large gas and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; formerly it was the world's tenth-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to a nearly 46% decline in cotton exports. With an authoritarian ex-Communist regime in power and a tribally based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization goals remain limited. In 1998-2004, Turkmenistan suffered from the continued lack of adequate export routes for natural gas and from obligations on extensive short-term external debt. At the same time, however, total exports rose by perhaps 30% in 2003 and 19% in 2004, largely because of higher international oil and gas prices. Overall prospects in the near future are discouraging because of widespread internal poverty, the burden of foreign debt, the government's irrational use of oil and gas revenues, and its unwillingness to adopt market-oriented reforms. Turkmenistan's economic statistics are state secrets, and GDP and other figures are subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the rate of GDP growth is uncertain.
Turks and Caicos Islands The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, fishing, and offshore financial services. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than half of the annual 93,000 visitors in the late 1990s. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts.
Tuvalu Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu because of payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for "900" lines and in 2000, from the lease of its ".tv" Internet domain name. Royalties from these new technology sources could increase substantially over the next decade. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and income from overseas investments.
Uganda Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. During 1990-2001, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Corruption within the government and slippage in the government's determination to press reforms raise doubts about the continuation of strong growth. In 2000, Uganda qualified for enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145 million. These amounts combined with the original HIPC debt relief added up to about $2 billion. Growth for 2001-02 was solid despite continued decline in the price of coffee, Uganda's principal export. Solid growth in 2003-04 reflected an upturn in Uganda's export markets.
Ukraine After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment (for example, large diameter pipes) and raw materials to industrial and mining sites (vertical drilling apparatus) in other regions of the former USSR. Ukraine depends on imports of energy, especially natural gas, to meet some 85% of its annual energy requirements. Shortly after independence in December 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Loose monetary policies pushed inflation to hyperinflationary levels in late 1993. Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks. Ukrainian government officials have taken some steps to reform the country's Byzantine tax code, such as the implementation of lower tax rates aimed at bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, but more improvements are needed, including closing tax loopholes and eliminating tax privileges and exemptions. Reforms in the more politically sensitive areas of structural reform and land privatization are still lagging. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF - have encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms. GDP in 2000 showed strong export-based growth of 6% - the first growth since independence - and industrial production grew 12.9%. The economy continued to expand in 2001 as real GDP rose 9% and industrial output grew by over 14%. Growth of 4.6% in 2002 was more moderate, in part a reflection of faltering growth in the developed world. In general, growth has been undergirded by strong domestic demand, low inflation, and solid consumer and investor confidence. Growth was a sturdy 9.3% in 2003 and a remarkable 12% in 2004, despite a loss of momentum in needed economic reforms.
United Arab Emirates The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Its wealth is based on oil and gas output (about 30% of GDP), and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since the discovery of oil in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. At present levels of production, oil and gas reserves should last for more than 100 years. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up its utilities to greater private sector involvement. In April 2004, the UAE signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to undertake negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US.
United Kingdom The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is one of the quartet of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. Over the past two decades the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts for 10% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance. GDP growth slipped in 2001-03 as the global downturn, the high value of the pound, and the bursting of the "new economy" bubble hurt manufacturing and exports. Output recovered in 2004, to 3.2% growth. The economy is one of the strongest in Europe; inflation, interest rates, and unemployment remain low. The relatively good economic performance has complicated the BLAIR government's efforts to make a case for Britain to join the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Critics point out that the economy is doing well outside of EMU, and they cite public opinion polls that continue to show a majority of Britons opposed to the euro. Meantime, the government has been speeding up the improvement of education, transport, and health services, at a cost in higher taxes.
United States The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $40,100. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy considerably greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to entry in their rivals' home markets than the barriers to entry of foreign firms in US markets. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace, and military equipment; their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual development of a "two-tier labor market" in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. The response to the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 showed the remarkable resilience of the economy. The war in March/April 2003 between a US-led coalition and Iraq, and the subsequent occupation of Iraq, required major shifts in national resources to the military. The rise in GDP in 2004 was undergirded by substantial gains in labor productivity. The economy suffered from a sharp increase in energy prices in the second half of 2004. Long-term problems include inadequate investment in economic infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, sizable trade and budget deficits, and stagnation of family income in the lower economic groups.
Uruguay Uruguay's well-to-do economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually during 1996-98, in 1999-2002 the economy suffered a major downturn, stemming largely from the spillover effects of the economic problems of its large neighbors, Argentina and Brazil. For instance, in 2001-02 massive withdrawals by Argentina of dollars deposited in Uruguayan banks led to a plunge in the Uruguyan peso and a massive rise in unemployment. Total GDP in these four years dropped by nearly 20%, with 2002 the worst year due to the serious banking crisis. Unemployment rose to nearly 20% in 2002, inflation surged, and the burden of external debt doubled. Cooperation with the IMF limited the damage. The debt swap with private creditors carried out in 2003, which extended the maturity dates on nearly half of Uruguay's $11.3 billion in public debt, substantially alleviated the country's amortization burden in the coming years and restored public confidence. The economy grew about 10% in 2004 as a result of high commodity prices for Uruguayan exports, the weakness of the dollar against the euro, growth in the region, low international interest rates, and greater export competitiveness.
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 11% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world's second-largest cotton exporter, a large producer of gold and oil, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. Following independence in December 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. Uzbekistan responded to the negative external conditions generated by the Asian and Russian financial crises by emphasizing import substitute industrialization and by tightening export and currency controls within its already largely closed economy. The government, while aware of the need to improve the investment climate, sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, the government's control over business decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. In 2003, the government accepted the obligations of Article VIII under the International Monetary Fund (IMF), providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity.
Vanuatu This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for 65% of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with about 50,000 visitors in 2004, are other mainstays of the economy. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. GDP growth rose less than 3% on average in the 1990s. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. In mid-2002 the government stepped up efforts to boost tourism. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth. Australia and New Zealand are the main suppliers of tourists and foreign aid.
Venezuela Venezuela continues to be highly dependent on the petroleum sector, accounting for roughly one-third of GDP, around 80% of export earnings, and over half of government operating revenues. A disastrous two-month national oil strike from December 2002 to February 2003, temporarily halted economic activity. The economy remained in depression in 2003, declining by 9.2% after an 8.9% fall in 2002. Despite continued domestic instability, output recovered strongly in 2004, aided by high oil prices. Both inflation and unemployment remain fundamental problems.
Vietnam Vietnam is a densely-populated, developing country that in the last 30 years has had to recover from the ravages of war, the loss of financial support from the old Soviet Bloc, and the rigidities of a centrally planned economy. Substantial progress was achieved from 1986 to 1997 in moving forward from an extremely low level of development and significantly reducing poverty. Growth averaged around 9% per year from 1993 to 1997. The 1997 Asian financial crisis highlighted the problems in the Vietnamese economy and temporarily allowed opponents of reform to slow progress towards a market oriented economy. GDP growth of 8.5% in 1997 fell to 6% in 1998 and 5% in 1999. Growth then rose to 7% in 2000-04 even against the background of global recession. Since 2001, however, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic liberalization and international integration. They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. However, equitization of state-owned enterprises and reduction in the proportion of non-performing loans has fallen behind schedule. Vietnam's membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry into force of the US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade in December 2001 have led to even more rapid changes in Vietnam's trade and economic regime. Vietnam's exports to the US doubled in 2002 and again in 2003. Vietnam is working toward accession to the WTO in 2005. Among other benefits, accession will allow Vietnam to take advantage of the phase out of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, which eliminated quotas on textiles and clothing for WTO partners on 1 January 2005. Vietnam is working to promote job creation to keep up with the country's high population growth rate. However, in 2004, high levels of inflation prompted Vietnamese authorities to tighten monetary and fiscal policies.
Virgin Islands Tourism is the primary economic activity, accounting for 80% of GDP and employment. The islands normally host 2 million visitors a year. The manufacturing sector consists of petroleum refining, textiles, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and watch assembly. The agricultural sector is small, with most food being imported. International business and financial services are a small but growing component of the economy. One of the world's largest petroleum refineries is at Saint Croix. The islands are subject to substantial damage from storms. The government is working to improve fiscal discipline, to support construction projects in the private sector, to expand tourist facilities, to reduce crime, and to protect the environment.
Wake Island Economic activity is limited to providing services to contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
Wallis and Futuna The economy is limited to traditional subsistence agriculture, with about 80% labor force earnings from agriculture (coconuts and vegetables), livestock (mostly pigs), and fishing. About 4% of the population is employed in government. Revenues come from French Government subsidies, licensing of fishing rights to Japan and South Korea, import taxes, and remittances from expatriate workers in New Caledonia.
West Bank The West Bank - the larger of the two areas under the Palestine Authority - has experienced a general decline in economic growth and a degradation in economic conditions made worse since the second intifadah began in September 2000. The downturn has been largely the result of the Israeli closure policies - the imposition of border closures in response to security incidents in Israel - which disrupted labor and commodity market relationships. In 2001, and even more severely in 2002, Israeli military measures in Palestine Authority areas resulted in the destruction of much capital plant, the disruption of administrative structure, and widespread business closures. Including the Gaza Strip, the UN estimates that more than 100,000 Palestinians out of the 125,000 who used to work in Israeli settlements, or in joint industrial zones, have lost their jobs. International aid of $2 billion to the West Bank and Gaza strip in 2004 prevented the complete collapse of the economy and allowed some reforms in the government's financial operations. Meanwhile, unemployment has continued at more than half the labor force. ARAFAT's death in 2004 leaves open more political options that could affect the economy.
Western Sahara Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. Incomes and standards of living in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level.
World Global output rose by 4.9% in 2004, led by China (9.1%), Russia (6.7%), and India (6.2%). The other 14 successor nations of the USSR and the other old Warsaw Pact nations again experienced widely divergent growth rates; the three Baltic nations continued as strong performers, in the 7% range of growth. Growth results posted by the major industrial countries varied from a small gain in Italy (1.3%) to a strong gain by the United States (4.4%). The developing nations also varied in their growth results, with many countries facing population increases that erode gains in output. Externally, the nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, funds, and technology. Internally, the central government often finds its control over resources slipping as separatist regional movements - typically based on ethnicity - gain momentum, e.g., in many of the successor states of the former Soviet Union, in the former Yugoslavia, in India, in Iraq, in Indonesia, and in Canada. Externally, the central government is losing decisionmaking powers to international bodies, notably the European Union. In Western Europe, governments face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. The addition of 75 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, desertification, underemployment, epidemics, and famine. Because of their own internal problems and priorities, the industrialized countries devote insufficient resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from an economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. The introduction of the euro as the common currency of much of Western Europe in January 1999, while paving the way for an integrated economic powerhouse, poses economic risks because of varying levels of income and cultural and political differences among the participating nations. The terrorist attacks on the US on 11 September 2001 accentuate a further growing risk to global prosperity, illustrated, for example, by the reallocation of resources away from investment to anti-terrorist programs. The opening of war in March 2003 between a US-led coalition and Iraq added new uncertainties to global economic prospects. After the coalition victory, the complex political difficulties and the high economic cost of establishing domestic order in Iraq became major global problems that continued into 2005.
Yemen Yemen, one of the poorest countries in the Arab world, has reported strong growth since 2000, but its economic fortunes depend mostly on oil. Yemen has embarked on an IMF-supported structural adjustment program designed to modernize and streamline the economy, which has led to substantial foreign debt relief and restructuring. Yemen has worked to maintain tight control over spending and to implement additional components of the IMF program, but a high population growth rate and internal political dissension complicate the government's task. Plans include a diversification of the economy, encouragement of tourism, and more efficient use of scarce water resources.
Zambia Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economic growth remains somewhat below the 5% to 7% needed to reduce poverty significantly. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. Copper output increased in 2004 and is expected to increase again in 2005, due to higher copper prices and the opening of new mines. The maize harvest was again good in 2004, helping boost GDP and agricultural exports. Cooperation continues with international bodies on programs to reduce poverty, including a new lending arrangement with the IMF in the second quarter, 2004. A tighter monetary policy will help cut inflation, but Zambia still has a serious problem with fiscal discipline.
Zimbabwe The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued exchange rate, soaring inflation, and bare shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for example, drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the country's failure to meet budgetary goals. Inflation rose from an annual rate of 32% in 1998 to 133% at the end of 2004, while the exchange rate fell from 24 Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar to 6,200 in the same time period. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs.
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2117 Pipelines (km)
Afghanistan gas 387 km (2004)
Albania gas 339 km; oil 207 km (2004)
Algeria condensate 1,344 km; gas 85,946 km; liquid petroleum gas 2,213 km; oil 6,496 km (2004)
Angola gas 214 km; liquid natural gas 14 km; liquid petroleum gas 30 km; oil 837 km; refined products 56 km (2004)
Argentina gas 27,166 km; liquid petroleum gas 41 km; oil 3,668 km; refined products 2,945 km; unknown (oil/water) 13 km (2004)
Armenia gas 1,871 km (2004)
Australia condensate/gas 492 km; gas 28,680 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km; oil 4,773 km; oil/gas/water 110 km (2004)
Austria gas 2,722 km; oil 663 km; refined products 149 km (2004)
Azerbaijan gas 4,451 km; oil 1,518 km (2004)
Bahrain gas 20 km; oil 53 km (2004)
Bangladesh gas 2,012 km (2004)
Belarus gas 5,223 km; oil 2,443 km; refined products 1,686 km (2004)
Belgium gas 1,485 km; oil 158 km; refined products 535 km (2004)
Bolivia gas 4,860 km; liquid petroleum gas 47 km; oil 2,457 km; refined products 1,589 km; unknown (oil/water) 247 km (2004)
Brazil condensate/gas 244 km; gas 10,739 km; liquid petroleum gas 341 km; oil 5,212 km; refined products 4,755 km (2004)
Brunei gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2004)
Bulgaria gas 2,425 km; oil 339 km; refined products 156 km (2004)
Burma gas 2,056 km; oil 558 km (2004)
Cameroon gas 90 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,120 km (2004)
Canada crude and refined oil 23,564 km; liquid petroleum gas 74,980 km (2003)
Chad oil 205 km (2004)
Chile gas 2,583 km; gas/lpg 42 km; liquid petroleum gas 539 km; oil 1,003 km; refined products 757 km (2004)
China gas 15,890 km; oil 14,478 km; refined products 3,280 km (2004)
Colombia gas 4,360 km; oil 6,134 km; refined products 3,140 km (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the gas 54 km; oil 71 km (2004)
Congo, Republic of the gas 53 km; oil 646 km (2004)
Costa Rica refined products 242 km (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire condensate 107 km; gas 223 km; oil 104 km (2004)
Croatia gas 1,340 km; oil 583 km (2004)
Cuba gas 49 km; oil 230 km (2004)
Czech Republic gas 7,020 km; oil 547 km; refined products 94 km (2004)
Denmark condensate 12 km; gas 3,892 km; oil 455 km; oil/gas/water 2 km; unknown (oil/water) 64 km (2004)
Ecuador extra heavy crude 578 km; gas 71 km; oil 1,386 km; refined products 1,185 km (2004)
Egypt condensate 289 km; condensate/gas 94 km; gas 6,115 km; liquid petroleum gas 852 km; oil 5,032 km; oil/gas/water 36 km; refined products 246 km (2004)
Equatorial Guinea condensate 37 km; gas 39 km; liquid natural gas 4 km; oil 24 km (2004)
Estonia gas 859 km (2004)
Finland gas 694 km (2004)
France gas 14,232 km; oil 3,024 km; refined products 4,889 km (2004)
Gabon gas 210 km; oil 1,385 km (2004)
Georgia gas 1,697 km; oil 1,027 km; refined products 232 km (2004)
Germany condensate 325 km; gas 25,293 km; oil 3,540 km; refined products 3,827 km (2004)
Ghana refined products 74 km (2004)
Greece gas 1,166 km; oil 94 km (2004)
Guatemala oil 480 km (2004)
Hungary gas 4,397 km; oil 990 km; refined products 335 km (2004)
India gas 6,171 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,195 km; oil 5,613 km; refined products 5,567 km (2004)
Indonesia condensate 850 km; condensate/gas 128 km; gas 8,506 km; oil 7,472 km; oil/gas/water 66 km; refined products 1,329 km (2004)
Iran condensate/gas 212 km; gas 16,998 km; liquid petroleum gas 570 km; oil 8,256 km; refined products 7,808 km (2004)
Iraq gas 1,739 km; oil 5,418 km; refined products 1,343 km (2004)
Ireland gas 1,795 km (2004)
Israel gas 140 km; oil 1,509 km (2004)
Italy gas 17,335 km; oil 1,136 km (2004)
Japan gas 2,719 km; oil 170 km; oil/gas/water 60 km (2004)
Jordan gas 10 km; oil 743 km (2004)
Kazakhstan condensate 18 km; gas 10,370 km; oil 10,158 km; refined products 1,187 km (2004)
Kenya refined products 752 km (2004)
Korea, North oil 154 km (2004)
Korea, South gas 1,433 km; refined products 827 km (2004)
Kuwait gas 169 km; oil 540 km; refined products 57 km (2004)
Kyrgyzstan gas 367 km; oil 13 km (2004)
Laos refined products 540 km (2004)
Latvia gas 1,097 km; oil 409 km; refined products 415 km (2004)
Lebanon oil 209 km (2004)
Libya condensate 225 km; gas 3,611 km; oil 7,252 km (2004)
Liechtenstein gas 20 km (2004)
Lithuania gas 1,696 km; oil 331 km; refined products 109 km (2004)
Luxembourg gas 155 km (2004)
Macedonia gas 268 km; oil 120 km (2004)
Malaysia condensate 279 km; gas 5,047 km; oil 1,841 km; refined products 114 km (2004)
Mexico crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km; natural gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km (2003)
Moldova gas 606 km (2004)
Morocco gas 695 km; oil 285 km (2004)
Mozambique gas 649 km; refined products 292 km (2004)
Netherlands condensate 325 km; gas 6,998 km; oil 590 km; refined products 716 km (2004)
New Zealand gas 2,213 km; liquid petroleum gas 79 km; oil 160 km; refined products 304 km (2004)
Nicaragua oil 54 km (2004)
Nigeria condensate 105 km; gas 1,896 km; oil 3,638 km; refined products 3,626 km (2004)
Norway condensate 411 km; gas 6,199 km; oil 2,213 km; oil/gas/water 746 km; unknown (oil/water) 38 km (2004)
Oman gas 3,754 km; oil 3,212 km (2004)
Pakistan gas 9,945 km; oil 1,821 km (2004)
Papua New Guinea oil 264 km (2004)
Peru gas 388 km; oil 1,557 km; refined products 13 km (2004)
Philippines gas 565 km; oil 135 km; refined products 100 km (2004)
Poland gas 13,552 km; oil 1,772 km (2004)
Portugal gas 1,099 km; oil 8 km; refined products 174 km (2004)
Qatar condensate 319 km; condensate/gas 209 km; gas 1,024 km; liquid petroleum gas 87 km; oil 702 km; oil/gas/water 41 km (2004)
Romania gas 3,508 km; oil 2,427 km (2004)
Russia condensate 122 km; gas 150,007 km; oil 75,539 km; refined products 13,771 km (2004)
Saudi Arabia condensate 212 km; gas 1,780 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,191 km; oil 5,068 km; refined products 1,162 km (2004)
Senegal gas 564 km (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro gas 3,177 km; oil 393 km (2004)
Singapore gas 139 km (2004)
Slovakia gas 6,769 km; oil 449 km (2004)
Slovenia gas 2,526 km; oil 11 km (2004)
South Africa condensate 100 km; gas 1,052 km; oil 847 km; refined products 1,354 km (2004)
Spain gas 7,306 km; oil 730 km; refined products 3,512 km (2004)
Sudan gas 156 km; oil 2,365 km; refined products 810 km (2004)
Suriname oil 51 km (2004)
Sweden gas 798 km (2004)
Switzerland gas 1,831 km; oil 94 km; refined products 7 km (2004)
Syria gas 2,300 km; oil 2,183 km (2004)
Taiwan condensate 25 km; gas 435 km (2004)
Tajikistan gas 541 km; oil 38 km (2004)
Tanzania gas 29 km; oil 866 km (2004)
Thailand gas 3,112 km; refined products 265 km (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago condensate 253 km; gas 1,117 km; oil 478 km (2004)
Tunisia gas 3,059 km; oil 1,203 km; refined products 345 km (2004)
Turkey gas 3,177 km; oil 3,562 km (2004)
Turkmenistan gas 6,549 km; oil 1,395 km (2004)
Ukraine gas 20,069 km; oil 4,540 km; refined products 4,169 km (2004)
United Arab Emirates condensate 469 km; gas 2,655 km; liquid petroleum gas 300 km; oil 2,936 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2004)
United Kingdom condensate 370 km; gas 21,446 km; liquid petroleum gas 59 km; oil 6,420 km; oil/gas/water 63 km; refined products 4,474 km (2004)
United States petroleum products 244,620 km; natural gas 548,665 km (2003)
Uruguay gas 192 km (2004)
Uzbekistan gas 9,149 km; oil 869 km; refined products 33 km (2004)
Venezuela extra heavy crude 992 km; gas 5,262 km; oil 7,360 km; refined products 1,681 km; unknown (oil/water) 141 km (2004)
Vietnam condensate/gas 432 km; gas 210 km; oil 3 km; refined products 206 km (2004)
Yemen gas 88 km; oil 1,174 km (2004)
Zambia oil 771 km (2004)
Zimbabwe refined products 261 km (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2118 Political parties and leaders
Afghanistan note - includes only political parties approved by the Ministry of Justice: Afghan Millat [Anwarul Haq AHADI]; De Afghanistan De Solay Ghorzang Gond [Shahnawaz TANAI]; De Afghanistan De Solay Mili Islami Gond [Shah Mahmood Polal ZAI]; Harakat-e-Islami Afghanistan [Mohammad Asif MOHSINEE]; Hezb-e-Aarman-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Iihaj Saraj-u-din ZAFAREE]; Hezb-e-Aazadee Afghanistan [Abdul MALIK]; Hezb-e-Adalat-e-Islami Afghanistan [Mohammad Kabeer MARZBAN]; Hezb-e-Afghanistan-e-Wahid [Mohammad Wasil RAHEEMEE]; Hezb-e-Afghan Watan Islami Gond [leader NA]; Hezb-e-Congra-e-Mili Afghanistan [Latif PEDRAM]; Hezb-e-Falah-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Mohammad ZAREEF]; Hezb-e-Libral-e-Aazadee Khwa-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Ajmal SOHAIL]; Hezb-e-Hambastagee Mili Jawanan-e-Afghanistan [Mohammad Jamil KARZAI]; Hezb-e-Hamnbatagee-e-Afghanistan [Abdul Khaleq NEMAT]; Hezb-e-Harakat-e-Mili Wahdat-e-Afghanistan [Mohammad Nadir AATASH]; Hezb-e-Harak-e-Islami Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Ilhaj Said Hssain ANWARY]; Hezb-e-Ifazat Az Uqoq-e-Bashar Wa Inkishaf-e-Afghanistan [Baryalai NASRATEE]; Hezb-e-Istiqlal-e-Afghanistan [Dr. Gh. Farooq NIJZRABEE]; Hezb-e-Jamhoree Khwahan [Sibghatullah SANJAR]; Hezb-e-Kar Wa Tawsiha-e-Afghanistan [Zulfiar OMID]; Hezb-e-Mili Afghanistan [Abdul Rasheed AARYAN]; Hezb-e-Mili Wahdat-e-Aqwam-e-Islami Afghanistan [Mohammad Shah KHOGYANEE]; Hezb-e-Nuhzhat-e-Mili Afghanistan [Ahmad Wali MASOUD]; Hezb-e-Paiwand-e-Mili Afghanistan [Said Mansoor NADIRI]; Hezb-e-Rastakhaiz-e-Islami Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Said ZAHIR]; Hezb-e-Refah-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Mia Gul WASEEQ]; Hezb-e-Risalat-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Noor Aqa ROEEN]; Hezb-e-Sahadat-e-Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Mohammad Zubair PAIROZ]; Hezb-e-Sahadat-e-Mili Wa Islami Afghanistan [Mohammad Usman SALIGZADA]; Hezb-e-Sulh-e-Mili Islami Aqwam-e-Afghanistan [Abdul Qahir SHARYATEE]; Hezb-e-Sulh Wa Wahdat-e-Mili Afghanistan [Abdul Qadir IMAMEE]; Hezb-e-Tafahum-e-Wa Democracy Afghanistan [Ahamad SHAHEEN]; Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Islami Afghanistan [Mohammad Karim KHALILI]; Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Islami Mardum-e-Afghanistan [Ustad Mohammad MOHAQQEQ]; Hezb-e-Wahdat-e-Mili Afghanistan [Abdul Rasheed Jalili]; Jamahat-ul-Dahwat ilal Qurhan-wa-Sunat-ul-Afghanistan [Mawlawee Samiullah NAJEEBEE]; Jombesh-e Milli [Abdul Rashid DOSTAM]; Mahaz-e-Mili Islami Afghanistan [Said Ahmad GAILANEE]; Majmah-e-Mili Fahaleen-e-Sulh-e-Afghanistan [Shams ul Haq Noor SHAMS]; Nuhzat-e-Aazadee Wa democracy Afghanistan [Abdul Raqeeb Jawid KUHISTANEE]; Nuhzat-e-Hambastagee Mili Afghanistan [Peer Said Ishaq GAILANEE]; Sazman-e-Islami Afghanistan-e-Jawan [Siad Jawad HUSSAINEE]; Tahreek Wahdat-e-Mili [Sultan Mahmood DHAZI] (30 Sep 2004)
Albania Agrarian Environmentalist Party or PAA [Lufter XHUVELI]; Christian Democratic Party or PDK [Nikolle LESI]; Communist Party of Albania or PKSH [Hysni MILLOSHI]; Democratic Alliance Party or PAD [Neritan CEKA]; Democratic Party or PD [Sali BERISHA]; Legality Movement Party or PLL [Ekrem SPAHIU]; Liberal Union Party or PBL [Arjan STAROVA]; National Front Party (Balli Kombetar) or PBK [Adriatik ALIMADHI]; New Democratic Party or PDR [Genc POLLO]; Party of National Unity or PUK [Idajet BEQIRI]; Renewed Democratic Party or PDR [Dashamir SHEHI]; Republican Party or PR [Fatmir MEDIU]; Social Democracy Party or PDS [Paskal MILO]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Skender GJINUSHI]; Socialist Movement for Integration or LSI [Ilir META]; Socialist Party or PS (formerly the Albanian Party of Labor) [Fatos NANO]; Union for Human Rights Party or PBDNJ [Vangjel DULE]
Algeria Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]; Democratic National Rally or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA, chairman]; Islamic Salvation Front or FIS (outlawed April 1992) [Ali BELHADJ and Dr. Abassi MADANI, Rabeh KEBIR (self-exiled in Germany)]; National Entente Movement or MEN [Ali BOUKHAZNA]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Abdelaziz BELKHADEM, secretary general (also serves as Foreign Minister)]; National Reform Movement or Islah (formerly MRN) [Abdellah DJABALLAH]; National Renewal Party or PRA [Yacine TERKMANE]; Progressive Republican Party [Khadir DRISS]; Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Said SAADI, secretary general]; Renaissance Movement or EnNahda Movement [Fatah RABEI]; Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Hocine Ait AHMED, secretary general (self-exiled in Switzerland)]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Ahmed KHELIL]; Society of Peace Movement or MSP [Boujerra SOLTANI]; Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUN] note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997
American Samoa Democratic Party [Oreta M. TOGAFAU]; Republican Party [Tautai A. F. FAALEVAO]
Andorra Andorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly Democratic Party or PD) [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA (formerly Liberal Union or UL) [Albert PINTAT]; Social Democratic Party or PS (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [Mariona GONZALEZ REOLIT]
Angola Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS], ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO] note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but only won a few seats and have little influence in the National Assembly
Anguilla Anguilla United Movement or AUM [Hubert HUGHES]; The Anguilla United Front or AUF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor BANKS], a coalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA; Anguilla Progressive Party or APP [Roy ROGERS]; Anguilla Strategic Alternative or ANSA [Edison BAIRD]
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP, Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor Movement or PLM)
Argentina Action for the Republic or AR [Domingo CAVALLO]; Alternative for a Republic of Equals or ARI [Elisa CARRIO]; Federal Recreate Movement or RECREAR [Ricardo LOPEZ MURPHY]; Front for a Country in Solidarity or Frepaso (a four-party coalition) [Dario Pedro ALESSANDRO]; Interbloque Federal or IF (a broad coalition of approximately 12 parties including RECREAR) [leader NA]; Justicialist Party or PJ (Peronist umbrella political organization) [leader NA]; Radical Civic Union or UCR [Angel ROZAS]; Socialist Party or PS [Ruben GIUSTINIANI]; Union For All [Patricia BULLRICH]; several provincial parties
Armenia Agro-Industrial Party [Vladimir BADALIAN]; Armenia Party [Myasnik MALKHASYAN]; Armenian National Movement or ANM [Alex ARZUMANYAN, chairman]; Armenian Ramkavar Liberal Party or HRAK [Harutyun MIRZAKHANYAN, chairman]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation ("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Vahan HOVHANISSIAN]; Democratic Party [Aram SARKISYAN]; Justice Bloc (comprised of the Democratic Party, National Democratic Party, National Democratic Union, and the People's Party) [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; National Democratic Party [Shavarsh KOCHARIAN]; National Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN]; National Unity Party [Artashes GEGAMIAN, chairman]; People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republic Party [Albert BAZEYAN and Aram SARKISYAN, chairmen]; Republican Party or RPA [Andranik MARKARYAN]; Rule of Law Party [Artur BAGDASARIAN, chairman]; Union of Constitutional Rights [Hrant KHACHATURYAN]; United Labor Party [Gurgen ARSENIAN]
Aruba Aliansa/Aruban Social Movement or MSA [Robert WEVER]; Aruban Liberal Organization or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban Patriotic Movement or MPA [Monica ARENDS-KOCK]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Mike EMAN]; People's Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]; Real Democracy or PDR [Andin BIKKER]; RED [Rudy LAMPE]; Workers Political Platform or PTT [Gregorio WOLFF]
Australia Australian Democrats [Lyn ALLISON]; Australian Labor Party [Kim BEAZLEY]; Australian Progressive Alliance [Meg LEES]; Australian Greens [Bob BROWN]; Liberal Party [John Winston HOWARD]; The Nationals [Mark VAILE]; One Nation Party [Len HARRIS]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]
Austria Alliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Joerg HAIDER]; Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Wolfgang SCHUESSEL]; Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]; Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Alfred GUSENBAUER]; The Greens [Alexander VAN DER BELLEN]
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Popular Front or APF [Ali KARIMLI, leader of "Reform" faction; Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU, leader of "Classic" faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; Civic Union Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA [Ramiz AHMADOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Party for Azerbaijan or DPA [Rasul QULIYEV, chairman]; Justice Party [Ilyas ISMAILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala Shovkat HACIYEVA]; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; New Azerbaijan Party or NAP [vacant]; Party for National Independence of Azerbaijan or PNIA [Etibar MAMMADLI, chairman]; Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV] note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
Bahamas, The Free National Movement or FNM [Tommy TURNQUEST]; Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
Bahrain political parties prohibited but politically oriented societies are allowed
Bangladesh Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh Communist Party or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIA, chairperson]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [Mufti Fazlul Haq AMINI]; Jamaat-e-Islami or JI [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI]; Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]; Jatiya Party (Manzur faction) [Naziur Rahman MANZUR]
Barbados Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Clyde Mascoll]
Belarus Pro-government parties: Agrarian Party or AP [leader NA]; Belarusian Communist Party or KPB [leader NA]; Belarusian Patriotic Movement (Belarusian Patriotic Party) or BPR [Anatoliy BARANKEVICH, chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus [Sergei GAYDUKEVICH]; Social-Sports Party [leader NA]; Opposition parties: Belarusian Popular Front or BNF [Vintsuk VYACHORKA]; Belarusian Social-Democrat Party Narodnaya Gromada or BSDP NG [Nikolay STATKEVICH, chairman]; Belarusian Social-Democratic Party Hromada [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH, chairman]; United Civic Party or UCP [Anatol LEBEDKO]; Party of Communists Belarusian or PKB [Sergei KALYAKIN, chairman]; Women's Party "Nadezhda" [Valentina MATUSEVICH, chairperson] note: the opposition Belarusian Party of Labor [Aleksandr BUKHVOSTOV] was liquidated in August 2004, but remains active
Belgium Flemish parties: Christian Democrats and Flemish or CD & V [Jo VANDEURZEN]; Flemish Liberal Democrats or VLD [Bart SOMERS]; GROEN! (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens) [Vera DUA]; New Flemish Alliance or NVA [Bart DE WEVER]; Socialist Party.Alternative or SP.A [Caroline GENNEZ]; Spirit [Geert LAMBERT] (new party now associated with SP.A); Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Frank VANHECKE] Francophone parties: Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Michel JAVAUX, Evelyne HUYTEBROECK, Claude BROUIR]; Humanist and Democratic Center of CDH [Joelle MILQUET]; National Front or FN [Daniel FERET]; Reformist Movement or MR [Didier REYNDERS]; Socialist Party or PS [Elio DI RUPO]; other minor parties
Belize People's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean BARROW, party leader; Douglas SINGH, party chairman]
Benin African Congress for Renewal or DUNYA [Saka SALEY]; African Movement for Democracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]; Alliance of the Social Democratic Party or PSD [Bruno AMOUSSOU]; Coalition of Democratic Forces [Gatien HOUNGBEDJI]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Front for Renewal and Development or FARD-ALAFIA [Jerome Sakia KINA]; Impulse for Progress and Democracy or IPD [Bertin BORNA]; Key Force or FC [leader NA]; Presidential Movement (UBF, MADEP, FC, IDP, and four small parties); Renaissance Party du Benin or PRB [Nicephore SOGLO]; The Star Alliance (Alliance E'toile) [Sacca LAFIA]; Union of Tomorrow's Benin or UBF [Bruno AMOUSSOU] note: approximately 20 additional minor parties
Bermuda Progressive Labor Party or PLP [William Alexander SCOTT]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Grant GIBBONS]
Bhutan no legal parties
Bolivia Bolivian Socialist Falange or FSB [Romel PANTOJA]; Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Franz BARRIOS]; Marshal of Ayacucho Institutional Vanguard or VIMA [Freddy ZABALA]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Evo MORALES]; Movement Without Fear or MSM [Juan DEL GRANADO]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [leader NA]; New Republican Force or NFR [Manfred REYES-VILLA]; Pachakuti Indigenous Movement or MIP [Felipe QUISPE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jeres JUSTINIANO]
Bosnia and Herzegovina Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC]; Civic Democratic Party or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BH [Barisa COLAK]; Croat Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Mijo IVANIC-LONIC]; Croat Party of Rights or HSP [Zdravko HRISTIC]; Croat Peasants Party or HSS [Marko TADIC]; Democratic National Union or DNZ [Fikret ABDIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC]; New Croat Initiative or NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina or SBiH [Safet HALILOVIC]; Party of Democratic Action or SDA [Sulejman TIHIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Mladen IVANIC]; Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Dragan CAVIC - acting]; Serb Radical Party of the Republika Srpska or SRS-RS [Milanko MIHAJLICA]; Serb Radical Party-Dr. Vojislav Seselj or SRS-VS [Radislav KANJERIC]; Social Democratic Party of BIH or SDP [Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; Social Democratic Union or SDU [Miro LAZOVIC]; Socialist Party of Republika Srpska or SPRS [Petar DJOKIC]
Botswana Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus G. MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Otlaadisa KOOSALETSE]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO] note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
Brazil Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Federal Deputy Michel TEMER]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Federal Deputy Roberto JEFFERSON]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Senator Eduardo AZAREDO]; Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Federal Deputy Miguel ARRAES]; Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Renato RABELO]; Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos LUPI]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Pedro Miguel SANTANA LOPES]; Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz de Franca PENNA]; Liberal Front Party or PFL [Senator Jorge BORNHAUSEN]; Liberal Party or PL [Federal Deputy Valdemar COSTA Neto]; National Order Reconstruction Party or PRONA [Federal Deputy Dr. Eneas CARNEIRO]; Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Federal Deputy Roberto FREIRE]; Progressive Party or PP [Federal Deputy Pedro CORREA]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge ABDALA NOSSEIS]; Worker's Party or PT [Jose GENOINO]
British Virgin Islands Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Ethlyn SMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; United Party or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T. O'NEAL]
Brunei National Development Party (NDP) [Yassin AFFENDI]; National Unity Party of Brunei (PPKB) [leader NA]; People's Awareness Party (PAKAR) [leader NA] note: parties are small and inactive (2005)
Bulgaria Attack National Union [Volen Siderov]; ATAKA (Attack Coalition) (coalition of parties headed by the Attack National Union); Bulgarian Agrarian National Union-People's Union or BANU [Anastasia MOZER]; Bulgarian People's Union or BPU (coalition of UFD, IMRO, and BANU); Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV]; Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB (coalition of parties dominated by BSP) [Sergei STANISHEV]; Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or IMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]; Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Ahmed DOGAN]; National Movement for Simeon II or NMS2 [Simeon SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA]; New Time [Emil KOSHLUKOV]; Union of Democratic Forces or UDF [Nadezhda MIKHAYLOVA]; Union of Free Democrats or UFD [Stefan SOFIYANSKI]; United Democratic Forces or UtDF (a coalition of center-right parties dominated by UDF)
Burkina Faso African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and Federation or RDA-ADF [Herman YAMEOGO]; Confederation for Federation and Democracy or CFD [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Joseph KI-ZERBO]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union of Greens for the Development of Burkina Faso or UVDB [Ram OVEDRAGO]
Burma National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman, AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP (pro-government) [THA KYAW]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [KHUN HTUN OO]; and other smaller parties
Burundi the three national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Jean-Baptiste MANWANGARI, secretary general]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy, Front for the Defense of Democracy of CNDD-FDD [Pierre NKURUNZIZA, president] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
Cambodia Cambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People's Party) or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM Ranariddh]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]
Cameroon Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]
Canada Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada (a merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party) [Stephen HARPER]; Green Party [Jim HARRIS]; Liberal Party [Paul MARTIN]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]
Cape Verde African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Isaias RODRIGUES, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]
Cayman Islands no national teams (loose groupings of political organizations) were formed for the 2000 elections; United Democratic Party or UDP [leader McKeeva BUSH]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [leader Kurt TIBBETTS]
Central African Republic Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC [Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [the party of deposed president, Ange-Felix PATASSE]; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]
Chad Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarlejy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Mamadou BISSO]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]; Viva Rally for Development and Progress or Viva RNDP [Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]
Chile Alliance for Chile ("Alianza") or APC (including National Renewal or RN [Sebastian PINERA] and Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Pablo LONGUEIRA]); Coalition of Parties for Democracy ("Concertacion") or CPD (including Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Adolfo ZALDIVAR], Socialist Party or PS [Gonzalo MARTNER], Party for Democracy or PPD [Victor BARRUETO], Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Orlando CANTUARIAS]); Communist Party or PC [Gladys MARIN]
China Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao, General Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
Christmas Island none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands none
Colombia Colombian Communist Party or PCC [Jaime CAICEDO]; Conservative Party or PSC [Carlos HOLGUIN Sardi]; Democratic Pole or PDI [Samuel MORENO Rojas]; Liberal Party or PL [Juan Fernando CRISTO] note: Colombia has about 60 formally recognized political parties, most of which do not have a presence in either house of Congress
Comoros Forces pour l'Action Republicaine or FAR [Col. Abdourazak ABDULHAMID]; Forum pour la Redressement National or FRN (alliance of 12 parties); Front Democratique or FD [Moustoifa Said CHEIKH]; Front National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [Ahmed RACHID]; Movement des Citoyens pour la Republique or MCR [Mahamoud MRADABI]; Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais or MPA (Anjouan separatist movement) [leader NA]; Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Movement pour le Socialisme et la Democratie or MSD (splinter group of FD) [Abdou SOEFOU]; Parti Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of the government) [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Democratic Social Christian Party or PDSC [Andre BO-BOLIKO]; Forces for Renovation for Union and Solidarity or FONUS [Joseph OLENGHANKOY]; National Congolese Lumumbist Movement or MNC [Francois LUMUMBA]; Popular Movement of the Revolution or MPR (three factions: MPR-Fait Prive [Catherine NZUZI wa Mbombo]; MPR/Vunduawe [Felix VUNDUAWE]; MPR/Mananga [MANANGA Dintoka Mpholo]); Unified Lumumbast Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba]; Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans or UFERI (two factions: UFERI [Lokambo OMOKOKO]; UFERI/OR [Adolph Kishwe MAYA])
Congo, Republic of the the most important of the many parties are the Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP (an alliance of Convention for Alternative Democracy, Congolese Labor Party or PCT, Liberal Republican Party, National Union for Democracy and Progress, Patriotic Union for the National Reconstruction, and Union for the National Renewal) [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president]; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic or RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR [leader NA]; Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Sebastian EBAO]
Cook Islands Cook Islands People's Party or CIP [Geoffrey HENRY]; Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Terepai MAOATE]; New Alliance Party or NAP [Norman GEORGE]; Cook Islands National Party or CIN [Teariki HEATHER]; Demo Party Tumu [Robert WOONTON]
Costa Rica Authentic Member from Heredia [Jose SALAS]; Citizen Action Party or PAC [Otton SOLIS]; Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Justo OROZCO]; Democratic Force Party or PFD [Juan Carlos CHAVES Mora]; Democratic National Alliance [Emilia RODRIGUEZ]; General Union Party or PUGEN [Carlos Alberto FERNANDEZ Vega]; Homeland First [Juan Jose VARGAS]; Independent Worker Party or PIO [Jose Alberto CUBERO Carmona]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National Christian Alliance Party or ANC [Victor GONZALEZ]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; National Liberation Party or PLN [Francisco Antonio PACHECO]; National Patriotic Party or PPN [Daniel Enrique REYNOLDS Vargas]; National Rescue Party or PRN [Carlos VARGAS Solano]; Patriotic Union [Humberto ARCE]; Popular Vanguard [Trino BARRANTES Araya]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Lorena VASQUEZ Badilla]
Cote d'Ivoire Citizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Eg Theodore MEL]; Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally or PDCI-RDA [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Laurent GBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace or UDPCI [Paul Akoto YAO]; over 20 smaller parties
Croatia Croatian Bloc or HB [Ivic PASALIC]; Croatian Christian Democratic Union or HKDU [Anto KOVACEVIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Anto DJAPIC]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Zlatko TOMCIC]; Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Vladimir JORDAN]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC] (in 2005 party merged with Libra to become Croatian People's Party-Liberal Democrats or NS-LD [Vesna PUSIC]); Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Ivan CEHOK]; Croatian True Revival Party or HIP [Miroslav TUDJMAN]; Democratic Centre or DC [Vesna SKARE-OZBOLT]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Liberal Party or LS [Zlatko BENASIC]; Party of Liberal Democrats or Libra [Jozo RADOS] (in 2005 merged with HNS); Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN]
Cuba only party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: Democratic Party or DIKO [Tassos PAPADOPOULOS]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS]; Fighting Democratic Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green Party of Cyprus [George PERDIKIS]; New Horizons [Nikolaus KOUTSOU]; Restorative Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS]; Social Democrats Movement or KISOS (formerly United Democratic Union of Cyprus or EDEK) [Yiannakis OMIROU]; United Democrats Movement or EDE [George VASSILIOU]; north Cyprus: Democratic Party or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; National Birth Party or UDP [Enver EMIN]; National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis EROGLU]; Our Party or BP [Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic Unity Movement or YBH [Alpay DURDURAN]; Peace and Democratic Movement [Mustafa AKINCI]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Mehmet ALI TALAT]
Czech Republic Caucus SNK [Josef ZOSER]; Christian and Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Miroslav KALOUSEK, chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance or ODA [Jirina NOVAKOVA, chairman]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Czechoslovakia or KSC [Miroslav STEPAN, chairman]; Czech National Social Party of CSNS [Jaroslav ROVNY, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Stanislav GROSS, acting chairman]; European Democrats [Jan KASL]; Freedom Union-Democratic Union or US-DEU [Hana Marvanova, chairwoman]; Open Democracy [Sona PAUKRTOVA, chairwoman]
Denmark Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian Democrats (was Christian People's Party) [Marianne KARLSMOSE]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Social Democratic Party [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Soren BALD, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]
Djibouti Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GUELLEH]; Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED]; Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [leader NA]
Dominica Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; United Workers Party or UWP [Edison JAMES]
Dominican Republic Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Vicente Sanchez BARET]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Enrique ATUN]
East Timor Associacao Social-Democrata Timorense or ASDT [Francisco Xavier do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic Party of Timor or PDC [Antonio XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union of Timor or UDC [Vicente da Silva GUTERRES]; Democratic Party or PD [Fernando de ARAUJO]; Liberal Party or PL [leader NA]; Maubere Democratic Party or PDM [leader NA]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER]; Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor or FRETILIN [Lu OLO]; Social Democrat Party of East Timor or PSD [Mario CARRASCALAO]; Socialist Party of Timor or PST [leader Avelino COELHO]; Sons of the Mountain Warriors (also known as Association of Timorese Heroes) or KOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL]; Timor Democratic Union or UDT [Joao CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or PTT [Paulo Freitas DA SILVA]; Timorese Nationalist Party or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]; Timorese Popular Democratic Association or APODETI [Frederico Almeida-Santos DA COSTA]
Ecuador Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM]; Democratic Left or ID [Guillermo LANDAZURI]; National Action Institutional Renewal Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; Pachakutik Movement [Gilberto TALAHUA]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan Manuel FUERTES]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo TERAN Acosta]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Leon FEBRES CORDERO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front or PS-FA [Victor GRANDA]
Egypt Al-Ahrar Party [Helmi SALEM]; Nasserist Arab Democratic Party or Nasserists [Dia' al-din DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (governing party)]; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu [Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [No'man GOMAA] note: formation of political parties must be approved by the government
El Salvador Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; Democratic Convergence or CD (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO]
Equatorial Guinea Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Placido MIKO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE (ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO]; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP [Andres Moises Bda ADA]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP [Victorino Bolekia BONAY]; Union of Independent Democrats of UDI [Daniel OYONO]
Eritrea People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the only party recognized by the government [ISAIAS Afworki]; note - a National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in January 2001, but the full National Assembly has not yet debated or voted on it
Estonia Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR, chairman]; Estonian People's Union (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN, chairman]; Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]; Estonian United Russian People's Party or EUVRP [Yevgeniy TOMBERG, chairman]; Pro Patria Union (Isamaaliit) [Tunne KELAM, chairman]; Res Publica [Juhan PARTS, chairman]; Social Democratic Party (formerly People's Party Moodukad or Moderates) [Ivari PADAR, chairman]; Social Liberals (group of 8 parliamentarians, former Center Party members) [Peeter Kreitzberg]
Ethiopia Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [Mulualem BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democracy or CUD [HAILU Shawil]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of ANDM, OPDO, SEPDF, and TPLF); Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; United Ethopian Democratic Forces or UEDF [MERARA Gudina]; dozens of small parties
European Union Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Graham R. WATSON]; Independence/Democracy Group or IND/DEM [Jens-Peter BONDE and Nigel FARAGE]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Monica FRASSONI and Daniel Marc COHN-BENDIT]; Socialist Group in the European Parliament or PES [Martin SCHULZ]; Confederal Group of the European United Left-Nordic Green Left or EUL/NGL [Francis WURTZ]; European People's Party-European Democrats or EPP-ED [Hans-Gert POETTERING]; Union for Europe of the Nations Group or UEN [Brian CROWLEY and Cristiana MUSCARDINI]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none; all independents
Faroe Islands Center Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Independence Party [Kari P. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Anfinn KALLSBERG]; Republican Party [Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; Union Party [Kaj Oeo JOHANNESEN]
Fiji Bai Kei Viti Party or BKV [Ratu Tevita MOMOEDONU]; Conservative Alliance Party/Matanitu Vanua or MV [Ratu Rakuita VAKALALABURE]; Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic Party or FDP [Felipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or FAP [Adi Kuini SPEED], Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [Felipe BOLE], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Tupeni BABA]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDRHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP [leader NA] (became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP [leader NA]; Justice and Freedom Party or AIM [leader NA]; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR [leader NA]; National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE]; Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of National Unity or PANU [Meli BOGILEKA]; Party of the Truth or POTT [leader NA]; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United General Party or UGP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]
Finland Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; Left Alliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Jan-Erik ENESTAM]
France Citizen and Republican Movement or MCR [Jean Pierre CHEVENEMENT]; Democratic and European Social Rally or RDSE (mainly Radical Republican and Socialist Parties, and PRG) [Jacques PELLETIER]; French Communist Party or PCF [Marie-George BUFFET]; Left Radical Party or PRG (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG) [Jean-Michel BAYLET]; Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS]; National Front or NF [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA]; Socialist Party or PS [Francois HOLLANDE]; Greens [Yann WEHRLING, national secretary]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Francois BAYROU]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (including RPR, DL, and a part of UDF) [Nicolas SARKOZY]
French Guiana Guyanese Democratic Action or ADG [Andre LECANTE]; Guyanese Socialist Party or PSG [Marie-Claude VERDAN]; Guyana Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Popular National Guyanese Party or PNPG [Jose DORCY]; Socialist Party or PS [Paul DEBRIETTE]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (includes RPR) [Muriel ICARE]; Walwari Committee (aligned with the PRG in France) [Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON]
French Polynesia Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic of Polynesia or RPR (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; The New Star (Te Fetia Api) [Philippe SHYLE]; This Country is Yours (No Oe E Te Nunaa) [Nicle BOUTEAU]; Union for Democracy or UPD [Oscar TEMARU]
Gabon Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface ASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules Aristide Bourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG, former sole party [Simplice Nguedet MANZELA]; Gabonese Party for Progress or PGP [Pierre-Louis AGONDJO-OKAWE]; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon or RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Pierre EMBONI]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy and Social Integration or UDIS [leader NA]; Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]
Gambia, The Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC - the ruling party [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambian People's Party-Progressive People's Party-United Democratic Party or GPP-PPP-UDP Coalition [Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA] note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowed the reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties banned since 1996
Georgia Burjanadze-Democrats [Nino BURJANADZE]; Georgian People's Front [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG [Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor Party [Shalva NATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA]; National Movement Democratic Front [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI] bloc composed of National Movement and Burjanadze-Democrats; National Movement [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI]; New Right [David GAMKRELIDZE]; Republican Party [David BERDZENISHVILI]; Rightist Opposition [David GAMKRELIDZE] bloc composed of Industrialists and New Right Party; Socialist Party or SPG [Irakli MINDELI]; Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI]; Union of National Forces-Conservatives [Koba DAVITASHVILI and Zviad DZIDZIGURI]
Germany Alliance '90/Greens [Angelika BEER and Reinhard BUETIKOFER]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social Union or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [Guido WESTERWELLE, chairman]; Left Party or PDS/WASG [Oskar LAFONTAINE and Gregor GYSI]; Party of Democratic Socialism or PDS [Lothar BISKY]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Franz MUENTEFERING]
Ghana Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]
Gibraltar Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Greece Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [Alekos ALAVANOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; New Democracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS]; Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU]; Popular Orthodox Rally [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]
Greenland Atassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark) [Augusta SALLING]; Demokratiit [Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood, a leftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (Polar Party) [Nicolai HEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, an independent right-of-center party with no official platform [leader NA]; Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark) [Hans ENOKSEN]
Grenada Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]; People Labor Movement or PLM [Dr. Francis ALEXIS]
Guadeloupe Communist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Mona CADOCE]; FGPS [Dominique LARIFLA]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Flavien FERRANT]; Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri BANGOU]; Socialist Party or PS [Marlene MELISSE and Favrot DAVRAIN]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Marcel ESDRAS]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (including RPR) [Robert JOYEUX]
Guam Democratic Party [leader Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party (controls the legislature) [leader Philip J. FLORES]
Guatemala Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER]; Democratic Union or UD [Rodolfo PAIZ Andrade]; Grand National Alliance or GANA [Oscar BERGER Perdomo]; Green Party or LOV [Rodolfo ROSALES Garcis-Salaz]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Alba ESTELA Maldonado, secretary general]; Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement for Guatemalan Unity or MGU [Jacobo ARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement for Principals and Values or MPV [Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN [Leonel LOPEZ Rodas, secretary general]; National Unity for Hope or UNE [Alvarado COLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN (formed by an alliance of DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most of whom subsequently defected) [led by three co-equal partners - Nineth Varenca MONTENEGRO Cottom, Rodolfo BAUER Paiz, and Jorge Antonio BALSELLS TUT]; Patriot Party or PP [retired General Otto PEREZ Molina]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES Molina]; Reform Movement or MR [Alfredo SKINNER-KLEE, secretary general]; Unionista Party [leader NA]
Guernsey none; all independents
Guinea Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally or PDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union for Progress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP [Lansana CONTE] - the governing party; People's Party of Guinea or PPG [Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Mamadou BA]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Siradiou DIALLO]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]
Guinea-Bissau African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY]; Guinea-Bissau Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder Vaz LOPES]; Guinean Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES]; International League for Ecological Protection or LIPE [Alhaje Bubacar DJALO, president]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Abubacer BALDE, secretary general]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr. Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Platform or UP [coalition formed by PCD, FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB]; United Social Democratic Party or PUSD [Francisco Jose FADUL]
Guyana Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or GLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA) [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP [leader NA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
Haiti Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH [Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Ayiti Kapab [Ernst VERDIEU]; Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM [Victor BENOIT]; Nationalist Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA [Serge GILLES]; Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti or MODELH [Francois LATORTUE]; Grand Center Right Front coalition (composed of MDN, MRN, and PDCH) [Hubert de RONCERAY, Jean BUTEAU, Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEMH [Clark PARENT]; Haitian Democratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Lavalas Family or FL [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Michael MADSEN]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRON [Guy PHILIPPE]; National Progressive Democratic Party or PNDPH [Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate Party (Parti Louvri Bayre) or PLB [leader NA]; Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti, or Generation 2000 [Claude ROMAIN and Daniel SUPPLICE]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; MNP28 [Dejean BELIZAIRE]; KOMBA [Evans LESCOUFLAIR]
Holy See (Vatican City) none
Honduras Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Juan Ramon VELAZQUEZ Nassar]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Matias FUNES]; Liberal Party or PL [Roberto MICHELETTI Bain]; National Innovation and Unity Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban F. VALLADARES]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Jose Celin DISCUA Elvir]; United Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH
Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL [Frederick FUNG Kin-kee, chairman]; Citizens Party [Alex CHAN Kai-chung]; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong or DAB [MA Lik, chairman]; Democratic Party [LEE Wing-tat, chairman]; Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing, chairwoman]; Liberal Party [James TIEN Pei-chun, chairman] note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood, Democratic Party, Frontier Party; pro-Beijing - Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Progressive Alliance, Liberal Party
Hungary Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE]; Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]
Iceland Independence Party or IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-Green Alliance or LGP [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Gudjon KRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; Social Democratic Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List) or SDA [Ingibjorg Solrun GISLADOTTIR]
India All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [C. Jayalalitha JAYARAM]; All India Forward Bloc or AIFB, [Debabrata BISWAS]; Asom Gana Parishad [Brindaban GOSWAMI]; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Lal Krishna ADVANI]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI (M) Hakishan Singh SURJEET]; Congress (I) Party [Sonia GANDHI]; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK (a regional party in Tamil Nadu) [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Indian National League [Suliaman SAITH]; Janata Dal (Secular) [H. D. Deve GOWDA]; Janata Dal (United) or JDU [Sharad YADAV]; Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [leader NA]; Kerala Congress (Mani faction) [K. M. MANI]; Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP [leader NA]; Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [VAIKO]; Muslim League [G. M. BANATWALA]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK [leader NA]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Revolutionary Socialist Party or RSP [Abani ROY]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [G. S. TOHRA]; Shiv Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY]; Tamil Maanila Congress [G. K. VASAN]; Telangana Rashtra Samithi or TRS [leader NA]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]; Trinamool Congress [Mamata BANERJEE]
Indonesia Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA, chairman]; Democratic Party or PD [Subur BUDHISANTOSO, chairman]; Functional Groups Party or Golkar [Yusuf KALLA, chairman]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri, chairperson]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB, chairman]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien RAIS, chairman]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [MAHFUD, acting chairman]; United Development Party or PPP [Hamzah HAZ, chairman]
Iran formal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon in Iran and most conservatives still prefer to work through political pressure groups rather than parties; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd Khordad front, which includes political parties as well as less formal pressure groups and organizations, achieved considerable success at elections to the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition include: Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF); Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran); Solidarity Party; Islamic Labor Party; Mardom Salari; Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (MIRO); and Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); the coalition participated in the seventh Majles elections in early 2004; a new apparently conservative group, the Builders of Islamic Iran, took a leading position in the new Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February 2004
Iraq Al-Sadr Movement [Muqtada Al-SADR]; Constitutional Monarchy Movement or CMM [Sharif Ali Bin al-HUSAYN]; Da'wa Party [Ibrahim al-JA'FARI]; Independent Iraqi Alliance or IIA [Falah al-NAQIB]; Iraqi Hizballah [Karim Mahud al-MUHAMMADAWI]; Iraqi Independent Democrats or IID [Adnan PACHACHI, Mahdi al-HAFIZ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP [Muhsin Abd al-HAMID, Hajim al-HASSANI]; Iraqi National Accord or INA [Ayad ALLAWI]; Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI]; Iraqi National Unity Movement or INUM [Ahmad al-KUBAYSI, chairman]; Jama'at al Fadilah or JAF [Ayatollah Muhammad ' Ali al-YAQUBI]; Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masud BARZANI]; Muslim Ulama Council or MUC [Harith Sulayman al-DARI, secretary general]; Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI] note: the Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan, the Iraqi List, and the United Iraqi Alliance were only electoral slates consisting of the representatives from the various Iraqi political parties
Ireland Fianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; Green Party [Trevor SARGENT]; Labor Party [Pat RABITTE]; Progressive Democrats [Mary HARNEY]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND]
Israel Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash) [Muhammad BARAKA]; Green Leaf Party (no longer active) [Boaz WACHTEL and Shlomi SANDAK]; Herut (no longer active) [Michael KLEINER]; Labor Party [Shimon PERES]; Likud Party [Ariel SHARON]; Meretz (merged with YAHAD) [Zahava GALON]; National Democratic Assembly (Balad) [Azmi BISHARA]; National Religious Party [Ephraim "Efie" EITAM]; National Union (Haichud Haleumi) [Avigdor LIBERMAN] (includes Tekuma Moledet and Yisra'el Beiteinu); One Nation [David TAL]; Shas [Eliyahu YISHAI]; Shinui [Yosef "Tommy" LAPID]; United Arab List [Abd al-Malik DAHAMSHAH]; United Torah Judaism [Yaakov LITZMAN]; YAHAD [Yossi BEILIN]; Yisra'el Ba'Aliya or YBA (merged with Likud) [Natan SHARANSKY]
Italy Center-Left Olive Tree Coalition [Francesco RUTELLI] - Democrats of the Left, Daisy Alliance (including Italian Popular Party, Italian Renewal, Union of Democrats for Europe, The Democrats), Sunflower Alliance (including Green Federation, Italian Democratic Socialists), Italian Communist Party; Center-Right Freedom House Coalition [Silvio BERLUSCONI] (formerly House of Liberties and Freedom Alliance) - Forza Italia, National Alliance, The Whiteflower Alliance (includes Christian Democratic Center, United Christian Democrats), Northern League; Democrats of the Left or DS [Piero FASSINO]; Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; Green Federation [Alfonso Pecoraro SCANIO]; Italian Communist Party or PdCI [Armando COSSUTTA]; Italian Renewal or RI [Lamberto DINI]; merged with PPI and I Democratici to form La Margherita (or The Daisy Alliance); Italian Social Democrats or SDI [Enrico BOSELLI]; Lega Padana [Roberto BERNARDELLI]; National Alliance or AN [Gianfranco FINI]; Northern League or NL [Umberto BOSSI]; Per le Autonomie [leader NA]; Socialist Movement-Tricolor Flame or MS-Fiamma [Luca ROMAGNOLI]; South Tyrol People's Party or SVP (German speakers) [Elmar Pichler ROLLE]; Sunflower Alliance (includes Green Federation, Italian Social Democrats); The Daisy Alliance (includes Italian Popular Party, Italian Renewal, Union of Democrats for Europe, The Democrats) [Francesco RUTELLI]; The Democrats [Arturo PARISI]; The Radicals (formerly Pannella Reformers and Autonomous List) [Marco PANNELLA]; Union of Democrats for Europe or UDEUR [Clemente MASTELLA]; Union of Christian and Center Democrats or UDC [Marco FOLLINI]
Jamaica Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Bruce GOLDING]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Hyacinth BENNETT]; People's National Party or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON]
Japan Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Seiji MAEHARA, leader; Yukio HATOYAMA, secretary general]; Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII, chairman; Tadayoshi ICHIDA, secretary general]; Komeito [Takenori KANZAKI, president; Tetsuzo FUYUSHIBA, secretary general]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Junichiro KOIZUMI, president; Tsutomu TAKEBE, secretary general]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA, chairperson; Seiji MATAICHI, secretary general]
Jersey none; all independents
Jordan Al-Ajyal [Muhammad KHALAYLEH, secretary general]; Al-Umma (Nation) Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general]; Arab Land Party [Dr. Ayishah Salih HIJAZAYN, secretary general]; Ba'th Arab Progressive Party [Fu'ad DABBUR, secretary general]; Communist Party [Munir HAMARINAH, secretary general]; Constitutional National Party [Ahmad al-SHUNNAQ, secretary general; Democratic Arab Islamic Movement [Yusuf ABU BAKR, president]; Green Party [Muhammad BATAYNEH, secretary general]; Islamic Action Front [Hazma MANSOUR, secretary general]; Islamic al-Walsat Party [Marwan al-FAURI], secretary general; Jordanian Democratic Left Party [Musa MA'AYTEH, secretary general]; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id Dhiyab Ali MUSTAFA, secretary general]; Jordanian People's Democratic (Hashd) Party [Ahmad YUSUF, secretary general]; Jordanian Progressive Party [Fawwaz al-ZUBI, secretary general]; Labor Party [Dr. Mazin Sulayman Jiryis HANNA, secretary general]; Muslim Centrist Party [leader NA]; National Action (Haqq) Party [Tariq al-KAYYALI, secretary general]; National Constitutional Party [Abdul Hadi MAJALI, secretary general]; National Movement for Direct Democracy [Mahmud al-NUWAYHI, secretary general]; Pan-Arab (Democratic) Movement [Mahmud al-NUWAYHI, secretary general]; (Arab) Socialist Ba'th Party [Taysir al-HIMSI, secretary general]
Kazakhstan Agrarian Party [Romin MADINOV]; Ak Zhol Party "Bright Path" [Bulat ABILOV, Uraz ZHANDOSOV, Lyudmila ZHULANOVA, Alikhan BAYMENOV, Altynbek SARSENBAYEV, co-chairs]; ASAR "All Together" [Dariga NAZARBAYEVA, chairwoman]; AUL "Village" [Gani KALIYEV]; Civic Party [Azat PERUASHEV, first secretary]; Communist Party or KPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN, first secretary]; Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV]; Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Maksut NARIKBAEV]; Otan "Fatherland" [Bakhytzhan ZHUMAGULOV, acting chairman]; Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV]; Rukhaniyat [Altynshash JAGANOVA]
Kenya Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] - the governing party
Kiribati Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG] note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Korea, North major party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong Il, general secretary]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong, chairwoman] (under KWP control); Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae, chairman] (under KWP control)
Korea, South Democratic Labor Party or DLP [KIM Hye-kyung, chairwoman]; Democratic Party or DP [HAHN Hwa-kap, chairman]; Grand National Party or GNP [PARK Geun-hye, chairwoman]; United Liberal Democrats or ULD [KIM Hak-won, chairman]; Uri Party [MOON Hee-sang, chairman]
Kuwait none; formation of political parties is illegal
Kyrgyzstan Adilet (Justice) Party [Toychubek KASYMOV]; Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan [Erkin ALIYEV]; Alga, Kyrgyzstan (Forward, Kyrgyzstan) [Bolot BEGALIYEV]; Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Emil ALIYEV]; Asaba (Banner National Revival Party) [Azimbek BEKNAZAROV]; Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan [Klara ADZHIBEKOVA]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party [Bektur ASANOV]; Erkindik (Freedom) Party [Topchubek TURGUNALIYEV]; Future of Kyrgyzstan [Balbak TULEBAYEV]; Jany Kyrgyzstan (New Kyrgyzstan) [Dosbol NUR UULU]; Kairan El [Dooronbek SADYKOV]; Kyrgyz National Party [Bakyt BESHIMOV]; Kyrgyzstan Kelechegi [Ruslan CHYNYBAYEV]; Manas El (Party of Spiritual Restoration) [Chingiz AITMATOV]; Moya Strana (My Country Party of Action) [Joomart OTORBAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Bakytbek BEKBOYEV]; Party of Justice and Progress [Muratbek IMANALIEV]; Party of Peasants [Esengul ISAKOV]
Laos Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [KHAMTAI Siphadon, party president]; other parties proscribed
Latvia First Party of Latvia or LPP [Juris LUJANS]; For Human Rights in a United Latvia or PCTVL [Tatjana ZDANOKA, Jakovs PLINERS]; For the Fatherland and Freedom/Latvian National Independence Movement or TB/LNNK [Janis STRAUME]; Harmony Center or SC [Sergejs DOLGOPOLOVS]; Latvian Green Party or LZP [Indulis EMSIS, Viesturs SILENIEKS, Raimonds VEJONIS]; Latvian Farmer's Union or LZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS]; Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party (Social Democrats) or LSDSP [Juris BOJARS]; Latvian Socialist Party or LSP [Alfreds RUBIKS]; Latvia's Way or LC [Ivars GODMANIS]; New Democrats or JD [Maris GULBIS]; New Era Party or JL [Einars REPSE]; People's Harmony Party or TSP [Aivars DATAVS]; People's Party or TP [Atis SLAKTERIS]; Social Democratic Union or SDS [Egils BALDZENS]
Lebanon Ba'th Party [leader NA]; Democratic Gathering [Walid JUNBLATT]; Democratic Left [leader NA]; Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BARRI, Amal leader/speaker]; Free Patriotic Movement [Michel AWN]; Future Movement Bloc [Sa'ad HARIRI]; Kataeb Party [leader NA]; Kataeb Reform Movement [leader NA]; Lebanese Forces [leader NA]; Loyalty to the Resistance [Mohammad RA'AD]; Nasserite Popular Movement [leader NA]; Popular Bloc [leader NA]; Qornet Shewan [leader NA]; Syrian National Socialist Party [leader NA]; Tripoli Independent Bloc [leader NA]
Lesotho Basotholand African Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE]; Basotholand Congress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Pakalitha MOSISILI] - the governing party; Lesotho People's Congress or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; Lesotho Workers Party of LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Independent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Chief Peete Nkoebe PEETE]; Popular Front for Democracy or PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]; Sefate Democratic Party or SDP [Bofihla NKUEBE]
Liberia Alliance of Political Parties (a coalition of LAP and LUP) [leader NA]; All Liberia Coalition Party or ALCOP [Peter KERBAY]; Liberian Action Party or LAP [C. Gyude BRYANT]; Liberian People's Party or LPP [Koffa NAGBE]; Liberia Unification Party or LUP [leader NA]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN] - governing party; United People's Party or UPP [Wesley JOHNSON]; Unity Party or UP [Charles CLARKE]
Libya none
Liechtenstein Patriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Elisabeth TELLENBACH-FRICK, Adolf RITTER]
Lithuania Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS [Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Labor Party [Viktor USPASKICH, chairman]; Liberal and Center Union [Arturas ZUOKAS, chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party [Valentinas MAZURONIS, chairman]; Lithuanian Christian Democrats or LKD [Valentinas STUNDYS, chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union for a Fair Lithuania; Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party or LDDP and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP; New Democracy and Farmer's Union or VNDPS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman]; Social Liberals (New Union) [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Union of Christian Conservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman]; Young Lithuania and New Nationalists
Luxembourg Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Gast GIBERYEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (known also as Christian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and Reformed Communist Party dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left) [no formal leadership]; other minor parties
Macau Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces [leader NA]
Macedonia Democratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic League of the Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSH/DPA [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Democratic Party of Serbs [Ivan STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic Republican Union of Macedonia or DRUM [Dosta DIMOVSKA]; Democratic Union of Vlachs for Macedonia [leader NA]; Democratic Union for Integration or BDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Agrarian Party or VMRO-Agrarian Party [Marjan GJORCEV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE (including VMRO and LDT) [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Option or VMRO-Vistinska [Boris ZMEJKOVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [Vesna JANEVSKA]; League for Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National Democratic Party or PDK [Basri HALITI]; National Farmers' Party [Vejljo TANTAROV]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP [Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM [Vlado BUCKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together for Macedonia coalition (including the SDSM and LDP) [Vlado BUCKOVSI]; United Party for Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
Madagascar Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [Pierrot RAJAONARIVO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]
Malawi Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Mgwirizano Coalition or MC (coalition of MAFUNDE, MDP, MGODE, NUP, PETRA, PPM, RP) [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; Movement for Genuine Democratic Change or MGODE [Sam Kandodo BANDA]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Brown MPINGANJIRA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; New Congress for Democracy or NCD [Hetherwick NTABA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke BANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; Republican Party or RP [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA] - governing party
Malaysia ruling-coalition National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN, consisting of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or PGRM [LIM Keng Yaik]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [CHONG Kah Kiat]; Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Ka Ting]; Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongresi India Malaysia) or MIC [S. Samy VELLU]; Parti Bersatu Pakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]; Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; United Malays National Organization or UMNO [ABDULLAH bin Ahmad Badawi]; United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP [M.Keyveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [William MAWANI]; opposition parties: Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party of Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang]; People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismael]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DANDUNG]; opposition coalition Alternative Front (Barisan Alternatif) or BA consists of PAS and PKR
Maldives although political parties are not banned, none exist
Mali Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Hope 2002 [leader NA]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]
Malta Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD [Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT]; Nationalist Party or PN [Lawrence GONZI]
Man, Isle of Man Labor Party [leader NA]; Alliance for Progressive Government [leader NA]; Man Nationalist Party [leader NA] note: most members sit as independents
Marshall Islands traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party [Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
Martinique Martinique Communist Party or PCM [Georges ERICHOT]; Martinique Independence Movement or MIM [Alfred MARIE-JEANNE]; Martinique Progressive Party or PPM [Pierre SUEDILE]; Martinique Socialist Party or PMS [Ernest WAN-AJOUHU]; Movement of Democrats and Ecologists for a Sovereign Martinique or Modemas [Garcin MALSA]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Michel CHARLONE]; Socialist Revolution Group or GRS [Philippe PIERRE-CHARLES]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Jean MAREN]
Mauritania Action for Change or AC [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Alliance for Justice and Democracy or AJD [Kebe ABDOULAYE]; Democratic and Social Republican Party or PRDS (ruling party) [President Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA]; Mauritanian Party for Renewal and Concorde or PMRC [Molaye El Hassen Ould JIYID]; National Union for Democracy and Development or UNDD [Tidjane KOITA]; Party for Liberty, Equality and Justice or PLEJ [Daouda M'BAGNIGA]; Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progress Alliance or APP [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Popular Social and Democratic Union or UPSD [Mohamed Mahmoud Ould MAH]; Progress Force Union or UFP [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]; Rally of Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Rally for Democracy and Unity or RDU [Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA]; Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS] note: the Action for Change party was banned in January 2002 although its members were permitted to keep their seats in the National Assembly; parties legalized by constitution ratified 12 July 1991, however, politics continue to be tribally based
Mauritius Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Mayotte Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; FARC [leader NA]; Federation of Mahorans or RPR (UMP) [Mansour KAMARDINE]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [Omar SIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS (local branch of French Parti Socialiste) [Ibrahim ABUBACAR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]
Mexico Convergence for Democracy or CD [Dante DELGADO Ranauro]; Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Roberto MADRAZO Pintado]; Mexican Green Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ Martinez]; National Action Party or PAN [Luis Felipe BRAVO Mena]; Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD [Leonel GODOY]; Workers Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]
Micronesia, Federated States of no formal parties
Moldova Democratic Modova Bloc [Serafim URECHEANU] includes: Democratic Party [Dumitru DIACOV], Our Moldova Alliance [Dumitru BRAGHIS, Serafim URECHEANU], Social Liberal Party [Oleg SEREBRIAN]; Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman]; Popular Christian Democratic Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]
Monaco National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM) [leader NA]
Mongolia Citizens' Will Republican Party or CWRP (also called Civil Courage Republican Party or CCRP) [Sanjaasurengiin OYUN]; Democratic Party or DP [R. GONCHIKDORJ]; Motherland-Mongolian New Socialist Democratic Party or M-MNSDP [Badarchyn ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian Republican Party or MRP [Bazarsadyn JARGALSAIKHAN] note: DP and M-MNSDP formed Motherland-Democracy Coalition (MDC) in 2003 and with CWRP contested June 2004 elections as single party; MDC's leadership dissolved coalition in December 2004
Montserrat National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
Morocco Action Party or PA [Muhammad EL IDRISSI]; Alliance of Liberties or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; Annahj Addimocrati or Annahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Avant Garde Social Democratic Party or PADS [Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Citizen Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizen's Initiatives for Development [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; Constitutional Union or UC [Mohamed ABIED (interim)]; Democratic and Independence Party or PDI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Front of Democratic Forces or FFD [Thami EL KHYARI]; Istiqlal Party (Independence Party) or PI [Abbas El FASSI]; Justice and Development Party or PJD [Saad Eddine OTHMANI]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Ahmed OSMAN]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Parti Al Ahd or Al Ahd [Najib EL OUAZZANI, chairman]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Party of Renewal and Equity or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Party of the Unified Socialist Left or GSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Reform and Development Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Mohammed El-YAZGHI]
Mozambique Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or RENAMO-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]
Namibia Congress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Kosie PRETORIUS]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]
Nauru loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [leader NA]; Naoero Amo (Nauru First) Party [leader NA]
Nepal Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML [Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Party or NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Surya Bahadur THAPA, chairman]; People's Front Nepal (Rastriya Jana Morcha) [Chitra BAHADUR, chairman]; Nepali Congress-Democratic [Sher Bahadur DEUBA, president]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president; Sushil KOIRALA, general secretary]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP [Bhadri Prasad MANDAL, acting party president]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chairman]; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [leader NA]
Netherlands Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Maxime Jacques Marcel VERHAGEN]; Christian Union Party [Andre ROUVOET]; Democrats 66 or D66 [Boris DITTRICH]; Green Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Party or PvdA [Wouter BOS]; List Pim Fortuyn [Gerard van AS]; People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Jozias VAN AARTSEN]; Socialist Party [Jan MARIJNISSEN]; plus a few minor parties
Netherlands Antilles Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Etienne YS]; C 93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY]; Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS]; Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol COVA]; National Alliance [William MARLIN]; National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER]; New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UP Bonaire [Ramonsito BOOI]; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.]; People's Party or PAPU [Richard HODI]; Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS]; Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL]; Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS]; St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN]; Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS]; Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI]; Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON]; Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT] note: political parties are indigenous to each island
New Caledonia Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Caleonian Union or UC [leader NA]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic (anti independent) or RPCR-UMP [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Harold MARTIN]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]
New Zealand ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; Maori Party [Whatarangi WINIATA]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]
Nicaragua Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Miguel LOPEZ Baldizon, Oscar WENDOLYN Vargas, Karla WHITE]; Central American Unionist Party or PUCA [leader NA]; Christian Alternative Party or AC [Orlando TARDENCILLA Espinoza]; Conservative Party of Nicaragua or PCN [Mario RAPPACCIOLI]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Anibal MARTINEZ Nunez, Pedro REYES Vallejos]; Independent Liberal Party for National Unity or PLIUN [leader NA]; Liberal Constitutional Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; Liberal Salvation Movement or MSL [Eliseo NUNEZ Hernandez]; New Liberal Party or PALI [leader NA]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or PCCN [Guillermo OSORNO Molina]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN [Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [leader NA]; Unity Alliance or AU [leader NA]
Niger Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ANDP [leader NA]; Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [TANDJA Mamadou, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Party for Socialism and Democracy in Niger [leader NA]; Rally for Social Democracy or RSD [Cheiffou AMADOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Nigeria Alliance for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; All Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Don ETIEBET]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Chekwas OKORIE]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Dr. Ahmadu ALI]; Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE]; United Nigeria Peoples Party or UNPP [Saleh JAMBO]
Niue Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]
Norfolk Island none
Northern Mariana Islands Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party ; Covenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL]
Norway Center Party [Aslaug Marie HAGA]; Christian People's Party [Dagfinn HOYBRATEN]; Coastal Party [Roy WAAGE]; Conservative Party [Erna SOLBERG]; Labor Party [Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party [Carl I. HAGEN]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Oman none
Pakistan Awami National Party or ANP [Wali KHAN]; Balochistan National Movement/Hayee Group or BNM/H [Dr. Hayee BALUCH]; Baluch National Party/Awami or BNP/Awami [Moheem Khan BALOCH]; Baluch National Party-Mengal or BNP/M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL]; Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP [Akbar Khan BUGTI]; Jamiat-al-Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat-i-Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Fazlur Rehman faction or JUI/F [Fazlur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami ul-HAQ faction or JUI/S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan or JUP [Shah Faridul HAQ]; Millat Party or MP [Farooq LEGHARI]; Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Pakistan or MMA [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Muttahida Qaumi Movement, Altaf faction or MQM/A [Altaf HUSSAIN]; Muttahida Quami Movement, Haqiqi faction or MQM/H [Afaq AHMAD]; National People's Party or NPP [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI]; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]; Pakhtun Quami Party or PQP [Mohammed Afzal KHAN]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Democratic Party or PDP [Mehbooba Mufti SAYEED]; Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group or PML/F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction or PML/N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Muslim League or PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN]; note - as of May 2004, the PML/Q changed its name to PML and absorbed the PML/J, PML/Z, and NA; Pakistan National Party or PNP [Hasil BIZENJO]; Pakistan People's Party or PPP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Benazir BHUTTO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]; Tehrik-i-Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI] note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Palau none
Panama Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [Martin TORRIJOS]; National Liberal Party or PLN [Anibal GALINDO]; Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Jesus ROSAS]; Panamenista Party or PA (formerly the Arnulfista Party) [Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez]; Popular Party or PP (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC) [Ruben AROSEMENA]; Solidarity Party or PS [Jose Raul MULINO]
Papua New Guinea Christian Democratic Party [Dr. Banare BUN, party leader]; Melanesian Alliance Party or MAP [Sir Moi AVEL, party leader]; National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE, party leader; George MANOA, party president]; National Party [Melchior PEP, party leader]; Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU [Chris HAIVETA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea First Party [Cecilking DORUBA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea Labor Party [Bob DANAYA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea Party (was People's Democratic Movement or PDM) [Sir Mekere MORAUTA, party leader]; People's Action Party or PAP [Moses MALADINA, party leader]; People's Labor Party or PLP [Ekis ROPENU, party leader]; People's National Congress or PNC [Peter O'NEILL, party leader]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Andrew BAING, party leader]; Pipol First Party [Luther WENGE, party leader]; Rural People's Party [Peter NAMUS, party leader]; United Party [Bire KIMASOPA, party leader]; United Resources Party or URP [Tim NEVILLE, party leader] (2004)
Paraguay Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Herminio CACERES, interim president]; Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Enrique GONZALEZ Quintana, acting chairman]; Patria Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL Niella]; Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Luis TORALES Kenney]; Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Julio Cesar FRANCO]; Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares] note: Nicanor DUARTE Frutos on leave as party leader of the Colorado Party or ANR while serving as President of Paraguay; Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva, leader of UNACE, is currently serving a ten-year prison term
Peru Independent Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Posible or PP [David WAISMAN]; Peruvian Aprista Party or PAP (also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA) [Alan GARCIA]; Popular Action or AP [Javier DIAZ Orihuela]; Solucion Popular [Carlos BOLANA]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Union for Peru or UPP [Roger GUERRA Garcia]
Philippines Laban Ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA, president]; Lakas Ng Edsa (National Union of Christian Democrats) or Lakas [Jose DE VENECIA, president; Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, chairperson]; Liberal Party or LP [Franklin DRILON, president; Jose ATIENZA, JR., chairman]; National People's Coalition or NPC [Eduardo COJUANGCO, chairman emeritus; Frisco SAN JUAN, president]; PDP-Laban [Aquilino PIMENTEL, president]; Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Party of the Philippine Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA, president; Juan Ponce ENRILE, chairman]; Aksyon Demokratiko Party [Raul ROCO, president]; Reporma [Renato DE VILLA, chairman]; PROMDI [Emilio OSMENA, president]; Nacionalista [Manuel VILLAR, president]; People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO, president}
Pitcairn Islands none
Poland Catholic-National Movement or RKN [Antoni MACIEREWICZ]; Civic Platform or PO [Donald TUSK]; Conservative Peasants Party or KL [Artur BALAZS]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Jozef OLEKSY]; Dom Ojczysty (Fatherland Home); Freedom Union or UW [Wladyslaw FRASYNIUK]; German Minority of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Henryk KROLL]; Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]; League of Polish Families or LPR [Marek KOTLINOWSKI]; Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland or ROP [Jan OLSZEWSKI]; Peasant-Democratic Party or PLD [Roman JAGIELINSKI]; Polish Accord or PP [Jan LOPUSZANSKI]; Polish Peasant Party or PSL [Waldemar PAWLAK]; Samoobrona or SO [Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [Marek BOROWSKI]; Social Movement or RS [Krzysztof PIESIEWICZ]; Union of Labor or UP [Izabela JARUGA-NOWACKA]
Portugal Green Ecologist Party or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]; Popular Party or PP [Jose Ribeiro e CASTRO]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo de SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Luis Marques MENDES]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]; Unitarian Democratic Coalition or UDC [Jeronimo de SOUSA]
Puerto Rico National Democratic Party [Celeste BENITEZ]; National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Dr. Tiody FERRE]; New Progressive Party or PNP (pro-US statehood) [Pedro ROSSELLO]; Popular Democratic Party or PPD (pro-commonwealth) [Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA]; Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP (pro-independence) [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez]
Qatar none
Reunion Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [leader NA]
Romania Conservative Party [Dan VOICULESCU], formerly Humanist Party or PUR; Democratic Party or PD [Emil BOC]; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Calin Popescu TARICEANU]; Romania Mare Party (Greater Romanian Party) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Mircea Dan GEOANA], formerly Party of Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR
Russia Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy Andreyevich ZYUGANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir Volfovich ZHIRINOVSKIY]; Motherland Bloc (Rodina) [Dmitriy ROGOZIN]; People's Party [Gennadiy RAYKOV]; Union of Right Forces or SPS [Anatoliy Borisovich CHUBAYS, Yegor Timurovich GAYDAR, Irina Mutsuovna KHAKAMADA, Boris Yefimovich NEMTSOV]; United Russia [Boris Vyacheslavovich GRYZLOV]; Yabloko Party [Grigoriy Alekseyevich YAVLINSKIY]
Rwanda Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Alfred MUKEZAMFURA]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR (officially banned) [Celestin KABANDA]; Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL [Prosper HIGIRO]; Party for Democratic Renewal (officially banned) [Pasteur BIZIMUNGU and Charles NTAKARUTINKA]; Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]
Saint Helena none
Saint Kitts and Nevis Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's Action Movement or PAM [Lindsey GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
Saint Lucia National Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint Lucia Freedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [Christopher HUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Dr. Morella JOSEPH]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Left Radical Party or PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP) [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines National Reform Party or NRP [Joel MIGUEL]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Ken BOYEA]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [leader NA]; United People's Movement or UPM [Adrian SAUNDERS]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)
Samoa Christian Democratic Party [leader NA]; Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA, chairman]; Samoan Democratic United Party or SDUP [LE MAMEA Ropati, chairman] (opposition)
San Marino Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Sao Tome and Principe Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small parties
Saudi Arabia none
Senegal African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Serbia and Montenegro Democratic Party or DS [Boris TADIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Bozidar BOJOVIC]; G17 Plus [Miroljub LABUS]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC]; Liberal Party of Montenegro or LSCG [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Dragan SOC]; Power of Serbia Movement or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC]; Serbian Socialist Party or SPS (former Communist Party and party of Slobodan MILOSEVIC) [Ivica DACIC, president of Main Board]; Social Democratic Party of Montenegro or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]; Socialist People's Party of Montenegro or SNP [Predrag BULATOVIC] note: the following political parties participate in elections and institutions only in Kosovo, which has been governed by the UN under UNSCR 1244 since 1999: Albanian Christian Democratic Party or PSHDK [Mark KRASNIQI]; Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]; Citizens' Initiative of Serbia or GIS [Slavisa PETKOVIC]; Democratic Ashkali Party of Kosovo or PDAK [Sabit RRAHMANI]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Ibrahim RUGOVA]; Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Justice Party of PD [Sylejman CERKEZI]; Kosovo Democratic Turkish Party of KDTP [Mahir YAGCILAR]; Liberal Party of Kosovo or PLK [Gjergj DEDAJ]; Ora [Veton SURROI]; New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK [Bislim HOTI]; Party of Democratic Action or SDA [Numan BALIC]; Popular Movement of Kosovo or LPK [Emrush XHEMAJLI]; Prizren-Dragas Initiative or PDI [Ismajl KARADOLAMI]; Serb List for Kosovo and Metohija or SLKM [Oliver IVANOVIC]; United Roma Party of Kosovo or PREBK [Haxhi Zylfi MERXHA]; Vakat [leader NA]
Seychelles Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Daniel BELLE]; Mouvement Seychellois pour la Democratie [Jacques HODOUL]; Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition or UO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE, James MICHEL] - the governing party
Sierra Leone All People's Congress or APC [Ben KANU]; Peace and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON, interim chairman]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Sama BANYA]; numerous others
Singapore governing party: People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; opposition parties: Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [LING How Dong]; National Solidarity Party or NSP [vacant] (SDA group); Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong] (includes SPP, PKMS, NSP, SJP); Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan]; Singapore Justice Party or SJP [Desmond LIM] (SDA group); Singapore National Malay Organization or PKMS [Malik ISMAIL] (SDA group); Singapore People's Party or SPP [CHIAM See Tong] (SDA group); Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia Lim Swee LIAN]
Slovakia Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Pavol HRUSOVSKY]; Direction (Smer) [Robert FICO]; Free Forum [Zuzana MARTINAKOVA]; Movement for Democracy or HZD [Jozef GRAPA]; Movement for a Democratic Slovakia-People's Party or HZDS-LS [Vladimir MECIAR]; New Citizens Alliance or ANO [Pavol RUSKO]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Bela BUGAR]; People's Union or LU [Gustav KRAJCI]; Slovak Communist Party or KSS [Jozef SEVC]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union or SDKU [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak National Party or SNS [Peter SULOVSKY]
Slovenia Democratic Party of Retired (Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS [Anton ROUS]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Anton ROP]; New Slovenia or NSi [Andrej BAJUK]; Slovene Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS [Janez PODOBNIK]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Darko KRANJC]; United List of Social Democrats or ZLSD [Borut PAHOR]
Solomon Islands Association of Independents [Snyder RINI]; People's Alliance Party or PAP [Allan KEMAKEZA]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE]; Solomon Islands Alliance for Change Coalition or SIACC [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; Solomon Islands Labor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU] note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions
Somalia none
South Africa African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE, president]; African National Congress or ANC [Thabo MBEKI, president]; Democratic Alliance or DA (formed from the merger of the Democratic Party or DP and the Freedom Alliance or FA) [Anthony LEON]; Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI, president]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC [Stanley MOGOBA, president]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]
Spain Basque Nationalist Party or PNV [Josu Jon IMAZ]; Canarian Coalition or CC (a coalition of five parties) [Paulino RIVERO Baute]; Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS i Gavarro] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Artur MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN y LLEIDA]); Entesa Catalonia de Progress (a Senate coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA) [leader NA]; Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Anxo Manuel QUINTANA]; Party of Independents from Lanzarote or PIL [Dimas MARTIN Martin]; Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY]; Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Josep-Lluis CAROD-ROVIRA]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO]; United Left or IU (a coalition of parties including the PCE and other small parties) [Gaspar LLAMAZARES]
Sri Lanka All Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC [KUMARGURUPARAM]; Ceylon Workers Congress or CWC [Arumugam THONDAMAN]; Communist Party or CP [D. GUNASEKERA]; Democratic United National (Lalith) Front or DUNLF [Shrimani ATULATHMUDALI]; Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP [Douglas DEVANANDA]; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front or EPRLF [Suresh PREMACHANDRAN]; Janatha Vimukthi Perumuna or JVP [Tilvan SILVA]; National Heritage Party or JHU [Tilak KARUNARATNE]; National Unity Alliance or NUA [Ferial ASHRAFF]; People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE [leader NA]; Sihala Urumaya or SU [leader NA]; Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]; Sri Lanka Progressive Front or SLPF [P. Nelson PERERA]; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO [SABARATNAM]; Tamil National Alliance or TNA [R. SAMPANTHAN]; Tamil United Liberation Front or TULF [V. ANANDASANGAREE]; United National Party or UNP [Ranil WICKREMASINGHE]; Up-country People's Front or UPF [P. CHANDRASEKARAN]; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim parties, represented in either Parliament or provincial councils
Sudan the government allows political "associations" under a 1998 law revised in 2000; to obtain government approval parties must accept the constitution and refrain from advocating or using violence against the regime; approved parties include the National Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular National Congress or PNC [Hassan al-TURABI], and over 20 minor, pro-government parties
Suriname A-Combinatie (coalition of Brotherhood and Unity in Politics or BEP [Caprino ALENDY], General Interior Development Party or ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK], Progressive Laborers and Farmers Union or PALU [Jim HOK], Seeka [Paul ABENA]); Alternative-1 or A-1 (a coalition of Democratic Alternative 1991 or DA-91 [Winston JESSURUN], Democrats of the 21st Century or D-21 [Soewarto MOESTADJA], Nieuw Suriname or NS [Radjen Nanan PANDAY], Political Wing of the FAL or PVF [Jiwan SITAL], Trefpunt 2000 or T-2000 [Arti JESSURUN]); National Democratic Party or NDP [Desire BOUTERSE]; New Front for Democracy and Development or NF (a coalition includes National Party Suriname or NPS (Ronald VENETIAAN], United Reform Party or VHP [Ram SARDJOE], Pertjaja Luhur or PL [Salam Paul SOMOHARDJO], Surinamese Labor Party or SPA [Siegfried GILDS]); Party for Democracy and Development in Unity or DOE [Marten Schalkwijk]; People's Alliance for Progress or VVV (a coalition of Democratic National Platform 2000 or DNP-2000 [Jules WIJDENBOSCH], Grassroots Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD [Tjan GOBARDHAN], Party for National Unity and Solidarity of the Highest Order or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA], Party for Progression, Justice, and Perserverance or PPRS [Renee KAIMAN], Pendawalima or PL [Raymond SAPOEN]); Union of Progressive Surinamers or UPS [Sheoradj PANDAY]
Swaziland political parties are banned by the government - the following are considered political associations; Imbokodvo National Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]
Sweden Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Goran HAGGLUND]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Switzerland Green Party (Grune Partei der Schweiz or Grune, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ruth GENNER]; Christian Democratic People's Party (Christichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Doris LEUTHARD, president]; Radical Free Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz or FDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD, Partitio Liberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Marianne KLEINER-SCHLAEPFER, president]; Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Hans-Juerg FEHR, president]; Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Ueli MAURER, president]; and other minor parties
Syria Arab Socialist Unionist Movement [Ahmed al-AHMED]; National Progressive Front or NPF (includes Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party; the governing party) [President Bashar al-ASAD, secretary general]; Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallal Nasr Al-DIN]; Syrian Arab Socialist Party or ASP [Safwan QUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party (two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yuusuf Rashid FAYSAL]; Syrian Social National Party [Jubran URAYJI]; Unionist Socialist Party [Fayez ISMAIL]
Taiwan Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [SU Tseng-chang, chairman]; Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [MA Ying-jeou, chairman]; People First Party or PFP [James SOONG (SOONG Chu-yu), chairman]; Taiwan Solidarity Union or TSU [SU Chin-chiang, chairman]; other minor parties including the Chinese New Party or CNP
Tajikistan Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Mirhuseyn NAZRIYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]
Tanzania Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Christopher MTIKLA]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREME]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]
Thailand Democrat Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [ABHISIT Wetchachiwa]; People's Party or PP (Mahachon Party) [ANEK Laothamatas]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BARNHARN SILPA-ARCHA]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [THAKSIN Chinnawat]
Togo Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President GNASSINGBE, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Tokelau none
Tonga there are no political parties
Trinidad and Tobago National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or TU [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]; Democratic Action Committee or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES], note - only active in Tobago
Tunisia Al-Tajdid Movement [Ali HALOUANI]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ismail BOULAHYA]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed BOUCHIHA]; Progressive Democratic Party [Nejib CHEBBI]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]
Turkey Democratic Left Party or DSP [Mehmet Zeki SEZER]; Democratic People's Party or DEHAP [Tuncer BAKIRHAN]; Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Emin SIRIN]; Motherland Party or ANAP [Ali Talip OZDEMIR]; Nationalist Action Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]; Republican People's Party or CHP (includes the New Turkey Party) [Deniz BAYKAL]; Felicity Party (sometimes translated as Contentment Party) or SP [Necmettin ERBEKAN]; Social Democratic People's Party or SHP [Murat KARAYALCIN]; True Path Party (sometimes translated as Correct Way Party) or DYP [Mehmet AGAR] note: the parties listed above are some of the more significant of the 49 parties that Turkey had on 1 December 2004
Turkmenistan Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Saparmurat NIYAZOV] note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries; the two most prominent opposition groups-in-exile have been Gundogar and Erkin; Gundogar was led by former Foreign Minister Boris SHIKHMURADOV until his arrest and imprisonment in the wake of the 25 November 2002 assassination attempt on President NIYAZOV; Erkin is led by former Foreign Minister Abdy KULIEV and is based out of Moscow; the Union of Democratic Forces, a coalition of opposition-in-exile groups, is based in Europe
Turks and Caicos Islands People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Michael Eugene MISICK]
Tuvalu there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings
Uganda only one political organization, the Movement (formerly the NRM) [President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate unfettered; note - the president maintains that the Movement is not a political party, but a mass organization, which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans note: the constitution requires the suspension of political parties while the Movement organization is in governance; of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Milton OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]
Ukraine Agrarian Party [Volodymyr LYTVYN]; Communist Party of Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]; Democratic Initiatives [Stepan HAVRYSH]; Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [Anatoliy KINAKH]; Our Ukraine bloc (comprised of several parties the most prominent of which are Rukh, the Ukrainian People's Party, Reforms and Order, and Solidarity) [Viktor YUSHCHENKO]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Valeriy PUSTOVOYTENKO]; Regions of Ukraine [Viktor YANUKOVYCH]; Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman]; United Social Democratic Party [Viktor MEDVEDCHUK]; Working Ukraine [Serhiy TYHYPKO]; Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO] note: as well as numerous smaller parties; United Ukraine and Center Group are not actual political parties, but rather deputy groups (factions not based on a party)
United Arab Emirates none
United Kingdom Conservative and Unionist Party [Michael HOWARD]; Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY]; Labor Party [Anthony (Tony) BLAIR]; Liberal Democrats [Charles KENNEDY]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Dafydd IWAN]; Scottish National Party or SNP [Alex SALMOND]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Sir Reg EMPEY]
United States Democratic Party [Howard DEAN]; Green Party [leader NA]; Libertarian Party [Steve DAMERELL]; Republican Party [Ken MEHLMAN]
Uruguay Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE Ibanez]; National Party or Blanco [Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera]; New Sector/Space Coalition (Nuevo Espacio) [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter/Broad Front Coalition (Encuentro Progresista/Frente Amplio) or EP-FA [Tabare VAZQUEZ]; Independent Party (Partido Independiente) [leader NA]
Uzbekistan Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Dilorom TOSHMUHAMMADOVA, chairman]; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milly Tiklanish) or MTP [Xurshid DOSTMUHAMMADOV, chief]; Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan or LDPU [Adham SHODMONOV, chairman]; People's Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [Asliddin RUSTAMOV, first secretary]; Self-Sacrificers Party or Fidokorlar National Democratic Party [Ahtam TURSUNOV, chief]; note - Fatherland Progress Party merged with Self-Sacrificers Party
Vanuatu Jon Frum Movement [Song KEASPAI]; Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]; National United Party or NUP [leader NA]; Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]; Vanuatu Greens Party or VGP [Moana CARCASSES]
Venezuela Democratic Action or AD [Jesus MENDEZ Quijada]; Fifth Republic Movement or MVR [Hugo CHAVEZ]; Homeland for All or PPT [Jose ALBORNOZ]; Justice First [Julio BORGES]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Hector MUJICA]; National Convergence or Convergencia [Juan Jose CALDERA]; Radical Cause or La Causa R [Andres VELASQUEZ]; Social Christian Party or COPEI [Eduardo FERNANDEZ]; Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS Romer]
Vietnam only party - Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Nong Duc MANH, general secretary]
Virgin Islands Democratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON]; Independent Citizens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHARDS]; Republican Party [Gary SPRAUVE]
Wallis and Futuna Lua Kae Tahi (Giscardians) [leader NA]; Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche or MRG [leader NA]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Clovis LOGOLOGOFOLAU]; Taumu'a Lelei [Soane Muni UHILA]; Union Populaire Locale or UPL [Falakiko GATA]; Union Pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Yemen there are more than 12 political parties active in Yemen, some of the more prominent are: General People's Congress or GPC [President Ali Abdallah SALIH]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdel Malik al-MAKHLAFI]; National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party [Dr. Qassim SALAAM]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL] note: President SALIH's General People's Congress or GPC won a landslide victory in the April 1997 legislative election and no longer governs in coalition with Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR's Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah - the two parties had been in coalition since the end of the civil war in 1994; the YSP, a loyal opposition party, represents the remnants of the former South Yemeni leadership; leaders of the 1994 secessionist movement have been pardoned by President SALIH and some are now returning to Yemen from exile
Zambia Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA]; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Christon TEMBO]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Levy MWANAWASA, acting president]; National Leadership for Development or NLD [Yobert SHAMAPANDE]; National Party or NP [Dr. Sam CHIPUNGU]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline KONIE]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Francis NKHOMA, president]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]
Zimbabwe Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; National Alliance for Good Governance or NAGG [Shakespeare MAYA]; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2119 Population
Afghanistan 29,928,987 (July 2005 est.)
Akrotiri no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,300 military personnel are on the base; there are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of military personnel or civilian staff on both Akrotiri and Dhekelia; Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there
Albania 3,563,112 (July 2005 est.)
Algeria 32,531,853 (July 2005 est.)
American Samoa 57,881 (July 2005 est.)
Andorra 70,549 (July 2005 est.)
Angola 11,190,786 (July 2005 est.)
Anguilla 13,254 (July 2005 est.)
Antarctica no indigenous inhabitants, but there are both permanent and summer-only staffed research stations note: 26 nations, all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, operate seasonal (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and in its surrounding oceans; the population of persons doing and supporting science on the continent and its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude (the region covered by the Antarctic Treaty) varies from approximately 4,000 in summer to 1,000 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research are present in the waters of the treaty region; summer (January) population - 3,687 total; Argentina 302, Australia 201, Belgium 13, Brazil 80, Bulgaria 16, Chile 352, China 70, Finland 11, France 100, Germany 51, India 60, Italy 106, Japan 136, South Korea 14, Netherlands 10, NZ 60, Norway 40, Peru 28, Poland 70, Russia 254, South Africa 80, Spain 43, Sweden 20, UK 192, US 1,378 (1998-99); winter (July) population - 964 total; Argentina 165, Australia 75, Brazil 12, Chile 129, China 33, France 33, Germany 9, India 25, Japan 40, South Korea 14, NZ 10, Poland 20, Russia 102, South Africa 10, UK 39, US 248 (1998-99); research stations operated within the Antarctic Treaty area (south of 60 degrees south) by members of the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP): year-round stations - 38 total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 4, China 2, France 1, Germany 1, India 1, Japan 1, South Korea 1, NZ 1, Poland 1, Russia 6, South Africa 1, Ukraine 1, UK 2, US 3, Uruguay 1, Italy and France jointly 1 (2005); summer-only stations - 34 total; Argentina 8, Australia 2, Bulgaria 1, Chile 5, Ecuador 1, Finland 1, Germany 2, Italy 1, Japan 3, Norway 2, Peru 1, Russia 2, South Africa 1, Spain 2, Sweden 1, UK 1 (2004-2005); in addition, during the austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile traverses in support of research
Antigua and Barbuda 68,722 (July 2005 est.)
Argentina 39,537,943 (July 2005 est.)
Armenia 2,982,904 (July 2005 est.)
Aruba 71,566 (July 2005 est.)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2005 est.)
Australia 20,090,437 (July 2005 est.)
Austria 8,184,691 (July 2005 est.)
Azerbaijan 7,911,974 (July 2005 est.)
Bahamas, The 301,790 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Bahrain 688,345 note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2005 est.)
Baker Island uninhabited note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (2005 est.)
Bangladesh 144,319,628 (July 2005 est.)
Barbados 279,254 (July 2005 est.)
Bassas da India uninhabited (July 2005 est.)
Belarus 10,300,483 (July 2005 est.)
Belgium 10,364,388 (July 2005 est.)
Belize 279,457 (July 2005 est.)
Benin 7,460,025 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Bermuda 65,365 (July 2005 est.)
Bhutan 2,232,291 note: other estimates range as low as 810,000 (July 2005 est.)
Bolivia 8,857,870 (July 2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,025,476 (July 2005 est.)
Botswana 1,640,115 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Bouvet Island uninhabited (July 2005 est.)
Brazil 186,112,794 note: Brazil took a count in August 2000, which reported a population of 169,799,170; that figure was about 3.3% lower than projections by the US Census Bureau, and is close to the implied underenumeration of 4.6% for the 1991 census; estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territory no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960s and 1970s, in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands 22,643 (July 2005 est.)
Brunei 372,361 (July 2005 est.)
Bulgaria 7,450,349 (July 2005 est.)
Burkina Faso 13,925,313 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Burma 42,909,464 note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Burundi 6,370,609 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Cambodia 13,607,069 note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Cameroon 16,380,005 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Canada 32,805,041 (July 2005 est.)
Cape Verde 418,224 (July 2005 est.)
Cayman Islands 44,270 (July 2005 est.)
Central African Republic 3,799,897 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Chad 9,826,419 (July 2005 est.)
Chile 15,980,912 (July 2005 est.)
China 1,306,313,812 (July 2005 est.)
Christmas Island 361 (July 2005 est.)
Clipperton Island uninhabited (July 2005 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 628 (July 2005 est.)
Colombia 42,954,279 (July 2005 est.)
Comoros 671,247 (July 2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 60,085,804 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 3,039,126 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Cook Islands 21,388 (July 2005 est.)
Coral Sea Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station (2005 est.)
Costa Rica 4,016,173 (July 2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 17,298,040 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Croatia 4,495,904 (July 2005 est.)
Cuba 11,346,670 (July 2005 est.)
Cyprus 780,133 (July 2005 est.)
Czech Republic 10,241,138 (July 2005 est.)
Denmark 5,432,335 (July 2005 est.)
Dhekelia no indigenous personnel note: approximately 2,200 military personnel are on the base; there are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of military personnel or civilian staff on both the bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia; Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there
Djibouti 476,703 (July 2005 est.)
Dominica 69,029 (July 2005 est.)
Dominican Republic 8,950,034 (July 2005 est.)
East Timor 1,040,880 note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 (July 2005 est.)
Ecuador 13,363,593 (July 2005 est.)
Egypt 77,505,756 (July 2005 est.)
El Salvador 6,704,932 (July 2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 535,881 (July 2005 est.)
Eritrea 4,561,599 (July 2005 est.)
Estonia 1,332,893 (July 2005 est.)
Ethiopia 73,053,286 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Europa Island no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a small French military garrison and a few meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2005 est.)
European Union 456,953,258 (July 2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 2,967 (July 2005 est.)
Faroe Islands 46,962 (July 2005 est.)
Fiji 893,354 (July 2005 est.)
Finland 5,223,442 (July 2005 est.)
France 60,656,178 (July 2005 est.)
French Guiana 195,506 (July 2005 est.)
French Polynesia 270,485 (July 2005 est.)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands no indigenous inhabitants (July 2005 est.) note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January) (July 2005 est.)
Gabon 1,389,201 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Gambia, The 1,593,256 (July 2005 est.)
Gaza Strip 1,376,289 note: in addition, there are more than 5,000 Israeli settlers in the Gaza Strip (July 2005 est.)
Georgia 4,677,401 (July 2005 est.)
Germany 82,431,390 (July 2005 est.)
Ghana 21,029,853 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Gibraltar 27,884 (July 2005 est.)
Glorioso Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a small French military garrison along with a few meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2005 est.)
Greece 10,668,354 (July 2005 est.)
Greenland 56,375 (July 2005 est.)
Grenada 89,502 (July 2005 est.)
Guadeloupe 448,713 (July 2005 est.)
Guam 168,564 (July 2005 est.)
Guatemala 14,655,189 (July 2005 est.)
Guernsey 65,228 (July 2005 est.)
Guinea 9,467,866 (July 2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 1,416,027 (July 2005 est.)
Guyana 765,283 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Haiti 8,121,622 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands uninhabited (July 2005 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) 921 (July 2005 est.)
Honduras 6,975,204 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Hong Kong 6,898,686 (July 2005 est.)
Howland Island uninhabited note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2005 est.)
Hungary 10,006,835 (July 2005 est.)
Iceland 296,737 (July 2005 est.)
India 1,080,264,388 (July 2005 est.)
Indonesia 241,973,879 (July 2005 est.)
Iran 68,017,860 (July 2005 est.)
Iraq 26,074,906 (July 2005 est.)
Ireland 4,015,676 (July 2005 est.)
Israel 6,276,883 note: includes about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank, about 20,000 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, more than 5,000 in the Gaza Strip, and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (July 2005 est.)
Italy 58,103,033 (July 2005 est.)
Jamaica 2,731,832 (July 2005 est.)
Jan Mayen no indigenous inhabitants note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2005 est.)
Japan 127,417,244 (July 2005 est.)
Jarvis Island uninhabited note: Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2005 est.)
Jersey 90,812 (July 2005 est.)
Johnston Atoll 361 no indigenous inhabitants note: in previous years, there was an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel present; as of September 2001, population had decreased significantly when US Army Chemical Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed; as of January 2004 the island population was just above 200 personnel, including US Air Force, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and civilian contractor personnel (July 2005 est.)
Jordan 5,759,732 (July 2005 est.)
Juan de Nova Island no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a small French military garrison along with a few meteorologists; occasionally visited by scientists (July 2005 est.)
Kazakhstan 15,185,844 (July 2005 est.)
Kenya 33,829,590 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Kingman Reef uninhabited (July 2005 est.)
Kiribati 103,092 (July 2005 est.)
Korea, North 22,912,177 (July 2005 est.)
Korea, South 48,422,644 (July 2005 est.)
Kuwait 2,335,648 note: includes 1,291,354 non-nationals (July 2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 5,146,281 (July 2005 est.)
Laos 6,217,141 (July 2005 est.)
Latvia 2,290,237 (July 2005 est.)
Lebanon 3,826,018 (July 2005 est.)
Lesotho 1,867,035 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Liberia 3,482,211 (July 2005 est.)
Libya 5,765,563 note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2005 est.)
Liechtenstein 33,717 (July 2005 est.)
Lithuania 3,596,617 (July 2005 est.)
Luxembourg 468,571 (July 2005 est.)
Macau 449,198 (July 2005 est.)
Macedonia 2,045,262 (July 2005 est.)
Madagascar 18,040,341 (July 2005 est.)
Malawi 12,158,924 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Malaysia 23,953,136 (July 2005 est.)
Maldives 349,106 (July 2005 est.)
Mali 12,291,529 (July 2005 est.)
Malta 398,534 (July 2005 est.)
Man, Isle of 75,049 (July 2005 est.)
Marshall Islands 59,071 (July 2005 est.)
Martinique 432,900 (July 2005 est.)
Mauritania 3,086,859 (July 2005 est.)
Mauritius 1,230,602 (July 2005 est.)
Mayotte 193,633 (July 2005 est.)
Mexico 106,202,903 (July 2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 108,105 (July 2005 est.)
Midway Islands no indigenous inhabitants; approximately 40 people make up the staff of US Fish and Wildlife Service and their services contractor living at the atoll (July 2005 est.)
Moldova 4,455,421 (July 2005 est.)
Monaco 32,409 (July 2005 est.)
Mongolia 2,791,272 (July 2005 est.)
Montserrat 9,341 note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2005 est.)
Morocco 32,725,847 (July 2005 est.)
Mozambique 19,406,703 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2005 est.)
Namibia 2,030,692 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Nauru 13,048 (July 2005 est.)
Navassa Island uninhabited note: transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island (July 2005 est.)
Nepal 27,676,547 (July 2005 est.)
Netherlands 16,407,491 (July 2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 219,958 (July 2005 est.)
New Caledonia 216,494 (July 2005 est.)
New Zealand 4,035,461 (July 2005 est.)
Nicaragua 5,465,100 (July 2005 est.)
Niger 11,665,937 (July 2005 est.)
Nigeria 128,771,988 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Niue 2,166 (July 2005 est.)
Norfolk Island 1,828 (July 2005 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands 80,362 (July 2005 est.)
Norway 4,593,041 (July 2005 est.)
Oman 3,001,583 note: includes 577,293 non-nationals (July 2005 est.)
Pakistan 162,419,946 (July 2005 est.)
Palau 20,303 (July 2005 est.)
Palmyra Atoll no indigenous inhabitants; 4 to 20 Nature Conservancy staff, US Fish and Wildlife staff (July 2005 est.)
Panama 3,039,150 (July 2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea 5,545,268 (July 2005 est.)
Paracel Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there are scattered Chinese garrisons
Paraguay 6,347,884 (July 2005 est.)
Peru 27,925,628 (July 2005 est.)
Philippines 87,857,473 (July 2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands 46 (July 2005 est.)
Poland 38,635,144 (July 2005 est.)
Portugal 10,566,212 (July 2005 est.)
Puerto Rico 3,916,632 (July 2005 est.)
Qatar 863,051 (July 2005 est.)
Reunion 776,948 (July 2005 est.)
Romania 22,329,977 (July 2005 est.)
Russia 143,420,309 (July 2005 est.)
Rwanda 8,440,820 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Saint Helena 7,460 (July 2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 38,958 (July 2005 est.)
Saint Lucia 166,312 (July 2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 7,012 (July 2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 117,534 (July 2005 est.)
Samoa 177,287 (July 2005 est.)
San Marino 28,880 (July 2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 187,410 (July 2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia 26,417,599 note: includes 5,576,076 non-nationals (July 2005 est.)
Senegal 11,126,832 (July 2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 10,829,175 (July 2005 est.)
Seychelles 81,188 (July 2005 est.)
Sierra Leone 6,017,643 (July 2005 est.)
Singapore 4,425,720 (July 2005 est.)
Slovakia 5,431,363 (July 2005 est.)
Slovenia 2,011,070 (July 2005 est.)
Solomon Islands 538,032 (July 2005 est.)
Somalia 8,591,629 note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2005 est.)
South Africa 44,344,136 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2005 est.)
Spain 40,341,462 (July 2005 est.)
Spratly Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (2004)
Sri Lanka 20,064,776 note: since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West (July 2005 est.)
Sudan 40,187,486 (July 2005 est.)
Suriname 438,144 (July 2005 est.)
Svalbard 2,701 (July 2005 est.)
Swaziland 1,173,900 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Sweden 9,001,774 (July 2005 est.)
Switzerland 7,489,370 (July 2005 est.)
Syria 18,448,752 note: in addition, about 40,000 people live in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights - 20,000 Arabs (18,000 Druze and 2,000 Alawites) and about 20,000 Israeli settlers (July 2005 est.)
Taiwan 22,894,384 (July 2005 est.)
Tajikistan 7,163,506 (July 2005 est.)
Tanzania 36,766,356 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Thailand 65,444,371 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Togo 5,681,519 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Tokelau 1,405 (July 2005 est.)
Tonga 112,422 (July 2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 1,088,644 (July 2005 est.)
Tromelin Island uninhabited, except for visits by scientists (July 2005 est.)
Tunisia 10,074,951 (July 2005 est.)
Turkey 69,660,559 (July 2005 est.)
Turkmenistan 4,952,081 (July 2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 20,556 (July 2005 est.)
Tuvalu 11,636 (July 2005 est.)
Uganda 27,269,482 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Ukraine 47,425,336 (July 2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2,563,212 note: includes an estimated 1,606,079 non-nationals; the 17 December 1995 census presents a total population figure of 2,377,453, and there are estimates of 3.44 million for 2002 (July 2005 est.)
United Kingdom 60,441,457 (July 2005 est.)
United States 295,734,134 (July 2005 est.)
Uruguay 3,415,920 (July 2005 est.)
Uzbekistan 26,851,195 (July 2005 est.)
Vanuatu 205,754 (July 2005 est.)
Venezuela 25,375,281 (July 2005 est.)
Vietnam 83,535,576 (July 2005 est.)
Virgin Islands 108,708 (July 2005 est.)
Wake Island no indigenous inhabitants note: US military personnel have left the island, but contractor personnel remain; as of October 2001, 200 contractor personnel were present (July 2005 est.)
Wallis and Futuna 16,025 (July 2005 est.)
West Bank 2,385,615 note: in addition, there are about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (July 2004 est.)
Western Sahara 273,008 (July 2005 est.)
World 6,446,131,400 (July 2005 est.)
Yemen 20,727,063 (July 2005 est.)
Zambia 11,261,795 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Zimbabwe 12,746,990 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2120 Ports and harbors
Afghanistan Kheyrabad, Shir Khan
Albania Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore
Algeria Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda
American Samoa Pago Pago
Angola Cabinda, Luanda, Soyo
Anguilla Blowing Point, Road Bay
Antarctica there are no developed ports and harbors in Antarctica; most coastal stations have offshore anchorages, and supplies are transferred from ship to shore by small boats, barges, and helicopters; a few stations have a basic wharf facility; US coastal stations include McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E), Palmer (64 43 S, 64 03 W); government use only except by permit (see Permit Office under "Legal System"); all ships at port are subject to inspection in accordance with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty; offshore anchorage is sparse and intermittent; relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by the states party to the Antarctic Treaty regulating access to the Antarctic Treaty area, to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees of latitude South, have to be complied with (see "Legal System") (2004)
Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's
Arctic Ocean Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Argentina Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin, San Nicolas
Aruba Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas
Ashmore and Cartier Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Atlantic Ocean Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden)
Australia Brisbane, Dampier, Fremantle, Gladstone, Hay Point, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Hedland, Port Kembla, Port Walcott, Sydney
Austria Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna
Azerbaijan Baku (Baki)
Bahamas, The Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point
Bahrain Mina' Salman, Sitrah
Baker Island none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Bangladesh Chittagong, Mongla Port
Barbados Bridgetown
Bassas da India none; offshore anchorage only
Belarus Mazyr
Belgium Antwerp, Brussels, Gent, Liege, Oostende, Zeebrugge
Belize Belize City
Benin Cotonou
Bermuda Hamilton, Saint George
Bolivia Puerto Aguirre (on the Paraguay/Parana waterway, at the Bolivia/Brazil border); also, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava), Orasje
Bouvet Island none; offshore anchorage only
Brazil Gebig, Itaqui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, San Sebasttiao, Santos, Sepetiba Terminal, Tubarao, Vitoria
British Indian Ocean Territory Diego Garcia
British Virgin Islands Road Town
Brunei Lumut, Muara, Seria
Bulgaria Burgas, Varna
Burma Moulmein, Rangoon, Sittwe
Burundi Bujumbura
Cambodia Phnom Penh
Cameroon Douala, Limboh Terminal
Canada Fraser River Port, Goderich, Montreal, Port Cartier, Quebec, Saint John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Vancouver
Cape Verde Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal
Cayman Islands Cayman Brac, George Town
Central African Republic Bangui, Nola, Salo, Nzinga
Chile Antofagasta, Arica, Huasco, Iquique, Lirquen, San Antonio, San Vicente, Valparaiso
China Dalian, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai
Christmas Island Flying Fish Cove
Clipperton Island none; offshore anchorage only
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Port Refuge
Colombia Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Muelles El Bosque, Puerto Bolivar, Santa Marta, Turbo
Comoros Mayotte, Moutsamoudou
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma, Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka
Congo, Republic of the Brazzaville, Djeno, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo, Pointe-Noire
Cook Islands Avatiu
Coral Sea Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Costa Rica Caldera, Puerto Limon
Cote d'Ivoire Abidjan, Aboisso, Dabou, San-Pedro
Croatia Omisalj, Ploce, Rijeka, Sibenik, Vukovar (on Danube)
Cuba Cienfuegos, Havana, Matanzas
Cyprus Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos
Czech Republic Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem
Denmark Aalborg, Aarhus, Asnaesvaerkets, Copenhagen, Elsinore, Ensted, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Frederikshavn, Graasten, Kalundborg, Odense, Roenne
Djibouti Djibouti
Dominica Portsmouth, Roseau
Dominican Republic Boca Chica, Puerto Plata, Rio Haina, Santo Domingo
East Timor Dili
Ecuador Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar
Egypt Alexandria, Damietta, El Dekheila, Port Said, Suez, Zeit
El Salvador Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco
Equatorial Guinea Malabo
Eritrea Assab, Massawa
Estonia Kopli, Kuivastu, Muuga, Tallinn, Virtsu
Ethiopia Ethiopia is landlocked and has used ports of Assab and Massawa in Eritrea and port of Djibouti
Europa Island none; offshore anchorage only
European Union Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Bremen (Germany), Copenhagen (Denmark), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Naples (Italy), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Riga (Latvia), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Stockholm (Sweden), Talinn (Estonia)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Stanley
Faroe Islands Torshavn
Fiji Lambasa, Lautoka, Suva
Finland Hamina, Hanko, Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Pori, Porvou, Raahe, Rauma, Turku
France Bordeaux, Calais, Dunkerque, La Pallice, Le Havre, Marseille, Nantes, Paris, Rouen, Strasbourg
French Guiana Degrad des Cannes
French Polynesia Papeete
French Southern and Antarctic Lands none; offshore anchorage only
Gabon Gamba, Libreville, Lucinda, Owendo, Port-Gentil
Gambia, The Banjul
Gaza Strip Gaza
Georgia Bat'umi, P'ot'i
Germany Bremen, Bremerhaven, Brunsbuttel, Duisburg, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Mainz, Rostock, Wilhemshaven
Ghana Takoradi, Tema
Gibraltar Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Greece Agioitheodoroi, Aspropyrgos, Irakleion, Pachi, Peiraiefs, Thessaloniki
Greenland Sisimiut
Grenada Saint George's
Guadeloupe Basse-Terre, Gustavia, Pointe-a-Pitre
Guam Apra Harbor
Guatemala Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla
Guernsey Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson
Guinea Kamsar
Guinea-Bissau Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim
Guyana Georgetown
Haiti Cap-Haitien
Heard Island and McDonald Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Honduras Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela
Hong Kong Hong Kong
Howland Island none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Hungary Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs (2003)
Iceland Grundartangi, Hafnarfjordur, Hornafjordhur, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur
India Chennai, Haldia, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), New Mangalore, Vishakhapatnam
Indian Ocean Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa)
Indonesia Banjarmasin, Belawan, Ciwandan, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok
Iran Assaluyeh, Bushehr
Iraq Al Basrah, Khawr az Zubayr, Umm Qasr
Ireland Cork, Dublin, New Ross, Shannon Foynes, Waterford
Israel Ashdod, Elat (Eilat), Hadera, Haifa
Italy Augusta, Genoa, Livorno, Melilli Oil Terminal, Ravenna, Taranto, Trieste, Venice
Jamaica Kingston, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Port Rhoades, Rocky Point
Jan Mayen none; offshore anchorage only
Japan Chiba, Kawasaki, Kiire, Kisarazu, Kobe, Mizushima, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo, Yohohama
Jarvis Island none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island
Jersey Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier
Johnston Atoll Johnston Island
Jordan Al 'Aqabah
Juan de Nova Island none; offshore anchorage only
Kazakhstan Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)
Kenya Mombasa
Kingman Reef none; offshore anchorage only
Kiribati Betio
Korea, North Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Kimch'aek, Kosong, Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Ungsang, Wonsan
Korea, South Inch'on, Masan, P'ohang, Pusan, Ulsan
Kuwait Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi, Mina' Su'ud
Kyrgyzstan Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)
Latvia Riga, Ventspils
Lebanon Beirut, Chekka, Jounie, Tripoli
Liberia Buchanan, Monrovia
Libya As Sidrah, Az Zuwaytinah, Marsa al Burayqah, Ra's Lanuf, Tripoli, Zawiyah
Liechtenstein none
Lithuania Klaipeda
Luxembourg Mertert
Macau Macau
Madagascar Antsiranana, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara
Malawi Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba
Malaysia Bintulu, Johor, Labuan, Lahad Datu, Lumut, Miri, George Town (Penang), Port Kelang, Tanjung Pelepas
Maldives Male
Mali Koulikoro
Malta Marsaxlokk, Valletta
Man, Isle of Castletown, Douglas, Ramsey
Marshall Islands Majuro
Martinique Fort-de-France, La Trinite, Marin
Mauritania Nouadhibou, Nouakchott
Mauritius Port Louis
Mayotte Dzaoudzi
Mexico Altamira, Manzanillo, Morro Redondo, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Veracruz
Micronesia, Federated States of Tomil Harbor
Midway Islands Sand Island
Monaco Monaco
Montserrat Plymouth
Morocco Agadir, Casablanca, Mohammedia, Nador, Safi, Tangier
Mozambique Beira, Maputo, Nacala
Namibia Luderitz, Walvis Bay
Nauru Nauru
Navassa Island none; offshore anchorage only
Netherlands Amsterdam, Groningen, Ijmuiden, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Vlissingen, Zaanstad
Netherlands Antilles Bopec Terminal, Fuik Bay, Kralendijk, Willemstad
New Caledonia Noumea
New Zealand Auckland, Lyttelton, Tauranga, Wellington, Whangarei
Nicaragua Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff
Niger none
Nigeria Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt
Niue none; offshore anchorage only
Norfolk Island none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade
Northern Mariana Islands Saipan, Tinian
Norway Borg Havn, Bergen, Mo i Rana, Molde, Mongstad, Narvik, Oslo, Sture
Oman Mina' Qabus, Salalah
Pacific Ocean Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong (China), Kao-hsiung (Taiwan), Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan (South Korea), San Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China), Singapore, Sydney (Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ), Yokohama (Japan)
Pakistan Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
Palau Koror
Palmyra Atoll West Lagoon
Panama Balboa, Colon, Cristobal
Papua New Guinea Kimbe, Lae, Rabaul
Paracel Islands small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island being expanded
Paraguay Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion
Peru Callao, Iquitos, Matarani, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries
Philippines Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Iligan, Iloilo, Manila, Surigao
Pitcairn Islands Adamstown (on Bounty Bay)
Poland Gdansk, Gdynia, Swinoujscie, Szczecin
Portugal Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines
Puerto Rico Las Mareas, Mayaguez, San Juan
Qatar Doha
Reunion Le Port
Romania Braila, Constanta, Galati, Tulcea
Russia Anapa, Kaliningrad, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Novorossiysk, Rostov-na-Donu, Saint Petersburg, Taganrog, Vanino, Vostochnyy
Rwanda Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye
Saint Helena Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre, Charlestown
Saint Lucia Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown
Samoa Apia
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Jiddah, Yanbu' al Sinaiyah
Senegal Dakar
Serbia and Montenegro Bar
Seychelles Victoria
Sierra Leone Freetown, Pepel, Sherbro Islands
Singapore Singapore
Slovakia Bratislava, Komarno
Slovenia Koper
Solomon Islands Honiara, Malloco Bay, Shortland Harbor, Viru Harbor, Yandina
Somalia Boosaaso, Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu
South Africa Cape Town, Durban, East London, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Grytviken
Southern Ocean McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica note: few ports or harbors exist on the southern side of the Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most of them to short periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private vessels; vessels in any port south of 60 degrees south are subject to inspection by Antarctic Treaty observers (see Article 7)
Spain Algeciras, Barcelona, Cartagena, Gijon, Huelva, La Coruna, Tarragona, Valencia
Spratly Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Sri Lanka Colombo, Galle
Sudan Port Sudan
Suriname Paramaribo
Svalbard Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Sweden Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Oxelosund, Stenungsund, Stockholm, Trelleborg
Switzerland Basel
Syria Baniyas, Latakia
Taiwan Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Kao-hsiung, Su-ao, T'ai-chung
Tanzania Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Zanzibar City
Thailand Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Prachuap Port, Si Racha
Togo Kpeme, Lome
Tokelau none; offshore anchorage only
Tonga Nuku'alofa
Trinidad and Tobago Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain
Tromelin Island none; offshore anchorage only
Tunisia Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Skhira
Turkey Aliaga, Ambarli, Eregli, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Kocaeli (Izmit), Skhira, Toros
Turkmenistan Turkmenbasy
Turks and Caicos Islands Grand Turk, Providenciales
Tuvalu Funafuti
Uganda Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
Ukraine Feodosiya, Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Reni, Yuzhnyy
United Arab Emirates Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Sharjan
United Kingdom Hound Point, Immingham, Milford Haven, Liverpool, London, Southampton, Sullom Voe, Teesport
United States Corpus Christi, Duluth, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Tampa, Texas City note: 13 ports north of New Orleans (South Louisiana Ports) on the Mississippi River handle 290,000,000 tons of cargo annually.
Uruguay Montevideo
Uzbekistan Termiz (Amu Darya)
Vanuatu Forari, Port-Vila, Santo (Espiritu Santo)
Venezuela Amuay, La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon
Vietnam Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City
Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie, Limetree Bay
Wake Island none; two offshore anchorages for large ships
Wallis and Futuna Leava, Mata-Utu
Western Sahara Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun)
Yemen Aden, Nishtun
Zambia Mpulungu
Zimbabwe Binga, Kariba
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2121 Railways (km)
Albania total: 447 km standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Algeria total: 3,973 km standard gauge: 2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2004)
Angola total: 2,761 km narrow gauge: 2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2004)
Argentina total: 34,091 km (167 km electrified) broad gauge: 20,594 km 1.676-m gauge (141 km electrified) standard gauge: 2,885 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified) narrow gauge: 10,375 km 1.000-m gauge; 237 km 0.750-m gauge (2004)
Armenia total: 845 km broad gauge: 845 km 1.520-m gauge (828 km electrified) note: some lines are out of service (2004)
Australia total: 54,439 km (3859 km electrified) broad gauge: 5,434 km 1.600-m gauge standard gauge: 34,110 km 1.435-m gauge (1,397 km electrified) narrow gauge: 14,895 km 1.067-m gauge (2,462 km electrified) dual gauge: 213 km dual gauge (2004)
Austria total: 6,021 km (3,552 km electrified) standard gauge: 5,565 km 1.435-m gauge (3,430 km electrified) narrow gauge: 34 km 1.000-m gauge (28 km electrified); 422 km 0.760-m gauge (94 km electrified) (2004)
Azerbaijan total: 2,957 km broad gauge: 2,957 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (2004)
Bangladesh total: 2,706 km broad gauge: 884 km 1.676-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Belarus total: 5,512 km broad gauge: 5,497 km 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified) standard gauge: 15 km 1.435-m (2004)
Belgium total: 3,521 km standard gauge: 3,521 km 1.435-m gauge (2,927 km electrified) (2004)
Benin total: 578 km narrow gauge: 578 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Bolivia total: 3,519 km narrow gauge: 3,519 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 1,021 km (795 km electrified) standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Botswana total: 888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Brazil total: 29,412 km (1,567 km electrified) broad gauge: 4,907 km 1.600-m gauge (908 km electrified) standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge narrow gauge: 23,915 km 1.000-m gauge (581 km electrified) dual gauge: 396 km 1.000-m and 1.600-m gauges (three rails) (78 km electrified) (2004)
Bulgaria total: 4,294 km standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,710 km electrified) narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (2004)
Burkina Faso total: 622 km narrow gauge: 622 km 1.000-m gauge note:: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote D'Ivoire (2004)
Burma total: 3,955 km narrow gauge: 3,955 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Cambodia total: 602 km narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Cameroon total: 1,008 km narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Canada total: 48,683 km standard gauge: 48,683 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Chile total: 6,585 km broad gauge: 2,831 km 1.676-m gauge (1,317 km electrified) narrow gauge: 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
China total: 71,898 km standard gauge: 71,898 km 1.435-m gauge (18,115 km electrified) dual gauge: 23,945 km (multiple track not included in total) (2002)
Colombia total: 3,304 km standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 3,154 km 0.914-m gauge (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 5,138 km narrow gauge: 3,987 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge (2004)
Congo, Republic of the total: 894 km narrow gauge: 894 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Costa Rica total: 278 km narrow gauge: 278 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire total: 660 km narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000-meter gauge note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso (2004)
Croatia total: 2,726 km standard gauge: 2,726 km 1.435-m gauge (984 km electrified) (2004)
Cuba total: 4,226 km standard gauge: 4,226 km 1.435-m gauge (140 km electrified) note: an additional 7,742 km of track is used by sugar plantations; about 65% of this track is standard gauge; the rest is narrow gauge (2004)
Czech Republic total: 9,543 km standard gauge: 9,421 km 1.435-m gauge (2,893 km electrified) narrow gauge: 122 km 0.760-m gauge (23 km electrified) (2004)
Denmark total: 2,628 km standard gauge: 2,628 km 1.435-m gauge (595 km electrified) (2004)
Djibouti total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway) narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2004)
Dominican Republic total: 1,743 km standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 142 km 0.762-m gauge note: additional 1,226 km operated by sugar companies in 1.076-m, 0.889-m, and 0.762-m gauges (2004)
Ecuador total: 966 km narrow gauge: 966 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Egypt total: 5,063 km standard gauge: 5,063 km 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified) (2004)
El Salvador total: 283 km narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge note: length of operational route reduced from 562 km to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2004)
Eritrea total: 306 km narrow gauge: 306 km 0.950-m gauge (2004)
Estonia total: 958 km broad gauge: 958 km 1.520-m/1.524-m gauge (132 km electrified) (2004)
Ethiopia total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2004)
European Union total: 222,293 km broad gauge: 28,438 km standard gauge: 186,405 km narrow gauge: 7,427 km other: 23 km (2003)
Fiji total: 597 km narrow gauge: 597 km 0.600-m gauge note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during harvest season (May to December) (2003)
Finland total: 5,851 km broad gauge: 5,851 km 1.524-m gauge (2,400 km electrified) (2004)
France total: 29,519 km standard gauge: 29,352 km 1.435-m gauge (14,481 km electrified) narrow gauge: 167 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Gabon total: 814 km standard gauge: 814 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Georgia total: 1,612 km (1,612 km electrified) broad gauge: 1,575 km 1.520-m gauge (1,575 electrified) narrow gauge: 37 km 0.912-m gauge (37 electrified) (2004)
Germany total: 46,142 km (20,100 km electrified) standard gauge: 45,928 km 1.435-m gauge (20,084 km electrified) narrow gauge: 214 km 1.000-m gauge (16 km electrified); 24 km 0.750-m gauge (2004)
Ghana total: 953 km narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Greece total: 2,571 km (764 km electrified) standard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge dual gauge: 23 km combined 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (three rail system) (2004)
Guatemala total: 886 km narrow gauge: 886 km 0.914-m gauge (2004)
Guinea total: 837 km standard gauge: 175 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 662 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Guyana total: 187 km standard gauge: 139 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 48 km 0.914-m gauge note: all dedicated to ore transport (2001 est.)
Honduras total: 699 km narrow gauge: 279 km 1.067-m gauge; 420 km 0.914-m gauge (2004)
Hungary total: 7,937 km broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 7,682 km 1.435-m gauge (2,628 km electrified) narrow gauge: 219 km 0.760-m gauge (2004)
India total: 63,230 km (16,693 km electrified) broad gauge: 45,718 km 1.676-m gauge narrow gauge: 14,406 km 1.000-m gauge; 3,106 km 0.762-m gauge and 0.610-m gauge (2004)
Indonesia total: 6,458 km narrow gauge: 5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (125 km electrified); 497 km 0.750-m gauge (2004)
Iran total: 7,203 km broad gauge: 94 km 1.676-m gauge standard gauge: 7,109 km 1.435-m gauge (189 km electrified) (2004)
Iraq total: 2,200 km standard gauge: 2,200 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Ireland total: 3,312 km broad gauge: 1,947 km 1.600-m gauge (46 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,365 km 0.914-m gauge (operated by the Irish Peat Board to transport peat to power stations and briquetting plants) (2004)
Israel total: 640 km standard gauge: 640 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Italy total: 19,319 km (11,613 km electrified) standard gauge: 18,001 km 1.435-m gauge (11,333 km electrified) narrow gauge: 123 km 1.000-m gauge (122 km electrified); 1,195 km 0.950-m gauge (158 km electrified) (2004)
Jamaica total: 272 km standard gauge: 272 km 1.435-m gauge note: 207 of these km belonging to the Jamaica Railway Corporation had been in common carrier service until 1992 but are no longer operational; 57 km of the remaining track is privately owned and used by ALCAN to transport bauxite (2003)
Japan total: 23,577 km (16,519 km electrified) standard gauge: 3,204 km 1.435-m gauge (3,204 km electrified) narrow gauge: 77 km 1.372-m gauge (77 km electrified); 20,265 km 1.067-m gauge (13,227 km electrified); 11 km 0.762-m gauge (11 km electrified) (2004)
Jordan total: 505 km narrow gauge: 505 km 1.050-m gauge (2004)
Kazakhstan total: 13,700 km broad gauge: 13,700 km 1.520-m gauge (3,700 km electrified) (2004)
Kenya total: 2,778 km narrow gauge: 2,778 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Korea, North total: 5,214 km standard gauge: 5,214 km 1.435-m gauge (3,500 km electrified) (2004)
Korea, South total: 3,472 km standard gauge: 3,472 km 1.435-m gauge (1,342 km electrified) (2004)
Kyrgyzstan total: 470 km broad gauge: 470 km 1.520-m gauge (2004)
Latvia total: 2,303 km broad gauge: 2,270 km 1.520-m gauge (257 km electrified) narrow gauge: 33 km 0.750-m gauge (2004)
Lebanon total: 401 km standard gauge: 319 km 1.435-m narrow gauge: 82 km 1.050-m note: rail system became unusable because of damage during the civil war in the 1980s; short sections are operable (2004)
Liberia total: 490 km standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 145 km 1.067-m gauge note: none of the railways are in operation because of the civil war (2004)
Libya 0 km note: Libya is working on 7 lines totaling 2,757 km of 1.435-m gauge track; it hopes to have trains running by 2008 (2004)
Lithuania total: 1,998 km broad gauge: 1,807 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified) standard gauge: 22 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 169 km 0.750-m gauge (2004)
Luxembourg total: 274 km standard gauge: 274 km 1.435-m gauge (242 km electrified) (2004)
Macedonia total: 699 km standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km electrified) (2004)
Madagascar total: 732 km narrow gauge: 732 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Malawi total: 797 km narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Malaysia total: 1,890 km (207 km electrified) standard gauge: 57 km 1.435-m gauge (57 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,833 km 1.000-m gauge (150 km electrified) (2004)
Mali total: 729 km narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Man, Isle of total: 61 km (35 km electrified) (2003)
Mauritania 717 km standard gauge: 717 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Mexico total: 17,634 km standard gauge: 17,634 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Moldova total: 1,138 km broad gauge: 1,124 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 14 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Mongolia total: 1,810 km broad gauge: 1,810 km 1.524-m gauge (2004)
Morocco total: 1,907 km standard gauge: 1,907 km 1.435-m gauge (1,003 km electrified) (2004)
Mozambique total: 3,123 km narrow gauge: 2,983 km 1.067-m gauge; 140 km 0.762-m gauge (2004)
Namibia total: 2,382 km narrow gauge: 2,382 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Nepal total: 59 km narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (2004)
Netherlands total: 2,808 km standard gauge: 2,808 km 1.435-m gauge (2,061 km electrified) (2004)
New Zealand total: 3,898 km narrow gauge: 3,898 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2004)
Nicaragua total: 6 km narrow gauge: 6 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Nigeria total: 3,557 km narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge standard gauge: 52 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Norway total: 4,077 km standard gauge: 4,077 km 1.435-m gauge (2,518 km electrified) (2004)
Pakistan total: 8,163 km broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified) narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Panama total: 355 km standard gauge: 76 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 279 km 0.914-m gauge (2004)
Paraguay total: 441 km standard gauge: 441 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Peru total: 3,462 km standard gauge: 2,962 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 500 km 0.914-m gauge (2004)
Philippines total: 897 km narrow gauge: 897 km 1.067-m gauge (492 km are in operation) (2004)
Poland total: 23,852 km broad gauge: 629 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 23,223 km 1.435-m gauge (20,555 km operational) (11,962 km electrified) (2004)
Portugal total: 2,850 km broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified) narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Puerto Rico total: 96 km narrow gauge: 96 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Romania total: 11,385 km (3,888 km electrified) standard gauge: 10,898 km 1.435-m gauge broad gauge: 60 km 1.524-m gauge narrow gauge: 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2004)
Russia total: 87,157 km broad gauge: 86,200 km 1.520-m gauge (40,300 km electrified) narrow gauge: 957 km 1.067-m gauge (on Sakhalin Island) note: an additional 30,000 km of non-common carrier lines serve industries (2004)
Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 50 km narrow gauge: 50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts to serve sugarcane plantations during harvest season (2003)
Saudi Arabia total: 1,392 km standard gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings) (2004)
Senegal total: 906 km narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter gauge (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro total: 4,380 km standard gauge: 4,380 km 1.435-m gauge (1,364 km electrified) (2004)
Slovakia total: 3,662 km broad gauge: 100 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 3,512 km 1.435-m gauge (1,588 km electrified) narrow gauge: 50 km (1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge) (2004)
Slovenia total: 1,201 km standard gauge: 1,201 km 1.435-m gauge (499 km electrified) (2004)
South Africa total: 20,872 km narrow gauge: 20,436 km 1.065-m gauge (10,436 km electrified); 436 km 0.610-m gauge note: includes a 1,210 km commuter rail system (2004)
Spain total: 14,781 km (7,718 km electrified) broad gauge: 11,829 km 1.668-m gauge (6,950 km electrified) standard gauge: 998 km 1.435-m gauge (998 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,926 km 1.000-m gauge (815 km electrified); 28 km 0.914-m gauge (28 km electrified) (2004)
Sri Lanka total: 1,449 km broad gauge: 1,449 km 1.676-m gauge (2004)
Sudan total: 5,995 km narrow gauge: 4,595 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km .600-m gauge for cotton plantations (2004)
Swaziland total: 301 km narrow gauge: 301 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Sweden total: 11,481 km standard gauge: 11,481 km 1.435-m gauge (9,400 km electrified) (2004)
Switzerland total: 4,527 km standard gauge: 3,232 km 1.435-m gauge (3,211 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,285 km 1.000-m gauge (1,273 km electrified); 10 km 0.800-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2004)
Syria total: 2,711 km standard gauge: 2,460 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 251 km 1.050-m gauge (2004)
Taiwan total: 2,497 km narrow gauge: 1,097 km 1.067-m gauge (685 km electrified) note: 1,400 km .762-m gauge (belonging to the Taiwan Sugar Corporation and to the Taiwan Forestry Bureau used to haul products and limited numbers of passengers (2004)
Tajikistan total: 482 km broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge (2004)
Tanzania total: 3,690 km narrow gauge: 969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,721 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Thailand total: 4,071 km narrow gauge: 4,071 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Togo total: 568 km narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Tunisia total: 2,152 km standard gauge: 468 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,674 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) dual gauge: 10 km 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (three rails) (2004)
Turkey total: 8,697 km standard gauge: 8,697 km 1.435-m gauge (2,122 km electrified) (2004)
Turkmenistan total: 2,440 km broad gauge: 2,440 km 1.520-m gauge (2004)
Uganda total: 1,241 km narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Ukraine total: 22,473 km broad gauge: 22,473 km 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km electrified) (2004)
United Kingdom total: 17,274 km standard gauge: 16,814 km 1.435-m gauge (5,296 km electrified) broad gauge: 460 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Ireland) (2004)
United States total: 227,736 km standard gauge: 227,736 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)
Uruguay total: 2,073 km standard gauge: 2,073 km 1.435-m gauge note: 461 km have been taken out of service and 460 km are in partial use (2004)
Uzbekistan total: 3,950 km broad gauge: 3,950 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2004)
Venezuela total: 682 km standard gauge: 682 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Vietnam total: 2,600 km standard gauge: 178 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 2,169 km 1.000-m gauge dual gauge: 253 km three-rail track combining 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (2004)
World total: 1,115,205 km broad gauge: 257,481 km standard gauge: 671,413 km narrow gauge: 186,311 km (2003)
Zambia total: 2,173 km narrow gauge: 2,173 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2004)
Zimbabwe total: 3,077 km narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2122 Religions (%)
Afghanistan Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1%
Albania Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% note: percentages are estimates; there are no available current statistics on religious affiliation; all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice
Algeria Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%
American Samoa Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30%
Andorra Roman Catholic (predominant)
Angola indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)
Anguilla Anglican 29%, Methodist 23.9%, other Protestant 30.2%, Roman Catholic 5.7%, other Christian 1.7%, other 5.2%, none or unspecified 4.3% (2001 Census)
Antigua and Barbuda Christian, (predominantly Anglican with other Protestant, and some Roman Catholic)
Argentina nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%
Armenia Armenian Apostolic 94.7%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi (monotheist with elements of nature worship) 1.3%
Aruba Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish
Australia Catholic 26.4%, Anglican 20.5%, other Christian 20.5%, Buddhist 1.9%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 12.7%, none 15.3% (2001 Census)
Austria Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%, none 12% (2001 census)
Azerbaijan Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.) note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower
Bahamas, The Baptist 35.4%, Anglican 15.1%, Roman Catholic 13.5%, Pentecostal 8.1%, Church of God 4.8%, Methodist 4.2%, other Christian 15.2%, none or unspecified 2.9%, other 0.8% (2000 census)
Bahrain Muslim (Shi'a and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8% (2001 census)
Bangladesh Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, other 1% (1998)
Barbados Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%), Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, other 12%
Belarus Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.)
Belgium Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25%
Belize Roman Catholic 49.6%, Protestant 27% (Pentecostal 7.4%, Anglican 5.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5.2%, Mennonite 4.1%, Methodist 3.5%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%), other 14%, none 9.4% (2000)
Benin indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%
Bermuda Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 15%, African Methodist Episcopal 11%, other Protestant 18%, other 12%, unaffiliated 6%, unspecified 1%, none 14% (2000 census)
Bhutan Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%
Bolivia Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) 5%
Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 14%
Botswana Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6% (2001 census)
Brazil Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spriritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census)
British Virgin Islands Protestant 86% (Methodist 33%, Anglican 17%, Church of God 9%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6%, Baptist 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%, other 15%), Roman Catholic 10%, none 2%, other 2% (1991)
Brunei Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Bulgaria Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%, Muslim 12.2%, other Christian 1.2%, other 4% (2001 census)
Burkina Faso indigenous beliefs 40%, Muslim 50%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%
Burma Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, animist 1%, other 2%
Burundi Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%
Cambodia Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%
Cameroon indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Canada Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16% (2001 census)
Cape Verde Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)
Cayman Islands United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Church of God, other Protestant, Roman Catholic
Central African Republic indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15% note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority
Chad Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%
Chile Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish NEGL%
China Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim 1%-2%, Christian 3%-4% note: officially atheist (2002 est.)
Christmas Island Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Sunni Muslim 80%, other 20% (2002 est.)
Colombia Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%
Comoros Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10%
Congo, Republic of the Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%
Cook Islands Cook Islands Christian Church 55.9%, Roman Catholic 16.8%, Seventh Day Saint 7.9%, Church of Latter Day Saints 3.8%, other Protestant 5.8%, other 4.2%, unspecified 2.6%, none 3% (2001 census)
Costa Rica Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%, other Protestant 0.7%, other 4.8%, none 3.2%
Cote d'Ivoire Christian 20-30%, Muslim 35-40%, indigenous 25-40% (2001) note: the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim (70%) and Christian (20%)
Croatia Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)
Cuba nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented
Cyprus Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian Apostolic, and other 4%
Czech Republic Roman Catholic 26.8%, Protestant 2.1%, other 3.3%, unspecified 8.8%, unaffiliated 59% (2001 census)
Denmark Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslim 2%
Djibouti Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
Dominica Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), other 6%, none 2%
Dominican Republic Roman Catholic 95%
East Timor Roman Catholic 90%, Muslim 4%, Protestant 3%, Hindu 0.5%, Buddhist, Animist (1992 est.)
Ecuador Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%
Egypt Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94%, Coptic Christian and other 6%
El Salvador Roman Catholic 83%, other 17% note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices
Eritrea Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant
Estonia Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other and unspecified 32%, none 6.1% (2000 census)
Ethiopia Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8%
European Union Roman Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Muslim, Jewish
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Faroe Islands Evangelical Lutheran
Fiji Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Muslim 8%, other 2% note: Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu, and there is a Muslim minority (1986)
Finland Lutheran National Church 84.2%, Greek Orthodox in Finland 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 13.5% (2003)
France Roman Catholic 83%-88%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 5%-10%, unaffiliated 4%
French Guiana Roman Catholic
French Polynesia Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 10%, no religion 6%
Gabon Christian 55%-75%, animist, Muslim less than 1%
Gambia, The Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Gaza Strip Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6%
Georgia Orthodox Christian 83.9%, Armenian-Gregorian 3.9%, Catholic 0.8%, Muslim 9.9%, other 0.8%, none 0.7% (2002 census)
Germany Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
Ghana Christian 63%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 21%
Gibraltar Roman Catholic 78.1%, Church of England 7%, other Christian 3.2%, Muslim 4%, Jewish 2.1%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 0.9%, none 2.9% (2001 census)
Greece Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%
Greenland Evangelical Lutheran
Grenada Roman Catholic 53%, Anglican 13.8%, other Protestant 33.2%
Guadeloupe Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 4%, Protestant 1%
Guam Roman Catholic 85%, other 15% (1999 est.)
Guatemala Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous Mayan beliefs
Guernsey Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist
Guinea Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%
Guinea-Bissau indigenous beliefs 50%, Muslim 45%, Christian 5%
Guyana Christian 50%, Hindu 35%, Muslim 10%, other 5%
Haiti Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982) note: roughly half of the population practices Voodoo
Holy See (Vatican City) Roman Catholic
Honduras Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 3%
Hong Kong eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%
Hungary Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census)
Iceland Lutheran Church of Iceland 85.5%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.1%, Roman Catholic Church 2%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 1.5%, other Christian 2.7%, other or unspecified 3.8%, unaffiliated 2.4% (2004)
India Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)
Indonesia Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1998)
Iran Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni Muslim 9%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 2%
Iraq Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%
Ireland Roman Catholic 88.4%, Church of Ireland 3%, other Christian 1.6%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2%, none 3.5% (2002 census)
Israel Jewish 76.5%, Muslim 15.9%, Arab Christians 1.7%, other Christian 0.4%, Druze 1.6%, unspecified 3.9% (2003)
Italy predominately Roman Catholic with mature Protestant and Jewish communities and a growing Muslim immigrant community
Jamaica Protestant 61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Baptist 8.8%, Anglican 5.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Methodist 2.7%, United Church 2.7%, Brethren 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%, Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other including some spiritual cults 34.7%
Japan observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)
Jersey Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian
Jordan Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 6% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), other 2% (several small Shi'a Muslim and Druze populations) (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%
Kenya Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Muslim 10%, other 2% note: a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely
Kiribati Roman Catholic 52%, Protestant (Congregational) 40%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Muslim, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, and Church of God (1999)
Korea, North traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) note: autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom
Korea, South no affiliation 46%, Christian 26%, Buddhist 26%, Confucianist 1%, other 1%
Kuwait Muslim 85% (Sunni 70%, Shi'a 30%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15%
Kyrgyzstan Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%
Laos Buddhist 60%, animist and other 40% (including various Christian denominations 1.5%)
Latvia Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Russian Orthodox
Lebanon Muslim 59.7% (Shi'a, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri), Christian 39% (Maronite Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Syrian Catholic, Armenian Catholic, Syrian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Chaldean, Assyrian, Copt, Protestant), other 1.3% note: seventeen religious sects recognized
Lesotho Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%
Liberia indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Libya Sunni Muslim 97%
Liechtenstein Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)
Lithuania Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4.1%, Protestant (including Lutheran and Evangelical Christian Baptist) 1.9%, other or unspecified 5.5%, none 9.5% (2001 census)
Luxembourg 87% Roman Catholic, 13% Protestants, Jews, and Muslims (2000)
Macau Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Macedonia Macedonian Orthodox 32.4%, other Christian 0.2%, Muslim 16.9%, other and unspecified 50.5% (2002 census)
Madagascar indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%
Malawi Christian 79.9%, Muslim 12.8%, other 3%, none 4.3% (1998 census)
Malaysia Muslim, Buddhist, Daoist, Hindu, Christian, Sikh; note - in addition, Shamanism is practiced in East Malaysia
Maldives Sunni Muslim
Mali Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%
Malta Roman Catholic 98%
Man, Isle of Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Society of Friends
Marshall Islands Protestant 54.8%, Assembly of God 25.8%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, Bukot nan Jesus 2.8%, Mormon 2.1%, other Christian 3.6%, other 1%, none 1.5% (1999 census)
Martinique Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 10.5%, Muslim 0.5%, Hindu 0.5%, other 3.5% (1997)
Mauritania Muslim 100%
Mauritius Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, other Christian 8.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)
Mayotte Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Mexico nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5%
Micronesia, Federated States of Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%
Moldova Eastern Orthodox 98%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist and other 0.5% (2000)
Monaco Roman Catholic 90%
Mongolia Buddhist Lamaist 50%, none 40%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4% (2004)
Montserrat Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations
Morocco Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2%
Mozambique Catholic 23.8%, Zionist Christian 17.5%, Muslim 17.8%, other 17.8%, none 23.1% (1997 census)
Namibia Christian 80% to 90% (Lutheran 50% at least), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%
Nauru Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Nepal Hindu 80.6%, Buddhist 10.7%, Muslim 4.2%, Kirant 3.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census) note: only official Hindu state in the world
Netherlands Roman Catholic 31%, Dutch Reformed 13%, Calvinist 7%, Muslim 5.5%, other 2.5%, none 41% (2002)
Netherlands Antilles Roman Catholic 72%, Pentecostal 4.9%, Protestant 3.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.1%, Methodist 2.9%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.7%, other Christian 4.2%, Jewish 1.3%, other or unspecified 1.2%, none 5.2% (2001 census)
New Caledonia Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%
New Zealand Anglican 14.9%, Roman Catholic 12.4%, Presbyterian 10.9%, Methodist 2.9%, Pentecostal 1.7%, Baptist 1.3%, other Christian 9.4%, other 3.3%, unspecified 17.2%, none 26% (2001 census)
Nicaragua Roman Catholic 72.9%, Evangelical 15.1%, Moravian 1.5%, Episcopal 0.1%, other 1.9%, none 8.5% (1995 census)
Niger Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian
Nigeria Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Niue Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 61.1%, Latter-Day Saints 8.8%, Roman Catholic 7.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, other 8.4%, unspecified 8.7%, none 1.9% (2001 census)
Norfolk Island Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census)
Northern Mariana Islands Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found)
Norway Church of Norway 85.7%, Pentecostal 1%, Roman Catholic 1%, other Christian 2.4%, Muslim 1.8%, other 8.1% (2004)
Oman Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu
Pakistan Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Palau Roman Catholic 41.6%, Protestant 23.3%, Modekngei 8.8% (indigenous to Palau), Seventh-Day Adventist 5.3%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, Latter-Day Saints 0.6%, other religion 3.1%, unspecified or none 16.4% (2000 census)
Panama Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%
Papua New Guinea Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%
Paraguay Roman Catholic 90%, Mennonite and other Protestant 10%
Peru Roman Catholic 81%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other Christian 0.7%, other 0.6%, unspecified or none 16.3% (2003 est.)
Philippines Roman Catholic 80.9%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, Muslim 5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)
Pitcairn Islands Seventh-Day Adventist 100%
Poland Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002)
Portugal Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)
Puerto Rico Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%
Qatar Muslim 95%
Reunion Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Romania Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)
Russia Russian Orthodox, Muslim, other
Rwanda Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (2001)
Saint Helena Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Saint Kitts and Nevis Anglican, other Protestant, Roman Catholic
Saint Lucia Roman Catholic 67.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.5%, Pentecostal 5.7%, Anglican 2%, Evangelical 2%, other Christian 5.1%, Rastafarian 2.1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.5%, none 4.5% (2001 census)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Roman Catholic 99%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%, Roman Catholic 13%, Hindu, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Protestant
Samoa Congregationalist 34.8%, Roman Catholic 19.6%, Methodist 15%, Latter-Day Saints 12.7%, Assembly of God 6.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.5%, other Christian 4.5%, Worship Centre 1.3%, other 1.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)
San Marino Roman Catholic
Sao Tome and Principe Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census)
Saudi Arabia Muslim 100%
Senegal Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Serbia and Montenegro Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Seychelles Roman Catholic 82.3%, Anglican 6.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.1%, other Christian 3.4%, Hindu 2.1%, Muslim 1.1%, other non-Christian 1.5%, unspecified 1.5%, none 0.6% (2002 census)
Sierra Leone Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%
Singapore Buddhist 42.5%, Muslim 14.9%, Taoist 8.5%, Hindu 4%, Catholic 4.8%, other Christian 9.8%, other 0.7%, none 14.8% (2000 census)
Slovakia Roman Catholic 68.9%, Protestant 10.8%, Greek Catholic 4.1%, other or unspecified 3.2%, none 13% (2001 census)
Slovenia Catholic 57.8%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 2.4%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)
Solomon Islands Church of Melanesia 32.8%, Roman Catholic 19%, South Seas Evangelical 17%, Seventh-Day Adventist 11.2%, United Church 10.3%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.4%, other Christian 4.4%, other 2.4%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.2% (1999 census)
Somalia Sunni Muslim
South Africa Zion Christian 11.1%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2%, Catholic 7.1%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7%, Anglican 3.8%, other Christian 36%, Islam 1.5%, other 2.3%, unspecified 1.4%, none 15.1% (2001 census)
Spain Roman Catholic 94%, other 6%
Sri Lanka Buddhist 69.1%, Muslim 7.6%, Hindu 7.1%, Christian 6.2%, unspecified 10% (2001 census provisional data)
Sudan Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)
Suriname Hindu 27.4%, Protestant 25.2% (predominantly Moravian), Roman Catholic 22.8%, Muslim 19.6%, indigenous beliefs 5%
Swaziland Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish and other 30%
Sweden Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist
Switzerland Roman Catholic 41.8%, Protestant 35.3%, Orthodox 1.8%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 4.3%, other 1%, unspecified 4.3%, none 11.1% (2000 census)
Syria Sunni Muslim 74%, Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects 16%, Christian (various sects) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo)
Taiwan mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%
Tajikistan Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)
Tanzania mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Thailand Buddhist 94.6%, Muslim 4.6%, Christian 0.7%, other 0.1% (2000 census)
Togo indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
Tokelau Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant
Tonga Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Trinidad and Tobago Roman Catholic 26%, Hindu 22.5%, Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%, Pentecostal 6.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4%, other Christian 5.8%, Muslim 5.8%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none 1.9% (2000 census)
Tunisia Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Turkey Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
Turkmenistan Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
Turks and Caicos Islands Baptist 40%, Methodist 16%, Anglican 18%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990)
Tuvalu Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Uganda Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%
Ukraine Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate 19%, Orthodox (no particular jurisdiction) 16%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 9%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 6%, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 1.7%, Protestant, Jewish, none 38% (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%
United Kingdom Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)
United States Protestant 52%, Roman Catholic 24%, Mormon 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 1%, other 10%, none 10% (2002 est.)
Uruguay Roman Catholic 66% (less than half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31%
Uzbekistan Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Vanuatu Presbyterian 31.4%, Anglican 13.4%, Roman Catholic 13.1%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%, other Christian 13.8%, indigenous beliefs 5.6% (including Jon Frum cargo cult), other 9.6%, none 1%, unspecified 1.3% (1999 Census)
Venezuela nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%
Vietnam Buddhist 9.3%, Catholic 6.7%, Hoa Hao 1.5%, Cao Dai 1.1%, Protestant 0.5%, Muslim 0.1%, none 80.8% (1999 census)
Virgin Islands Baptist 42%, Roman Catholic 34%, Episcopalian 17%, other 7%
Wallis and Futuna Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%
West Bank Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8%
Western Sahara Muslim
World Christians 32.84% (of which Roman Catholics 17.34%, Protestants 5.78%, Orthodox 3.44%, Anglicans 1.27%), Muslims 19.9%, Hindus 13.29%, Buddhists 5.92%, Sikhs 0.39%, Jews 0.23%, other religions 12.63%, non-religious 12.44%, atheists 2.36% (2003 est.)
Yemen Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu
Zambia Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Zimbabwe syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2123 Suffrage
Afghanistan 18 years of age; universal
Albania 18 years of age; universal
Algeria 18 years of age; universal
American Samoa 18 years of age; universal
Andorra 18 years of age; universal
Angola 18 years of age; universal
Anguilla 18 years of age; universal
Antigua and Barbuda 18 years of age; universal
Argentina 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Armenia 18 years of age; universal
Aruba 18 years of age; universal
Australia 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Austria 18 years of age; universal; compulsory for presidential elections
Azerbaijan 18 years of age; universal
Bahamas, The 18 years of age; universal
Bahrain 18 years of age; universal
Bangladesh 18 years of age; universal
Barbados 18 years of age; universal
Belarus 18 years of age; universal
Belgium 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Belize 18 years of age; universal
Benin 18 years of age; universal
Bermuda 18 years of age; universal
Bhutan each family has one vote in village-level elections; note - in late 2003 Bhutan's legislature passed a new election law
Bolivia 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 18 years of age, universal
Botswana 18 years of age; universal
Brazil voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote
British Virgin Islands 18 years of age; universal
Brunei none
Bulgaria 18 years of age; universal
Burkina Faso universal
Burma 18 years of age; universal
Burundi NA years of age; universal adult
Cambodia 18 years of age; universal
Cameroon 20 years of age; universal
Canada 18 years of age; universal
Cape Verde 18 years of age; universal
Cayman Islands 18 years of age; universal
Central African Republic 21 years of age; universal
Chad 18 years of age; universal
Chile 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
China 18 years of age; universal
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 18 years of age; universal
Comoros 18 years of age; universal
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Congo, Republic of the 18 years of age; universal
Cook Islands NA years of age; universal adult
Costa Rica 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Cote d'Ivoire 18 years of age; universal
Croatia 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Cuba 16 years of age; universal
Cyprus 18 years of age; universal
Czech Republic 18 years of age; universal
Denmark 18 years of age; universal
Djibouti 18 years of age; universal adult
Dominica 18 years of age; universal
Dominican Republic 18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age note: members of the armed forces and national police cannot vote
East Timor 17 years of age; universal
Ecuador 18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters
Egypt 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
El Salvador 18 years of age; universal
Equatorial Guinea 18 years of age; universal adult
Eritrea 18 years of age; universal
Estonia 18 years of age; universal for all Estonian citizens
Ethiopia 18 years of age; universal
European Union 18 years of age; universal
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 18 years of age; universal
Faroe Islands 18 years of age; universal
Fiji 21 years of age; universal
Finland 18 years of age; universal
France 18 years of age; universal
French Guiana 18 years of age; universal
French Polynesia 18 years of age; universal
Gabon 21 years of age; universal
Gambia, The 18 years of age; universal
Georgia 18 years of age; universal
Germany 18 years of age; universal
Ghana 18 years of age; universal
Gibraltar 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more
Greece 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Greenland 18 years of age; universal
Grenada 18 years of age; universal
Guadeloupe 18 years of age; universal
Guam 18 years of age; universal; US citizens, but do not vote in US presidential elections
Guatemala 18 years of age; universal (active duty members of the armed forces may not vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day)
Guernsey 18 years of age; universal
Guinea 18 years of age; universal
Guinea-Bissau 18 years of age; universal
Guyana 18 years of age; universal
Haiti 18 years of age; universal
Holy See (Vatican City) limited to cardinals less than 80 years old
Honduras 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Hong Kong direct election 18 years of age; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past seven years; indirect election limited to about 200,000 members of functional constituencies and an 800-member election committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Hungary 18 years of age; universal
Iceland 18 years of age; universal
India 18 years of age; universal
Indonesia 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
Iran 15 years of age; universal
Iraq formerly 18 years of age; universal
Ireland 18 years of age; universal
Israel 18 years of age; universal
Italy 18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25)
Jamaica 18 years of age; universal
Japan 20 years of age; universal
Jersey NA years of age; universal adult
Jordan 18 years of age; universal
Kazakhstan 18 years of age; universal
Kenya 18 years of age; universal
Kiribati 18 years of age; universal
Korea, North 17 years of age; universal
Korea, South 20 years of age; universal
Kuwait adult males who have been naturalized for 30 years or more or have resided in Kuwait since before 1920 and their male descendants at age 21 note: only 10% of all citizens are eligible to vote; in 1996, naturalized citizens who do not meet the pre-1920 qualification but have been naturalized for 30 years were eligible to vote for the first time
Kyrgyzstan 18 years of age; universal
Laos 18 years of age; universal
Latvia 18 years of age; universal for Latvian citizens
Lebanon 21 years of age; compulsory for all males; authorized for women at age 21 with elementary education
Lesotho 18 years of age; universal
Liberia 18 years of age; universal
Libya 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Liechtenstein 18 years of age; universal
Lithuania 18 years of age; universal
Luxembourg 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Macau direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Macedonia 18 years of age; universal
Madagascar 18 years of age; universal
Malawi 18 years of age; universal
Malaysia 21 years of age; universal
Maldives 21 years of age; universal
Mali 18 years of age; universal
Malta 18 years of age; universal
Man, Isle of 18 years of age; universal
Marshall Islands 18 years of age; universal
Martinique 18 years of age; universal
Mauritania 18 years of age; universal
Mauritius 18 years of age; universal
Mayotte 18 years of age; universal
Mexico 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced)
Micronesia, Federated States of 18 years of age; universal
Moldova 18 years of age; universal
Monaco 21 years of age; universal
Mongolia 18 years of age; universal
Montserrat 18 years of age; universal
Morocco 18 years of age; universal (as of January 2003)
Mozambique 18 years of age; universal
Namibia 18 years of age; universal
Nauru 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Nepal 18 years of age; universal
Netherlands 18 years of age; universal
Netherlands Antilles 18 years of age; universal
New Caledonia 18 years of age; universal
New Zealand 18 years of age; universal
Nicaragua 16 years of age; universal
Niger 18 years of age; universal
Nigeria 18 years of age; universal
Niue 18 years of age; universal
Norfolk Island 18 years of age; universal
Northern Mariana Islands 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Norway 18 years of age; universal
Oman in Oman's most recent Majlis al-Shura elections in 2003, suffrage was universal for all Omanis over age 21 except for members of the military and security forces; the next Majlis al-Shura elections are scheduled for 2007
Pakistan 18 years of age; universal; joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims
Palau 18 years of age; universal
Panama 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Papua New Guinea 18 years of age; universal
Paraguay 18 years of age; universal and compulsory up to age 75
Peru 18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70; note - members of the military and national police may not vote
Philippines 18 years of age; universal
Pitcairn Islands 18 years of age; universal with three years residency
Poland 18 years of age; universal
Portugal 18 years of age; universal
Puerto Rico 18 years of age; universal; island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Qatar 18 years of age; universal
Reunion 18 years of age; universal
Romania 18 years of age; universal
Russia 18 years of age; universal
Rwanda 18 years of age; universal adult
Saint Helena NA years of age
Saint Kitts and Nevis 18 years of age; universal
Saint Lucia 18 years of age; universal
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 18 years of age; universal
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18 years of age; universal
Samoa 21 years of age; universal
San Marino 18 years of age; universal
Sao Tome and Principe 18 years of age; universal
Saudi Arabia adult male citizens age 21 or older note: voter registration began in November 2004 for partial municipal council elections scheduled nationwide for February through April 2005
Senegal 18 years of age; universal
Serbia and Montenegro 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Seychelles 17 years of age; universal
Sierra Leone 18 years of age; universal
Singapore 21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Slovakia 18 years of age; universal
Slovenia 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Solomon Islands 21 years of age; universal
Somalia 18 years of age; universal
South Africa 18 years of age; universal
Spain 18 years of age; universal
Sri Lanka 18 years of age; universal
Sudan 17 years of age; universal, but noncompulsory
Suriname 18 years of age; universal
Swaziland 18 years of age
Sweden 18 years of age; universal
Switzerland 18 years of age; universal
Syria 18 years of age; universal
Taiwan 20 years of age; universal
Tajikistan 18 years of age; universal
Tanzania 18 years of age; universal
Thailand 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Togo NA years of age; universal adult
Tokelau 21 years of age; universal
Tonga 21 years of age; universal
Trinidad and Tobago 18 years of age; universal
Tunisia 20 years of age; universal
Turkey 18 years of age; universal
Turkmenistan 18 years of age; universal
Turks and Caicos Islands 18 years of age; universal
Tuvalu 18 years of age; universal
Uganda 18 years of age; universal
Ukraine 18 years of age; universal
United Arab Emirates none
United Kingdom 18 years of age; universal
United States 18 years of age; universal
Uruguay 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Uzbekistan 18 years of age; universal
Vanuatu 18 years of age; universal
Venezuela 18 years of age; universal
Vietnam 18 years of age; universal
Virgin Islands 18 years of age; universal; note - island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Wallis and Futuna 18 years of age; universal
Western Sahara none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed
Yemen 18 years of age; universal
Zambia 18 years of age; universal
Zimbabwe 18 years of age; universal
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2124 Telephone system
Afghanistan general assessment: very limited telephone and telegraph service domestic: telephone service improving with the establishment of two mobile phone operators by 2003; telephone main lines remain weak with only 0.1 line per 10 people international: country code - 93; five VSAT's installed in Kabul, Herat, Mazar-e-Sharif, Kandahar, and Jalalabad provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity
Albania general assessment: despite new investment in fixed lines, the density of main lines remains the lowest in Europe with roughly 8 lines per 100 people; however, cellular telephone use is widespread and generally effective domestic: offsetting the shortage of fixed line capacity, mobile phone service has been available since 1996; by 2003 two companies were providing mobile services at a greater density than some of Albania's Balkan neighbors international: country code - 355; inadequate fixed main lines; adequate cellular connections; international traffic carried by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece (2003)
Algeria general assessment: telephone density in Algeria is very low, not exceeding five telephones per 100 persons; the number of fixed main lines increased in the last few years to a little more than 2,000,000, but only about two-thirds of these have subscribers; much of the infrastructure is outdated and inefficient domestic: good service in north but sparse in south; domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations (20 additional domestic earth stations are planned) international: country code - 213; 5 submarine cables; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat (1998)
American Samoa general assessment: NA domestic: good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station international: country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Andorra general assessment: NA domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges international: country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain
Angola general assessment: telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links domestic: limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 244; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Anguilla general assessment: NA domestic: modern internal telephone system international: country code - 1-264; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin (Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles)
Antarctica general assessment: local systems at some research stations domestic: NA international: country code - 672; via satellite (mobile Inmarsat and Iridium system) from some research stations
Antigua and Barbuda general assessment: NA domestic: good automatic telephone system international: country code - 1-268; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe
Argentina general assessment: by opening the telecommunications market to competition and foreign investment with the "Telecommunications Liberalization Plan of 1998," Argentina encouraged the growth of modern telecommunication technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; the major networks are entirely digital and the availability of telephone service is being improved; however, telephone density is presently minimal, and making telephone service universally available will take time domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; more than 110,000 pay telephones are installed and mobile telephone use is rapidly expanding international: country code - 54; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Atlantis II and Unisur submarine cables; two international gateways near Buenos Aires (1999)
Armenia general assessment: system inadequate; now 90% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion domestic: the majority of subscribers and the most modern equipment are in Yerevan (this includes paging and mobile cellular service) international: country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and through the Moscow international switch and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (2000)
Aruba general assessment: modern fully automatic telecommunications system domestic: increased competition through privatization; 3 wireless service providers are now licensed international: country code - 297; 1 submarine cable to Sint Maarten (Netherlands Antilles); extensive interisland microwave radio relay links
Australia general assessment: excellent domestic and international service domestic: domestic satellite system; much use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile cellular telephones international: country code - 61; submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean), 2 Inmarsat (Indian and Pacific Ocean regions) (1998)
Austria general assessment: highly developed and efficient domestic: there are 48 main lines for every 100 persons; the fiber optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available international: country code - 43; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Eutelsat; in addition, there are about 600 VSAT (very small aperture terminals) (2002)
Azerbaijan general assessment: inadequate; requires considerable expansion and modernization; teledensity of 10 main lines per 100 persons is low (2002) domestic: the majority of telephones are in Baku and other industrial centers - about 700 villages still without public telephone service; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan international: country code - 994; the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; a satellite connection to Turkey enables Baku to reach about 200 additional countries, some of which are directly connected to Baku by satellite providers other than Turkey (1997)
Bahamas, The general assessment: modern facilities domestic: totally automatic system; highly developed international: country code - 1-242; tropospheric scatter and submarine cable to Florida; 3 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (1997)
Bahrain general assessment: modern system domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones international: country code - 973; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997)
Bangladesh general assessment: totally inadequate for a modern country domestic: modernizing; introducing digital systems; trunk systems include VHF and UHF microwave radio relay links, and some fiber-optic cable in cities international: country code - 880; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries (2000)
Barbados general assessment: NA domestic: island-wide automatic telephone system international: country code - 1-246; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia
Belarus general assessment: the Ministry of Telecommunications controls all telecommunications through its carrier (a joint stock company) Beltelcom which is a monopoly domestic: local - Minsk has a digital metropolitan network and a cellular NMT-450 network; waiting lists for telephones are long; local service outside Minsk is neglected and poor; intercity - Belarus has a partly developed fiber-optic backbone system presently serving at least 13 major cities (1998); Belarus' fiber optics form synchronous digital hierarchy rings through other countries' systems; an inadequate analog system remains operational international: country code - 375; Belarus is a member of the Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line, and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); three fiber-optic segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; worldwide service is available to Belarus through this infrastructure; additional analog lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik earth stations
Belgium general assessment: highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network international: country code - 32; 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Eutelsat
Belize general assessment: above-average system domestic: trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay international: country code - 501; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Benin general assessment: NA domestic: fair system of open-wire, microwave radio relay, and cellular connections international: country code - 229; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Bermuda general assessment: good domestic: fully automatic digital telephone system; fiber optic trunk lines international: country code - 1-441; 3 fiber optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Bhutan general assessment: telecommunications facilities are poor domestic: very low tele-density; domestic service is very poor especially in rural areas; wireless service available since 2003 international: country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service via landline and microwave relay through India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2005)
Bolivia general assessment: new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Bosnia and Herzegovina general assessment: telephone and telegraph network needs modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average as contrasted with services in other former Yugoslav republics domestic: NA international: country code - 387; no satellite earth stations
Botswana general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast international: country code - 267; two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Brazil general assessment: good working system domestic: extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations international: country code - 55; 3 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station
British Indian Ocean Territory general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
British Virgin Islands general assessment: worldwide telephone service domestic: NA international: country code - 1-284; submarine cable to Bermuda
Brunei general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US domestic: every service available international: country code - 673; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)
Bulgaria general assessment: extensive but antiquated domestic: more than two-thirds of the lines are residential; telephone service is available in most villages; a fairly modern digital cable trunk line now connects switching centers in most of the regions, the others are connected by digital microwave radio relay international: country code - 359; direct dialing to 58 countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); 2 Intelsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions)
Burkina Faso general assessment: all services only fair domestic: microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communication stations international: country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Burma general assessment: barely meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government; international service is fair domestic: NA international: country code - 95; satellite earth station - 2, Intelsat (Indian Ocean), and ShinSat
Burundi general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Cambodia general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas domestic: NA international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Cameroon general assessment: available only to business and government domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 237; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Canada general assessment: excellent service provided by modern technology domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations international: country code - 1-xxx; 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Cape Verde general assessment: effective system, extensive modernization from 1996-2000 following partial privatization in 1995 domestic: major service provider is Cabo Verde Telecom (CVT); fiber optic ring, completed in 2001, links all islands providing Internet access and ISDN services; cellular service introduced in 1998 international: country code - 238; 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Cayman Islands general assessment: reasonably good system domestic: liberalization of telecom market in 2003 reflected in falling prices and improving services international: country code - 1-345; 2 submarine fiber optic cables (Maya-1, Cayman-Jamaica); satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Central African Republic general assessment: fair system domestic: network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication international: country code - 236; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Chad general assessment: primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Chile general assessment: modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities domestic: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations international: country code - 56; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
China general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place international: country code - 86; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany (2000)
Christmas Island general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-891; satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands general assessment: connected within Australia's telecommunication system domestic: NA international: country code - 61-891; telephone, telex, and facsimile communications with Australia and elsewhere via satellite; 1 satellite earth station of NA type (2002)
Colombia general assessment: modern system in many respects domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations; fiber-optic network linking 50 cities international: country code - 57; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat; 3 fully digitalized international switching centers; 8 submarine cables
Comoros general assessment: sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations domestic: HF radiotelephone communications and microwave radio relay international: country code - 269; HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion
Congo, Democratic Republic of the general assessment: poor domestic: barely adequate wire and microwave radio relay service in and between urban areas; domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: country code - 243; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Congo, Republic of the general assessment: services barely adequate for government use; key exchanges are in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; intercity lines frequently out of order domestic: primary network consists of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable international: country code - 242; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Cook Islands general assessment: Telecom Cook Islands offers international direct dialing, Internet, email, fax, and Telex domestic: the individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open-wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable international: country code - 682; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Costa Rica general assessment: good domestic telephone service in terms of breadth of coverage; restricted cellular telephone service domestic: point-to-point and point-to-multi-point microwave, fiber-optic, and coaxial cable link rural areas; Internet service is available international: country code - 506; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); two submarine cables (1999)
Cote d'Ivoire general assessment: well developed by African standards but operating well below capacity domestic: open-wire lines and microwave radio relay; 90% digitalized international: country code - 225; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); 2 submarine cables (June 1999)
Croatia general assessment: NA domestic: reconstruction plan calls for replacement of all analog circuits with digital and enlarging the network; a backup will be included in the plan for the main trunk international: country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of two fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; Croatia is also investing in ADRIA 1, a joint fiber-optic project with Germany, Albania, and Greece (2000)
Cuba general assessment: greater investment beginning in 1994 and the establishment of a new Ministry of Information Technology and Communications in 2000 has resulted in improvements in the system; wireless service is expensive and remains restricted to foreigners and regime elites, many Cubans procure wireless service illegally with the help of foreigners domestic: national fiber-optic system under development; 85% of switches digitized by end of 2004; telephone line density remains low, at 10 per 100 inhabitants; domestic cellular service expanding international: country code - 53; fiber-optic cable laid to but not linked to US network; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Cyprus general assessment: excellent in both Republic of Cyprus and north Cyprus areas domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay international: country code - 357; tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Czech Republic general assessment: privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; growth in the use of mobile cellular telephones is particularly vigorous domestic: 86% of exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems now being enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay international: country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar
Denmark general assessment: excellent telephone and telegraph services domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems international: country code - 45; 18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (1997)
Djibouti general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country domestic: microwave radio relay network international: country code - 253; submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
Dominica general assessment: NA domestic: fully automatic network international: country code - 1-767; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia
Dominican Republic general assessment: NA domestic: relatively efficient system based on island-wide microwave radio relay network international: country code - 1-809; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
East Timor NA
Ecuador general assessment: generally elementary but being expanded domestic: facilities generally inadequate and unreliable international: country code - 593; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Egypt general assessment: large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular service are available domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay international: country code - 20; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel
El Salvador general assessment: NA domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system international: country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
Equatorial Guinea general assessment: poor system with adequate government services domestic: NA international: country code - 240; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Eritrea general assessment: inadequate domestic: very inadequate; most telephones are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system (2002) international: country code - 291; note - international connections exist
Estonia general assessment: foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures greatly improved telephone service; substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are available throughout most of the country - only about 11,000 subscriber requests were unfilled by September 2000 domestic: a wide range of high quality voice, data, and Internet services is available throughout the country international: country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland, Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched service; two international switches are located in Tallinn (2001)
Ethiopia general assessment: adequate for government use domestic: open-wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service international: country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)
European Union note - see individual country entries of member states
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Faroe Islands general assessment: good international communications; good domestic facilities domestic: digitalization was completed in 1998; both NMT (analog) and GSM (digital) mobile telephone systems are installed international: country code - 298; satellite earth stations - 1 Orion; 1 fiber-optic submarine cable to the Shetland Islands, linking the Faroe Islands with Denmark and Iceland; fiber-optic submarine cable connection to Canada-Europe cable
Fiji general assessment: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center domestic: NA international: country code - 679; access to important cable links between US and Canada as well as between NZ and Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Finland general assessment: modern system with excellent service domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive cellular network provide domestic needs international: country code - 358; 1 submarine cable (Finland Estonia Connection); satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
France general assessment: highly developed domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay; extensive introduction of fiber-optic cable; domestic satellite system international: country code - 33; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries
French Guiana general assessment: NA domestic: fair open-wire and microwave radio relay system international: country code - 594; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
French Polynesia general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 689; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Gabon general assessment: adequate service by African standards and improving with the help of the growing mobile cell system domestic: adequate system of cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiotelephone communication stations, and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations international: country code - 241; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Gambia, The general assessment: adequate; a packet switched data network is available domestic: adequate network of microwave radio relay and open-wire international: country code - 220; microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Gaza Strip general assessment: NA domestic: rudimentary telephone services provided by an open-wire system international: NA
Georgia general assessment: NA domestic: local - T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi have cellular telephone networks; urban telephone density is about 20 per 100 people; rural telephone density is about 4 per 100 people; intercity facilities include a fiber-optic line between T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi; nationwide pager service is available international: country code - 995; Georgia and Russia are working on a fiber-optic line between P'ot'i and Sochi (Russia); present international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are available
Germany general assessment: Germany has one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to World War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the western part domestic: Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries international: country code - 49; Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2001)
Ghana general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed international: country code - 233; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Gibraltar general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Greece general assessment: adequate, modern networks reach all areas; good mobile telephone and international service domestic: microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open-wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands international: country code - 30; tropospheric scatter; 8 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region)
Greenland general assessment: adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables and microwave radio relay; totally digitalized in 1995 domestic: microwave radio relay and satellite international: country code - 299; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean)
Grenada general assessment: automatic, islandwide telephone system domestic: interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links international: country code - 1-473; new SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad
Guadeloupe general assessment: domestic facilities inadequate domestic: NA international: country code - 590; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique
Guam general assessment: modern system, integrated with US facilities for direct dialing, including free use of 800 numbers domestic: modern digital system, including cellular mobile service and local access to the Internet international: country code - 1-671; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); submarine cables to US and Japan (Guam is a trans-Pacific communications hub for MCI, Sprint, AT&T, IT&E, and GTE, linking the US and Asia)
Guatemala general assessment: fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala domestic: NA international: country code - 502; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Guernsey general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: 1 submarine cable
Guinea general assessment: poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay system domestic: microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communication international: country code - 224; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Guinea-Bissau general assessment: small system domestic: combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, radiotelephone, and cellular communications international: country code - 245
Guyana general assessment: fair system for long-distance service domestic: microwave radio relay network for trunk lines international: country code - 592; tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Haiti general assessment: domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service international: country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Holy See (Vatican City) general assessment: automatic exchange domestic: tied into Italian system international: country code - 39; uses Italian system
Honduras general assessment: inadequate system domestic: NA international: country code - 504; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
Hong Kong general assessment: modern facilities provide excellent domestic and international services domestic: microwave radio relay links and extensive fiber-optic network international: country code - 852; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); coaxial cable to Guangzhou, China; access to 5 international submarine cables providing connections to ASEAN member nations, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe
Hungary general assessment: the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service domestic: the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones international: country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals
Iceland general assessment: extensive domestic service domestic: the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links international: country code - 354; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden)
India general assessment: recent deregulation and liberalization of telecommunications laws and policies have prompted rapid change; local and long distance service provided throughout all regions of the country, with services primarily concentrated in the urban areas; steady improvement is taking place with the recent admission of private and private-public investors, but telephone density remains low at about seven for each 100 persons nationwide but only one per 100 persons in rural areas and a national waiting list of over 1.7 million; fastest growth is in cellular service with modest growth in fixed lines domestic: expansion of domestic service, although still weak in rural areas, resulted from increased competition and dramatic reductions in price led in large part by wireless service; mobile cellular service (both CDMA and GSM) introduced in 1994 and organized nationwide into four metropolitan cities and 19 telecom circles each with about three private service providers and one state-owned service provider; in recent years significant trunk capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite system (INSAT), with five satellites supporting 33,000 very small aperture terminals (VSAT) international: country code - 91; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); nine gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, and Ernakulam; 5 submarine cables, including Sea-Me-We-3 with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai (Bombay), Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with landing site at Mumbai (Bombay), South Africa - Far East (SAFE) with landing site at Cochin, i2icn linking to Singapore with landing sites at Mumbai (Bombay) and Chennai (Madras), and Tata Indicom linking Singapore and Chennai (Madras), provide a significant increase in the bandwidth available for both voice and data traffic (2004)
Indonesia general assessment: domestic service fair, international service good domestic: interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system international: country code - 62; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
Iran general assessment: inadequate but currently being modernized and expanded with the goal of not only improving the efficiency and increasing the volume of the urban service but also bringing telephone service to several thousand villages, not presently connected domestic: as a result of heavy investing in the telephone system since 1994, the number of long-distance channels in the microwave radio relay trunk has grown substantially; many villages have been brought into the net; the number of main lines in the urban systems has approximately doubled; and thousands of mobile cellular subscribers are being served; moreover, the technical level of the system has been raised by the installation of thousands of digital switches international: country code - 98; HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Azerbaijan through the northern portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion to Georgia and Azerbaijan; satellite earth stations - 9 Intelsat and 4 Inmarsat
Iraq general assessment: the 2003 war severely disrupted telecommunications throughout Iraq including international connections; USAID is overseeing the repair of switching capability and the construction of mobile and satellite communication facilities domestic: repairs to switches and lines destroyed in the recent fighting continue, but sabotage remains a problem; cellular service is expected to be in place within two years international: country code - 964; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Arabsat (inoperative); coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; Kuwait line is probably nonoperational
Ireland general assessment: modern digital system using cable and microwave radio relay domestic: microwave radio relay international: country code - 353; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Israel general assessment: most highly developed system in the Middle East although not the largest domestic: good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; all systems are digital international: country code - 972; 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Italy general assessment: modern, well developed, fast; fully automated telephone, telex, and data services domestic: high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks international: country code - 39; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and NA Eutelsat; 21 submarine cables
Jamaica general assessment: fully automatic domestic telephone network domestic: NA international: country code - 1-876; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); 3 coaxial submarine cables
Japan general assessment: excellent domestic and international service domestic: high level of modern technology and excellent service of every kind international: country code - 81; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); submarine cables to China, Philippines, Russia, and US (via Guam) (1999)
Jersey general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: 3 submarine cables
Johnston Atoll general assessment: NA domestic: 512 KB satellite link to Hawaii teleport; 20 (POTS) voice and data lines international: NA (2002)
Jordan general assessment: service has improved recently with increased use of digital switching equipment, but better access to the telephone system is needed in the rural areas and easier access to pay telephones is needed by the urban public domestic: microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; considerable use of mobile cellular systems; Internet service is available international: country code - 962; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and 29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals; fiber-optic cable to Saudi Arabia and microwave radio relay link with Egypt and Syria; connection to international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); participant in MEDARABTEL; international links total about 4,000
Kazakhstan general assessment: service is poor; equipment antiquated domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
Kenya general assessment: unreliable; little attempt to modernize except for service to business domestic: trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system international: country code - 254; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat
Kiribati general assessment: generally good quality national and international service domestic: wire line service available on Tarawa and Kiritimati; connections to outer islands by HF/VHF radiotelephone; wireless service available in Tarawa since 1999 international: country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Korea, North general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 850; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Russian (Indian Ocean region); other international connections through Moscow and Beijing
Korea, South general assessment: excellent domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 82; fiber-optic submarine cable to China; the Russia-Korea-Japan submarine cable; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean region)
Kuwait general assessment: the quality of service is excellent domestic: new telephone exchanges provide a large capacity for new subscribers; trunk traffic is carried by microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and open-wire and fiber-optic cable; a cellular telephone system operates throughout Kuwait, and the country is well supplied with pay telephones international: country code - 965; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; linked to Bahrain, Qatar, UAE via the Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG) cable; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 2 Arabsat
Kyrgyzstan general assessment: poorly developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied applications for household telephones domestic: principally microwave radio relay; one cellular provider, probably limited to Bishkek region international: country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1 Intelsat; connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line
Laos general assessment: service to general public is poor but improving with over 20,000 telephones currently in service and an additional 48,000 expected by 2001; the government relies on a radiotelephone network to communicate with remote areas domestic: radiotelephone communications international: country code - 856; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Latvia general assessment: inadequate, but is being modernized to provide an international capability independent of the Moscow international switch; more facilities are being installed for individual use domestic: expansion underway in intercity trunk line connections, rural exchanges, and mobile systems; still many unsatisfied subscriber applications international: country code - 371; international connections are now available via cable and a satellite earth station at Riga, enabling direct connections for most calls (1998)
Lebanon general assessment: telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable international: country code - 961; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables
Lesotho general assessment: rudimentary system domestic: consists of a modest but growing number of landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a minor radiotelephone communication system; a cellular mobile telephone system is growing international: country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Liberia general assessment: the limited services available are found almost exclusively in the capital Monrovia domestic: fully automatic system with very low density of .21 fixed mainlines per 100 persons; limited wireless service available international: country code - 231; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Libya general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996 domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Liechtenstein general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
Lithuania general assessment: inadequate, but is being modernized to provide an improved international capability and better residential access domestic: a national, fiber-optic cable, interurban, trunk system is nearing completion; rural exchanges are being improved and expanded; mobile cellular systems are being installed; access to the Internet is available; still many unsatisfied telephone subscriber applications international: country code - 370; landline connections to Latvia and Poland; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite
Luxembourg general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; buried cable international: country code - 352; 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable (Europe to North America)
Macau general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Macedonia general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 389
Madagascar general assessment: system is above average for the region domestic: open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links connect regions international: country code - 261; submarine cable to Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Malawi general assessment: NA domestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations international: country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Malaysia general assessment: modern system; international service excellent domestic: good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations international: country code - 60; submarine cables to India, Hong Kong, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2001)
Maldives general assessment: minimal domestic and international facilities domestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands are connected with telephone and fax service international: country code - 960; satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Mali general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress international: country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Malta general assessment: automatic system satisfies normal requirements domestic: submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands international: country code - 356; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Man, Isle of general assessment: NA domestic: landline, telefax, mobile cellular telephone system international: fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, satellite earth station, submarine cable
Marshall Islands general assessment: digital switching equipment; modern services include telex, cellular, internet, international calling, caller ID, and leased data circuits domestic: Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes) international: country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein (2001)
Martinique general assessment: domestic facilities are adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 596; microwave radio relay to Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Saint Lucia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Mauritania general assessment: limited system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations (improvements being made) domestic: mostly cable and open-wire lines; a recently completed domestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott with regional capitals international: country code - 222; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 2 Arabsat
Mauritius general assessment: small system with good service domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system international: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Mayotte general assessment: small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications domestic: NA international: country code - 269; microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros (2001)
Mexico general assessment: low telephone density with about 15.2 main lines per 100 persons; privatized in December 1990; the opening to competition in January 1997 improved prospects for development, but Telmex remains dominant domestic: adequate telephone service for business and government, but the population is poorly served; mobile subscribers far outnumber fixed-line subscribers; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network; considerable use of fiber-optic cable and coaxial cable international: country code - 52; satellite earth stations - 32 Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations; linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections; high capacity Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Morocco, Spain, and Italy (1997)
Micronesia, Federated States of general assessment: adequate system domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, and some coaxial and fiber-optic cable; cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap international: country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)
Moldova general assessment: inadequate, outmoded, poor service outside Chisinau; some effort to modernize is under way domestic: new subscribers face long wait for service; mobile cellular telephone service being introduced international: country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik
Monaco general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Mongolia general assessment: network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas domestic: very low density of about 6.5 telephones for each thousand persons; two wireless providers cover all but two provinces international: country code - 976; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region)
Montserrat general assessment: modern and fully digitalized domestic: NA international: country code - 1-664
Morocco general assessment: modern system with all important capabilities; however, density is low with only 4.6 main lines available for each 100 persons domestic: good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; Internet available but expensive; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay international: country code - 212; 7 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (1998)
Mozambique general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 16 telephones for each 1,000 persons) domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 258; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
Namibia general assessment: good system; about 6 telephones for each 100 persons domestic: good urban services; fair rural service; microwave radio relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are by open wire; 100% digital international: country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to Africa ONE and South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cables through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2002)
Nauru general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Nepal general assessment: poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service and mobile cellular telephone network domestic: NA international: country code - 977; radiotelephone communications; microwave landline to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Netherlands general assessment: highly developed and well maintained domestic: extensive fixed-line fiber-optic network; cellular telephone system is one of the largest in Europe with five major network operators utilizing the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) international: country code - 31; 9 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2004)
Netherlands Antilles general assessment: generally adequate facilities domestic: extensive interisland microwave radio relay links international: country code - 599; submarine cables - 2; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
New Caledonia general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
New Zealand general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems domestic: NA international: country code - 64; submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Nicaragua general assessment: inadequate system being upgraded by foreign investment domestic: low-capacity microwave radio relay and wire system being expanded; connected to Central American Microwave System international: country code - 505; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) and 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Niger general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned international: country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Nigeria general assessment: an inadequate system, further limited by poor maintenance; major expansion is required and a start has been made domestic: intercity traffic is carried by coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, a domestic communications satellite system with 19 earth stations, and a coastal submarine cable; mobile cellular facilities and the Internet are available international: country code - 234; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Niue domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: country code - 683
Norfolk Island general assessment: adequate domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
Northern Mariana Islands general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 1-670; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Norway general assessment: modern in all respects; one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe domestic: Norway has a domestic satellite system; moreover, the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of cellular mobile systems instead of fixed-wire systems international: country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (1999)
Oman general assessment: modern system consisting of open-wire, microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limited coaxial cable domestic: open-wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, and a domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations international: country code - 968; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Pakistan general assessment: the domestic system is mediocre, but improving; service is adequate for government and business use, in part because major businesses have established their own private systems; since 1988, the government has promoted investment in the national telecommunications system on a priority basis, significantly increasing network capacity; despite major improvements in trunk and urban systems, telecommunication services are still not readily available to the majority of the rural population domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks international: country code - 92; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (1999)
Palau general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 680; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Panama general assessment: domestic and international facilities well developed domestic: NA international: country code - 507; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to the Central American Microwave System
Papua New Guinea general assessment: services are adequate; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services domestic: mostly radiotelephone international: country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service
Paraguay general assessment: meager telephone service; principal switching center is Asuncion domestic: fair microwave radio relay network international: country code - 595; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Peru general assessment: adequate for most requirements domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations international: country code - 51; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable
Philippines general assessment: good international radiotelephone and submarine cable services; domestic and inter-island service adequate domestic: domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations international: country code - 63; 9 international gateways; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean); submarine cables to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan
Pitcairn Islands general assessment: satellite phone services domestic: domestic communication via radio (CB) international: country code - 872; satellite earth station (Inmarsat)
Poland general assessment: underdeveloped and outmoded system in the process of being overhauled; partial privatization of the state-owned telephone monopoly is underway; the long waiting list for main line telephone service has resulted in a boom in mobile cellular telephone use domestic: cable, open-wire, and microwave radio relay; 3 cellular networks; local exchanges 56.6% digital international: country code - 48; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat, NA Eutelsat, 2 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions), and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Portugal general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53% domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations international: country code - 351; 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
Puerto Rico general assessment: modern system integrated with that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with high-speed data capability domestic: digital telephone system; cellular telephone service international: country code - 1-787, 939; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; submarine cable to US
Qatar general assessment: modern system centered in Doha domestic: NA international: country code - 974; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Reunion general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Romania general assessment: poor domestic service, but improving domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages have no service international: country code - 40; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
Russia general assessment: the telephone system underwent significant changes in the 1990s; there are more than 1,000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; Internet and e-mail services are improving; Russia has made progress toward building the telecommunications infrastructure necessary for a market economy; however, a large demand for main line service remains unsatisfied domestic: cross-country digital trunk lines run from Saint Petersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk; the telephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digital infrastructures; cellular services, both analog and digital, are available in many areas; in rural areas, the telephone services are still outdated, inadequate, and low density international: country code - 7; Russia is connected internationally by three undersea fiber-optic cables; digital switches in several cities provide more than 50,000 lines for international calls; satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Orbita systems
Rwanda general assessment: telephone system primarily serves business and government domestic: the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the provinces by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone international: country code - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service)
Saint Helena general assessment: can communicate worldwide domestic: automatic network international: country code - 290; HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension Island, which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Saint Kitts and Nevis general assessment: good interisland and international connections domestic: inter-island links via Eastern Caribbean Fiber Optic cable; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched in November 2004 international: country code - 1-869; international calls are carried by submarine cable or Intelsat
Saint Lucia general assessment: adequate system domestic: system is automatically switched international: country code - 1-758; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados; international calls beyond these countries are carried by Intelsat from Martinique
Saint Pierre and Miquelon general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines general assessment: adequate system domestic: islandwide, fully automatic telephone system; VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to the other islands of the Grenadines international: country code - 1-784; VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; new SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and to Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia
Samoa general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 685; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
San Marino general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Sao Tome and Principe general assessment: adequate facilities domestic: minimal system international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Saudi Arabia general assessment: modern system domestic: extensive microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable systems international: country code - 966; microwave radio relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait and Jordan; submarine cable to Djibouti, Egypt and Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region)
Senegal general assessment: good system domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system international: country code - 221; 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Serbia and Montenegro general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 381; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Seychelles general assessment: effective system domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago international: country code - 248; direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Sierra Leone general assessment: marginal telephone and telegraph service domestic: the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema international: country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Singapore general assessment: excellent service domestic: excellent domestic facilities international: country code - 65; submarine cables to Malaysia (Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean region)
Slovakia general assessment: a modernization and privatization program is increasing accessibility to telephone service, reducing the waiting time for new subscribers, and generally improving service quality domestic: predominantly an analog system that is now receiving digital equipment and is being enlarged with fiber-optic cable, especially in the larger cities; mobile cellular capability has been added international: country code - 421; three international exchanges (one in Bratislava and two in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services
Slovenia general assessment: NA domestic: 100% digital (2000) international: country code - 386
Solomon Islands general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 677; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Somalia general assessment: the public telecommunications system was almost completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; private wireless companies offer service in most major cities and charge the lowest international rates on the continent domestic: local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in several other population centers international: country code - 252; international connections are available from Mogadishu by satellite
South Africa general assessment: the system is the best developed and most modern in Africa domestic: consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, radiotelephone communication stations, and wireless local loops; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria international: country code - 27; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Spain general assessment: generally adequate, modern facilities; teledensity is 44 main lines for each 100 persons domestic: NA international: country code - 34; 22 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries
Sri Lanka general assessment: very inadequate domestic service, particularly in rural areas; likely improvement with privatization of national telephone company and encouragement to private investment; good international service (1999) domestic: national trunk network consists mostly of digital microwave radio relay; fiber-optic links now in use in Colombo area and two fixed wireless local loops have been installed; competition is strong in mobile cellular systems; telephone density remains low at 2.6 main lines per 100 persons (1999) international: country code - 94; submarine cables to Indonesia and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (1999)
Sudan general assessment: large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: country code - 249; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)
Suriname general assessment: international facilities are good domestic: microwave radio relay network international: country code - 597; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Svalbard general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Swaziland general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system domestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay international: country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Sweden general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels international: country code - 46; 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
Switzerland general assessment: excellent domestic and international services domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks international: country code - 41; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean)
Syria general assessment: fair system currently undergoing significant improvement and digital upgrades, including fiber-optic technology domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay network international: country code - 963; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); 1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey; participant in Medarabtel
Taiwan general assessment: provides telecommunications service for every business and private need domestic: thoroughly modern; completely digitalized international: country code - 886; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); submarine cables to Japan (Okinawa), Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe (1999)
Tajikistan general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not linked to the national network domestic: cable and microwave radio relay international: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
Tanzania general assessment: fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; VSAT (very small aperture terminal) system under construction domestic: trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital international: country code - 255; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Thailand general assessment: high quality system, especially in urban areas like Bangkok; WTO requirement for privatization of telecom sector is planned to be complete by 2006 domestic: fixed line system provided by both a government owned and commercial provider; wireless service expanding rapidly and outpacing fixed lines international: country code - 66; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); landing country for APCN submarine cable
Togo general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
Tokelau general assessment: modern satellite-based communications system; domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997
Tonga general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television domestic: fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago general assessment: excellent international service; good local service domestic: NA international: country code - 1-868; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana
Tunisia general assessment: above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet access available domestic: trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay international: country code - 216; 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two international gateway digital switches
Turkey general assessment: undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially with cellular telephones domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; the number of subscribers to mobile cellular telephone service is growing rapidly international: country code - 90; international service is provided by three submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas, linking Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; also by 12 Intelsat earth stations, and by 328 mobile satellite terminals in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2002)
Turkmenistan general assessment: poorly developed domestic: NA international: country code - 993; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat
Turks and Caicos Islands general assessment: fully digital system with international direct dialing domestic: full range of services available international: country code - 1-649; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Tuvalu general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands international: country code - 688; international calls can be made by satellite
Uganda general assessment: seriously inadequate; two cellular systems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number of main lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are available domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile cellular systems for short-range traffic international: country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania
Ukraine general assessment: Ukraine's telecommunication development plan, running through 2005, emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile cellular system domestic: at independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited a telephone system that was antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair; more than 3.5 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied; telephone density is now rising slowly and the domestic trunk system is being improved; the mobile cellular telephone system is expanding at a high rate international: country code - 380; two new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and three Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems
United Arab Emirates general assessment: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber optic and coaxial cable international: country code - 971; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia
United Kingdom general assessment: technologically advanced domestic and international system domestic: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems international: country code - 44; 40 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers
United States general assessment: a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country international: country code - 1; 24 ocean cable systems in use; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2000)
Uruguay general assessment: fully digitalized domestic: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network international: country code - 598; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2002)
Uzbekistan general assessment: antiquated and inadequate; in serious need of modernization domestic: the domestic telephone system is being expanded and technologically improved, particularly in Tashkent (Toshkent) and Samarqand, under contracts with prominent companies in industrialized countries; moreover, by 1998, six cellular networks had been placed in operation - four of the GSM type (Global System for Mobile Communication), one D-AMPS type (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System), and one AMPS type (Advanced Mobile Phone System) international: country code - 998; linked by landline or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan will be independent of Russian facilities for international communications; Inmarsat also provides an international connection, albeit an expensive one; satellite earth stations - NA (1998)
Vanuatu general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Venezuela general assessment: modern and expanding domestic: domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services international: country code - 58; 3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network
Vietnam general assessment: Vietnam is putting considerable effort into modernization and expansion of its telecommunication system, but its performance continues to lag behind that of its more modern neighbors domestic: all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected to Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay networks; main lines have been substantially increased, and the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidly international: country code - 84; satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Virgin Islands general assessment: modern system with total digital switching, uses fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay domestic: full range of services available international: country code - 1-340; 2 submarine cable connections (Taino Carib, Americas-1); satellite earth stations - NA
Wake Island general assessment: satellite communications; 1 DSN circuit off the Overseas Telephone System (OTS) domestic: NA international: NA
Wallis and Futuna general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 681
West Bank general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: NA note: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for communication services in the West Bank
Western Sahara general assessment: sparse and limited system domestic: NA international: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco
World general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: NA
Yemen general assessment: since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network domestic: the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, and GSM cellular mobile telephone systems international: country code - 967; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti
Zambia general assessment: facilities are aging but still among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms international: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Zimbabwe general assessment: system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones international: country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; two international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2125 Terrain
Afghanistan mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest
Albania mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast
Algeria mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
American Samoa five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)
Andorra rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Angola narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
Anguilla flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Antarctica about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 meters; mountain ranges up to nearly 5,000 meters; ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent
Antigua and Barbuda mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
Arctic Ocean central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Argentina rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border
Armenia Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Aruba flat with a few hills; scant vegetation
Ashmore and Cartier Islands low with sand and coral
Atlantic Ocean surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and coastal portions of the Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm-water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm-water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin
Australia mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
Austria in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping
Azerbaijan large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
Bahamas, The long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills
Bahrain mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
Baker Island low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Bangladesh mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast
Barbados relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region
Bassas da India volcanic rock
Belarus generally flat and contains much marshland
Belgium flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast
Belize flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south
Benin mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains
Bermuda low hills separated by fertile depressions
Bhutan mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna
Bolivia rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin
Bosnia and Herzegovina mountains and valleys
Botswana predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
Bouvet Island volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible
Brazil mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
British Indian Ocean Territory flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
British Virgin Islands coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly
Brunei flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Bulgaria mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast
Burkina Faso mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast
Burma central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands
Burundi hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Cambodia mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Cameroon diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
Canada mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast
Cape Verde steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Cayman Islands low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs
Central African Republic vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest
Chad broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Chile low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east
China mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east
Christmas Island steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Clipperton Island coral atoll
Cocos (Keeling) Islands flat, low-lying coral atolls
Colombia flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains
Comoros volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills
Congo, Democratic Republic of the vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east
Congo, Republic of the coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin
Cook Islands low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south
Coral Sea Islands sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)
Costa Rica coastal plains separated by rugged mountains including over 100 volcanic cones, of which several are major volcanoes
Cote d'Ivoire mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest
Croatia geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Cuba mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast
Cyprus central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast
Czech Republic Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
Denmark low and flat to gently rolling plains
Djibouti coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Dominica rugged mountains of volcanic origin
Dominican Republic rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed
East Timor mountainous
Ecuador coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)
Egypt vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta
El Salvador mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau
Equatorial Guinea coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic
Eritrea dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains
Estonia marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south
Ethiopia high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
Europa Island low and flat
European Union fairly flat along the Baltic and Atlantic coast; mountainous in the central and southern areas
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Faroe Islands rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast
Fiji mostly mountains of volcanic origin
Finland mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
France mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east
French Guiana low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains
French Polynesia mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs
French Southern and Antarctic Lands volcanic
Gabon narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
Gambia, The flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills
Gaza Strip flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain
Georgia largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
Germany lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
Ghana mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
Gibraltar a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands low and flat
Greece mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Greenland flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Grenada volcanic in origin with central mountains
Guadeloupe Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin
Guam volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low hills in center, mountains in south
Guatemala mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten)
Guernsey mostly level with low hills in southwest
Guinea generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Guinea-Bissau mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
Guyana mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south
Haiti mostly rough and mountainous
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky
Holy See (Vatican City) low hill
Honduras mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains
Hong Kong hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
Howland Island low-lying, nearly level, sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef; depressed central area
Hungary mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
Iceland mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords
India upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north
Indian Ocean surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Indonesia mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Iran rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
Iraq mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey
Ireland mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast
Israel Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley
Italy mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
Jamaica mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Jan Mayen volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
Japan mostly rugged and mountainous
Jarvis Island sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Jersey gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
Johnston Atoll mostly flat
Jordan mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River
Juan de Nova Island low and flat
Kazakhstan extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in Central Asia
Kenya low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
Kingman Reef low and nearly level
Kiribati mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Korea, North mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east
Korea, South mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south
Kuwait flat to slightly undulating desert plain
Kyrgyzstan peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
Laos mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus
Latvia low plain
Lebanon narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Lesotho mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains
Liberia mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast
Libya mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Liechtenstein mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Lithuania lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil
Luxembourg mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
Macau generally flat
Macedonia mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Madagascar narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center
Malawi narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
Malaysia coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
Maldives flat, with white sandy beaches
Mali mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Malta mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs
Man, Isle of hills in north and south bisected by central valley
Marshall Islands low coral limestone and sand islands
Martinique mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano
Mauritania mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills
Mauritius small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Mayotte generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks
Mexico high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert
Micronesia, Federated States of islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk
Midway Islands low, nearly level
Moldova rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
Monaco hilly, rugged, rocky
Mongolia vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Montserrat volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
Morocco northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains
Mozambique mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Namibia mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east
Nauru sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Navassa Island raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)
Nepal Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
Netherlands mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast
Netherlands Antilles generally hilly, volcanic interiors
New Caledonia coastal plains with interior mountains
New Zealand predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Nicaragua extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes
Niger predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Nigeria southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
Niue steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Norfolk Island volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Northern Mariana Islands southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic
Norway glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Oman central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
Pacific Ocean surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific, sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the Mariana Trench, which is the world's deepest
Pakistan flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
Palau varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs
Palmyra Atoll very low
Panama interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills
Papua New Guinea mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
Paracel Islands mostly low and flat
Paraguay grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere
Peru western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Philippines mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
Pitcairn Islands rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs
Poland mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border
Portugal mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
Puerto Rico mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas
Qatar mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Reunion mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Romania central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Russia broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions
Rwanda mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east
Saint Helena Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Saint Kitts and Nevis volcanic with mountainous interiors
Saint Lucia volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys
Saint Pierre and Miquelon mostly barren rock
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines volcanic, mountainous
Samoa two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior
San Marino rugged mountains
Sao Tome and Principe volcanic, mountainous
Saudi Arabia mostly uninhabited, sandy desert
Senegal generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Serbia and Montenegro extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
Seychelles Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs
Sierra Leone coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east
Singapore lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve
Slovakia rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
Slovenia a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
Solomon Islands mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls
Somalia mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north
South Africa vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Southern Ocean the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 meters over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water; the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep, its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 meters (the global mean is 133 meters); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum of 2.6 million square kilometers in March to about 18.8 million square kilometers in September, better than a sixfold increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers
Spain large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north
Spratly Islands flat
Sri Lanka mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior
Sudan generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north
Suriname mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps
Svalbard wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Swaziland mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Sweden mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Switzerland mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes
Syria primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west
Taiwan eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west
Tajikistan Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Tanzania plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Thailand central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
Togo gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Tokelau low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Tonga most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Trinidad and Tobago mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Tromelin Island low, flat, and sandy; likely volcanic
Tunisia mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
Turkey high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges
Turkmenistan flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
Turks and Caicos Islands low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
Tuvalu very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Uganda mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Ukraine most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
United Arab Emirates flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
United Kingdom mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
United States vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
Uruguay mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Uzbekistan mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Vanuatu mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains
Venezuela Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast
Vietnam low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
Virgin Islands mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land
Wake Island atoll of three coral islands built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim
Wallis and Futuna volcanic origin; low hills
West Bank mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east
Western Sahara mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
World the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in the Pacific Ocean
Yemen narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
Zambia mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Zimbabwe mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2127 Total fertility rate (children born/woman)
Afghanistan 6.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Albania 2.04 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Algeria 1.92 children born/woman (2005 est.)
American Samoa 3.25 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Andorra 1.29 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Angola 6.27 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Anguilla 1.73 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 2.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Argentina 2.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Armenia 1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Aruba 1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Australia 1.76 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Austria 1.36 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan 2.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The 2.2 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Bahrain 2.63 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Bangladesh 3.13 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Barbados 1.65 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Belarus 1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Belgium 1.64 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Belize 3.68 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Benin 5.86 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Bermuda 1.89 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Bhutan 4.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Bolivia 2.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.71 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Botswana 2.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Brazil 1.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands 1.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Brunei 2.3 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Bulgaria 1.38 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso 6.23 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Burma 2.01 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Burundi 5.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Cambodia 3.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Cameroon 4.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Canada 1.61 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Cape Verde 3.48 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Cayman Islands 1.9 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Central African Republic 4.5 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Chad 6.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Chile 2.02 children born/woman (2005 est.)
China 1.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 2.56 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Comoros 5.09 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 3.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Cook Islands NA children born/woman (2005 est.)
Costa Rica 2.28 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 4.58 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Croatia 1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Cuba 1.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Cyprus 1.83 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Czech Republic 1.2 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Denmark 1.74 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Djibouti 5.4 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Dominica 1.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic 2.86 children born/woman (2005 est.)
East Timor 3.61 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Ecuador 2.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Egypt 2.88 children born/woman (2005 est.)
El Salvador 3.16 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 4.62 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Eritrea 5.61 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Estonia 1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Ethiopia 5.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)
European Union 1.47 children born/woman (July 2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA children born/woman (2005 est.)
Faroe Islands 2.2 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Fiji 2.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Finland 1.73 children born/woman (2005 est.)
France 1.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)
French Guiana 3.01 children born/woman (2005 est.)
French Polynesia 2.04 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Gabon 4.77 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Gambia, The 5.38 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip 5.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Georgia 1.41 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Germany 1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Ghana 3.02 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Gibraltar 1.65 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Greece 1.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Greenland 2.41 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Grenada 2.37 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe 1.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Guam 2.6 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Guatemala 4.53 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Guernsey 1.38 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Guinea 5.83 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 4.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Guyana 2.05 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Haiti 5.02 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Honduras 3.87 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Hong Kong 0.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Hungary 1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Iceland 1.92 children born/woman (2005 est.)
India 2.78 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Indonesia 2.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Iran 1.82 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Iraq 4.28 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Ireland 1.87 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Israel 2.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Italy 1.28 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Jamaica 1.95 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Japan 1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Jersey 1.57 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Jordan 2.71 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan 1.89 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Kenya 4.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Kiribati 4.2 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Korea, North 2.15 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Korea, South 1.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Kuwait 2.97 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 2.7 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Laos 4.77 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Latvia 1.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Lebanon 1.92 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Lesotho 3.35 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Liberia 6.09 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Libya 3.34 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein 1.51 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Lithuania 1.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Luxembourg 1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Macau 0.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Macedonia 1.57 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Madagascar 5.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Malawi 5.98 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Malaysia 3.07 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Maldives 5.02 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Mali 6.5 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Malta 1.5 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of 1.65 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands 3.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Martinique 1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Mauritania 5.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Mauritius 1.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Mayotte 5.89 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Mexico 2.45 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 3.25 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Moldova 1.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Monaco 1.76 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Mongolia 2.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Montserrat 1.78 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Morocco 2.73 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Mozambique 4.7 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Namibia 3.18 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Nauru 3.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Nepal 4.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Netherlands 1.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 2 children born/woman (2005 est.)
New Caledonia 2.31 children born/woman (2005 est.)
New Zealand 1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Nicaragua 2.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Niger 6.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Nigeria 5.53 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands 1.27 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Norway 1.78 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Oman 5.84 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Pakistan 4.14 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Palau 2.46 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Panama 2.45 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea 3.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Paraguay 3.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Peru 2.56 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Philippines 3.16 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Portugal 1.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico 1.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Qatar 2.87 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Reunion 2.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Romania 1.36 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Russia 1.27 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Rwanda 5.49 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Saint Helena 1.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia 2.21 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2.03 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Samoa 3.01 children born/woman (2005 est.)
San Marino 1.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 5.71 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia 4.05 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Senegal 4.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 1.67 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Seychelles 1.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone 5.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Singapore 1.05 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Slovakia 1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Slovenia 1.24 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands 4.04 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Somalia 6.84 children born/woman (2005 est.)
South Africa 2.24 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Spain 1.28 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka 1.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Sudan 4.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Suriname 2.34 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Svalbard NA children born/woman
Swaziland 3.7 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Sweden 1.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Switzerland 1.42 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Syria 3.5 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Taiwan 1.57 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Tajikistan 4.05 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Tanzania 5.06 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Thailand 1.88 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Togo 4.61 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga 3 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 1.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Tunisia 1.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Turkey 1.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan 3.41 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 3.08 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Tuvalu 3 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Uganda 6.74 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Ukraine 1.4 children born/woman (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)
United Kingdom 1.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)
United States 2.08 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Uruguay 1.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan 2.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Vanuatu 2.77 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Venezuela 2.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Vietnam 1.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands 2.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA children born/woman
West Bank 4.4 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Western Sahara NA children born/woman
World 2.6 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Yemen 6.67 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Zambia 5.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe 3.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2128 Government type
Afghanistan Islamic republic
Albania emerging democracy
Algeria republic
American Samoa NA
Andorra parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are represented locally by coprinces' representatives
Angola republic, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system
Anguilla NA
Antarctica Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica; the 27th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Cape Town, South Africa in May-June 2004; at these periodic meetings, decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative member nations; at the end of 2003, there were 45 treaty member nations: 28 consultative and 17 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 21 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; the year in parentheses indicates when an acceding nation was accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1983), Bulgaria (1998) China (1985), Ecuador (1990), Finland (1989), Germany (1981), India (1983), Italy (1987), Japan, South Korea (1989), Netherlands (1990), Peru (1989), Poland (1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1988), Sweden (1988), Ukraine (1992), Uruguay (1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Czech Republic (1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Papua New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1995), and Venezuela (1999); Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements - some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for Fauna and Flora (1964) which were later incorporated into the Environmental Protocol; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, and 5) area protection and management; it prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Antigua and Barbuda constitutional monarchy with UK-style parliament
Argentina republic
Armenia republic
Aruba parliamentary democracy
Australia democratic, federal-state system recognizing the British monarch as sovereign
Austria federal republic
Azerbaijan republic
Bahamas, The constitutional parliamentary democracy
Bahrain constitutional hereditary monarchy
Bangladesh parliamentary democracy
Barbados parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth
Belarus republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship
Belgium federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch
Belize parliamentary democracy
Benin republic under multiparty democratic rule; dropped Marxism-Leninism December 1989
Bermuda parliamentary British overseas territory with internal self-government
Bhutan monarchy; special treaty relationship with India
Bolivia republic
Bosnia and Herzegovina emerging federal democratic republic
Botswana parliamentary republic
Brazil federative republic
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei constitutional sultanate
Bulgaria parliamentary democracy
Burkina Faso parliamentary republic
Burma military junta
Burundi republic
Cambodia multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993
Cameroon unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized in 1990) note: preponderance of power remains with the president
Canada a constitutional monarchy that is also a parliamentary democracy and a federation
Cape Verde republic
Cayman Islands British crown colony
Central African Republic republic
Chad republic
Chile republic
China Communist state
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia republic; executive branch dominates government structure
Comoros independent republic
Congo, Democratic Republic of the dictatorship; presumably undergoing a transition to representative government
Congo, Republic of the republic
Cook Islands self-governing parliamentary democracy
Costa Rica democratic republic
Cote d'Ivoire republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960
Croatia presidential/parliamentary democracy
Cuba Communist state
Cyprus republic note: a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in July 1974 that followed a Greek junta-supported coup attempt gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), recognized only by Turkey
Czech Republic parliamentary democracy
Denmark constitutional monarchy
Djibouti republic
Dominica parliamentary democracy; republic within the Commonwealth
Dominican Republic representative democracy
East Timor Republic
Ecuador republic
Egypt republic
El Salvador republic
Equatorial Guinea republic
Eritrea transitional government note: following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; a Constitutional Commission was also established to draft a constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by the transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997, did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential elections; parliamentary elections had been scheduled in December 2001, but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legal party is the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)
Estonia parliamentary republic
Ethiopia federal republic
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji republic note: military coup leader Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA formally declared Fiji a republic on 6 October 1987
Finland republic
France republic
French Guiana NA
French Polynesia NA
Gabon republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized in 1990)
Gambia, The republic under multiparty democratic rule
Georgia republic
Germany federal republic
Ghana constitutional democracy
Gibraltar NA
Greece parliamentary republic; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974
Greenland parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy
Grenada constitutional monarchy with Westminster-style parliament
Guadeloupe NA
Guam NA
Guatemala constitutional democratic republic
Guernsey NA
Guinea republic
Guinea-Bissau republic, multiparty since mid-1991
Guyana republic within the Commonwealth
Haiti elected government
Holy See (Vatican City) ecclesiastical
Honduras democratic constitutional republic
Hong Kong limited democracy
Hungary parliamentary democracy
Iceland constitutional republic
India federal republic
Indonesia republic
Iran theocratic republic
Iraq none; note - the Iraqi Interim Government (IG) was appointed on 1 June 2004
Ireland republic
Israel parliamentary democracy
Italy republic
Jamaica constitutional parliamentary democracy
Japan constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government
Jersey NA
Jordan constitutional monarchy
Kazakhstan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Kenya republic
Kiribati republic
Korea, North Communist state one-man dictatorship
Korea, South republic
Kuwait nominal constitutional monarchy
Kyrgyzstan republic
Laos Communist state
Latvia parliamentary democracy
Lebanon republic
Lesotho parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Liberia republic
Libya Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship
Liechtenstein hereditary constitutional monarchy on a democratic and parliamentary basis
Lithuania parliamentary democracy
Luxembourg constitutional monarchy
Macau limited democracy
Macedonia parliamentary democracy
Madagascar republic
Malawi multiparty democracy
Malaysia constitutional monarchy note: nominally headed by paramount ruler and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls); Sabah - holds 20 seats in House of Representatives and will hold 25 seats after the next election; Sarawak holds 28 seats in House of Representatives
Maldives republic
Mali republic
Malta republic
Man, Isle of parliamentary democracy
Marshall Islands constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21 October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004
Martinique NA
Mauritania republic
Mauritius parliamentary democracy
Mayotte NA
Mexico federal republic
Micronesia, Federated States of constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force May 2004
Moldova republic
Monaco constitutional monarchy
Mongolia mixed parliamentary/presidential
Montserrat NA
Morocco constitutional monarchy
Mozambique republic
Namibia republic
Nauru republic
Nepal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
Netherlands constitutional monarchy
Netherlands Antilles parliamentary
New Caledonia NA
New Zealand parliamentary democracy
Nicaragua republic
Niger republic
Nigeria federal republic
Niue self-governing parliamentary democracy
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature
Norway constitutional monarchy
Oman monarchy
Pakistan federal republic
Palau constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994
Panama constitutional democracy
Papua New Guinea constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy
Paraguay constitutional republic
Peru constitutional republic
Philippines republic
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland republic
Portugal parliamentary democracy
Puerto Rico commonwealth
Qatar traditional monarchy
Reunion NA
Romania republic
Russia federation
Rwanda republic; presidential, multiparty system
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis constitutional monarchy with Westminster-style parliament
Saint Lucia Westminster-style parliamentary democracy
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth
Samoa mix of parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
San Marino independent republic
Sao Tome and Principe republic
Saudi Arabia monarchy
Senegal republic under multiparty democratic rule
Serbia and Montenegro republic
Seychelles republic
Sierra Leone constitutional democracy
Singapore parliamentary republic
Slovakia parliamentary democracy
Slovenia parliamentary democratic republic
Solomon Islands parliamentary democracy
Somalia no permanent national government; transitional, parliamentary federal government
South Africa republic
Spain parliamentary monarchy
Sri Lanka republic
Sudan authoritarian regime - ruling military junta took power in 1989; government is run by an alliance of the military and the National Congress Party (NCP), formerly the National Islamic Front (NIF), which espouses an Islamist platform
Suriname constitutional democracy
Svalbard NA
Swaziland monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth
Sweden constitutional monarchy
Switzerland formally a confederation, but similar in structure to a federal republic
Syria republic under military regime since March 1963
Taiwan multiparty democratic regime headed by popularly-elected president and unicameral legislature
Tajikistan republic
Tanzania republic
Thailand constitutional monarchy
Togo republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
Tokelau NA
Tonga hereditary constitutional monarchy
Trinidad and Tobago parliamentary democracy
Tunisia republic
Turkey republican parliamentary democracy
Turkmenistan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; began debating republic status in 1992
Uganda republic
Ukraine republic
United Arab Emirates federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates
United Kingdom constitutional monarchy
United States Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition
Uruguay constitutional republic
Uzbekistan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Vanuatu parliamentary republic
Venezuela federal republic
Vietnam Communist state
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna NA
Western Sahara legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an OAU member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically, until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented 6 September 1991
Yemen republic
Zambia republic
Zimbabwe parliamentary democracy
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2129 Unemployment rate (%)
Afghanistan NA
Albania 14.8% officially; may be as high as 30% (2001 est.)
Algeria 25.4% (2004 est.)
American Samoa 6% (2000)
Andorra 0% (1996 est.)
Angola extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2001 est.)
Anguilla 8% (2002)
Antigua and Barbuda 11% (2001 est.)
Argentina 14.8% (2004 est.)
Armenia 30% (2003 est.)
Aruba 0.6% (2003 est.)
Australia 5.1% (December 2004 est.)
Austria 4.4% (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan 1.2% (official rate) (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The 10.2% (2004 est.)
Bahrain 15% (1998 est.)
Bangladesh 40% (includes underemployment) (2004 est.)
Barbados 10.7% (2003 est.)
Belarus 2% officially registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers (2004)
Belgium 12% (first half, 2004)
Belize 12.9% (2003)
Benin NA
Bermuda 5% (2002 est.)
Bhutan NA
Bolivia 9.2% in urban areas note: widespread underemployment (2003 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 44% officially; however, grey economy may reduce actual unemployment to near 20% (2004 est.)
Botswana 23.8% (2004 est.)
Brazil 11.5% (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands 3% (1995)
Brunei 3.2% (2002 est.)
Bulgaria 12.7% (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso NA%
Burma 5.2% (2004 est.)
Burundi NA
Cambodia 2.5% (2000 est.)
Cameroon 30% (2001 est.)
Canada 7% (2004)
Cape Verde 21% (2000 est.)
Cayman Islands 4.1% (1997)
Central African Republic 8% (23% for Bangui) (2001 est.)
Chad NA
Chile 8.5% (2004 est.)
China 9.8% in urban areas; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas; an official Chinese journal estimated overall unemployment (including rural areas) for 2003 at 20% (2004 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 60% (2000 est.)
Colombia 13.6% (2004 est.)
Comoros 20% (1996 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA (2003 est.)
Congo, Republic of the NA (2003)
Cook Islands 13% (1996)
Costa Rica 6.6% (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 13% in urban areas (1998)
Croatia 13.8% (2004 est.)
Cuba 2.5% (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 3.2%; north Cyprus: 5.6% (2004 est.)
Czech Republic 10.6% (2004 est.)
Denmark 6.2% (2004 est.)
Djibouti 50% (2004 est.)
Dominica 23% (2000 est.)
Dominican Republic 17% (2004 est.)
East Timor 50% (including underemployment) (1992 est.)
Ecuador 11.1%; note - underemployment of 47% (2004 est.)
Egypt 10.9% (2004 est.)
El Salvador 6.3% - but the economy has much underemployment (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 30% (1998 est.)
Eritrea NA (2003 est.)
Estonia 9.6% (2004 est.)
Ethiopia NA (2002)
European Union 9.5% (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) full employment; labor shortage (2001)
Faroe Islands 1% (October 2000)
Fiji 7.6% (1999)
Finland 8.9% (2004 est.)
France 10.1% (2004 est.)
French Guiana 22% (2001)
French Polynesia 11.8% (1994)
Gabon 21% (1997 est.)
Gambia, The NA (2002 est.)
Gaza Strip 50% (includes West Bank) (2003 est.)
Georgia 17% (2001 est.)
Germany 10.6% (2004 est.)
Ghana 20% (1997 est.)
Gibraltar 2% (2001 est.)
Greece 10% (2004 est.)
Greenland 10% (2000 est.)
Grenada 12.5% (2000)
Guadeloupe 27.8% (1998)
Guam 15% (2000 est.)
Guatemala 7.5% (2003 est.)
Guernsey 0.5% (1999 est.)
Guinea NA (2002 est.)
Guinea-Bissau NA (1998)
Guyana 9.1% (understated) (2000)
Haiti widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2002 est.)
Honduras 28.5% (2004 est.)
Hong Kong 6.7% (2004 est.)
Hungary 5.9% (2004 est.)
Iceland 3.1% (2004 est.)
India 9.2% (2004 est.)
Indonesia 9.2% (2004 est.)
Iran 11.2% (2004 est.)
Iraq 25% to 30% (2004 est.)
Ireland 4.3% (2004 est.)
Israel 10.7% (2004 est.)
Italy 8.6% (2004 est.)
Jamaica 15% (2004 est.)
Japan 4.7% (2004 est.)
Jersey 0.9% (2004 est.)
Jordan 15% official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30% (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 8% (2004 est.)
Kenya 40% (2001 est.)
Kiribati 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Korea, North NA (2003)
Korea, South 3.6% (2004 est.)
Kuwait 2.2% (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 18% (2004 est.)
Laos 5.7% (1997 est.)
Latvia 8.8% (2004 est.)
Lebanon 18% (1997 est.)
Lesotho 45% (2002)
Liberia 85% (2003 est.)
Libya 30% (2004)
Liechtenstein 1.3% (September 2002)
Lithuania 8% (2004 est.)
Luxembourg 4.5% (December, 2004 est.)
Macau 4.7% (3rd Quarter, 2004)
Macedonia 37.7% (3rd quarter, 2004 est.)
Malawi NA (2003 est.)
Malaysia 3% (2004 est.)
Maldives NEGL% (2003 est.)
Mali 14.6% urban areas; 5.3% rural areas (2001 est.)
Malta 7% (2003 est.)
Man, Isle of 0.6% (2004 est.)
Marshall Islands 30.9% (1999 est.)
Martinique 27.2% (1998)
Mauritania 20% (2004 est.)
Mauritius 10.8% (2004 est.)
Mayotte 38% (1999)
Mexico 3.2% plus underemployment of perhaps 25% (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 16% (1999 est.)
Moldova 8% (roughly 25% of working age Moldovans are employed abroad) (2002 est.)
Monaco 22% (1999)
Mongolia 6.7% (2003)
Montserrat 6% (1998 est.)
Morocco 12.1% (2004 est.)
Mozambique 21% (1997 est.)
Namibia 35% (1998)
Nauru 90% (2004 est.)
Nepal 47% (2001 est.)
Netherlands 6% (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 15.6% (2002 est.)
New Caledonia 19% (1996)
New Zealand 4.2% (2004 est.)
Nicaragua 7.8% plus underemployment of 46.5% (2003 est.)
Niger NA (2002 est.)
Nigeria NA
Niue NA
Norfolk Island 0%
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway 4.3% (2004 est.)
Oman 15% (2004 est.)
Pakistan 8.3% plus substantial underemployment (2004 est.)
Palau 2.3% (2000 est.)
Panama 12.6% (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea NA
Paraguay 15.1% (2004 est.)
Peru 9.6% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2004 est.)
Philippines 11.7% (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 19.5% (2004 est.)
Portugal 6.5% (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico 12% (2002)
Qatar 2.7% (2001)
Reunion 36% (1999 est.)
Romania 6.3% (2004 est.)
Russia 8.3% plus considerable underemployment (2004 est.)
Rwanda NA
Saint Helena 14% (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 4.5% (1997)
Saint Lucia 20% (2003 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 9.8% (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15% (2001 est.)
Samoa NA; note - substantial underemployment
San Marino 2.6% (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia 25% (unofficial estimate) (2004 est.)
Senegal 48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 30% note: unemployment is approximately 50% in Kosovo (2004 est.)
Seychelles NA
Sierra Leone NA
Singapore 3.4% (2004 est.)
Slovakia 13.1% (31 December 2004 est.)
Slovenia 6.4% (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands NA%
Somalia NA
South Africa 26.2% (2004 est.)
Spain 10.4% (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka 7.8% (2004 est.)
Sudan 18.7% (2002 est.)
Suriname 17% (2000)
Swaziland 34% (2000 est.)
Sweden 5.6% (2004 est.)
Switzerland 3.4% (2004 est.)
Syria 20% (2002 est.)
Taiwan 4.5% (2004 est.)
Tajikistan 40% (2002 est.)
Tanzania NA
Thailand 1.5% (November 2004 est.)
Togo NA (2003 est.)
Tokelau NA%
Tonga 13.3% (1996 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 10.4% (2004 est.)
Tunisia 13.8% (2004 est.)
Turkey 9.3% (plus underemployment of 4.0%) (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan 60% (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 10% (1997 est.)
Tuvalu NA%
Uganda NA (2002 est.)
Ukraine 3.5% officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers; the International Labor Organization calculates that Ukraine's real unemployment level is around 9-10 percent (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2.4% (2001)
United Kingdom 4.8% (2004 est.)
United States 5.5% (2004 est.)
Uruguay 13% (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan 0.6% officially, plus another 20% underemployed (2004 est.)
Vanuatu NA%
Venezuela 17.1% (2004 est.)
Vietnam 1.9% (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands 9.3% (2003 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA%
West Bank 27.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2004 est.)
Western Sahara NA
World 30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12% unemployment
Yemen 35% (2003 est.)
Zambia 50% (2000 est.)
Zimbabwe 70% (2002 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2137 Military - note
Akrotiri Akrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for British Forces on Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit
American Samoa defense is the responsibility of the US
Andorra defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Anguilla defense is the responsibility of the UK
Antarctica the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes
Argentina the Argentine military is a well-organized force constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military is now implementing "Plan 2000," aimed at making the ground forces lighter and more responsive (2005)
Aruba defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Ashmore and Cartier Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Baker Island defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Barbados the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land element is to defend the island against external aggression; the Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small regular cadre that is deployed throughout the island; it increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline to prevent smuggling and other illicit activities (2005)
Bassas da India defense is the responsibility of France
Bermuda defense is the responsibility of the UK
Bouvet Island defense is the responsibility of Norway
British Indian Ocean Territory defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
British Virgin Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Cayman Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Christmas Island defense is the responsibility of Australia
Clipperton Island defense is the responsibility of France
Cocos (Keeling) Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; the territory does have a five-person police force
Cook Islands defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request
Coral Sea Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors
Cuba Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba, cut off almost all military aid by 1993
Dhekelia includes Dheklia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway
Europa Island defense is the responsibility of France
European Union In November 2004, the European Union heads of government signed a "Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe" that offers possibilities - with some limits - for increased defense and security cooperation. If ratified, in a process that may take some two years, this treaty will in effect make operational the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) approved in the 2000 Nice Treaty. Despite limits of cooperation for some EU members, development of a European military planning unit is likely to continue. So is creation of a rapid-reaction military force and a humanitarian aid system, which the planning unit will support. France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Italy continue to press for wider coordination. The five-nation Eurocorps - created in 1992 by France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg - has already deployed troops and police on peacekeeping missions to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo and assumed command of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan in August 2004. Eurocorps directly commands the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade, the Multinational Command Support Brigade, and EUFOR, which took over from SFOR in Bosnia in December 2004. Other troop contributions are under national command - committments to provide 67,100 troops were made at the Helsinki EU session in 2000. Some 56,000 EU troops were actually deployed in 2003. In August 2004, the new European Defense Agency, tasked with promoting cooperative European defense capabilities, began operations. In November 2004, the EU Council of Ministers formally committed to creating thirteen 1,500-man "battle groups" by the end of 2007, to respond to international crises on a rotating basis. Twenty-two of the EU's 25 nations have agreed to supply troops. France, Italy, and the UK are to form the first three battle groups in 2005, with Spain to follow. In May 2005, Norway, Sweden, and Finland agreed to establish one of the battle groups, possibly to include Estonian forces. The remaining groups are to be formed by 2007. (2005)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) defense is the responsibility of the UK
Faroe Islands defense is the responsibility of Denmark
French Guiana defense is the responsibility of France
French Polynesia defense is the responsibility of France
French Southern and Antarctic Lands defense is the responsibility of France
Georgia a CIS peacekeeping force of Russian troops is deployed in the Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observer group; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia
Gibraltar defense is the responsibility of the UK; the last British regular infantry forces left Gibraltar in 1992, replaced by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment
Glorioso Islands defense is the responsibility of France
Greenland defense is the responsibility of Denmark
Guadeloupe defense is the responsibility of France
Guam defense is the responsibility of the US
Guernsey defense is the responsibility of the UK
Heard Island and McDonald Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols
Holy See (Vatican City) defense is the responsibility of Italy; ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss Guard
Hong Kong defense is the responsibility of China
Howland Island defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Iceland defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik
Jan Mayen defense is the responsibility of Norway
Jarvis Island defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Jersey defense is the responsibility of the UK
Johnston Atoll defense is the responsibility of the US
Juan de Nova Island defense is the responsibility of France
Kingman Reef defense is the responsibility of the US
Kiribati Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ
Laos Laos is one of the world's least developed countries; the Lao People's Armed Forces are small, poorly funded, and ineffectively resourced; there is little political will to allocate sparse funding to the military, and the armed forces' gradual degradation is likely to continue; the massive drug production and trafficking industry centered in the Golden Triangle makes Laos an important narcotics transit country, and armed Wa and Chinese smugglers are active on the Lao-Burma border (2005)
Lesotho the Lesotho Government in 1999 began an open debate on the future structure, size, and role of the armed forces, especially considering the Lesotho Defense Force's (LDF) history of intervening in political affairs
Liechtenstein defense is the responsibility of Switzerland
Man, Isle of defense is the responsibility of the UK
Marshall Islands defense is the responsibility of the US
Martinique defense is the responsibility of France
Mayotte defense is the responsibility of France; small contingent of French forces stationed on the island
Micronesia, Federated States of Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the US; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense
Midway Islands defense is the responsibility of the US
Monaco defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)
Montserrat defense is the responsibility of the UK
Nauru Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Navassa Island defense is the responsibility of the US
Netherlands Antilles defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
New Caledonia defense is the responsibility of France
Niue defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Norfolk Island defense is the responsibility of Australia
Northern Mariana Islands defense is the responsibility of the US
Palau defense is the responsibility of the US; under a Compact of Free Association between Palau and the US, the US military is granted access to the islands for 50 years
Palmyra Atoll defense is the responsibility of the US
Panama on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force, but allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of "external aggression"
Paracel Islands occupied by China
Pitcairn Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Puerto Rico defense is the responsibility of the US
Reunion defense is the responsibility of France
Saint Helena defense is the responsibility of the UK
Saint Pierre and Miquelon defense is the responsibility of France
Samoa Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship
San Marino defense is the responsibility of Italy
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resouces at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay and conditions have been a problem in the past, as has alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance as intial steps towards the improvement of the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is excersized from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)
South Africa with the end of apartheid and the establishment of majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was considered complete
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Spratly Islands Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Svalbard demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920
Tokelau defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Tromelin Island defense is the responsibility of France
Turkey in the early 1990s, the Turkish Land Force was a large but badly equipped infantry force; there were 14 infantry divisions, but only one was mechanized, and out of 16 infantry brigades, only six were mechanized; the overhaul that has taken place since has produced highly moblie forces with greatly enhanced firepower in accordance with NATO's new strategic concept (2005)
Turks and Caicos Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Virgin Islands defense is the responsibility of the US
Wake Island defense is the responsibility of the US; launch support facility is part of the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site (RTS) administered by US Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC)
Wallis and Futuna defense is the responsibility of France
Yemen a Coast Guard was established in 2002
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2138 Communications - note
Afghanistan in March 2003 'af' was established as Afghanistan's domain name; Internet access is growing through Internet cafes as well as public "telekiosks" in Kabul that are part of a nationwide network proposed by the Transitional Authority for Internet access (2002)
Bouvet Island automatic meteorological station
Coral Sea Islands there are automatic weather stations on many of the isles and reefs relaying data to the mainland
Europa Island 1 meteorological station
Glorioso Islands 1 meteorological station
Juan de Nova Island 1 meteorological station
Saint Helena Gough Island has a meteorological station
Tromelin Island important meteorological station
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2140 Government - note
Malawi the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature
Solomon Islands June 2003 Prime Minister Sir Allan KEMAKEZA sought the intervention of Australia to aid in restoring order; parliament approved the request for intervention in July 2003; troops from Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Tonga arrived 24 July 2003. By the end of 2004 the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) had been scaled back to 302 police officers and 120 military in addition to civilian technical advisors.
Somalia although an interim government was created in 2004 other governing bodies continue to exist and control various cities and regions of the country, including the self-declared Republic of Somaliland, and traditional clan and faction strongholds
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2142 Country name
Afghanistan conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan conventional short form: Afghanistan local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan local short form: Afghanestan former: Republic of Afghanistan
Akrotiri conventional long form: Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area conventional short form: Akrotiri
Albania conventional long form: Republic of Albania conventional short form: Albania local long form: Republika e Shqiperise local short form: Shqiperia former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Algeria conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria conventional short form: Algeria local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah local short form: Al Jaza'ir
American Samoa conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa conventional short form: American Samoa abbreviation: AS
Andorra conventional long form: Principality of Andorra conventional short form: Andorra local long form: Principat d'Andorra local short form: Andorra
Angola conventional long form: Republic of Angola conventional short form: Angola local long form: Republica de Angola local short form: Angola former: People's Republic of Angola
Anguilla conventional long form: none conventional short form: Anguilla
Antarctica conventional long form: none conventional short form: Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda conventional long form: none conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina conventional long form: Argentine Republic conventional short form: Argentina local long form: Republica Argentina local short form: Argentina
Armenia conventional long form: Republic of Armenia conventional short form: Armenia local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun local short form: Hayastan former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic
Aruba conventional long form: none conventional short form: Aruba
Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Australia conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia conventional short form: Australia
Austria conventional long form: Republic of Austria conventional short form: Austria local long form: Republik Oesterreich local short form: Oesterreich
Azerbaijan conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan conventional short form: Azerbaijan local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi local short form: none former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Bahamas, The conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas conventional short form: The Bahamas
Bahrain conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain conventional short form: Bahrain local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn local short form: Al Bahrayn former: Dilmun
Baker Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Baker Island
Bangladesh conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh conventional short form: Bangladesh former: East Pakistan
Barbados conventional long form: none conventional short form: Barbados
Bassas da India conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bassas da India
Belarus conventional long form: Republic of Belarus conventional short form: Belarus local long form: Respublika Byelarus' local short form: none former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic
Belgium conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium conventional short form: Belgium local long form: Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie local short form: Belgique/Belgie
Belize conventional long form: none conventional short form: Belize former: British Honduras
Benin conventional long form: Republic of Benin conventional short form: Benin local long form: Republique du Benin local short form: Benin former: Dahomey
Bermuda conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands
Bhutan conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan conventional short form: Bhutan
Bolivia conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia conventional short form: Bolivia local long form: Republica de Bolivia local short form: Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina local long form: none local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana conventional long form: Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland
Bouvet Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bouvet Island
Brazil conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil conventional short form: Brazil local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil local short form: Brasil
British Indian Ocean Territory conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT
British Virgin Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: British Virgin Islands abbreviation: BVI
Brunei conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei
Bulgaria conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria conventional short form: Bulgaria
Burkina Faso conventional long form: none conventional short form: Burkina Faso former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta
Burma conventional long form: Union of Burma conventional short form: Burma local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar) local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma note: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma have promoted the name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; this decision was not approved by any sitting legislature in Burma, and the US Government did not adopt the name, which is a derivative of the Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw
Burundi conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi
Cambodia conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanacha Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation) local short form: Kampuchea former: Kingdom of Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
Cameroon conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon conventional short form: Cameroon former: French Cameroon
Canada conventional long form: none conventional short form: Canada
Cape Verde conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde conventional short form: Cape Verde local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde local short form: Cabo Verde
Cayman Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Cayman Islands
Central African Republic conventional long form: Central African Republic conventional short form: none local long form: Republique Centrafricaine local short form: none former: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire abbreviation: CAR
Chad conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad local short form: Tchad
Chile conventional long form: Republic of Chile conventional short form: Chile local long form: Republica de Chile local short form: Chile
China conventional long form: People's Republic of China conventional short form: China local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo local short form: Zhong Guo abbreviation: PRC
Christmas Island conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Clipperton Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Clipperton Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Clipperton former: sometimes called Ile de la Passion
Cocos (Keeling) Islands conventional long form: Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands conventional short form: Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia conventional long form: Republic of Colombia conventional short form: Colombia local long form: Republica de Colombia local short form: Colombia
Comoros conventional long form: Union of the Comoros conventional short form: Comoros local long form: Union des Comores local short form: Comores
Congo, Democratic Republic of the conventional long form: Democratic Republic of the Congo conventional short form: none local long form: Republique Democratique du Congo local short form: none former: Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville, Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire abbreviation: DROC
Congo, Republic of the conventional long form: Republic of the Congo conventional short form: Congo (Brazzaville) local long form: Republique du Congo local short form: none former: Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo
Cook Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Cook Islands former: Harvey Islands
Coral Sea Islands conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands
Costa Rica conventional long form: Republic of Costa Rica conventional short form: Costa Rica local long form: Republica de Costa Rica local short form: Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire conventional short form: Cote d'Ivoire local long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoire local short form: Cote d'Ivoire former: Ivory Coast
Croatia conventional long form: Republic of Croatia conventional short form: Croatia local long form: Republika Hrvatska local short form: Hrvatska former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
Cuba conventional long form: Republic of Cuba conventional short form: Cuba local long form: Republica de Cuba local short form: Cuba
Cyprus conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus conventional short form: Cyprus note: the Turkish Cypriot community (north Cyprus) refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC)
Czech Republic conventional long form: Czech Republic conventional short form: Czech Republic local long form: Ceska Republika local short form: Ceska Republika
Denmark conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark conventional short form: Denmark local long form: Kongeriget Danmark local short form: Danmark
Dhekelia conventional long form: Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area conventional short form: Dhekelia
Djibouti conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti conventional short form: Djibouti former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
Dominica conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica conventional short form: Dominica
Dominican Republic conventional long form: Dominican Republic conventional short form: The Dominican local long form: Republica Dominicana local short form: La Dominicana
East Timor conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste conventional short form: East Timor local long form: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste [Portuguese] local short form: Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese] former: Portuguese Timor
Ecuador conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador conventional short form: Ecuador local long form: Republica del Ecuador local short form: Ecuador
Egypt conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt conventional short form: Egypt local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah local short form: Misr former: United Arab Republic (with Syria)
El Salvador conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador conventional short form: El Salvador local long form: Republica de El Salvador local short form: El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial former: Spanish Guinea
Eritrea conventional long form: State of Eritrea conventional short form: Eritrea local long form: Hagere Ertra local short form: Ertra former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia
Estonia conventional long form: Republic of Estonia conventional short form: Estonia local long form: Eesti Vabariik local short form: Eesti former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Ethiopia conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia conventional short form: Ethiopia local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik local short form: Ityop'iya former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa abbreviation: FDRE
Europa Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Europa Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Europa
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Faroe Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Faroe Islands local long form: none local short form: Foroyar
Fiji conventional long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands conventional short form: Fiji
Finland conventional long form: Republic of Finland conventional short form: Finland local long form: Suomen Tasavalta local short form: Suomi
France conventional long form: French Republic conventional short form: France local long form: Republique Francaise local short form: France
French Guiana conventional long form: Department of Guiana conventional short form: French Guiana local long form: none local short form: Guyane
French Polynesia conventional long form: Overseas Lands of French Polynesia conventional short form: French Polynesia local long form: Pays d'outre-mer de la Polynesie Francaise local short form: Polynesie Francaise former: French Colony of Oceania
French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises
Gabon conventional long form: Gabonese Republic conventional short form: Gabon local long form: Republique Gabonaise local short form: Gabon
Gambia, The conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia conventional short form: The Gambia
Gaza Strip conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gaza Strip local long form: none local short form: Qita Ghazzah
Georgia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Georgia local long form: none local short form: Sak'art'velo former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Germany conventional long form: Federal Republic of Germany conventional short form: Germany local long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschland local short form: Deutschland former: German Empire, German Republic, German Reich
Ghana conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast
Gibraltar conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Glorioso Islands local long form: none local short form: Iles Glorieuses
Greece conventional long form: Hellenic Republic conventional short form: Greece local long form: Elliniki Dhimokratia local short form: Ellas or Ellada former: Kingdom of Greece
Greenland conventional long form: none conventional short form: Greenland local long form: none local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat
Grenada conventional long form: none conventional short form: Grenada
Guadeloupe conventional long form: Department of Guadeloupe conventional short form: Guadeloupe local long form: Departement de la Guadeloupe local short form: Guadeloupe
Guam conventional long form: Territory of Guam conventional short form: Guam local long form: Guahan
Guatemala conventional long form: Republic of Guatemala conventional short form: Guatemala local long form: Republica de Guatemala local short form: Guatemala
Guernsey conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey conventional short form: Guernsey
Guinea conventional long form: Republic of Guinea conventional short form: Guinea local long form: Republique de Guinee local short form: Guinee former: French Guinea
Guinea-Bissau conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau local short form: Guine-Bissau former: Portuguese Guinea
Guyana conventional long form: Co-operative Republic of Guyana conventional short form: Guyana former: British Guiana
Haiti conventional long form: Republic of Haiti conventional short form: Haiti local long form: Republique d'Haiti local short form: Haiti
Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Holy See (Vatican City) conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)
Honduras conventional long form: Republic of Honduras conventional short form: Honduras local long form: Republica de Honduras local short form: Honduras
Hong Kong conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Hong Kong local long form: Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu local short form: Xianggang abbreviation: HK
Howland Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Howland Island
Hungary conventional long form: Republic of Hungary conventional short form: Hungary local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag local short form: Magyarorszag
Iceland conventional long form: Republic of Iceland conventional short form: Iceland local long form: Lydhveldidh Island local short form: Island
India conventional long form: Republic of India conventional short form: India
Indonesia conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia conventional short form: Indonesia local long form: Republik Indonesia local short form: Indonesia former: Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies
Iran conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran conventional short form: Iran local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran local short form: Iran former: Persia
Iraq conventional long form: Republic of Iraq conventional short form: Iraq local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah local short form: Al Iraq
Ireland conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ireland local long form: none local short form: Eire
Israel conventional long form: State of Israel conventional short form: Israel local long form: Medinat Yisra'el local short form: Yisra'el
Italy conventional long form: Italian Republic conventional short form: Italy local long form: Repubblica Italiana local short form: Italia former: Kingdom of Italy
Jamaica conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jamaica
Jan Mayen conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jan Mayen
Japan conventional long form: none conventional short form: Japan
Jarvis Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jarvis Island
Jersey conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey conventional short form: Jersey
Johnston Atoll conventional long form: none conventional short form: Johnston Atoll
Jordan conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan conventional short form: Jordan local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah local short form: Al Urdun former: Transjordan
Juan de Nova Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Juan de Nova Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Juan de Nova
Kazakhstan conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan conventional short form: Kazakhstan local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy local short form: none former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Kenya conventional long form: Republic of Kenya conventional short form: Kenya former: British East Africa
Kingman Reef conventional long form: none conventional short form: Kingman Reef
Kiribati conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati conventional short form: Kiribati note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss former: Gilbert Islands
Korea, North conventional long form: Democratic People's Republic of Korea conventional short form: North Korea local long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk local short form: none note: the North Koreans generally use the term "Choson" to refer to their country abbreviation: DPRK
Korea, South conventional long form: Republic of Korea conventional short form: South Korea local long form: Taehan-min'guk local short form: none note: the South Koreans generally use the term "Han'guk" to refer to their country abbreviation: ROK
Kuwait conventional long form: State of Kuwait conventional short form: Kuwait local long form: Dawlat al Kuwayt local short form: Al Kuwayt
Kyrgyzstan conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy local short form: none former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
Laos conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republic conventional short form: Laos local long form: Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao local short form: none
Latvia conventional long form: Republic of Latvia conventional short form: Latvia local long form: Latvijas Republika local short form: Latvija former: Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
Lebanon conventional long form: Lebanese Republic conventional short form: Lebanon local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah local short form: Lubnan
Lesotho conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho conventional short form: Lesotho former: Basutoland
Liberia conventional long form: Republic of Liberia conventional short form: Liberia
Libya conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya conventional short form: Libya local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma local short form: none
Liechtenstein conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein
Lithuania conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania conventional short form: Lithuania local long form: Lietuvos Respublika local short form: Lietuva former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Luxembourg conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg conventional short form: Luxembourg local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg local short form: Luxembourg
Macau conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Macedonia conventional long form: Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: Macedonia; note - the provisional designation used by the UN, EU, and NATO is Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija former: People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of Macedonia
Madagascar conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar conventional short form: Madagascar local long form: Republique de Madagascar local short form: Madagascar former: Malagasy Republic
Malawi conventional long form: Republic of Malawi conventional short form: Malawi former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland
Malaysia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Malaysia former: Federation of Malaysia
Maldives conventional long form: Republic of Maldives conventional short form: Maldives local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa local short form: Dhivehi Raajje
Mali conventional long form: Republic of Mali conventional short form: Mali local long form: Republique de Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
Malta conventional long form: Republic of Malta conventional short form: Malta local long form: Repubblika ta' Malta local short form: Malta
Man, Isle of conventional long form: none conventional short form: Isle of Man
Marshall Islands conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands conventional short form: Marshall Islands former: Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
Martinique conventional long form: Department of Martinique conventional short form: Martinique local long form: Departement de la Martinique local short form: Martinique
Mauritania conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Mauritania conventional short form: Mauritania local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah local short form: Muritaniyah
Mauritius conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius conventional short form: Mauritius
Mayotte conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte conventional short form: Mayotte
Mexico conventional long form: United Mexican States conventional short form: Mexico local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos local short form: Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia conventional short form: none former: Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) abbreviation: FSM
Midway Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Midway Islands
Moldova conventional long form: Republic of Moldova conventional short form: Moldova local long form: Republica Moldova local short form: none former: Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic; Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic
Monaco conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco
Mongolia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Mongolia local long form: none local short form: Mongol Uls former: Outer Mongolia
Montserrat conventional long form: none conventional short form: Montserrat
Morocco conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco conventional short form: Morocco local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah local short form: Al Maghrib
Mozambique conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique conventional short form: Mozambique local long form: Republica de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique former: Portuguese East Africa
Namibia conventional long form: Republic of Namibia conventional short form: Namibia former: German Southwest Africa, South-West Africa
Nauru conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island
Navassa Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Navassa Island
Nepal conventional long form: Kingdom of Nepal conventional short form: Nepal
Netherlands conventional long form: Kingdom of the Netherlands conventional short form: Netherlands local long form: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden local short form: Nederland
Netherlands Antilles conventional long form: none conventional short form: Netherlands Antilles local long form: none local short form: Nederlandse Antillen former: Curacao and Dependencies
New Caledonia conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies conventional short form: New Caledonia local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie
New Zealand conventional long form: none conventional short form: New Zealand abbreviation: NZ
Nicaragua conventional long form: Republic of Nicaragua conventional short form: Nicaragua local long form: Republica de Nicaragua local short form: Nicaragua
Niger conventional long form: Republic of Niger conventional short form: Niger local long form: Republique du Niger local short form: Niger
Nigeria conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria conventional short form: Nigeria
Niue conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island
Norfolk Island conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands conventional long form: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands former: Mariana Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
Norway conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway conventional short form: Norway local long form: Kongeriket Norge local short form: Norge
Oman conventional long form: Sultanate of Oman conventional short form: Oman local long form: Saltanat Uman local short form: Uman former: Muscat and Oman
Pakistan conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan conventional short form: Pakistan former: West Pakistan
Palau conventional long form: Republic of Palau conventional short form: Palau local long form: Beluu er a Belau local short form: Belau former: Palau District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
Palmyra Atoll conventional long form: none conventional short form: Palmyra Atoll
Panama conventional long form: Republic of Panama conventional short form: Panama local long form: Republica de Panama local short form: Panama
Papua New Guinea conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea conventional short form: Papua New Guinea former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea abbreviation: PNG
Paracel Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Paracel Islands
Paraguay conventional long form: Republic of Paraguay conventional short form: Paraguay local long form: Republica del Paraguay local short form: Paraguay
Peru conventional long form: Republic of Peru conventional short form: Peru local long form: Republica del Peru local short form: Peru
Philippines conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines conventional short form: Philippines local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas local short form: Pilipinas
Pitcairn Islands conventional long form: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands conventional short form: Pitcairn Islands
Poland conventional long form: Republic of Poland conventional short form: Poland local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska local short form: Polska
Portugal conventional long form: Portuguese Republic conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal
Puerto Rico conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico conventional short form: Puerto Rico
Qatar conventional long form: State of Qatar conventional short form: Qatar local long form: Dawlat Qatar local short form: Qatar note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Reunion conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island
Romania conventional long form: none conventional short form: Romania local long form: none local short form: Romania
Russia conventional long form: Russian Federation conventional short form: Russia local long form: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya local short form: Rossiya former: Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Rwanda conventional long form: Republic of Rwanda conventional short form: Rwanda local long form: Republika y'u Rwanda local short form: Rwanda former: Ruanda
Saint Helena conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Helena
Saint Kitts and Nevis conventional long form: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis conventional short form: Saint Kitts and Nevis former: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
Saint Lucia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Lucia
Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa conventional short form: Samoa former: Western Samoa
San Marino conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
Saudi Arabia conventional long form: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia conventional short form: Saudi Arabia local long form: Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Suudiyah local short form: Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah
Senegal conventional long form: Republic of Senegal conventional short form: Senegal local long form: Republique du Senegal local short form: Senegal
Serbia and Montenegro conventional long form: Serbia and Montenegro conventional short form: none local long form: Srbija i Crna Gora local short form: none former: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia abbreviation: SCG
Seychelles conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles conventional short form: Seychelles
Sierra Leone conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone conventional short form: Sierra Leone
Singapore conventional long form: Republic of Singapore conventional short form: Singapore
Slovakia conventional long form: Slovak Republic conventional short form: Slovakia local long form: Slovenska Republika local short form: Slovensko
Slovenia conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia conventional short form: Slovenia local long form: Republika Slovenija local short form: Slovenija former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Solomon Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Solomon Islands former: British Solomon Islands
Somalia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Somalia former: Somali Republic, Somali Democratic Republic
South Africa conventional long form: Republic of South Africa conventional short form: South Africa former: Union of South Africa abbreviation: RSA
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none
Spain conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain conventional short form: Spain local short form: Espana
Spratly Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Sri Lanka conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka conventional short form: Sri Lanka former: Serendib, Ceylon
Sudan conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan conventional short form: Sudan local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan local short form: As-Sudan former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Suriname conventional long form: Republic of Suriname conventional short form: Suriname local long form: Republiek Suriname local short form: Suriname former: Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana
Svalbard conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Swaziland conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland conventional short form: Swaziland
Sweden conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden conventional short form: Sweden local long form: Konungariket Sverige local short form: Sverige
Switzerland conventional long form: Swiss Confederation conventional short form: Switzerland local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German), Confederation Suisse (French), Confederazione Svizzera (Italian) local short form: Schweiz (German), Suisse (French), Svizzera (Italian)
Syria conventional long form: Syrian Arab Republic conventional short form: Syria local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah local short form: Suriyah former: United Arab Republic (with Egypt)
Taiwan conventional long form: none conventional short form: Taiwan local long form: none local short form: T'ai-wan former: Formosa
Tajikistan conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston local short form: Tojikiston former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
Tanzania conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania conventional short form: Tanzania former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Thailand conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand conventional short form: Thailand former: Siam
Togo conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland
Tokelau conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tokelau
Tonga conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Trinidad and Tobago conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago
Tromelin Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tromelin Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Tromelin
Tunisia conventional long form: Tunisian Republic conventional short form: Tunisia local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah local short form: Tunis
Turkey conventional long form: Republic of Turkey conventional short form: Turkey local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti local short form: Turkiye
Turkmenistan conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
Turks and Caicos Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands
Tuvalu conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tuvalu former: Ellice Islands note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands
Uganda conventional long form: Republic of Uganda conventional short form: Uganda
Ukraine conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ukraine local long form: none local short form: Ukrayina former: Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
United Arab Emirates conventional long form: United Arab Emirates conventional short form: none local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah local short form: none former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States abbreviation: UAE
United Kingdom conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales conventional short form: United Kingdom abbreviation: UK
United States conventional long form: United States of America conventional short form: United States abbreviation: US or USA
Uruguay conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay conventional short form: Uruguay local long form: Republica Oriental del Uruguay local short form: Uruguay former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province
Uzbekistan conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan conventional short form: Uzbekistan local long form: Ozbekiston Respublikasi local short form: Ozbekiston former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Vanuatu conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu conventional short form: Vanuatu former: New Hebrides
Venezuela conventional long form: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela conventional short form: Venezuela local long form: Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela local short form: Venezuela
Vietnam conventional long form: Socialist Republic of Vietnam conventional short form: Vietnam local long form: Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam local short form: Viet Nam abbreviation: SRV
Virgin Islands conventional long form: United States Virgin Islands conventional short form: Virgin Islands former: Danish West Indies
Wake Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Wake Island
Wallis and Futuna conventional long form: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands conventional short form: Wallis and Futuna local long form: Territoire des Iles Wallis et Futuna local short form: Wallis et Futuna
West Bank conventional long form: none conventional short form: West Bank
Western Sahara conventional long form: none conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara
Yemen conventional long form: Republic of Yemen conventional short form: Yemen local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah local short form: Al Yaman former: Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]
Zambia conventional long form: Republic of Zambia conventional short form: Zambia former: Northern Rhodesia
Zimbabwe conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2144 Location
Afghanistan Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran
Akrotiri peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus
Albania Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro
Algeria Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia
American Samoa Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand
Andorra Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Angola Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Anguilla Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Antarctica continent mostly south of the Antarctic Circle
Antigua and Barbuda Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
Arctic Ocean body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Argentina Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay
Armenia Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey
Aruba Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island
Atlantic Ocean body of water between Africa, Europe, the Southern Ocean, and the Western Hemisphere
Australia Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
Austria Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia
Azerbaijan Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range
Bahamas, The Caribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba
Bahrain Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
Baker Island Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia
Bangladesh Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India
Barbados Caribbean, island in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Bassas da India Southern Africa, islands in the southern Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from Madagascar to Mozambique
Belarus Eastern Europe, east of Poland
Belgium Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands
Belize Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico
Benin Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo
Bermuda North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)
Bhutan Southern Asia, between China and India
Bolivia Central South America, southwest of Brazil
Bosnia and Herzegovina Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia
Botswana Southern Africa, north of South Africa
Bouvet Island island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)
Brazil Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
British Indian Ocean Territory archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
British Virgin Islands Caribbean, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Brunei Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Bulgaria Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey
Burkina Faso Western Africa, north of Ghana
Burma Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand
Burundi Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cambodia Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Cameroon Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria
Canada Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US
Cape Verde Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Cayman Islands Caribbean, island group in Caribbean Sea, nearly one-half of the way from Cuba to Honduras
Central African Republic Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Chad Central Africa, south of Libya
Chile Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru
China Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam
Christmas Island Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Clipperton Island Middle America, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,120 km southwest of Mexico
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Southeastern Asia, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Indonesia, about halfway from Australia to Sri Lanka
Colombia Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
Comoros Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Central Africa, northeast of Angola
Congo, Republic of the Western Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon
Cook Islands Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Coral Sea Islands Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia
Costa Rica Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama
Cote d'Ivoire Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia
Croatia Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
Cuba Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida
Cyprus Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey
Czech Republic Central Europe, southeast of Germany
Denmark Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn)
Dhekelia on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta
Djibouti Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Dominica Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
Dominican Republic Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti
East Timor Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - East Timor includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco
Ecuador Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru
Egypt Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula
El Salvador Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras
Equatorial Guinea Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon
Eritrea Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan
Estonia Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
Ethiopia Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
Europa Island Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about half way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique
European Union Europe between Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, southeastern Europe, and the North Atlantic Ocean
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Faroe Islands Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Iceland to Norway
Fiji Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Finland Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
France Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain
French Guiana Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname
French Polynesia Oceania, archipelagoes in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from South America to Australia
French Southern and Antarctic Lands southeast of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"
Gabon Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea
Gambia, The Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal
Gaza Strip Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel
Georgia Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia
Germany Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark
Ghana Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
Gibraltar Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Glorioso Islands Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar
Greece Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Greenland Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Grenada Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Guadeloupe Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico
Guam Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
Guatemala Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize
Guernsey Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France
Guinea Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone
Guinea-Bissau Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal
Guyana Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela
Haiti Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic
Heard Island and McDonald Islands islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica
Holy See (Vatican City) Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)
Honduras Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean), between El Salvador and Nicaragua
Hong Kong Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Howland Island Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia
Hungary Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Iceland Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK
India Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan
Indian Ocean body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia
Indonesia Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Iran Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
Iraq Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
Ireland Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain
Israel Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon
Italy Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia
Jamaica Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba
Jan Mayen Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland
Japan Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula
Jarvis Island Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and the Cook Islands
Jersey Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France
Johnston Atoll Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 717 nm (1328 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands
Jordan Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia
Juan de Nova Island Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique
Kazakhstan Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural River in eastern-most Europe
Kenya Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania
Kingman Reef Oceania, reef in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and American Samoa
Kiribati Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator; the capital Tarawa is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line
Korea, North Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea
Korea, South Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea
Kuwait Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia
Kyrgyzstan Central Asia, west of China
Laos Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam
Latvia Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania
Lebanon Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria
Lesotho Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa
Liberia Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone
Libya Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Liechtenstein Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland
Lithuania Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia
Luxembourg Western Europe, between France and Germany
Macau Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Macedonia Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
Madagascar Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique
Malawi Southern Africa, east of Zambia
Malaysia Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam
Maldives Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India
Mali Western Africa, southwest of Algeria
Malta Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy)
Man, Isle of Western Europe, island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland
Marshall Islands Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Martinique Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Mauritania Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara
Mauritius Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Mayotte Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique
Mexico Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US
Micronesia, Federated States of Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia
Midway Islands Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo
Moldova Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
Monaco Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Mongolia Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Montserrat Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Morocco Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara
Mozambique South-eastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
Namibia Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa
Nauru Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Navassa Island Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, 35 miles west of Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti
Nepal Southern Asia, between China and India
Netherlands Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany
Netherlands Antilles Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - composed of five islands, Curacao and Bonaire located off the coast of Venezuela, and St. Maarten, Saba, and St. Eustatius lie east of the US Virgin Islands
New Caledonia Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
New Zealand Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
Nicaragua Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras
Niger Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Nigeria Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
Niue Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Norfolk Island Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Northern Mariana Islands Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
Norway Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
Oman Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE
Pacific Ocean body of water between the Southern Ocean, Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere
Pakistan Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north
Palau Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines
Palmyra Atoll Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and American Samoa
Panama Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica
Papua New Guinea Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia
Paracel Islands Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines
Paraguay Central South America, northeast of Argentina
Peru Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Philippines Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
Pitcairn Islands Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about midway between Peru and New Zealand
Poland Central Europe, east of Germany
Portugal Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Puerto Rico Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic
Qatar Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Reunion Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Romania Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Russia Northern Asia (that part west of the Urals is included with Europe), bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean
Rwanda Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Saint Helena islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa
Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
Saint Lucia Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Samoa Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
San Marino Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Sao Tome and Principe Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon
Saudi Arabia Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen
Senegal Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Serbia and Montenegro Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Seychelles archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar
Sierra Leone Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia
Singapore Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Slovakia Central Europe, south of Poland
Slovenia Central Europe, eastern Alps bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia
Solomon Islands Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea
Somalia Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia
South Africa Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Southern Ocean body of water between 60 degrees south latitude and Antarctica
Spain Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Pyrenees Mountains, southwest of France
Spratly Islands Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Sri Lanka Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India
Sudan Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
Suriname Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana
Svalbard Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Swaziland Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa
Sweden Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Switzerland Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy
Syria Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey
Taiwan Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China
Tajikistan Central Asia, west of China
Tanzania Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Thailand Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
Togo Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Tokelau Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Tonga Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Tromelin Island Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Tunisia Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Turkey southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria
Turkmenistan Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti
Tuvalu Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Uganda Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Ukraine Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east
United Arab Emirates Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
United Kingdom Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France
United States North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico
Uruguay Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Uzbekistan Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
Vanuatu Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Venezuela Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana
Vietnam Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia
Virgin Islands Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Wake Island Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to the Northern Mariana Islands
Wallis and Futuna Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
West Bank Middle East, west of Jordan
Western Sahara Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco
Yemen Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
Zambia Southern Africa, east of Angola
Zimbabwe Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2145 Map references
Afghanistan Asia
Akrotiri Middle East
Albania Europe
Algeria Africa
American Samoa Oceania
Andorra Europe
Angola Africa
Anguilla Central America and the Caribbean
Antarctica Antarctic Region
Antigua and Barbuda Central America and the Caribbean
Arctic Ocean Arctic Region
Argentina South America
Armenia Asia
Aruba Central America and the Caribbean
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Southeast Asia
Atlantic Ocean Political Map of the World
Australia Oceania
Austria Europe
Azerbaijan Asia
Bahamas, The Central America and the Caribbean
Bahrain Middle East
Baker Island Oceania
Bangladesh Asia
Barbados Central America and the Caribbean
Bassas da India Africa
Belarus Europe
Belgium Europe
Belize Central America and the Caribbean
Benin Africa
Bermuda North America
Bhutan Asia
Bolivia South America
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe
Botswana Africa
Bouvet Island Antarctic Region
Brazil South America
British Indian Ocean Territory Political Map of the World
British Virgin Islands Central America and the Caribbean
Brunei Southeast Asia
Bulgaria Europe
Burkina Faso Africa
Burma Southeast Asia
Burundi Africa
Cambodia Southeast Asia
Cameroon Africa
Canada North America
Cape Verde Political Map of the World
Cayman Islands Central America and the Caribbean
Central African Republic Africa
Chad Africa
Chile South America
China Asia
Christmas Island Southeast Asia
Clipperton Island Political Map of the World
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Southeast Asia
Colombia South America
Comoros Africa
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Africa
Congo, Republic of the Africa
Cook Islands Oceania
Coral Sea Islands Oceania
Costa Rica Central America and the Caribbean
Cote d'Ivoire Africa
Croatia Europe
Cuba Central America and the Caribbean
Cyprus Middle East
Czech Republic Europe
Denmark Europe
Dhekelia Middle East
Djibouti Africa
Dominica Central America and the Caribbean
Dominican Republic Central America and the Caribbean
East Timor Southeast Asia
Ecuador South America
Egypt Africa
El Salvador Central America and the Caribbean
Equatorial Guinea Africa
Eritrea Africa
Estonia Europe
Ethiopia Africa
Europa Island Africa
European Union Europe
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) South America
Faroe Islands Europe
Fiji Oceania
Finland Europe
France Europe
French Guiana South America
French Polynesia Oceania
French Southern and Antarctic Lands Antarctic Region
Gabon Africa
Gambia, The Africa
Gaza Strip Middle East
Georgia Asia
Germany Europe
Ghana Africa
Gibraltar Europe
Glorioso Islands Africa
Greece Europe
Greenland Arctic Region
Grenada Central America and the Caribbean
Guadeloupe Central America and the Caribbean
Guam Oceania
Guatemala Central America and the Caribbean
Guernsey Europe
Guinea Africa
Guinea-Bissau Africa
Guyana South America
Haiti Central America and the Caribbean
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Antarctic Region
Holy See (Vatican City) Europe
Honduras Central America and the Caribbean
Hong Kong Southeast Asia
Howland Island Oceania
Hungary Europe
Iceland Arctic Region
India Asia
Indian Ocean Political Map of the World
Indonesia Southeast Asia
Iran Middle East
Iraq Middle East
Ireland Europe
Israel Middle East
Italy Europe
Jamaica Central America and the Caribbean
Jan Mayen Arctic Region
Japan Asia
Jarvis Island Oceania
Jersey Europe
Johnston Atoll Oceania
Jordan Middle East
Juan de Nova Island Africa
Kazakhstan Asia
Kenya Africa
Kingman Reef Oceania
Kiribati Oceania
Korea, North Asia
Korea, South Asia
Kuwait Middle East
Kyrgyzstan Asia
Laos Southeast Asia
Latvia Europe
Lebanon Middle East
Lesotho Africa
Liberia Africa
Libya Africa
Liechtenstein Europe
Lithuania Europe
Luxembourg Europe
Macau Southeast Asia
Macedonia Europe
Madagascar Africa
Malawi Africa
Malaysia Southeast Asia
Maldives Asia
Mali Africa
Malta Europe
Man, Isle of Europe
Marshall Islands Oceania
Martinique Central America and the Caribbean
Mauritania Africa
Mauritius Political Map of the World
Mayotte Africa
Mexico North America
Micronesia, Federated States of Oceania
Midway Islands Oceania
Moldova Europe
Monaco Europe
Mongolia Asia
Montserrat Central America and the Caribbean
Morocco Africa
Mozambique Africa
Namibia Africa
Nauru Oceania
Navassa Island Central America and the Caribbean
Nepal Asia
Netherlands Europe
Netherlands Antilles Central America and the Caribbean
New Caledonia Oceania
New Zealand Oceania
Nicaragua Central America and the Caribbean
Niger Africa
Nigeria Africa
Niue Oceania
Norfolk Island Oceania
Northern Mariana Islands Oceania
Norway Europe
Oman Middle East
Pacific Ocean Political Map of the World
Pakistan Asia
Palau Oceania
Palmyra Atoll Oceania
Panama Central America and the Caribbean
Papua New Guinea Oceania
Paracel Islands Southeast Asia
Paraguay South America
Peru South America
Philippines Southeast Asia
Pitcairn Islands Oceania
Poland Europe
Portugal Europe
Puerto Rico Central America and the Caribbean
Qatar Middle East
Reunion World
Romania Europe
Russia Asia
Rwanda Africa
Saint Helena Africa
Saint Kitts and Nevis Central America and the Caribbean
Saint Lucia Central America and the Caribbean
Saint Pierre and Miquelon North America
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Central America and the Caribbean
Samoa Oceania
San Marino Europe
Sao Tome and Principe Africa
Saudi Arabia Middle East
Senegal Africa
Serbia and Montenegro Europe
Seychelles Africa
Sierra Leone Africa
Singapore Southeast Asia
Slovakia Europe
Slovenia Europe
Solomon Islands Oceania
Somalia Africa
South Africa Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Antarctic Region
Southern Ocean Antarctic Region
Spain Europe
Spratly Islands Southeast Asia
Sri Lanka Asia
Sudan Africa
Suriname South America
Svalbard Arctic Region
Swaziland Africa
Sweden Europe
Switzerland Europe
Syria Middle East
Taiwan Southeast Asia
Tajikistan Asia
Tanzania Africa
Thailand Southeast Asia
Togo Africa
Tokelau Oceania
Tonga Oceania
Trinidad and Tobago Central America and the Caribbean
Tromelin Island Africa
Tunisia Africa
Turkey Middle East
Turkmenistan Asia
Turks and Caicos Islands Central America and the Caribbean
Tuvalu Oceania
Uganda Africa
Ukraine Asia, Europe
United Arab Emirates Middle East
United Kingdom Europe
United States North America
Uruguay South America
Uzbekistan Asia
Vanuatu Oceania
Venezuela South America
Vietnam Southeast Asia
Virgin Islands Central America and the Caribbean
Wake Island Oceania
Wallis and Futuna Oceania
West Bank Middle East
Western Sahara Africa
World Physical Map of the World, Political Map of the World, Standard Time Zones of the World
Yemen Middle East
Zambia Africa
Zimbabwe Africa
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2146 Irrigated land (sq km)
Afghanistan 23,860 sq km (1998 est.)
Albania 3,400 sq km (1998 est.)
Algeria 5,600 sq km (1998 est.)
American Samoa NA sq km
Andorra NA sq km
Angola 750 sq km (1998 est.)
Anguilla NA
Antarctica 0 sq km
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina 15,610 sq km (1998 est.)
Armenia 2,870 sq km (1998 est.)
Aruba 0.01 sq km (1998 est.)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Australia 24,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Austria 457 sq km (2000 est.)
Azerbaijan 14,550 sq km (1998 est.)
Bahamas, The NA
Bahrain 50 sq km (1998 est.)
Baker Island 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Bangladesh 38,440 sq km (1998 est.)
Barbados 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Bassas da India 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Belarus 1,150 sq km (1998 est.)
Belgium 40 sq km (includes Luxembourg) (1998 est.)
Belize 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Benin 120 sq km (1998 est.)
Bermuda NA
Bhutan 400 sq km (1998 est.)
Bolivia 1,280 sq km (1998 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 sq km (1998 est.)
Botswana 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Bouvet Island 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Brazil 26,560 sq km (1998 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territory 0 sq km (1998 est.)
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Bulgaria 8,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Burkina Faso 250 sq km (1998 est.)
Burma 15,920 sq km (1998 est.)
Burundi 740 sq km (1998 est.)
Cambodia 2,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Cameroon 330 sq km (1998 est.)
Canada 7,200 sq km (1998 est.)
Cape Verde 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Cayman Islands NA sq km
Central African Republic NA sq km
Chad 200 sq km (1998 est.)
Chile 18,000 sq km (1998 est.)
China 525,800 sq km (1998 est.)
Christmas Island NA sq km
Clipperton Island 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA sq km
Colombia 8,500 sq km (1998 est.)
Comoros NA sq km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 110 sq km (1998 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Cook Islands NA
Coral Sea Islands 0 sq km
Costa Rica 1,260 sq km (1998 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 730 sq km (1998 est.)
Croatia 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Cuba 870 sq km (1998 est.)
Cyprus 382 sq km (2001 est.)
Czech Republic 240 sq km (1998 est.)
Denmark 4,760 sq km (1998 est.)
Djibouti 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Dominica NA sq km
Dominican Republic 2,590 sq km (1998 est.)
East Timor 1,065 sq km (est.)
Ecuador 8,650 sq km (1998 est.)
Egypt 33,000 sq km (1998 est.)
El Salvador 360 sq km (1998 est.)
Equatorial Guinea NA sq km
Eritrea 220 sq km (1998 est.)
Estonia 40 sq km (1998 est.)
Ethiopia 1,900 sq km (1998 est.)
Europa Island 0 sq km (1998 est.)
European Union 115,807 sq km
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA sq km
Faroe Islands 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Fiji 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Finland 640 sq km (1998 est.)
France 20,000 sq km (1998 est.)
French Guiana 20 sq km (1998 est.)
French Polynesia NA sq km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Gabon 150 sq km (1998 est.)
Gambia, The 20 sq km (1998 est.)
Gaza Strip 120 sq km (1998 est.)
Georgia 4,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Germany 4,850 sq km (1998 est.)
Ghana 110 sq km (1998 est.)
Gibraltar NA sq km
Glorioso Islands 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Greece 14,220 sq km (1998 est.)
Greenland NA sq km
Grenada NA sq km
Guadeloupe 20 sq km (1998 est.)
Guam NA
Guatemala 1,250 sq km (1998 est.)
Guernsey NA sq km
Guinea 950 sq km (1998 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 170 sq km (1998 est.)
Guyana 1,500 sq km (1998 est.)
Haiti 750 sq km (1998 est.)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 0 sq km
Holy See (Vatican City) 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Honduras 760 sq km (1998 est.)
Hong Kong 20 sq km (1998 est.)
Howland Island 0 sq km
Hungary 2,100 sq km (1998 est.)
Iceland NA sq km
India 590,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Indonesia 48,150 sq km (1998 est.)
Iran 75,620 sq km (1998 est.)
Iraq 35,250 sq km (1998 est.)
Ireland NA sq km
Israel 1,990 sq km (1998 est.)
Italy 26,980 sq km (1998 est.)
Jamaica 250 sq km (1998 est.)
Jan Mayen 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Japan 26,790 sq km (1998 est.)
Jarvis Island 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Jersey NA sq km
Johnston Atoll 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Jordan 750 sq km (1998 est.)
Juan de Nova Island 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Kazakhstan 23,320 sq km (1998 est.)
Kenya 670 sq km (1998 est.)
Kingman Reef 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Kiribati NA
Korea, North 14,600 sq km (1998 est.)
Korea, South 11,590 sq km (1998 est.)
Kuwait 60 sq km (1998 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 10,740 sq km (1998 est.)
Laos 1,640 sq km note: rainy season irrigation - 2,169 sq km; dry season irrigation - 750 sq km (1998 est.)
Latvia 200 sq km note: land in Latvia is often too wet, and in need of drainage, not irrigation; approximately 16,000 sq km or 85% of agricultural land has been improved by drainage (1998 est.)
Lebanon 1,200 sq km (1998 est.)
Lesotho 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Liberia 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Libya 4,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Liechtenstein NA sq km
Lithuania 90 sq km (1998 est.)
Luxembourg 40 sq km (includes Belgium) (1998 est.)
Macau NA sq km
Macedonia 550 sq km (1998 est.)
Madagascar 10,900 sq km (2000 est.)
Malawi 280 sq km (1998 est.)
Malaysia 3,650 sq km (1998 est.)
Maldives NA sq km
Mali 1,380 sq km (1998 est.)
Malta 20 sq km (1998 est.)
Man, Isle of 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Marshall Islands 0 sq km
Martinique 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Mauritania 490 sq km (1998 est.)
Mauritius 200 sq km (2000 est.)
Mayotte NA sq km
Mexico 65,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of NA
Midway Islands 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Moldova 3,070 sq km (1998 est.)
Monaco NA sq km
Mongolia 840 sq km (1998 est.)
Montserrat NA sq km
Morocco 12,910 sq km (1998 est.)
Mozambique 1,070 sq km (1998 est.)
Namibia 70 sq km (1998 est.)
Nauru NA
Navassa Island 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Nepal 11,350 sq km (1998 est.)
Netherlands 5,650 sq km (1998 est.)
Netherlands Antilles NA sq km
New Caledonia 160 sq km (1991)
New Zealand 2,850 sq km (1998 est.)
Nicaragua 880 sq km (1998 est.)
Niger 660 sq km (1998 est.)
Nigeria 2,330 sq km (1998 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway 1,270 sq km (1998 est.)
Oman 620 sq km (1998 est.)
Pakistan 180,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Palau NA
Palmyra Atoll 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Panama 320 sq km (1998 est.)
Papua New Guinea NA sq km
Paracel Islands 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Paraguay 670 sq km (1998 est.)
Peru 11,950 sq km (1998 est.)
Philippines 15,500 sq km (1998 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 1,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Portugal 6,320 sq km (1998 est.)
Puerto Rico 400 sq km (1998 est.)
Qatar 130 sq km (1998 est.)
Reunion 120 sq km (1998 est.)
Romania 28,800 sq km (1998 est.)
Russia 46,630 sq km (1998 est.)
Rwanda 40 sq km (1998 est.)
Saint Helena NA sq km
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA sq km
Saint Lucia 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA sq km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Samoa NA
San Marino NA sq km
Sao Tome and Principe 100 sq km (1998 est.)
Saudi Arabia 16,200 sq km (1998 est.)
Senegal 710 sq km (1998 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 570 sq km
Seychelles NA sq km
Sierra Leone 290 sq km (1998 est.)
Singapore NA sq km
Slovakia 1,740 sq km (1998 est.)
Slovenia 20 sq km (1998 est.)
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia 2,000 sq km (1998 est.)
South Africa 13,500 sq km (1998 est.)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Spain 36,400 sq km (1998 est.)
Spratly Islands 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Sri Lanka 6,510 sq km (1998 est.)
Sudan 19,500 sq km (1998 est.)
Suriname 490 sq km (1998 est.)
Svalbard NA sq km
Swaziland 690 sq km (1998 est.)
Sweden 1,150 sq km (1998 est.)
Switzerland 250 sq km (1998 est.)
Syria 12,130 sq km (1998 est.)
Taiwan NA sq km
Tajikistan 7,200 sq km (1998 est.)
Tanzania 1,550 sq km (1998 est.)
Thailand 47,490 sq km (1998 est.)
Togo 70 sq km (1998 est.)
Tokelau NA sq km
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Tromelin Island 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Tunisia 3,800 sq km (1998 est.)
Turkey 42,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Turkmenistan 17,500 sq km (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands NA sq km
Tuvalu NA
Uganda 90 sq km (1998 est.)
Ukraine 24,540 sq km (1998 est.)
United Arab Emirates 720 sq km (1998 est.)
United Kingdom 1,080 sq km (1998 est.)
United States 214,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Uruguay 1,800 sq km (1998 est.)
Uzbekistan 42,810 sq km (1998 est.)
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela 540 sq km (1998 est.)
Vietnam 30,000 sq km (1998 est.)
Virgin Islands NA
Wake Island 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA sq km
West Bank NA sq km
Western Sahara NA sq km
World 2,714,320 sq km (1998 est.)
Yemen 4,900 sq km (1998 est.)
Zambia 460 sq km (1998 est.)
Zimbabwe 1,170 sq km (1998 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2147 Area (sq km)
Afghanistan total: 647,500 sq km land: 647,500 sq km water: 0 sq km
Akrotiri total: 123 sq km note: includes a salt lake and wetlands
Albania total: 28,748 sq km land: 27,398 sq km water: 1,350 sq km
Algeria total: 2,381,740 sq km land: 2,381,740 sq km water: 0 sq km
American Samoa total: 199 sq km land: 199 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island
Andorra total: 468 sq km land: 468 sq km water: 0 sq km
Angola total: 1,246,700 sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km water: 0 sq km
Anguilla total: 102 sq km land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km
Antarctica total: 14 million sq km land: 14 million sq km (280,000 sq km ice-free, 13.72 million sq km ice-covered) (est.) note: fifth-largest continent, following Asia, Africa, North America, and South America, but larger than Australia and the subcontinent of Europe
Antigua and Barbuda total: 442.6 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km) land: 442.6 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km
Arctic Ocean total: 14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Argentina total: 2,766,890 sq km land: 2,736,690 sq km water: 30,200 sq km
Armenia total: 29,800 sq km land: 28,400 sq km water: 1,400 sq km
Aruba total: 193 sq km land: 193 sq km water: 0 sq km
Ashmore and Cartier Islands total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Atlantic Ocean total: 76.762 million sq km note: includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, part of the Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Labrador Sea, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, almost all of the Scotia Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Australia total: 7,686,850 sq km land: 7,617,930 sq km water: 68,920 sq km note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island
Austria total: 83,870 sq km land: 82,444 sq km water: 1,426 sq km
Azerbaijan total: 86,600 sq km land: 86,100 sq km water: 500 sq km note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991
Bahamas, The total: 13,940 sq km land: 10,070 sq km water: 3,870 sq km
Bahrain total: 665 sq km land: 665 sq km water: 0 sq km
Baker Island total: 1.4 sq km land: 1.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Bangladesh total: 144,000 sq km land: 133,910 sq km water: 10,090 sq km
Barbados total: 431 sq km land: 431 sq km water: 0 sq km
Bassas da India total: 0.2 sq km land: 0.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Belarus total: 207,600 sq km land: 207,600 sq km water: 0 sq km
Belgium total: 30,528 sq km land: 30,278 sq km water: 250 sq km
Belize total: 22,966 sq km land: 22,806 sq km water: 160 sq km
Benin total: 112,620 sq km land: 110,620 sq km water: 2,000 sq km
Bermuda total: 53.3 sq km land: 53.3 sq km water: 0 sq km
Bhutan total: 47,000 sq km land: 47,000 sq km water: 0 sq km
Bolivia total: 1,098,580 sq km land: 1,084,390 sq km water: 14,190 sq km
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 51,129 sq km land: 51,129 sq km water: 0 sq km
Botswana total: 600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km
Bouvet Island total: 58.5 sq km land: 58.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Brazil total: 8,511,965 sq km land: 8,456,510 sq km water: 55,455 sq km note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo
British Indian Ocean Territory total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago
British Virgin Islands total: 153 sq km land: 153 sq km water: 0 sq km note: comprised of 16 inhabited and more than 20 uninhabited islands; includes the island of Anegada
Brunei total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km
Bulgaria total: 110,910 sq km land: 110,550 sq km water: 360 sq km
Burkina Faso total: 274,200 sq km land: 273,800 sq km water: 400 sq km
Burma total: 678,500 sq km land: 657,740 sq km water: 20,760 sq km
Burundi total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km
Cambodia total: 181,040 sq km land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km
Cameroon total: 475,440 sq km land: 469,440 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
Canada total: 9,984,670 sq km land: 9,093,507 sq km water: 891,163 sq km
Cape Verde total: 4,033 sq km land: 4,033 sq km water: 0 sq km
Cayman Islands total: 262 sq km land: 262 sq km water: 0 sq km
Central African Republic total: 622,984 sq km land: 622,984 sq km water: 0 sq km
Chad total: 1.284 million sq km land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km
Chile total: 756,950 sq km land: 748,800 sq km water: 8,150 sq km note: includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez
China total: 9,596,960 sq km land: 9,326,410 sq km water: 270,550 sq km
Christmas Island total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Clipperton Island total: 6 sq km land: 6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Cocos (Keeling) Islands total: 14 sq km land: 14 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of West Island and Home Island
Colombia total: 1,138,910 sq km land: 1,038,700 sq km water: 100,210 sq km note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank, and Serranilla Bank
Comoros total: 2,170 sq km land: 2,170 sq km water: 0 sq km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 2,345,410 sq km land: 2,267,600 sq km water: 77,810 sq km
Congo, Republic of the total: 342,000 sq km land: 341,500 sq km water: 500 sq km
Cook Islands total: 240 sq km land: 240 sq km water: 0 sq km
Coral Sea Islands total: less than 3 sq km land: less than 3 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km, with the Willis Islets the most important
Costa Rica total: 51,100 sq km land: 50,660 sq km water: 440 sq km note: includes Isla del Coco
Cote d'Ivoire total: 322,460 sq km land: 318,000 sq km water: 4,460 sq km
Croatia total: 56,542 sq km land: 56,414 sq km water: 128 sq km
Cuba total: 110,860 sq km land: 110,860 sq km water: 0 sq km
Cyprus total: 9,250 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus) land: 9,240 sq km water: 10 sq km
Czech Republic total: 78,866 sq km land: 77,276 sq km water: 1,590 sq km
Denmark total: 43,094 sq km land: 42,394 sq km water: 700 sq km note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
Dhekelia total: 130.8 sq km note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves
Djibouti total: 23,000 sq km land: 22,980 sq km water: 20 sq km
Dominica total: 754 sq km land: 754 sq km water: 0 sq km
Dominican Republic total: 48,730 sq km land: 48,380 sq km water: 350 sq km
East Timor total: 15,007 sq km land: NA water: NA
Ecuador total: 283,560 sq km land: 276,840 sq km water: 6,720 sq km note: includes Galapagos Islands
Egypt total: 1,001,450 sq km land: 995,450 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
El Salvador total: 21,040 sq km land: 20,720 sq km water: 320 sq km
Equatorial Guinea total: 28,051 sq km land: 28,051 sq km water: 0 sq km
Eritrea total: 121,320 sq km land: 121,320 sq km water: 0 sq km
Estonia total: 45,226 sq km land: 43,211 sq km water: 2,015 sq km note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea
Ethiopia total: 1,127,127 sq km land: 1,119,683 sq km water: 7,444 sq km
Europa Island total: 28 sq km land: 28 sq km water: 0 sq km
European Union total: 3,976,372 sq km
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Faroe Islands total: 1,399 sq km land: 1,399 sq km water: 0 sq km (some lakes and streams)
Fiji total: 18,270 sq km land: 18,270 sq km water: 0 sq km
Finland total: 338,145 sq km land: 304,473 sq km water: 33,672 sq km
France total: 547,030 sq km land: 545,630 sq km water: 1,400 sq km note: includes only metropolitan France; excludes the overseas administrative divisions
French Guiana total: 91,000 sq km land: 89,150 sq km water: 1,850 sq km
French Polynesia total: 4,167 sq km (118 islands and atolls) land: 3,660 sq km water: 507 sq km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands total: 7,829 sq km land: 7,829 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Gabon total: 267,667 sq km land: 257,667 sq km water: 10,000 sq km
Gambia, The total: 11,300 sq km land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,300 sq km
Gaza Strip total: 360 sq km land: 360 sq km water: 0 sq km
Georgia total: 69,700 sq km land: 69,700 sq km water: 0 sq km
Germany total: 357,021 sq km land: 349,223 sq km water: 7,798 sq km
Ghana total: 239,460 sq km land: 230,940 sq km water: 8,520 sq km
Gibraltar total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Glorioso Islands total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, and South Rock
Greece total: 131,940 sq km land: 130,800 sq km water: 1,140 sq km
Greenland total: 2,166,086 sq km land: 2,166,086 sq km (410,449 sq km ice-free, 1,755,637 sq km ice-covered) (2000 est.)
Grenada total: 344 sq km land: 344 sq km water: 0 sq km
Guadeloupe total: 1,780 sq km land: 1,706 sq km water: 74 sq km note: Guadeloupe is an archipelago of nine inhabited islands, including Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Desirade, Iles des Saintes (2), Saint-Barthelemy, Iles de la Petite Terre, and Saint-Martin (French part of the island of Saint Martin)
Guam total: 549 sq km land: 549 sq km water: 0 sq km
Guatemala total: 108,890 sq km land: 108,430 sq km water: 460 sq km
Guernsey total: 78 sq km land: 78 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands
Guinea total: 245,857 sq km land: 245,857 sq km water: 0 sq km
Guinea-Bissau total: 36,120 sq km land: 28,000 sq km water: 8,120 sq km
Guyana total: 214,970 sq km land: 196,850 sq km water: 18,120 sq km
Haiti total: 27,750 sq km land: 27,560 sq km water: 190 sq km
Heard Island and McDonald Islands total: 412 sq km land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km
Holy See (Vatican City) total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km
Honduras total: 112,090 sq km land: 111,890 sq km water: 200 sq km
Hong Kong total: 1,092 sq km land: 1,042 sq km water: 50 sq km
Howland Island total: 1.6 sq km land: 1.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Hungary total: 93,030 sq km land: 92,340 sq km water: 690 sq km
Iceland total: 103,000 sq km land: 100,250 sq km water: 2,750 sq km
India total: 3,287,590 sq km land: 2,973,190 sq km water: 314,400 sq km
Indian Ocean total: 68.556 million sq km note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Indonesia total: 1,919,440 sq km land: 1,826,440 sq km water: 93,000 sq km
Iran total: 1.648 million sq km land: 1.636 million sq km water: 12,000 sq km
Iraq total: 437,072 sq km land: 432,162 sq km water: 4,910 sq km
Ireland total: 70,280 sq km land: 68,890 sq km water: 1,390 sq km
Israel total: 20,770 sq km land: 20,330 sq km water: 440 sq km
Italy total: 301,230 sq km land: 294,020 sq km water: 7,210 sq km note: includes Sardinia and Sicily
Jamaica total: 10,991 sq km land: 10,831 sq km water: 160 sq km
Jan Mayen total: 373 sq km land: 373 sq km water: 0 sq km
Japan total: 377,835 sq km land: 374,744 sq km water: 3,091 sq km note: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)
Jarvis Island total: 4.5 sq km land: 4.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Jersey total: 116 sq km land: 116 sq km water: 0 sq km
Johnston Atoll total: 2.8 sq km land: 2.8 sq km water: 0 sq km
Jordan total: 92,300 sq km land: 91,971 sq km water: 329 sq km
Juan de Nova Island total: 4.4 sq km land: 4.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Kazakhstan total: 2,717,300 sq km land: 2,669,800 sq km water: 47,500 sq km
Kenya total: 582,650 sq km land: 569,250 sq km water: 13,400 sq km
Kingman Reef total: 1 sq km land: 1 sq km water: 0 sq km
Kiribati total: 811 sq km land: 811 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
Korea, North total: 120,540 sq km land: 120,410 sq km water: 130 sq km
Korea, South total: 98,480 sq km land: 98,190 sq km water: 290 sq km
Kuwait total: 17,820 sq km land: 17,820 sq km water: 0 sq km
Kyrgyzstan total: 198,500 sq km land: 191,300 sq km water: 7,200 sq km
Laos total: 236,800 sq km land: 230,800 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
Latvia total: 64,589 sq km land: 63,589 sq km water: 1,000 sq km
Lebanon total: 10,400 sq km land: 10,230 sq km water: 170 sq km
Lesotho total: 30,355 sq km land: 30,355 sq km water: 0 sq km
Liberia total: 111,370 sq km land: 96,320 sq km water: 15,050 sq km
Libya total: 1,759,540 sq km land: 1,759,540 sq km water: 0 sq km
Liechtenstein total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km
Lithuania total: 65,200 sq km land: NA sq km water: NA sq km
Luxembourg total: 2,586 sq km land: 2,586 sq km water: 0 sq km
Macau total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Macedonia total: 25,333 sq km land: 24,856 sq km water: 477 sq km
Madagascar total: 587,040 sq km land: 581,540 sq km water: 5,500 sq km
Malawi total: 118,480 sq km land: 94,080 sq km water: 24,400 sq km
Malaysia total: 329,750 sq km land: 328,550 sq km water: 1,200 sq km
Maldives total: 300 sq km land: 300 sq km water: 0 sq km
Mali total: 1.24 million sq km land: 1.22 million sq km water: 20,000 sq km
Malta total: 316 sq km land: 316 sq km water: 0 sq km
Man, Isle of total: 572 sq km land: 572 sq km water: 0 sq km
Marshall Islands total: 181.3 sq km land: 181.3 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik
Martinique total: 1,100 sq km land: 1,060 sq km water: 40 sq km
Mauritania total: 1,030,700 sq km land: 1,030,400 sq km water: 300 sq km
Mauritius total: 2,040 sq km land: 2,030 sq km water: 10 sq km note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Mayotte total: 374 sq km land: 374 sq km water: 0 sq km
Mexico total: 1,972,550 sq km land: 1,923,040 sq km water: 49,510 sq km
Micronesia, Federated States of total: 702 sq km land: 702 sq km water: 0 sq km (fresh water only) note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)
Midway Islands total: 6.2 sq km land: 6.2 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Eastern Island, Sand Island, and Spit Island
Moldova total: 33,843 sq km land: 33,371 sq km water: 472 sq km
Monaco total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km
Mongolia total: 1,564,116 sq km
Montserrat total: 102 sq km land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km
Morocco total: 446,550 sq km land: 446,300 sq km water: 250 sq km
Mozambique total: 801,590 sq km land: 784,090 sq km water: 17,500 sq km
Namibia total: 825,418 sq km land: 825,418 sq km water: 0 sq km
Nauru total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km
Navassa Island total: 5.4 sq km land: 5.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Nepal total: 140,800 sq km land: 136,800 sq km water: 4,000 sq km
Netherlands total: 41,526 sq km land: 33,883 sq km water: 7,643 sq km
Netherlands Antilles total: 960 sq km land: 960 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin)
New Caledonia total: 19,060 sq km land: 18,575 sq km water: 485 sq km
New Zealand total: 268,680 sq km land: 268,021 sq km water: NA note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands
Nicaragua total: 129,494 sq km land: 120,254 sq km water: 9,240 sq km
Niger total: 1.267 million sq km land: 1,266,700 sq km water: 300 sq km
Nigeria total: 923,768 sq km land: 910,768 sq km water: 13,000 sq km
Niue total: 260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km
Norfolk Island total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Northern Mariana Islands total: 477 sq km land: 477 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian
Norway total: 324,220 sq km land: 307,860 sq km water: 16,360 sq km
Oman total: 212,460 sq km land: 212,460 sq km water: 0 sq km
Pacific Ocean total: 155.557 million sq km note: includes Bali Sea, Bering Sea, Bering Strait, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Gulf of Tonkin, Philippine Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, South China Sea, Tasman Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Pakistan total: 803,940 sq km land: 778,720 sq km water: 25,220 sq km
Palau total: 458 sq km land: 458 sq km water: 0 sq km
Palmyra Atoll total: 11.9 sq km land: 11.9 sq km water: 0 sq km
Panama total: 78,200 sq km land: 75,990 sq km water: 2,210 sq km
Papua New Guinea total: 462,840 sq km land: 452,860 sq km water: 9,980 sq km
Paracel Islands total: NA sq km land: NA sq km water: 0 sq km
Paraguay total: 406,750 sq km land: 397,300 sq km water: 9,450 sq km
Peru total: 1,285,220 sq km land: 1.28 million sq km water: 5,220 sq km
Philippines total: 300,000 sq km land: 298,170 sq km water: 1,830 sq km
Pitcairn Islands total: 47 sq km land: 47 sq km water: 0 sq km
Poland total: 312,685 sq km land: 304,465 sq km water: 8,220 sq km
Portugal total: 92,391 sq km land: 91,951 sq km water: 440 sq km note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Puerto Rico total: 9,104 sq km land: 8,959 sq km water: 145 sq km
Qatar total: 11,437 sq km land: 11,437 sq km water: 0 sq km
Reunion total: 2,517 sq km land: 2,507 sq km water: 10 sq km
Romania total: 237,500 sq km land: 230,340 sq km water: 7,160 sq km
Russia total: 17,075,200 sq km land: 16,995,800 sq km water: 79,400 sq km
Rwanda total: 26,338 sq km land: 24,948 sq km water: 1,390 sq km
Saint Helena total: 410 sq km land: 410 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Saint Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands
Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 261 sq km (Saint Kitts 168 sq km; Nevis 93 sq km) land: 261 sq km water: 0 sq km
Saint Lucia total: 616 sq km land: 606 sq km water: 10 sq km
Saint Pierre and Miquelon total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 389 sq km (Saint Vincent 344 sq km) land: 389 sq km water: 0 sq km
Samoa total: 2,944 sq km land: 2,934 sq km water: 10 sq km
San Marino total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Sao Tome and Principe total: 1,001 sq km land: 1,001 sq km water: 0 sq km
Saudi Arabia total: 1,960,582 sq km land: 1,960,582 sq km water: 0 sq km
Senegal total: 196,190 sq km land: 192,000 sq km water: 4,190 sq km
Serbia and Montenegro total: 102,350 sq km land: 102,136 sq km water: 214 sq km
Seychelles total: 455 sq km land: 455 sq km water: 0 sq km
Sierra Leone total: 71,740 sq km land: 71,620 sq km water: 120 sq km
Singapore total: 692.7 sq km land: 682.7 sq km water: 10 sq km
Slovakia total: 48,845 sq km land: 48,800 sq km water: 45 sq km
Slovenia total: 20,273 sq km land: 20,151 sq km water: 122 sq km
Solomon Islands total: 28,450 sq km land: 27,540 sq km water: 910 sq km
Somalia total: 637,657 sq km land: 627,337 sq km water: 10,320 sq km
South Africa total: 1,219,912 sq km land: 1,219,912 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Prince Edward Islands (Marion Island and Prince Edward Island)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands
Southern Ocean total: 20.327 million sq km note: includes Amundsen Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, part of the Drake Passage, Ross Sea, a small part of the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Spain total: 504,782 sq km land: 499,542 sq km water: 5,240 sq km note: there are 19 autonomous communities including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera
Spratly Islands total: less than 5 sq km land: less than 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Sri Lanka total: 65,610 sq km land: 64,740 sq km water: 870 sq km
Sudan total: 2,505,810 sq km land: 2.376 million sq km water: 129,810 sq km
Suriname total: 163,270 sq km land: 161,470 sq km water: 1,800 sq km
Svalbard total: 62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Swaziland total: 17,363 sq km land: 17,203 sq km water: 160 sq km
Sweden total: 449,964 sq km land: 410,934 sq km water: 39,030 sq km
Switzerland total: 41,290 sq km land: 39,770 sq km water: 1,520 sq km
Syria total: 185,180 sq km land: 184,050 sq km water: 1,130 sq km note: includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory
Taiwan total: 35,980 sq km land: 32,260 sq km water: 3,720 sq km note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Quemoy
Tajikistan total: 143,100 sq km land: 142,700 sq km water: 400 sq km
Tanzania total: 945,087 sq km land: 886,037 sq km water: 59,050 sq km note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Thailand total: 514,000 sq km land: 511,770 sq km water: 2,230 sq km
Togo total: 56,785 sq km land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km
Tokelau total: 10 sq km land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km
Tonga total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Trinidad and Tobago total: 5,128 sq km land: 5,128 sq km water: 0 sq km
Tromelin Island total: 1 sq km land: 1 sq km water: 0 sq km
Tunisia total: 163,610 sq km land: 155,360 sq km water: 8,250 sq km
Turkey total: 780,580 sq km land: 770,760 sq km water: 9,820 sq km
Turkmenistan total: 488,100 sq km land: 488,100 sq km water: negl.
Turks and Caicos Islands total: 430 sq km land: 430 sq km water: 0 sq km
Tuvalu total: 26 sq km land: 26 sq km water: 0 sq km
Uganda total: 236,040 sq km land: 199,710 sq km water: 36,330 sq km
Ukraine total: 603,700 sq km land: 603,700 sq km water: 0 sq km
United Arab Emirates total: 82,880 sq km land: 82,880 sq km water: 0 sq km
United Kingdom total: 244,820 sq km land: 241,590 sq km water: 3,230 sq km note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands
United States total: 9,631,418 sq km land: 9,161,923 sq km water: 469,495 sq km note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia
Uruguay total: 176,220 sq km land: 173,620 sq km water: 2,600 sq km
Uzbekistan total: 447,400 sq km land: 425,400 sq km water: 22,000 sq km
Vanuatu total: 12,200 sq km land: 12,200 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited
Venezuela total: 912,050 sq km land: 882,050 sq km water: 30,000 sq km
Vietnam total: 329,560 sq km land: 325,360 sq km water: 4,200 sq km
Virgin Islands total: 352 sq km land: 349 sq km water: 3 sq km
Wake Island total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Wallis and Futuna total: 274 sq km land: 274 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Uvea (Wallis Island), Ile Futuna (Futuna Island), Ile Alofi, and 20 islets
West Bank total: 5,860 sq km land: 5,640 sq km water: 220 sq km note: includes West Bank, Latrun Salient, and the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus; East Jerusalem and Jerusalem No Man's Land are also included only as a means of depicting the entire area occupied by Israel in 1967
Western Sahara total: 266,000 sq km land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km
World total: 510.072 million sq km land: 148.94 million sq km water: 361.132 million sq km note: 70.8% of the world's surface is water, 29.2% is land
Yemen total: 527,970 sq km land: 527,970 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)
Zambia total: 752,614 sq km land: 740,724 sq km water: 11,890 sq km
Zimbabwe total: 390,580 sq km land: 386,670 sq km water: 3,910 sq km
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2149 Diplomatic representation in the US
Afghanistan chief of mission: Ambassador Said Tayeb JAWAD chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: 202-483-6410 FAX: 202-483-6488 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Akrotiri none (overseas territory of the UK)
Albania chief of mission: Ambassador Agim NESHO chancery: 2100 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 223-4942 FAX: (202) 628-7342
Algeria chief of mission: Ambassador Amine KHERBI chancery: 2137 Wyoming Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 265-2800 FAX: (202) 667-2174
American Samoa none (territory of the US)
Andorra chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017 telephone: (212) 750-8064 FAX: (212) 750-6630
Angola chief of mission: Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKIDI chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 785-1156 FAX: (202) 785-1258 consulate(s) general: Houston and New York
Anguilla none (overseas territory of the UK)
Antigua and Barbuda chief of mission: Ambassador Lionel A. HURST chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: (202) 362-5122 FAX: (202) 362-5225 consulate(s) general: Miami
Argentina chief of mission: Ambassador Jose Octavio BORDON chancery: 1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 238-6400 FAX: (202) 332-3171 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York
Armenia chief of mission: Ambassador Tatoul MARKARIAN chancery: 2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 319-1976 FAX: (202) 319-2982 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
Aruba none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands); note - Mr. Henry Baarh, Minister Plenipotentiary for Aruba at the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Ashmore and Cartier Islands none (territory of Australia)
Australia chief of mission: Ambassador Michael J. THAWLEY chancery: 1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 797-3000 FAX: (202) 797-3168 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco
Austria chief of mission: Ambassador Eva NOWOTNY chancery: 3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035 telephone: (202) 895-6700 FAX: (202) 895-6750 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Azerbaijan chief of mission: Ambassador Hafiz PASHAYEV chancery: 2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 337-3500 FAX: (202) 337-5911
Bahamas, The chief of mission: Ambassador Joshua SEARS chancery: 2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 319-2660 FAX: (202) 319-2668 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Bahrain chief of mission: Ambassador Nasir al-BALUSHI chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 342-1111 FAX: (202) 362-2192 consulate(s) general: New York
Bangladesh chief of mission: Ambassador Shamsher Mobin CHOWDHURY chancery: 3510 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 244-0183 FAX: (202) 244-5366 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Barbados chief of mission: Ambassador Michael Ian KING chancery: 2144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-9200 FAX: (202) 332-7467 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York consulate(s): Los Angeles
Belarus chief of mission: Ambassador Mikhail KHVOSTOV chancery: 1619 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 986-1604 FAX: (202) 986-1805 consulate(s) general: New York
Belgium chief of mission: Ambassador Franciskus VAN DAELE chancery: 3330 Garfield Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 333-6900 FAX: (202) 333-3079 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Los Angeles, and New York
Belize chief of mission: Ambassador Lisa M. SHOMAN chancery: 2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 332-9636 FAX: (202) 332-6888 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
Benin chief of mission: Ambassador Cyrille Segbe OGUIN chancery: 2124 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 232-6656 FAX: (202) 265-1996
Bermuda none (overseas territory of the UK)
Bhutan none; note - Bhutan has a Permanent Mission to the UN; address: 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone (212) 826-1919; FAX (212) 826-2998; the Bhutanese mission to the UN has consular jurisdiction in the US consulate(s) general: New York
Bolivia chief of mission: Ambassador Jaime APARICIO Otero chancery: 3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 483-4410 FAX: (202) 328-3712 consulate(s) general: Miami, New York, and San Francisco
Bosnia and Herzegovina chief of mission: Ambassador Bisera TURKOVIC chancery: 2109 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: (202) 337-1500 FAX: (202) 337-1502 consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York
Botswana chief of mission: Ambassador Lapologang Caesar LEKOA chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 244-4990 FAX: (202) 244-4164
Brazil chief of mission: Ambassador Roberto ABDENUR chancery: 3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 238-2700 FAX: (202) 238-2827 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
British Indian Ocean Territory none (overseas territory of the UK)
British Virgin Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Brunei chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 237-1838 FAX: (202) 885-0560
Bulgaria chief of mission: Ambassador Elena B. POPTODOROVA chancery: 1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 387-0174 FAX: (202) 234-7973 consulate(s) general: Chicago and New York consulate(s): Los Angeles
Burkina Faso chief of mission: Ambassador Tertius ZONGO chancery: 2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 332-5577 FAX: (202) 667-1882
Burma chief of mission: vacant chancery: 2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 332-9044 FAX: (202) 332-9046 consulate(s) general: New York
Burundi chief of mission: Ambassador Antoine NTAMOBWA chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 342-2574 FAX: (202) 342-2578
Cambodia chief of mission: Ambassador EK SEREYWATH chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: (202) 726-7742 FAX: (202) 726-8381
Cameroon chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 265-8790 FAX: (202) 387-3826
Canada chief of mission: Ambassador Francis Joseph MCKENNA chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001 telephone: (202) 682-1740 FAX: (202) 682-7726 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, Phoenix, San Diego, and Seattle consulate(s): Anchorage, Houston, Philadelphia, Princeton, Raleigh, San Francisco, and San Jose
Cape Verde chief of mission: Ambassador Jose BRITO chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 965-6820 FAX: (202) 965-1207 consulate(s) general: Boston
Cayman Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Central African Republic chief of mission: Ambassador Emmanuel TOUABOY chancery: 1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 483-7800 FAX: (202) 332-9893
Chad chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamat Adam BECHIR chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 462-4009 FAX: (202) 265-1937
Chile chief of mission: Ambassador Andres BIANCHI chancery: 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 785-1746 FAX: (202) 887-5579 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
China chief of mission: Ambassador YANG Jiechi chancery: 2300 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 328-2500 FAX: (202) 328-2582 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco consulate(s): Los Angeles
Christmas Island none (territory of Australia)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands none (territory of Australia)
Colombia chief of mission: Ambassador Luis Alberto MORENO Mejia chancery: 2118 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 387-8338 FAX: (202) 232-8643 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Beverly Hills, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and Washington, DC
Comoros chief of mission: Ambassador Mahmoud M. ABOUD (ambassador to the US and Canada and permanent representative to the UN) chancery: (temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Union of the Comoros to the United Nations, 420 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: (212) 972-8010 and 223-2711 FAX: (212) 983-4712 and 715-0699
Congo, Democratic Republic of the chief of mission: Ambassador Faida MITIFU chancery: 1800 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009: note - Consular Office at 1726 M Street, NW, Wasington, DC, 20036 telephone: (202) 234-7690, 7691 FAX: (202) 234-2609
Congo, Republic of the chief of mission: Ambassador Serge MOMBOULI chancery: 4891 Colorado Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: (202) 726-5500 FAX: (202) 726-1860
Cook Islands none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)
Coral Sea Islands none (territory of Australia)
Costa Rica chief of mission: Ambassador Tomas DUENAS chancery: 2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-2945 FAX: (202) 265-4795 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and Tampa consulate(s): Austin
Cote d'Ivoire chief of mission: Ambassador Daouda DIABATE chancery: 3421 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 797-0300 FAX: (202) 462-9444
Croatia chief of mission: Ambassador Neven JURICA chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 588-5899 FAX: (202) 588-8936 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
Cuba none; note - Cuba has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Dagoberto RODRIGUEZ Barrera; address: Cuban Interests Section, Swiss Embassy, 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone: (202) 797-8518
Cyprus chief of mission: Ambassador Euripides L. EVRIVIADES chancery: 2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 462-5772 FAX: (202) 483-6710 consulate(s) general: New York note: representative of the Turkish Cypriot community in the US is Osman ERTUG; office at 1667 K Street NW, Washington, DC; telephone (202) 887-6198
Czech Republic chief of mission: Ambassador Martin PALOUS chancery: 3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 274-9100 FAX: (202) 966-8540 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Denmark chief of mission: Ambassador Friis PETERSEN chancery: 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-4300 FAX: (202) 328-1470 consulate(s) general: Chicago and New York
Dhekelia none (overseas territory of the UK)
Djibouti chief of mission: Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: (202) 331-0270 FAX: (202) 331-0302
Dominica chief of mission: Ambassador Swinburne LESTRADE chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: (202) 364-6781 FAX: (202) 364-6791 consulate(s) general: New York
Dominican Republic chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Flavio Dario Espinal JACOBO chancery: 1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 332-6280 FAX: (202) 265-8057 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
East Timor chief of mission: Ambassador Jose Luis GUTERRES chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: 202 965-1515 FAX: 202 965-1517 consulate(s) general: New York (the ambassador resides in New York) (2004)
Ecuador chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 234-7200 FAX: (202) 667-3482 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Jersey City (New Jersey), Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco
Egypt chief of mission: Ambassador M. Nabil FAHMY chancery: 3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 895-5400 FAX: (202) 244-4319 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco
El Salvador chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 265-9671 FAX: (202) 234-3834 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, New York (2), San Francisco, and Washington, DC consulate(s): Boston
Equatorial Guinea chief of mission: Ambassador Teodoro Biyogo NSUE chancery: 2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 518-5700 FAX: (202) 518-5252
Eritrea chief of mission: Ambassador GIRMA Asmerom chancery: 1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 319-1991 FAX: (202) 319-1304 consulate(s) general: Oakland (California)
Estonia chief of mission: Ambassador Juri LUIK chancery: 2131 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 588-0101 FAX: (202) 588-0108 consulate(s) general: New York
Ethiopia chief of mission: Ambassador KASSAHUN Ayele chancery: 3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 364-1200 FAX: (202) 686-9551 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles consulate(s): New York
European Union chief of mission: Ambassador John BRUTON chancery: 2300 M Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20037 telephone: (202) 862-9500 FAX: (202) 429-1766
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Faroe Islands none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Fiji chief of mission: Mr. Paula NAVUNISARAVI (Charge D'Affaires ad Interim) chancery: 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 240, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 337-8320 FAX: (202) 337-1996
Finland chief of mission: Ambassador Jukka Robert VALTASAARI chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 298-5800 FAX: (202) 298-6030 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
France chief of mission: Ambassador Jean-David LEVITTE chancery: 4101 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 944-6000 FAX: (202) 944-6166 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco
French Guiana none (overseas department of France)
French Polynesia none (overseas lands of France)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands none (overseas territory of France)
Gabon chief of mission: Ambassador Jules Marius OGOUEBANDJA chancery: Suite 200, 2034 20th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 797-1000 FAX: (202) 332-0668 consulate(s): New York
Gambia, The chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: Suite 905, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: (202) 785-1379 FAX: (202) 785-1430
Georgia chief of mission: Ambassador Levan MIKELADZE chancery: Suite 602, 1101 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: (202) 387-4537 FAX: (202) 393-4537
Germany chief of mission: Ambassador Wolfgang Friedrich ISCHINGER chancery: 4645 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 298-8140 FAX: (202) 298-4249 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco
Ghana chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 686-4520 FAX: (202) 686-4527 consulate(s) general: New York
Gibraltar none (overseas territory of the UK)
Glorioso Islands none (possession of France)
Greece chief of mission: Ambassador Yeoryios SAVVAIDIS chancery: 2221 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-1300 FAX: (202) 939-1324 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Tampa consulate(s): Atlanta, Houston, and New Orleans
Greenland none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Grenada chief of mission: Ambassador Denis G. ANTOINE chancery: 1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 265-2561 FAX: (202) 265-2468 consulate(s) general: New York
Guadeloupe none (overseas department of France)
Guam none (territory of the US)
Guatemala chief of mission: Ambassador Guillermo CASTILLO chancery: 2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 745-4952 FAX: (202) 745-1908 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
Guernsey none (British crown dependency)
Guinea chief of mission: Ambassador Rafiou Alpha Oumar BARRY chancery: 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 986-4300 FAX: (202) 478-3010
Guinea-Bissau chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Henrique Adriano DA SILVA chancery: 1511 K Street NW, Suite 519, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: (202) 347-3950 FAX: (202) 347-3954
Guyana chief of mission: Ambassador Bayney KARRAN chancery: 2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 265-6900 FAX: (202) 232-1297 consulate(s) general: New York
Haiti chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Raymond JOSEPH (as of November 2004) chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 332-4090 FAX: (202) 745-7215 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands none (territory of Australia)
Holy See (Vatican City) chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 333-7121 FAX: (202) 337-4036
Honduras chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 966-7702 FAX: (202) 966-9751 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco honorary consulate(s): Boston, Detroit, Jacksonville
Hong Kong none (special administrative region of China)
Hungary chief of mission: Ambassador Andras SIMONYI chancery: 3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 362-6730 FAX: (202) 966-8135 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Iceland chief of mission: Ambassador Helgi AGUSTSSON chancery: Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1704 telephone: (202) 265-6653 FAX: (202) 265-6656 consulate(s) general: New York
India chief of mission: Ambassador Ranendra SEN chancery: 2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; note - Consular Wing located at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-7000 FAX: (202) 265-4351 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco
Indonesia chief of mission: Ambassador SOEMADI Brotodiningrat chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 775-5200 FAX: (202) 775-5365 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco
Iran none; note - Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Pakistani Embassy, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007; telephone: (202) 965-4990; FAX (202) 965-1073
Iraq chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Rend Rahim FRANCKE chancery: 1801 P Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 telephone: (202) 483-7500 FAX: (202) 462-5066
Ireland chief of mission: Ambassador Noel FAHEY chancery: 2234 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 462-3939 FAX: (202) 232-5993 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, New York, and San Francisco
Israel chief of mission: Ambassador Daniel AYALON chancery: 3514 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 364-5578 FAX: (202) 364-5560 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco
Italy chief of mission: Ambassador Giovanni CASTELLANETA chancery: 3000 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 612-4400 FAX: (202) 518-2151 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and San Francisco consulate(s): Detroit and San Francisco
Jamaica chief of mission: Ambassador Gordon SHIRLEY chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 452-0660 FAX: (202) 452-0081 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Japan chief of mission: Ambassador Ryozo KATO chancery: 2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 238-6700 FAX: (202) 328-2187 consulate(s) general: Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Agana (Guam), Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Portland (Oregon), San Francisco, and Seattle consulate(s): Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands)
Jersey none (British crown dependency)
Jordan chief of mission: Ambassador Karim Tawfiq KAWAR chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 966-2664 FAX: (202) 966-3110
Juan de Nova Island none (possession of France)
Kazakhstan chief of mission: Ambassador Kanat B. SAUDABAYEV chancery: 1401 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 232-5488 FAX: (202) 232-5845 consulate(s): New York
Kenya chief of mission: Ambassador Leonard NGAITHE chancery: 2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 387-6101 FAX: (202) 462-3829 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
Kiribati Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu
Korea, North none; North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York
Korea, South chief of mission: Ambassador Lee Tae-sik (designated) chancery: 2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-5600 FAX: (202) 387-0205 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle consulate(s): Agana (Guam) and New York
Kuwait chief of mission: Ambassador SALIM Abdallah al-Jabir al-Sabah chancery: 2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 966-0702 FAX: (202) 364-2868
Kyrgyzstan chief of mission: Ambassador Zamira SYDYKOVA chancery: 1732 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 338-5141 FAX: (202) 338-5139 consulate(s): New York
Laos chief of mission: Ambassador PHANTHONG Phommahaxay chancery: 2222 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 332-6416 FAX: (202) 332-4923
Latvia chief of mission: Ambassador Maris RIEKSTINS chancery: 4325 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: (202) 726-8213, 8214 FAX: (202) 726-6785
Lebanon chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Farid ABBOUD chancery: 2560 28th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-6300 FAX: (202) 939-6324 consulate(s) general: Detroit, New York, and Los Angeles
Lesotho chief of mission: Ambassador Molelekeng E. RAPOLAKI chancery: 2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 797-5533 through 5536 FAX: (202) 234-6815
Liberia chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Aaron B. KOLLIE chancery: 5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: (202) 723-0437 FAX: (202) 723-0436 consulate(s) general: New York
Libya Libya does not have an embassy in the US but maintains an interest section under the protective power of the United Arab Emirates Embassy in the US
Liechtenstein chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: (202) 216-0460 FAX: (202) 216-0459
Lithuania chief of mission: Ambassador Vygaudas USACKAS chancery: 2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 234-5860 FAX: (202) 328-0466 consulate(s) general: Chicago and New York
Luxembourg chief of mission: Ambassador Arlette CONZEMIUS-PACCOURD chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 265-4171 FAX: (202) 328-8270 consulate(s) general: New York and San Francisco
Macau none (special administrative region of China)
Macedonia chief of mission: Ambassador Nikola DIMITROV chancery: Suite 302, 1101 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 337-3063 FAX: (202) 337-3093 consulate(s) general: Southfield (Michigan)
Madagascar chief of mission: Ambassador Rajaonarivony NARISOA chancery: 2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 265-5525, 5526 FAX: (202) 483-7603 consulate(s) general: New York
Malawi chief of mission: Ambassador Bernard Herbert SANDE chancery: 1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 320, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: (202) 721-0270 FAX: (202) 721-0288
Malaysia chief of mission: Ambassador GHAZZALI bin Sheikh Abdul Khalid chancery: 3516 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 572-9700 FAX: (202) 572-9882 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Maldives chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Mohamed LATHEEF chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400E, New York, NY 10017 telephone: (212) 599-6195
Mali chief of mission: Ambassador Abdoulaye DIOP chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 332-2249, 939-8950 FAX: (202) 332-6603
Malta chief of mission: Ambassador John LOWELL chancery: 2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 462-3611, 3612 FAX: (202) 387-5470 consulate(s): New York
Man, Isle of none (British crown dependency)
Marshall Islands chief of mission: Ambassador Banny DE BRUM chancery: 2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-5414 FAX: (202) 232-3236 consulate(s) general: Honolulu
Martinique none (overseas department of France)
Mauritania chief of mission: Ambassador Tijani Ould KERIM chancery: 2129 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 232-5700, 5701 FAX: (202) 319-2623
Mauritius chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 244-1491, 1492 FAX: (202) 966-0983
Mayotte none (territorial collectivity of France)
Mexico chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Carlos Alberto de ICAZA Gonzalez chancery: 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: (202) 728-1600 FAX: (202) 728-1698 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso, Houston, Laredo (Texas), Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Nogales (Arizona), Phoenix, Sacramento, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, San Juan (Puerto Rico) consulate(s): Albuquerque, Brownsville (Texas), Calexico (California), Corpus Christi (Texas), Del Rio (Texas), Detroit, Douglas (Arizona), Eagle Pass (Texas), Fresno (California), Indianapolis (Indiana), Kansas City (Missouri), Las Vegas, McAllen (Texas), Midland (Texas), Omaha, Orlando, Oxnard (California), Philadelphia, Portland (Oregon), Presidio (Texas), Raleigh, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino, Santa Ana (California), Seattle, Tucson, Yuma (Arizona)
Micronesia, Federated States of chief of mission: Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU chancery: 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 223-4383 FAX: (202) 223-4391 consulate(s) general: Honolulu and Tamuning (Guam)
Moldova chief of mission: Ambassador Mihail MANOLI chancery: 2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 667-1130 FAX: (202) 667-1204
Monaco Monaco does not have an embassy in the US consulate(s) general: New York
Mongolia chief of mission: Ambassador Ravdangiyn BOLD chancery: 2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 333-7117 FAX: (202) 298-9227 consulate(s) general: New York
Montserrat none (overseas territory of the UK)
Morocco chief of mission: Ambassador Aziz MEKOUAR chancery: 1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 462-7979 through 7982 FAX: (202) 265-0161 consulate(s) general: New York
Mozambique chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 293-7146 FAX: (202) 835-0245
Namibia chief of mission: Ambassador Leonard Nangolo IIPUMBU chancery: 1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 986-0540 FAX: (202) 986-0443
Nauru Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074 consulate(s): Agana (Guam)
Nepal chief of mission: Ambassador Kedar Bhakta SHRESTHA chancery: 2131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 667-4550 FAX: (202) 667-5534 consulate(s) general: New York
Netherlands chief of mission: Ambassador Boudewijn J. VAN EENENNAAM chancery: 4200 Linnean Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 244-5300 FAX: (202) 362-3430 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York consulate(s): Boston
Netherlands Antilles none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
New Caledonia none (overseas territory of France)
New Zealand chief of mission: Ambassador L. John WOOD chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 328-4800 FAX: (202) 667-5227 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Nicaragua chief of mission: Ambassador Salvador STADTHAGEN (since 5 December 2003) chancery: 1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 939-6570, (202) 939-6573 FAX: (202) 939-6545 consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco
Niger chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph DIATTA chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 483-4224 through 4227 FAX: (202)483-3169
Nigeria chief of mission: Ambassador Professor George A. OBIOZOR chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 986-8400 FAX: (202) 775-1385 consulate(s) general: Atlanta and New York
Niue none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Norfolk Island none (territory of Australia)
Norway chief of mission: Ambassador Knut VOLLEBAEK chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 333-6000 FAX: (202) 337-0870 consulate(s) general: Houston, Minneapolis, New York, and San Francisco
Oman chief of mission: Ambassador Muhammad bin Ali bin Thani al-KHUSSAIBY chancery: 2535 Belmont Road, NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 387-1980 through 1981, 1988 FAX: (202) 745-4933
Pakistan chief of mission: Ambassador Jehangir KARAMAT chancery: 3517 International Court, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 243-3277 FAX: (202) 686-1534 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York, Sunnyvale (California) consulate(s): Chicago, Houston
Palau chief of mission: Ambassador Hersey KYOTA chancery: 1800 K Street NW, Suite 714, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: (202) 452-6814 FAX: (202) 452-6281 consulate(s): Tamuning (Guam)
Panama chief of mission: Ambassador Federico HUMBERT Arias chancery: 2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 483-1407 FAX: (202) 483-8416 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), Tampa
Papua New Guinea chief of mission: Ambassador Evan Jeremy PAKI chancery: 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 745-3680 FAX: (202) 745-3679
Paraguay chief of mission: Ambassador James SPALDING Hellmers chancery: 2400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 483-6960 through 6962 FAX: (202) 234-4508 consulate(s) general: Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, New York
Peru chief of mission: Ambassador Eduardo FERRERO Costa chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 833-9860 through 9869 FAX: (202) 659-8124 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Denver, Hartford, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, Washington, DC
Philippines chief of mission: Ambassador Albert DEL ROSARIO chancery: 1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 467-9300 FAX: (202) 328-7614 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, San Jose (Northern Mariana Islands), Tamuning (Guam)
Pitcairn Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Poland chief of mission: Ambassador Przemyslaw GRUDZINSKI chancery: 2640 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 234-3800 through 3802 FAX: (202) 328-6270 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Portugal chief of mission: Ambassador Pedro Manuel Dos Reis Alves CATARINO chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 328-8610 FAX: (202) 462-3726 consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco consulate(s): New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)
Puerto Rico none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Qatar chief of mission: Ambassador Nasir bin Hamad bin Mubarak al-KHALIFA chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: (202) 274-1600 and 274-1603 FAX: (202) 237-0061 consulate(s) general: Houston
Reunion none (overseas department of France)
Romania chief of mission: Ambassador Sorin Dumitru DUCARU chancery: 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851 FAX: (202) 232-4748 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Russia chief of mission: Ambassador Yuriy Viktorovich USHAKOV chancery: 2650 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 298-5700, 5701, 5704, 5708 FAX: (202) 298-5735 consulate(s) general: Houston, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle
Rwanda chief of mission: Ambassador Zac NSENGA chancery: 1714 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 232-2882 FAX: (202) 232-4544
Saint Helena none (overseas territory of the UK)
Saint Kitts and Nevis chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Izben Cordinal WILLIAMS chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: (202) 686-2636 FAX: (202) 686-5740 consulate(s) general: New York
Saint Lucia chief of mission: Ambassador Sonia Merlyn JOHNNY chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: (202) 364-6792 through 6795 FAX: (202) 364-6723 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Saint Pierre and Miquelon none (territorial collectivity of France)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines chief of mission: Ambassador Ellsworth I. A. JOHN chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: (202) 364-6730 FAX: (202) 364-6736 consulate(s) general: New York
Samoa chief of mission: Ambassador Aliioaiga Feturi ELISAIA chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017 telephone: (212) 599-6196, 6197 FAX: (212) 599-0797
San Marino San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, telephone (212) 317-0580
Saudi Arabia chief of mission: Ambassador Turki al-Faysal bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud chancery: 601 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: (202) 342-3800 consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, and New York
Senegal chief of mission: Ambassador Amadou Lamine BA chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-0540 FAX: (202) 332-6315 consulate(s) general: New York
Serbia and Montenegro chief of mission: Ambassador Ivan VUJACIC chancery: 2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 332-0333 FAX: (202) 332-3933 consulate(s) general: Chicago
Seychelles chief of mission: Ambassador Claude Sylvestre MOREL chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017 telephone: (212) 972-1785 FAX: (212) 972-1786
Sierra Leone chief of mission: Ambassador Ibrahim M. KAMARA chancery: 1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 939-9261 through 9263 FAX: (202) 483-1793
Singapore chief of mission: Ambassador CHAN Heng Chee chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 537-3100 FAX: (202) 537-0876 consulate(s) general: San Francisco consulate(s): New York
Slovakia chief of mission: Ambassador Rastislav KACER chancery: 3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 237-1054 FAX: (202) 237-6438 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Slovenia chief of mission: Ambassador Samuel ZBOGAR chancery: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 667-5363 FAX: (202) 667-4563 consulate(s) general: New York and Cleveland
Solomon Islands chief of mission: Ambassador Collin David BECK chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400L, New York, NY 10017 telephone: (212) 599-6192, 6193 FAX: (212) 661-8925
Somalia Somalia does not have an embassy in the US (ceased operations on 8 May 1991); note - the TNG and other factions have representatives in Washington and at the United Nations
South Africa chief of mission: Ambassador Barbara Joyce Mosima MASEKELA chancery: 3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 232-4400 FAX: (202) 265-1607 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Spain chief of mission: Ambassador Carlos WESTENDORP chancery: 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: (202) 452-0100, 728-2340 FAX: (202) 833-5670 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Sri Lanka chief of mission: Ambassador Bernard GOONETILLEKE chancery: 2148 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 483-4025 (through 4028) FAX: (202) 232-7181 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles consulate(s): New York
Sudan chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires, Ad Interim Khidir Haroun AHMED (since April 2001) chancery: 2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 338-8565 FAX: (202) 667-2406
Suriname chief of mission: Ambassador Henry Lothar ILLES chancery: Suite 460, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 244-7488 FAX: (202) 244-5878 consulate(s) general: Miami
Swaziland chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Madzandza KANYA chancery: 1712 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 234-5002 FAX: (202) 234-8254
Sweden chief of mission: Ambassador Jan ELIASSON chancery: 1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702 telephone: (202) 467-2600 FAX: (202) 467-2699 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Switzerland chief of mission: Ambassador Christian BLICKENSTORFER chancery: 2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 745-7900 FAX: (202) 387-2564 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco consulate(s): Boston
Syria chief of mission: Ambassador Imad MUSTAFA chancery: 2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 232-6313 FAX: (202) 234-9548
Taiwan none; unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of the US are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) in the US with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington and 12 other US cities
Tajikistan chief of mission: Ambassador Hamrohon ZARIPOV chancery: 1725 K Street NW, Suite 409, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: (202) 223-6090 FAX: (202) 223-6091
Tanzania chief of mission: Ambassador Andrew Mhando DARAJA chancery: 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-6125 FAX: (202) 797-7408
Thailand chief of mission: KASIT Piromya chancery: 1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 401, Washington, DC 20007-3681 telephone: (202) 944-3600 FAX: (202) 944-3611 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Togo chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-4212 FAX: (202) 232-3190
Tokelau none (territory of New Zealand)
Tonga chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: (917) 369-1025 FAX: (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Trinidad and Tobago chief of mission: Ambassador Marina Annette VALERE chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 467-6490 FAX: (202) 785-3130 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Tunisia chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamed Nejib HACHANA chancery: 1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: (202) 862-1850 FAX: (202) 862-1858
Turkey chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Osman Faruk LOGOGLU chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 612-6700 FAX: (202) 612-6744 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York
Turkmenistan chief of mission: Ambassador Mered Bairamovich ORAZOV chancery: 2207 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 588-1500 FAX: (202) 588-0697
Turks and Caicos Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Tuvalu Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US - the country's only diplomatic post is in Fiji - Tuvalu does, however, have a UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, New York 10017, telephone: (212) 490-0534
Uganda chief of mission: Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416 FAX: (202) 726-1727
Ukraine chief of mission: Ambassador Mykhailo B. REZNIK chancery: 3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 349-2920 FAX: (202) 333-0817 consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York, San Francisco
United Arab Emirates chief of mission: Ambassador Asri Said Ahmad al-DHAHIRI chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 243-2400 FAX: (202) 243-2432 note: consulates in New York and Houston
United Kingdom chief of mission: Ambassador David G. MANNING chancery: 3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 588-6500 FAX: (202) 588-7870 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco consulate(s): Dallas, Denver, Miami, and Seattle
Uruguay chief of mission: Ambassador Carlos GIANELLI Derois chancery: 1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: (202) 331-1313 through 1316 FAX: (202) 331-8142 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York consulate(s): San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Uzbekistan chief of mission: Ambassador Abdulaziz KAMILOV chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 293-6803 FAX: (202) 293-6804 consulate(s) general: New York
Vanuatu Vanuatu does not have an embassy in the US; it does, however, have a Permanent Mission to the UN
Venezuela chief of mission: Ambassador Bernardo ALVAREZ Herrera chancery: 1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: (202) 342-2214 FAX: (202) 342-6820 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Vietnam chief of mission: Ambassador Nguyen Tam CHIEN chancery: 1233 20th Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 861-0737 FAX: (202) 861-0917 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Virgin Islands none (territory of the US)
Wallis and Futuna none (overseas territory of France)
Western Sahara none
Yemen chief of mission: Ambassador Abd al-Wahab Abdallah al-HAJRI chancery: Suite 705, 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: (202) 965-4760 FAX: (202) 337-2017
Zambia chief of mission: Ambassador Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA chancery: 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 265-9717 through 9719 FAX: (202) 332-0826
Zimbabwe chief of mission: Ambassador Simbi Veke MUBAKO chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: (202) 332-7100 FAX: (202) 483-9326
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2150 Telephones - main lines in use
Afghanistan 33,100 (2002)
Albania 255,000 (2003)
Algeria 2,199,600 (2003)
American Samoa 15,000 (2001)
Andorra 35,000 (2001)
Angola 96,300 (2003)
Anguilla 6,200 (2002)
Antarctica 0 note: information for US bases only (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda 38,000 (2002)
Argentina 8,009,400 (2002)
Armenia 562,600 (2003)
Aruba 37,100 (2002)
Australia 10.815 million (2003)
Austria 3.881 million (2003)
Azerbaijan 923,800 (2002)
Bahamas, The 131,700 (2003)
Bahrain 185,800 (2003)
Bangladesh 740,000 (2003)
Barbados 134,000 (2003)
Belarus 3,071,300 (2003)
Belgium 5,120,400 (2002)
Belize 33,300 (2003)
Benin 66,500 (2003)
Bermuda 56,000 (2002)
Bhutan 25,200 (2003)
Bolivia 600,100 (2003)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 938,000 (2003)
Botswana 142,400 (2002)
Brazil 38.81 million (2002)
British Indian Ocean Territory NA
British Virgin Islands 11,700 (2002)
Brunei 90,000 (2002)
Bulgaria 2,868,200 (2002)
Burkina Faso 65,400 (2003)
Burma 357,300 (2003)
Burundi 23,900 (2003)
Cambodia 35,400 (2002)
Cameroon 110,900 (2002)
Canada 19,950,900 (2003)
Cape Verde 71,700 (2003)
Cayman Islands 38,000 (2002)
Central African Republic 9,000 (2002)
Chad 11,800 (2002)
Chile 3.467 million (2002)
China 263 million (2003)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 287 (1992)
Colombia 8,768,100 (2003)
Comoros 13,200 (2003)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 10,000 (2002)
Congo, Republic of the 7,000 (2003)
Cook Islands 6,200 (2002)
Costa Rica 1.132 million (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 328,000 (2003)
Croatia 1.825 million (2002)
Cuba 574,400 (2002)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 427,400 (2002); north Cyprus: 86,228 (2002)
Czech Republic 3.626 million (2003)
Denmark 3,610,100 (2003)
Djibouti 9,500 (2003)
Dominica 23,700 (2002)
Dominican Republic 901,800 (2003)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 1.549 million (2003)
Egypt 9.6 million (2005)
El Salvador 752,600 (2003)
Equatorial Guinea 9,600 (2003)
Eritrea 38,100 (2003)
Estonia 475,000 (2002)
Ethiopia 435,000 (2003)
European Union 238,763,162 (2002)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 2,400 (2002)
Faroe Islands 23,000 (2002)
Fiji 102,000 (2003)
Finland 2.548 million (2003)
France 33,905,400 (2003)
French Guiana 51,000 (2001)
French Polynesia 52,500 (2002)
Gabon 38,400 (2003)
Gambia, The 38,400 (2002)
Gaza Strip 95,729 (total for Gaza Strip and West Bank) (1997)
Georgia 650,500 (2003)
Germany 54.35 million (2003)
Ghana 302,300 (2003)
Gibraltar 24,512 (2002)
Greece 5,205,100 (2003)
Greenland 26,000 (2001)
Grenada 33,500 (2002)
Guadeloupe 210,000 (2001)
Guam 84,134 (2001)
Guatemala 846,000 (2002)
Guernsey 55,000 (2001)
Guinea 26,200 (2003)
Guinea-Bissau 10,600 (2003)
Guyana 80,400 (2002)
Haiti 130,000 (2002)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras 322,500 (2002)
Hong Kong 3,801,300 (2003)
Hungary 3,666,400 (2002)
Iceland 190,700 (2003)
India 48.917 million (2003)
Indonesia 7.75 million (2002)
Iran 14,571,100 (2003)
Iraq 675,000; note - an unknown number of telephone lines were damaged or destroyed during the March-April 2003 war (2003)
Ireland 1.955 million (2003)
Israel 3.006 million (2002)
Italy 26.596 million (2003)
Jamaica 444,400 (2002)
Japan 71.149 million (2002)
Jersey 73,900 (2001)
Jordan 622,600 (2003)
Kazakhstan 2,081,900 (2002)
Kenya 328,400 (2003)
Kiribati 4,500 (2002)
Korea, North 1.1 million (2001)
Korea, South 22.877 million (2003)
Kuwait 486,900 (2003)
Kyrgyzstan 394,800 (2002)
Laos 61,900 (2002)
Latvia 653,900 (2003)
Lebanon 678,800 (2002)
Lesotho 28,600 (2002)
Liberia 7,000 (2001)
Libya 750,000 (2003)
Liechtenstein 19,900 (2002)
Lithuania 824,200 (2003)
Luxembourg 355,400 (2002)
Macau 174,600 (2003)
Macedonia 560,000 (2002)
Madagascar 59,600 (2003)
Malawi 85,000 (2003)
Malaysia 4,571,600 (2003)
Maldives 28,700 (2002)
Mali 56,600 (2002)
Malta 208,300 (2003)
Man, Isle of 51,000 (1999)
Marshall Islands 4,500 (2003)
Martinique 172,000 est (2001)
Mauritania 31,500 (2002)
Mauritius 348,200 (2003)
Mayotte 10,000 (2001)
Mexico 15,958,700 (2003)
Micronesia, Federated States of 10,100 (2001)
Moldova 706,900 (2002)
Monaco 33,700 (2002)
Mongolia 142,300 (2004)
Montserrat NA
Morocco 1,219,200 (2003)
Mozambique 83,700 (2002)
Namibia 127,400 (2003)
Nauru 1,900 (2002)
Nepal 371,800 (2003)
Netherlands 10.004 million (2002)
Netherlands Antilles 81,000 (2001)
New Caledonia 52,000 (2002)
New Zealand 1.765 million (2002)
Nicaragua 171,600 (2002)
Niger 22,400 (2002)
Nigeria 853,100 (2003)
Niue 1,100 est (2002)
Norfolk Island 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004)
Northern Mariana Islands 21,000 (2000)
Norway 3.343 million (2002)
Oman 233,900 (2002)
Pakistan 3,982,800 (2003)
Palau 6,700 (2002)
Panama 386,900 (2002)
Papua New Guinea 62,000 (2002)
Paraguay 273,200 (2002)
Peru 1,839,200 (2003)
Philippines 3,310,900 (2002)
Pitcairn Islands 1 (there are 17 telephones on one party line); (2004)
Poland 12.3 million (2003)
Portugal 4,278,800 (2003)
Puerto Rico 1,329,500 (2002)
Qatar 184,500 (2003)
Reunion 300,000 est (2001)
Romania 4.3 million (2003)
Russia 35.5 million (2002)
Rwanda 23,200 (2002)
Saint Helena 2,200 (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 23,500 (2002)
Saint Lucia 51,100 (2002)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4,800 (2002)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27,300 (2002)
Samoa 11,800 (2002)
San Marino 20,600 (2002)
Sao Tome and Principe 7,000 (2003)
Saudi Arabia 3,502,600 (2003)
Senegal 228,800 (2003)
Serbia and Montenegro 2,611,700 (2003)
Seychelles 21,700 (2002)
Sierra Leone 24,000 (2002)
Singapore 1,896,100 (2004)
Slovakia 1,294,700 (2003)
Slovenia 812,300 (2003)
Solomon Islands 6,600 (2002)
Somalia 100,000 (2002 est.)
South Africa 4.844 million (2002)
Spain 17,567,500 (2003)
Sri Lanka 881,400 (2002)
Sudan 900,000 (2003)
Suriname 79,800 (2003)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland 46,200 (2003)
Sweden 6,579,200 (2002)
Switzerland 5.419 million (2002)
Syria 2,099,300 (2002)
Taiwan 13.355 million (2003)
Tajikistan 242,100 (2003)
Tanzania 149,100 (2003)
Thailand 6,617,400 (2003)
Togo 60,600 (2003)
Tokelau 300 (2002)
Tonga 11,200 (2002)
Trinidad and Tobago 325,100 (2002)
Tunisia 1,163,800 (2003)
Turkey 18,916,700 (2003)
Turkmenistan 374,000 (2002)
Turks and Caicos Islands 5,700 (2002)
Tuvalu 700 (2002)
Uganda 61,000 (2003)
Ukraine 10,833,300 (2002)
United Arab Emirates 1,135,800 (2003)
United Kingdom 34.898 million (2002)
United States 181,599,900 (2003)
Uruguay 946,500 (2002)
Uzbekistan 1,717,100 (2003)
Vanuatu 6,500 (2003)
Venezuela 2,841,800 (2002)
Vietnam 4.402 million (2003)
Virgin Islands 69,400 (2002)
Wallis and Futuna 1,900 (2002)
West Bank 301,600 (total for West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2002)
Western Sahara about 2,000 (1999 est.)
World 843,923,500 (2003)
Yemen 542,200 (2002)
Zambia 88,400 (2003)
Zimbabwe 300,900 (2003)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2151 Telephones - mobile cellular
Afghanistan 15,000 (2002)
Albania 1.1 million (2003)
Algeria 1,447,310 (2003)
American Samoa 2,377 (1999)
Andorra 23,500 (2001)
Angola 130,000 (2002)
Anguilla 1,800 (2002)
Antarctica NA
Antigua and Barbuda 38,200 (2002)
Argentina 6.5 million (2002)
Armenia 114,400 (2003)
Aruba 53,000 (2001)
Australia 14.347 million (2003)
Austria 7,094,500 (2003)
Azerbaijan 870,000 (2002)
Bahamas, The 121,800 (2002)
Bahrain 443,100 (2003)
Bangladesh 1.365 million (2003)
Barbados 140,000 (2003)
Belarus 1.118 million (2003)
Belgium 8,135,500 (2002)
Belize 60,400 (2003)
Benin 236,200 (2003)
Bermuda 37,873 (2003)
Bhutan 22,000 (2005)
Bolivia 1,401,500 (2003)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.05 million (2003)
Botswana 435,000 (2002)
Brazil 46,373,300 (2003)
British Virgin Islands 8,000 (2002)
Brunei 137,000 (2002)
Bulgaria 2,597,500 (2002)
Burkina Faso 227,000 (2003)
Burma 66,500 (2003)
Burundi 64,000 (2003)
Cambodia 380,000 (2002)
Cameroon 1.077 million (2003)
Canada 13,221,800 (2003)
Cape Verde 53,300 (2003)
Cayman Islands 17,000 (2002)
Central African Republic 13,000 (2003)
Chad 65,000 (2003)
Chile 6,445,700 (2002)
China 269 million (2003)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands note - analog cellular service available
Colombia 6,186,200 (2003)
Comoros 2,000 (2003)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1 million (2003)
Congo, Republic of the 330,000 (2003)
Cook Islands 1,500 (2002)
Costa Rica 528,047 (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 1.236 million (2003)
Croatia 2.553 million (2003)
Cuba 17,900 (2002)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 417,900 (2002); north Cyprus: 143,178 (2002)
Czech Republic 9,708,700 (2003)
Denmark 4,785,300 (2003)
Djibouti 23,000 (2003)
Dominica 9,400 (2002)
Dominican Republic 2,120,400 (2003)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 2,394,400 (2003)
Egypt 8,583,940 (2005)
El Salvador 1,149,800 (2003)
Equatorial Guinea 41,500 (2003)
Eritrea NA
Estonia 881,000 (2002)
Ethiopia 97,800 (2003)
European Union 314,644,700 (2002)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 (2001)
Faroe Islands 30,700 (2002)
Fiji 109,900 (2003)
Finland 4.7 million (2003)
France 41,683,100 (2003)
French Guiana 138,200 (2002)
French Polynesia 90,000 (2002)
Gabon 300,000 (2003)
Gambia, The 100,000 (2002)
Gaza Strip 320,000 (cellular subscribers in both Gaza Strip and West Bank) (2002)
Georgia 522,300 (2003)
Germany 64.8 million (2003)
Ghana 799,900 (2003)
Gibraltar 9,797 (2002)
Greece 8,936,200 (2003)
Greenland 16,747 (2001)
Grenada 7,600 (2002)
Guadeloupe 323,500 (2002)
Guam 32,600 (2001)
Guatemala 1,577,100 (2002)
Guernsey 31,500 (2001)
Guinea 111,500 (2003)
Guinea-Bissau 1,300 (2003)
Guyana 87,300 (2002)
Haiti 140,000 (2002)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras 326,500 (2002)
Hong Kong 7,241,400 (2003)
Hungary 6,862,800 (2002)
Iceland 279,100 (2003)
India 26,154,400 (2003)
Indonesia 11.7 million (2002)
Iran 3,376,500 (2003)
Iraq 20,000 (2002)
Ireland 3.4 million (2003)
Israel 6.334 million (2002)
Italy 55.918 million (2003)
Jamaica 1.4 million (2002)
Japan 86,658,600 (2003)
Jersey 61,400 (2001)
Jordan 1,325,300 (2003)
Kazakhstan 1.027 million (2002)
Kenya 1,590,800 (2003)
Kiribati 500 (2002)
Korea, North NA
Korea, South 33,591,800 (2003)
Kuwait 1.42 million (2003)
Kyrgyzstan 53,100 (2002)
Laos 55,200 (2002)
Latvia 1,219,600 (2003)
Lebanon 775,100 (2002)
Lesotho 92,000 (2002)
Liberia 2,000 (2001)
Libya 100,000 (2003)
Liechtenstein 11,400 (2002)
Lithuania 2,169,900 (2003)
Luxembourg 473,000 (2002)
Macau 364,000 (2003)
Macedonia 830,000 (2005)
Madagascar 279,500 (2003)
Malawi 135,100 (2003)
Malaysia 11,124,100 (2003)
Maldives 41,900 (2002)
Mali 250,000 (2003)
Malta 290,000 (2003)
Man, Isle of NA
Marshall Islands 600 (2002)
Martinique 319,900 (2002)
Mauritania 300,000 (2003)
Mauritius 462,400 (2003)
Mayotte 21,700 (2002)
Mexico 28.125 million (2003)
Micronesia, Federated States of 1,800 (2002)
Moldova 338,200 (2002)
Monaco 19,300 (2002)
Mongolia 404,400 (2004)
Montserrat 70 (1994)
Morocco 7,332,800 (2003)
Mozambique 428,900 (2003)
Namibia 223,700 (2003)
Nauru 1,500 (2002)
Nepal 50,400 (2003)
Netherlands 12.5 million (2003)
Netherlands Antilles 81,000 (2001)
New Caledonia 80,000 (2002)
New Zealand 2.599 million (2003)
Nicaragua 202,800 (2002)
Niger 24,000 (2003)
Nigeria 3,149,500 (2003)
Niue 400 (2002)
Norfolk Island 0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002)
Northern Mariana Islands 3,000 (2000)
Norway 4,163,400 (2003)
Oman 464,900 (2002)
Pakistan 2,624,800 (2003)
Palau 1,000 (2002)
Panama 834,000 (2003)
Papua New Guinea 15,000 (2002)
Paraguay 1,770,300 (2003)
Peru 2,908,800 (2003)
Philippines 15.201 million (2002)
Poland 17.401 million (2003)
Portugal 9,341,400 (2003)
Puerto Rico 1,211,111 (2001)
Qatar 376,500 (2003)
Reunion 489,800 (2002)
Romania 6.9 million (2003)
Russia 17,608,800 (2002)
Rwanda 134,000 note: Rwanda has mobile cellular service between Kigali and several provincial capitals (2003)
Saint Helena 0 (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 5,000 (2002)
Saint Lucia 14,300 (2002)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 (1994)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10,000 (2002)
Samoa 2,700 (2002)
San Marino 16,800 (2002)
Sao Tome and Principe 4,800 (2003)
Saudi Arabia 7,238,200 (2003)
Senegal 575,900 (2003)
Serbia and Montenegro 3,634,600 (2003)
Seychelles 54,500 (2003)
Sierra Leone 67,000 (2002)
Singapore 3,521,800 (2004)
Slovakia 3,678,800 (2003)
Slovenia 1,739,100 (2003)
Solomon Islands 1,000 (2002)
Somalia 35,000 (2002)
South Africa 16.86 million (2003)
Spain 37,506,700 (2003)
Sri Lanka 931,600 (2002)
Sudan 650,000 (2003)
Suriname 168,100 (2003)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland 88,000 (2003)
Sweden 7.949 million (2002)
Switzerland 6.172 million (2003)
Syria 400,000 (2002)
Taiwan 25,089,600 (2003)
Tajikistan 47,600 (2003)
Tanzania 891,200 (2003)
Thailand 26.5 million (2005)
Togo 220,000 (2003)
Tokelau 0 (2001)
Tonga 9,000 (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago 361,900 (2002)
Tunisia 1,899,900 (2003)
Turkey 27,887,500 (2003)
Turkmenistan 52,000 (2004)
Turks and Caicos Islands 1,700 (1999)
Tuvalu 0 (2004)
Uganda 776,200 (2003)
Ukraine 4.2 million (2002)
United Arab Emirates 2,972,300 (2003)
United Kingdom 49.677 million (2002)
United States 158.722 million (2003)
Uruguay 652,000 (2002)
Uzbekistan 320,800 (2003)
Vanuatu 7,800 (2003)
Venezuela 6,463,600 (2002)
Vietnam 2.742 million (2003)
Virgin Islands 41,000 (2002)
Wallis and Futuna 0 (1994)
West Bank 480,000 (cellular subscribers in both West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2003)
Western Sahara 0 (1999)
World NA
Yemen 411,100 (2002)
Zambia 241,000 (2003)
Zimbabwe 379,100 (2003)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2153 Internet users
Afghanistan 1,000 (2002)
Albania 30,000 (2003)
Algeria 500,000 (2002)
American Samoa NA
Andorra 24,500 (2001)
Angola 41,000 (2002)
Anguilla 3,000 (2002)
Antigua and Barbuda 10,000 (2002)
Argentina 4.1 million (2002)
Armenia 150,000 (2003)
Aruba 24,000 (2002)
Australia 9.472 million (2002)
Austria 3.73 million (2003)
Azerbaijan 300,000 (2002)
Bahamas, The 84,000 (2003)
Bahrain 195,700 (2003)
Bangladesh 243,000 (2003)
Barbados 100,000 (2003)
Belarus 1,391,900 (2003)
Belgium 3.4 million (2002)
Belize 30,000 (2002)
Benin 70,000 (2003)
Bermuda 34,500 (2003)
Bhutan 15,000 (2003)
Bolivia 270,000 (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 100,000 (2002)
Botswana 60,000 (2002)
Brazil 14.3 million (2002)
British Virgin Islands 4,000 (2002)
Brunei 35,000 (2002)
Bulgaria 630,000 (2002)
Burkina Faso 48,000 (2003)
Burma 28,000 (2003)
Burundi 14,000 (2003)
Cambodia 30,000 (2002)
Cameroon 60,000 (2002) note: Cameroon also had more than 100 cyber-cafes in 2001
Canada 16.11 million (2002)
Cape Verde 20,400 (2003)
Cayman Islands 9,909 (2003)
Central African Republic 5,000 (2002)
Chad 15,000 (2002)
Chile 3.575 million (2002)
China 94 million (2004)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 2,732,200 (2003)
Comoros 5,000 (2003)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 50,000 (2002)
Congo, Republic of the 15,000 (2003)
Cook Islands 3,600 (2002)
Costa Rica 800,000 (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 90,000 (2002)
Croatia 1.014 million (2003)
Cuba 120,000 note: private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels, but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market, or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled "intranet" (2004)
Cyprus 210,000 (2002)
Czech Republic 2.7 million (2003)
Denmark 2.756 million (2002)
Djibouti 6,500 (2003)
Dominica 12,500 (2002)
Dominican Republic 500,000 (2003)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 569,700 (2003)
Egypt 4.2 million (2005)
El Salvador 550,000 (2003)
Equatorial Guinea 1,800 (2002)
Eritrea 9,500 (2003)
Estonia 444,000 (2002)
Ethiopia 75,000 (2003)
European Union 206,032,067 (September 2004)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA; however one-half of all households are reported to have internet access (2002)
Faroe Islands 25,000 (2002)
Fiji 55,000 (2003)
Finland 2.65 million (2002)
France 21.9 million (2003)
French Guiana 3,200 (2002)
French Polynesia 35,000 (2002)
Gabon 35,000 (2003)
Gambia, The 25,000 (2002)
Gaza Strip 60,000 (includes West Bank) (2001)
Georgia 150,500 (2003)
Germany 39 million (2003)
Ghana 170,000 (2002)
Gibraltar 6,200 (2002)
Greece 1,718,400 (2003)
Greenland 20,000 (2002)
Grenada 15,000 (2002)
Guadeloupe 20,000 (2002)
Guam 50,000 (2002)
Guatemala 400,000 (2002)
Guernsey NA
Guinea 40,000 (2003)
Guinea-Bissau 19,000 (2003)
Guyana 125,000 (2002)
Haiti 80,000 (2002)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras 168,600 (2002)
Hong Kong 3,212,800 (2003)
Hungary 1.6 million (2002)
Iceland 195,000 (2003)
India 18.481 million (2003)
Indonesia 8 million (2002)
Iran 4.3 million (2003)
Iraq 25,000 (2002)
Ireland 1.26 million (2003)
Israel 2 million (2002)
Italy 18.5 million (2003)
Jamaica 600,000 (2002)
Japan 57.2 million (2002)
Jersey NA
Jordan 457,000 (2003)
Kazakhstan 250,000 (2002)
Kenya 400,000 (2002)
Kiribati 2,000 (2002)
Korea, North NA
Korea, South 29.22 million (2003)
Kuwait 567,000 (2003)
Kyrgyzstan 152,000 (2002)
Laos 15,000 (2002)
Latvia 936,000 (2003)
Lebanon 400,000 (2002)
Lesotho 21,000 (2002)
Liberia 1,000 (2002)
Libya 160,000 (2003)
Liechtenstein 20,000 (2002)
Lithuania 695,700 (2003)
Luxembourg 165,000 (2002)
Macau 120,000 (2003)
Macedonia 100,000 (2002)
Madagascar 70,500 (2003)
Malawi 36,000 (2003)
Malaysia 8,692,100 (2003)
Maldives 15,000 (2002)
Mali 25,000 (2002)
Malta 120,000 (2002)
Man, Isle of NA
Marshall Islands 1,400 (2003)
Martinique 40,000 (2002)
Mauritania 10,000 (2002)
Mauritius 150,000 (2003)
Mayotte NA
Mexico 10.033 million (2002)
Micronesia, Federated States of 6,000 (2002)
Moldova 150,000 (2002)
Monaco 16,000 (2002)
Mongolia 220,000 (2004)
Montserrat NA
Morocco 800,000 (2003)
Mozambique 50,000 (2002)
Namibia 65,000 (2003)
Nauru 300 (2002)
Nepal 80,000 (2002)
Netherlands 8.5 million (2003)
Netherlands Antilles 2,000 (2000)
New Caledonia 60,000 (2003)
New Zealand 2.11 million (2003)
Nicaragua 90,000 (2002)
Niger 15,000 (2002)
Nigeria 750,000 (2003)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island 700
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway 2.288 million (2002)
Oman 180,000 (2002)
Pakistan 1.5 million (2002)
Panama 120,000 (2002)
Papua New Guinea 75,000 (2002)
Paraguay 120,000 (2003)
Peru 2.85 million (2003)
Philippines 3.5 million (2002)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 8.97 million (2003)
Portugal 3.6 million (2002)
Puerto Rico 600,000 (2002)
Qatar 126,000 (2003)
Reunion 150,000 (2002)
Romania 4 million (2003)
Russia 6 million (2002)
Rwanda 25,000 (2002)
Saint Helena 500 (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 10,000 (2002)
Saint Lucia 13,000 (2002)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7,000 (2002)
Samoa 4,000 (2002)
San Marino 14,300 (2002)
Sao Tome and Principe 15,000 (2003)
Saudi Arabia 1.5 million (2003)
Senegal 225,000 (2003)
Serbia and Montenegro 847,000 (2003)
Seychelles 11,700 (2002)
Sierra Leone 8,000 (2002)
Singapore 2.31 million (2002)
Slovakia 1,375,800 (2003)
Slovenia 750,000 (2002)
Solomon Islands 2,200 (2002)
Somalia 89,000 (2002)
South Africa 3.1 million (2002)
Spain 9.789 million (2003)
Sri Lanka 200,000 (2002)
Sudan 300,000 (2003)
Suriname 20,000 (2002)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland 27,000 (2003)
Sweden 5.125 million (2002)
Switzerland 2.556 million (2002)
Syria 220,000 (2002)
Taiwan 13.8 million (2005)
Tajikistan 4,100 (2003)
Tanzania 250,000 (2003)
Thailand 6,971,500 (2003)
Togo 210,000 (2003)
Tokelau NA
Tonga 2,900 (2002)
Trinidad and Tobago 138,000 (2002)
Tunisia 630,000 (2003)
Turkey 5.5 million (2003)
Turkmenistan 8,000 (2002)
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu 1,300 (2002)
Uganda 125,000 (2003)
Ukraine 3.8 million (2003)
United Arab Emirates 1,110,200 (2003)
United Kingdom 25 million (2002)
United States 159 million (2002)
Uruguay 400,000 (2002)
Uzbekistan 492,000 (2003)
Vanuatu 7,500 (2003)
Venezuela 1,274,400 (2002)
Vietnam 3.5 million (2003)
Virgin Islands 30,000 (2002)
Wallis and Futuna 900 (2002)
West Bank 145,000 (includes Gaza Strip) (2003)
Western Sahara NA
World 604,111,719 (2002 est.)
Yemen 100,000 (2002)
Zambia 68,200 (2003)
Zimbabwe 500,000 (2002)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2154 Internet country code
Afghanistan .af
Albania .al
Algeria .dz
American Samoa .as
Andorra .ad
Angola .ao
Anguilla .ai
Antarctica .aq
Antigua and Barbuda .ag
Argentina .ar
Armenia .am
Aruba .aw
Australia .au
Austria .at
Azerbaijan .az
Bahamas, The .bs
Bahrain .bh
Bangladesh .bd
Barbados .bb
Belarus .by
Belgium .be
Belize .bz
Benin .bj
Bermuda .bm
Bhutan .bt
Bolivia .bo
Bosnia and Herzegovina .ba
Botswana .bw
Bouvet Island .bv
Brazil .br
British Indian Ocean Territory .io
British Virgin Islands .vg
Brunei .bn
Bulgaria .bg
Burkina Faso .bf
Burma .mm
Burundi .bi
Cambodia .kh
Cameroon .cm
Canada .ca
Cape Verde .cv
Cayman Islands .ky
Central African Republic .cf
Chad .td
Chile .cl
China .cn
Christmas Island .cx
Cocos (Keeling) Islands .cc
Colombia .co
Comoros .km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the .cd
Congo, Republic of the .cg
Cook Islands .ck
Costa Rica .cr
Cote d'Ivoire .ci
Croatia .hr
Cuba .cu
Cyprus .cy
Czech Republic .cz
Denmark .dk
Djibouti .dj
Dominica .dm
Dominican Republic .do
East Timor .tl; note - ICANN approved the change from .tp in January 2005
Ecuador .ec
Egypt .eg
El Salvador .sv
Equatorial Guinea .gq
Eritrea .er
Estonia .ee
Ethiopia .et
European Union .eu (effective 2005); note - see country entries of member states for individual country codes
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) .fk
Faroe Islands .fo
Fiji .fj
Finland .fi
France .fr
French Guiana .gf
French Polynesia .pf
French Southern and Antarctic Lands .tf
Gabon .ga
Gambia, The .gm
Gaza Strip .ps
Georgia .ge
Germany .de
Ghana .gh
Gibraltar .gi
Greece .gr
Greenland .gl
Grenada .gd
Guadeloupe .gp
Guam .gu
Guatemala .gt
Guernsey .gg
Guinea .gn
Guinea-Bissau .gw
Guyana .gy
Haiti .ht
Heard Island and McDonald Islands .hm
Holy See (Vatican City) .va
Honduras .hn
Hong Kong .hk
Hungary .hu
Iceland .is
India .in
Indonesia .id
Iran .ir
Iraq .iq
Ireland .ie
Israel .il
Italy .it
Jamaica .jm
Japan .jp
Jersey .je
Jordan .jo
Kazakhstan .kz
Kenya .ke
Kiribati .ki
Korea, North .kp
Korea, South .kr
Kuwait .kw
Kyrgyzstan .kg
Laos .la
Latvia .lv
Lebanon .lb
Lesotho .ls
Liberia .lr
Libya .ly
Liechtenstein .li
Lithuania .lt
Luxembourg .lu
Macau .mo
Macedonia .mk
Madagascar .mg
Malawi .mw
Malaysia .my
Maldives .mv
Mali .ml
Malta .mt
Man, Isle of .im
Marshall Islands .mh
Martinique .mq
Mauritania .mr
Mauritius .mu
Mayotte .yt
Mexico .mx
Micronesia, Federated States of .fm
Moldova .md
Monaco .mc
Mongolia .mn
Montserrat .ms
Morocco .ma
Mozambique .mz
Namibia .na
Nauru .nr
Nepal .np
Netherlands .nl
Netherlands Antilles .an
New Caledonia .nc
New Zealand .nz
Nicaragua .ni
Niger .ne
Nigeria .ng
Niue .nu
Norfolk Island .nf
Northern Mariana Islands .mp
Norway .no
Oman .om
Pakistan .pk
Palau .pw
Panama .pa
Papua New Guinea .pg
Paraguay .py
Peru .pe
Philippines .ph
Pitcairn Islands .pn
Poland .pl
Portugal .pt
Puerto Rico .pr
Qatar .qa
Reunion .re
Romania .ro
Russia .ru; Russia also has responsibility for a legacy domain ".su" that was allocated to the Soviet Union, and whose legal status and ownership are contested by the Russian Government, ICANN, and several Russian commercial entities
Rwanda .rw
Saint Helena .sh
Saint Kitts and Nevis .kn
Saint Lucia .lc
Saint Pierre and Miquelon .pm
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .vc
Samoa .ws
San Marino .sm
Sao Tome and Principe .st
Saudi Arabia .sa
Senegal .sn
Serbia and Montenegro .cs
Seychelles .sc
Sierra Leone .sl
Singapore .sg
Slovakia .sk
Slovenia .si
Solomon Islands .sb
Somalia .so
South Africa .za
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands .gs
Spain .es
Sri Lanka .lk
Sudan .sd
Suriname .sr
Svalbard .sj
Swaziland .sz
Sweden .se
Switzerland .ch
Syria .sy
Taiwan .tw
Tajikistan .tj
Tanzania .tz
Thailand .th
Togo .tg
Tokelau .tk
Tonga .to
Trinidad and Tobago .tt
Tunisia .tn
Turkey .tr
Turkmenistan .tm
Turks and Caicos Islands .tc
Tuvalu .tv
Uganda .ug
Ukraine .ua
United Arab Emirates .ae
United Kingdom .uk
United States .us
Uruguay .uy
Uzbekistan .uz
Vanuatu .vu
Venezuela .ve
Vietnam .vn
Virgin Islands .vi
Wallis and Futuna .wf
West Bank .ps
Western Sahara .eh
Yemen .ye
Zambia .zm
Zimbabwe .zw
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2155 HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%)
Afghanistan 0.01% (2001 est.)
Albania NA%
Algeria 0.1% ; note - no country specific models provided (2001 est.)
American Samoa NA
Andorra NA%
Angola 3.9% (2003 est.)
Anguilla NA
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina 0.7% (2001 est.)
Armenia 0.1% (2003 est.)
Aruba NA
Australia 0.1% (2003 est.)
Austria 0.3% (2003 est.)
Azerbaijan less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
Bahamas, The 3% (2003 est.)
Bahrain 0.2% (2001 est.)
Bangladesh less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Barbados 1.5% (2003 est.)
Belarus 0.3% (2001 est.)
Belgium 0.2% (2003 est.)
Belize 2.4% (2003 est.)
Benin 1.9% (2003 est.)
Bermuda NA
Bhutan less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Bolivia 0.1% (2003 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Botswana 37.3% (2003 est.)
Brazil 0.7% (2003 est.)
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
Bulgaria less than 0.1% - note - no country specific models provided (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso 4.2% (2003 est.)
Burma 1.2% (2003 est.)
Burundi 6% (2003 est.)
Cambodia 2.6% (2003 est.)
Cameroon 6.9% (2003 est.)
Canada 0.3% (2003 est.)
Cape Verde 0.035% (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands NA
Central African Republic 13.5% (2003 est.)
Chad 4.8% (2003 est.)
Chile 0.3% (2003 est.)
China 0.1% (2003 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 0.7% (2003 est.)
Comoros 0.12% (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 4.2% (2003 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 4.9% (2003 est.)
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica 0.6% (2003 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 7% (2003 est.)
Croatia less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Cuba less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
Cyprus 0.1% (2003 est.)
Czech Republic less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Denmark 0.2% (2003 est.)
Djibouti 2.9% (2003 est.)
Dominica NA
Dominican Republic 1.7% (2003 est.)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 0.3% (2003 est.)
Egypt less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
El Salvador 0.7% (2003 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 3.4% (2001 est.)
Eritrea 2.7% (2003 est.)
Estonia 1.1% (2001 est.)
Ethiopia 4.4% (2003 est.)
European Union NA%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands NA%
Fiji 0.1% (2003 est.)
Finland less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
France 0.4% (2003 est.)
French Guiana NA%
French Polynesia NA%
Gabon 8.1% (2003 est.)
Gambia, The 1.2% (2003 est.)
Gaza Strip NA
Georgia less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Germany 0.1% (2001 est.)
Ghana 3.1% (2003 est.)
Gibraltar NA%
Greece 0.2% (2001 est.)
Greenland NA%
Grenada NA
Guadeloupe NA%
Guam NA
Guatemala 1.1% (2003 est.)
Guernsey NA%
Guinea 3.2% (2003 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 10% (2003 est.)
Guyana 2.5% (2003 est.)
Haiti 5.6% (2003 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA%
Honduras 1.8% (2003 est.)
Hong Kong 0.1% (2003 est.)
Hungary 0.1% (2001 est.)
Iceland 0.2% (2001 est.)
India 0.9% (2001 est.)
Indonesia 0.1% (2003 est.)
Iran less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Iraq less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Ireland 0.1% (2001 est.)
Israel 0.1% (2001 est.)
Italy 0.5% (2001 est.)
Jamaica 1.2% (2003 est.)
Japan less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
Jersey NA%
Jordan less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan 0.2% (2001 est.)
Kenya 6.7% (2003 est.)
Kiribati NA
Korea, North NA
Korea, South less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
Kuwait 0.12% (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Laos 0.1% (2003 est.)
Latvia 0.6% (2001 est.)
Lebanon 0.1% (2001 est.)
Lesotho 28.9% (2003 est.)
Liberia 5.9% (2003 est.)
Libya 0.3% (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein NA%
Lithuania 0.1% (2001 est.)
Luxembourg 0.2% (2001 est.)
Macau NA
Macedonia less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Madagascar 1.7% (2003 est.)
Malawi 14.2% (2003 est.)
Malaysia 0.4% (2003 est.)
Maldives 0.1% (2001 est.)
Mali 1.9% (2003 est.)
Malta 0.2% (2001 est.)
Man, Isle of NA%
Marshall Islands NA
Martinique NA%
Mauritania 0.6% (2003 est.)
Mauritius 0.1% (2001 est.)
Mayotte NA%
Mexico 0.3% (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of NA
Moldova 0.2% (2001 est.)
Monaco NA%
Mongolia less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
Montserrat NA
Morocco 0.1% (2001 est.)
Mozambique 12.2% (2003 est.)
Namibia 21.3% (2003 est.)
Nauru NA
Nepal 0.5% (2001 est.)
Netherlands 0.2% (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles NA
New Caledonia NA%
New Zealand 0.1% (2003 est.)
Nicaragua 0.2% (2003 est.)
Niger 1.2% (2003 est.)
Nigeria 5.4% (2003 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway 0.1% (2001 est.)
Oman 0.1% (2001 est.)
Pakistan 0.1% (2001 est.)
Palau NA
Panama 0.9% (2003 est.)
Papua New Guinea 0.6% (2003 est.)
Paraguay 0.5% (2003 est.)
Peru 0.5% (2003 est.)
Philippines less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 0.1% ; note - no country specific models provided (2001 est.)
Portugal 0.4% (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico NA
Qatar 0.09% (2001 est.)
Reunion NA%
Romania less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Russia 1.1% (2001 est.)
Rwanda 5.1% (2003 est.)
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA
Samoa NA
San Marino NA%
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia 0.01% (2001 est.)
Senegal 0.8% (2003 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 0.2% (2001 est.)
Seychelles NA
Sierra Leone 7% (2001 est.)
Singapore 0.2% (2003 est.)
Slovakia less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Slovenia less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia 1% (2001 est.)
South Africa 21.5% (2003 est.)
Spain 0.7% (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Sudan 2.3% (2001 est.)
Suriname 1.7% (2001 est.)
Svalbard 0% (2001)
Swaziland 38.8% (2003 est.)
Sweden 0.1% (2001 est.)
Switzerland 0.4% (2001 est.)
Syria less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Taiwan NA
Tajikistan less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Tanzania 8.8% (2003 est.)
Thailand 1.5% (2003 est.)
Togo 4.1% (2003 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago 3.2% (2003 est.)
Tunisia less than 0.1% (2005 est.)
Turkey less than 0.1% - note - no country specific models provided (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan less than 0.1% (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu NA
Uganda 4.1% (2003 est.)
Ukraine 1.4% (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates 0.18% (2001 est.)
United Kingdom 0.2% (2001 est.)
United States 0.6% (2003 est.)
Uruguay 0.3% (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela 0.7% - note - no country specific models provided (2001 est.)
Vietnam 0.4% (2003 est.)
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna NA%
West Bank NA
Western Sahara NA
World NA%
Yemen 0.1% (2001 est.)
Zambia 16.5% (2003 est.)
Zimbabwe 24.6% (2001 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2156 HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS
Afghanistan NA
Albania NA
Algeria 9,100 (2003 est.)
American Samoa NA
Andorra NA
Angola 240,000 (2003 est.)
Anguilla NA
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina 130,000 (2001 est.)
Armenia 2,600 (2003 est.)
Aruba NA
Australia 14,000 (2003 est.)
Austria 10,000 (2003 est.)
Azerbaijan 1,400 (2003 est.)
Bahamas, The 5,600 (2003 est.)
Bahrain less than 600 (2003 est.)
Bangladesh 13,000 (2001 est.)
Barbados 2,500 (2003 est.)
Belarus 15,000 (2001 est.)
Belgium 10,000 (2003 est.)
Belize 3,600 (2003 est.)
Benin 68,000 (2003 est.)
Bermuda NA
Bhutan less than 100 (1999 est.)
Bolivia 4,900 (2003 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 900 (2003 est.)
Botswana 350,000 (2003 est.)
Brazil 660,000 (2003 est.)
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei less than 200 (2003 est.)
Bulgaria 346 (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso 300,000 (2003 est.)
Burma 330,000 (2003 est.)
Burundi 250,000 (2003 est.)
Cambodia 170,000 (2003 est.)
Cameroon 560,000 (2003 est.)
Canada 56,000 (2003 est.)
Cape Verde 775 (2001)
Cayman Islands NA
Central African Republic 260,000 (2003 est.)
Chad 200,000 (2003 est.)
Chile 26,000 (2003 est.)
China 840,000 (2003 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 190,000 (2003 est.)
Comoros NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1.1 million (2003 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 90,000 (2003 est.)
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica 12,000 (2003 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 570,000 (2003 est.)
Croatia 200 (2001 est.)
Cuba 3,300 (2003 est.)
Cyprus less than 1,000 (1999 est.)
Czech Republic 2,500 (2001 est.)
Denmark 5,000 (2003 est.)
Djibouti 9,100 (2003 est.)
Dominica NA
Dominican Republic 88,000 (2003 est.)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 21,000 (2003 est.)
Egypt 12,000 (2001 est.)
El Salvador 29,000 (2003 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 5,900 (2001 est.)
Eritrea 60,000 (2003 est.)
Estonia 7,800 (2003 est.)
Ethiopia 1.5 million (2003 est.)
European Union NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji 600 (2003 est.)
Finland 1,500 (2003 est.)
France 120,000 (2003 est.)
French Guiana NA
French Polynesia NA
Gabon 48,000 (2003 est.)
Gambia, The 6,800 (2003 est.)
Gaza Strip NA
Georgia 3,000 (2003 est.)
Germany 43,000 (2001 est.)
Ghana 350,000 (2003 est.)
Gibraltar NA
Greece 9,100 (2001 est.)
Greenland 100 (1999)
Grenada NA
Guadeloupe NA
Guam NA
Guatemala 78,000 (2003 est.)
Guernsey NA
Guinea 140,000 (2003 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 17,000 (2001 est.)
Guyana 11,000 (2003 est.)
Haiti 280,000 (2003 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras 63,000 (2003 est.)
Hong Kong 2,600 (2003 est.)
Hungary 2,800 (2001 est.)
Iceland 220 (2001 est.)
India 5.1 million (2001 est.)
Indonesia 110,000 (2003 est.)
Iran 31,000 (2001 est.)
Iraq less than 500 (2003 est.)
Ireland 2,800 (2001 est.)
Israel 3,000 (1999 est.)
Italy 140,000 (2001 est.)
Jamaica 22,000 (2003 est.)
Japan 12,000 (2003 est.)
Jersey NA
Jordan 600 (2003 est.)
Kazakhstan 16,500 (2001 est.)
Kenya 1.2 million (2003 est.)
Kiribati NA
Korea, North NA
Korea, South 8,300 (2003 est.)
Kuwait NA
Kyrgyzstan 3,900 (2003 est.)
Laos 1,700 (2003 est.)
Latvia 7,600 (2001 est.)
Lebanon 2,800 (2003 est.)
Lesotho 320,000 (2003 est.)
Liberia 100,000 (2003 est.)
Libya 10,000 (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein NA
Lithuania 1,300 (2003 est.)
Luxembourg less than 500 (2003 est.)
Macau NA
Macedonia less than 200 (2003 est.)
Madagascar 140,000 (2003 est.)
Malawi 900,000 (2003 est.)
Malaysia 52,000 (2003 est.)
Maldives less than 100 (2001 est.)
Mali 140,000 (2003 est.)
Malta less than 500 (2003 est.)
Man, Isle of NA
Marshall Islands NA
Martinique NA
Mauritania 9,500 (2003 est.)
Mauritius 700 (2001 est.)
Mayotte NA
Mexico 160,000 (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of NA
Moldova 5,500 (2001 est.)
Monaco NA
Mongolia less than 500 (2003 est)
Montserrat NA
Morocco 15,000 (2001 est.)
Mozambique 1.3 million (2003 est.)
Namibia 210,000 (2001 est.)
Nauru NA
Nepal 61,000 (2001 est.)
Netherlands 19,000 (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles NA
New Caledonia NA
New Zealand 1,400 (2003 est.)
Nicaragua 6,400 (2003 est.)
Niger 70,000 (2003 est.)
Nigeria 3.6 million (2003 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway 2,100 (2001 est.)
Oman 1,300 (2001 est.)
Pakistan 74,000 (2001 est.)
Palau NA
Panama 16,000 (2003 est.)
Papua New Guinea 16,000 (2003 est.)
Paraguay 15,000 (1999 est.)
Peru 82,000 (2003 est.)
Philippines 9,000 (2003 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 14,000 (2003 est.)
Portugal 22,000 (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico 7,397 (1997)
Qatar NA
Reunion NA
Romania 6,500 (2001 est.)
Russia 860,000 (2001 est.)
Rwanda 250,000 (2003 est.)
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA
Samoa 12
San Marino NA
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia NA
Senegal 44,000 (2003 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 10,000 (2001 est.)
Seychelles NA
Sierra Leone 170,000 (2001 est.)
Singapore 4,100 (2003 est.)
Slovakia less than 200 (2003 est.)
Slovenia 280 (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia 43,000 (2001 est.)
South Africa 5.3 million (2003 est.)
Spain 140,000 (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka 3,500 (2001 est.)
Sudan 400,000 (2001 est.)
Suriname 5,200 (2001 est.)
Svalbard 0 (2001)
Swaziland 220,000 (2003 est.)
Sweden 3,600 (2001 est.)
Switzerland 13,000 (2001 est.)
Syria less than 500 (2003 est.)
Taiwan NA
Tajikistan less than 200 (2003 est.)
Tanzania 1.6 million (2003 est.)
Thailand 570,000 (2003 est.)
Togo 110,000 (2003 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago 29,000 (2003 est.)
Tunisia 1,000 (2003 est.)
Turkey NA
Turkmenistan less than 200 (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu NA
Uganda 530,000 (2001 est.)
Ukraine 360,000 (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates NA
United Kingdom 51,000 (2001 est.)
United States 950,000 (2003 est.)
Uruguay 6,000 (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan 11,000 (2003 est.)
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela 110,000 (1999 est.)
Vietnam 220,000 (2003 est.)
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna NA
West Bank NA
Western Sahara NA
World NA
Yemen 12,000 (2001 est.)
Zambia 920,000 (2003 est.)
Zimbabwe 1.8 million (2001 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2157 HIV/AIDS - deaths
Afghanistan NA
Albania NA
Algeria less than 500 (2003 est.)
American Samoa NA
Andorra NA
Angola 21,000 (2003 est.)
Anguilla NA
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina 1,500 (2003 est.)
Armenia less than 200 (2003 est.)
Aruba NA
Australia less than 200 (2003 est.)
Austria less than 100 (2003 est.)
Azerbaijan less than 100 (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The less than 200 (2003 est.)
Bahrain less than 200 (2003 est.)
Bangladesh 650 (2001 est.)
Barbados less than 200 (2003 est.)
Belarus 1,000 (2001 est.)
Belgium less than 100 (2003 est.)
Belize less than 200 (2003 est.)
Benin 5,800 (2003 est.)
Bermuda NA
Bhutan NA
Bolivia less than 500 (2003 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 100 (2001 est.)
Botswana 33,000 (2003 est.)
Brazil 15,000 (2003 est.)
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei less than 200 (2003 est.)
Bulgaria 100 (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso 29,000 (2003 est.)
Burma 20,000 (2003 est.)
Burundi 25,000 (2003 est.)
Cambodia 15,000 (2003 est.)
Cameroon 49,000 (2003 est.)
Canada 1,500 (2003 est.)
Cape Verde 225 (as of 2001)
Cayman Islands NA
Central African Republic 23,000 (2003 est.)
Chad 18,000 (2003 est.)
Chile 1,400 (2003 est.)
China 44,000 (2003 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 3,600 (2003 est.)
Comoros NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 100,000 (2003 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 9,700 (2003 est.)
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica 900 (2003 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 47,000 (2003 est.)
Croatia less than 10 (2001 est.)
Cuba less than 200 (2003 est.)
Cyprus NA
Czech Republic less than 10 (2001 est.)
Denmark less than 100 (2003 est.)
Djibouti 690 (2003 est.)
Dominica NA
Dominican Republic 7,900 (2003 est.)
East Timor NA
Ecuador 1,700 (2003 est.)
Egypt 700 (2003 est.)
El Salvador 2,200 (2003 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 370 (2001 est.)
Eritrea 6,300 (2003 est.)
Estonia less than 200 (2003 est.)
Ethiopia 120,000 (2003 est.)
European Union NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji less than 200 (2003 est.)
Finland less than 100 (2003 est.)
France less than 1,000 (2003 est.)
French Guiana NA
French Polynesia NA
Gabon 3,000 (2003 est.)
Gambia, The 600 (2003 est.)
Gaza Strip NA
Georgia less than 200 (2003 est.)
Germany less than 1,000 (2003 est.)
Ghana 30,000 (2003 est.)
Gibraltar NA
Greece less than 100 (2003 est.)
Greenland NA
Grenada NA
Guadeloupe NA
Guam NA
Guatemala 5,800 (2003 est.)
Guernsey NA
Guinea 9,000 (2003 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 1,200 (2001 est.)
Guyana 1,100 (2003 est.)
Haiti 24,000 (2003 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras 4,100 (2003 est.)
Hong Kong less than 200 (2003 est.)
Hungary less than 100 (2001 est.)
Iceland less than 100 (2003 est.)
India 310,000 (2001 est.)
Indonesia 2,400 (2003 est.)
Iran 800 (2003 est.)
Iraq NA
Ireland less than 100 (2003 est.)
Israel 100 (2001 est.)
Italy less than 1,000 (2003 est.)
Jamaica 900 (2003 est.)
Japan 500 (2003 est.)
Jersey NA
Jordan less than 500 (2003 est.)
Kazakhstan less than 200 (2003 est.)
Kenya 150,000 (2003 est.)
Kiribati NA
Korea, North NA
Korea, South less than 200 (2003 est.)
Kuwait NA
Kyrgyzstan less than 200 (2003 est.)
Laos less than 200 (2003 est.)
Latvia less than 500 (2003 est.)
Lebanon less than 200 (2003 est.)
Lesotho 29,000 (2003 est.)
Liberia 7,200 (2003 est.)
Libya NA
Liechtenstein NA
Lithuania less than 200 (2003 est.)
Luxembourg less than 100 (2003 est.)
Macau NA
Macedonia less than 100 (2003 est.)
Madagascar 7,500 (2003 est.)
Malawi 84,000 (2003 est.)
Malaysia 2,000 (2003 est.)
Maldives NA
Mali 12,000 (2003 est.)
Malta less than 100 (2003 est.)
Man, Isle of NA
Marshall Islands NA
Martinique NA
Mauritania less than 500 (2003 est.)
Mauritius less than 100 (2001 est.)
Mayotte NA
Mexico 5,000 (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of NA
Moldova less than 300 (2001 est.)
Monaco NA
Mongolia less than 200 (2003 est.)
Montserrat NA
Morocco NA
Mozambique 110,000 (2003 est.)
Namibia 16,000 (2003 est.)
Nauru NA
Nepal 3,100 (2003 est.)
Netherlands less than 100 (2003 est.)
Netherlands Antilles NA
New Caledonia NA
New Zealand less than 200 (2003 est.)
Nicaragua less than 500 (2003 est.)
Niger 4,800 (2003 est.)
Nigeria 310,000 (2003 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway less than 100 (2003 est.)
Oman less than 200 (2003 est.)
Pakistan 4,900 (2003 est.)
Palau NA
Panama less than 500 (2003 est.)
Papua New Guinea 600 (2003 est.)
Paraguay 600 (2003 est.)
Peru 4,200 (2003 est.)
Philippines less than 500 (2003 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 100 (2001 est.)
Portugal less than 1,000 (2003 est.)
Puerto Rico NA
Qatar NA
Reunion NA
Romania 350 (2001 est.)
Russia 9,000 (2001 est.)
Rwanda 22,000 (2003 est.)
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA
Samoa 3
San Marino NA
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia NA
Senegal 3,500 (2003 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro less than 100 (2003 est.)
Seychelles NA
Sierra Leone 11,000 (2001 est.)
Singapore less than 200 (2003 est.)
Slovakia less than 100 (2001 est.)
Slovenia less than 100 (2003 est.)
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia NA
South Africa 370,000 (2003 est.)
Spain less than 1,000 (2003 est.)
Sri Lanka less than 200 (2003 est.)
Sudan 23,000 (2003 est.)
Suriname less than 500 (2003 est.)
Svalbard 0 (2001)
Swaziland 17,000 (2003 est.)
Sweden less than 100 (2003 est.)
Switzerland less than 100 (2003 est.)
Syria less than 200 (2003 est.)
Taiwan NA
Tajikistan less than 100 (2001 est.)
Tanzania 160,000 (2003 est.)
Thailand 58,000 (2003 est.)
Togo 10,000 (2003 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago 1,900 (2003 est.)
Tunisia less than 200 (2003 est.)
Turkey NA
Turkmenistan less than 100 (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu NA
Uganda 78,000 (2003 est.)
Ukraine 20,000 (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates NA
United Kingdom less than 500 (2003 est.)
United States 14,000 (2003 est.)
Uruguay less than 500 (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan less than 500 (2003 est.)
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela 4,100 (2003 est.)
Vietnam 9,000 (2003 est.)
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna NA
West Bank NA
Western Sahara NA
World NA
Yemen NA
Zambia 89,000 (2003 est.)
Zimbabwe 170,000 (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2158 Currency code
Afghanistan AFA
Albania ALL
Algeria DZD
American Samoa USD
Andorra EUR
Angola AOA
Anguilla XCD
Antigua and Barbuda XCD
Argentina ARS
Armenia AMD
Aruba AWG
Australia AUD
Austria EUR
Azerbaijan AZM
Bahamas, The BSD
Bahrain BHD
Bangladesh BDT
Barbados BBD
Belarus BYB/BYR
Belgium EUR
Belize BZD
Benin XOF
Bermuda BMD
Bhutan BTN; INR
Bolivia BOB
Bosnia and Herzegovina BAM
Botswana BWP
Brazil BRL
British Virgin Islands USD
Brunei BND
Bulgaria BGN
Burkina Faso XOF
Burma MMK
Burundi BIF
Cambodia KHR
Cameroon XAF
Canada CAD
Cape Verde CVE
Cayman Islands KYD
Central African Republic XAF
Chad XAF
Chile CLP
China CNY
Christmas Island AUD
Cocos (Keeling) Islands AUD
Colombia COP
Comoros KMF
Congo, Democratic Republic of the CDF
Congo, Republic of the XAF
Cook Islands NZD
Costa Rica CRC
Cote d'Ivoire XOF
Croatia HRK
Cuba CUP (nonconvertible Cuban peso) and CUC (convertible Cuban peso)
Cyprus CYP; TRL
Czech Republic CZK
Denmark DKK
Djibouti DJF
Dominica XCD
Dominican Republic DOP
East Timor USD
Ecuador USD
Egypt EGP
El Salvador USD
Equatorial Guinea XAF
Eritrea ERN
Estonia EEK
Ethiopia ETB
European Union EUR
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) FKP
Faroe Islands DKK
Fiji FJD
Finland EUR
France EUR
French Guiana EUR
French Polynesia XPF
Gabon XAF
Gambia, The GMD
Gaza Strip ILS
Georgia GEL
Germany EUR
Ghana GHC
Gibraltar GIP
Greece EUR
Greenland DKK
Grenada XCD
Guadeloupe EUR
Guam USD
Guatemala GTQ; USD
Guernsey GBP
Guinea GNF
Guinea-Bissau XOF; GWP
Guyana GYD
Haiti HTG
Holy See (Vatican City) EUR
Honduras HNL
Hong Kong HKD
Hungary HUF
Iceland ISK
India INR
Indonesia IDR
Iran IRR
Iraq NID, IQD prior to 22 January 2004
Ireland EUR
Israel ILS
Italy EUR
Jamaica JMD
Japan JPY
Jersey GBP
Jordan JOD
Kazakhstan KZT
Kenya KES
Kiribati AUD
Korea, North KPW
Korea, South KRW
Kuwait KWD
Kyrgyzstan KGS
Laos LAK
Latvia LVL
Lebanon LBP
Lesotho LSL; ZAR
Liberia LRD
Libya LYD
Liechtenstein CHF
Lithuania LTL
Luxembourg EUR
Macau MOP
Macedonia MKD
Madagascar MGF
Malawi MWK
Malaysia MYR
Maldives MVR
Mali XOF
Malta MTL
Man, Isle of GBP
Marshall Islands USD
Martinique EUR
Mauritania MRO
Mauritius MUR
Mayotte EUR
Mexico MXN
Micronesia, Federated States of USD
Moldova MDL
Monaco EUR
Mongolia MNT
Montserrat XCD
Morocco MAD
Mozambique MZM
Namibia NAD; ZAR
Nauru AUD
Nepal NPR
Netherlands EUR
Netherlands Antilles ANG
New Caledonia XPF
New Zealand NZD
Nicaragua NIO
Niger XOF
Nigeria NGN
Niue NZD
Norfolk Island AUD
Northern Mariana Islands USD
Norway NOK
Oman OMR
Pakistan PKR
Palau USD
Panama PAB; USD
Papua New Guinea PGK
Paraguay PYG
Peru PEN
Philippines PHP
Pitcairn Islands NZD
Poland PLN
Portugal EUR
Puerto Rico USD
Qatar QAR
Reunion EUR
Romania ROL
Russia RUR
Rwanda RWF
Saint Helena SHP
Saint Kitts and Nevis XCD
Saint Lucia XCD
Saint Pierre and Miquelon EUR
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines XCD
Samoa SAT (former WST code is still in wide use)
San Marino EUR
Sao Tome and Principe STD
Saudi Arabia SAR
Senegal XOF
Serbia and Montenegro CSD, EUR
Seychelles SCR
Sierra Leone SLL
Singapore SGD
Slovakia SKK
Slovenia SIT
Solomon Islands SBD
Somalia SOS
South Africa ZAR
Spain EUR
Sri Lanka LKR
Sudan SDD
Suriname SRG
Svalbard NOK
Swaziland SZL
Sweden SEK
Switzerland CHF
Syria SYP
Taiwan TWD
Tajikistan TJS
Tanzania TZS
Thailand THB
Togo XOF
Tokelau NZD
Tonga TOP
Trinidad and Tobago TTD
Tunisia TND
Turkey TRL, YTL
Turkmenistan TMM
Turks and Caicos Islands USD
Tuvalu AUD
Uganda UGX
Ukraine UAH
United Arab Emirates AED
United Kingdom GBP
United States USD
Uruguay UYU
Uzbekistan UZS
Vanuatu VUV
Venezuela VEB
Vietnam VND
Virgin Islands USD
Wallis and Futuna XPF
West Bank ILS; JOD
Western Sahara MAD
Yemen YER
Zambia ZMK
Zimbabwe ZWD
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2172 Distribution of family income - Gini index
Algeria 35.3 (1995)
Armenia 44.4 (1996)
Australia 35.2 (1994)
Austria 31 (1995)
Azerbaijan 36 (1995)
Bangladesh 33.6 (FY95/96)
Belarus 21.7 (1998)
Belgium 28.7 (1996)
Bolivia 44.7 (1999)
Brazil 60.7 (1998)
Bulgaria 26.4 (2001)
Burkina Faso 48.2 (1994)
Burundi 42.5 (1998)
Cambodia 40 (2004 est.)
Cameroon 47.7 (1996)
Canada 31.5 (1994)
Central African Republic 61.3 (1993)
Chile 57.1 (2000)
China 44 (2002)
Colombia 57.1 (1996)
Costa Rica 45.9 (1997)
Cote d'Ivoire 36.7 (1995)
Croatia 29 (1998)
Czech Republic 25.4 (1996)
Denmark 24.7 (1992)
Dominican Republic 47.4 (1998)
East Timor 38 (2002 est.)
Ecuador 42 note: data are for urban households (2003)
Egypt 34.4 (2001)
El Salvador 52.5 (2001)
Estonia 37 (1999)
Ethiopia 40 (1995)
European Union 31.2 (2003 est.)
Finland 25.6 (1991)
France 32.7 (1995)
Georgia 37.1 (1996)
Germany 30 (1994)
Ghana 40.7 (1999)
Greece 35.4 (1998)
Guatemala 55.8 (1998)
Guinea 40.3 (1994)
Honduras 56.3 (1998)
Hungary 24.4 (1998)
India 37.8 (1997)
Indonesia 37 (2001)
Ireland 35.9 (1987)
Israel 35.5 (2001)
Italy 27.3 (1995)
Jamaica 37.9 (2000)
Japan 24.9 (1993)
Jordan 36.4 (1997)
Kazakhstan 31.5 (2003)
Kenya 44.9 (1997)
Korea, South 35.8 (2000)
Kyrgyzstan 29 (2001)
Laos 37 (1997)
Latvia 32 (1999)
Lesotho 56 (1986-87)
Lithuania 34 (1999)
Madagascar 38.1 (1999)
Malaysia 49.2 (1997)
Mali 50.5 (1994)
Mauritania 37.3 (1995)
Mauritius 37 (1987 est.)
Mexico 53.1 (1998)
Moldova 40.6 (1997)
Mongolia 44 (1998)
Morocco 39.5 (1998-99)
Mozambique 39.6 (1996-97)
Namibia 70 (2003)
Nepal 36.7 (FY95/96)
Netherlands 32.6 (1994)
Nicaragua 55.1 (2001)
Niger 50.5 (1995)
Nigeria 50.6 (1996-97)
Norway 25.8 (1995)
Pakistan 41 (FY98/99)
Panama 48.5 (1997)
Papua New Guinea 50.9 (1996)
Paraguay 57.7 (1998)
Peru 49.8 (2000)
Philippines 46.6 (2003)
Poland 31.6 (1998)
Portugal 35.6 (1994-95)
Romania 28.8 (2003)
Russia 39.9 (2001)
Rwanda 28.9 (1985)
Senegal 41.3 (1995)
Sierra Leone 62.9 (1989)
Slovakia 26.3 (1996)
Slovenia 28.4 (1998)
South Africa 59.3 (1993-94)
Spain 32.5 (1990)
Sri Lanka 34.4 (1995)
Sweden 25 (1992)
Switzerland 33.1 (1992)
Tajikistan 34.7 (1998)
Tanzania 38.2 (1993)
Thailand 51.1 (2002)
Tunisia 41.7 (1995)
Turkey 42 (2003)
Turkmenistan 40.8 (1998)
Uganda 37.4 (1996)
Ukraine 29 (1999)
United Kingdom 36.8 (1999)
United States 45 (2004)
Uruguay 44.8 (1999)
Uzbekistan 44.7 (1998)
Venezuela 49.5 (1998)
Vietnam 36.1 (1998)
Yemen 33.4 (1998)
Zambia 52.6 (1998)
Zimbabwe 50.1 (1995)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2173 Oil - production (bbl/day)
Afghanistan 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Albania 2,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Algeria 1.2 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
American Samoa 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Angola 980,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Argentina 755,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Armenia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Aruba 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Australia 537,500 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Austria 20,670 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan 312,800 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bahrain 44,000 bbl/day (2003)
Bangladesh 3,581 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Barbados 1,271 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Belarus 36,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Belgium 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Belize 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Benin 700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bermuda 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bhutan 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bolivia 39,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Botswana 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Brazil 1.788 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Brunei 204,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Bulgaria 603 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Burma 17,550 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Burundi 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cambodia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cameroon 94,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Canada 3.11 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Cape Verde 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Central African Republic 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Chad 200,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Chile 18,500 bbl/day (2003 est.)
China 3.392 million bbl/day (2003 est.)
Colombia 531,100 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Comoros 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 24,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 227,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Cook Islands 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Costa Rica 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 29,300 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Croatia 21,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Cuba 77,900 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Cyprus 300 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Czech Republic 7,419 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Denmark 346,200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Djibouti 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Dominica 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Ecuador 523,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Egypt 740,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
El Salvador 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 350,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Eritrea 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Estonia 5,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Ethiopia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
European Union 2.648 million bbl/day (2001)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Faroe Islands 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Fiji 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Finland 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
France 34,920 bbl/day (2001 est.)
French Guiana 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
French Polynesia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Gabon 264,900 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Gambia, The 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Georgia 2,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Germany 74,100 bbl/day (2003)
Ghana 7,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Gibraltar 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Greece 5,992 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Greenland 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Grenada 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guam 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guatemala 25,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Guinea 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guyana 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Haiti 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Honduras 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Hong Kong 0 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Hungary 41,190 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Iceland 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
India 780,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Indonesia 971,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Iran 3.962 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Iraq 2.25 million bbl/day (2004 est.); note - prewar production (in 2002) was 2.03 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Ireland 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Israel 80 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Italy 79,460 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Jamaica 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Japan 17,330 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Jordan 40 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 1.2 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Kenya 0 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Kiribati 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Korea, North 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Korea, South 0 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Kuwait 2.319 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 2,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Laos 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Latvia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Lebanon 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Lesotho 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Liberia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Libya 1.518 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Lithuania 4,594 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Luxembourg 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Macau 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Macedonia 0 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Madagascar 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Malawi 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Malaysia 785,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Maldives 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mali 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Malta 0 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Martinique 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mauritania 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mauritius 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mexico 3.46 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Moldova 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mongolia 542 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Montserrat 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Morocco 1,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Mozambique 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Namibia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Nauru 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Nepal 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Netherlands 46,200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
New Caledonia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
New Zealand 42,160 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Nicaragua 0 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Niger 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Nigeria 2.356 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Niue 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Norway 3.31 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oman 775,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Pakistan 61,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Panama 0 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea 46,200 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Paraguay 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Peru 95,500 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Philippines 26,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Poland 17,180 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Portugal 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Qatar 790,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Reunion 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Romania 128,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Russia 8.42 million bbl/day (2003 est.)
Rwanda 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Helena 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Samoa 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia 9.021 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Senegal 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 15,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Seychelles 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Singapore 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Slovakia 1,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Slovenia 20 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Somalia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
South Africa 196,200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Spain 7,099 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sudan 345,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Suriname 12,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Swaziland 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sweden 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Switzerland 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Syria 525,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Taiwan 500 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Tajikistan 250 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Tanzania 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Thailand 225,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Togo 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Tonga 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 140,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Tunisia 72,580 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Turkey 48,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan 162,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 0 bbl/day
Uganda 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Ukraine 72,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2.335 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 1.957 million bbl/day (2003 est.)
United States 7.8 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Uruguay 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan 143,300 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Vanuatu 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Venezuela 2.6 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Vietnam 359,400 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Western Sahara 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
World 76.01 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Yemen 417,500 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Zambia 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2174 Oil - consumption (bbl/day)
Afghanistan 3,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Albania 7,500 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Algeria 209,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
American Samoa 3,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Angola 31,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 3,600 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Argentina 486,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Armenia 5,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Aruba 6,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Australia 796,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Austria 262,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan 140,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The 23,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bahrain 40,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Bangladesh 71,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Barbados 10,900 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Belarus 285,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Belgium 595,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Belize 5,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Benin 11,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bermuda 4,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bhutan 1,020 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bolivia 49,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Botswana 16,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Brazil 2.199 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
British Virgin Islands 420 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Brunei 13,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Bulgaria 94,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso 8,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Burma 60,950 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Burundi 2,750 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cambodia 7,200 bbl/day (2002 est.)
Cameroon 22,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Canada 2.2 million bbl/day (2003 est.)
Cape Verde 2,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands 2,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Central African Republic 2,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Chad 1,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Chile 240,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
China 4.956 million bbl/day (2002 est.)
Colombia 252,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Comoros 700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 5,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cook Islands 450 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Costa Rica 37,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 32,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Croatia 89,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cuba 163,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 49,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Czech Republic 175,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Denmark 218,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Djibouti 11,300 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Dominica 600 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic 129,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Ecuador 129,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Egypt 562,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
El Salvador 39,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 2,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Eritrea 6,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Estonia 24,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Ethiopia 23,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
European Union 14.54 million bbl/day (2001)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Faroe Islands 4,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Fiji 5,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Finland 211,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
France 2.026 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
French Guiana 6,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
French Polynesia 4,750 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Gabon 13,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Gambia, The 1,900 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Georgia 31,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Germany 2.891 million bbl/day (2003)
Ghana 38,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Gibraltar 42,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Greece 405,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Greenland 3,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Grenada 1,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe 13,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guam 20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guatemala 61,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guinea 8,600 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 2,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Guyana 11,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Haiti 11,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Honduras 29,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Hong Kong 257,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Hungary 140,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Iceland 16,300 bbl/day (2001 est.)
India 2.13 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Indonesia 1.183 million bbl/day (2003 est.)
Iran 1.4 million bbl/day (2002 est.)
Iraq 383,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Ireland 174,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Israel 260,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Italy 1.866 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Jamaica 66,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Japan 5.29 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Jordan 103,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 189,400 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Kenya 57,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Kiribati 190 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Korea, North 85,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Korea, South 2.07 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Kuwait 293,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Laos 2,750 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Latvia 44,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Lebanon 107,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Lesotho 1,500 bbl/day (2001)
Liberia 3,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Libya 216,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Lithuania 72,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Luxembourg 50,650 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Macau 11,190 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Macedonia 22,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Madagascar 13,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Malawi 5,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Malaysia 460,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Maldives 3,200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mali 4,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Malta 20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Martinique 13,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mauritania 24,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mauritius 21,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mexico 1.752 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Moldova 24,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mongolia 11,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Montserrat 400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Morocco 167,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Mozambique 8,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Namibia 13,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Nauru 1,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Nepal 16,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Netherlands 895,300 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 72,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
New Caledonia 8,750 bbl/day (2001 est.)
New Zealand 132,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Nicaragua 25,770 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Niger 5,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Nigeria 275,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Niue 20 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Norway 171,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oman 54,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Pakistan 365,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Panama 40,520 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Papua New Guinea 15,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Paraguay 25,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Peru 161,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Philippines 338,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Poland 424,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Portugal 339,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico 190,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Qatar 30,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Reunion 18,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Romania 253,800 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Russia 2.31 million bbl/day (2003 est.)
Rwanda 5,300 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Helena 200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 710 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia 2,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 600 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1,250 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Samoa 1,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia 1.55 million bbl/day (2003)
Senegal 31,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 64,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Seychelles 4,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone 6,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Singapore 700,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Slovakia 82,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Slovenia 53,300 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands 1,250 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Somalia 4,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
South Africa 460,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Spain 1.497 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka 75,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sudan 70,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Suriname 14,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Swaziland 3,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Sweden 328,600 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Switzerland 290,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Syria 240,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Taiwan 988,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Tajikistan 20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Tanzania 17,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Thailand 785,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Togo 10,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Tonga 1,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 24,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Tunisia 87,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Turkey 619,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan 63,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 0 bbl/day
Uganda 8,750 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Ukraine 303,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates 310,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 1.692 million bbl/day (2003 est.)
United States 19.65 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Uruguay 41,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan 142,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Vanuatu 600 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Venezuela 500,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Vietnam 185,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Virgin Islands 66,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Western Sahara 1,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)
World 77.04 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Yemen 78,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Zambia 11,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe 23,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2175 Oil - imports (bbl/day)
Afghanistan NA
Albania 5,500 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Algeria NA
American Samoa NA
Angola NA
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina NA
Armenia NA
Aruba NA
Australia 530,800 bbl/day (2001)
Austria 262,000 bbl/day (2001)
Azerbaijan NA
Bahamas, The NA
Bahrain NA
Bangladesh NA
Barbados NA
Belarus 360,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Belgium 1.042 million bbl/day (2001)
Belize NA
Benin NA
Bermuda NA
Bhutan NA
Bolivia NA
Bosnia and Herzegovina NA
Botswana NA
Brazil NA
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei NA
Bulgaria NA
Burkina Faso NA
Burma 49,230 bbl/day (2003)
Burundi NA
Cambodia NA
Cameroon NA
Canada 987,000 bbl/day (2004)
Cape Verde NA
Cayman Islands NA
Central African Republic NA
Chad NA
Chile 221,500 bbl/day (2003 est.)
China 2.414 million bbl/day (2002)
Colombia NA
Comoros NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA
Congo, Republic of the NA
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica NA
Cote d'Ivoire NA
Croatia NA
Cuba NA
Cyprus NA
Czech Republic 192,300 bbl/day (2001)
Denmark 195,000 bbl/day (2001)
Djibouti NA
Dominica NA
Dominican Republic 129,900 bbl/day (2003)
Ecuador NA
Egypt NA
El Salvador NA
Equatorial Guinea NA
Eritrea NA
Estonia NA
Ethiopia NA
European Union 15.69 million bbl/day (2001)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji NA
Finland 318,300 bbl/day (2001)
France 2.281 million bbl/day (2001)
French Guiana NA
French Polynesia NA
Gabon NA
Gambia, The NA
Georgia NA
Germany 2.135 million bbl/day (2003)
Ghana NA
Gibraltar NA
Greece 468,300 bbl/day (2001)
Greenland NA
Grenada NA
Guadeloupe NA
Guam NA
Guatemala NA
Guinea NA
Guinea-Bissau NA
Guyana NA
Haiti NA
Honduras NA
Hong Kong NA
Hungary 136,600 bbl/day (2001)
Iceland 15,470 bbl/day (2001)
India NA
Indonesia 370,500 bbl/day (2003)
Iran NA
Iraq NA
Ireland 178,600 bbl/day (2001)
Israel NA
Italy 2.158 million bbl/day (2001)
Jamaica NA
Japan 5.449 million bbl/day (2001)
Jordan 100,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 47,000 bbl/day (2003)
Kenya NA
Kiribati NA
Korea, North 11,500 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Korea, South 2.263 million bbl/day (2003)
Kuwait NA
Kyrgyzstan NA
Laos NA
Latvia NA
Lebanon NA
Lesotho NA
Liberia NA
Libya NA
Lithuania NA
Luxembourg 50,700 bbl/day (2001)
Macau NA
Macedonia NA
Madagascar NA
Malawi NA
Malaysia NA
Maldives NA
Mali NA
Malta NA
Martinique NA
Mauritania NA
Mauritius NA
Mexico 205,000 bbl/day (2004)
Moldova NA
Mongolia 11,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Montserrat NA
Morocco NA
Mozambique NA
Namibia NA
Nauru NA
Nepal NA
Netherlands 2.284 million bbl/day (2001)
Netherlands Antilles NA
New Caledonia NA
New Zealand 119,700 bbl/day (2001)
Nicaragua 27,950 bbl/day (2003)
Niger NA
Nigeria NA
Niue NA
Norway 88,870 bbl/day (2001)
Oman NA
Pakistan NA
Panama NA
Papua New Guinea NA
Paraguay NA
Peru NA
Philippines 312,000 bbl/day (2003)
Poland 413,700 bbl/day (2001)
Portugal 357,300 bbl/day (2001)
Puerto Rico NA
Qatar NA
Reunion NA
Romania NA
Russia NA
Rwanda NA
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA
Samoa NA
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia 0 bbl/day (2003)
Senegal NA
Serbia and Montenegro NA
Seychelles NA
Sierra Leone NA
Singapore NA
Slovakia NA
Slovenia NA
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia NA
South Africa NA
Spain 1.582 million bbl/day (2001)
Sri Lanka NA
Sudan 0 bbl/day (2004)
Suriname 1,644 bbl/day (2003)
Swaziland NA
Sweden 553,100 bbl/day (2001)
Switzerland 289,500 bbl/day (2001)
Syria NA
Taiwan NA
Tajikistan NA
Tanzania NA
Thailand NA
Togo NA
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago NA
Tunisia NA
Turkey 616,500 bbl/day (2001)
Turkmenistan NA
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Uganda NA
Ukraine NA
United Arab Emirates 0 bbl/day (2004)
United Kingdom 1.084 million bbl/day (2003)
United States NA
Uruguay NA
Uzbekistan NA
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela NA
Vietnam NA
Virgin Islands NA
Western Sahara NA
Yemen NA
Zambia NA
Zimbabwe NA
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2176 Oil - exports (bbl/day)
Afghanistan NA
Albania 0 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Algeria NA
American Samoa NA
Angola NA
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina NA
Armenia NA
Aruba NA
Australia 523,400 bbl/day (2001)
Austria 35,470 bbl/day (2001)
Azerbaijan NA
Bahamas, The transhipments of 29,000 bbl/day (2003)
Bahrain NA
Bangladesh NA
Barbados NA
Belarus 14,500 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Belgium 450,000 bbl/day (2001)
Belize NA
Benin NA
Bermuda NA
Bhutan NA
Bolivia NA
Bosnia and Herzegovina NA
Botswana NA
Brazil NA
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei 199,000 bbl/day (2003)
Bulgaria NA
Burkina Faso NA
Burma 3,356 bbl/day (2003)
Burundi NA
Cambodia NA
Cameroon NA
Canada 1.37 million bbl/day (2004)
Cape Verde NA
Cayman Islands NA
Central African Republic NA
Chad NA
Chile 0 bbl/day (2003)
China 427,800 bbl/day (2002)
Colombia NA
Comoros NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA
Congo, Republic of the NA
Cook Islands NA
Costa Rica NA
Cote d'Ivoire NA
Croatia NA
Cuba NA
Cyprus NA
Czech Republic 26,670 bbl/day (2001)
Denmark 332,100 bbl/day (2001)
Djibouti NA
Dominica NA
Dominican Republic NA
Ecuador 387,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Egypt NA
El Salvador NA
Equatorial Guinea NA
Eritrea NA
Estonia NA
Ethiopia NA
European Union 5.322 million bbl/day (2001)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji NA
Finland 101,000 bbl/day (2001)
France 409,600 bbl/day (2001)
French Guiana NA
French Polynesia NA
Gabon NA
Gambia, The NA
Georgia NA
Germany 12,990 bbl/day (2003)
Ghana NA
Gibraltar NA
Greece 84,720 bbl/day (2001)
Greenland NA
Grenada NA
Guadeloupe NA
Guam NA
Guatemala 3,104 bbl/day (2003)
Guinea NA
Guinea-Bissau NA
Guyana NA
Haiti NA
Honduras NA
Hong Kong NA
Hungary 47,180 bbl/day (2001)
Iceland 0 bbl/day (2001)
India NA
Indonesia 518,100 bbl/day (2003)
Iran 2.5 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Iraq 1.49 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Ireland 27,450 bbl/day (2001)
Israel NA
Italy 456,600 bbl/day (2001)
Jamaica NA
Japan 93,360 bbl/day (2001)
Jordan 0 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 890,000 bbl/day (2003)
Kenya NA
Kiribati NA
Korea, North NA
Korea, South 630,100 bbl/day (2003)
Kuwait 1.97 million bbl/day (2003)
Kyrgyzstan NA
Laos NA
Latvia NA
Lebanon NA
Lesotho NA
Libya NA
Lithuania NA
Luxembourg 634 bbl/day (2001)
Macau NA
Macedonia NA
Madagascar NA
Malawi NA
Malaysia 230,200 bbl/day (2003)
Maldives NA
Mali NA
Malta NA
Martinique NA
Mauritania NA
Mauritius NA
Mexico 1.863 million bbl/day (2004)
Moldova NA
Mongolia 497 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Montserrat NA
Morocco NA
Mozambique NA
Namibia NA
Nauru NA
Nepal NA
Netherlands 1.418 million bbl/day (2001)
Netherlands Antilles NA
New Caledonia NA
New Zealand 30,220 bbl/day (2001)
Nicaragua 738 bbl/day (2003)
Niger NA
Nigeria NA
Niue NA
Norway 3.466 million bbl/day (2001)
Oman 721,000 bbl/day (2004)
Pakistan NA
Panama NA
Papua New Guinea NA
Paraguay NA
Peru 49,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Philippines 0 bbl/day (2001)
Poland 53,000 bbl/day (2001)
Portugal 28,830 bbl/day (2001)
Puerto Rico NA
Qatar NA
Reunion NA
Romania NA
Russia 6.11 million bbl/day (2003)
Rwanda NA
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA
Samoa NA
Sao Tome and Principe NA
Saudi Arabia 7.92 million bbl/day (2003)
Senegal NA
Serbia and Montenegro NA
Seychelles NA
Sierra Leone NA
Singapore NA
Slovakia NA
Slovenia NA
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia NA
South Africa NA
Spain 135,100 bbl/day (2001)
Sri Lanka NA
Sudan 275,000 bbl/day (2004)
Suriname 1,370 bbl/day (2003)
Swaziland NA
Sweden 203,700 bbl/day (2001)
Switzerland 10,420 bbl/day (2001)
Syria 285,000 bbl/day (2004)
Taiwan NA
Tajikistan NA
Tanzania NA
Thailand NA
Togo NA
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago NA
Tunisia NA
Turkey 46,110 bbl/day (2001)
Turkmenistan NA
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Uganda NA
Ukraine NA
United Arab Emirates 2.5 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 1.498 million bbl/day (2001)
United States NA
Uruguay NA
Uzbekistan NA
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela 2.1 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Vietnam NA
Virgin Islands NA
Western Sahara NA
Yemen 370,300 bbl/day (2003)
Zambia NA
Zimbabwe NA
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2177 Median age (years)
Afghanistan total: 17.56 years male: 17.55 years female: 17.57 years (2005 est.)
Albania total: 28.52 years male: 27.95 years female: 29.1 years (2005 est.)
Algeria total: 24.36 years male: 24.18 years female: 24.53 years (2005 est.)
American Samoa total: 22.76 years male: 22.5 years female: 23.05 years (2005 est.)
Andorra total: 40.34 years male: 40.63 years female: 40.02 years (2005 est.)
Angola total: 18.12 years male: 18.12 years female: 18.11 years (2005 est.)
Anguilla total: 30.76 years male: 30.81 years female: 30.7 years (2005 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda total: 29.67 years male: 29.19 years female: 30.15 years (2005 est.)
Argentina total: 29.42 years male: 28.52 years female: 30.4 years (2005 est.)
Armenia total: 30.07 years male: 27.45 years female: 32.84 years (2005 est.)
Aruba total: 38 years male: 36.07 years female: 39.7 years (2005 est.)
Australia total: 36.56 years male: 35.74 years female: 37.4 years (2005 est.)
Austria total: 40.44 years male: 39.3 years female: 41.61 years (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan total: 27.53 years male: 26.09 years female: 29 years (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The total: 27.55 years male: 26.78 years female: 28.34 years (2005 est.)
Bahrain total: 29.19 years male: 32.16 years female: 25.54 years (2005 est.)
Bangladesh total: 21.87 years male: 21.88 years female: 21.85 years (2005 est.)
Barbados total: 34.15 years male: 32.99 years female: 35.28 years (2005 est.)
Belarus total: 37.03 years male: 34.32 years female: 39.7 years (2005 est.)
Belgium total: 40.55 years male: 39.29 years female: 41.81 years (2005 est.)
Belize total: 19.35 years male: 19.21 years female: 19.49 years (2005 est.)
Benin total: 16.56 years male: 16.12 years female: 17.01 years (2005 est.)
Bermuda total: 39.76 years male: 38.78 years female: 40.58 years (2005 est.)
Bhutan total: 20.27 years male: 20.11 years female: 20.44 years (2005 est.)
Bolivia total: 21.47 years male: 20.79 years female: 22.17 years (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 36.21 years male: 35.81 years female: 36.63 years (2005 est.)
Botswana total: 19.29 years male: 18.64 years female: 19.93 years (2005 est.)
Brazil total: 27.81 years male: 27.06 years female: 28.57 years (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands total: 30.9 years male: 31.1 years female: 30.7 years (2005 est.)
Brunei total: 27.04 years male: 27.63 years female: 26.4 years (2005 est.)
Bulgaria total: 40.66 years male: 38.59 years female: 42.66 years (2005 est.)
Burkina Faso total: 16.82 years male: 16.43 years female: 17.22 years (2005 est.)
Burma total: 26.14 years male: 25.57 years female: 26.72 years (2005 est.)
Burundi total: 16.6 years male: 16.27 years female: 16.95 years (2005 est.)
Cambodia total: 19.91 years male: 19.16 years female: 20.79 years (2005 est.)
Cameroon total: 18.6 years male: 18.45 years female: 18.76 years (2005 est.)
Canada total: 38.54 years male: 37.54 years female: 39.56 years (2005 est.)
Cape Verde total: 19.4 years male: 18.62 years female: 20.25 years (2005 est.)
Cayman Islands total: 36.83 years male: 36.48 years female: 37.18 years (2005 est.)
Central African Republic total: 18.12 years male: 17.75 years female: 18.5 years (2005 est.)
Chad total: 16.02 years male: 15.32 years female: 16.71 years (2005 est.)
Chile total: 30.07 years male: 29.17 years female: 31.05 years (2005 est.)
China total: 32.26 years male: 31.87 years female: 32.67 years (2005 est.)
Colombia total: 26.04 years male: 25.14 years female: 26.93 years (2005 est.)
Comoros total: 18.61 years male: 18.35 years female: 18.87 years (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 15.8 years male: 15.4 years female: 16.2 years (2005 est.)
Congo, Republic of the total: 20.7 years male: 20.2 years female: 21.1 years (2005 est.)
Costa Rica total: 26.03 years male: 25.59 years female: 26.5 years (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire total: 19.05 years male: 19.36 years female: 18.76 years (2005 est.)
Croatia total: 39.97 years male: 38.01 years female: 41.76 years (2005 est.)
Cuba total: 35.36 years male: 34.73 years female: 35.98 years (2005 est.)
Cyprus total: 34.68 years male: 33.64 years female: 35.7 years (2005 est.)
Czech Republic total: 38.97 years male: 37.2 years female: 40.82 years (2005 est.)
Denmark total: 39.47 years male: 38.55 years female: 40.4 years (2005 est.)
Djibouti total: 18.23 years male: 18.77 years female: 17.69 years (2005 est.)
Dominica total: 29.59 years male: 29.26 years female: 29.95 years (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic total: 23.88 years male: 23.68 years female: 24.09 years (2005 est.)
East Timor total: 20.41 years male: 20.46 years female: 20.35 years (2005 est.)
Ecuador total: 23.27 years male: 22.82 years female: 23.74 years (2005 est.)
Egypt total: 23.68 years male: 23.31 years female: 24.05 years (2005 est.)
El Salvador total: 21.57 years male: 20.44 years female: 22.69 years (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea total: 18.83 years male: 18.2 years female: 19.46 years (2005 est.)
Eritrea total: 17.54 years male: 17.35 years female: 17.73 years (2005 est.)
Estonia total: 39.06 years male: 35.52 years female: 42.35 years (2005 est.)
Ethiopia total: 17.75 years male: 17.64 years female: 17.85 years (2005 est.)
European Union NA
Faroe Islands total: 35.11 years male: 34.64 years female: 35.68 years (2005 est.)
Fiji total: 24.28 years male: 23.84 years female: 24.74 years (2005 est.)
Finland total: 40.97 years male: 39.43 years female: 42.52 years (2005 est.)
France total: 38.85 years male: 37.3 years female: 40.39 years (2005 est.)
French Guiana total: 28.45 years male: 29.49 years female: 27.31 years (2005 est.)
French Polynesia total: 27.48 years male: 27.84 years female: 27.1 years (2005 est.)
Gabon total: 18.57 years male: 18.34 years female: 18.8 years (2005 est.)
Gambia, The total: 17.59 years male: 17.45 years female: 17.74 years (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip total: 15.65 years male: 15.5 years female: 15.81 years (2005 est.)
Georgia total: 37.36 years male: 34.93 years female: 39.7 years (2005 est.)
Germany total: 42.16 years male: 40.88 years female: 43.53 years (2005 est.)
Ghana total: 20.45 years male: 20.2 years female: 20.7 years (2005 est.)
Gibraltar total: 39.4 years male: 39.12 years female: 39.63 years (2005 est.)
Greece total: 40.5 years male: 39.39 years female: 41.65 years (2005 est.)
Greenland total: 33.83 years male: 35.15 years female: 32.14 years (2005 est.)
Grenada total: 21.26 years male: 21.73 years female: 20.76 years (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe total: 31.81 years male: 30.91 years female: 32.73 years (2005 est.)
Guam total: 28.38 years male: 28.16 years female: 28.61 years (2005 est.)
Guatemala total: 18.47 years male: 18.25 years female: 18.71 years (2005 est.)
Guernsey total: 40.99 years male: 40.03 years female: 41.91 years (2005 est.)
Guinea total: 17.67 years male: 17.42 years female: 17.93 years (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau total: 18.97 years male: 18.37 years female: 19.57 years (2005 est.)
Guyana total: 26.91 years male: 26.44 years female: 27.4 years (2005 est.)
Haiti total: 18.03 years male: 17.63 years female: 18.44 years (2005 est.)
Honduras total: 19.15 years male: 18.75 years female: 19.56 years (2005 est.)
Hong Kong total: 39.4 years male: 39.3 years female: 39.6 years (2005 est.)
Hungary total: 38.57 years male: 36.1 years female: 41.24 years (2005 est.)
Iceland total: 34 years male: 33.53 years female: 34.49 years (2005 est.)
India total: 24.66 years male: 24.64 years female: 24.67 years (2005 est.)
Indonesia total: 26.48 years male: 26.03 years female: 26.93 years (2005 est.)
Iran total: 24.23 years male: 24.03 years female: 24.44 years (2005 est.)
Iraq total: 19.43 years male: 19.35 years female: 19.51 years (2005 est.)
Ireland total: 33.7 years male: 32.9 years female: 34.49 years (2005 est.)
Israel total: 29.39 years male: 28.58 years female: 30.27 years (2005 est.)
Italy total: 41.77 years male: 40.24 years female: 43.35 years (2005 est.)
Jamaica total: 27.25 years male: 26.55 years female: 27.97 years (2005 est.)
Japan total: 42.64 years male: 40.87 years female: 44.44 years (2005 est.)
Jersey total: 40.89 years male: 40.13 years female: 41.63 years (2005 est.)
Jordan total: 22.62 years male: 23.25 years female: 21.94 years (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan total: 28.52 years male: 26.92 years female: 30.25 years (2005 est.)
Kenya total: 18.19 years male: 18.08 years female: 18.3 years (2005 est.)
Kiribati total: 20.05 years male: 19.61 years female: 20.58 years (2005 est.)
Korea, North total: 31.74 years male: 30.47 years female: 33 years (2005 est.)
Korea, South total: 34.51 years male: 33.53 years female: 35.53 years (2005 est.)
Kuwait total: 25.86 years male: 28.05 years female: 22.12 years (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan total: 23.39 years male: 22.52 years female: 24.27 years (2005 est.)
Laos total: 18.74 years male: 18.42 years female: 19.08 years (2005 est.)
Latvia total: 39.12 years male: 35.95 years female: 42.15 years (2005 est.)
Lebanon total: 27.34 years male: 26.28 years female: 28.43 years (2005 est.)
Lesotho total: 20.19 years male: 19.68 years female: 20.74 years (2005 est.)
Liberia total: 18.06 years male: 17.69 years female: 18.42 years (2005 est.)
Libya total: 22.68 years male: 22.8 years female: 22.56 years (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein total: 39.22 years male: 38.74 years female: 39.68 years (2005 est.)
Lithuania total: 37.83 years male: 35.25 years female: 40.46 years (2005 est.)
Luxembourg total: 38.51 years male: 37.56 years female: 39.48 years (2005 est.)
Macau total: 35.2 years male: 34.9 years female: 35.4 years (2005 est.)
Macedonia total: 32.8 years male: 31.7 years female: 33.9 years (2005 est.)
Madagascar total: 17.46 years male: 17.24 years female: 17.67 years (2005 est.)
Malawi total: 16.34 years male: 16.04 years female: 16.65 years (2005 est.)
Malaysia total: 23.92 years male: 23.32 years female: 24.54 years (2005 est.)
Maldives total: 17.69 years male: 17.58 years female: 17.8 years (2005 est.)
Mali total: 16.35 years male: 15.79 years female: 16.92 years (2005 est.)
Malta total: 38.36 years male: 36.91 years female: 39.84 years (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of total: 39.48 years male: 38.16 years female: 40.89 years (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands total: 19.95 years male: 19.98 years female: 19.92 years (2005 est.)
Martinique total: 33.61 years male: 32.95 years female: 34.28 years (2005 est.)
Mauritania total: 16.98 years male: 16.71 years female: 17.24 years (2005 est.)
Mauritius total: 30.5 years male: 29.65 years female: 31.46 years (2005 est.)
Mayotte total: 16.96 years male: 18.04 years female: 15.87 years (2005 est.)
Mexico total: 24.93 years male: 24.04 years female: 25.85 years (2005 est.)
Moldova total: 32.22 years male: 30.14 years female: 34.27 years (2005 est.)
Monaco total: 45.25 years male: 43.27 years female: 47.19 years (2005 est.)
Mongolia total: 24.28 years male: 23.93 years female: 24.64 years (2005 est.)
Montserrat total: 28.56 years male: 28.29 years female: 28.79 years (2005 est.)
Morocco total: 23.61 years male: 23.11 years female: 24.13 years (2005 est.)
Mozambique total: 18.29 years male: 17.74 years female: 18.83 years (2005 est.)
Namibia total: 19.79 years male: 19.63 years female: 19.94 years (2005 est.)
Nauru total: 20.24 years male: 19.76 years female: 20.78 years (2005 est.)
Nepal total: 20.07 years male: 19.91 years female: 20.24 years (2005 est.)
Netherlands total: 39.04 years male: 38.22 years female: 39.9 years (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles total: 32.46 years male: 30.86 years female: 34.01 years (2005 est.)
New Caledonia total: 27.5 years male: 27.16 years female: 27.84 years (2005 est.)
New Zealand total: 33.65 years male: 32.92 years female: 34.4 years (2005 est.)
Nicaragua total: 20.56 years male: 20.15 years female: 20.98 years (2005 est.)
Niger total: 16.25 years male: 15.8 years female: 16.72 years (2005 est.)
Nigeria total: 18.63 years male: 18.71 years female: 18.55 years (2005 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands total: 29.33 years male: 31.54 years female: 28.33 years (2005 est.)
Norway total: 38.17 years male: 37.29 years female: 39.07 years (2005 est.)
Oman total: 19.13 years male: 21.88 years female: 16.45 years (2005 est.)
Pakistan total: 19.58 years male: 19.44 years female: 19.74 years (2005 est.)
Palau total: 31.43 years male: 32.4 years female: 30.36 years (2005 est.)
Panama total: 26.18 years male: 25.89 years female: 26.48 years (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea total: 21.09 years male: 21.25 years female: 20.93 years (2005 est.)
Paraguay total: 21.2 years male: 20.94 years female: 21.46 years (2005 est.)
Peru total: 24.95 years male: 24.69 years female: 25.21 years (2005 est.)
Philippines total: 22.27 years male: 21.77 years female: 22.8 years (2005 est.)
Poland total: 36.43 years male: 34.52 years female: 38.49 years (2005 est.)
Portugal total: 38.2 years male: 36.06 years female: 40.33 years (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico total: 34.23 years male: 32.5 years female: 35.87 years (2005 est.)
Qatar total: 31.57 years male: 36.87 years female: 22.33 years (2005 est.)
Reunion total: 26.72 years male: 25.53 years female: 27.92 years (2005 est.)
Romania total: 36.39 years male: 35.04 years female: 37.77 years (2005 est.)
Russia total: 38.15 years male: 34.99 years female: 41.03 years (2005 est.)
Rwanda total: 18.48 years male: 18.26 years female: 18.7 years (2005 est.)
Saint Helena total: 35.4 years male: 35.61 years female: 35.21 years (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 27.6 years male: 26.78 years female: 28.38 years (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia total: 24.81 years male: 24.03 years female: 25.66 years (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon total: 33.7 years male: 33.39 years female: 33.96 years (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 26.36 years male: 26.21 years female: 26.53 years (2005 est.)
Samoa total: 24.59 years male: 27.42 years female: 21.42 years (2005 est.)
San Marino total: 40.29 years male: 39.91 years female: 40.65 years (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe total: 16.12 years male: 15.53 years female: 16.71 years (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia total: 21.28 years male: 22.84 years female: 19.28 years (2005 est.)
Senegal total: 18.15 years male: 17.6 years female: 18.7 years (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro total: 36.79 years male: 35.3 years female: 38.29 years (2005 est.)
Seychelles total: 27.7 years male: 26.62 years female: 28.76 years (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone total: 17.53 years male: 17.2 years female: 17.84 years (2005 est.)
Singapore total: 36.76 years male: 36.4 years female: 37.07 years (2005 est.)
Slovakia total: 35.43 years male: 33.85 years female: 37.25 years (2005 est.)
Slovenia total: 40.23 years male: 38.65 years female: 41.75 years (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands total: 18.63 years male: 18.5 years female: 18.76 years (2005 est.)
Somalia total: 17.59 years male: 17.53 years female: 17.65 years (2005 est.)
South Africa total: 23.98 years male: 23.12 years female: 24.86 years (2005 est.)
Spain total: 39.51 years male: 38.18 years female: 40.93 years (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka total: 29.44 years male: 28.38 years female: 30.51 years (2005 est.)
Sudan total: 18.07 years male: 17.86 years female: 18.29 years (2005 est.)
Suriname total: 26.13 years male: 25.72 years female: 26.58 years (2005 est.)
Swaziland total: 18.72 years male: 18.53 years female: 18.92 years (2005 est.)
Sweden total: 40.6 years male: 39.49 years female: 41.75 years (2005 est.)
Switzerland total: 39.77 years male: 38.75 years female: 40.81 years (2005 est.)
Syria total: 20.37 years male: 20.24 years female: 20.51 years (2005 est.)
Taiwan total: 34.14 years male: 33.71 years female: 34.57 years (2005 est.)
Tajikistan total: 19.73 years male: 19.45 years female: 20.02 years (2005 est.)
Tanzania total: 17.62 years male: 17.36 years female: 17.89 years (2005 est.)
Thailand total: 30.88 years male: 30.11 years female: 31.66 years (2005 est.)
Togo total: 17.78 years male: 17.42 years female: 18.14 years (2005 est.)
Tonga total: 20.46 years male: 19.93 years female: 21.02 years (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago total: 30.91 years male: 30.46 years female: 31.44 years (2005 est.)
Tunisia total: 27.29 years male: 26.78 years female: 27.82 years (2005 est.)
Turkey total: 27.7 years male: 27.52 years female: 27.89 years (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan total: 21.56 years male: 20.68 years female: 22.44 years (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands total: 27.35 years male: 28.08 years female: 26.62 years (2005 est.)
Tuvalu total: 24.45 years male: 23.36 years female: 25.85 years (2005 est.)
Uganda total: 14.97 years male: 14.87 years female: 15.08 years (2005 est.)
Ukraine total: 38.22 years male: 34.91 years female: 41.21 years (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates total: 27.9 years male: 35.2 years female: 22.9 years (2005 est.)
United Kingdom total: 38.99 years male: 37.89 years female: 40.13 years (2005 est.)
United States total: 36.27 years male: 34.94 years female: 37.6 years (2005 est.)
Uruguay total: 32.46 years male: 31.02 years female: 33.95 years (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan total: 22.36 years male: 21.74 years female: 23 years (2005 est.)
Vanuatu total: 22.64 years male: 22.68 years female: 22.59 years (2005 est.)
Venezuela total: 25.6 years male: 24.98 years female: 26.24 years (2005 est.)
Vietnam total: 25.51 years male: 24.47 years female: 26.68 years (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands total: 36.52 years male: 35.6 years female: 37.33 years (2005 est.)
West Bank total: 18.14 years male: 17.99 years female: 18.3 years (2005 est.)
World total: 27.6 years male: 27 years female: 28.2 years (2005 est.)
Yemen total: 16.54 years male: 16.53 years female: 16.56 years (2005 est.)
Zambia total: 16.46 years male: 16.26 years female: 16.67 years (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe total: 19.26 years male: 19.28 years female: 19.24 years (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2178 Oil - proved reserves (bbl)
Afghanistan 0 bbl (1 January 2002)
Albania 185.5 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Algeria 11.87 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Angola 22.88 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Argentina 2.9 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Australia 3.664 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Austria 85.69 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Azerbaijan 589 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Bahrain 126 million bbl (2004 est.)
Bangladesh 28.45 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Barbados 1.254 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Benin 4.105 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Bolivia 458.8 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Brazil 13.9 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Brunei 1.255 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Bulgaria 8.1 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Burma 3.2 billion bbl (2003)
Cameroon 80 million bbl (2004 est.)
Canada 178.9 billion bbl including shale oil (2004 est.)
Chile 150 million bbl (1 January 2004)
China 17.74 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Colombia 1.7 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1.538 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Congo, Republic of the 93.5 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 220 million bbl (2004 est.)
Croatia 93.6 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Cuba 532 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Czech Republic 17.25 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Denmark 1.23 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Ecuador 4.408 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Egypt 2.7 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 563.5 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Ethiopia 214,000 bbl (1 January 2002)
European Union 28.21 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
France 144.3 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Gabon 2.022 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Germany 395.8 million bbl (1 January 2004)
Ghana 8.255 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Greece 4.5 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Guatemala 263 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Hungary 110.7 million bbl (1 January 2002)
India 5.7 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Indonesia 4.9 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Iran 130.8 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Iraq 112.5 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Ireland 0 bbl (1 January 2002)
Israel 1.92 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Italy 586.6 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Japan 29.29 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Jordan 445,000 bbl (1 January 2002)
Kazakhstan 26 billion bbl (1 January 2004)
Kuwait 96.5 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Libya 38 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Madagascar 0 bbl (1 January 2002)
Malaysia 3.2 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Mexico 18 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Morocco 300 million bbl (2004 est.)
Mozambique 0 bbl (1 January 2002)
Namibia 0 bbl (1 January 2002)
Netherlands 88.06 million bbl (1 January 2002)
New Zealand 89.62 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Nigeria 34 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Norway 9.859 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Oman 5.5 billion bbl (2003 est.)
Pakistan 325.5 million bbl (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea 170 million bbl (2004 est.)
Peru 408.8 million bbl (2004 est.)
Philippines 152 million bbl (1 January 2004)
Poland 116.4 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Qatar 16 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Romania 1.055 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Russia 69 billion bbl (2003 est.)
Rwanda 0 bbl (1 January 2002)
Saudi Arabia 261.7 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 38.75 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Slovakia 4.5 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Somalia 0 bbl (1 January 2002)
South Africa 7.84 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Spain 10.5 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Sudan 1.6 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Suriname 99 million bbl (2004)
Syria 2.5 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Taiwan 2.9 million bbl (2004 est.)
Tanzania 0 bbl (1 January 2002)
Thailand 600 million bbl (1 January 2003)
Trinidad and Tobago 990 million bbl (1 January 2004)
Tunisia 1.7 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Turkey 288.4 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Turkmenistan 273 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Ukraine 395 million bbl (9 November 2004)
United Arab Emirates 97.8 billion bbl (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 25.41 billion bbl (2003)
United States 22.45 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Uzbekistan 297 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Venezuela 78 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Vietnam 650 million bbl (2004 est.)
World 1.025 trillion bbl (1 January 2002 est.)
Yemen 4 billion bbl (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2179 Natural gas - proved reserves (cu m)
Afghanistan 49.98 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Albania 3.316 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Algeria 4.739 trillion cu m (2004)
Angola 79.57 billion cu m (2004)
Argentina 768 billion cu m (2004)
Australia 2.407 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
Austria 24.9 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Azerbaijan 62.3 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Bahrain 46 billion cu m (2004)
Bangladesh 150.3 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Barbados 70.79 million cu m (1 January 2002)
Benin 608.8 million cu m (1 January 2002)
Bolivia 727.2 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Brazil 221.7 billion cu m (2004)
Brunei 315 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Bulgaria 3.724 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Burma 2.46 trillion cu m (2003)
Cameroon 55.22 billion cu m (2004)
Canada 1.691 trillion cu m (2004)
Chile 99.05 billion cu m (1 January 2004)
China 2.23 trillion cu m (2004)
Colombia 132 billion cu m (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 104.8 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Congo, Republic of the 495.5 million cu m (1 January 2002)
Cote d'Ivoire 14.87 billion cu m (2004)
Croatia 34.36 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Cuba 42.62 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Czech Republic 3.057 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Denmark 81.98 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Ecuador 106.5 billion cu m (2004)
Egypt 1.264 trillion cu m (2004)
Equatorial Guinea 68.53 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Ethiopia 12.46 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
European Union 3.256 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
France 12.86 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Gabon 66.47 billion cu m (2004)
Germany 293 billion cu m (1 January 2004)
Ghana 11.89 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Greece 254.9 million cu m (1 January 2002)
Guatemala 1.543 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Hungary 50.45 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
India 542.4 billion cu m (2004)
Indonesia 2.549 trillion cu m (2004)
Iran 26.7 trillion cu m (2004)
Iraq 3.149 trillion cu m (2004)
Ireland 9.911 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Israel 20.81 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Italy 209.7 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Japan 20.02 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Jordan 3.256 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Kazakhstan 1.8 trillion cu m (1 January 2004)
Kuwait 1.548 trillion cu m (2004)
Libya 1.321 trillion cu m (2004)
Madagascar 0 cu m (1 January 2002)
Malaysia 2.23 trillion cu m (2004)
Mexico 420 billion cu m (2004)
Morocco 665.4 million cu m (2004)
Mozambique 63.71 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Namibia 31.15 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Netherlands 1.693 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
New Zealand 58.94 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Nigeria 4.007 trillion cu m (2004)
Norway 1.716 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
Oman 829.7 billion cu m (2003)
Pakistan 695.6 billion cu m (2004)
Papua New Guinea 385.5 billion cu m (2004)
Peru 245.1 billion cu m (2004)
Philippines 107.6 billion cu m (1 January 2004)
Poland 154.4 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Qatar 14.41 trillion cu m (2004)
Romania 111.1 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Russia 47 trillion cu m (2003)
Rwanda 28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Saudi Arabia 6.339 trillion cu m (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro 24.07 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Slovakia 7.504 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Somalia 2.832 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
South Africa 14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Spain 254.9 million cu m (1 January 2002)
Sudan 99.11 billion cu m (2004)
Suriname 0 cu m (2004)
Syria 240.7 billion cu m (2004)
Taiwan 38.23 billion cu m (2004)
Tanzania 11.33 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Thailand 368.2 billion cu m (1 January 2003)
Trinidad and Tobago 589 billion cu m (1 January 2004)
Tunisia 77.16 billion cu m (2004)
Turkey 8.685 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Turkmenistan 1.43 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
Ukraine 560.7 billion cu m (9 November 2004)
United Arab Emirates 6.06 trillion cu m (2004)
United Kingdom 714.9 billion cu m (2003)
United States 5.195 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
Uzbekistan 937.3 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Venezuela 4.19 trillion cu m (2004)
Vietnam 192.6 billion cu m (2004)
World 161.2 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
Yemen 480 billion cu m (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2180 Natural gas - production (cu m)
Afghanistan 220 million cu m (2001 est.)
Albania 30 million cu m (2001 est.)
Algeria 80.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Angola 530 million cu m (2001 est.)
Argentina 37.15 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Armenia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Australia 33.08 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Austria 1.731 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan 5.72 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bahrain 32.7 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Bangladesh 9.9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Barbados 29.17 million cu m (2001 est.)
Belarus 250 million cu m (2004 est.)
Belgium 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Bolivia 8.44 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Brazil 5.95 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Brunei 10.35 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bulgaria 4 million cu m (2001 est.)
Burma 9.98 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Cameroon 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Canada 165.8 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Chile 1.18 billion cu m (2002 est.)
China 35 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Colombia 5.7 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 1.35 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Croatia 1.76 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Cuba 600 million cu m (2001 est.)
Czech Republic 160 million cu m (2001 est.)
Denmark 8.38 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Ecuador 160 million cu m (2001 est.)
Egypt 21.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 20 million cu m (2001 est.)
Estonia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
European Union 242.6 billion cu m (2001)
Finland 0 cu m (2001 est.)
France 1.898 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gabon 80 million cu m (2001 est.)
Georgia 60 million cu m (2001 est.)
Germany 21 billion cu m (2003)
Greece 35 million cu m (2001 est.)
Hong Kong NA
Hungary 3.231 billion cu m (2001 est.)
India 22.75 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Indonesia 77.6 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Iran 79 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Iraq 2.35 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Ireland 815 million cu m (2001 est.)
Israel 10 million cu m (2001 est.)
Italy 15.49 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Japan 2.519 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Jordan 290 million cu m (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan 11.6 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Korea, South 0 cu m (2003 est.)
Kuwait 8.7 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 16 million cu m (2001 est.)
Latvia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Libya 6.18 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Lithuania 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Luxembourg 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Malaysia 53.66 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Mexico 47.3 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Moldova 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Morocco 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
Mozambique 60 million cu m (2001 est.)
Netherlands 77.75 billion cu m (2001 est.)
New Zealand 6.504 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Nigeria 15.68 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Norway 54.6 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Oman 13.77 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Pakistan 23.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea 110 million cu m (2001 est.)
Peru 910 million cu m (2004 est.)
Philippines 2.5 million cu m (2004 est.)
Poland 5.471 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Portugal 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Qatar 32.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Romania 12.6 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Russia 578.6 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Saudi Arabia 56.4 billion cu m (2002)
Senegal 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 602 million cu m (2001 est.)
Singapore 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Slovakia 190 million cu m (2003 est.)
Slovenia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
South Africa 1.8 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Spain 516 million cu m (2001 est.)
Sweden 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Switzerland 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Syria 5.84 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Taiwan 750 million cu m (2001 est.)
Tajikistan 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
Thailand 18.73 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 25 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Tunisia 2.25 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Turkey 312 million cu m (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan 58.57 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Ukraine 19.6 billion cu m (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates 44.4 billion cu m (2003 est.)
United Kingdom 105.9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
United States 548.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Uruguay 0 cu m (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan 63.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Venezuela 29.4 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Vietnam 1.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
World 2.637 trillion cu m (2001 est.)
Yemen 0 cu m (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2181 Natural gas - consumption (cu m)
Afghanistan 220 million cu m (2001 est.)
Albania 30 million cu m (2001 est.)
Algeria 22.32 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Angola 530 million cu m (2001 est.)
Argentina 31.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Armenia 1.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Australia 23.33 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Austria 7.81 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan 6.72 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bahrain 32.7 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Bangladesh 9.9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Barbados 29.17 million cu m (2001 est.)
Belarus 18.8 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Belgium 15.5 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bolivia 1.15 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 300 million cu m (2001 est.)
Brazil 9.59 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Brunei 1.35 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bulgaria 5.804 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Burma 1.569 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Cameroon 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Canada 55.8 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Chile 6.517 billion cu m (2002 est.)
China 29.18 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Colombia 5.7 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 1.35 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Croatia 2.84 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Cuba 600 million cu m (2001 est.)
Czech Republic 9.892 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Denmark 5.28 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Ecuador 160 million cu m (2001 est.)
Egypt 21.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 20 million cu m (2001 est.)
Estonia 1.27 billion cu m (2001 est.)
European Union 467.7 billion cu m (2001)
Finland 4.557 billion cu m (2001 est.)
France 42.01 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gabon 80 million cu m (2001 est.)
Georgia 1.16 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Germany 99.55 billion cu m (2003)
Greece 2.021 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Hong Kong 680.9 million cu m (2001 est.)
Hungary 13.37 billion cu m (2001 est.)
India 22.75 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Indonesia 55.3 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Iran 72.4 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Iraq 2.35 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Ireland 4.199 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Israel 10 million cu m (2001 est.)
Italy 71.18 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Japan 80.42 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Jordan 290 million cu m (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan 14.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Korea, South 20.92 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Kuwait 8.7 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 2.016 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Latvia 1.7 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Libya 5.41 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Lithuania 2.76 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Luxembourg 865 million cu m (2001 est.)
Malaysia 31.25 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Mexico 55.1 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Moldova 2.05 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Morocco 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
Mozambique 60 million cu m (2001 est.)
Netherlands 49.72 billion cu m (2001 est.)
New Zealand 6.504 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Nigeria 7.85 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Norway 4.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Oman 6.34 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Pakistan 23.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea 110 million cu m (2001 est.)
Peru 910 million cu m (2004 est.)
Philippines 25 million cu m (2004 est.)
Poland 13.85 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Portugal 2.542 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico 630 million cu m (2001 est.)
Qatar 15.86 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Romania 18.5 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Russia 405.8 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Saudi Arabia 56.4 billion cu m (2002)
Senegal 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 602 million cu m (2001 est.)
Singapore 2.5 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Slovakia 6.8 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Slovenia 1.04 billion cu m (2001 est.)
South Africa 1.8 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Spain 17.96 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Sweden 949 million cu m (2001 est.)
Switzerland 3.093 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Syria 5.84 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Taiwan 6.64 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Tajikistan 1.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Thailand 23.93 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 13.76 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Tunisia 3.83 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Turkey 15.94 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan 9.6 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Ukraine 79.86 billion cu m (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates 33.7 billion cu m (2003 est.)
United Kingdom 92.85 billion cu m (2001 est.)
United States 640.9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Uruguay 64.5 million cu m (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan 45.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Venezuela 29.4 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Vietnam 1.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
World 2.599 trillion cu m (2001 est.)
Yemen 0 cu m (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2182 Natural gas - imports (cu m)
Afghanistan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Albania 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Algeria 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Angola 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Argentina 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Armenia 1.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Australia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Austria 6.033 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan 1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bahrain 0 cu m (2002 est.)
Bangladesh 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Barbados 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Belarus 18.5 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Belgium 15.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bolivia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 300 million cu m (2001 est.)
Brazil 3.64 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Brunei 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Bulgaria 5.8 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Burma 0 cu m (2003 est.)
Cameroon 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Canada 8.73 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Chile 5.337 billion cu m (2002 est.)
China 0 cu m (2002 est.)
Colombia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Croatia 1.08 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Cuba 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Czech Republic 9.521 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Denmark 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Ecuador 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Egypt 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Estonia 1.27 billion cu m (2001 est.)
European Union 297.8 billion cu m (2001)
Finland 4.567 billion cu m (2001 est.)
France 40.26 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gabon 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Georgia 1.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Germany 85.02 billion cu m (2003)
Greece 2.018 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Hong Kong 680.9 million cu m (2001 est.)
Hungary 9.587 billion cu m (2001 est.)
India 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Indonesia 0 cu m (2003 est.)
Iran 4.92 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Iraq 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Ireland 3.384 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Israel 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Italy 54.78 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Japan 77.73 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Jordan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan 8.696 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Korea, South 21.11 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Kuwait 0 cu m (2002 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 2 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Latvia 1.7 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Libya 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Lithuania 2.76 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Luxembourg 867 million cu m (2001 est.)
Malaysia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Mexico 7.85 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Moldova 2.05 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Morocco 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Mozambique 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Netherlands 20.78 billion cu m (2001 est.)
New Zealand 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Nigeria 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Norway 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Oman 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Pakistan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Peru 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Philippines 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Poland 8.782 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Portugal 2.553 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico 630 million cu m (2001 est.)
Qatar 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Romania 5.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Russia 32.7 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia 0 cu m (2002)
Senegal 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Singapore 2.5 billion cu m note: from Indonesia and Malaysia (2001 est.)
Slovakia 6.6 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Slovenia 1.04 billion cu m (2001 est.)
South Africa 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Spain 17.26 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Sweden 968 million cu m (2001 est.)
Switzerland 3.093 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Syria 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Taiwan 6.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Tajikistan 1.25 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Thailand 5.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Tunisia 1.58 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Turkey 15.75 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Ukraine 60.4 billion cu m (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates 0 cu m (2003 est.)
United Kingdom 2.7 billion cu m (2001 est.)
United States 114.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Uruguay 65 million cu m (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Venezuela 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Vietnam 0 cu m (2001 est.)
World 718.7 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Yemen 0 cu m (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2183 Natural gas - exports (cu m)
Afghanistan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Albania 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Algeria 57.98 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Angola 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Argentina 6.05 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Armenia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Australia 9.744 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Austria 403 million cu m (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Bahrain 0 cu m (2002 est.)
Bangladesh 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Barbados 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Belarus 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Belgium 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Bolivia 2.9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Brazil 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Brunei 9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Bulgaria 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Burma 8.424 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Cameroon 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Canada 91.52 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Chile 0 cu m (2002)
China 0 cu m (2002 est.)
Colombia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Croatia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Cuba 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Czech Republic 1 million cu m (2001 est.)
Denmark 3.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Ecuador 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Egypt 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Estonia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
European Union 78.1 billion cu m (2001)
Finland 0 cu m (2001 est.)
France 1.725 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gabon 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Georgia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Germany 7.731 billion cu m (2003)
Greece 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Hong Kong 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Hungary 4 million cu m (2001 est.)
India 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Indonesia 39.7 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Iran 3.4 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Iraq 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Ireland 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Israel 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Italy 61 million cu m (2001 est.)
Japan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Jordan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan 11.01 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Korea, South 0 cu m (2003 est.)
Kuwait 0 cu m (2002 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Latvia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Libya 770 million cu m (2001 est.)
Lithuania 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Luxembourg 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Malaysia 22.41 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Mexico 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Moldova 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Morocco 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Mozambique 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Netherlands 49.28 billion cu m (2001 est.)
New Zealand 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Nigeria 7.83 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Norway 50.5 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Oman 7.43 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Pakistan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Peru 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Philippines 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Poland 41 million cu m (2001 est.)
Portugal 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Qatar 18.2 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Romania 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Russia 171 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Saudi Arabia 0 cu m (2002)
Senegal 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Singapore 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Slovakia 0 cu m (2003 est.)
Slovenia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
South Africa 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Spain 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Sweden 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Switzerland 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Syria 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Taiwan 410 million cu m (2001 est.)
Tajikistan 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Thailand 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 11.79 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Tunisia 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Turkey 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan 43.5 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Ukraine 5.8 billion cu m (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates 7.19 billion cu m (2003 est.)
United Kingdom 15.75 billion cu m (2001 est.)
United States 11.16 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Uruguay 0 cu m (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan 17.9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Venezuela 0 cu m (2004 est.)
Vietnam 0 cu m (2001 est.)
World 693.7 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Yemen 0 cu m (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2184 Internet hosts
Albania 455 (2004)
Algeria 897 (2004)
Andorra 4,144 (2004)
Angola 17 (2003)
Antigua and Barbuda 1,665 (2003)
Argentina 742,358 (2003)
Armenia 2,206 (2004)
Aruba 923 (2001)
Australia 2,847,763 (2003)
Austria 387,006 (2004)
Azerbaijan 586 (2004)
Bahamas, The 302 (2003)
Bahrain 1,334 (2003)
Bangladesh 1 (2003)
Barbados 204 (2003)
Belarus 5,308 (2004)
Belgium 166,799 (2004)
Belize 2,613 (2003)
Benin 879 (2004)
Bermuda 5,161 (2001)
Bhutan 985 (2003)
Bolivia 7,080 (2003)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 6,994 (2004)
Botswana 1,920 (2003)
Brazil 3,163,349 (2003)
Brunei 6,409 (2003)
Bulgaria 53,421 (2004)
Burkina Faso 442 (2003)
Burma 3 (2003)
Burundi 22 (2003)
Cambodia 818 (2003)
Cameroon 479 (2004)
Canada 3,210,081 (2003)
Cape Verde 118 (2004)
Central African Republic 6 (2002)
Chad 8 (2004)
Chile 202,429 (2003)
China 160,421 (2003)
Colombia 115,158 (2003)
Comoros 11 (2003)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 153 (2003)
Congo, Republic of the 46 (2003)
Costa Rica 10,826 (2003)
Cote d'Ivoire 3,795 (2004)
Croatia 29,644 (2004)
Cuba 1,529 (2003)
Cyprus 5,901 (2004)
Czech Republic 295,677 (2004)
Denmark 1,219,925 (2004)
Djibouti 702 (2004)
Dominica 681 (2003)
Dominican Republic 64,197 (2003)
Ecuador 3,188 (2003)
Egypt 3,401 (2004)
El Salvador 4,084 (2003)
Equatorial Guinea 3 (2004)
Eritrea 1,047 (2004)
Estonia 82,142 (2004)
Ethiopia 9 (2003)
European Union 22,000,414 (2004); note - sum of individual country Internet hosts
Fiji 493 (2003)
Finland 1,219,173 (2004)
France 2,396,761 (2004)
French Polynesia 5,123 (2003)
Gabon 93 (2004)
Gambia, The 568 (2004)
Georgia 5,160 (2004)
Germany 2,686,119 (2004)
Ghana 407 (2004)
Greece 208,977 (2004)
Greenland 2,642 (2004)
Grenada 18 (2003)
Guatemala 20,360 (2003)
Guinea 380 (2004)
Guinea-Bissau 2 (2004)
Guyana 613 (2003)
Haiti NA
Holy See (Vatican City) 9 (2004)
Honduras 1,944 (2003)
Hong Kong 591,993 (2003)
Hungary 383,071 (2004)
Iceland 122,175 (2004)
India 86,871 (2003)
Indonesia 62,036 (2003)
Iran 5,269 (2004)
Ireland 162,228 (2004)
Israel 437,516 (2004)
Italy 1,437,511 (2004)
Jamaica 1,480 (2003)
Japan 12,962,065 (2003)
Jordan 3,160 (2004)
Kazakhstan 21,984 (2004)
Kenya 8,325 (2003)
Korea, South 694,206 (2001)
Kuwait 3,437 (2001)
Kyrgyzstan 12,299 (2004)
Laos 937 (2003)
Latvia 51,758 (2004)
Lebanon 6,998 (2004)
Lesotho 119 (2003)
Liberia 14 (2004)
Libya 67 (2003)
Liechtenstein 3,727 (2004)
Lithuania 67,769 (2004)
Luxembourg 28,214 (2003)
Macau 89 (2003)
Macedonia 3,738 (2004)
Madagascar 773 (2003)
Malawi 18 (2003)
Malaysia 107,971 (2003)
Maldives 532 (2003)
Mali 187 (2003)
Malta 7,156 (2004)
Marshall Islands 6 (2003)
Mauritania 25 (2003)
Mauritius 3,985 (2003)
Mexico 1,333,406 (2003)
Moldova 11,984 (2003)
Monaco 533 (2004)
Mongolia 1,000 (2004)
Morocco 3,627 (2004)
Mozambique 3,249 (2003)
Namibia 3,164 (2003)
Nepal 917 (2003)
Netherlands 4,518,226 (2004)
Netherlands Antilles 119 (2001)
New Caledonia 4,449 (2003)
New Zealand 474,395 (2003)
Nicaragua 7,094 (2003)
Niger 134 (2003)
Nigeria 1,142 (2004)
Norway 593,850 (2004)
Oman 726 (2003)
Pakistan 15,124 (2003)
Panama 7,129 (2003)
Papua New Guinea 389 (2003)
Paraguay 9,243 (2003)
Peru 65,868 (2003)
Philippines 38,440 (2002)
Poland 804,915 (2004)
Portugal 346,078 (2004)
Qatar 221 (2004)
Romania 50,807 (2004)
Russia 560,874 (2004)
Rwanda 1,495 (2003)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 51 (2003)
Saint Lucia 41 (2003)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4 (2003)
Samoa 8,225 (2003)
San Marino 1,763 (2004)
Sao Tome and Principe 1,069 (2003)
Saudi Arabia 15,931 (2004)
Senegal 672 (2003)
Serbia and Montenegro 20,207 (2004)
Seychelles 264 (2003)
Sierra Leone 277 (2004)
Singapore 484,825 (2003)
Slovakia 89,592 (2004)
Slovenia 45,491 (2004)
Solomon Islands 398 (2003)
Somalia 4 (2004)
South Africa 288,633 (2003)
Spain 1,056,950 (2004)
Sri Lanka 1,882 (2003)
Sudan NA
Suriname 18 (2003)
Swaziland 1,401 (2003)
Sweden 945,221 (2004)
Switzerland 667,275 (2004)
Syria 11 (2004)
Taiwan 2,777,085 (2003)
Tajikistan 69 (2004)
Tanzania 5,534 (2003)
Thailand 103,700 (2003)
Togo 82 (2003)
Tonga 18,906 (2003)
Trinidad and Tobago 8,003 (2003)
Tunisia 281 (2004)
Turkey 355,215 (2004)
Turkmenistan 524 (2004)
Uganda 2,692 (2004)
Ukraine 94,345 (2004)
United Arab Emirates 56,283 (2004)
United Kingdom 3,398,708 (2004)
United States 115,311,958 (2002)
Uruguay 87,630 (2003)
Uzbekistan 1,040 (2003)
Vanuatu 512 (2003)
Venezuela 35,301 (2003)
Vietnam 340 (2003)
Yemen 138 (2004)
Zambia 1,880 (2003)
Zimbabwe 4,501 (2003)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2185 Investment (gross fixed) (% of GDP)
Albania 18.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Algeria 26.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Angola 34.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Argentina 18.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Armenia 19.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Australia 25.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Austria 22.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan 65.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Bahrain 12.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Bangladesh 23.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Belarus 21.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Belgium 19.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Belize 33.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Benin 19.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Bolivia 10.4% of GDP (2003 est.)
Botswana 25.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Brazil 19.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Bulgaria 18.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso 29.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Burma 10.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Burundi 10.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Cambodia 20.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Cameroon 16.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Canada 19.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Cape Verde 19.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Chad 24.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Chile 23.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
China 46% of GDP (2004 est.)
Colombia 15.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 25.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Costa Rica 19.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 11.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Croatia 28.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Cuba 11.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 17.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Czech Republic 29% of GDP (2004 est.)
Denmark 19.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Dominican Republic 18.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Ecuador 20.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Egypt 15.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
El Salvador 16.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 50.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Eritrea 26.3% of GDP (2002)
Estonia 28.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Ethiopia 17.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
European Union percent of GDP - 19.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Finland 18.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
France 19.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Gabon 21.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Gambia, The 25.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Georgia 18.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Germany 17.6% of GDP (2004)
Ghana 19.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Greece 27% of GDP (2004 est.)
Guatemala 14.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Guinea 21% of GDP (2004 est.)
Guyana 34.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Honduras 24.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Hong Kong 22.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Hungary 22.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Iceland 23.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
India 23.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Indonesia 16.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Iran 31.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Ireland 23.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Israel 17.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Italy 19.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Jamaica 32% of GDP (2004 est.)
Japan 24% of GDP (2004 est.)
Jordan 11.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 23.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Kenya 14.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Korea, South 28.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Kuwait 8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 17% of GDP (2004 est.)
Latvia 26.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Lebanon 26% of GDP (2004 est.)
Lesotho 39.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Libya 9.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Lithuania 21.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Luxembourg 19.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Macedonia 17.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Madagascar 14.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Malawi 10.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Malaysia 21.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Malta 26.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Mauritius 22.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Mexico 19.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Moldova 17.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Morocco 22.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Mozambique 47% of GDP (2004 est.)
Namibia 19.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Netherlands 19.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
New Zealand 22.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Nicaragua 28% of GDP (2004 est.)
Nigeria 18% of GDP (2004 est.)
Norway 17.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Oman 13.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Pakistan 16.4% of GDP (FY03/04 est.)
Panama 25% of GDP (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea 13.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Paraguay 18.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Peru 17.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Philippines 17% of GDP (2004 est.)
Poland 18.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Portugal 22.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Qatar 22.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Romania 23.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Russia 19.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Rwanda 20% of GDP (2004 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 31.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia 17.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Senegal 20.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 14.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Seychelles 39.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Singapore 27.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Slovakia 24% of GDP (2004 est.)
Slovenia 24.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
South Africa 16.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Spain 25.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka 22.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Sudan 16% of GDP (2004 est.)
Swaziland 23.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Sweden 15.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Switzerland 20.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Syria 16.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Taiwan 18% of GDP (2004 est.)
Tajikistan 22% of GDP (2004 est.)
Tanzania 16.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Thailand 22.5% of GDP (Jan - Sep 2004 est.)
Togo 19.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 19.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Tunisia 24.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Turkey 17.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan 29% of GDP (2004 est.)
Uganda 22.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Ukraine 18.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates 20.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 16.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
United States 15.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Uruguay 9.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Venezuela 12.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Vietnam 36.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Yemen 16.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Zambia 41.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe 9.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2186 Public debt (% of GDP)
Algeria 37.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Argentina 118% of GDP (June 2004 est.)
Australia 17.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Austria 64.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan 18.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Bahrain 63.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Bangladesh 43% of GDP (2004 est.)
Belgium 96.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Botswana 8.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Brazil 52% of GDP (2004 est.)
Bulgaria 41.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Cameroon 69.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Canada NA (2004 est.)
Chile 12.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
China 31.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Colombia 51.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Costa Rica 58% of GDP (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 74.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Croatia 41.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 74.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Czech Republic 33.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Denmark 42.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Dominican Republic 61.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Ecuador 49.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Egypt 102.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
El Salvador 41.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Estonia 5.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Finland 46.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
France 67.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Gabon 29.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Germany 65.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Greece 112% of GDP (2004 est.)
Guatemala 32% of GDP (2004 est.)
Honduras 74.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Hong Kong 2.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Hungary 58.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Iceland 35.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
India 59.7% of GDP (federal debt only; state debt not included) (2004 est.)
Indonesia 56.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Iran 27% of GDP (2004 est.)
Ireland 31.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Israel 104.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Italy 105.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Jamaica 146.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Japan 164.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Jordan 85.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 13.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Kenya 74.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Korea, South 21.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Kuwait 29.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Latvia 11.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Lebanon 177.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Libya 8.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Lithuania 25.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Macedonia 20% of GDP (2004 est.)
Malawi 228.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Malaysia 45.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Mauritius 29.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Mexico 23.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Moldova 63.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Morocco 70.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Namibia 38.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Netherlands 55.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
New Zealand 22.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Nicaragua 69.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Nigeria 20% of GDP (2004 est.)
Norway 33.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Oman 10.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Pakistan 71.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Panama 69.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea 59.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Paraguay 39.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Peru 44.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Philippines 74.2% of GDP (September 2004 est.)
Poland 49.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Portugal 61.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Qatar NA
Romania 23.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Russia 28.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia 75% of GDP (2004 est.)
Senegal 55.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 80% of GDP (2004 est.)
Seychelles 122.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Singapore 102.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Slovakia 46.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Slovenia 31.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
South Africa 45.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Spain 53.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka 104.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Sudan 79.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
Sweden 51.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Switzerland 57.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Syria 32% of GDP (2004 est.)
Taiwan 32.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Tanzania 5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Thailand 47.6% of GDP (November 2004 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 54.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Tunisia 59.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Turkey 74.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Uganda 73.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Ukraine 24.7% of GDP (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates 17.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
United Kingdom 39.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
United States 65% of GDP (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan 41.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Venezuela 43.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Vietnam 65.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Yemen 46.4% of GDP (2004 est.)
Zambia 127.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe 52.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2187 Current account balance
Albania $-504 million (2004 est.)
Algeria $11.9 billion (2004 est.)
Angola $-37.88 million (2004 est.)
Argentina $5.473 billion (2004 est.)
Armenia $-240.4 million (2004 est.)
Australia $-38.3 billion (2004 est.)
Austria $-3.283 billion (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan $-2.899 billion (2004 est.)
Bahrain $586.1 million (2004 est.)
Bangladesh $216.6 million (2004 est.)
Belarus $-1.119 billion (2004 est.)
Belgium $11.4 billion (2004 est.)
Belize $-115 million (2004 est.)
Benin $-159.9 million (2004 est.)
Bolivia $273 million (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $-2.1 billion (2004 est.)
Botswana $337 million (2004 est.)
Brazil $8 billion (2004 est.)
Bulgaria $682.9 million (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso $-471.7 million (2004 est.)
Burma $-185 million (2004 est.)
Burundi $-59.5 million (2004 est.)
Cambodia $-316.2 million (2004 est.)
Cameroon $-149.1 million (2004 est.)
Canada $28.2 billion (2004 est.)
Cape Verde $-93.76 million (2004 est.)
Chad $330.2 million (2004 est.)
Chile $2.185 billion (2004 est.)
China $30.32 billion (2004 est.)
Colombia $-1.706 billion (2004 est.)
Congo, Republic of the $266 million (2004 est.)
Costa Rica $-980.3 million (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire $-421.5 million (2004 est.)
Croatia $-1.925 billion (2004 est.)
Cuba $-185.1 million (2004 est.)
Cyprus $-619.9 million (2004 est.)
Czech Republic $-5.73 billion (2004 est.)
Denmark $6.529 billion (2004 est.)
Dominican Republic $762.2 million (2004 est.)
Ecuador $261.1 million (2004 est.)
Egypt $2.113 billion (2004 est.)
El Salvador $-880.5 million (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea $-578.6 million (2004 est.)
Eritrea $-144.9 million (2004 est.)
Estonia $-1.169 billion (2004 est.)
Ethiopia $-464.4 million (2004 est.)
European Union $NA
Finland $11.39 billion (2004 est.)
France $-305 million (2004 est.)
Gabon $196.8 million (2004 est.)
Gambia, The $-16.4 million (2004 est.)
Georgia $-632.9 million (2004 est.)
Germany $73.59 billion (2004 est.)
Ghana $83.87 million (2004 est.)
Greece $-8 billion (2004 est.)
Guatemala $-1.381 billion (2004 est.)
Guinea $-308.3 million (2004 est.)
Guyana $-129.4 million (2004 est.)
Haiti $-27.63 million (2004 est.)
Honduras $258.3 million (2003 est.)
Hong Kong $14.85 billion (2004 est.)
Hungary $-7.941 billion (2004 est.)
Iceland $-570 million (2004 est.)
India $4.897 billion (2004 est.)
Indonesia $7.338 billion (2004 est.)
Iran $2.1 billion (2004 est.)
Iraq $-560 million (2003 est.)
Ireland $-2.881 billion (2004 est.)
Israel $211.9 million (2004 est.)
Italy $-21.1 billion (2004 est.)
Jamaica $-830.7 million (2004 est.)
Japan $170.2 billion (2004 est.)
Jordan $203.2 million (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan $-39.02 million (2004 est.)
Kenya $-459.2 million (2004 est.)
Korea, South $26.78 billion (2004 est.)
Kuwait $12.04 billion (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan $-87.92 million (2004 est.)
Laos $-80.76 million (2004 est.)
Latvia $-1.251 billion (2004 est.)
Lebanon $-2.389 billion (2004 est.)
Lesotho $-108.3 million (2004 est.)
Libya $9.895 billion (2004 est.)
Lithuania $-1.6 billion (2004 est.)
Macedonia $-311 million (2004 est.)
Madagascar $-281.9 million (2004 est.)
Malawi $-55.5 million (2004 est.)
Malaysia $11.81 billion (2004 est.)
Malta $-241 million (2004 est.)
Mauritius $284.1 million (2004 est.)
Mexico $-4.113 billion (2004 est.)
Moldova $-148.4 million (2004 est.)
Morocco $765.4 million (2004 est.)
Mozambique $-101.2 million (2004 est.)
Namibia $234.3 million (2004 est.)
Netherlands $19.9 billion (2004 est.)
New Zealand $-3.647 billion (2004 est.)
Nicaragua $-843.1 million (2004 est.)
Nigeria $5.228 billion (2004 est.)
Norway $30.52 billion (2004 est.)
Oman $2.674 billion (2004 est.)
Pakistan $1.4 billion (2004 est.)
Panama $-469.6 million (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea $29.15 million (2004 est.)
Paraguay $-36.11 million (2004 est.)
Peru $-30 million (2004 est.)
Philippines $3.6 billion (2004 est.)
Poland $-3.831 billion (2004 est.)
Portugal $-8.12 billion (2004 est.)
Qatar $5.187 billion (2004 est.)
Romania $-3.631 billion (2004 est.)
Russia $46.04 billion (2004 est.)
Rwanda $-212.5 million (2004 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe $-31.5 million (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia $51.5 billion (2004 est.)
Senegal $-518.8 million (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro $-3.008 billion (2004 est.)
Seychelles $-98.42 million (2004 est.)
Singapore $8.8 billion (2004 est.)
Slovakia $-1.4 billion (2004 est.)
Slovenia $-51.64 million (2004 est.)
South Africa $-2.48 billion (2004 est.)
Spain $-30.89 billion (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka $-587.3 million (2004 est.)
Sudan $-763.6 million (2004 est.)
Swaziland $-82.4 million (2004 est.)
Sweden $24.08 billion (2004 est.)
Switzerland $40.95 billion (2004 est.)
Syria $1.1 billion (2003)
Taiwan $21.16 billion (2004 est.)
Tajikistan $-52 million (2004 est.)
Tanzania $-327.4 million (2004 est.)
Thailand $6.736 billion (2004 est.)
Togo $-125.6 million (2004 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago $1.548 billion (2004 est.)
Tunisia $71.85 million (2004 est.)
Turkey $-15.3 billion (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan $114 million (2004 est.)
Uganda $-590.8 million (2004 est.)
Ukraine $4.584 billion (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates $6.3 billion (2004 est.)
United Kingdom $-33.46 billion (2004 est.)
United States $-646.5 billion (2004 est.)
Uruguay $181.8 million (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan $461.9 million (2004 est.)
Venezuela $14.59 billion (2004 est.)
Vietnam $-2.061 billion (2004 est.)
Yemen $369.9 million (2004 est.)
Zambia $-181.4 million (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe $-230.3 million (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2188 Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Albania $1.206 billion (2004 est.)
Algeria $43.55 billion (2004 est.)
Angola $800 million (2004 est.)
Argentina $19.47 billion (2004 est.)
Armenia $555 million (2004 est.)
Australia $35.14 billion (2004 est.)
Austria $12.73 billion (2003)
Azerbaijan $875 million (2004 est.)
Bahrain $2.141 billion (2004 est.)
Bangladesh $3 billion (2004 est.)
Belarus $770.2 million (2004 est.)
Belgium $14.45 billion (2003)
Belize $111.1 million (2004 est.)
Benin $839.3 million (2004 est.)
Bolivia $1.214 billion (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $2 billion (2004 est.)
Botswana $5.7 billion (2004 est.)
Brazil $52.94 billion (2004 est.)
Bulgaria $7.526 billion (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso $474.9 million (2004 est.)
Burma $590 million (2004 est.)
Burundi $76.89 million (2004 est.)
Cambodia $997.5 million (2004 est.)
Cameroon $687.5 million (2004 est.)
Canada $36.27 billion (2003)
Cape Verde $112.7 million (2004 est.)
Chad $652.7 million (2004 est.)
Chile $16.02 billion (2004)
China $609.9 billion (2004 est.)
Colombia $11.94 billion (2004 est.)
Congo, Republic of the $40.42 million (2004 est.)
Costa Rica $1.736 billion (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire $1.95 billion (2004 est.)
Croatia $8.563 billion (2004 est.)
Cuba $738.6 million (2004 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $3.385 billion north Cyprus: $941.6 million (2004 est.)
Czech Republic $32.78 billion (2004 est.)
Denmark $37.98 billion (2003)
Dominican Republic $426 million (2004 est.)
Ecuador $1.436 billion (December 2004 est.)
Egypt $14.03 billion (2004 est.)
El Salvador $1.888 billion (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea $235.2 million (2004 est.)
Eritrea $30.87 million (2004 est.)
Estonia $1.503 billion (2004 est.)
Ethiopia $923.1 million (2004 est.)
European Union $NA
Finland $11.17 billion (2003)
France $70.76 billion (2003)
Gabon $268.6 million (2004 est.)
Gambia, The $113.1 million (2004 est.)
Georgia $231.4 million (2004 est.)
Germany $96.84 billion (2003)
Ghana $1.267 billion (2004 est.)
Greece $7.3 billion (2004 est.)
Guatemala $3.084 billion (2004 est.)
Guinea $201.7 million (2004 est.)
Guyana $280.6 million (2004 est.)
Haiti $80.64 million (2004 est.)
Honduras $1.464 billion (2004 est.)
Hong Kong $123.6 billion (31 December 2004 est.)
Hungary $14.8 billion (2004 est.)
Iceland $935 million (2004)
India $126 billion (2004 est.)
Indonesia $35.82 billion (2004 est.)
Iran $29.87 billion (2004 est.)
Ireland $4.152 billion (2003)
Israel $28.48 billion (2004 est.)
Italy $61.5 billion (2004 est.)
Jamaica $1.4 billion (2004 est.)
Japan $664.6 billion (2003)
Jordan $5.457 billion (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan $14.35 billion (2004 est.)
Kenya $1.5 billion (2004 est.)
Korea, South $199.1 billion (2004 est.)
Kuwait $7.333 billion (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan $498.7 million (2004 est.)
Laos $193.1 million (2004 est.)
Latvia $1.65 billion (2004 est.)
Lebanon $16.3 billion (2004 est.)
Lesotho $402.2 million (2004 est.)
Libya $24.18 billion (2004 est.)
Lithuania $4.61 billion (2004 est.)
Macedonia $928 million (2004 est.)
Madagascar $500.3 million (2004 est.)
Malawi $160.5 million (2004 est.)
Malaysia $55.27 billion (2004 est.)
Malta $2.865 billion (2004 est.)
Mauritius $1.676 billion (2004 est.)
Mexico $60.67 billion (2004 est.)
Moldova $390 million (2004 est.)
Morocco $15.14 billion (2004 est.)
Mozambique $1.206 billion (2004 est.)
Namibia $360 million (2004 est.)
Netherlands $21.44 billion (2003)
New Zealand $4.805 billion (2004 est.)
Nicaragua $670 million (2004 est.)
Nigeria $14.71 billion (2004 est.)
Oman $4.144 billion (2004 est.)
Pakistan $12.58 billion (2004 est.)
Panama $1.076 billion (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea $635.8 million (2004 est.)
Paraguay $1.164 billion (2004 est.)
Peru $12.7 billion (2004 est.)
Philippines $16.05 billion (2004)
Poland $41.88 billion (2004 est.)
Portugal $12.3 billion (2004 est.)
Qatar $3.351 billion (2004 est.)
Romania $16.21 billion (2004)
Russia $124.5 billion (3 December 2004 e)
Rwanda $210.9 million (2004 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe $29.78 million (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia $23.62 billion (2004 est.)
Senegal $820 million (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro $3.55 billion (2004 est.)
Seychelles $70.94 million (2004 est.)
Singapore $112.8 billion (2004 est.)
Slovakia $14.91 billion (2004 est.)
Slovenia $8.493 billion (2004 est.)
South Africa $11.68 billion (2004 est.)
Spain $19.7 billion (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka $2.475 billion (2004 est.)
Sudan $1.652 billion (2004 est.)
Swaziland $320.5 million (2004 est.)
Sweden $19.99 billion (2003)
Switzerland $69.58 billion (2003)
Syria $5 billion (2004 est.)
Taiwan $246.5 billion (2004 est.)
Tajikistan $145.3 million (2004 est.)
Tanzania $2.175 billion (2004 est.)
Thailand $48.3 billion (2004)
Togo $267.4 million (2004 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago $2.927 billion (2004 est.)
Tunisia $3.509 billion (2004 est.)
Turkey $37.1 billion (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan $3.034 billion (2004 est.)
Uganda $1.2 billion (2004 est.)
Ukraine $11.33 billion (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates $18.64 billion (2004 est.)
United Kingdom $48.73 billion (2004)
United States $85.94 billion (2003)
Uruguay $2.362 billion (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan $1.603 billion (2004 est.)
Venezuela $25.75 billion (2004 est.)
Vietnam $6.51 billion (2004 est.)
Yemen $5.3 billion (2004 est.)
Zambia $345 million (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe $57 million (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2193 Major infectious diseases
Afghanistan degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk countrywide below 2,000 meters from March through November animal contact disease: rabies (2004)
Algeria degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: cutaneous leishmaniasis is a high risk in some locations (2004)
Angola degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Bangladesh degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations water contact disease: leptospirosis animal contact disease: rabies (2004)
Benin degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, yellow fever, and others are high risks in some locations respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Botswana degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2004)
Burkina Faso degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Burma degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations (2004)
Burundi degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2004)
Cambodia degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis are high risks in some locations (2004)
Cameroon degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Central African Republic degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Chad degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Congo, Republic of the degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, yellow fever, and others are high risks in some locations water contact: schistosomiasis (2004)
Djibouti degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2004)
Equatorial Guinea degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2004)
Eritrea degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk in some locations (2004)
Ethiopia degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, and hepatitis E vectorborne diseases: malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis are high risks in some locations respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Gabon degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2004)
Gambia, The degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Ghana degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Guinea degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2004)
Guinea-Bissau degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
India degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis are high risks in some locations animal contact disease: rabies (2004)
Indonesia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and chikungunya are high risks in some locations (2004)
Kenya degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Liberia degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2004)
Libya degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: may be a significant risk in some locations during the transmission season (typically April through October) (2004)
Madagascar degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Malawi degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Malaysia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations (2004)
Mali degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Mauritania degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and Rift Valley fever are high risks in some locations respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Morocco degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: may be a significant risk in some locations during the transmission season (typically April through November) (2004)
Mozambique degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Namibia degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Niger degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk in some locations respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Nigeria degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever (2004)
Pakistan degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and cutaneous leishmaniasis are high risks depending on location animal contact disease: rabies (2004)
Papua New Guinea degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations (2004)
Philippines degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations animal contact disease: rabies (2004)
Rwanda degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2004)
Sao Tome and Principe degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2004)
Senegal degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Rift Valley fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Sierra Leone degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2004)
Somalia degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2004)
Sudan degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Tanzania degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, Rift Valley fever and plague are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Thailand degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and plague are high risks in some locations animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: leptospirosis (2004)
Togo degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
Tunisia degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: may be a significant risk in some locations during the transmission season (typically April through November) (2004)
Uganda degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Vietnam degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and plague are high risks in some locations animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: leptospirosis (2004)
Western Sahara degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: may be a significant risk in some locations during the transmission season (typically April through November) (2004)
Zambia degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
Zimbabwe degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2194 Refugees and internally displaced persons
Afghanistan IDPs: 167,000 - 200,000 (mostly Pashtuns and Kuchis displaced in south and west due to drought and instability) (2004)
Algeria refugees (country of origin): 165,000 (Western Saharan Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf) IDPs: 100,000 - 200,000 (conflict between government forces, Islamic insurgents) (2004)
Angola IDPs: 40,000-60,000 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs already have returned) (2004)
Armenia refugees (country of origin): 236,306 (Azerbaijan) IDPs: 50,000 (conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh) (2004)
Azerbaijan IDPs: 571,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh) (2004)
Bangladesh IDPs: 61,000 (land conflicts, religious persecution) (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina IDPs: 327,200 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Muslims displaced in 1992-95 war) (2004)
Burma IDPs: 600,000 - 1,000,000 (government offensives against ethnic insurgent groups near borders; most IDPs are ethnic Karen, Karenni, Shan, and Mon) (2004)
Burundi refugees (country of origin): 60,288 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) IDPs: 140,000 (armed conflict between government and rebels; most IDPs in northern and western Burundi) (2004)
Cameroon refugees (country of origin): 39,261 (Chad) 16,983 (Nigeria) 9,634 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2004)
Central African Republic refugees (country of origin): 36,479 (Sudan) 1,864 (Chad) 6,484 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) IDPs: 200,000 (unrest following coup in 2003) (2004)
Chad refugees (country of origin): 200,000 (Sudan) 30,000 (Central African Republic) (2004)
China refugees (country of origin): 299,287 (Vietnam) estimated 30,000-50,000 (North Korea) (2004)
Colombia IDPs: 2,730,000 - 3,100,000 (conflict between government and FARC; drug wars) (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the refugees (country of origin): 45,060 (Sudan) 100,000 (Angola) 19,552 (Burundi) 6,626 (Republic of Congo) 19,743 (Rwanda) 18,953 (Uganda) IDPs: 2.33 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; most IDPs are in eastern provinces) (2004)
Congo, Republic of the IDPs: 60,000 (multiple civil wars since 1992; most IDPs are ethnic Lari) (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire refugees (country of origin): 71,711 (Liberia) IDPs: 500,000 (2002 coup; most IDPs are in western regions) (2004)
Croatia IDPs: 12,600 (Croats and Serbs displaced in 1992-1995 war) (2004)
Cyprus IDPs: 265,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced for over 30 years) (2004)
Djibouti refugees (country of origin): 25,474 (Somalia) (2004)
Egypt refugees (country of origin): 70,215 (Palestinian Territories) (2004)
Eritrea IDPs: 59,000 (border war with Ethiopia from 1998-2000; most IDPs are near the central border region) (2004)
Ethiopia refugees (country of origin): 93,032 (Sudan) 23,578 (Somalia) IDPs: 132,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000 and ethnic clashes in Gambela; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces) (2004)
Gaza Strip refugees (country of origin): 922,674 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)) (2004)
Georgia IDPs: 260,000 (displaced from Abkhazia and South Ossetia) (2004)
Ghana refugees (country of origin): 42,466 (Liberia) (2004)
Guatemala IDPs: 250,000 (government's scorched-earth offensive in 1980s against indigenous people) (2004)
Guinea refugees (country of origin): 133,175 (Liberia) 13,633 (Sierra Leone) 7,064 (Cote d'Ivoire) IDPs: 100,000 (cross-border incursions from Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire) (2004)
India refugees (country of origin): 92,394 (Tibet/China) 60,922 (Sri Lanka) IDPs: 650,000 (Jammu and Kashmir conflicts; most IDPs are Kashmiri Hindus); 113,000 (resulting from 26 December 2004 tsunami) (2004)
Indonesia IDPs: 535,000 (government offensives against rebels in Aceh; most IDPs in Aceh, Central Kalimantan, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi Provinces); 441,000 (resulting from 26 December 2004 tsunmai) (2004)
Iran refugees (country of origin): 1,223,823 (Afghanistan) 124,014 (Iraq) (2004)
Iraq refugees (country of origin): 150,000 (Palestinian Territories) IDPs: 1,340,280 (ongoing US-led war and Kurds' subsequent return) (2004)
Israel IDPs: 276,000 (Arab villagers displaced from homes in northern Israel) (2004)
Jordan refugees (country of origin): 1,740,170 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)) IDPs: 800,000 (1967 Arab-Israeli War) (2004)
Kenya refugees (country of origin): 154,272 (Somalia) 11,139 (Ethiopia) 63,197 (Sudan) IDPs: 350,000 (KANU attacks on opposition tribal groups in 1990s) (2004)
Korea, North IDPs: 50,000-250,000 (government repression and famine) (2004)
Lebanon refugees (country of origin): 394,532 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)) IDPs: 300,000 (1975-90 civil war, Israeli invasions) (2004)
Liberia refugees (country of origin): 13,941 (Sierra Leone) 38,325 (Cote d'Ivoire) IDPs: 500,000 (civil war from 1990-2004; IDP resettlement began in November 2004) (2004)
Macedonia IDPs: 2,678 (ethnic conflict in 2001; most IDPs have returned) (2004)
Maldives IDPs: 12,000 (26 December 2004 tsunami victims) (2005)
Mexico IDPs: 12,000 (government's quashing of Zapatista uprising in 1994 in eastern Chiapas Region) (2004)
Moldova IDPs: 1,000 (internal secessionist uprising in Transdniestrian region in 1991) (2004)
Nepal refugees (country of origin): 104,235 (Bhutan) IDPs: 100,000-200,000 (ongoing conflict between government forces and Maoist rebels; displacement spread across the country) (2004)
Nigeria IDPs: 250,000 (communal violence between Christians and Muslims since President OBASANJO's election in 1999) (2004)
Pakistan refugees (country of origin): 1,064,230 (Afghanistan) IDPs: undetermined (government strikes on Islamic militants in South Waziristan) (2004)
Peru IDPs: 60,000 (civil war from 1980-2000; most IDPs are indigenous peasants in Andean and Amazonian regions) (2004)
Philippines IDPs: 150,000 (fighting between government troops and MILF and Abu Sayyaf groups) (2004)
Russia IDPs: 368,000 (displacement from Chechnya and North Ossetia) (2004)
Rwanda refugees (country of origin): 37,691 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) IDPs: 4,158 (incursions by Hutu rebels from Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1997-99; most IDPs in northwest) (2004)
Saudi Arabia refugees (country of origin): 240,000 (Palestinian Territories) (2004)
Senegal IDPs: 17,000 (clashes between government troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro refugees (country of origin): 99,170 (Bosnia) 188,656 (Croatia) IDPs: 225,000 (mostly ethnic Serbs and Roma who fled Kosovo in 1999) (2004)
Sierra Leone refugees (country of origin): 67,000 (Liberia) (2004)
Somalia IDPs: 375,000 (civil war since 1988, clan-based competition for resources) (2004)
Sri Lanka IDPs: 362,000 (both Tamils and non-Tamils displaced due to Tamil conflict); 555,000 (resulting from 26 December 2004 tsunami) (2004)
Sudan refugees (country of origin): 108,251 (Eritrea) 5,023 (Chad) 7,983 (Uganda) IDPs: 4.367 million (internal conflict since 1980s; ongoing genocide) (2004)
Syria refugees (country of origin): 413,827 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)) IDPs: 170,000 (most displaced from Golan Heights during 1967 Arab-Israeli War) (2004)
Tanzania refugees (country of origin): 447,877 (Burundi) 153,155 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 3,036 (Somalia) (2004)
Thailand refugees (country of origin): 118,407 (Burma) (2004)
Turkey IDPs: 350,000-1,000,000 (fighting from 1984-99 between Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs in southeastern provinces) (2004)
Uganda refugees (country of origin): 184,731 (Sudan) 18,000 (Rwanda) IDPs: 1.4 million note - ongoing Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebellion, mainly in the north; LRA frequently attacks IDP camps (2004)
United States refugees (country of origin): the United States admitted 52,868 refugees during FY03/04 including: 13,331 (Somalia), 6,000 (Laos), 3,482 (Ukraine), 2,959 (Cuba), 1,787 (Iran); note - 27,239 refugees have been admitted as of 31 May 2005
Uzbekistan IDPs: 3,000 (forced population transfers by government from villages near Tajikistan border) (2004)
West Bank refugees (country of origin): 665,246 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)) (2004)
World the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that in December 2003 there was a global population of 9.7 million refugees and as many as 25 million IDPs
Yemen refugees (country of origin): 60,901 (Somalia) (2004)
Zambia refugees (country of origin): 158,894 (Angola) 58,405 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 5,767 (Rwanda) (2004)
Zimbabwe IDPs: 100,000-150,000 (MUGABE-led political violence, human rights violations, land reform, and economic collapse) (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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Rank code: @2001
Rank Country GDP (purchasing power parity) Date of Information
1 World $ 55,500,000,000,000 2004 est. 2 United States $ 11,750,000,000,000 2004 est. 3 European Union $ 11,650,000,000,000 2004 est. 4 China $ 7,262,000,000,000 2004 est. 5 Japan $ 3,745,000,000,000 2004 est. 6 India $ 3,319,000,000,000 2004 est. 7 Germany $ 2,362,000,000,000 2004 est. 8 United Kingdom $ 1,782,000,000,000 2004 est. 9 France $ 1,737,000,000,000 2004 est. 10 Italy $ 1,609,000,000,000 2004 est. 11 Brazil $ 1,492,000,000,000 2004 est. 12 Russia $ 1,408,000,000,000 2004 est. 13 Canada $ 1,023,000,000,000 2004 est. 14 Mexico $ 1,006,000,000,000 2004 est. 15 Spain $ 937,600,000,000 2004 est. 16 Korea, South $ 925,100,000,000 2004 est. 17 Indonesia $ 827,400,000,000 2004 est. 18 Australia $ 611,700,000,000 2004 est. 19 Taiwan $ 576,200,000,000 2004 est. 20 Thailand $ 524,800,000,000 2004 est. 21 Iran $ 516,700,000,000 2004 est. 22 Turkey $ 508,700,000,000 2004 est. 23 South Africa $ 491,400,000,000 2004 est. 24 Argentina $ 483,500,000,000 2004 est. 25 Netherlands $ 481,100,000,000 2004 est. 26 Poland $ 463,000,000,000 2004 est. 27 Philippines $ 430,600,000,000 2004 est. 28 Pakistan $ 347,300,000,000 2004 est. 29 Egypt $ 316,300,000,000 2004 est. 30 Belgium $ 316,200,000,000 2004 est. 31 Saudi Arabia $ 310,200,000,000 2004 est. 32 Ukraine $ 299,100,000,000 2004 est. 33 Colombia $ 281,100,000,000 2004 est. 34 Bangladesh $ 275,700,000,000 2004 est. 35 Austria $ 255,900,000,000 2004 est. 36 Sweden $ 255,400,000,000 2004 est. 37 Switzerland $ 251,900,000,000 2004 est. 38 Hong Kong $ 234,500,000,000 2004 est. 39 Malaysia $ 229,300,000,000 2004 est. 40 Vietnam $ 227,200,000,000 2004 est. 41 Greece $ 226,400,000,000 2004 est. 42 Algeria $ 212,300,000,000 2004 est. 43 Portugal $ 188,700,000,000 2004 est. 44 Norway $ 183,000,000,000 2004 est. 45 Denmark $ 174,400,000,000 2004 est. 46 Czech Republic $ 172,200,000,000 2004 est. 47 Romania $ 171,500,000,000 2004 est. 48 Chile $ 169,100,000,000 2004 est. 49 Peru $ 155,300,000,000 2004 est. 50 Finland $ 151,200,000,000 2004 est. 51 Hungary $ 149,300,000,000 2004 est. 52 Venezuela $ 145,200,000,000 2004 est. 53 Morocco $ 134,600,000,000 2004 est. 54 Israel $ 129,000,000,000 2004 est. 55 Ireland $ 126,400,000,000 2004 est. 56 Nigeria $ 125,700,000,000 2004 est. 57 Singapore $ 120,900,000,000 2004 est. 58 Kazakhstan $ 118,400,000,000 2004 est. 59 New Zealand $ 92,510,000,000 2004 est. 60 Sri Lanka $ 80,580,000,000 2004 est. 61 Slovakia $ 78,890,000,000 2004 est. 62 Sudan $ 76,190,000,000 2004 est. 63 Burma $ 74,300,000,000 2004 est. 64 Tunisia $ 70,880,000,000 2004 est. 65 Belarus $ 70,500,000,000 2004 est. 66 Puerto Rico $ 68,950,000,000 2004 est. 67 United Arab Emirates $ 63,670,000,000 2004 est. 68 Bulgaria $ 61,630,000,000 2004 est. 69 Syria $ 60,440,000,000 2004 est. 70 Guatemala $ 59,470,000,000 2004 est. 71 Dominican Republic $ 55,680,000,000 2004 est. 72 Ethiopia $ 54,890,000,000 2004 est. 73 Iraq $ 54,400,000,000 2004 est. 74 Croatia $ 50,330,000,000 2004 est. 75 Ecuador $ 49,510,000,000 2004 est. 76 Uruguay $ 49,270,000,000 2004 est. 77 Ghana $ 48,270,000,000 2004 est. 78 Kuwait $ 48,000,000,000 2004 est. 79 Uzbekistan $ 47,590,000,000 2004 est. 80 Lithuania $ 45,230,000,000 2004 est. 81 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 42,740,000,000 2004 est. 82 Korea, North $ 40,000,000,000 2004 est. 83 Nepal $ 39,530,000,000 2004 est. 84 Slovenia $ 39,410,000,000 2004 est. 85 Uganda $ 39,390,000,000 2004 est. 86 Oman $ 38,090,000,000 2004 est. 87 Costa Rica $ 37,970,000,000 2004 est. 88 Libya $ 37,480,000,000 2004 est. 89 Kenya $ 34,680,000,000 2004 est. 90 Cuba $ 33,920,000,000 2004 est. 91 El Salvador $ 32,350,000,000 2004 est. 92 Cameroon $ 30,170,000,000 2004 est. 93 Azerbaijan $ 30,010,000,000 2004 est. 94 Paraguay $ 29,930,000,000 2004 est. 95 Turkmenistan $ 27,600,000,000 2004 est. 96 Luxembourg $ 27,270,000,000 2004 est. 97 Cambodia $ 26,990,000,000 2004 est. 98 Latvia $ 26,530,000,000 2004 est. 99 Serbia and Montenegro $ 26,270,000,000 2004 est. 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 26,210,000,000 2004 est. 101 Jordan $ 25,500,000,000 2004 est. 102 Cote d'Ivoire $ 24,780,000,000 2004 est. 103 Zimbabwe $ 24,370,000,000 2004 est. 104 Tanzania $ 23,710,000,000 2004 est. 105 Mozambique $ 23,380,000,000 2004 est. 106 Angola $ 23,170,000,000 2004 est. 107 Bolivia $ 22,330,000,000 2004 est. 108 Afghanistan $ 21,500,000,000 2003 est. 109 Panama $ 20,570,000,000 2004 est. 110 Guinea $ 19,500,000,000 2004 est. 111 Qatar $ 19,490,000,000 2004 est. 112 Estonia $ 19,230,000,000 2004 est. 113 Lebanon $ 18,830,000,000 2004 est. 114 Honduras $ 18,790,000,000 2004 est. 115 Senegal $ 18,360,000,000 2004 est. 116 Albania $ 17,460,000,000 2004 est. 117 Yemen $ 16,250,000,000 2004 est. 118 Burkina Faso $ 15,740,000,000 2004 est. 119 Cyprus $ 15,710,000,000 2004 est. 120 Mauritius $ 15,680,000,000 2004 est. 121 Chad $ 15,660,000,000 2004 est. 122 Botswana $ 15,050,000,000 2004 est. 123 Namibia $ 14,760,000,000 2004 est. 124 Madagascar $ 14,560,000,000 2004 est. 125 Georgia $ 14,450,000,000 2004 est. 126 Macedonia $ 14,400,000,000 2004 est. 127 Armenia $ 13,650,000,000 2004 est. 128 Bahrain $ 13,010,000,000 2004 est. 129 Nicaragua $ 12,340,000,000 2004 est. 130 Haiti $ 12,050,000,000 2004 est. 131 Papua New Guinea $ 11,990,000,000 2004 est. 132 Trinidad and Tobago $ 11,480,000,000 2004 est. 133 Laos $ 11,280,000,000 2004 est. 134 Jamaica $ 11,130,000,000 2004 est. 135 Mali $ 11,000,000,000 2004 est. 136 Rwanda $ 10,430,000,000 2004 est. 137 Niger $ 9,716,000,000 2004 est. 138 Zambia $ 9,409,000,000 2004 est. 139 Iceland $ 9,373,000,000 2004 est. 140 Macau $ 9,100,000,000 2003 141 Togo $ 8,684,000,000 2004 est. 142 Moldova $ 8,581,000,000 2004 est. 143 Kyrgyzstan $ 8,495,000,000 2004 est. 144 Benin $ 8,338,000,000 2004 est. 145 Gabon $ 7,966,000,000 2004 est. 146 Tajikistan $ 7,950,000,000 2004 est. 147 Malawi $ 7,410,000,000 2004 est. 148 Malta $ 7,223,000,000 2004 est. 149 Brunei $ 6,842,000,000 2003 est. 150 Martinique $ 6,117,000,000 2003 est. 151 Swaziland $ 6,018,000,000 2004 est. 152 Lesotho $ 5,892,000,000 2004 est. 153 Mauritania $ 5,534,000,000 2004 est. 154 Mongolia $ 5,332,000,000 2004 est. 155 Bahamas, The $ 5,295,000,000 2004 est. 156 Fiji $ 5,173,000,000 2004 est. 157 Somalia $ 4,597,000,000 2004 est. 158 French Polynesia $ 4,580,000,000 2003 est. 159 Reunion $ 4,570,000,000 2004 est. 160 Barbados $ 4,569,000,000 2004 est. 161 Cyprus $ 4,540,000,000 2004 est. 162 Central African Republic $ 4,248,000,000 2004 est. 163 Eritrea $ 4,154,000,000 2004 est. 164 Burundi $ 4,001,000,000 2004 est. 165 Jersey $ 3,600,000,000 2003 est. 166 Guadeloupe $ 3,513,000,000 2003 est. 167 Sierra Leone $ 3,335,000,000 2004 est. 168 Guam $ 3,200,000,000 2000 est. 169 New Caledonia $ 3,158,000,000 2003 est. 170 Liberia $ 2,903,000,000 2004 est. 171 Bhutan $ 2,900,000,000 2003 est. 172 Guyana $ 2,899,000,000 2004 est. 173 Gambia, The $ 2,799,000,000 2004 est. 174 Guernsey $ 2,590,000,000 2003 est. 175 Virgin Islands $ 2,500,000,000 2002 est. 176 British Virgin Islands $ 2,498,000,000 2004 est. 177 Netherlands Antilles $ 2,450,000,000 2003 est. 178 Bermuda $ 2,330,000,000 2003 est. 179 Congo, Republic of the $ 2,324,000,000 2004 est. 180 Man, Isle of $ 2,113,000,000 2003 est. 181 Aruba $ 1,940,000,000 2002 est. 182 Andorra $ 1,900,000,000 2003 est. 183 Suriname $ 1,885,000,000 2004 est. 184 West Bank $ 1,800,000,000 2003 est. 185 Belize $ 1,778,000,000 2004 est. 186 French Guiana $ 1,551,000,000 2003 est. 187 Cayman Islands $ 1,391,000,000 2004 est. 188 Equatorial Guinea $ 1,270,000,000 2002 est. 189 Maldives $ 1,250,000,000 2002 est. 190 Greenland $ 1,100,000,000 2001 est. 191 Guinea-Bissau $ 1,008,000,000 2004 est. 192 Faroe Islands $ 1,000,000,000 2001 est. 193 Samoa $ 1,000,000,000 2002 est. 194 San Marino $ 940,000,000 2001 est. 195 Northern Mariana Islands $ 900,000,000 2000 est. 196 Monaco $ 870,000,000 2000 est. 197 Saint Lucia $ 866,000,000 2002 est. 198 Liechtenstein $ 825,000,000 1999 est. 199 Solomon Islands $ 800,000,000 2002 est. 200 Gibraltar $ 769,000,000 2000 est. 201 Gaza Strip $ 768,000,000 2003 est. 202 Antigua and Barbuda $ 750,000,000 2002 est. 203 Seychelles $ 626,000,000 2002 est. 204 Djibouti $ 619,000,000 2002 est. 205 Cape Verde $ 600,000,000 2002 est. 206 Vanuatu $ 580,000,000 2003 est. 207 American Samoa $ 500,000,000 2000 est. 208 Mayotte $ 466,800,000 2003 est. 209 Comoros $ 441,000,000 2002 est. 210 Grenada $ 440,000,000 2002 est. 211 Dominica $ 384,000,000 2003 est. 212 East Timor $ 370,000,000 2004 est. 213 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 342,000,000 2002 est. 214 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 339,000,000 2002 est. 215 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 277,000,000 2002 est. 216 Tonga $ 244,000,000 2002 est. 217 Turks and Caicos Islands $ 216,000,000 2002 est. 218 Sao Tome and Principe $ 214,000,000 2003 est. 219 Palau $ 174,000,000 2001 est. 220 Marshall Islands $ 115,000,000 2001 est. 221 Anguilla $ 112,000,000 2002 est. 222 Cook Islands $ 105,000,000 2001 est. 223 Kiribati $ 79,000,000 2001 est. 224 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $ 75,000,000 2002 est. 225 Nauru $ 60,000,000 2001 est. 226 Wallis and Futuna $ 60,000,000 2004 est. 227 Saint Pierre and Miquelon $ 48,300,000 2003 est. 228 Montserrat $ 29,000,000 2002 est. 229 Saint Helena $ 18,000,000 1998 est. 230 Tuvalu $ 12,200,000 2000 est. 231 Niue $ 7,600,000 2000 est. 232 Tokelau $ 1,500,000 1993 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2003
Rank Country GDP - real growth rate(%) Date of Information
1 Iraq 52.30 2004 est. 2 Chad 38.00 2004 est. 3 Liberia 21.80 2004 est. 4 Equatorial Guinea 20.00 2002 est. 5 Venezuela 16.80 2004 est. 6 Macau 15.60 2003 7 Ukraine 12.00 2004 est. 8 Angola 11.70 2004 est. 9 Ethiopia 11.60 2004 est. 10 Liechtenstein 11.00 1999 est. 11 Mongolia 10.60 2004 est. 12 Tajikistan 10.50 2004 est. 13 Uruguay 10.20 2004 est. 14 Faroe Islands 10.00 2001 est. 15 Azerbaijan 9.80 2004 est. 16 Georgia 9.50 2004 est. 17 China 9.10 2004 est. 18 Kazakhstan 9.10 2004 est. 19 Armenia 9.00 2004 est. 20 Qatar 8.70 2004 est. 21 Argentina 8.30 2004 est. 22 Mozambique 8.20 2004 est. 23 Turkey 8.20 2004 est. 24 Romania 8.10 2004 est. 25 Singapore 8.10 2004 est. 26 Hong Kong 7.90 2004 est. 27 Vietnam 7.70 2004 est. 28 Latvia 7.60 2004 est. 29 Afghanistan 7.50 2004 est. 30 Turkmenistan 7.50 2004 est. 31 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 7.50 2004 est. 32 San Marino 7.50 2001 est. 33 Cook Islands 7.10 2001 est. 34 Malaysia 7.10 2004 est. 35 Kuwait 6.80 2004 est. 36 Moldova 6.80 2004 est. 37 Russia 6.70 2004 est. 38 Lithuania 6.60 2004 est. 39 Serbia and Montenegro 6.50 2004 est. 40 Belarus 6.40 2004 est. 41 Sudan 6.40 2004 est. 42 Iran 6.30 2004 est. 43 India 6.20 2004 est. 44 Nigeria 6.20 2004 est. 45 Algeria 6.10 2004 est. 46 Thailand 6.10 2004 est. 47 Pakistan 6.10 2004 est. 48 Estonia 6.00 2004 est. 49 Gambia, The 6.00 2004 est. 50 West Bank 6.00 2003 est. 51 Taiwan 6.00 2004 est. 52 Sao Tome and Principe 6.00 2004 est. 53 Sierra Leone 6.00 2004 est. 54 Panama 6.00 2004 est. 55 Laos 6.00 2004 est. 56 Kyrgyzstan 6.00 2004 est. 57 Philippines 5.90 2004 est. 58 Solomon Islands 5.80 2003 est. 59 Ecuador 5.80 2004 est. 60 Tanzania 5.80 2004 est. 61 Chile 5.80 2004 est. 62 United Arab Emirates 5.70 2004 est. 63 Trinidad and Tobago 5.70 2004 est. 64 Albania 5.60 2004 est. 65 Bahrain 5.60 2004 est. 66 Poland 5.60 2004 est. 67 Madagascar 5.50 2004 est. 68 Cambodia 5.40 2004 est. 69 Ghana 5.40 2004 est. 70 Bhutan 5.30 2003 est. 71 Slovakia 5.30 2004 est. 72 Bulgaria 5.30 2004 est. 73 Sri Lanka 5.20 2004 est. 74 Brazil 5.10 2004 est. 75 Ireland 5.10 2004 est. 76 Tunisia 5.10 2004 est. 77 Jordan 5.10 2004 est. 78 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.00 2004 est. 79 Samoa 5.00 2002 est. 80 Cape Verde 5.00 2004 est. 81 Saudi Arabia 5.00 2004 est. 82 Uganda 5.00 2004 est. 83 Benin 5.00 2004 est. 84 Bangladesh 4.90 2004 est. 85 World 4.90 2004 est. 86 Turks and Caicos Islands 4.90 2000 est. 87 Libya 4.90 2004 est. 88 Indonesia 4.90 2004 est. 89 Cameroon 4.90 2004 est. 90 New Zealand 4.80 2004 est. 91 Burkina Faso 4.80 2004 est. 92 Namibia 4.80 2004 est. 93 Mauritius 4.70 2004 est. 94 Korea, South 4.60 2004 est. 95 Zambia 4.60 2004 est. 96 Egypt 4.50 2004 est. 97 Peru 4.50 2004 est. 98 Gaza Strip 4.50 2003 est. 99 Morocco 4.40 2004 est. 100 Uzbekistan 4.40 2004 est. 101 United States 4.40 2004 est. 102 Honduras 4.20 2004 est. 103 Suriname 4.20 2004 est. 104 Mexico 4.10 2004 est. 105 Lebanon 4.00 2004 est. 106 Nicaragua 4.00 2004 est. 107 Mali 4.00 2004 est. 108 Malawi 4.00 2004 est. 109 Costa Rica 3.90 2004 est. 110 Hungary 3.90 2004 est. 111 Slovenia 3.90 2004 est. 112 Israel 3.90 2004 est. 113 Bolivia 3.70 2004 est. 114 Greece 3.70 2004 est. 115 Congo, Republic of the 3.70 2004 est. 116 Croatia 3.70 2004 est. 117 Czech Republic 3.70 2004 est. 118 Colombia 3.60 2004 est. 119 Fiji 3.60 2004 est. 120 Sweden 3.60 2004 est. 121 Australia 3.50 2004 est. 122 Djibouti 3.50 2002 est. 123 Botswana 3.50 2004 est. 124 Belize 3.50 2004 est. 125 Niger 3.50 2004 est. 126 South Africa 3.50 2004 est. 127 Lesotho 3.30 2004 est. 128 Norway 3.30 2004 est. 129 Saint Lucia 3.30 2002 est. 130 Brunei 3.20 2003 est. 131 United Kingdom 3.20 2004 est. 132 Senegal 3.20 2004 est. 133 Cyprus 3.20 2004 est. 134 Antigua and Barbuda 3.00 2002 est. 135 Bahamas, The 3.00 2004 est. 136 Tuvalu 3.00 2000 est. 137 Togo 3.00 2004 est. 138 Nepal 3.00 2004 est. 139 Mauritania 3.00 2004 est. 140 Guernsey 3.00 2003 est. 141 Finland 3.00 2004 est. 142 Cuba 3.00 2004 est. 143 Burundi 3.00 2004 est. 144 Japan 2.90 2004 est. 145 Anguilla 2.80 2001 est. 146 Somalia 2.80 2004 est. 147 Paraguay 2.80 2004 est. 148 Puerto Rico 2.70 2004 est. 149 Belgium 2.60 2004 est. 150 Cyprus 2.60 2004 est. 151 Guatemala 2.60 2004 est. 152 Spain 2.60 2004 est. 153 Guinea-Bissau 2.60 2004 est. 154 Eritrea 2.50 2004 est. 155 Swaziland 2.50 2004 est. 156 Grenada 2.50 2002 est. 157 Reunion 2.50 2004 est. 158 Canada 2.40 2004 est. 159 European Union 2.40 2004 est. 160 Barbados 2.30 2004 est. 161 Maldives 2.30 2002 est. 162 Syria 2.30 2004 est. 163 Luxembourg 2.30 2004 est. 164 Kenya 2.20 2004 est. 165 Denmark 2.10 2004 est. 166 France 2.10 2004 est. 167 Andorra 2.00 2003 est. 168 Virgin Islands 2.00 2002 est. 169 Comoros 2.00 2002 est. 170 Bermuda 2.00 2003 est. 171 Austria 1.90 2004 est. 172 Gabon 1.90 2004 est. 173 Guyana 1.90 2004 est. 174 Yemen 1.90 2004 est. 175 Jamaica 1.90 2004 est. 176 El Salvador 1.80 2004 est. 177 Greenland 1.80 2001 est. 178 Switzerland 1.80 2004 est. 179 Iceland 1.80 2004 est. 180 Cayman Islands 1.70 2002 est. 181 Germany 1.70 2004 est. 182 Dominican Republic 1.70 2004 est. 183 Kiribati 1.50 2001 est. 184 Tonga 1.50 2002 est. 185 Seychelles 1.50 2004 est. 186 Italy 1.30 2004 est. 187 Macedonia 1.30 2004 est. 188 Oman 1.20 2004 est. 189 Netherlands 1.20 2004 est. 190 Vanuatu 1.10 2003 est. 191 Portugal 1.10 2004 est. 192 Micronesia, Federated States of 1.00 2002 est. 193 Guinea 1.00 2004 est. 194 Palau 1.00 2001 est. 195 British Virgin Islands 1.00 2002 est. 196 East Timor 1.00 2004 est. 197 Marshall Islands 1.00 2001 est. 198 Malta 1.00 2004 est. 199 Korea, North 1.00 2004 est. 200 Monaco 0.90 2000 est. 201 Rwanda 0.90 2004 est. 202 Papua New Guinea 0.90 2004 est. 203 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.70 2002 est. 204 Central African Republic 0.50 2004 est. 205 Netherlands Antilles 0.50 2003 est. 206 Niue -0.30 2000 est. 207 Dominica -1.00 2003 est. 208 Montserrat -1.00 2002 est. 209 Cote d'Ivoire -1.00 2004 est. 210 Burma -1.30 2004 est. 211 Aruba -1.50 2002 est. 212 Saint Kitts and Nevis -1.90 2002 est. 213 Haiti -3.50 2004 est. 214 Zimbabwe -8.20 2004 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2004
Rank Country GDP - per capita Date of Information
1 Luxembourg $ 58,900 2004 est. 2 United States $ 40,100 2004 est. 3 Guernsey $ 40,000 2003 est. 4 Norway $ 40,000 2004 est. 5 Jersey $ 40,000 2003 est. 6 British Virgin Islands $ 38,500 2004 est. 7 Bermuda $ 36,000 2003 est. 8 San Marino $ 34,600 2001 est. 9 Hong Kong $ 34,200 2004 est. 10 Switzerland $ 33,800 2004 est. 11 Cayman Islands $ 32,300 2004 est. 12 Denmark $ 32,200 2004 est. 13 Ireland $ 31,900 2004 est. 14 Iceland $ 31,900 2004 est. 15 Canada $ 31,500 2004 est. 16 Austria $ 31,300 2004 est. 17 Australia $ 30,700 2004 est. 18 Belgium $ 30,600 2004 est. 19 United Kingdom $ 29,600 2004 est. 20 Netherlands $ 29,500 2004 est. 21 Japan $ 29,400 2004 est. 22 Finland $ 29,000 2004 est. 23 France $ 28,700 2004 est. 24 Germany $ 28,700 2004 est. 25 Man, Isle of $ 28,500 2003 est. 26 Sweden $ 28,400 2004 est. 27 Aruba $ 28,000 2002 est. 28 Gibraltar $ 27,900 2000 est. 29 Singapore $ 27,800 2004 est. 30 Italy $ 27,700 2004 est. 31 Monaco $ 27,000 2000 est. 32 European Union $ 26,900 2004 est. 33 Andorra $ 26,800 2003 est. 34 Taiwan $ 25,300 2004 est. 35 United Arab Emirates $ 25,200 2004 est. 36 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $ 25,000 2002 est. 37 Liechtenstein $ 25,000 1999 est. 38 Brunei $ 23,600 2003 est. 39 Spain $ 23,300 2004 est. 40 New Zealand $ 23,200 2004 est. 41 Qatar $ 23,200 2004 est. 42 Faroe Islands $ 22,000 2001 est. 43 Greece $ 21,300 2004 est. 44 Kuwait $ 21,300 2004 est. 45 Guam $ 21,000 2000 est. 46 Israel $ 20,800 2004 est. 47 Cyprus $ 20,300 2004 est. 48 Greenland $ 20,000 2001 est. 49 Slovenia $ 19,600 2004 est. 50 Macau $ 19,400 2003 51 Bahrain $ 19,200 2004 est. 52 Korea, South $ 19,200 2004 est. 53 Malta $ 18,200 2004 est. 54 Portugal $ 17,900 2004 est. 55 Bahamas, The $ 17,700 2004 est. 56 Puerto Rico $ 17,700 2004 est. 57 French Polynesia $ 17,500 2003 est. 58 Virgin Islands $ 17,200 2002 est. 59 Czech Republic $ 16,800 2004 est. 60 Barbados $ 16,400 2004 est. 61 New Caledonia $ 15,000 2003 est. 62 Hungary $ 14,900 2004 est. 63 Slovakia $ 14,500 2004 est. 64 Uruguay $ 14,500 2004 est. 65 Martinique $ 14,400 2003 est. 66 Estonia $ 14,300 2004 est. 67 Oman $ 13,100 2004 est. 68 Mauritius $ 12,800 2004 est. 69 Northern Mariana Islands $ 12,500 2000 est. 70 Lithuania $ 12,500 2004 est. 71 Argentina $ 12,400 2004 est. 72 Poland $ 12,000 2004 est. 73 Saudi Arabia $ 12,000 2004 est. 74 Latvia $ 11,500 2004 est. 75 Turks and Caicos Islands $ 11,500 2002 est. 76 Netherlands Antilles $ 11,400 2003 est. 77 Croatia $ 11,200 2004 est. 78 South Africa $ 11,100 2004 est. 79 Antigua and Barbuda $ 11,000 2002 est. 80 Chile $ 10,700 2004 est. 81 Trinidad and Tobago $ 10,500 2004 est. 82 Russia $ 9,800 2004 est. 83 Malaysia $ 9,700 2004 est. 84 Costa Rica $ 9,600 2004 est. 85 Mexico $ 9,600 2004 est. 86 Botswana $ 9,200 2004 est. 87 Palau $ 9,000 2001 est. 88 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 8,800 2002 est. 89 World $ 8,800 2004 est. 90 French Guiana $ 8,300 2003 est. 91 Bulgaria $ 8,200 2004 est. 92 Brazil $ 8,100 2004 est. 93 Thailand $ 8,100 2004 est. 94 American Samoa $ 8,000 2000 est. 95 Guadeloupe $ 7,900 2003 est. 96 Kazakhstan $ 7,800 2004 est. 97 Seychelles $ 7,800 2002 est. 98 Iran $ 7,700 2004 est. 99 Romania $ 7,700 2004 est. 100 Anguilla $ 7,500 2002 est. 101 Turkey $ 7,400 2004 est. 102 Namibia $ 7,300 2004 est. 103 Cyprus $ 7,135 2004 est. 104 Macedonia $ 7,100 2004 est. 105 Tunisia $ 7,100 2004 est. 106 Saint Pierre and Miquelon $ 7,000 2001 est. 107 Panama $ 6,900 2004 est. 108 Belarus $ 6,800 2004 est. 109 Libya $ 6,700 2004 est. 110 Algeria $ 6,600 2004 est. 111 Colombia $ 6,600 2004 est. 112 Belize $ 6,500 2004 est. 113 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 6,500 2004 est. 114 Dominican Republic $ 6,300 2004 est. 115 Ukraine $ 6,300 2004 est. 116 Reunion $ 6,000 2004 est. 117 Fiji $ 5,900 2004 est. 118 Gabon $ 5,900 2004 est. 119 Venezuela $ 5,800 2004 est. 120 Turkmenistan $ 5,700 2004 est. 121 China $ 5,600 2004 est. 122 Peru $ 5,600 2004 est. 123 Samoa $ 5,600 2002 est. 124 Dominica $ 5,500 2003 est. 125 Saint Lucia $ 5,400 2002 est. 126 Swaziland $ 5,100 2004 est. 127 Cook Islands $ 5,000 2001 est. 128 Lebanon $ 5,000 2004 est. 129 Philippines $ 5,000 2004 est. 130 Nauru $ 5,000 2001 est. 131 Grenada $ 5,000 2002 est. 132 Albania $ 4,900 2004 est. 133 El Salvador $ 4,900 2004 est. 134 Paraguay $ 4,800 2004 est. 135 Armenia $ 4,600 2004 est. 136 Jordan $ 4,500 2004 est. 137 Suriname $ 4,300 2004 est. 138 Egypt $ 4,200 2004 est. 139 Morocco $ 4,200 2004 est. 140 Guatemala $ 4,200 2004 est. 141 Jamaica $ 4,100 2004 est. 142 Sri Lanka $ 4,000 2004 est. 143 Maldives $ 3,900 2002 est. 144 Azerbaijan $ 3,800 2004 est. 145 Wallis and Futuna $ 3,800 2004 est. 146 Guyana $ 3,800 2004 est. 147 Ecuador $ 3,700 2004 est. 148 Niue $ 3,600 2000 est. 149 Indonesia $ 3,500 2004 est. 150 Montserrat $ 3,400 2002 est. 151 Syria $ 3,400 2004 est. 152 Lesotho $ 3,200 2004 est. 153 Georgia $ 3,100 2004 est. 154 India $ 3,100 2004 est. 155 Cuba $ 3,000 2004 est. 156 Vanuatu $ 2,900 2003 est. 157 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 2,900 2002 est. 158 Honduras $ 2,800 2004 est. 159 Equatorial Guinea $ 2,700 2002 est. 160 Vietnam $ 2,700 2004 est. 161 Bolivia $ 2,600 2004 est. 162 Mayotte $ 2,600 2003 est. 163 Saint Helena $ 2,500 1998 est. 164 Serbia and Montenegro $ 2,400 2004 est. 165 Ghana $ 2,300 2004 est. 166 Tonga $ 2,300 2002 est. 167 Nicaragua $ 2,300 2004 est. 168 Pakistan $ 2,200 2004 est. 169 Papua New Guinea $ 2,200 2004 est. 170 Angola $ 2,100 2004 est. 171 Guinea $ 2,100 2004 est. 172 Iraq $ 2,100 2004 est. 173 Bangladesh $ 2,000 2004 est. 174 Cambodia $ 2,000 2004 est. 175 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 2,000 2002 est. 176 Cameroon $ 1,900 2004 est. 177 Laos $ 1,900 2004 est. 178 Mongolia $ 1,900 2004 est. 179 Moldova $ 1,900 2004 est. 180 Zimbabwe $ 1,900 2004 est. 181 Sudan $ 1,900 2004 est. 182 Gambia, The $ 1,800 2004 est. 183 Uzbekistan $ 1,800 2004 est. 184 Mauritania $ 1,800 2004 est. 185 Burma $ 1,700 2004 est. 186 Senegal $ 1,700 2004 est. 187 Kyrgyzstan $ 1,700 2004 est. 188 Korea, North $ 1,700 2004 est. 189 Solomon Islands $ 1,700 2002 est. 190 Chad $ 1,600 2004 est. 191 Togo $ 1,600 2004 est. 192 Marshall Islands $ 1,600 2001 est. 193 Haiti $ 1,500 2004 est. 194 Cote d'Ivoire $ 1,500 2004 est. 195 Uganda $ 1,500 2004 est. 196 Nepal $ 1,500 2004 est. 197 Bhutan $ 1,400 2003 est. 198 Cape Verde $ 1,400 2002 est. 199 Djibouti $ 1,300 2002 est. 200 Rwanda $ 1,300 2004 est. 201 Benin $ 1,200 2004 est. 202 Mozambique $ 1,200 2004 est. 203 Burkina Faso $ 1,200 2004 est. 204 Sao Tome and Principe $ 1,200 2003 est. 205 Central African Republic $ 1,100 2004 est. 206 Tuvalu $ 1,100 2000 est. 207 Tajikistan $ 1,100 2004 est. 208 Kenya $ 1,100 2004 est. 209 Nigeria $ 1,000 2004 est. 210 Tokelau $ 1,000 1993 est. 211 Eritrea $ 900 2004 est. 212 Zambia $ 900 2004 est. 213 Niger $ 900 2004 est. 214 Mali $ 900 2004 est. 215 Liberia $ 900 2004 est. 216 Afghanistan $ 800 2003 est. 217 Congo, Republic of the $ 800 2004 est. 218 Kiribati $ 800 2001 est. 219 Ethiopia $ 800 2004 est. 220 Madagascar $ 800 2004 est. 221 Yemen $ 800 2004 est. 222 West Bank $ 800 2003 est. 223 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 700 2004 est. 224 Guinea-Bissau $ 700 2004 est. 225 Tanzania $ 700 2004 est. 226 Comoros $ 700 2002 est. 227 Burundi $ 600 2004 est. 228 Somalia $ 600 2004 est. 229 Gaza Strip $ 600 2003 est. 230 Sierra Leone $ 600 2004 est. 231 Malawi $ 600 2004 est. 232 East Timor $ 400 2004 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2034
Rank Country Military expenditures - percent of GDP(%) Date of Information
1 Jordan 14.60 2004 2 Eritrea 13.40 2004 3 Oman 11.40 2003 4 Angola 10.60 2004 5 Qatar 10.00 6 Saudi Arabia 10.00 2002 7 Israel 8.70 FY02 8 Yemen 7.80 2003 9 Armenia 6.50 FY01 10 Bahrain 6.30 2004 11 Burundi 6.00 2004 12 Macedonia 6.00 13 Syria 5.90 14 Maldives 5.50 2004 15 Kuwait 5.30 2004 16 Turkey 5.30 2003 17 Brunei 5.10 2004 18 Morocco 5.00 2004 19 Pakistan 4.90 2004 20 Singapore 4.90 21 Ethiopia 4.60 2004 22 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.50 23 Djibouti 4.40 2004 24 China 4.30 2004 25 Greece 4.30 2003 26 Zimbabwe 4.30 2004 27 Botswana 3.90 2004 28 Libya 3.90 29 Tajikistan 3.90 FY01 30 Chile 3.80 2004 31 Cyprus 3.80 32 Colombia 3.40 FY01 33 Turkmenistan 3.40 34 Egypt 3.40 2004 35 Iran 3.30 2003 est. 36 United States 3.30 February 2004 37 Algeria 3.20 2004 38 Rwanda 3.20 2004 39 United Arab Emirates 3.10 40 Namibia 3.10 2004 41 Guinea-Bissau 3.10 2004 42 Lebanon 3.10 2004 43 Cambodia 3.00 44 Sudan 3.00 2004 45 Comoros 3.00 2004 46 Indonesia 3.00 2004 47 India 2.93 2005/06 48 Congo, Republic of the 2.80 2004 49 Korea, South 2.80 2004 50 Australia 2.70 2004 51 Afghanistan 2.60 2004 52 Azerbaijan 2.60 53 Taiwan 2.60 2004 54 France 2.60 2003 55 Sri Lanka 2.60 2004 56 Bulgaria 2.60 2003 57 Equatorial Guinea 2.50 2004 58 Vietnam 2.50 59 Romania 2.47 2002 60 Benin 2.40 2004 61 United Kingdom 2.40 2003 62 Croatia 2.39 2002 est. 63 Lesotho 2.30 2004 64 Portugal 2.30 2003 65 Ecuador 2.20 2004 66 Fiji 2.20 FY02 67 Mozambique 2.20 2004 68 Mongolia 2.20 FY02 69 Uganda 2.20 2004 70 Burma 2.10 71 Chad 2.10 2004 72 Malaysia 2.03 73 Czech Republic 2.02 2004 74 Belize 2.00 2003 75 Finland 2.00 FY98/99 76 Gabon 2.00 2004 77 Estonia 2.00 2002 est. 78 Uruguay 2.00 2004 79 World 2.00 80 Uzbekistan 2.00 81 Lithuania 1.90 FY01 82 Norway 1.90 2003 83 Togo 1.90 2004 84 Slovakia 1.89 2002 85 Bangladesh 1.80 2004 86 Zambia 1.80 2004 87 Thailand 1.80 2003 88 Seychelles 1.80 2004 89 Italy 1.80 2004 90 Brazil 1.80 2004 91 Cuba 1.80 2003 92 Bhutan 1.80 2004 93 Hungary 1.75 2002 est. 94 Poland 1.71 2002 95 Guinea 1.70 2004 96 Sierra Leone 1.70 2004 97 Sweden 1.70 2004 98 Slovenia 1.70 FY00 99 Mauritania 1.70 2004 100 Bolivia 1.60 2004 101 Netherlands 1.60 2004 102 Cameroon 1.60 2004 103 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1.50 2004 104 Cape Verde 1.50 2004 105 Denmark 1.50 2004 106 Germany 1.50 2003 107 Nepal 1.50 2004 108 South Africa 1.50 2004 109 Venezuela 1.50 2004 110 Tunisia 1.50 111 Senegal 1.50 2004 112 Albania 1.49 FY02 113 Belarus 1.40 FY02 114 Honduras 1.40 2004 115 Swaziland 1.40 2004 116 Ukraine 1.40 FY02 117 Peru 1.40 2004 118 Papua New Guinea 1.40 FY02 119 Kyrgyzstan 1.40 FY01 120 Argentina 1.30 FY00 121 Belgium 1.30 2003 122 Burkina Faso 1.30 2004 123 Kenya 1.30 2004 124 Cote d'Ivoire 1.20 2004 125 Madagascar 1.20 2004 126 Latvia 1.20 FY01 127 Spain 1.20 2003 128 Canada 1.10 2003 129 Dominican Republic 1.10 1998 130 Niger 1.10 2004 131 Panama 1.10 2004 132 El Salvador 1.10 2003 133 Central African Republic 1.00 2004 134 Japan 1.00 2004 135 Philippines 1.00 2004 136 Switzerland 1.00 FY01 137 New Zealand 1.00 FY02 138 Austria 0.90 2004 139 Ireland 0.90 FY00/01 140 Guyana 0.90 2004 141 Somalia 0.90 2003 142 Paraguay 0.90 2003 143 Mexico 0.90 2004 144 Luxembourg 0.90 2003 145 Kazakhstan 0.90 FY02 146 Haiti 0.90 2003 147 Guatemala 0.80 2003 148 Nigeria 0.80 2004 149 Sao Tome and Principe 0.80 2004 150 Malawi 0.70 2004 151 Malta 0.70 2004 152 Suriname 0.70 2003 153 Nicaragua 0.70 2004 154 Ghana 0.60 2004 155 Trinidad and Tobago 0.60 2003 156 Georgia 0.59 157 Laos 0.50 2004 158 Costa Rica 0.40 2003 159 Moldova 0.40 FY02 160 Jamaica 0.40 2003 161 Mali 0.40 2004 162 Gambia, The 0.30 2004 163 Liberia 0.20 2004 164 Mauritius 0.20 2004 165 Tanzania 0.20 2004 166 Bermuda 0.11
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2038
Rank Country Electricity - production(kWh) Date of Information
1 World 15,290,000,000,000 2002 est. 2 United States 3,839,000,000,000 2002 3 European Union 2,888,000,000,000 2002 est. 4 China 1,910,000,000,000 2003 5 Japan 1,044,000,000,000 2002 6 Russia 915,000,000,000 2003 7 Germany 560,000,000,000 2003 8 Canada 548,900,000,000 2002 9 India 547,200,000,000 2002 10 France 528,600,000,000 2002 11 United Kingdom 395,900,000,000 2003 12 Brazil 339,000,000,000 2002 13 Korea, South 322,500,000,000 2003 14 Italy 261,600,000,000 2002 15 Spain 229,000,000,000 2002 16 Australia 210,300,000,000 2002 17 Mexico 203,600,000,000 2002 18 South Africa 202,600,000,000 2002 19 Ukraine 180,000,000,000 2003 20 Taiwan 158,500,000,000 2002 21 Sweden 142,800,000,000 2002 22 Turkey 139,700,000,000 2003 23 Saudi Arabia 138,200,000,000 2002 24 Poland 133,800,000,000 2002 25 Iran 129,000,000,000 2002 26 Norway 125,900,000,000 2002 27 Thailand 118,900,000,000 2003 28 Indonesia 110,200,000,000 2003 29 Netherlands 90,610,000,000 2002 30 Venezuela 89,700,000,000 2003 31 Argentina 81,390,000,000 2002 32 Egypt 81,270,000,000 2002 33 Belgium 76,580,000,000 2002 34 Malaysia 75,330,000,000 2002 35 Pakistan 75,270,000,000 2003 36 Czech Republic 71,750,000,000 2002 37 Finland 71,590,000,000 2002 38 Kazakhstan 66,820,000,000 2003 39 Switzerland 63,470,000,000 2002 40 Austria 58,490,000,000 2002 41 Romania 56,530,000,000 2003 42 Philippines 52,860,000,000 2003 43 Chile 48,600,000,000 2004 44 Paraguay 48,360,000,000 2002 45 Uzbekistan 47,700,000,000 2002 46 Greece 47,220,000,000 2002 47 United Arab Emirates 45,120,000,000 2004 48 Colombia 44,870,000,000 2002 49 Portugal 43,280,000,000 2002 50 Bulgaria 43,070,000,000 2002 51 Israel 42,670,000,000 2002 52 New Zealand 38,390,000,000 2002 53 Denmark 36,380,000,000 2002 54 Hong Kong 35,510,000,000 2003 55 Singapore 35,330,000,000 2003 56 Vietnam 34,480,000,000 2002 57 Hungary 34,070,000,000 2002 58 Korea, North 33,620,000,000 2002 59 Iraq 32,600,000,000 2004 60 Kuwait 32,430,000,000 2002 61 Serbia and Montenegro 31,640,000,000 2002 62 Slovakia 31,150,000,000 2003 63 Belarus 30,000,000,000 2004 64 Syria 26,150,000,000 2002 65 Algeria 25,760,000,000 2002 66 Ireland 22,880,000,000 2002 67 Peru 22,880,000,000 2004 est. 68 Puerto Rico 22,090,000,000 2002 69 Libya 20,890,000,000 2002 70 Nigeria 19,850,000,000 2002 71 Lithuania 17,930,000,000 2002 72 Azerbaijan 17,550,000,000 2002 73 Bangladesh 16,450,000,000 2002 74 Tajikistan 15,080,000,000 2002 75 Cuba 14,410,000,000 2002 76 Morocco 13,910,000,000 2002 77 Croatia 12,510,000,000 2002 78 Slovenia 12,490,000,000 2003 79 Kyrgyzstan 11,720,000,000 2002 80 Ecuador 11,540,000,000 2002 81 Turkmenistan 11,410,000,000 2004 est. 82 Tunisia 10,720,000,000 2002 83 Bosnia and Herzegovina 10,040,000,000 2002 84 Oman 9,896,000,000 2003 85 Qatar 9,727,000,000 2002 86 Dominican Republic 9,583,000,000 2002 87 Mozambique 8,859,000,000 2002 88 Zimbabwe 8,839,000,000 2002 89 Uruguay 8,536,000,000 2003 90 Estonia 8,301,000,000 2002 91 Iceland 8,271,000,000 2002 92 Zambia 8,167,000,000 2002 93 Lebanon 8,066,000,000 2002 94 Jordan 7,307,000,000 2002 95 Ghana 6,922,000,000 2002 96 Bahrain 6,860,000,000 2002 97 Georgia 6,732,000,000 2002 98 Sri Lanka 6,697,000,000 2002 99 Costa Rica 6,614,000,000 2002 100 Guatemala 6,608,000,000 2002 101 Armenia 6,492,000,000 2002 102 Jamaica 6,289,000,000 2002 103 Macedonia 6,273,000,000 2003 104 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6,086,000,000 2002 105 Trinidad and Tobago 5,743,000,000 2002 106 Albania 5,680,000,000 2004 107 Burma 5,068,000,000 2003 108 Panama 4,873,000,000 2002 109 Cote d'Ivoire 4,759,000,000 2002 110 Latvia 4,547,000,000 2002 111 Kenya 4,475,000,000 2002 112 El Salvador 4,158,000,000 2004 113 Bolivia 4,132,000,000 2002 114 Cyprus 4,000,000,000 2003 115 Moldova 3,876,000,000 2002 116 Honduras 3,626,000,000 2002 117 Cameroon 3,571,000,000 2002 118 Laos 3,560,000,000 2002 119 Yemen 3,040,000,000 2002 est. 120 Tanzania 2,727,000,000 2002 121 Mongolia 2,692,000,000 2004 est. 122 Sudan 2,581,000,000 2002 123 Nicaragua 2,553,000,000 2002 124 Luxembourg 2,511,000,000 2002 125 Brunei 2,458,000,000 2002 126 Malta 2,150,000,000 2002 127 Ethiopia 2,149,000,000 2002 128 Nepal 2,054,000,000 2002 129 Bhutan 2,001,000,000 2002 130 Suriname 1,984,000,000 2002 131 Mauritius 1,836,000,000 2002 132 Uganda 1,775,000,000 2002 133 Senegal 1,737,000,000 2002 134 Macau 1,719,000,000 2003 135 Bahamas, The 1,716,000,000 2002 136 Angola 1,707,000,000 2002 137 Papua New Guinea 1,679,000,000 2002 138 New Caledonia 1,581,000,000 2002 139 Martinique 1,178,000,000 2002 140 Namibia 1,167,000,000 2002 141 Reunion 1,166,000,000 2002 142 Gabon 1,161,000,000 2002 143 Guadeloupe 1,160,000,000 2002 144 Malawi 1,088,000,000 2002 145 Virgin Islands 1,035,000,000 2002 146 Netherlands Antilles 1,005,000,000 2002 147 Botswana 930,000,000 2002 148 Guinea 855,000,000 2002 149 Madagascar 840,200,000 2002 150 Guam 835,000,000 2002 151 Guyana 808,000,000 2002 152 Aruba 807,700,000 2002 153 Barbados 800,000,000 2002 154 Fiji 750,000,000 2002 155 Mali 700,000,000 2002 156 Bermuda 643,000,000 2002 157 Haiti 618,000,000 2002 158 Afghanistan 540,000,000 2002 159 Liberia 488,800,000 2002 160 French Guiana 460,100,000 2002 161 Cayman Islands 410,800,000 2002 162 Swaziland 402,000,000 2002 163 French Polynesia 380,000,000 2002 164 Burkina Faso 361,000,000 2002 165 Congo, Republic of the 348,000,000 2002 166 Lesotho 314,000,000 2002 167 Benin 285,200,000 2002 168 Saint Lucia 270,300,000 2002 169 Niger 266,200,000 2002 170 Sierra Leone 255,300,000 2002 171 Eritrea 246,600,000 2002 172 Greenland 245,000,000 2002 173 Somalia 240,300,000 2002 174 Faroe Islands 220,000,000 2002 175 Seychelles 218,000,000 2002 176 Micronesia, Federated States of 192,000,000 2002 177 Mauritania 190,200,000 2002 178 Djibouti 180,000,000 2002 179 Rwanda 166,700,000 2002 180 Grenada 149,000,000 2002 181 Burundi 132,000,000 2002 182 American Samoa 130,000,000 2002 183 Maldives 124,400,000 2002 184 Cambodia 122,000,000 2003 185 Samoa 122,000,000 2002 186 Belize 117,000,000 2002 187 Antigua and Barbuda 110,800,000 2002 188 Togo 108,800,000 2002 189 Central African Republic 106,000,000 2002 190 Saint Kitts and Nevis 105,800,000 2002 191 Gibraltar 104,000,000 2002 192 Chad 96,130,000 2002 193 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 91,200,000 2002 194 Gambia, The 90,310,000 2002 195 Western Sahara 90,000,000 2002 196 Dominica 68,410,000 2002 197 Guinea-Bissau 55,000,000 2002 198 Vanuatu 48,420,000 2002 199 Cape Verde 43,080,000 2002 200 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 43,080,000 2002 201 British Virgin Islands 36,280,000 2002 202 Solomon Islands 32,000,000 2002 203 Nauru 30,000,000 2002 204 Cook Islands 27,000,000 2002 205 Equatorial Guinea 26,690,000 2002 206 Tonga 24,790,000 2002 207 Comoros 23,840,000 2002 208 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 19,060,000 2002 209 Sao Tome and Principe 17,000,000 2002 210 Kiribati 7,000,000 2002 211 Saint Helena 5,000,000 2002 212 Turks and Caicos Islands 5,000,000 2002 213 Niue 3,000,000 2002 214 Montserrat 1,800,000 2002
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2042
Rank Country Electricity - consumption(kWh) Date of Information
1 World 14,280,000,000,000 2002 est. 2 United States 3,660,000,000,000 2002 3 European Union 2,661,000,000,000 2002 est. 4 China 1,630,000,000,000 2003 5 Japan 971,000,000,000 2002 6 Russia 894,300,000,000 2003 7 Germany 519,500,000,000 2003 8 India 510,100,000,000 2002 9 Canada 487,300,000,000 2002 10 France 414,700,000,000 2002 11 Brazil 351,900,000,000 2002 12 United Kingdom 337,400,000,000 2003 13 Italy 293,900,000,000 2002 14 Korea, South 293,600,000,000 2003 15 Spain 218,400,000,000 2002 16 Australia 195,600,000,000 2002 17 Mexico 189,700,000,000 2002 18 South Africa 189,400,000,000 2002 19 Taiwan 147,400,000,000 2002 20 Sweden 138,100,000,000 2002 21 Ukraine 132,000,000,000 2003 22 Saudi Arabia 128,500,000,000 2002 23 Iran 119,900,000,000 2002 24 Turkey 117,900,000,000 2002 25 Poland 117,400,000,000 2002 26 Norway 107,400,000,000 2002 27 Thailand 106,100,000,000 2003 28 Netherlands 100,700,000,000 2002 29 Indonesia 92,350,000,000 2003 30 Venezuela 89,300,000,000 2003 31 Argentina 81,650,000,000 2002 32 Belgium 78,820,000,000 2002 33 Finland 78,580,000,000 2002 34 Egypt 75,580,000,000 2002 35 Malaysia 68,400,000,000 2002 36 Kazakhstan 62,210,000,000 203 37 Romania 57,500,000,000 2003 38 Czech Republic 55,330,000,000 2002 39 Austria 55,090,000,000 2002 40 Switzerland 54,530,000,000 2002 41 Pakistan 52,660,000,000 2003 42 Greece 47,420,000,000 2002 43 Uzbekistan 46,660,000,000 2002 44 Philippines 46,050,000,000 2003 45 Portugal 42,150,000,000 2002 46 Chile 41,800,000,000 2002 47 Colombia 41,140,000,000 2002 48 Hong Kong 38,450,000,000 2003 49 Israel 38,300,000,000 2002 50 United Arab Emirates 36,510,000,000 2002 51 Hungary 35,990,000,000 2002 52 New Zealand 35,710,000,000 2002 53 Belarus 34,300,000,000 2004 54 Iraq 33,700,000,000 2004 55 Bulgaria 32,710,000,000 2002 56 Serbia and Montenegro 32,330,000,000 2002 57 Vietnam 32,060,000,000 2002 58 Singapore 32,000,000,000 2003 59 Denmark 31,630,000,000 2002 60 Korea, North 31,260,000,000 2002 61 Kuwait 30,160,000,000 2002 62 Slovakia 28,890,000,000 2003 63 Syria 24,320,000,000 2002 64 Algeria 23,610,000,000 2002 65 Ireland 21,780,000,000 2002 66 Puerto Rico 20,540,000,000 2002 67 Peru 20,220,000,000 2002 68 Libya 19,430,000,000 2002 69 Nigeria 18,430,000,000 2002 70 Azerbaijan 17,370,000,000 2002 71 Bangladesh 15,300,000,000 2002 72 Croatia 15,200,000,000 2002 73 Tajikistan 14,410,000,000 2002 74 Morocco 14,240,000,000 2002 75 Cuba 13,400,000,000 2002 76 Slovenia 11,800,000,000 2003 77 Zimbabwe 11,220,000,000 2002 78 Ecuador 10,790,000,000 2002 79 Kyrgyzstan 10,210,000,000 2002 80 Lithuania 10,170,000,000 2002 81 Tunisia 10,050,000,000 2002 82 Oman 9,792,000,000 2003 83 Qatar 9,046,000,000 2002 84 Dominican Republic 8,912,000,000 2002 85 Turkmenistan 8,908,000,000 2002 86 Lebanon 8,591,000,000 2002 87 Bosnia and Herzegovina 8,318,000,000 2002 88 Iceland 7,692,000,000 2002 89 Macedonia 7,216,000,000 2003 90 Jordan 7,094,000,000 2002 91 Georgia 6,811,000,000 2002 92 Albania 6,760,000,000 2004 93 Bahrain 6,379,000,000 2002 94 Estonia 6,358,000,000 2002 95 Sri Lanka 6,228,000,000 2002 96 Ghana 6,137,000,000 2002 97 Uruguay 5,878,000,000 2003 98 Jamaica 5,849,000,000 2002 99 Latvia 5,829,000,000 2002 100 Armenia 5,797,000,000 2002 101 Guatemala 5,760,000,000 2002 102 Luxembourg 5,735,000,000 2002 103 Costa Rica 5,733,000,000 2002 104 Zambia 5,345,000,000 2002 105 Trinidad and Tobago 5,341,000,000 2002 106 Mozambique 5,046,000,000 2002 107 Moldova 4,605,000,000 2002 108 Panama 4,473,000,000 2002 109 El Salvador 4,450,000,000 2004 110 Kenya 4,337,000,000 2002 111 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 4,168,000,000 2002 112 Bolivia 3,848,000,000 2002 113 Honduras 3,771,000,000 2002 114 Cyprus 3,663,000,000 2003 115 Burma 3,484,000,000 2003 116 Cameroon 3,321,000,000 2002 117 Laos 3,036,000,000 2002 118 Cote d'Ivoire 2,976,000,000 2002 119 Yemen 2,827,000,000 2002 est. 120 Tanzania 2,566,000,000 2002 121 Paraguay 2,469,000,000 2002 122 Sudan 2,400,000,000 2002 123 Nicaragua 2,318,000,000 2002 124 Brunei 2,286,000,000 2002 125 Mongolia 2,209,000,000 2004 est. 126 Nepal 2,005,000,000 2002 127 Malta 2,000,000,000 2002 128 Ethiopia 1,998,000,000 2002 129 Namibia 1,920,000,000 2002 130 Botswana 1,890,000,000 2002 131 Suriname 1,845,000,000 2002 132 Macau 1,772,000,000 2003 133 Mauritius 1,707,000,000 2002 134 Senegal 1,615,000,000 2002 135 Bahamas, The 1,596,000,000 2002 136 Angola 1,587,000,000 2002 137 Papua New Guinea 1,561,000,000 2002 138 New Caledonia 1,471,000,000 2002 139 Uganda 1,401,000,000 2002 140 Swaziland 1,173,000,000 2002 141 Martinique 1,095,000,000 2002 142 Reunion 1,084,000,000 2002 143 Gabon 1,080,000,000 2002 144 Guadeloupe 1,079,000,000 2002 145 Malawi 1,012,000,000 2002 146 Virgin Islands 962,600,000 2002 147 Netherlands Antilles 934,300,000 2002 148 Guinea 795,200,000 2002 149 Madagascar 781,400,000 2002 150 Guam 776,600,000 2002 151 Guyana 751,400,000 2002 152 Aruba 751,200,000 2002 153 Barbados 744,000,000 2002 154 Fiji 697,500,000 2002 155 Afghanistan 652,200,000 2002 156 Mali 651,000,000 2002 157 Jersey 630,100,000 2004 est. 158 Cyprus 602,000,000 2003 159 Bermuda 598,000,000 2002 160 Haiti 574,700,000 2002 161 Congo, Republic of the 573,600,000 2002 162 Benin 565,200,000 2002 163 Liberia 454,600,000 2002 164 Togo 451,200,000 2002 165 French Guiana 427,900,000 2002 166 Cayman Islands 382,100,000 2002 167 French Polynesia 353,400,000 2002 168 Burkina Faso 335,700,000 2002 169 Niger 327,600,000 2002 170 Bhutan 312,900,000 2002 171 Lesotho 308,000,000 2002 172 Saint Lucia 251,300,000 2002 173 Sierra Leone 237,400,000 2002 174 Eritrea 229,400,000 2002 175 Greenland 227,900,000 2002 176 Somalia 223,500,000 2002 177 Faroe Islands 204,600,000 2002 178 Seychelles 202,800,000 2002 179 Rwanda 195,000,000 2002 180 Micronesia, Federated States of 178,600,000 2002 181 Mauritania 176,900,000 2002 182 Djibouti 167,400,000 2002 183 Grenada 138,600,000 2002 184 Burundi 137,800,000 2002 185 American Samoa 120,900,000 2002 186 Maldives 115,700,000 2002 187 Samoa 113,500,000 2002 188 Belize 108,800,000 2002 189 Antigua and Barbuda 103,000,000 2002 190 Cambodia 100,600,000 2002 191 Central African Republic 98,580,000 2002 192 Saint Kitts and Nevis 98,440,000 2002 193 Gibraltar 96,760,000 2002 194 Chad 89,400,000 2002 195 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 84,820,000 2002 196 Gambia, The 83,990,000 2002 197 Western Sahara 83,700,000 2002 198 Dominica 63,620,000 2002 199 Guinea-Bissau 51,150,000 2002 200 Vanuatu 45,030,000 2002 201 Anguilla 42,600,000 202 Cape Verde 40,060,000 2002 203 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 40,060,000 2002 204 British Virgin Islands 33,740,000 2002 205 Solomon Islands 29,760,000 2002 206 Nauru 27,900,000 2002 207 Cook Islands 25,110,000 2002 208 Equatorial Guinea 24,820,000 2002 209 Tonga 23,060,000 2002 210 Comoros 22,170,000 2002 211 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 17,720,000 2002 212 Sao Tome and Principe 15,810,000 2002 213 Kiribati 6,510,000 2002 214 Saint Helena 4,650,000 2002 215 Turks and Caicos Islands 4,650,000 2002 216 Niue 2,790,000 2002 217 Montserrat 1,674,000 2002
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2053
Rank Country Airports Date of Information
1 World 49,973 2004 2 United States 14,857 2004 est. 3 Brazil 4,136 2004 est. 4 European Union 3,130 2004 est. 5 Russia 2,586 2004 est. 6 Mexico 1,833 2004 est. 7 Argentina 1,334 2004 est. 8 Canada 1,326 2004 est. 9 Bolivia 1,065 2004 est. 10 Colombia 980 2004 est. 11 Paraguay 878 2004 est. 12 South Africa 728 2004 est. 13 Indonesia 667 2004 est. 14 Ukraine 656 2004 est. 15 Papua New Guinea 571 2004 est. 16 Germany 550 2004 est. 17 France 478 2004 est. 18 China 472 2004 est. 19 United Kingdom 471 2004 est. 20 Guatemala 452 2004 est. 21 Australia 448 2004 est. 22 Zimbabwe 404 2004 est. 23 Venezuela 369 2004 est. 24 Chile 364 2004 est. 25 India 333 2004 est. 26 Kazakhstan 314 2004 est. 27 Iran 305 2004 est. 28 Philippines 255 2004 est. 29 Sweden 254 2004 est. 30 Angola 243 2004 est. 31 Peru 234 2004 est. 32 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 230 2004 est. 33 Uzbekistan 226 2004 est. 34 Kenya 221 2004 est. 35 Bulgaria 213 2004 est. 36 Ecuador 205 2004 est. 37 Saudi Arabia 201 2004 est. 38 Korea, South 179 2004 est. 39 Nicaragua 176 2004 est. 40 Japan 174 2004 est. 41 Cuba 170 2004 est. 42 Mozambique 158 2004 est. 43 Spain 156 2004 est. 44 Costa Rica 149 2004 est. 45 Finland 148 2004 est. 46 Libya 139 2004 est. 47 Algeria 137 2004 est. 48 Oman 136 2004 est. 49 Namibia 136 2004 est. 50 Italy 134 2004 est. 51 Belarus 133 2004 est. 52 Pakistan 131 2004 est. 53 Poland 123 2004 est. 54 Tanzania 123 2004 est. 55 Czech Republic 120 2004 est. 56 Turkey 119 2004 est. 57 Malaysia 117 2004 est. 58 Madagascar 116 2004 est. 59 New Zealand 116 2004 est. 60 Honduras 115 2004 est. 61 Iraq 111 2004 est. 62 Thailand 109 2004 est. 63 Zambia 109 2004 est. 64 Panama 105 2004 est. 65 Lithuania 102 2004 est. 66 Norway 101 2004 est. 67 Iceland 98 2004 est. 68 Denmark 97 2004 est. 69 Syria 92 2004 est. 70 Egypt 87 2004 est. 71 Botswana 85 2004 est. 72 Ethiopia 83 2004 est. 73 Greece 80 2004 est. 74 Burma 78 2004 est. 75 Korea, North 78 2004 est. 76 Sudan 75 2004 est. 77 El Salvador 73 2004 est. 78 Nigeria 70 2004 est. 79 Croatia 68 2004 est. 80 Portugal 65 2004 est. 81 Switzerland 65 2004 est. 82 Uruguay 64 2004 est. 83 Bahamas, The 63 2004 est. 84 Morocco 63 2004 est. 85 Romania 61 2004 est. 86 Somalia 60 2004 est. 87 Gabon 56 2004 est. 88 Austria 55 2004 est. 89 Tajikistan 55 2004 est. 90 Liberia 53 2004 est. 91 Turkmenistan 53 2004 est. 92 Kyrgyzstan 52 2004 est. 93 Israel 51 2004 est. 94 Azerbaijan 50 2004 est. 95 Chad 50 2004 est. 96 Central African Republic 50 2004 est. 97 Latvia 50 2004 est. 98 French Polynesia 50 2004 est. 99 Guyana 49 2004 est. 100 Afghanistan 47 2004 est. 101 Cameroon 47 2004 est. 102 Mongolia 46 2004 est. 103 Suriname 46 2004 est. 104 Nepal 46 2004 est. 105 Hungary 44 2004 est. 106 Serbia and Montenegro 44 2004 est. 107 Yemen 44 2004 est. 108 Laos 44 2004 est. 109 Belgium 43 2004 est. 110 Belize 43 2004 est. 111 Malawi 42 2004 est. 112 Taiwan 40 2004 est. 113 Cote d'Ivoire 37 2004 est. 114 Ireland 36 2004 est. 115 United Arab Emirates 35 2004 est. 116 Jamaica 35 2004 est. 117 Slovakia 34 2004 est. 118 Solomon Islands 33 2004 est. 119 Burkina Faso 33 2004 est. 120 Congo, Republic of the 32 2004 est. 121 Dominican Republic 31 2004 est. 122 Georgia 30 2004 est. 123 Tunisia 30 2004 est. 124 Puerto Rico 30 2004 est. 125 Vanuatu 30 2004 est. 126 Estonia 29 2004 est. 127 Uganda 29 2004 est. 128 Fiji 28 2004 est. 129 Lesotho 28 2004 est. 130 Mali 28 2004 est. 131 Guinea-Bissau 28 2004 est. 132 Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 2004 est. 133 Niger 27 2004 est. 134 Netherlands 27 2004 est. 135 New Caledonia 25 2004 est. 136 Mauritania 24 2004 est. 137 Vietnam 24 2004 est. 138 Moldova 23 2004 est. 139 Cambodia 20 2004 est. 140 Senegal 20 2004 est. 141 Kiribati 20 2004 est. 142 Swaziland 18 2004 est. 143 Cyprus 17 2004 est. 144 Macedonia 17 2004 est. 145 Jordan 17 2004 est. 146 Eritrea 17 2004 est. 147 Armenia 16 2004 est. 148 Guinea 16 2004 est. 149 Bangladesh 16 2004 est. 150 Marshall Islands 15 2004 est. 151 Seychelles 15 2004 est. 152 Sri Lanka 14 2004 est. 153 Greenland 14 2004 est. 154 Slovenia 14 2004 est. 155 Djibouti 13 2004 est. 156 Haiti 13 2004 est. 157 Ghana 12 2004 est. 158 Albania 11 2004 est. 159 Western Sahara 11 2004 est. 160 French Guiana 11 2004 est. 161 Sierra Leone 10 2004 est. 162 Singapore 10 2004 est. 163 Cook Islands 9 2004 est. 164 Togo 9 2004 est. 165 Rwanda 9 2004 est. 166 Guadeloupe 9 2004 est. 167 Burundi 8 2004 est. 168 East Timor 8 2004 est. 169 Turks and Caicos Islands 8 2004 est. 170 Lebanon 8 2004 est. 171 Cape Verde 7 2004 est. 172 Kuwait 7 2004 est. 173 Micronesia, Federated States of 6 2004 est. 174 Trinidad and Tobago 6 2004 est. 175 Mauritius 6 2004 est. 176 Tonga 6 2004 est. 177 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6 2004 est. 178 Benin 5 2004 est. 179 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 5 2004 est. 180 Northern Mariana Islands 5 2004 est. 181 Maldives 5 2004 est. 182 Netherlands Antilles 5 2004 est. 183 Guam 5 2004 est. 184 Bahrain 4 2004 est. 185 Equatorial Guinea 4 2004 est. 186 Qatar 4 2004 est. 187 Samoa 4 2004 est. 188 Svalbard 4 2004 est. 189 Comoros 4 2004 est. 190 Hong Kong 4 2004 est. 191 Antigua and Barbuda 3 2004 est. 192 Cayman Islands 3 2004 est. 193 West Bank 3 2004 est. 194 British Virgin Islands 3 2004 est. 195 Palau 3 2004 est. 196 Spratly Islands 3 2004 est. 197 Midway Islands 3 2004 est. 198 Grenada 3 2004 est. 199 Anguilla 3 2004 est. 200 American Samoa 3 2004 est. 201 Bhutan 2 2004 est. 202 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2 2004 est. 203 Wallis and Futuna 2 2004 est. 204 Virgin Islands 2 2004 est. 205 Sao Tome and Principe 2 2004 est. 206 Saint Lucia 2 2004 est. 207 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2 2004 est. 208 Reunion 2 2004 est. 209 Luxembourg 2 2004 est. 210 Martinique 2 2004 est. 211 Gaza Strip 2 2004 est. 212 Brunei 2 2004 est. 213 Guernsey 2 2004 est. 214 Dominica 2 2004 est. 215 Aruba 1 2004 est. 216 Wake Island 1 2004 est. 217 Tuvalu 1 2004 est. 218 Tromelin Island 1 2004 est. 219 Saint Helena 1 2004 est. 220 Paracel Islands 1 2004 est. 221 Palmyra Atoll 1 2004 est. 222 Christmas Island 1 2004 est. 223 Juan de Nova Island 1 2004 est. 224 Johnston Atoll 1 2004 est. 225 Jan Mayen 1 2004 est. 226 Jersey 1 2004 est. 227 British Indian Ocean Territory 1 2004 est. 228 Man, Isle of 1 2004 est. 229 Glorioso Islands 1 2004 est. 230 Nauru 1 2004 est. 231 Norfolk Island 1 2004 est. 232 Niue 1 2004 est. 233 Malta 1 2004 est. 234 Montserrat 1 2004 est. 235 Mayotte 1 2004 est. 236 Macau 1 2004 est. 237 Gibraltar 1 2004 est. 238 Gambia, The 1 2004 est. 239 Bermuda 1 2004 est. 240 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1 2004 est. 241 Faroe Islands 1 2004 est. 242 Europa Island 1 2004 est. 243 Barbados 1 2004 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2054
Rank Country Birth rate(births/1,000 population) Date of Information
1 Niger 51.33 2005 est. 2 Mali 49.99 2005 est. 3 Uganda 47.39 2005 est. 4 Afghanistan 47.02 2005 est. 5 Chad 46.17 2005 est. 6 Sierra Leone 46.13 2005 est. 7 Burkina Faso 45.96 2005 est. 8 Angola 45.63 2005 est. 9 Somalia 45.62 2005 est. 10 Liberia 45.61 2005 est. 11 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 44.07 2005 est. 12 Malawi 43.49 2005 est. 13 Yemen 43.07 2005 est. 14 Congo, Republic of the 43.01 2005 est. 15 Burundi 42.46 2005 est. 16 Guinea 42.01 2005 est. 17 Madagascar 41.66 2005 est. 18 Mayotte 41.58 2005 est. 19 Mauritania 41.43 2005 est. 20 Zambia 41.38 2005 est. 21 Sao Tome and Principe 40.80 2005 est. 22 Nigeria 40.65 2005 est. 23 Rwanda 40.60 2005 est. 24 Kenya 40.13 2005 est. 25 Gaza Strip 40.03 2005 est. 26 Djibouti 39.98 2005 est. 27 Gambia, The 39.89 2005 est. 28 Benin 39.58 2005 est. 29 Ethiopia 38.61 2005 est. 30 Tanzania 38.16 2005 est. 31 Guinea-Bissau 37.62 2005 est. 32 Comoros 37.52 2005 est. 33 Togo 37.17 2005 est. 34 Oman 36.73 2005 est. 35 Haiti 36.59 2005 est. 36 Gabon 36.34 2005 est. 37 Equatorial Guinea 36.01 2005 est. 38 Laos 35.99 2005 est. 39 Mozambique 35.79 2005 est. 40 Cote d'Ivoire 35.51 2005 est. 41 Maldives 35.43 2005 est. 42 Sudan 35.17 2005 est. 43 Eritrea 34.78 2005 est. 44 Central African Republic 34.32 2005 est. 45 Cameroon 34.30 2005 est. 46 Bhutan 34.03 2005 est. 47 Marshall Islands 33.52 2005 est. 48 Senegal 33.42 2005 est. 49 Tajikistan 32.58 2005 est. 50 Iraq 32.50 2005 est. 51 West Bank 32.37 2005 est. 52 Nepal 31.45 2005 est. 53 Ghana 31.12 2005 est. 54 Kiribati 30.86 2005 est. 55 Solomon Islands 30.74 2005 est. 56 Guatemala 30.56 2005 est. 57 Pakistan 30.42 2005 est. 58 Bangladesh 30.01 2005 est. 59 Papua New Guinea 29.95 2005 est. 60 Saudi Arabia 29.56 2005 est. 61 Paraguay 29.43 2005 est. 62 Belize 29.32 2005 est. 63 Honduras 28.87 2005 est. 64 Syria 28.29 2005 est. 65 Zimbabwe 28.22 2005 est. 66 Swaziland 27.92 2005 est. 67 Turkmenistan 27.68 2005 est. 68 East Timor 27.19 2005 est. 69 El Salvador 27.04 2005 est. 70 Cambodia 26.93 2005 est. 71 Libya 26.82 2005 est. 72 Uzbekistan 26.22 2005 est. 73 Cape Verde 25.33 2005 est. 74 Philippines 25.31 2005 est. 75 Tonga 25.18 2005 est. 76 Namibia 25.16 2005 est. 77 Nauru 25.14 2005 est. 78 Lesotho 25.12 2005 est. 79 Micronesia, Federated States of 25.11 2005 est. 80 Nicaragua 24.88 2005 est. 81 Bolivia 23.76 2005 est. 82 Dominican Republic 23.51 2005 est. 83 Botswana 23.33 2005 est. 84 Egypt 23.32 2005 est. 85 American Samoa 23.13 2005 est. 86 Malaysia 23.07 2005 est. 87 Vanuatu 23.06 2005 est. 88 Fiji 22.73 2005 est. 89 Ecuador 22.67 2005 est. 90 Kyrgyzstan 22.48 2005 est. 91 India 22.32 2005 est. 92 Grenada 22.30 2005 est. 93 Morocco 22.29 2005 est. 94 Turks and Caicos Islands 22.23 2005 est. 95 Panama 22.00 2005 est. 96 Tuvalu 21.91 2005 est. 97 Kuwait 21.88 2005 est. 98 Jordan 21.76 2005 est. 99 Mongolia 21.52 2005 est. 100 Jamaica 21.25 2005 est. 101 Mexico 21.01 2005 est. 102 Peru 20.87 2005 est. 103 Colombia 20.82 2005 est. 104 Indonesia 20.71 2005 est. 105 French Guiana 20.70 2005 est. 106 Azerbaijan 20.40 2005 est. 107 World 20.15 2005 est. 108 Saint Lucia 20.05 2005 est. 109 Northern Mariana Islands 19.51 2005 est. 110 Reunion 19.26 2005 est. 111 Guam 19.03 2005 est. 112 Brunei 19.01 2005 est. 113 Venezuela 18.91 2005 est. 114 Lebanon 18.88 2005 est. 115 United Arab Emirates 18.78 2005 est. 116 Costa Rica 18.60 2005 est. 117 New Caledonia 18.49 2005 est. 118 South Africa 18.48 2005 est. 119 Guyana 18.45 2005 est. 120 Suriname 18.39 2005 est. 121 Palau 18.37 2005 est. 122 Israel 18.21 2005 est. 123 Burma 18.12 2005 est. 124 Saint Kitts and Nevis 18.12 2005 est. 125 Bahrain 18.10 2005 est. 126 Bahamas, The 17.87 2005 est. 127 Montserrat 17.56 2005 est. 128 Antigua and Barbuda 17.26 2005 est. 129 Algeria 17.13 2005 est. 130 Vietnam 17.07 2005 est. 131 French Polynesia 16.93 2005 est. 132 Argentina 16.90 2005 est. 133 Brazil 16.83 2005 est. 134 Turkey 16.83 2005 est. 135 Iran 16.83 2005 est. 136 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16.34 2005 est. 137 Seychelles 16.22 2005 est. 138 Korea, North 16.09 2005 est. 139 Samoa 15.95 2005 est. 140 Greenland 15.93 2005 est. 141 Kazakhstan 15.78 2005 est. 142 Dominica 15.73 2005 est. 143 Sri Lanka 15.63 2005 est. 144 Mauritius 15.62 2005 est. 145 Qatar 15.54 2005 est. 146 Tunisia 15.50 2005 est. 147 Chile 15.44 2005 est. 148 Guadeloupe 15.42 2005 est. 149 Moldova 15.27 2005 est. 150 Albania 15.08 2005 est. 151 Netherlands Antilles 15.00 2005 est. 152 British Virgin Islands 14.88 2005 est. 153 Ireland 14.47 2005 est. 154 Anguilla 14.26 2005 est. 155 Virgin Islands 14.20 2005 est. 156 Martinique 14.14 2005 est. 157 United States 14.14 2005 est. 158 Uruguay 14.09 2005 est. 159 Thailand 14.00 2005 est. 160 Faroe Islands 13.97 2005 est. 161 New Zealand 13.90 2005 est. 162 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 13.83 2005 est. 163 Iceland 13.73 2005 est. 164 China 13.14 2005 est. 165 Cayman Islands 12.92 2005 est. 166 Puerto Rico 12.88 2005 est. 167 Barbados 12.81 2005 est. 168 Trinidad and Tobago 12.72 2005 est. 169 Taiwan 12.64 2005 est. 170 Cyprus 12.57 2005 est. 171 Saint Helena 12.33 2005 est. 172 Australia 12.26 2005 est. 173 France 12.15 2005 est. 174 Serbia and Montenegro 12.12 2005 est. 175 Luxembourg 12.06 2005 est. 176 Cuba 12.03 2005 est. 177 Macedonia 12.00 2005 est. 178 Armenia 11.76 2005 est. 179 Norway 11.67 2005 est. 180 Bermuda 11.60 2005 est. 181 Denmark 11.36 2005 est. 182 Aruba 11.26 2005 est. 183 Man, Isle of 11.18 2005 est. 184 Netherlands 11.14 2005 est. 185 Gibraltar 10.87 2005 est. 186 Canada 10.84 2005 est. 187 Belarus 10.83 2005 est. 188 Portugal 10.82 2005 est. 189 United Kingdom 10.78 2005 est. 190 Romania 10.70 2005 est. 191 Slovakia 10.62 2005 est. 192 Finland 10.50 2005 est. 193 Belgium 10.48 2005 est. 194 Liechtenstein 10.41 2005 est. 195 Sweden 10.36 2005 est. 196 Georgia 10.25 2005 est. 197 San Marino 10.18 2005 est. 198 Malta 10.17 2005 est. 199 Spain 10.10 2005 est. 200 Korea, South 10.04 2005 est. 201 European Union 10.00 July 2005 est. 202 Estonia 9.91 2005 est. 203 Russia 9.80 2005 est. 204 Switzerland 9.77 2005 est. 205 Hungary 9.76 2005 est. 206 Greece 9.72 2005 est. 207 Poland 9.72 2005 est. 208 Bulgaria 9.66 2005 est. 209 Jersey 9.66 2005 est. 210 Croatia 9.57 2005 est. 211 Singapore 9.49 2005 est. 212 Japan 9.47 2005 est. 213 Monaco 9.26 2005 est. 214 Czech Republic 9.07 2005 est. 215 Latvia 9.04 2005 est. 216 Guernsey 9.01 2005 est. 217 Andorra 9.00 2005 est. 218 Slovenia 8.95 2005 est. 219 Italy 8.89 2005 est. 220 Austria 8.81 2005 est. 221 Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.75 2005 est. 222 Ukraine 8.67 2005 est. 223 Lithuania 8.62 2005 est. 224 Macau 8.47 2005 est. 225 Germany 8.33 2005 est. 226 Hong Kong 7.26 2005 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2066
Rank Country Death rate(deaths/1,000 population) Date of Information
1 Botswana 29.36 2005 est. 2 Swaziland 28.82 2005 est. 3 Lesotho 28.67 2005 est. 4 Angola 24.50 2005 est. 5 Liberia 23.93 2005 est. 6 Sierra Leone 23.43 2005 est. 7 Zimbabwe 21.92 2005 est. 8 South Africa 21.32 2005 est. 9 Niger 21.19 2005 est. 10 Mozambique 20.99 2005 est. 11 Afghanistan 20.75 2005 est. 12 Zambia 20.23 2005 est. 13 Malawi 19.63 2005 est. 14 Djibouti 19.39 2005 est. 15 Central African Republic 18.81 2005 est. 16 Namibia 18.36 2005 est. 17 Mali 17.23 2005 est. 18 Nigeria 17.18 2005 est. 19 Somalia 16.97 2005 est. 20 Guinea-Bissau 16.73 2005 est. 21 Chad 16.71 2005 est. 22 Tanzania 16.71 2005 est. 23 Rwanda 16.32 2005 est. 24 Burkina Faso 15.92 2005 est. 25 Guinea 15.63 2005 est. 26 Ethiopia 15.06 2005 est. 27 Equatorial Guinea 15.04 2005 est. 28 Cote d'Ivoire 14.94 2005 est. 29 Kenya 14.65 2005 est. 30 Russia 14.52 2005 est. 31 Ukraine 14.43 2005 est. 32 Bulgaria 14.26 2005 est. 33 Belarus 14.15 2005 est. 34 Burundi 13.79 2005 est. 35 Latvia 13.70 2005 est. 36 Cameroon 13.63 2005 est. 37 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 13.54 2005 est. 38 Congo, Republic of the 13.30 2005 est. 39 Estonia 13.21 2005 est. 40 Hungary 13.19 2005 est. 41 Bhutan 12.94 2005 est. 42 Uganda 12.80 2005 est. 43 Moldova 12.79 2005 est. 44 Monaco 12.71 2005 est. 45 Gambia, The 12.52 2005 est. 46 Benin 12.49 2005 est. 47 Mauritania 12.44 2005 est. 48 Haiti 12.34 2005 est. 49 Gabon 12.03 2005 est. 50 Laos 11.83 2005 est. 51 Romania 11.74 2005 est. 52 Croatia 11.38 2005 est. 53 Madagascar 11.35 2005 est. 54 Man, Isle of 11.26 2005 est. 55 Lithuania 10.92 2005 est. 56 Germany 10.55 2005 est. 57 Czech Republic 10.54 2005 est. 58 Serbia and Montenegro 10.49 2005 est. 59 Denmark 10.43 2005 est. 60 Portugal 10.43 2005 est. 61 Sweden 10.36 2005 est. 62 Trinidad and Tobago 10.36 2005 est. 63 Italy 10.30 2005 est. 64 Belgium 10.22 2005 est. 65 Slovenia 10.22 2005 est. 66 United Kingdom 10.18 2005 est. 67 Greece 10.15 2005 est. 68 European Union 10.10 July 2005 est. 69 Togo 10.01 2005 est. 70 Guernsey 9.95 2005 est. 71 Ghana 9.91 2005 est. 72 Eritrea 9.87 2005 est. 73 Azerbaijan 9.86 2005 est. 74 Burma 9.85 2005 est. 75 Poland 9.84 2005 est. 76 Finland 9.79 2005 est. 77 Austria 9.70 2005 est. 78 Spain 9.63 2005 est. 79 Senegal 9.59 2005 est. 80 Nepal 9.47 2005 est. 81 Kazakhstan 9.46 2005 est. 82 Norway 9.45 2005 est. 83 Slovakia 9.43 2005 est. 84 Jersey 9.19 2005 est. 85 Gibraltar 9.18 2005 est. 86 Sudan 9.16 2005 est. 87 Cambodia 9.15 2005 est. 88 Georgia 9.09 2005 est. 89 France 9.08 2005 est. 90 Uruguay 9.06 2005 est. 91 Bahamas, The 8.97 2005 est. 92 Japan 8.95 2005 est. 93 Turkmenistan 8.78 2005 est. 94 World 8.78 2005 est. 95 Barbados 8.74 2005 est. 96 Macedonia 8.73 2005 est. 97 Faroe Islands 8.69 2005 est. 98 Netherlands 8.68 2005 est. 99 Yemen 8.53 2005 est. 100 Switzerland 8.48 2005 est. 101 Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.47 2005 est. 102 Pakistan 8.45 2005 est. 103 Luxembourg 8.41 2005 est. 104 Bangladesh 8.40 2005 est. 105 Comoros 8.40 2005 est. 106 Tajikistan 8.39 2005 est. 107 Kiribati 8.37 2005 est. 108 Guyana 8.32 2005 est. 109 India 8.28 2005 est. 110 United States 8.25 2005 est. 111 Armenia 8.16 2005 est. 112 Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.08 2005 est. 113 San Marino 8.07 2005 est. 114 Malta 8.00 2005 est. 115 Uzbekistan 7.95 2005 est. 116 Mayotte 7.90 2005 est. 117 Vanuatu 7.90 2005 est. 118 Ireland 7.85 2005 est. 119 Greenland 7.77 2005 est. 120 Canada 7.73 2005 est. 121 Bolivia 7.64 2005 est. 122 Cyprus 7.64 2005 est. 123 Bermuda 7.63 2005 est. 124 Argentina 7.56 2005 est. 125 Puerto Rico 7.54 2005 est. 126 New Zealand 7.53 2005 est. 127 Australia 7.44 2005 est. 128 Papua New Guinea 7.37 2005 est. 129 Maldives 7.24 2005 est. 130 Tuvalu 7.22 2005 est. 131 Cuba 7.19 2005 est. 132 Grenada 7.17 2005 est. 133 Montserrat 7.17 2005 est. 134 Suriname 7.16 2005 est. 135 Kyrgyzstan 7.13 2005 est. 136 Liechtenstein 7.06 2005 est. 137 Korea, North 7.05 2005 est. 138 Mongolia 7.03 2005 est. 139 Thailand 6.98 2005 est. 140 China 6.94 2005 est. 141 Palau 6.85 2005 est. 142 Mauritius 6.83 2005 est. 143 Nauru 6.82 2005 est. 144 Dominica 6.81 2005 est. 145 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6.70 2005 est. 146 Iceland 6.68 2005 est. 147 Sao Tome and Principe 6.68 2005 est. 148 Cape Verde 6.62 2005 est. 149 Aruba 6.57 2005 est. 150 Samoa 6.54 2005 est. 151 Sri Lanka 6.49 2005 est. 152 Jamaica 6.47 2005 est. 153 Martinique 6.44 2005 est. 154 Saint Helena 6.43 2005 est. 155 Netherlands Antilles 6.41 2005 est. 156 Taiwan 6.38 2005 est. 157 Seychelles 6.34 2005 est. 158 East Timor 6.30 2005 est. 159 Peru 6.26 2005 est. 160 Virgin Islands 6.26 2005 est. 161 Indonesia 6.25 2005 est. 162 Lebanon 6.24 2005 est. 163 Vietnam 6.20 2005 est. 164 Israel 6.18 2005 est. 165 Brazil 6.15 2005 est. 166 Hong Kong 6.13 2005 est. 167 Andorra 6.07 2005 est. 168 Guadeloupe 6.06 2005 est. 169 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6.00 2005 est. 170 Turkey 5.96 2005 est. 171 El Salvador 5.85 2005 est. 172 Chile 5.76 2005 est. 173 Dominican Republic 5.73 2005 est. 174 Korea, South 5.72 2005 est. 175 Belize 5.65 2005 est. 176 New Caledonia 5.65 2005 est. 177 Fiji 5.65 2005 est. 178 Morocco 5.64 2005 est. 179 Colombia 5.59 2005 est. 180 Iran 5.55 2005 est. 181 Iraq 5.49 2005 est. 182 Reunion 5.48 2005 est. 183 Philippines 5.47 2005 est. 184 Antigua and Barbuda 5.44 2005 est. 185 Anguilla 5.43 2005 est. 186 Tonga 5.35 2005 est. 187 Guatemala 5.30 2005 est. 188 Panama 5.28 2005 est. 189 Egypt 5.26 2005 est. 190 Honduras 5.25 2005 est. 191 Albania 5.12 2005 est. 192 Saint Lucia 5.12 2005 est. 193 Tunisia 5.09 2005 est. 194 Malaysia 5.06 2005 est. 195 Venezuela 4.90 2005 est. 196 Marshall Islands 4.88 2005 est. 197 Syria 4.88 2005 est. 198 Micronesia, Federated States of 4.87 2005 est. 199 French Guiana 4.85 2005 est. 200 Cayman Islands 4.81 2005 est. 201 Mexico 4.73 2005 est. 202 French Polynesia 4.63 2005 est. 203 Qatar 4.61 2005 est. 204 Algeria 4.60 2005 est. 205 Paraguay 4.53 2005 est. 206 Nicaragua 4.49 2005 est. 207 British Virgin Islands 4.42 2005 est. 208 Guam 4.41 2005 est. 209 Macau 4.35 2005 est. 210 Costa Rica 4.33 2005 est. 211 Turks and Caicos Islands 4.28 2005 est. 212 United Arab Emirates 4.26 2005 est. 213 Ecuador 4.24 2005 est. 214 Singapore 4.16 2005 est. 215 Bahrain 4.08 2005 est. 216 West Bank 3.99 2005 est. 217 Solomon Islands 3.98 2005 est. 218 Gaza Strip 3.87 2005 est. 219 Oman 3.86 2005 est. 220 Libya 3.48 2005 est. 221 Brunei 3.42 2005 est. 222 American Samoa 3.33 2005 est. 223 Jordan 2.63 2005 est. 224 Saudi Arabia 2.62 2005 est. 225 Kuwait 2.42 2005 est. 226 Northern Mariana Islands 2.30 2005 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2067
Rank Country Military expenditures - dollar figure Date of Information
1 United States $ 370,700,000,000 March 2003 2 China $ 67,490,000,000 2004 3 Japan $ 45,841,000,000 2004 4 France $ 45,238,100,000 2003 5 United Kingdom $ 42,836,500,000 2003 6 Germany $ 35,063,000,000 2003 7 Italy $ 28,182,800,000 2003 8 India $ 18,860,000,000 2005 9 Saudi Arabia $ 18,000,000,000 2002 10 Australia $ 16,650,000,000 2004 11 Korea, South $ 16,180,000,000 2004 12 Turkey $ 12,155,000,000 2003 13 Brazil $ 11,000,000,000 2004 14 Spain $ 9,906,500,000 2003 15 Canada $ 9,801,700,000 2003 16 Netherlands $ 9,408,000,000 2004 17 Israel $ 9,110,000,000 FY03 18 Taiwan $ 7,574,000,000 2003 19 Mexico $ 6,043,000,000 2004 20 Greece $ 5,890,000,000 2004 21 Sweden $ 5,729,000,000 2004 22 Korea, North $ 5,217,400,000 FY02 23 Singapore $ 4,470,000,000 24 Argentina $ 4,300,000,000 25 Iran $ 4,300,000,000 2003 est. 26 Norway $ 4,033,500,000 2003 27 Belgium $ 3,999,000,000 2003 28 Pakistan $ 3,848,000,000 2004 29 Poland $ 3,500,000,000 2002 30 Portugal $ 3,497,800,000 2003 31 Chile $ 3,420,000,000 2004 32 Colombia $ 3,300,000,000 33 Denmark $ 3,271,600,000 2003 34 South Africa $ 3,172,000,000 2004 35 Kuwait $ 2,584,500,000 2004 36 Switzerland $ 2,548,000,000 FY01 37 Algeria $ 2,480,000,000 2004 38 Egypt $ 2,440,000,000 2003 39 Morocco $ 2,305,600,000 2003 40 Czech Republic $ 2,170,000,000 2004 41 Finland $ 1,800,000,000 FY98/99 42 Thailand $ 1,775,000,000 43 Malaysia $ 1,690,000,000 44 Venezuela $ 1,687,000,000 2004 45 United Arab Emirates $ 1,600,000,000 46 Austria $ 1,497,000,000 FY01/02 47 Jordan $ 1,460,000,000 2004 48 Indonesia $ 1,300,000,000 2004 49 Iraq $ 1,300,000,000 FY00 50 Libya $ 1,300,000,000 51 New Zealand $ 1,147,000,000 FY03/04 52 Hungary $ 1,080,000,000 2002 est. 53 Bangladesh $ 995,300,000 2004 54 Romania $ 985,000,000 2002 55 Yemen $ 885,500,000 2003 56 Syria $ 858,000,000 57 Peru $ 829,300,000 2003 58 Philippines $ 805,500,000 2004 59 Qatar $ 723,000,000 60 Ireland $ 700,000,000 FY00/01 61 Ecuador $ 655,000,000 2004 62 Serbia and Montenegro $ 654,000,000 2002 63 Vietnam $ 650,000,000 64 Bahrain $ 628,900,000 2004 65 Croatia $ 620,000,000 2004 66 Ukraine $ 617,900,000 FY02 67 Sudan $ 587,000,000 2004 68 Cuba $ 572,300,000 2003 69 Nigeria $ 544,600,000 2004 70 Lebanon $ 540,600,000 2004 71 Sri Lanka $ 514,800,000 2004 72 Slovakia $ 406,000,000 2002 73 Cyprus $ 384,000,000 74 Slovenia $ 370,000,000 FY00 75 Bulgaria $ 356,000,000 FY02 76 Tunisia $ 356,000,000 77 Botswana $ 338,500,000 2004 78 Ethiopia $ 337,100,000 2004 79 Brunei $ 290,700,000 2004 80 Uruguay $ 257,500,000 2004 81 Oman $ 252,990,000 2004 82 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 234,300,000 83 Luxembourg $ 231,600,000 2003 84 Lithuania $ 230,800,000 FY01 85 Kazakhstan $ 221,800,000 FY02 86 Cameroon $ 221,100,000 2004 87 Zimbabwe $ 217,000,000 2004 88 Guatemala $ 201,900,000 2004 89 Macedonia $ 200,000,000 90 Uzbekistan $ 200,000,000 91 Afghanistan $ 188,400,000 2004 92 Gabon $ 184,800,000 2004 93 Angola $ 183,580,000 2004 94 Cote d'Ivoire $ 180,200,000 2004 95 Dominican Republic $ 180,000,000 1998 96 Kenya $ 177,100,000 2004 97 Belarus $ 176,100,000 FY02 98 Uganda $ 170,300,000 2004 99 Namibia $ 168,400,000 2004 100 El Salvador $ 157,000,000 2003 101 Estonia $ 155,000,000 2002 est. 102 Eritrea $ 151,000,000 2004 103 Panama $ 147,000,000 2004 104 Armenia $ 135,000,000 FY01 105 Bolivia $ 132,200,000 2004 106 Congo, Republic of the $ 126,500,000 2004 107 Equatorial Guinea $ 126,200,000 2004 108 Azerbaijan $ 121,000,000 109 Mozambique $ 117,300,000 2004 110 Cambodia $ 112,000,000 111 Senegal $ 107,300,000 2004 112 Zambia $ 106,800,000 2004 113 Chad $ 101,300,000 2004 114 Honduras $ 100,600,000 2004 115 Nepal $ 99,200,000 2004 116 Benin $ 96,500,000 2004 117 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 93,500,000 2004 118 Turkmenistan $ 90,000,000 119 Latvia $ 87,000,000 FY01 120 Trinidad and Tobago $ 66,700,000 2003 121 Costa Rica $ 64,200,000 2004 122 Burkina Faso $ 64,200,000 2004 123 Guinea $ 56,700,000 2004 124 Albania $ 56,500,000 FY02 125 Paraguay $ 53,100,000 2004 126 Rwanda $ 50,100,000 2004 127 Ghana $ 49,200,000 2004 128 Madagascar $ 44,600,000 2004 129 Maldives $ 41,100,000 2004 130 Swaziland $ 40,500,000 2004 131 Burma $ 39,000,000 132 Burundi $ 38,700,000 2004 133 Fiji $ 36,000,000 2004 134 Togo $ 35,500,000 2004 135 Tajikistan $ 35,400,000 FY01 136 Niger $ 33,300,000 2004 137 Nicaragua $ 32,800,000 2004 138 Lesotho $ 32,300,000 2004 139 Jamaica $ 31,200,000 2003 140 Malta $ 31,100,000 2004 141 Djibouti $ 28,600,000 2004 142 Haiti $ 26,000,000 2003 143 Mongolia $ 23,100,000 FY02 144 Georgia $ 23,000,000 145 Mali $ 22,400,000 2004 146 Mauritania $ 20,800,000 2004 147 Tanzania $ 20,600,000 2004 148 Kyrgyzstan $ 19,200,000 FY01 149 Somalia $ 18,900,000 2003 150 Belize $ 18,000,000 2003 151 Papua New Guinea $ 16,900,000 2003 152 Central African Republic $ 15,500,000 2004 153 Cape Verde $ 14,100,000 2004 154 Bhutan $ 13,700,000 2004 155 Sierra Leone $ 13,200,000 2004 156 Mauritius $ 12,500,000 2004 157 Seychelles $ 12,300,000 2004 158 Comoros $ 11,600,000 2004 159 Malawi $ 11,100,000 2004 160 Laos $ 10,700,000 2004 161 Guinea-Bissau $ 8,900,000 2004 162 Moldova $ 8,700,000 2004 163 Suriname $ 7,500,000 2003 164 Guyana $ 6,500,000 2003 165 East Timor $ 4,400,000 FY03 166 Bermuda $ 4,030,000 2001 167 Liberia $ 1,500,000 2004 168 Gambia, The $ 1,000,000 2004 169 San Marino $ 700,000 FY00/01 170 Sao Tome and Principe $ 700,000 2004
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2078
Rank Country Exports Date of Information
1 World $ 8,819,000,000,000 2003 est. 2 European Union $ 1,109,000,000,000 2003 3 Germany $ 893,300,000,000 2004 est. 4 United States $ 795,000,000,000 2004 est. 5 China $ 583,100,000,000 2004 est. 6 Japan $ 538,800,000,000 2004 est. 7 France $ 419,000,000,000 2004 est. 8 United Kingdom $ 347,200,000,000 2004 est. 9 Italy $ 336,400,000,000 2004 est. 10 Canada $ 315,600,000,000 2004 est. 11 Netherlands $ 293,100,000,000 2004 est. 12 Hong Kong $ 268,100,000,000 2004 est. 13 Belgium $ 255,700,000,000 2003 est. 14 Korea, South $ 250,600,000,000 2004 est. 15 Mexico $ 182,400,000,000 2004 est. 16 Singapore $ 174,000,000,000 2004 est. 17 Spain $ 172,500,000,000 2004 est. 18 Taiwan $ 170,500,000,000 2004 est. 19 Russia $ 162,500,000,000 2004 est. 20 Switzerland $ 130,700,000,000 2004 est. 21 Malaysia $ 123,500,000,000 2004 est. 22 Sweden $ 121,700,000,000 2004 est. 23 Saudi Arabia $ 113,000,000,000 2004 est. 24 Ireland $ 103,800,000,000 2004 est. 25 Austria $ 102,700,000,000 2004 est. 26 Brazil $ 95,000,000,000 2004 est. 27 Thailand $ 87,910,000,000 2004 est. 28 Australia $ 86,890,000,000 2004 est. 29 Norway $ 76,640,000,000 2004 est. 30 Poland $ 75,980,000,000 2004 est. 31 Denmark $ 73,060,000,000 2004 est. 32 Indonesia $ 69,860,000,000 2004 est. 33 United Arab Emirates $ 69,480,000,000 2004 est. 34 Turkey $ 69,460,000,000 2004 est. 35 India $ 69,180,000,000 2004 est. 36 Czech Republic $ 66,510,000,000 2004 est. 37 Finland $ 61,040,000,000 2004 est. 38 Hungary $ 54,620,000,000 2004 est. 39 Puerto Rico $ 46,900,000,000 2001 40 South Africa $ 41,970,000,000 2004 est. 41 Iran $ 38,790,000,000 2004 est. 42 Philippines $ 38,630,000,000 2004 est. 43 Portugal $ 37,680,000,000 2004 est. 44 Venezuela $ 35,840,000,000 2004 est. 45 Israel $ 34,410,000,000 2004 est. 46 Nigeria $ 33,990,000,000 2004 est. 47 Argentina $ 33,780,000,000 2004 est. 48 Ukraine $ 32,910,000,000 2004 est. 49 Algeria $ 32,160,000,000 2004 est. 50 Slovakia $ 29,240,000,000 2004 est. 51 Chile $ 29,200,000,000 2004 est. 52 Kuwait $ 27,420,000,000 2004 est. 53 Vietnam $ 23,720,000,000 2004 est. 54 Romania $ 23,540,000,000 2004 est. 55 New Zealand $ 19,850,000,000 2004 est. 56 Libya $ 18,650,000,000 2004 est. 57 Kazakhstan $ 18,470,000,000 2004 est. 58 Colombia $ 15,500,000,000 2004 est. 59 Greece $ 15,500,000,000 2004 est. 60 Pakistan $ 15,070,000,000 2004 est. 61 Qatar $ 15,000,000,000 2004 est. 62 Slovenia $ 14,970,000,000 2004 est. 63 Luxembourg $ 13,400,000,000 2003 64 Oman $ 13,140,000,000 2004 est. 65 Angola $ 12,760,000,000 2004 est. 66 Peru $ 12,300,000,000 2004 est. 67 Belarus $ 11,470,000,000 2004 est. 68 Egypt $ 11,000,000,000 2004 est. 69 Iraq $ 10,100,000,000 2004 est. 70 Tunisia $ 9,926,000,000 2004 est. 71 Morocco $ 9,754,000,000 2004 est. 72 Bulgaria $ 9,134,000,000 2004 est. 73 Lithuania $ 8,880,000,000 2004 est. 74 Bahrain $ 8,205,000,000 2004 est. 75 Croatia $ 7,845,000,000 2004 est. 76 Brunei $ 7,700,000,000 2003 est. 77 Ecuador $ 7,560,000,000 2004 est. 78 Bangladesh $ 7,478,000,000 2004 est. 79 Trinidad and Tobago $ 6,671,000,000 2004 est. 80 Costa Rica $ 6,184,000,000 2004 est. 81 Syria $ 6,086,000,000 2004 est. 82 Estonia $ 5,701,000,000 2004 est. 83 Panama $ 5,699,000,000 2004 est. 84 Dominican Republic $ 5,446,000,000 2004 est. 85 Sri Lanka $ 5,306,000,000 2004 est. 86 Cote d'Ivoire $ 5,124,000,000 2004 est. 87 Yemen $ 4,468,000,000 2004 est. 88 Turkmenistan $ 4,000,000,000 2004 est. 89 Gabon $ 3,710,000,000 2004 est. 90 Uzbekistan $ 3,700,000,000 2004 est. 91 Latvia $ 3,569,000,000 2004 est. 92 Sudan $ 3,395,000,000 2004 est. 93 El Salvador $ 3,249,000,000 2004 est. 94 Serbia and Montenegro $ 3,245,000,000 2004 est. 95 Jordan $ 3,200,000,000 2004 est. 96 Azerbaijan $ 3,168,000,000 2004 est. 97 Ghana $ 3,010,000,000 2004 est. 98 Botswana $ 2,940,000,000 2004 est. 99 Paraguay $ 2,936,000,000 2004 est. 100 Guatemala $ 2,911,000,000 2004 est. 101 Iceland $ 2,902,000,000 2004 est. 102 Equatorial Guinea $ 2,771,000,000 2004 est. 103 Malta $ 2,625,000,000 2004 est. 104 Kenya $ 2,589,000,000 2004 est. 105 Macau $ 2,580,000,000 2003 106 Liechtenstein $ 2,470,000,000 1996 107 Cameroon $ 2,445,000,000 2004 est. 108 Papua New Guinea $ 2,437,000,000 2004 est. 109 Cambodia $ 2,311,000,000 2004 est. 110 Congo, Republic of the $ 2,224,000,000 2004 est. 111 Uruguay $ 2,200,000,000 2003 est. 112 Burma $ 2,137,000,000 2004 est. 113 Cuba $ 2,104,000,000 2004 est. 114 Mauritius $ 2,012,000,000 2004 est. 115 Bolivia $ 1,986,000,000 2004 est. 116 Lebanon $ 1,783,000,000 2004 est. 117 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 1,700,000,000 2004 est. 118 Jamaica $ 1,679,000,000 2004 est. 119 Macedonia $ 1,629,000,000 2004 est. 120 Netherlands Antilles $ 1,579,000,000 2002 121 Zambia $ 1,548,000,000 2004 est. 122 Honduras $ 1,457,000,000 2004 est. 123 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 1,417,000,000 2002 est. 124 Zimbabwe $ 1,409,000,000 2004 est. 125 Senegal $ 1,374,000,000 2004 est. 126 Namibia $ 1,356,000,000 2004 est. 127 Tanzania $ 1,248,000,000 2004 est. 128 Korea, North $ 1,200,000,000 2003 est. 129 Tajikistan $ 1,130,000,000 2004 est. 130 Cyprus $ 1,094,000,000 2004 est. 131 Liberia $ 1,079,000,000 2002 est. 132 Moldova $ 1,030,000,000 2004 est. 133 Mali $ 915,000,000 2002 est. 134 Georgia $ 909,400,000 2004 est. 135 Swaziland $ 900,100,000 2004 est. 136 Bermuda $ 879,000,000 2002 137 Madagascar $ 868,200,000 2004 est. 138 Mongolia $ 853,000,000 2004 est. 139 Armenia $ 850,000,000 2004 est. 140 Nicaragua $ 750,000,000 2004 est. 141 Benin $ 720,900,000 2004 est. 142 Guinea $ 709,200,000 2004 est. 143 Mozambique $ 689,400,000 2004 est. 144 Antigua and Barbuda $ 689,000,000 2002 145 Togo $ 663,100,000 2004 est. 146 Kyrgyzstan $ 646,700,000 2004 est. 147 Bahamas, The $ 636,000,000 2003 est. 148 Uganda $ 621,700,000 2004 est. 149 Fiji $ 609,000,000 2002 150 Guyana $ 570,200,000 2004 est. 151 Nepal $ 568,000,000 2002 est. 152 Ethiopia $ 562,800,000 2004 est. 153 Albania $ 552,400,000 2004 est. 154 Mauritania $ 541,000,000 2002 155 Malawi $ 503,400,000 2004 est. 156 Suriname $ 495,000,000 2002 157 Lesotho $ 484,500,000 2004 est. 158 New Caledonia $ 448,000,000 2002 159 Afghanistan $ 446,000,000 FY03-04 160 Burkina Faso $ 418,600,000 2004 est. 161 Faroe Islands $ 408,000,000 2002 162 Belize $ 401,400,000 2004 est. 163 Greenland $ 388,000,000 2002 164 Laos $ 365,500,000 2004 est. 165 Chad $ 365,000,000 2003 est. 166 Haiti $ 338,100,000 2004 est. 167 Niger $ 280,000,000 2002 est. 168 Seychelles $ 256,200,000 2004 est. 169 Martinique $ 250,000,000 1997 170 French Polynesia $ 244,000,000 2002 171 Reunion $ 214,000,000 1997 172 Barbados $ 206,000,000 2002 173 Gaza Strip $ 205,000,000 2002 174 West Bank $ 205,000,000 2002 175 Central African Republic $ 172,000,000 2002 est. 176 Turks and Caicos Islands $ 169,200,000 2000 177 Djibouti $ 155,000,000 2002 est. 178 French Guiana $ 155,000,000 2002 est. 179 Bhutan $ 154,000,000 2000 est. 180 Guadeloupe $ 140,000,000 1997 181 Gibraltar $ 136,000,000 2002 182 Aruba $ 128,000,000 2002 est. 183 Gambia, The $ 114,400,000 2004 est. 184 Maldives $ 90,000,000 2002 est. 185 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $ 82,000,000 2002 186 Somalia $ 79,000,000 2002 est. 187 Solomon Islands $ 74,000,000 2003 est. 188 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 70,000,000 2002 est. 189 Rwanda $ 69,780,000 2004 est. 190 Saint Lucia $ 66,000,000 2002 est. 191 Eritrea $ 64,440,000 2004 est. 192 Cape Verde $ 61,110,000 2004 est. 193 Andorra $ 58,000,000 1998 194 Guinea-Bissau $ 54,000,000 2002 est. 195 Cyprus $ 49,300,000 2004 est. 196 Sierra Leone $ 49,000,000 2002 est. 197 Grenada $ 46,000,000 2002 est. 198 Dominica $ 39,000,000 2003 est. 199 Guam $ 38,000,000 2002 est. 200 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 38,000,000 2002 est. 201 Kiribati $ 35,000,000 2002 202 Burundi $ 31,840,000 2004 est. 203 American Samoa $ 30,000,000 2002 204 Comoros $ 28,000,000 2002 est. 205 Tonga $ 27,000,000 2002 est. 206 Vanuatu $ 26,600,000 2003 207 British Virgin Islands $ 25,300,000 2002 208 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 22,000,000 FY99/00 est. 209 Palau $ 18,000,000 2001 est. 210 Saint Helena $ 17,000,000 2002 211 Samoa $ 14,000,000 2002 212 Saint Pierre and Miquelon $ 10,000,000 2002 213 Cook Islands $ 9,100,000 2000 214 Marshall Islands $ 9,000,000 2000 215 East Timor $ 8,000,000 2004 est. 216 Sao Tome and Principe $ 6,700,000 2004 est. 217 Mayotte $ 3,440,000 1997 218 Anguilla $ 2,600,000 1999 219 Norfolk Island $ 1,500,000 FY99/00 220 Cayman Islands $ 1,200,000 1999 221 Tuvalu $ 1,000,000 2002 222 Montserrat $ 700,000 2001 223 Nauru $ 640,000 2004 est. 224 Wallis and Futuna $ 250,000 1999 225 Niue $ 137,200 1999 226 Tokelau $ 98,000 1983
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2079
Rank Country Debt - external Date of Information
1 World $ 12,700,000,000,000 2004 est. 2 United Kingdom $ 4,710,000,000,000 2003 3 United States $ 1,400,000,000,000 2001 est. 4 Italy $ 913,900,000,000 2004 est. 5 Spain $ 771,100,000,000 2004 est. 6 Canada $ 570,000,000,000 2004 7 Australia $ 308,700,000,000 3rd quarter, 2004 est. 8 Portugal $ 274,700,000,000 2004 est. 9 China $ 233,300,000,000 3rd quarter 2004 est. 10 Brazil $ 219,800,000,000 2004 est. 11 Russia $ 169,600,000,000 2004 est. 12 Korea, South $ 160,000,000,000 2004 est. 13 Argentina $ 157,700,000,000 2004 est. 14 Mexico $ 149,900,000,000 2004 est. 15 Indonesia $ 141,500,000,000 2004 est. 16 Iraq $ 125,000,000,000 2004 est. 17 India $ 117,200,000,000 2004 est. 18 Poland $ 99,150,000,000 2004 est. 19 Israel $ 74,460,000,000 2004 est. 20 Greece $ 67,230,000,000 2004 est. 21 Hong Kong $ 66,940,000,000 2004 est. 22 Sweden $ 66,500,000,000 1994 23 Hungary $ 57,000,000,000 2004 est. 24 Philippines $ 55,600,000,000 September 2004 est. 25 Taiwan $ 55,500,000,000 2004 est. 26 Malaysia $ 53,360,000,000 2004 est. 27 Thailand $ 50,590,000,000 2004 est. 28 New Zealand $ 47,340,000,000 2004 est. 29 Chile $ 44,600,000,000 2004 est. 30 Colombia $ 38,700,000,000 2004 est. 31 Czech Republic $ 36,280,000,000 2004 est. 32 Saudi Arabia $ 34,350,000,000 2004 est. 33 Pakistan $ 33,970,000,000 2004 est. 34 Egypt $ 33,750,000,000 2004 est. 35 Venezuela $ 33,290,000,000 2004 est. 36 Nigeria $ 30,550,000,000 2004 est. 37 Finland $ 30,000,000,000 December 1993 38 Peru $ 29,790,000,000 2004 est. 39 Belgium $ 28,300,000,000 1999 est. 40 South Africa $ 27,010,000,000 2004 est. 41 Croatia $ 26,400,000,000 2004 est. 42 Kazakhstan $ 26,030,000,000 2004 est. 43 Romania $ 24,590,000,000 2004 est. 44 Algeria $ 21,900,000,000 2004 est. 45 Denmark $ 21,700,000,000 2000 46 Sudan $ 21,000,000,000 2004 est. 47 Bangladesh $ 19,970,000,000 2004 est. 48 Slovakia $ 19,540,000,000 2004 est. 49 Singapore $ 19,400,000,000 2004 est. 50 Qatar $ 18,620,000,000 2004 est. 51 Monaco $ 18,000,000,000 2000 est. 52 Morocco $ 17,070,000,000 2004 est. 53 Turkey $ 16,900,000,000 2004 est. 54 Ecuador $ 16,810,000,000 2004 est. 55 Vietnam $ 16,550,000,000 2004 est. 56 Ukraine $ 16,370,000,000 2004 est. 57 Bulgaria $ 16,100,000,000 November 2004 est. 58 Lebanon $ 15,840,000,000 2004 est. 59 Austria $ 15,500,000,000 2003 est. 60 Kuwait $ 15,020,000,000 2004 est. 61 Tunisia $ 14,710,000,000 2004 est. 62 Slovenia $ 14,650,000,000 2004 est. 63 Iran $ 13,400,000,000 2004 est. 64 Serbia and Montenegro $ 12,970,000,000 2004 est. 65 Uruguay $ 12,800,000,000 March 2004 66 Cuba $ 12,090,000,000 2004 est. 67 Korea, North $ 12,000,000,000 1996 est. 68 Cote d'Ivoire $ 11,810,000,000 2004 est. 69 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 11,600,000,000 2000 est. 70 Ireland $ 11,000,000,000 1998 71 Sri Lanka $ 10,850,000,000 2004 est. 72 Angola $ 10,450,000,000 2004 est. 73 Lithuania $ 10,010,000,000 2004 est. 74 Panama $ 8,780,000,000 2004 est. 75 Cameroon $ 8,460,000,000 2004 est. 76 Estonia $ 8,373,000,000 2004 est. 77 Afghanistan $ 8,000,000,000 2004 78 Dominican Republic $ 7,745,000,000 2004 est. 79 Ghana $ 7,396,000,000 2004 est. 80 Latvia $ 7,368,000,000 2004 est. 81 Cyprus $ 7,327,000,000 2004 est. 82 Tanzania $ 7,321,000,000 2004 est. 83 Jordan $ 7,320,000,000 2004 est. 84 Kenya $ 6,792,000,000 2004 est. 85 Burma $ 6,752,000,000 2004 est. 86 Bahrain $ 6,215,000,000 2004 est. 87 Guatemala $ 5,969,000,000 2004 est. 88 Jamaica $ 5,964,000,000 2004 est. 89 Costa Rica $ 5,962,000,000 2004 est. 90 United Arab Emirates $ 5,900,000,000 2004 est. 91 Bolivia $ 5,439,000,000 June 2004 est. 92 Yemen $ 5,400,000,000 2004 est. 93 Honduras $ 5,365,000,000 September 2004 est. 94 Zambia $ 5,353,000,000 2004 est. 95 Congo, Republic of the $ 5,000,000,000 2000 est. 96 Oman $ 4,814,000,000 2004 est. 97 El Salvador $ 4,792,000,000 September 2004 est. 98 Madagascar $ 4,600,000,000 2002 99 Nicaragua $ 4,573,000,000 2004 est. 100 Uzbekistan $ 4,351,000,000 2004 est. 101 Zimbabwe $ 4,086,000,000 2004 est. 102 Libya $ 4,069,000,000 2004 est. 103 Syria $ 4,000,000,000 2004 est. 104 Uganda $ 3,865,000,000 2004 est. 105 Gabon $ 3,804,000,000 2004 est. 106 Senegal $ 3,476,000,000 2004 est. 107 Mali $ 3,300,000,000 2000 108 Guinea $ 3,250,000,000 2001 est. 109 Paraguay $ 3,239,000,000 2004 est. 110 Malawi $ 3,129,000,000 2004 est. 111 Iceland $ 3,073,000,000 2002 112 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 3,000,000,000 2004 est. 113 Somalia $ 3,000,000,000 2001 est. 114 Trinidad and Tobago $ 2,940,000,000 2004 est. 115 Ethiopia $ 2,900,000,000 2001 est. 116 Macau $ 2,700,000,000 2003 117 Nepal $ 2,700,000,000 2001 118 Mauritania $ 2,500,000,000 2000 119 Laos $ 2,490,000,000 2001 120 Papua New Guinea $ 2,463,000,000 2004 est. 121 Cambodia $ 2,400,000,000 2002 est. 122 Turkmenistan $ 2,400,000,000 2001 est. 123 Liberia $ 2,100,000,000 2000 est. 124 Kyrgyzstan $ 1,970,000,000 2004 est. 125 Macedonia $ 1,863,000,000 2004 est. 126 Azerbaijan $ 1,832,000,000 2004 est. 127 Georgia $ 1,800,000,000 2002 128 Mauritius $ 1,780,000,000 2004 est. 129 Benin $ 1,600,000,000 2000 130 Niger $ 1,600,000,000 1999 est. 131 Sierra Leone $ 1,500,000,000 2002 est. 132 Albania $ 1,410,000,000 2003 133 Moldova $ 1,400,000,000 2004 est. 134 Togo $ 1,400,000,000 2000 135 Belize $ 1,362,000,000 June 2004 est. 136 Netherlands Antilles $ 1,350,000,000 1996 137 Rwanda $ 1,300,000,000 2000 est. 138 Burkina Faso $ 1,300,000,000 2000 139 French Guiana $ 1,200,000,000 1988 140 Haiti $ 1,200,000,000 2004 est. 141 Guyana $ 1,200,000,000 2002 142 Mongolia $ 1,191,000,000 2004 est. 143 Namibia $ 1,136,000,000 2004 est. 144 Burundi $ 1,133,000,000 2002 145 Chad $ 1,100,000,000 2000 est. 146 Mozambique $ 966,000,000 2002 est. 147 Guinea-Bissau $ 941,500,000 2000 est. 148 Armenia $ 905,000,000 June 2001 149 Tajikistan $ 888,000,000 2004 est. 150 Central African Republic $ 881,400,000 2000 est. 151 Lesotho $ 735,000,000 2002 152 Barbados $ 668,000,000 2003 153 Belarus $ 600,000,000 2004 est. 154 Botswana $ 531,000,000 2004 est. 155 Gambia, The $ 476,000,000 2001 est. 156 Djibouti $ 366,000,000 2002 est. 157 Cape Verde $ 325,000,000 2002 158 Suriname $ 321,000,000 2002 est. 159 Swaziland $ 320,000,000 2002 est. 160 Sao Tome and Principe $ 318,000,000 2002 161 Eritrea $ 311,000,000 2000 est. 162 Bahamas, The $ 308,500,000 2002 163 Aruba $ 285,000,000 1996 164 Maldives $ 281,000,000 2003 est. 165 Equatorial Guinea $ 248,000,000 2000 est. 166 Bhutan $ 245,000,000 2000 167 Comoros $ 232,000,000 2000 est. 168 Antigua and Barbuda $ 231,000,000 1999 169 Seychelles $ 218,100,000 2004 est. 170 Saint Lucia $ 214,000,000 2000 171 Samoa $ 197,000,000 2000 172 Grenada $ 196,000,000 2000 173 Fiji $ 188,100,000 2001 est. 174 Solomon Islands $ 180,400,000 2002 175 Martinique $ 180,000,000 1994 176 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 171,000,000 2001 177 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 167,200,000 2000 178 Dominica $ 161,500,000 2001 179 Bermuda $ 160,000,000 FY99/00 180 Cook Islands $ 141,000,000 1996 est. 181 Malta $ 130,000,000 1997 182 Gaza Strip $ 108,000,000 1997 est. 183 West Bank $ 108,000,000 1997 est. 184 Marshall Islands $ 86,500,000 FY99/00 est. 185 Vanuatu $ 83,700,000 2002 186 New Caledonia $ 79,000,000 1998 est. 187 Cayman Islands $ 70,000,000 1996 188 Faroe Islands $ 64,000,000 1999 189 Tonga $ 63,400,000 2001 190 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 53,100,000 FY02/03 est. 191 British Virgin Islands $ 36,100,000 1997 192 Nauru $ 33,300,000 2002 193 Greenland $ 25,000,000 1999 194 Kiribati $ 10,000,000 1999 est. 195 Montserrat $ 8,900,000 1997 196 Anguilla $ 8,800,000 1998 197 Niue $ 418,000 2002 est. 198 Brunei $ 0 199 Norway $ 0 2003 est. 200 Tokelau $ 0 201 Palau $ 0 FY99/00 202 Liechtenstein $ 0 2001
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2085
Rank Country Highways(km) Date of Information
1 World 32,345,165 2002 2 United States 6,393,603 2003 3 European Union 4,634,810 1999-2000 4 India 2,525,989 1999 5 China 1,765,222 2002 est. 6 Brazil 1,724,929 2000 7 Canada 1,408,800 2002 8 Japan 1,171,647 2001 9 France 893,100 2002 10 Australia 811,603 1999 est. 11 Spain 664,852 2001 12 Russia 537,289 2001 13 Italy 479,688 1999 14 United Kingdom 392,931 2003 15 Poland 364,697 2001 16 Turkey 354,421 2002 17 Indonesia 342,700 1999 est. 18 Mexico 329,532 1999 est. 19 South Africa 275,971 2002 20 Pakistan 257,683 2001 21 Germany 230,735 1999 22 Argentina 215,471 1999 23 Sweden 213,237 2002 24 Bangladesh 207,486 1999 25 Philippines 202,124 2002 26 Austria 200,000 2002 27 Romania 198,755 2002 28 Nigeria 194,394 1999 est. 29 Ukraine 169,679 2002 30 Iran 167,157 1998 31 Hungary 159,568 2002 32 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 157,000 1999 est. 33 Saudi Arabia 152,044 2000 34 Belgium 149,028 2002 35 Czech Republic 127,204 2002 36 Greece 117,000 1999 est. 37 Netherlands 116,500 1999 38 Colombia 112,998 2000 39 Algeria 104,000 1999 40 Venezuela 96,155 1999 est. 41 Ireland 95,736 2002 42 Vietnam 93,300 1999 est. 43 New Zealand 92,382 2002 44 Norway 91,852 2002 45 Zambia 91,440 2001 46 Tanzania 88,200 1999 est. 47 Korea, South 86,990 2001 48 Libya 83,200 1999 est. 49 Kazakhstan 82,980 2002 50 Uzbekistan 81,600 1999 est. 51 Belarus 79,990 2002 52 Chile 79,605 2001 53 Peru 78,230 2001 54 Finland 78,197 2004 55 Lithuania 77,148 2002 56 Denmark 71,847 2002 57 Switzerland 71,212 2002 58 Yemen 67,000 1999 est. 59 Malaysia 65,877 2001 60 Egypt 64,000 1999 est. 61 Kenya 63,942 2000 62 Cuba 60,858 1999 est. 63 Latvia 60,472 2002 64 Bolivia 60,282 2002 65 Morocco 57,694 2002 66 Thailand 57,403 2000 est. 67 Estonia 55,944 2002 68 Angola 51,429 2001 69 Cote d'Ivoire 50,400 1999 est. 70 Madagascar 49,827 1999 est. 71 Mongolia 49,256 2002 72 Ghana 46,176 1999 est. 73 Syria 45,697 2002 74 Iraq 45,550 1999 75 Serbia and Montenegro 45,290 2002 76 Ecuador 43,197 2002 77 Slovakia 42,970 2002 78 Namibia 42,237 2002 79 Taiwan 37,299 2002 80 Bulgaria 37,077 2002 81 Costa Rica 35,303 2002 82 Oman 34,965 2001 83 Cameroon 34,300 1999 est. 84 Chad 33,400 1999 est. 85 Ethiopia 33,297 2002 86 Korea, North 31,200 1999 est. 87 Guinea 30,500 1999 est. 88 Mozambique 30,400 1999 est. 89 Paraguay 29,500 1999 est 90 Malawi 28,400 1999 est. 91 Croatia 28,344 2002 92 Burma 28,200 1996 est. 93 Azerbaijan 28,030 2002 94 Tajikistan 27,767 2000 95 Uganda 27,000 1999 est. 96 Puerto Rico 25,328 2004 97 Turkmenistan 24,000 1999 est. 98 Central African Republic 23,810 1999 est. 99 Somalia 22,100 1999 est. 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina 21,846 1999 est. 101 Laos 21,716 1999 est. 102 Afghanistan 21,000 1999 est. 103 Slovenia 20,250 2002 104 Georgia 20,229 2002 105 Papua New Guinea 19,600 1999 est. 106 Tunisia 18,997 2001 107 Nicaragua 18,712 2002 108 Jamaica 18,700 1999 est. 109 Kyrgyzstan 18,500 1999 est. 110 Zimbabwe 18,338 1999 est. 111 Albania 18,000 2002 112 Portugal 17,135 2002 113 Israel 16,903 2002 114 Mali 15,100 1999 est. 115 Senegal 14,576 2000 116 Burundi 14,480 1999 est. 117 Guatemala 14,118 1999 118 Cyprus 13,943 2002/1996 est. 119 Honduras 13,603 1999 est. 120 Nepal 13,223 1999 est. 121 Iceland 13,004 2004 122 Congo, Republic of the 12,800 1999 est. 123 Moldova 12,719 2002 124 Dominican Republic 12,600 1999 125 Burkina Faso 12,506 1999 126 Cambodia 12,323 2000 est 127 Rwanda 12,000 1999 est. 128 Sudan 11,900 1999 est. 129 Sri Lanka 11,650 2002 130 Panama 11,643 2000 est. 131 Sierra Leone 11,300 2002 132 Liberia 10,600 1999 est. 133 Botswana 10,217 1999 134 Niger 10,100 1999 est. 135 El Salvador 10,029 1999 est. 136 Uruguay 8,983 1999 est. 137 Macedonia 8,684 1999 est. 138 Gabon 8,464 2000 est. 139 Armenia 8,431 2002 140 Trinidad and Tobago 8,320 1999 est. 141 Guyana 7,970 1999 est. 142 Mauritania 7,660 1999 est. 143 Togo 7,520 1999 est. 144 Jordan 7,301 2002 145 Lebanon 7,300 1999 est. 146 Benin 6,787 1999 est. 147 Western Sahara 6,200 1991 est 148 Lesotho 5,940 1999 149 New Caledonia 5,432 2000 150 Luxembourg 5,210 2002 151 West Bank 4,500 1997 est. 152 Suriname 4,492 2002 153 Kuwait 4,450 1999 est. 154 Guinea-Bissau 4,400 1999 est. 155 Haiti 4,160 1999 est. 156 Eritrea 4,010 1999 est. 157 Bhutan 4,007 2002 158 East Timor 3,800 1995 159 Bahrain 3,459 2002 160 Fiji 3,440 1999 est. 161 Singapore 3,130 2002 162 Swaziland 3,107 2000 163 Djibouti 2,890 1999 est. 164 Equatorial Guinea 2,880 1999 est. 165 Belize 2,872 1999 est. 166 Gambia, The 2,700 1999 167 Bahamas, The 2,693 1999 est. 168 French Polynesia 2,590 1999 169 Brunei 2,525 2000 170 Malta 2,222 2002 171 Martinique 2,105 2000 172 Mauritius 2,000 2002 173 Hong Kong 1,831 1999 est. 174 Barbados 1,600 2002 175 Solomon Islands 1,360 1999 est. 176 Cape Verde 1,350 2000 177 Virgin Islands 1,257 2003 178 Qatar 1,230 1999 est. 179 Reunion 1,214 2001 180 Saint Lucia 1,210 1999 est. 181 United Arab Emirates 1,088 1999 est. 182 Vanuatu 1,070 1999 est. 183 Grenada 1,040 1999 est. 184 Guam 977 2004 185 Guadeloupe 947 2002 186 Comoros 880 1999 est 187 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 829 2002 188 French Guiana 817 1998 189 Aruba 800 1995 190 Man, Isle of 800 1999 191 Samoa 790 1999 est. 192 Cayman Islands 785 2000 193 Dominica 780 1999 est. 194 Tonga 680 1999 est. 195 Kiribati 670 1999 est. 196 Netherlands Antilles 600 197 Jersey 577 198 Faroe Islands 463 1999 199 Bermuda 450 2002 200 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 440 2002 201 Seychelles 373 1997 est. 202 Northern Mariana Islands 362 1991 203 Macau 341 2002 204 Cook Islands 320 2000 205 Sao Tome and Principe 320 1999 est. 206 Saint Kitts and Nevis 320 1999 est 207 Andorra 269 208 Antigua and Barbuda 250 1999 est. 209 Liechtenstein 250 210 Micronesia, Federated States of 240 1999 est. 211 Christmas Island 240 2000 212 Niue 234 2001 213 Montserrat 227 2003 214 San Marino 220 2001 215 Saint Helena 198 2000 216 American Samoa 185 2004 217 British Virgin Islands 177 2000 218 Turks and Caicos Islands 121 2000 219 Wallis and Futuna 120 220 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 114 221 Anguilla 105 1997 222 Mayotte 93 223 Norfolk Island 80 2001 224 Marshall Islands 65 2002 225 Palau 61 226 Monaco 50 1999 est. 227 Nauru 30 1999 est. 228 Gibraltar 29 2002 229 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 15 2003 230 Tuvalu 8 1999 est. 231 Pitcairn Islands 6
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2087
Rank Country Imports Date of Information
1 World $ 8,754,000,000,000 2003 est. 2 United States $ 1,476,000,000,000 2004 est. 3 European Union $ 1,123,000,000,000 2003 4 Germany $ 716,700,000,000 2004 est. 5 China $ 552,400,000,000 2004 est. 6 United Kingdom $ 439,400,000,000 2004 est. 7 France $ 419,700,000,000 2004 est. 8 Japan $ 401,800,000,000 2004 est. 9 Italy $ 329,300,000,000 2004 est. 10 Hong Kong $ 275,900,000,000 2004 est. 11 Canada $ 256,100,000,000 2004 est. 12 Netherlands $ 252,700,000,000 2004 est. 13 Belgium $ 235,000,000,000 2003 est. 14 Spain $ 222,000,000,000 2004 est. 15 Korea, South $ 214,200,000,000 2004 est. 16 Mexico $ 190,800,000,000 2004 est. 17 Taiwan $ 165,400,000,000 2004 est. 18 Singapore $ 155,200,000,000 2004 est. 19 Switzerland $ 121,100,000,000 2004 est. 20 Austria $ 101,200,000,000 2004 est. 21 Malaysia $ 99,300,000,000 2004 est. 22 Australia $ 98,100,000,000 2004 est. 23 Sweden $ 97,970,000,000 2004 est. 24 Turkey $ 94,500,000,000 2004 est. 25 Russia $ 92,910,000,000 2004 est. 26 India $ 89,330,000,000 2004 est. 27 Poland $ 81,610,000,000 2004 est. 28 Thailand $ 80,840,000,000 2004 est. 29 Czech Republic $ 68,190,000,000 2004 est. 30 Denmark $ 63,450,000,000 2004 est. 31 Brazil $ 61,000,000,000 2004 est. 32 Ireland $ 60,650,000,000 2004 est. 33 Hungary $ 58,680,000,000 2004 est. 34 Greece $ 54,280,000,000 2004 est. 35 Portugal $ 52,100,000,000 2004 est. 36 Norway $ 45,960,000,000 2004 est. 37 United Arab Emirates $ 45,660,000,000 2004 est. 38 Finland $ 45,170,000,000 2004 est. 39 Indonesia $ 45,070,000,000 2004 est. 40 South Africa $ 39,420,000,000 2004 est. 41 Philippines $ 37,500,000,000 2004 est. 42 Israel $ 36,840,000,000 2004 est. 43 Saudi Arabia $ 36,210,000,000 2004 est. 44 Ukraine $ 31,450,000,000 2004 est. 45 Iran $ 31,300,000,000 2004 est. 46 Slovakia $ 29,670,000,000 2004 est. 47 Puerto Rico $ 29,100,000,000 2001 48 Romania $ 28,430,000,000 2004 est. 49 Vietnam $ 26,310,000,000 2004 est. 50 Chile $ 22,530,000,000 2004 est. 51 Argentina $ 22,060,000,000 2004 est. 52 New Zealand $ 19,770,000,000 2004 est. 53 Egypt $ 19,210,000,000 2004 est. 54 Nigeria $ 17,140,000,000 2004 est. 55 Croatia $ 16,700,000,000 2004 est. 56 Luxembourg $ 16,300,000,000 2003 57 Slovenia $ 16,070,000,000 2004 est. 58 Morocco $ 15,630,000,000 2004 est. 59 Colombia $ 15,340,000,000 2004 est. 60 Algeria $ 15,250,000,000 2004 est. 61 Venezuela $ 14,980,000,000 2004 est. 62 Pakistan $ 14,010,000,000 2004 est. 63 Belarus $ 13,570,000,000 2004 est. 64 Kazakhstan $ 13,070,000,000 2004 est. 65 Bulgaria $ 12,230,000,000 2004 est. 66 Tunisia $ 11,520,000,000 2004 est. 67 Kuwait $ 11,120,000,000 2004 est. 68 Lithuania $ 11,020,000,000 2004 est. 69 Bangladesh $ 10,030,000,000 2004 est. 70 Iraq $ 9,900,000,000 2004 est. 71 Peru $ 9,600,000,000 2004 est. 72 Serbia and Montenegro $ 9,538,000,000 2004 est. 73 Lebanon $ 8,162,000,000 2004 est. 74 Dominican Republic $ 8,093,000,000 2004 est. 75 Costa Rica $ 7,842,000,000 2004 est. 76 Guatemala $ 7,770,000,000 2004 est. 77 Ecuador $ 7,650,000,000 2004 est. 78 Jordan $ 7,600,000,000 2004 est. 79 Estonia $ 7,318,000,000 2004 est. 80 Sri Lanka $ 7,265,000,000 2004 est. 81 Libya $ 7,224,000,000 2004 est. 82 Panama $ 7,164,000,000 2004 est. 83 Oman $ 6,373,000,000 2004 est. 84 Qatar $ 6,150,000,000 2004 est. 85 Latvia $ 5,970,000,000 2004 est. 86 El Salvador $ 5,968,000,000 2004 est. 87 Bahrain $ 5,870,000,000 2004 est. 88 Bermuda $ 5,523,000,000 2002 89 Cuba $ 5,296,000,000 2004 est. 90 Cyprus $ 5,258,000,000 2004 est. 91 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 5,200,000,000 2004 est. 92 Brunei $ 5,200,000,000 2003 93 Liberia $ 5,051,000,000 2002 est. 94 Syria $ 5,042,000,000 2004 est. 95 Angola $ 4,896,000,000 2004 est. 96 Trinidad and Tobago $ 4,650,000,000 2004 est. 97 Kenya $ 4,190,000,000 2004 est. 98 Afghanistan $ 3,759,000,000 FY03-04 99 Yemen $ 3,734,000,000 2004 est. 100 Ghana $ 3,699,000,000 2004 est. 101 Jamaica $ 3,624,000,000 2004 est. 102 Azerbaijan $ 3,622,000,000 2004 est. 103 Sudan $ 3,496,000,000 2004 est. 104 Malta $ 3,407,000,000 2004 est. 105 Cote d'Ivoire $ 3,360,000,000 2004 est. 106 Honduras $ 3,332,000,000 2004 est. 107 Paraguay $ 3,330,000,000 2004 est. 108 Iceland $ 3,307,000,000 2004 est. 109 Cambodia $ 3,129,000,000 2004 est. 110 Turkmenistan $ 2,850,000,000 2004 est. 111 Uzbekistan $ 2,820,000,000 2004 est. 112 Macau $ 2,760,000,000 2003 113 Macedonia $ 2,677,000,000 2004 est. 114 Reunion $ 2,500,000,000 1997 115 Botswana $ 2,255,000,000 2004 est. 116 Mauritius $ 2,245,000,000 2004 est. 117 Netherlands Antilles $ 2,233,000,000 2002 118 Senegal $ 2,128,000,000 2004 est. 119 Ethiopia $ 2,104,000,000 2004 est. 120 Korea, North $ 2,100,000,000 2003 121 Albania $ 2,076,000,000 2004 est. 122 Uruguay $ 2,071,000,000 2003 123 Nicaragua $ 2,020,000,000 2004 est. 124 Martinique $ 2,000,000,000 1997 125 Cameroon $ 1,979,000,000 2004 est. 126 Tanzania $ 1,972,000,000 2004 est. 127 Gaza Strip $ 1,900,000,000 2002 128 Moldova $ 1,830,000,000 2004 est. 129 Georgia $ 1,806,000,000 2004 est. 130 Burma $ 1,754,000,000 2004 est. 131 Gibraltar $ 1,743,000,000 2002 132 Guadeloupe $ 1,700,000,000 1997 133 Bahamas, The $ 1,630,000,000 2003 134 Zimbabwe $ 1,599,000,000 2004 est. 135 Bolivia $ 1,595,000,000 2004 est. 136 Zambia $ 1,519,000,000 2004 est. 137 West Bank $ 1,500,000,000 2002 138 Namibia $ 1,473,000,000 2004 est. 139 Nepal $ 1,419,000,000 2002 est. 140 Papua New Guinea $ 1,353,000,000 2004 est. 141 French Polynesia $ 1,341,000,000 2002 142 Uganda $ 1,306,000,000 2004 est. 143 Armenia $ 1,300,000,000 2004 est. 144 Tajikistan $ 1,300,000,000 2004 est. 145 Gabon $ 1,225,000,000 2004 est. 146 Equatorial Guinea $ 1,167,000,000 2004 est. 147 Madagascar $ 1,147,000,000 2004 est. 148 Swaziland $ 1,140,000,000 2004 est. 149 Haiti $ 1,085,000,000 2004 est. 150 Andorra $ 1,077,000,000 1998 151 Barbados $ 1,039,000,000 2002 152 New Caledonia $ 1,007,000,000 2002 153 Mongolia $ 1,000,000,000 2004 est. 154 Mozambique $ 972,900,000 2004 est. 155 Benin $ 934,500,000 2004 est. 156 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 933,000,000 2002 est. 157 Mali $ 927,000,000 2002 est. 158 Liechtenstein $ 917,300,000 1996 159 Burkina Faso $ 866,300,000 2004 est. 160 Mauritania $ 860,000,000 2002 161 Aruba $ 841,000,000 2002 est. 162 Fiji $ 835,000,000 2002 163 Togo $ 824,900,000 2004 est. 164 Kyrgyzstan $ 775,100,000 2004 est. 165 Congo, Republic of the $ 749,300,000 2004 est. 166 Lesotho $ 730,900,000 2004 est. 167 Antigua and Barbuda $ 692,000,000 2002 est. 168 Djibouti $ 665,000,000 2002 est. 169 Guyana $ 650,100,000 2004 est. 170 Guinea $ 641,500,000 2004 est. 171 French Guiana $ 625,000,000 2002 est. 172 Eritrea $ 622,000,000 2004 est. 173 Suriname $ 604,000,000 2002 174 Belize $ 579,900,000 2004 est. 175 Laos $ 579,500,000 2004 est. 176 Malawi $ 521,100,000 2004 est. 177 Chad $ 500,700,000 2004 est. 178 Faroe Islands $ 466,000,000 2002 179 Guam $ 462,000,000 2002 est. 180 Cayman Islands $ 457,400,000 1999 181 Greenland $ 445,000,000 2002 182 Cyprus $ 415,200,000 2004 est. 183 Niger $ 400,000,000 2002 est. 184 Seychelles $ 393,400,000 2004 est. 185 Maldives $ 392,000,000 2002 est. 186 Cape Verde $ 387,300,000 2004 est. 187 Somalia $ 344,000,000 2002 est. 188 Saint Lucia $ 267,000,000 2002 est. 189 Sierra Leone $ 264,000,000 2002 est. 190 Rwanda $ 260,000,000 2004 est. 191 Grenada $ 208,000,000 2002 est. 192 Bhutan $ 196,000,000 2000 est. 193 Saint Kitts and Nevis $ 195,000,000 2002 est. 194 British Virgin Islands $ 187,000,000 2002 est. 195 Gambia, The $ 180,900,000 2004 est. 196 Turks and Caicos Islands $ 175,600,000 2000 197 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $ 174,000,000 2002 est. 198 East Timor $ 167,000,000 2004 est. 199 Micronesia, Federated States of $ 149,000,000 FY99/00 est. 200 Mayotte $ 141,300,000 1997 201 Burundi $ 138,200,000 2004 est. 202 Vanuatu $ 138,000,000 2002 203 Central African Republic $ 136,000,000 2002 est. 204 American Samoa $ 123,000,000 2002 205 Samoa $ 113,000,000 2002 206 Saint Pierre and Miquelon $ 106,000,000 2002 207 Guinea-Bissau $ 104,000,000 2002 est. 208 Palau $ 99,000,000 2001 est. 209 Dominica $ 98,200,000 2003 est. 210 Comoros $ 88,000,000 2002 est. 211 Tonga $ 86,000,000 2002 est. 212 Kiribati $ 83,000,000 2002 213 Anguilla $ 80,900,000 1999 214 Tuvalu $ 79,000,000 2002 215 Solomon Islands $ 67,000,000 2003 216 Marshall Islands $ 54,000,000 2000 217 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $ 53,000,000 2002 218 Cook Islands $ 50,700,000 2000 219 Saint Helena $ 42,000,000 2002 220 Sao Tome and Principe $ 41,000,000 2004 est. 221 Nauru $ 19,800,000 2004 est. 222 Norfolk Island $ 17,900,000 FY91/92 223 Montserrat $ 17,000,000 2001 224 Niue $ 2,380,000 1999 225 Tokelau $ 323,000 1983 226 Wallis and Futuna $ 300,000 1999
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2089
Rank Country Industrial production growth rate(%) Date of Information
1 Equatorial Guinea 30.00 2002 est. 2 Cambodia 22.00 2002 est. 3 Turkmenistan 22.00 2003 est. 4 Uruguay 22.00 2004 est. 5 Burundi 18.00 2001 6 China 17.10 2004 est. 7 Moldova 17.00 2003 est. 8 Turkey 16.50 2004 est. 9 Ukraine 16.50 2004 est. 10 Vietnam 16.00 2004 est. 11 Lesotho 15.50 1999 12 Armenia 15.00 2002 est. 13 Cote d'Ivoire 15.00 1998 est. 14 Burkina Faso 14.00 2001 est. 15 Pakistan 13.10 2004 est. 16 Venezuela 12.30 2004 est. 17 Taiwan 12.20 2004 est. 18 Argentina 12.00 2004 est. 19 Lithuania 12.00 2004 est. 20 Singapore 11.10 2004 est. 21 Kazakhstan 10.60 2004 est. 22 Indonesia 10.50 2004 est. 23 Malaysia 10.20 2004 est. 24 Korea, South 10.10 2004 est. 25 Ecuador 10.00 2004 est. 26 Poland 10.00 2004 est. 27 Qatar 10.00 2003 est. 28 Laos 9.70 2001 est. 29 Hungary 9.60 2004 est. 30 Bhutan 9.30 1996 est. 31 Iceland 8.80 2004 est. 32 Nepal 8.70 FY99/00 33 Tonga 8.60 FY98/99 34 Latvia 8.50 2004 est. 35 Sudan 8.50 1999 est. 36 East Timor 8.50 37 Thailand 8.50 2004 est. 38 Tanzania 8.40 1999 est. 39 Benin 8.30 2001 est. 40 Tajikistan 8.20 2002 est. 41 Faroe Islands 8.00 1999 est. 42 Mauritius 8.00 2000 est. 43 Chile 7.80 2004 est. 44 Honduras 7.70 2003 est. 45 India 7.40 2004 est. 46 Trinidad and Tobago 7.20 2004 est. 47 Sri Lanka 7.10 2004 est. 48 Guyana 7.10 1997 est. 49 Ireland 7.00 2004 est. 50 Syria 7.00 2002 est. 51 Rwanda 7.00 2001 est. 52 Zambia 6.90 2004 est. 53 Ethiopia 6.70 2001 est. 54 Japan 6.60 2004 est. 55 Bangladesh 6.50 2004 est. 56 Suriname 6.50 1994 est. 57 Russia 6.40 2004 est. 58 Uzbekistan 6.20 2003 est. 59 Antigua and Barbuda 6.00 1997 est. 60 Kyrgyzstan 6.00 2000 est. 61 Algeria 6.00 2004 est. 62 San Marino 6.00 1997 est. 63 Brazil 6.00 2004 est. 64 New Zealand 5.90 2004 est. 65 Bolivia 5.70 2004 est. 66 Uganda 5.60 2004 est. 67 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.50 2003 est. 68 South Africa 5.50 2004 est. 69 Sweden 5.50 2004 est. 70 Panama 5.40 2004 est. 71 Bulgaria 5.20 2004 est. 72 Norway 5.20 2004 est. 73 Peru 5.20 2004 est. 74 Slovakia 5.10 2004 est. 75 Brunei 5.00 2002 est. 76 Philippines 5.00 2004 est. 77 Estonia 5.00 2000 est. 78 Jordan 5.00 2004 est. 79 Chad 5.00 1995 80 Czech Republic 4.70 2004 est. 81 Senegal 4.70 2004 est. 82 Switzerland 4.70 2004 est. 83 Belize 4.60 1999 84 Israel 4.50 2004 est. 85 Botswana 4.40 2004 est. 86 United States 4.40 2004 est. 87 Tunisia 4.40 2004 est. 88 Nicaragua 4.40 2000 est. 89 Maldives 4.40 1996 est. 90 Cameroon 4.20 1999 est. 91 Greece 4.10 2004 est. 92 Mongolia 4.10 2002 est. 93 Guatemala 4.10 1999 94 United Arab Emirates 4.00 2000 95 Colombia 4.00 2004 est. 96 Azerbaijan 4.00 2004 est. 97 Belarus 4.00 2004 est. 98 Romania 4.00 2004 est. 99 Slovenia 3.90 2004 est. 100 Ghana 3.80 2000 est. 101 Mexico 3.80 2004 est. 102 Swaziland 3.70 FY95/96 103 Belgium 3.50 2004 est. 104 Iran 3.50 2004 est. 105 Mozambique 3.40 2000 106 Austria 3.30 2004 est. 107 Guinea 3.20 1994 108 Man, Isle of 3.20 FY96/97 109 Albania 3.10 2004 est. 110 Costa Rica 3.10 2004 est. 111 Anguilla 3.10 1997 est. 112 Central African Republic 3.00 2002 113 Djibouti 3.00 1996 est. 114 Georgia 3.00 2000 115 Yemen 3.00 2003 est. 116 World 3.00 2003 est. 117 Spain 3.00 2004 est. 118 Madagascar 3.00 2000 est. 119 Luxembourg 2.90 2004 est. 120 Saudi Arabia 2.80 2004 est. 121 Samoa 2.80 2000 122 Croatia 2.70 2004 est. 123 Kenya 2.60 2004 est. 124 Guinea-Bissau 2.60 1997 est. 125 Egypt 2.50 2004 est. 126 European Union 2.40 2004 est. 127 Germany 2.20 2004 est. 128 Bahrain 2.00 2000 est. 129 Finland 2.00 2004 est. 130 Mauritania 2.00 2000 est. 131 Dominican Republic 2.00 2001 est. 132 Canada 2.00 2004 est. 133 Australia 1.90 2004 est. 134 Nigeria 1.80 2004 est. 135 Denmark 1.70 2004 est. 136 France 1.70 2004 est. 137 Serbia and Montenegro 1.70 2002 est. 138 Gabon 1.60 2002 est. 139 Cuba 1.40 2004 est. 140 Malawi 1.40 2004 est. 141 Portugal 1.10 2004 est. 142 Angola 1.00 2000 143 Hong Kong 1.00 2004 est. 144 Vanuatu 1.00 1997 est. 145 Cook Islands 1.00 2002 146 United Kingdom 0.90 2004 est. 147 Netherlands 0.80 2004 est. 148 El Salvador 0.70 2004 est. 149 Kiribati 0.70 1991 est. 150 Italy 0.70 2004 est. 151 Grenada 0.70 1997 est. 152 Cyprus 0.40 2002 153 Congo, Republic of the 0.00 2002 est. 154 Paraguay 0.00 2000 est. 155 Macedonia 0.00 2004 est. 156 Cyprus -0.30 2002 157 New Caledonia -0.60 1996 158 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -0.90 1997 est. 159 Oman -1.20 2004 est. 160 Comoros -2.00 1999 est. 161 Jamaica -2.00 2000 est. 162 Barbados -3.20 2000 est. 163 Kuwait -5.00 2002 est. 164 Zimbabwe -7.80 2004 est. 165 Saint Lucia -8.90 1997 est. 166 Dominica -10.00 1997 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2091
Rank Country Infant mortality rate(deaths/1,000 live births) Date of Information
1 Angola 187.49 2005 est. 2 Afghanistan 163.07 2005 est. 3 Sierra Leone 162.55 2005 est. 4 Liberia 161.99 2005 est. 5 Mozambique 130.79 2005 est. 6 Niger 119.69 2005 est. 7 Somalia 116.70 2005 est. 8 Tajikistan 110.76 2005 est. 9 Mali 109.47 2005 est. 10 Guinea-Bissau 107.15 2005 est. 11 Djibouti 104.13 2005 est. 12 Bhutan 100.44 2005 est. 13 Nigeria 98.80 2005 est. 14 Tanzania 98.54 2005 est. 15 Malawi 96.14 2005 est. 16 Ethiopia 95.32 2005 est. 17 Chad 93.13 2005 est. 18 Burkina Faso 92.94 2005 est. 19 Guinea 91.45 2005 est. 20 Rwanda 91.23 2005 est. 21 Equatorial Guinea 91.16 2005 est. 22 Cote d'Ivoire 90.83 2005 est. 23 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 90.66 2005 est. 24 Lesotho 88.75 2005 est. 25 Zambia 88.29 2005 est. 26 Congo, Republic of the 87.41 2005 est. 27 Central African Republic 87.33 2005 est. 28 Laos 85.22 2005 est. 29 Azerbaijan 81.74 2005 est. 30 Benin 81.29 2005 est. 31 Madagascar 76.83 2005 est. 32 Comoros 74.93 2005 est. 33 Haiti 73.45 2005 est. 34 Turkmenistan 73.08 2005 est. 35 Gambia, The 73.07 2005 est. 36 Swaziland 72.92 2005 est. 37 Pakistan 72.44 2005 est. 38 Uzbekistan 71.10 2005 est. 39 Cambodia 70.89 2005 est. 40 Mauritania 70.89 2005 est. 41 Uganda 67.83 2005 est. 42 Nepal 66.98 2005 est. 43 Cameroon 64.87 2005 est. 44 Burundi 64.39 2005 est. 45 Burma 63.56 2005 est. 46 Bangladesh 62.60 2005 est. 47 Sudan 62.50 2005 est. 48 Mayotte 62.40 2005 est. 49 Togo 62.20 2005 est. 50 South Africa 61.81 2005 est. 51 Yemen 61.50 2005 est. 52 Kenya 61.47 2005 est. 53 Maldives 56.52 2005 est. 54 Ghana 56.36 2005 est. 55 India 56.29 2005 est. 56 Gabon 55.35 2005 est. 57 Vanuatu 55.16 2005 est. 58 Botswana 54.58 2005 est. 59 Senegal 54.12 2005 est. 60 Mongolia 53.79 2005 est. 61 Bolivia 53.11 2005 est. 62 Zimbabwe 52.34 2005 est. 63 Papua New Guinea 51.45 2005 est. 64 Iraq 50.25 2005 est. 65 World 50.11 2005 est. 66 Namibia 48.98 2005 est. 67 Kiribati 48.52 2005 est. 68 Cape Verde 47.77 2005 est. 69 Eritrea 47.41 2005 est. 70 East Timor 47.41 2005 est. 71 Sao Tome and Principe 43.11 2005 est. 72 Morocco 41.62 2005 est. 73 Iran 41.58 2005 est. 74 Turkey 41.04 2005 est. 75 Moldova 40.42 2005 est. 76 Kyrgyzstan 35.64 2005 est. 77 Indonesia 35.60 2005 est. 78 Guyana 33.26 2005 est. 79 Egypt 32.59 2005 est. 80 Guatemala 32.00 2005 est. 81 Peru 31.94 2005 est. 82 Algeria 31.00 2005 est. 83 Micronesia, Federated States of 30.21 2005 est. 84 Brazil 29.61 2005 est. 85 Syria 29.53 2005 est. 86 Marshall Islands 29.45 2005 est. 87 Dominican Republic 29.37 2005 est. 88 Kazakhstan 29.21 2005 est. 89 Nicaragua 29.11 2005 est. 90 Samoa 27.71 2005 est. 91 Honduras 26.47 2005 est. 92 Romania 26.43 2005 est. 93 Vietnam 25.95 2005 est. 94 Trinidad and Tobago 25.81 2005 est. 95 Paraguay 25.63 2005 est. 96 Belize 25.40 2005 est. 97 Bahamas, The 25.21 2005 est. 98 El Salvador 25.10 2005 est. 99 Tunisia 24.77 2005 est. 100 Libya 24.60 2005 est. 101 Lebanon 24.52 2005 est. 102 China 24.18 2005 est. 103 Korea, North 24.04 2005 est. 104 Ecuador 23.66 2005 est. 105 Suriname 23.57 2005 est. 106 Philippines 23.51 2005 est. 107 Armenia 23.28 2005 est. 108 Gaza Strip 22.93 2005 est. 109 Venezuela 22.20 2005 est. 110 Albania 21.52 2005 est. 111 Solomon Islands 21.29 2005 est. 112 Anguilla 21.03 2005 est. 113 Colombia 20.97 2005 est. 114 Mexico 20.91 2005 est. 115 Bulgaria 20.55 2005 est. 116 Thailand 20.16 2005 est. 117 Tuvalu 20.03 2005 est. 118 West Bank 19.62 2005 est. 119 Oman 19.51 2005 est. 120 Antigua and Barbuda 19.46 2005 est. 121 Saint Helena 19.00 2005 est. 122 Qatar 18.61 2005 est. 123 Georgia 18.59 2005 est. 124 Malaysia 17.70 2005 est. 125 Jordan 17.35 2005 est. 126 British Virgin Islands 17.30 2005 est. 127 Bahrain 17.27 2005 est. 128 Panama 16.73 2005 est. 129 Jamaica 16.33 2005 est. 130 Greenland 15.82 2005 est. 131 Turks and Caicos Islands 15.67 2005 est. 132 Seychelles 15.53 2005 est. 133 Russia 15.39 2005 est. 134 Argentina 15.18 2005 est. 135 Mauritius 15.03 2005 est. 136 Palau 14.84 2005 est. 137 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 14.78 2005 est. 138 Grenada 14.62 2005 est. 139 United Arab Emirates 14.51 2005 est. 140 Saint Kitts and Nevis 14.49 2005 est. 141 Sri Lanka 14.35 2005 est. 142 Dominica 14.15 2005 est. 143 Saint Lucia 13.53 2005 est. 144 Belarus 13.37 2005 est. 145 Saudi Arabia 13.24 2005 est. 146 Serbia and Montenegro 12.89 2005 est. 147 Fiji 12.62 2005 est. 148 Tonga 12.62 2005 est. 149 Brunei 12.61 2005 est. 150 French Guiana 12.07 2005 est. 151 Uruguay 11.95 2005 est. 152 Barbados 11.72 2005 est. 153 Ukraine 10.11 2005 est. 154 Macedonia 10.09 2005 est. 155 Bosnia and Herzegovina 10.07 2005 est. 156 Netherlands Antilles 10.03 2005 est. 157 Costa Rica 9.95 2005 est. 158 Kuwait 9.95 2005 est. 159 Nauru 9.95 2005 est. 160 Latvia 9.55 2005 est. 161 Puerto Rico 9.28 2005 est. 162 American Samoa 9.27 2005 est. 163 Chile 8.80 2005 est. 164 Guadeloupe 8.60 2005 est. 165 Hungary 8.57 2005 est. 166 Bermuda 8.53 2005 est. 167 French Polynesia 8.44 2005 est. 168 Cayman Islands 8.19 2005 est. 169 Virgin Islands 8.03 2005 est. 170 Estonia 7.87 2005 est. 171 Reunion 7.78 2005 est. 172 New Caledonia 7.72 2005 est. 173 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 7.54 2005 est. 174 Slovakia 7.41 2005 est. 175 Poland 7.36 2005 est. 176 Montserrat 7.35 2005 est. 177 Cyprus 7.18 2005 est. 178 Northern Mariana Islands 7.11 2005 est. 179 Martinique 7.09 2005 est. 180 Israel 7.03 2005 est. 181 Guam 6.94 2005 est. 182 Lithuania 6.89 2005 est. 183 Croatia 6.84 2005 est. 184 United States 6.50 2005 est. 185 Taiwan 6.40 2005 est. 186 Cuba 6.33 2005 est. 187 Korea, South 6.28 2005 est. 188 Faroe Islands 6.24 2005 est. 189 Italy 5.94 2005 est. 190 Man, Isle of 5.93 2005 est. 191 Aruba 5.89 2005 est. 192 New Zealand 5.85 2005 est. 193 San Marino 5.73 2005 est. 194 Greece 5.53 2005 est. 195 Monaco 5.43 2005 est. 196 Ireland 5.39 2005 est. 197 Jersey 5.24 2005 est. 198 United Kingdom 5.16 2005 est. 199 Gibraltar 5.13 2005 est. 200 European Union 5.10 July 2005 est. 201 Portugal 5.05 2005 est. 202 Netherlands 5.04 2005 est. 203 Luxembourg 4.81 2005 est. 204 Canada 4.75 2005 est. 205 Guernsey 4.71 2005 est. 206 Liechtenstein 4.70 2005 est. 207 Australia 4.69 2005 est. 208 Belgium 4.68 2005 est. 209 Austria 4.66 2005 est. 210 Denmark 4.56 2005 est. 211 Slovenia 4.45 2005 est. 212 Spain 4.42 2005 est. 213 Switzerland 4.39 2005 est. 214 Macau 4.37 2005 est. 215 France 4.26 2005 est. 216 Germany 4.16 2005 est. 217 Andorra 4.05 2005 est. 218 Czech Republic 3.93 2005 est. 219 Malta 3.89 2005 est. 220 Norway 3.70 2005 est. 221 Finland 3.57 2005 est. 222 Iceland 3.31 2005 est. 223 Japan 3.26 2005 est. 224 Hong Kong 2.96 2005 est. 225 Sweden 2.77 2005 est. 226 Singapore 2.29 2005 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2092
Rank Country Inflation rate (consumer prices)(%) Date of Information
1 Nauru -3.60 1993 2 New Caledonia -0.60 2000 est. 3 Barbados -0.50 2003 est. 4 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -0.40 2001 est. 5 Hong Kong -0.30 2004 est. 6 Japan -0.10 2004 est. 7 Guam 0.00 1999 est. 8 Israel 0.00 2004 est. 9 Oman 0.20 2004 est. 10 Brunei 0.30 2003 est. 11 Antigua and Barbuda 0.40 2000 est. 12 Macedonia 0.40 2004 est. 13 Finland 0.70 2004 est. 14 Sweden 0.70 2004 est. 15 Saudi Arabia 0.80 2004 est. 16 Senegal 0.80 2004 est. 17 Switzerland 0.90 2004 est. 18 Cameroon 1.00 2004 est. 19 Togo 1.00 2004 est. 20 Sierra Leone 1.00 2002 est. 21 Norway 1.00 2004 est. 22 Niue 1.00 1995 23 Maldives 1.00 2002 est. 24 Micronesia, Federated States of 1.00 2002 est. 25 Liechtenstein 1.00 2001 26 Dominica 1.00 2001 est. 27 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.10 2004 est. 28 Lithuania 1.10 2004 est. 29 Bahamas, The 1.20 30 Northern Mariana Islands 1.20 1997 est. 31 Malaysia 1.30 2004 est. 32 Denmark 1.40 2004 est. 33 United Kingdom 1.40 2004 est. 34 Netherlands 1.40 2004 est. 35 Cote d'Ivoire 1.40 2004 est. 36 Cape Verde 1.50 2004 est. 37 French Guiana 1.50 2002 est. 38 Gabon 1.50 2004 est. 39 Gibraltar 1.50 1998 40 French Polynesia 1.50 2002 est. 41 Fiji 1.60 2002 est. 42 Greenland 1.60 1999 est. 43 Germany 1.60 2004 est. 44 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.70 2001 est. 45 Singapore 1.70 2004 est. 46 Taiwan 1.70 2004 est. 47 Austria 1.80 2004 est. 48 Congo, Republic of the 1.80 2004 est. 49 Belgium 1.90 2004 est. 50 Canada 1.90 2004 est. 51 Monaco 1.90 2000 52 Djibouti 2.00 2002 est. 53 Lebanon 2.00 2004 est. 54 Panama 2.00 2004 est. 55 Marshall Islands 2.00 2001 est. 56 Macau 2.00 3rd quarter, 2004 57 Ecuador 2.00 2004 est. 58 Bahrain 2.10 2004 est. 59 Syria 2.10 2004 est. 60 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2.10 1991-96 average 61 Portugal 2.10 2004 est. 62 Netherlands Antilles 2.10 2003 est. 63 Morocco 2.10 2004 est. 64 European Union 2.10 2004 est. 65 Ireland 2.20 2004 est. 66 West Bank 2.20 2001 est. 67 Gaza Strip 2.20 2001 est. 68 Virgin Islands 2.20 2003 69 Australia 2.30 2004 est. 70 Anguilla 2.30 71 France 2.30 2004 est. 72 Italy 2.30 2004 est. 73 Kuwait 2.30 2004 est. 74 Chile 2.40 2004 est. 75 Cyprus 2.40 2003 est. 76 Ethiopia 2.40 2004 est. 77 Luxembourg 2.40 2004 est. 78 New Zealand 2.40 2004 est. 79 Burkina Faso 2.40 2004 est. 80 Croatia 2.50 2004 est. 81 Kiribati 2.50 2001 est. 82 United States 2.50 2004 est. 83 British Virgin Islands 2.50 2003 84 Montserrat 2.60 2002 est. 85 Benin 2.80 2004 est. 86 Cayman Islands 2.80 2002 87 Thailand 2.80 2004 est. 88 Grenada 2.80 2001 est. 89 Belize 2.90 2004 est. 90 Malta 2.90 2004 est. 91 Nepal 2.90 2002 est. 92 Libya 2.90 2004 est. 93 Greece 2.90 2004 est. 94 Bhutan 3.00 2002 est. 95 Qatar 3.00 2004 est. 96 Uzbekistan 3.00 2004 est. 97 Saint Lucia 3.00 2001 est. 98 Niger 3.00 2002 est. 99 Estonia 3.00 2004 est. 100 Algeria 3.10 2004 est. 101 Cuba 3.10 2004 est. 102 Vanuatu 3.10 2003 est. 103 Cambodia 3.10 2004 est. 104 Aruba 3.20 2002 est. 105 United Arab Emirates 3.20 2004 est. 106 Spain 3.20 2004 est. 107 Saint Helena 3.20 1997 est. 108 Kyrgyzstan 3.20 2004 est. 109 Jordan 3.20 2004 est. 110 Czech Republic 3.20 2004 est. 111 Cook Islands 3.20 2000 est. 112 Albania 3.20 2004 est. 113 Bermuda 3.30 mid-2003 est. 114 Slovenia 3.30 2004 est. 115 Trinidad and Tobago 3.30 2004 est. 116 San Marino 3.30 2001 117 Poland 3.40 2004 est. 118 Palau 3.40 2000 est. 119 Armenia 3.50 2004 est. 120 Comoros 3.50 2001 est. 121 Uganda 3.50 2004 est. 122 Central African Republic 3.60 2001 est. 123 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3.60 1998 124 Korea, South 3.60 2004 est. 125 Man, Isle of 3.60 March 2003 est. 126 Peru 3.80 2004 est. 127 Martinique 3.90 1990 128 Iceland 4.00 2004 est. 129 Turks and Caicos Islands 4.00 1995 130 Samoa 4.00 2001 est. 131 East Timor 4.00 2003 est. 132 Guinea-Bissau 4.00 2002 est. 133 China 4.10 2004 est. 134 Tunisia 4.10 2004 est. 135 India 4.20 2004 est. 136 Namibia 4.20 2004 est. 137 Papua New Guinea 4.20 2004 est. 138 Andorra 4.30 2000 139 Guyana 4.50 2004 est. 140 Mali 4.50 2002 est. 141 South Africa 4.50 2004 est. 142 Mauritius 4.50 2004 est. 143 Azerbaijan 4.60 2004 est. 144 Pakistan 4.80 FY03/04 est. 145 Bolivia 4.90 2004 est. 146 Guernsey 4.90 2004 est. 147 Seychelles 5.00 2004 est. 148 Tuvalu 5.00 2000 est. 149 Faroe Islands 5.10 1999 150 Paraguay 5.10 2004 est. 151 Jersey 5.30 2004 152 Lesotho 5.30 2004 est. 153 El Salvador 5.40 2004 est. 154 Swaziland 5.40 2004 est. 155 Tanzania 5.40 2004 est. 156 Mexico 5.40 2004 est. 157 Georgia 5.50 2004 est. 158 Philippines 5.50 2004 est. 159 Sri Lanka 5.80 2004 est. 160 Colombia 5.90 2004 est. 161 Bangladesh 6.00 2004 est. 162 Latvia 6.00 2004 est. 163 Argentina 6.10 2004 est. 164 Indonesia 6.10 2004 est. 165 Bulgaria 6.10 2004 est. 166 Puerto Rico 6.50 2003 est. 167 Kazakhstan 6.90 2004 est. 168 Botswana 7.00 2004 est. 169 Gambia, The 7.00 2004 est. 170 Rwanda 7.00 2004 est. 171 Mauritania 7.00 2003 est. 172 Hungary 7.00 2004 est. 173 Honduras 7.00 2004 est. 174 Guatemala 7.20 2004 est. 175 Slovakia 7.50 2004 est. 176 Madagascar 7.50 2004 est. 177 Brazil 7.60 2004 est. 178 Uruguay 7.60 2004 est. 179 Chad 8.00 2004 est. 180 Tajikistan 8.00 2004 est. 181 Burundi 8.50 2004 est. 182 Equatorial Guinea 8.50 2004 est. 183 Serbia and Montenegro 8.80 2004 est. 184 Kenya 9.00 2004 est. 185 Sudan 9.00 2004 est. 186 Turkmenistan 9.00 2004 est. 187 Nicaragua 9.30 2004 est. 188 Turkey 9.30 2004 est. 189 Egypt 9.50 2004 est. 190 Vietnam 9.50 2004 est. 191 Romania 9.60 2004 est. 192 Solomon Islands 10.00 2003 est. 193 Eritrea 10.00 2004 est. 194 Afghanistan 10.30 2003 195 Tonga 10.30 2002 est. 196 Mongolia 11.00 2004 est. 197 Costa Rica 11.50 2004 est. 198 Moldova 11.50 2004 est. 199 Russia 11.50 2004 est. 200 Malawi 12.00 2004 est. 201 Ukraine 12.00 2004 est. 202 Yemen 12.20 2004 est. 203 Laos 12.30 2004 est. 204 Jamaica 12.40 2004 est. 205 Cyprus 12.60 2003 est. 206 Mozambique 12.80 2004 est. 207 Ghana 13.00 2004 est. 208 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14.00 2003 est. 209 Sao Tome and Principe 14.00 2004 est. 210 Liberia 15.00 2003 est. 211 Iran 15.50 2004 est. 212 Nigeria 16.50 2004 est. 213 Burma 17.20 2004 est. 214 Belarus 17.40 2004 est. 215 Guinea 18.00 2004 est. 216 Zambia 18.30 2004 est. 217 Haiti 22.00 2004 est. 218 Venezuela 22.40 2004 est. 219 Suriname 23.00 2003 est. 220 Iraq 25.40 2004 est. 221 Angola 43.80 2004 est. 222 Dominican Republic 55.00 2004 est. 223 Zimbabwe 133.00 2004 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2093
Rank Country Waterways(km) Date of Information
1 World 671,886 2004 2 China 121,557 2002 3 Russia 96,000 2004 4 European Union 53,512 5 Brazil 50,000 2004 6 United States 41,009 2004 7 Indonesia 21,579 2004 8 Vietnam 17,702 2004 9 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 15,000 2004 10 India 14,500 2004 11 Burma 12,800 2004 12 Argentina 11,000 2004 13 Papua New Guinea 10,940 2003 14 Bolivia 10,000 2004 15 Colombia 9,187 2004 16 Peru 8,808 2004 17 Nigeria 8,600 2004 18 France 8,500 2000 19 Bangladesh 8,372 2004 20 Finland 7,842 2004 21 Germany 7,300 2004 22 Malaysia 7,200 2004 23 Venezuela 7,100 2004 24 Iraq 5,275 2004 25 Netherlands 5,046 2004 26 Laos 4,600 2003 27 Congo, Republic of the 4,385 2004 28 Sudan 4,068 2004 29 Kazakhstan 4,000 2004 30 Thailand 4,000 2003 31 Poland 3,997 2003 32 French Guiana 3,760 2004 33 Egypt 3,500 2004 34 Philippines 3,219 2004 35 United Kingdom 3,200 2004 36 Paraguay 3,100 2004 37 Mexico 2,900 2004 38 Central African Republic 2,800 2004 39 Belarus 2,500 2003 40 Cambodia 2,400 2004 41 Italy 2,400 2004 42 Korea, North 2,250 2004 43 Zambia 2,250 2003 44 Nicaragua 2,220 1997 45 Belgium 2,043 2003 46 Australia 2,000 2004 47 Mali 1,815 2004 48 Japan 1,770 2004 49 Romania 1,731 2004 50 Ukraine 1,672 2004 51 Hungary 1,622 2004 52 Korea, South 1,608 2004 53 Gabon 1,600 2003 54 Uruguay 1,600 2002 55 Ecuador 1,500 2003 56 Angola 1,300 2004 57 Turkmenistan 1,300 2003 58 Guinea 1,295 2003 59 Ghana 1,293 2003 60 Afghanistan 1,200 2004 61 Turkey 1,200 2003 62 Suriname 1,200 2003 63 Uzbekistan 1,100 2004 64 Guyana 1,077 2004 65 Spain 1,045 2003 66 Senegal 1,000 2003 67 Guatemala 990 2004 68 Cote d'Ivoire 980 2003 69 Syria 900 2002 70 Iran 850 2004 71 Belize 825 2004 72 Panama 800 2004 73 Sierra Leone 800 2003 74 Croatia 785 2004 75 Ireland 753 2004 76 Costa Rica 730 2004 77 Malawi 700 2003 78 Czech Republic 664 2004 79 Canada 631 2003 80 Kyrgyzstan 600 2004 81 Lithuania 600 2004 82 Madagascar 600 2004 83 Serbia and Montenegro 587 2004 84 Mongolia 580 2004 85 Estonia 500 2003 86 Bulgaria 470 2004 87 Honduras 465 2004 88 Mozambique 460 2004 89 Moldova 424 2004 90 Denmark 417 2001 91 Gambia, The 390 2004 92 Austria 358 2003 93 Latvia 300 2004 94 Niger 300 2004 95 Uganda 300 2004 est. 96 Cuba 240 2004 97 Portugal 210 2003 98 Brunei 209 2004 99 Fiji 203 2004 100 Tajikistan 200 2003 101 Slovakia 172 2004 102 Sri Lanka 160 2004 103 Benin 150 2004 104 Switzerland 65 2003 105 Togo 50 2003 106 Albania 43 2004 107 Luxembourg 37 2003 108 Liechtenstein 28 2004 109 Greece 6 2004 110 Kiribati 5 2003
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2095
Rank Country Labor force Date of Information
1 China 760,800,000 2003 2 India 482,200,000 2004 est. 3 European Union 215,000,000 various 4 United States 147,400,000 2004 est. 5 Indonesia 111,500,000 2004 est. 6 Brazil 89,000,000 2004 est. 7 Russia 71,830,000 2004 est. 8 Japan 66,970,000 2004 est. 9 Bangladesh 65,490,000 2004 est. 10 Nigeria 55,670,000 2004 est. 11 Pakistan 45,430,000 2004 est. 12 Vietnam 42,980,000 2004 est. 13 Germany 42,630,000 2004 est. 14 Thailand 36,430,000 November 2004 est. 15 Philippines 35,860,000 2004 est. 16 Mexico 34,730,000 2004 est. 17 United Kingdom 29,780,000 2004 est. 18 France 27,700,000 2004 est. 19 Burma 27,010,000 2004 est. 20 Turkey 25,300,000 2003 est. 21 Italy 24,270,000 2004 est. 22 Iran 23,000,000 2004 est. 23 Korea, South 22,900,000 2004 est. 24 Ukraine 21,110,000 2004 est. 25 Egypt 20,710,000 2004 est. 26 Colombia 20,700,000 2004 est. 27 Spain 19,330,000 2004 est. 28 Tanzania 19,000,000 2004 est. 29 Canada 17,370,000 2004 30 Poland 17,020,000 2004 est. 31 South Africa 16,630,000 2004 est. 32 Argentina 15,040,000 2004 est. 33 Uzbekistan 14,640,000 2004 est. 34 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14,510,000 1993 est. 35 Uganda 12,410,000 2004 est. 36 Venezuela 12,250,000 2004 est. 37 Afghanistan 11,800,000 2001 est. 38 Kenya 11,400,000 2004 est. 39 Morocco 11,020,000 2004 est. 40 Peru 11,000,000 2004 est. 41 Sudan 11,000,000 1996 est. 42 Malaysia 10,490,000 2004 est. 43 Australia 10,350,000 2004 est. 44 Ghana 10,240,000 2004 est. 45 Taiwan 10,220,000 2004 est. 46 Nepal 10,000,000 1996 est. 47 Algeria 9,910,000 2004 est. 48 Romania 9,660,000 2004 est. 49 Korea, North 9,600,000 50 Mozambique 9,200,000 2000 est. 51 Kazakhstan 7,950,000 2004 est. 52 Netherlands 7,530,000 2004 est. 53 Madagascar 7,300,000 2000 54 Sri Lanka 7,260,000 2004 est. 55 Cambodia 7,000,000 2003 est. 56 Cote d'Ivoire 6,700,000 2004 est. 57 Iraq 6,700,000 2004 est. 58 Cameroon 6,680,000 2004 est. 59 Saudi Arabia 6,620,000 2004 est. 60 Chile 6,200,000 2004 est. 61 Yemen 5,980,000 2004 est. 62 Portugal 5,480,000 2004 est. 63 Angola 5,410,000 2004 est. 64 Czech Republic 5,250,000 2004 est. 65 Syria 5,120,000 2004 est. 66 Azerbaijan 5,090,000 2004 est. 67 Burkina Faso 5,000,000 2003 68 Belgium 4,750,000 2004 est. 69 Senegal 4,650,000 2004 est. 70 Zambia 4,630,000 2004 est. 71 Rwanda 4,600,000 2000 72 Cuba 4,550,000 2004 est. 73 Ecuador 4,530,000 2004 est. 74 Malawi 4,500,000 2001 est. 75 Sweden 4,460,000 2004 est. 76 Greece 4,400,000 2004 est. 77 Belarus 4,305,000 31 December 2003 78 Zimbabwe 4,230,000 2004 est. 79 Hungary 4,170,000 2004 est. 80 Mali 3,930,000 2001 est. 81 Bolivia 3,800,000 2004 est. 82 Switzerland 3,770,000 2004 est. 83 Somalia 3,700,000 84 Guatemala 3,680,000 2004 est. 85 Haiti 3,600,000 1995 86 Tunisia 3,550,000 2004 est. 87 Hong Kong 3,540,000 October 2004 est. 88 Austria 3,450,000 2004 est. 89 Bulgaria 3,398,000 2004 est. 90 Papua New Guinea 3,320,000 2004 est. 91 Serbia and Montenegro 3,200,000 2004 est. 92 Tajikistan 3,187,000 2000 93 Guinea 3,000,000 1999 94 Burundi 2,990,000 2002 95 Denmark 2,870,000 2004 est. 96 El Salvador 2,750,000 2004 est. 97 Kyrgyzstan 2,700,000 2000 98 Israel 2,680,000 2004 est. 99 Finland 2,660,000 2004 est. 100 Paraguay 2,660,000 2004 est. 101 Laos 2,600,000 2001 est. 102 Lebanon 2,600,000 2001 est. 103 Honduras 2,470,000 2004 est. 104 Norway 2,380,000 2004 est. 105 United Arab Emirates 2,360,000 2004 est. 106 Turkmenistan 2,320,000 2003 est. 107 Slovakia 2,200,000 3rd quarter, 2004 est. 108 Singapore 2,180,000 2004 est. 109 Georgia 2,100,000 2001 est. 110 New Zealand 2,050,000 2004 est. 111 Nicaragua 1,930,000 2004 est. 112 Ireland 1,920,000 2004 est. 113 Costa Rica 1,810,000 2004 est. 114 Togo 1,740,000 1996 115 Croatia 1,710,000 2004 est. 116 Lithuania 1,630,000 2004 est. 117 Libya 1,590,000 2004 est. 118 Uruguay 1,560,000 2004 est. 119 Mongolia 1,488,000 2003 120 Kuwait 1,420,000 2004 est. 121 Jordan 1,410,000 2004 est. 122 Armenia 1,400,000 2001 123 Sierra Leone 1,369,000 1981 est. 124 Moldova 1,360,000 2004 est. 125 Panama 1,320,000 2004 est. 126 Puerto Rico 1,300,000 2000 127 Latvia 1,170,000 2004 est. 128 Jamaica 1,140,000 2004 est. 129 Albania 1,090,000 2004 est. 130 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,026,000 2001 131 Oman 920,000 2002 est. 132 Slovenia 870,000 2004 est. 133 Macedonia 855,000 2004 est. 134 Namibia 840,000 2004 est. 135 Lesotho 838,000 2000 136 Mauritania 786,000 2001 137 Gaza Strip 725,000 2004 138 Estonia 660,000 2004 est. 139 Gabon 650,000 2004 est. 140 Trinidad and Tobago 590,000 2004 est. 141 Mauritius 560,000 2004 est. 142 Guinea-Bissau 480,000 1999 143 Guyana 418,000 2001 est. 144 Gambia, The 400,000 1996 145 Swaziland 383,200 2000 146 Bahrain 370,000 2004 est. 147 West Bank 364,000 2004 148 Cyprus 330,000 2004 est. 149 Reunion 309,900 2000 150 Luxembourg 293,700 2004 est. 151 Djibouti 282,000 2000 152 Botswana 264,000 2000 153 Macau 231,500 3rd Quarter, 2004 154 Martinique 165,900 1998 155 Malta 160,000 2002 est. 156 Iceland 158,100 2004 est. 157 Brunei 158,000 2002 est. 158 Bahamas, The 156,000 1999 159 Comoros 144,500 1996 est. 160 Qatar 140,000 2004 est. 161 Fiji 137,000 1999 162 Barbados 128,500 2001 est. 163 Guadeloupe 125,900 1997 164 Suriname 104,000 2003 165 Cyprus 95,025 2004 est. 166 Belize 90,000 2001 est. 167 Samoa 90,000 2000 est. 168 Netherlands Antilles 89,000 2000 169 Maldives 88,000 2000 170 New Caledonia 79,400 1996 171 French Polynesia 70,000 1996 172 Niger 70,000 2002 est. 173 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 67,000 1984 est. 174 Guam 60,000 2000 est. 175 French Guiana 58,800 1997 176 Jersey 52,790 2004 177 Virgin Islands 48,900 2003 est. 178 Mayotte 48,800 2000 179 Saint Lucia 43,800 2001 est. 180 Grenada 42,300 1996 181 Aruba 41,500 1997 est. 182 Man, Isle of 39,690 2001 183 Bermuda 37,470 2000 184 Tonga 33,910 1996 185 Andorra 33,000 2001 est. 186 Guernsey 32,290 2001 187 Seychelles 30,900 1996 188 Monaco 30,540 January 1994 189 Antigua and Barbuda 30,000 190 Liechtenstein 29,000 31 December 2001 191 Marshall Islands 28,700 1996 est. 192 Solomon Islands 26,840 1999 193 Dominica 25,000 1999 est. 194 Greenland 24,500 1999 est. 195 Faroe Islands 24,250 October 2000 196 Cayman Islands 19,820 1995 197 San Marino 18,500 1999 198 Saint Kitts and Nevis 18,170 June 1995 199 Gibraltar 14,800 1999 200 American Samoa 14,000 1996 201 British Virgin Islands 12,770 2004 202 Western Sahara 12,000 203 Palau 9,845 2000 204 Cook Islands 8,000 1996 205 Kiribati 7,870 2001 est. 206 Tuvalu 7,000 2001 est. 207 Anguilla 6,049 2001 208 Northern Mariana Islands 6,006 June 1995 209 Turks and Caicos Islands 4,848 1990 est. 210 Montserrat 4,521 2000 est. 211 Saint Helena 3,500 1998 est. 212 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3,261 1999 213 Norfolk Island 1,345 214 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,100 215 Pitcairn Islands 15 2004
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2102
Rank Country Life expectancy at birth(years) Date of Information
1 Andorra 83.51 2005 est. 2 Macau 82.12 2005 est. 3 San Marino 81.62 2005 est. 4 Singapore 81.62 2005 est. 5 Hong Kong 81.50 2005 est. 6 Japan 81.15 2005 est. 7 Sweden 80.40 2005 est. 8 Australia 80.39 2005 est. 9 Switzerland 80.39 2005 est. 10 Guernsey 80.30 2005 est. 11 Iceland 80.19 2005 est. 12 Canada 80.10 2005 est. 13 Cayman Islands 79.95 2005 est. 14 Italy 79.68 2005 est. 15 Gibraltar 79.67 2005 est. 16 France 79.60 2005 est. 17 Monaco 79.57 2005 est. 18 Liechtenstein 79.55 2005 est. 19 Spain 79.52 2005 est. 20 Norway 79.40 2005 est. 21 Israel 79.32 2005 est. 22 Jersey 79.24 2005 est. 23 Faroe Islands 79.21 2005 est. 24 Aruba 79.14 2005 est. 25 Greece 79.09 2005 est. 26 Martinique 79.04 2005 est. 27 Austria 78.92 2005 est. 28 Virgin Islands 78.91 2005 est. 29 Malta 78.86 2005 est. 30 Netherlands 78.81 2005 est. 31 Luxembourg 78.74 2005 est. 32 Montserrat 78.71 2005 est. 33 New Zealand 78.66 2005 est. 34 Germany 78.65 2005 est. 35 Belgium 78.62 2005 est. 36 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 78.46 2005 est. 37 Guam 78.40 2005 est. 38 United Kingdom 78.38 2005 est. 39 Finland 78.35 2005 est. 40 Man, Isle of 78.34 2005 est. 41 European Union 78.30 July 2005 est. 42 Puerto Rico 78.29 2005 est. 43 Jordan 78.24 2005 est. 44 Guadeloupe 77.90 2005 est. 45 Bosnia and Herzegovina 77.83 2005 est. 46 Bermuda 77.79 2005 est. 47 Saint Helena 77.76 2005 est. 48 United States 77.71 2005 est. 49 Cyprus 77.65 2005 est. 50 Denmark 77.62 2005 est. 51 Ireland 77.56 2005 est. 52 Portugal 77.53 2005 est. 53 Taiwan 77.26 2005 est. 54 Albania 77.24 2005 est. 55 Cuba 77.23 2005 est. 56 Anguilla 77.11 2005 est. 57 French Guiana 77.09 2005 est. 58 Kuwait 77.03 2005 est. 59 Korea, South 76.85 2005 est. 60 Costa Rica 76.84 2005 est. 61 Chile 76.58 2005 est. 62 Libya 76.50 2005 est. 63 British Virgin Islands 76.49 2005 est. 64 Ecuador 76.21 2005 est. 65 Slovenia 76.14 2005 est. 66 Uruguay 76.13 2005 est. 67 Czech Republic 76.02 2005 est. 68 Argentina 75.91 2005 est. 69 French Polynesia 75.90 2005 est. 70 Northern Mariana Islands 75.88 2005 est. 71 Georgia 75.88 2005 est. 72 American Samoa 75.84 2005 est. 73 Netherlands Antilles 75.83 2005 est. 74 Saudi Arabia 75.46 2005 est. 75 Panama 75.25 2005 est. 76 United Arab Emirates 75.24 2005 est. 77 Mexico 75.19 2005 est. 78 Paraguay 74.89 2005 est. 79 Tunisia 74.89 2005 est. 80 Brunei 74.80 2005 est. 81 Poland 74.74 2005 est. 82 Serbia and Montenegro 74.73 2005 est. 83 Dominica 74.65 2005 est. 84 Turks and Caicos Islands 74.51 2005 est. 85 Slovakia 74.50 2005 est. 86 Croatia 74.45 2005 est. 87 Venezuela 74.31 2005 est. 88 Bahrain 74.23 2005 est. 89 New Caledonia 74.04 2005 est. 90 Lithuania 73.97 2005 est. 91 Reunion 73.95 2005 est. 92 Macedonia 73.73 2005 est. 93 Qatar 73.67 2005 est. 94 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 73.62 2005 est. 95 Saint Lucia 73.61 2005 est. 96 Jamaica 73.33 2005 est. 97 Sri Lanka 73.17 2005 est. 98 Oman 73.13 2005 est. 99 West Bank 73.08 2005 est. 100 Algeria 73.00 2005 est. 101 Solomon Islands 72.66 2005 est. 102 Lebanon 72.63 2005 est. 103 Barbados 72.59 2005 est. 104 Hungary 72.40 2005 est. 105 Mauritius 72.38 2005 est. 106 Turkey 72.36 2005 est. 107 China 72.27 2005 est. 108 Malaysia 72.24 2005 est. 109 Saint Kitts and Nevis 72.15 2005 est. 110 Bulgaria 72.03 2005 est. 111 Thailand 71.95 2005 est. 112 Antigua and Barbuda 71.90 2005 est. 113 Seychelles 71.82 2005 est. 114 Gaza Strip 71.79 2005 est. 115 Estonia 71.77 2005 est. 116 Colombia 71.72 2005 est. 117 Brazil 71.69 2005 est. 118 Armenia 71.55 2005 est. 119 Dominican Republic 71.44 2005 est. 120 Korea, North 71.37 2005 est. 121 Romania 71.35 2005 est. 122 El Salvador 71.22 2005 est. 123 Latvia 71.05 2005 est. 124 Egypt 71.00 2005 est. 125 Samoa 70.72 2005 est. 126 Morocco 70.66 2005 est. 127 Vietnam 70.61 2005 est. 128 Cape Verde 70.45 2005 est. 129 Nicaragua 70.33 2005 est. 130 Palau 70.14 2005 est. 131 Syria 70.03 2005 est. 132 Marshall Islands 70.01 2005 est. 133 Iran 69.96 2005 est. 134 Philippines 69.91 2005 est. 135 Micronesia, Federated States of 69.75 2005 est. 136 Ukraine 69.68 2005 est. 137 Greenland 69.65 2005 est. 138 Indonesia 69.57 2005 est. 139 Fiji 69.53 2005 est. 140 Peru 69.53 2005 est. 141 Tonga 69.53 2005 est. 142 Honduras 69.30 2005 est. 143 Guatemala 69.06 2005 est. 144 Suriname 68.96 2005 est. 145 Belarus 68.72 2005 est. 146 Iraq 68.70 2005 est. 147 Belize 68.44 2005 est. 148 Kyrgyzstan 68.16 2005 est. 149 Tuvalu 68.01 2005 est. 150 Russia 67.10 2005 est. 151 Sao Tome and Principe 66.99 2005 est. 152 Trinidad and Tobago 66.73 2005 est. 153 Kazakhstan 66.55 2005 est. 154 East Timor 65.90 2005 est. 155 Bahamas, The 65.54 2005 est. 156 Bolivia 65.50 2005 est. 157 Guyana 65.50 2005 est. 158 Moldova 65.18 2005 est. 159 Papua New Guinea 64.93 2005 est. 160 Tajikistan 64.56 2005 est. 161 Grenada 64.53 2005 est. 162 Mongolia 64.52 2005 est. 163 India 64.35 2005 est. 164 World 64.33 2005 est. 165 Uzbekistan 64.19 2005 est. 166 Maldives 64.06 2005 est. 167 Azerbaijan 63.35 2005 est. 168 Pakistan 63.00 2005 est. 169 Nauru 62.73 2005 est. 170 Vanuatu 62.49 2005 est. 171 Bangladesh 62.08 2005 est. 172 Comoros 61.96 2005 est. 173 Yemen 61.75 2005 est. 174 Kiribati 61.71 2005 est. 175 Mayotte 61.39 2005 est. 176 Turkmenistan 61.39 2005 est. 177 Burma 60.70 2005 est. 178 Nepal 59.80 2005 est. 179 Cambodia 58.92 2005 est. 180 Senegal 58.90 2005 est. 181 Sudan 58.54 2005 est. 182 Eritrea 58.47 2005 est. 183 Ghana 58.47 2005 est. 184 Togo 57.01 2005 est. 185 Madagascar 56.95 2005 est. 186 Laos 55.08 2005 est. 187 Gabon 55.02 2005 est. 188 Bhutan 54.39 2005 est. 189 Gambia, The 53.75 2005 est. 190 Haiti 52.92 2005 est. 191 Mauritania 52.73 2005 est. 192 Benin 52.66 2005 est. 193 Congo, Republic of the 52.26 2005 est. 194 Uganda 51.59 2005 est. 195 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 51.10 2005 est. 196 Cameroon 50.89 2005 est. 197 Burundi 50.29 2005 est. 198 Equatorial Guinea 49.70 2005 est. 199 Guinea 49.36 2005 est. 200 Ethiopia 48.83 2005 est. 201 Mali 48.64 2005 est. 202 Cote d'Ivoire 48.62 2005 est. 203 Burkina Faso 48.45 2005 est. 204 Somalia 48.09 2005 est. 205 Kenya 47.99 2005 est. 206 Chad 47.18 2005 est. 207 Rwanda 46.96 2005 est. 208 Nigeria 46.74 2005 est. 209 Guinea-Bissau 46.61 2005 est. 210 Tanzania 45.24 2005 est. 211 Namibia 43.93 2005 est. 212 Niger 43.50 2005 est. 213 Central African Republic 43.39 2005 est. 214 South Africa 43.27 2005 est. 215 Djibouti 43.10 2005 est. 216 Afghanistan 42.90 2005 est. 217 Malawi 41.43 2005 est. 218 Mozambique 40.32 2005 est. 219 Sierra Leone 39.87 2005 est. 220 Zambia 39.70 2005 est. 221 Zimbabwe 39.13 2005 est. 222 Liberia 38.89 2005 est. 223 Angola 38.43 2005 est. 224 Lesotho 34.47 2005 est. 225 Botswana 33.87 2005 est. 226 Swaziland 33.22 2005 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2108
Rank Country Merchant marine Date of Information
1 World 30,936 2005 2 Panama 5,005 2005 3 China 1,649 2005 4 Liberia 1,465 2005 5 Russia 1,194 2005 6 Malta 1,140 2005 7 Bahamas, The 1,119 2005 8 Antigua and Barbuda 980 2005 9 Cyprus 972 2005 10 Singapore 923 2005 11 Greece 861 2005 12 Hong Kong 837 2005 13 Norway 740 2005 14 Indonesia 728 2005 15 Japan 702 2005 16 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 657 2005 17 Korea, South 601 2005 18 Italy 565 2005 19 Netherlands 558 2005 20 Marshall Islands 540 2005 21 Turkey 526 2005 22 United States 486 2005 23 Cambodia 479 2005 24 United Kingdom 429 2005 25 Philippines 419 2005 26 Thailand 386 2005 27 Malaysia 346 2005 28 Germany 332 2005 29 India 299 2005 30 Belize 295 2005 31 Denmark 287 2005 32 Man, Isle of 267 2005 33 Korea, North 238 2005 34 Sweden 205 2005 35 Ukraine 201 2005 36 Vietnam 194 2005 37 Spain 182 2005 38 Georgia 175 2005 39 Canada 169 2005 40 Netherlands Antilles 168 2005 41 Gibraltar 161 2005 42 Brazil 150 2005 43 Iran 144 2005 44 Honduras 137 2005 45 Cayman Islands 129 2005 46 Taiwan 126 2005 47 Syria 120 2005 48 Portugal 114 2005 49 Bermuda 108 2005 50 Finland 94 2005 51 Azerbaijan 81 2005 52 Comoros 79 2005 53 Egypt 77 2005 54 French Southern and Antarctic Lands 75 2005 55 Croatia 73 2005 56 Mongolia 65 2005 57 Bulgaria 64 2005 58 Saudi Arabia 64 2005 59 Barbados 58 2005 60 Mexico 57 2005 61 United Arab Emirates 56 2005 62 Algeria 56 2005 63 Venezuela 56 2005 64 France 56 2005 65 Australia 55 2005 66 Lithuania 54 2005 67 Monaco 54 2005 68 Belgium 53 2005 69 Vanuatu 52 2005 70 Chile 47 2005 71 Nigeria 46 2005 72 Lebanon 44 2005 73 Estonia 43 2005 74 Bangladesh 41 2005 75 Morocco 41 2005 76 Luxembourg 40 2005 77 Ireland 39 2005 78 Kuwait 39 2005 79 Burma 37 2005 80 Romania 34 2005 81 Bolivia 32 2005 82 Dominica 32 2005 83 Ecuador 31 2005 84 Tonga 29 2005 85 Argentina 26 2005 86 Albania 25 2005 87 Slovakia 24 2005 88 Sri Lanka 23 2005 89 Switzerland 23 2005 90 Tuvalu 23 2005 91 Slovenia 23 92 Papua New Guinea 22 2005 93 Qatar 22 2005 94 Paraguay 21 2005 95 Jordan 20 2005 96 Latvia 19 2005 97 Israel 17 2005 98 Libya 17 2005 99 Maldives 16 2005 100 Colombia 15 2005 101 Sao Tome and Principe 15 2005 102 French Polynesia 15 2005 103 Cuba 15 2005 104 Faroe Islands 14 2005 105 Iraq 14 2005 106 New Zealand 13 2005 107 Pakistan 13 2005 108 Tunisia 12 2005 109 Tanzania 11 2005 110 Uruguay 11 2005 111 Jamaica 9 2005 112 Madagascar 9 2005 113 Austria 8 2005 114 Bahrain 8 2005 115 Brunei 8 2005 116 Ethiopia 8 2005 117 Mauritius 8 2005 118 Fiji 7 2005 119 Poland 7 2005 120 Turkmenistan 7 2005 121 Eritrea 6 2005 122 Guyana 6 2005 123 Trinidad and Tobago 6 2005 124 Cape Verde 5 2005 125 Seychelles 5 2005 126 Yemen 5 2005 127 Angola 4 2005 128 Gambia, The 4 2005 129 Wallis and Futuna 4 2005 130 Peru 4 2005 131 Ghana 4 2005 132 Dominican Republic 3 2005 133 Kazakhstan 3 2005 134 Kenya 3 2005 135 Iceland 3 2005 136 Greenland 3 2005 137 French Guiana 3 138 Czech Republic 3 139 Costa Rica 2 2005 140 Sudan 2 2005 141 Serbia and Montenegro 2 2005 142 Togo 2 2005 143 Sierra Leone 2 2005 144 Moldova 2 2005 145 New Caledonia 2 2005 146 Puerto Rico 2 2005 147 South Africa 2 2005 148 Mozambique 2 2005 149 Micronesia, Federated States of 2 2005 150 Andorra 1 151 Samoa 1 2005 152 Namibia 1 2005 153 British Virgin Islands 1 2005 154 Reunion 1 2005 155 Suriname 1 2005 156 Oman 1 2005 157 Laos 1 2005 158 Guadeloupe 1 2005 159 Cook Islands 1 2005 160 Djibouti 1 2005 161 Kiribati 1 2005 162 Equatorial Guinea 1 2005 163 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1 164 Cameroon 1 2005
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2119
Rank Country Population Date of Information
1 World 6,446,131,400 July 2005 est. 2 China 1,306,313,812 July 2005 est. 3 India 1,080,264,388 July 2005 est. 4 European Union 456,953,258 July 2005 est. 5 United States 295,734,134 July 2005 est. 6 Indonesia 241,973,879 July 2005 est. 7 Brazil 186,112,794 July 2005 est. 8 Pakistan 162,419,946 July 2005 est. 9 Bangladesh 144,319,628 July 2005 est. 10 Russia 143,420,309 July 2005 est. 11 Nigeria 128,765,768 July 2005 est. 12 Japan 127,417,244 July 2005 est. 13 Mexico 106,202,903 July 2005 est. 14 Philippines 87,857,473 July 2005 est. 15 Vietnam 83,535,576 July 2005 est. 16 Germany 82,431,390 July 2005 est. 17 Egypt 77,505,756 July 2005 est. 18 Ethiopia 73,053,286 July 2005 est. 19 Turkey 69,660,559 July 2005 est. 20 Iran 68,017,860 July 2005 est. 21 Thailand 64,185,502 July 2005 est. 22 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 60,764,490 July 2005 est. 23 France 60,656,178 July 2005 est. 24 United Kingdom 60,441,457 July 2005 est. 25 Italy 58,103,033 July 2005 est. 26 Korea, South 48,640,671 July 2005 est. 27 Ukraine 46,996,765 July 2005 est. 28 Burma 46,996,558 July 2005 est. 29 South Africa 44,344,136 July 2005 est. 30 Colombia 42,954,279 July 2005 est. 31 Spain 40,341,462 July 2005 est. 32 Sudan 40,187,486 July 2005 est. 33 Argentina 39,537,943 July 2005 est. 34 Poland 38,557,984 July 2005 est. 35 Tanzania 36,766,356 July 2005 est. 36 Kenya 33,829,590 July 2005 est. 37 Canada 32,805,041 July 2005 est. 38 Morocco 32,725,847 July 2005 est. 39 Algeria 32,531,853 July 2005 est. 40 Afghanistan 29,928,987 July 2005 est. 41 Peru 27,925,628 July 2005 est. 42 Nepal 27,676,547 July 2005 est. 43 Uganda 27,269,482 July 2005 est. 44 Uzbekistan 26,851,195 July 2005 est. 45 Saudi Arabia 26,417,599 July 2005 est. 46 Iraq 26,074,906 July 2005 est. 47 Venezuela 25,375,281 July 2005 est. 48 Malaysia 23,953,136 July 2005 est. 49 Korea, North 22,912,177 July 2005 est. 50 Taiwan 22,894,384 July 2005 est. 51 Romania 22,329,977 July 2005 est. 52 Ghana 21,946,247 July 2005 est. 53 Yemen 20,727,063 July 2005 est. 54 Australia 20,090,437 July 2005 est. 55 Sri Lanka 20,064,776 July 2005 est. 56 Mozambique 19,406,703 July 2005 est. 57 Syria 18,448,752 July 2005 est. 58 Madagascar 18,040,341 July 2005 est. 59 Cote d'Ivoire 17,298,040 July 2005 est. 60 Cameroon 16,988,132 July 2005 est. 61 Netherlands 16,407,491 July 2005 est. 62 Chile 15,980,912 July 2005 est. 63 Kazakhstan 15,185,844 July 2005 est. 64 Cambodia 13,636,398 July 2005 est. 65 Burkina Faso 13,491,736 July 2005 est. 66 Ecuador 13,363,593 July 2005 est. 67 Malawi 12,707,464 July 2005 est. 68 Niger 12,162,856 July 2005 est. 69 Zimbabwe 12,160,782 July 2005 est. 70 Guatemala 12,013,907 July 2005 est. 71 Angola 11,827,315 July 2005 est. 72 Senegal 11,706,498 July 2005 est. 73 Mali 11,415,261 July 2005 est. 74 Cuba 11,346,670 July 2005 est. 75 Zambia 11,261,795 July 2005 est. 76 Serbia and Montenegro 10,829,175 July 2005 est. 77 Greece 10,668,354 July 2005 est. 78 Portugal 10,566,212 July 2005 est. 79 Belgium 10,364,388 July 2005 est. 80 Belarus 10,300,483 July 2005 est. 81 Czech Republic 10,241,138 July 2005 est. 82 Tunisia 10,074,951 July 2005 est. 83 Hungary 10,006,835 July 2005 est. 84 Chad 9,657,069 July 2005 est. 85 Guinea 9,452,670 July 2005 est. 86 Dominican Republic 9,049,595 July 2005 est. 87 Sweden 9,001,774 July 2005 est. 88 Bolivia 8,857,870 July 2005 est. 89 Somalia 8,591,629 July 2005 est. 90 Rwanda 8,440,820 July 2005 est. 91 Austria 8,184,691 July 2005 est. 92 Haiti 8,121,622 July 2005 est. 93 Azerbaijan 7,911,974 July 2005 est. 94 Burundi 7,795,426 July 2005 est. 95 Benin 7,649,360 July 2005 est. 96 Switzerland 7,489,370 July 2005 est. 97 Bulgaria 7,450,349 July 2005 est. 98 Honduras 7,167,902 July 2005 est. 99 Tajikistan 7,163,506 July 2005 est. 100 Hong Kong 6,898,686 July 2005 est. 101 El Salvador 6,704,932 July 2005 est. 102 Paraguay 6,347,884 July 2005 est. 103 Israel 6,276,883 July 2005 est. 104 Laos 6,217,141 July 2005 est. 105 Sierra Leone 5,867,426 July 2005 est. 106 Libya 5,765,563 July 2005 est. 107 Jordan 5,759,732 July 2005 est. 108 Papua New Guinea 5,545,268 July 2005 est. 109 Nicaragua 5,465,100 July 2005 est. 110 Denmark 5,432,335 July 2005 est. 111 Slovakia 5,431,363 July 2005 est. 112 Togo 5,399,991 July 2005 est. 113 Finland 5,223,442 July 2005 est. 114 Kyrgyzstan 5,146,281 July 2005 est. 115 Turkmenistan 4,952,081 July 2005 est. 116 Georgia 4,677,401 July 2005 est. 117 Eritrea 4,669,638 July 2005 est. 118 Norway 4,593,041 July 2005 est. 119 Croatia 4,495,904 July 2005 est. 120 Moldova 4,455,421 July 2005 est. 121 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,430,494 July 2005 est. 122 Singapore 4,425,720 July 2005 est. 123 Central African Republic 4,237,703 July 2005 est. 124 New Zealand 4,035,461 July 2005 est. 125 Costa Rica 4,016,173 July 2005 est. 126 Ireland 4,015,676 July 2005 est. 127 Puerto Rico 3,911,299 July 2005 est. 128 Lebanon 3,826,018 July 2005 est. 129 Congo, Republic of the 3,602,269 July 2005 est. 130 Lithuania 3,596,617 July 2005 est. 131 Albania 3,563,112 July 2005 est. 132 Uruguay 3,415,920 July 2005 est. 133 Panama 3,140,232 July 2005 est. 134 Mauritania 3,086,859 July 2005 est. 135 Oman 3,001,583 July 2005 est. 136 Armenia 2,982,904 July 2005 est. 137 Liberia 2,900,269 July 2005 est. 138 Mongolia 2,791,272 July 2005 est. 139 Jamaica 2,735,520 July 2005 est. 140 United Arab Emirates 2,563,212 July 2005 est. 141 West Bank 2,385,615 142 Kuwait 2,335,648 July 2005 est. 143 Latvia 2,290,237 July 2005 est. 144 Bhutan 2,232,291 July 2005 est. 145 Macedonia 2,045,262 July 2005 est. 146 Lesotho 2,031,348 July 2005 est. 147 Namibia 2,030,692 July 2005 est. 148 Slovenia 2,011,070 July 2005 est. 149 Botswana 1,640,115 July 2005 est. 150 Gambia, The 1,595,086 July 2005 est. 151 Guinea-Bissau 1,413,446 July 2005 est. 152 Gabon 1,394,307 July 2005 est. 153 Gaza Strip 1,376,289 July 2005 est. 154 Estonia 1,332,893 July 2005 est. 155 Mauritius 1,230,602 July 2005 est. 156 Swaziland 1,138,227 July 2005 est. 157 Trinidad and Tobago 1,075,066 July 2005 est. 158 East Timor 1,040,880 July 2005 est. 159 Fiji 893,354 July 2005 est. 160 Qatar 863,051 July 2005 est. 161 Cyprus 780,133 July 2005 est. 162 Reunion 776,948 July 2005 est. 163 Guyana 765,283 July 2005 est. 164 Bahrain 688,345 July 2005 est. 165 Comoros 671,247 July 2005 est. 166 Solomon Islands 538,032 July 2005 est. 167 Equatorial Guinea 529,034 July 2005 est. 168 Djibouti 476,703 July 2005 est. 169 Luxembourg 468,571 July 2005 est. 170 Macau 449,198 July 2005 est. 171 Guadeloupe 448,713 July 2005 est. 172 Suriname 438,144 July 2005 est. 173 Martinique 432,900 July 2005 est. 174 Cape Verde 418,224 July 2005 est. 175 Malta 398,534 July 2005 est. 176 Brunei 372,361 July 2005 est. 177 Maldives 349,106 July 2005 est. 178 Bahamas, The 301,790 July 2005 est. 179 Iceland 296,737 July 2005 est. 180 Belize 281,084 July 2005 est. 181 Barbados 278,870 July 2005 est. 182 Western Sahara 273,008 July 2005 est. 183 French Polynesia 270,485 July 2005 est. 184 Netherlands Antilles 219,958 July 2005 est. 185 New Caledonia 216,494 July 2005 est. 186 Vanuatu 205,754 July 2005 est. 187 French Guiana 195,506 July 2005 est. 188 Mayotte 193,633 July 2005 est. 189 Sao Tome and Principe 187,410 July 2005 est. 190 Samoa 177,287 July 2005 est. 191 Guam 168,564 July 2005 est. 192 Saint Lucia 166,312 July 2005 est. 193 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 117,534 July 2005 est. 194 Tonga 112,422 July 2005 est. 195 Virgin Islands 108,708 July 2005 est. 196 Micronesia, Federated States of 108,105 July 2005 est. 197 Kiribati 103,092 July 2005 est. 198 Jersey 90,812 July 2005 est. 199 Grenada 89,502 July 2005 est. 200 Seychelles 81,188 July 2005 est. 201 Northern Mariana Islands 80,362 July 2005 est. 202 Man, Isle of 75,049 July 2005 est. 203 Aruba 71,566 July 2005 est. 204 Andorra 70,549 July 2005 est. 205 Dominica 69,029 July 2005 est. 206 Antigua and Barbuda 68,722 July 2005 est. 207 Bermuda 65,365 July 2005 est. 208 Guernsey 65,228 July 2005 est. 209 Marshall Islands 59,071 July 2005 est. 210 American Samoa 57,881 July 2005 est. 211 Greenland 56,375 July 2005 est. 212 Faroe Islands 46,962 July 2005 est. 213 Cayman Islands 44,270 July 2005 est. 214 Saint Kitts and Nevis 38,958 July 2005 est. 215 Liechtenstein 33,717 July 2005 est. 216 Monaco 32,409 July 2005 est. 217 San Marino 28,880 July 2005 est. 218 Gibraltar 27,884 July 2005 est. 219 British Virgin Islands 22,643 July 2005 est. 220 Cook Islands 21,388 July 2005 est. 221 Turks and Caicos Islands 20,556 July 2005 est. 222 Palau 20,303 July 2005 est. 223 Wallis and Futuna 16,025 July 2005 est. 224 Anguilla 13,254 July 2005 est. 225 Nauru 13,048 July 2005 est. 226 Tuvalu 11,636 July 2005 est. 227 Montserrat 9,341 July 2005 est. 228 Saint Helena 7,460 July 2005 est. 229 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 7,012 July 2005 est. 230 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 2,967 July 2005 est. 231 Svalbard 2,701 July 2005 est. 232 Niue 2,166 July 2005 est. 233 Norfolk Island 1,828 July 2005 est. 234 Tokelau 1,392 July 2005 est. 235 Holy See (Vatican City) 932 July 2005 est. 236 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 628 July 2005 est. 237 Johnston Atoll 361 July 2005 est. 238 Christmas Island 361 July 2005 est. 239 Pitcairn Islands 45 July 2005 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2121
Rank Country Railways(km) Date of Information
1 World 1,115,205 2003 2 United States 227,736 2003 3 European Union 222,293 2003 4 Russia 87,157 2004 5 China 71,898 2002 6 India 63,230 2004 7 Australia 54,439 2004 8 Canada 48,683 2004 9 Germany 46,142 2004 10 Argentina 34,091 2004 11 France 29,519 2004 12 Brazil 29,412 2004 13 Poland 23,852 2004 14 Japan 23,577 2004 15 Ukraine 22,473 2004 16 South Africa 20,872 2004 17 Italy 19,319 2004 18 Mexico 17,634 2004 19 United Kingdom 17,274 2004 20 Spain 14,781 2004 21 Kazakhstan 13,700 2004 22 Sweden 11,481 2004 23 Romania 11,385 2004 24 Czech Republic 9,543 2004 25 Turkey 8,697 2004 26 Pakistan 8,163 2004 27 Hungary 7,937 2004 28 Iran 7,203 2004 29 Chile 6,585 2004 30 Indonesia 6,458 2004 31 Austria 6,021 2004 32 Sudan 5,995 2004 33 Finland 5,851 2004 34 Belarus 5,512 2004 35 Korea, North 5,214 2004 36 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 5,138 2004 37 Egypt 5,063 2004 38 Switzerland 4,527 2004 39 Serbia and Montenegro 4,380 2004 40 Bulgaria 4,294 2004 41 Cuba 4,226 2004 42 Norway 4,077 2004 43 Thailand 4,071 2004 44 Algeria 3,973 2004 45 Burma 3,955 2004 46 Uzbekistan 3,950 2004 47 New Zealand 3,898 2004 48 Tanzania 3,690 2004 49 Slovakia 3,662 2004 50 Nigeria 3,557 2004 51 Belgium 3,521 2004 52 Bolivia 3,519 2004 53 Korea, South 3,472 2004 54 Peru 3,462 2004 55 Ireland 3,312 2004 56 Colombia 3,304 2004 57 Mozambique 3,123 2004 58 Zimbabwe 3,077 2004 59 Azerbaijan 2,957 2004 60 Portugal 2,850 2004 61 Netherlands 2,808 2004 62 Kenya 2,778 2004 63 Angola 2,761 2004 64 Croatia 2,726 2004 65 Syria 2,711 2004 66 Bangladesh 2,706 2004 67 Denmark 2,628 2004 68 Vietnam 2,600 2004 69 Greece 2,571 2004 70 Taiwan 2,497 2004 71 Turkmenistan 2,440 2004 72 Namibia 2,382 2004 73 Latvia 2,303 2004 74 Iraq 2,200 2004 75 Zambia 2,173 2004 76 Tunisia 2,152 2004 77 Uruguay 2,073 2004 78 Lithuania 1,998 2004 79 Morocco 1,907 2004 80 Malaysia 1,890 2004 81 Mongolia 1,810 2004 82 Dominican Republic 1,743 2004 83 Georgia 1,612 2004 84 Sri Lanka 1,449 2004 85 Saudi Arabia 1,392 2004 86 Uganda 1,241 2004 87 Slovenia 1,201 2004 88 Moldova 1,138 2004 89 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,021 2004 90 Cameroon 1,008 2004 91 Ecuador 966 2004 92 Estonia 958 2004 93 Ghana 953 2004 94 Senegal 906 2004 95 Philippines 897 2004 96 Congo, Republic of the 894 2004 97 Botswana 888 2004 98 Guatemala 886 2004 99 Armenia 845 2004 100 Guinea 837 2004 101 Gabon 814 2004 102 Malawi 797 2004 103 Madagascar 732 2004 104 Mali 729 2004 105 Honduras 699 2004 106 Macedonia 699 2004 107 Venezuela 682 2004 108 Ethiopia 681 2004 109 Cote d'Ivoire 660 2004 110 Israel 640 2004 111 Burkina Faso 622 2004 112 Cambodia 602 2004 113 Fiji 597 2003 114 Benin 578 2004 115 Togo 568 2004 116 Jordan 505 2004 117 Liberia 490 2004 118 Tajikistan 482 2004 119 Kyrgyzstan 470 2004 120 Albania 447 2004 121 Paraguay 441 2004 122 Lebanon 401 2004 123 Panama 355 2004 124 Eritrea 306 2004 125 Swaziland 301 2004 126 El Salvador 283 2004 127 Costa Rica 278 2004 128 Luxembourg 274 2004 129 Jamaica 272 2003 130 Guyana 187 2001 est. 131 Djibouti 100 2004 132 Puerto Rico 96 2004 133 Man, Isle of 61 2003 134 Nepal 59 2004 135 Saint Kitts and Nevis 50 2003 136 Nicaragua 6 2004
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2127
Rank Country Total fertility rate(children born/woman) Date of Information
1 Niger 7.55 2005 est. 2 Mali 7.47 2005 est. 3 Somalia 6.84 2005 est. 4 Afghanistan 6.75 2005 est. 5 Uganda 6.74 2005 est. 6 Yemen 6.67 2005 est. 7 Burundi 6.63 2005 est. 8 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6.54 2005 est. 9 Burkina Faso 6.54 2005 est. 10 Angola 6.42 2005 est. 11 Chad 6.32 2005 est. 12 Sierra Leone 6.15 2005 est. 13 Congo, Republic of the 6.14 2005 est. 14 Liberia 6.09 2005 est. 15 Malawi 5.98 2005 est. 16 Mauritania 5.94 2005 est. 17 Gaza Strip 5.91 2005 est. 18 Mayotte 5.89 2005 est. 19 Oman 5.84 2005 est. 20 Guinea 5.83 2005 est. 21 Sao Tome and Principe 5.71 2005 est. 22 Madagascar 5.66 2005 est. 23 Nigeria 5.53 2005 est. 24 Rwanda 5.49 2005 est. 25 Zambia 5.47 2005 est. 26 Djibouti 5.40 2005 est. 27 Gambia, The 5.38 2005 est. 28 Ethiopia 5.33 2005 est. 29 Benin 5.32 2005 est. 30 Eritrea 5.20 2005 est. 31 Comoros 5.09 2005 est. 32 Tanzania 5.06 2005 est. 33 Haiti 5.02 2005 est. 34 Maldives 5.02 2005 est. 35 Togo 5.01 2005 est. 36 Kenya 4.96 2005 est. 37 Guinea-Bissau 4.93 2005 est. 38 Sudan 4.85 2005 est. 39 Bhutan 4.81 2005 est. 40 Gabon 4.77 2005 est. 41 Laos 4.77 2005 est. 42 Mozambique 4.70 2005 est. 43 Equatorial Guinea 4.62 2005 est. 44 Cote d'Ivoire 4.58 2005 est. 45 Central African Republic 4.50 2005 est. 46 Senegal 4.50 2005 est. 47 Cameroon 4.47 2005 est. 48 West Bank 4.40 2005 est. 49 Iraq 4.28 2005 est. 50 Kiribati 4.20 2005 est. 51 Nepal 4.19 2005 est. 52 Pakistan 4.14 2005 est. 53 Ghana 4.10 2005 est. 54 Saudi Arabia 4.05 2005 est. 55 Tajikistan 4.05 2005 est. 56 Solomon Islands 4.04 2005 est. 57 Papua New Guinea 3.96 2005 est. 58 Guatemala 3.93 2005 est. 59 Paraguay 3.93 2005 est. 60 Marshall Islands 3.93 2005 est. 61 Honduras 3.69 2005 est. 62 Belize 3.68 2005 est. 63 Swaziland 3.62 2005 est. 64 East Timor 3.61 2005 est. 65 Syria 3.50 2005 est. 66 Cape Verde 3.48 2005 est. 67 Cambodia 3.44 2005 est. 68 Turkmenistan 3.41 2005 est. 69 Lesotho 3.35 2005 est. 70 Libya 3.34 2005 est. 71 American Samoa 3.25 2005 est. 72 Micronesia, Federated States of 3.25 2005 est. 73 Nauru 3.19 2005 est. 74 Namibia 3.18 2005 est. 75 Zimbabwe 3.18 2005 est. 76 El Salvador 3.16 2005 est. 77 Philippines 3.16 2005 est. 78 Bangladesh 3.13 2005 est. 79 Turks and Caicos Islands 3.08 2005 est. 80 Malaysia 3.07 2005 est. 81 French Guiana 3.01 2005 est. 82 Samoa 3.01 2005 est. 83 Tonga 3.00 2005 est. 84 Tuvalu 3.00 2005 est. 85 Kuwait 2.97 2005 est. 86 United Arab Emirates 2.94 2005 est. 87 Uzbekistan 2.94 2005 est. 88 Bolivia 2.94 2005 est. 89 Egypt 2.88 2005 est. 90 Qatar 2.87 2005 est. 91 Dominican Republic 2.86 2005 est. 92 Botswana 2.85 2005 est. 93 Nicaragua 2.81 2005 est. 94 India 2.78 2005 est. 95 Vanuatu 2.77 2005 est. 96 Fiji 2.75 2005 est. 97 Morocco 2.73 2005 est. 98 Ecuador 2.72 2005 est. 99 Jordan 2.71 2005 est. 100 Kyrgyzstan 2.70 2005 est. 101 Panama 2.70 2005 est. 102 Bahrain 2.63 2005 est. 103 Guam 2.60 2005 est. 104 World 2.60 2005 est. 105 Colombia 2.56 2005 est. 106 Peru 2.56 2005 est. 107 Jamaica 2.47 2005 est. 108 Reunion 2.47 2005 est. 109 Palau 2.46 2005 est. 110 Mexico 2.45 2005 est. 111 Azerbaijan 2.44 2005 est. 112 Israel 2.44 2005 est. 113 Indonesia 2.44 2005 est. 114 Greenland 2.41 2005 est. 115 Grenada 2.37 2005 est. 116 Suriname 2.34 2005 est. 117 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2.33 2005 est. 118 New Caledonia 2.31 2005 est. 119 Brunei 2.30 2005 est. 120 Costa Rica 2.28 2005 est. 121 Antigua and Barbuda 2.26 2005 est. 122 Mongolia 2.26 2005 est. 123 Venezuela 2.26 2005 est. 124 South Africa 2.24 2005 est. 125 Saint Lucia 2.21 2005 est. 126 Bahamas, The 2.20 2005 est. 127 Faroe Islands 2.20 2005 est. 128 Argentina 2.19 2005 est. 129 Virgin Islands 2.19 2005 est. 130 Korea, North 2.15 2005 est. 131 United States 2.08 2005 est. 132 Guyana 2.05 2005 est. 133 Albania 2.04 2005 est. 134 French Polynesia 2.04 2005 est. 135 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2.03 2005 est. 136 Chile 2.02 2005 est. 137 Burma 2.01 2005 est. 138 Netherlands Antilles 2.00 2005 est. 139 Dominica 1.96 2005 est. 140 Mauritius 1.96 2005 est. 141 Turkey 1.94 2005 est. 142 Vietnam 1.94 2005 est. 143 Brazil 1.93 2005 est. 144 Algeria 1.92 2005 est. 145 Lebanon 1.92 2005 est. 146 Iceland 1.92 2005 est. 147 Guadeloupe 1.91 2005 est. 148 Uruguay 1.91 2005 est. 149 Cayman Islands 1.90 2005 est. 150 Bermuda 1.89 2005 est. 151 Kazakhstan 1.89 2005 est. 152 Ireland 1.87 2005 est. 153 Sri Lanka 1.85 2005 est. 154 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.85 2005 est. 155 France 1.85 2005 est. 156 Cyprus 1.83 2005 est. 157 Iran 1.82 2005 est. 158 Moldova 1.81 2005 est. 159 Aruba 1.79 2005 est. 160 New Zealand 1.79 2005 est. 161 Luxembourg 1.79 2005 est. 162 Martinique 1.79 2005 est. 163 Montserrat 1.78 2005 est. 164 Norway 1.78 2005 est. 165 Australia 1.76 2005 est. 166 Monaco 1.76 2005 est. 167 Puerto Rico 1.75 2005 est. 168 Seychelles 1.75 2005 est. 169 Tunisia 1.75 2005 est. 170 Trinidad and Tobago 1.75 2005 est. 171 Denmark 1.74 2005 est. 172 Anguilla 1.73 2005 est. 173 Finland 1.73 2005 est. 174 China 1.72 2005 est. 175 British Virgin Islands 1.72 2005 est. 176 Serbia and Montenegro 1.67 2005 est. 177 Cuba 1.66 2005 est. 178 Netherlands 1.66 2005 est. 179 United Kingdom 1.66 2005 est. 180 Sweden 1.66 2005 est. 181 Gibraltar 1.65 2005 est. 182 Man, Isle of 1.65 2005 est. 183 Barbados 1.64 2005 est. 184 Belgium 1.64 2005 est. 185 Thailand 1.63 2005 est. 186 Canada 1.61 2005 est. 187 Jersey 1.57 2005 est. 188 Taiwan 1.57 2005 est. 189 Macedonia 1.57 2005 est. 190 Saint Helena 1.54 2005 est. 191 Liechtenstein 1.51 2005 est. 192 Malta 1.50 2005 est. 193 European Union 1.47 July 2005 est. 194 Portugal 1.47 2005 est. 195 Switzerland 1.43 2005 est. 196 Georgia 1.41 2005 est. 197 Belarus 1.39 2005 est. 198 Germany 1.39 2005 est. 199 Croatia 1.39 2005 est. 200 Japan 1.39 2005 est. 201 Estonia 1.39 2005 est. 202 Bulgaria 1.38 2005 est. 203 Guernsey 1.38 2005 est. 204 Austria 1.36 2005 est. 205 Romania 1.36 2005 est. 206 Greece 1.33 2005 est. 207 San Marino 1.33 2005 est. 208 Armenia 1.32 2005 est. 209 Hungary 1.32 2005 est. 210 Slovakia 1.32 2005 est. 211 Andorra 1.29 2005 est. 212 Italy 1.28 2005 est. 213 Spain 1.28 2005 est. 214 Northern Mariana Islands 1.27 2005 est. 215 Russia 1.27 2005 est. 216 Korea, South 1.26 2005 est. 217 Latvia 1.26 2005 est. 218 Poland 1.24 2005 est. 219 Slovenia 1.24 2005 est. 220 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.21 2005 est. 221 Czech Republic 1.20 2005 est. 222 Lithuania 1.19 2005 est. 223 Ukraine 1.16 2005 est. 224 Singapore 1.05 2005 est. 225 Macau 1.00 2005 est. 226 Hong Kong 0.93 2005 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2129
Rank Country Unemployment rate(%) Date of Information
1 Andorra 0.00 1996 est. 2 Norfolk Island 0.00 3 Guernsey 0.50 1999 est. 4 Aruba 0.60 2003 est. 5 Man, Isle of 0.60 2004 est. 6 Uzbekistan 0.60 2004 est. 7 Jersey 0.90 2004 est. 8 Faroe Islands 1.00 October 2000 9 Azerbaijan 1.20 2004 est. 10 Liechtenstein 1.30 September 2002 11 Thailand 1.50 November 2004 est. 12 Vietnam 1.90 2004 est. 13 Belarus 2.00 2004 14 Gibraltar 2.00 2001 est. 15 Kiribati 2.00 1992 est. 16 Kuwait 2.20 2004 est. 17 Palau 2.30 2000 est. 18 United Arab Emirates 2.40 2001 19 Cambodia 2.50 2000 est. 20 Cuba 2.50 2004 est. 21 San Marino 2.60 2001 22 Qatar 2.70 2001 23 Malaysia 3.00 2004 est. 24 British Virgin Islands 3.00 1995 25 Iceland 3.10 2004 est. 26 Brunei 3.20 2002 est. 27 Mexico 3.20 2004 est. 28 Cyprus 3.20 2004 est. 29 Singapore 3.40 2004 est. 30 Switzerland 3.40 2004 est. 31 Ukraine 3.50 2004 est. 32 Korea, South 3.60 2004 est. 33 Cayman Islands 4.10 1997 34 New Zealand 4.20 2004 est. 35 Ireland 4.30 2004 est. 36 Norway 4.30 2004 est. 37 Austria 4.40 2004 est. 38 Luxembourg 4.50 December, 2004 est. 39 Saint Kitts and Nevis 4.50 1997 40 Taiwan 4.50 2004 est. 41 Japan 4.70 2004 est. 42 Macau 4.70 3rd Quarter, 2004 43 United Kingdom 4.80 2004 est. 44 Bermuda 5.00 2002 est. 45 Australia 5.10 December 2004 est. 46 Burma 5.20 2004 est. 47 Mali 5.30 2001 est. 48 United States 5.50 2004 est. 49 Cyprus 5.60 2004 est. 50 Sweden 5.60 2004 est. 51 Laos 5.70 1997 est. 52 Hungary 5.90 2004 est. 53 American Samoa 6.00 2000 54 Netherlands 6.00 2004 est. 55 Montserrat 6.00 1998 est. 56 Denmark 6.20 2004 est. 57 El Salvador 6.30 2004 est. 58 Romania 6.30 2004 est. 59 Slovenia 6.40 2004 est. 60 Portugal 6.50 2004 est. 61 Costa Rica 6.60 2004 est. 62 Hong Kong 6.70 2004 est. 63 Mongolia 6.70 2003 64 Canada 7.00 2004 65 Malta 7.00 2003 est. 66 Guatemala 7.50 2003 est. 67 Fiji 7.60 1999 68 Sri Lanka 7.80 2004 est. 69 Nicaragua 7.80 2003 est. 70 Anguilla 8.00 2002 71 Central African Republic 8.00 2001 est. 72 Kazakhstan 8.00 2004 est. 73 Moldova 8.00 2002 est. 74 Lithuania 8.00 2004 est. 75 Pakistan 8.30 2004 est. 76 Russia 8.30 2004 est. 77 Chile 8.50 2004 est. 78 Italy 8.60 2004 est. 79 Latvia 8.80 2004 est. 80 Finland 8.90 2004 est. 81 Bolivia 9.20 2003 est. 82 Indonesia 9.20 2004 est. 83 India 9.20 2004 est. 84 Turkey 9.30 2004 est. 85 Virgin Islands 9.30 2003 est. 86 European Union 9.50 2004 est. 87 Estonia 9.60 2004 est. 88 Peru 9.60 2004 est. 89 China 9.80 2004 est. 90 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 9.80 1997 91 Greenland 10.00 2000 est. 92 Greece 10.00 2004 est. 93 Turks and Caicos Islands 10.00 1997 est. 94 France 10.10 2004 est. 95 Bahamas, The 10.20 2004 est. 96 Spain 10.40 2004 est. 97 Trinidad and Tobago 10.40 2004 est. 98 Czech Republic 10.60 2004 est. 99 Germany 10.60 2004 est. 100 Barbados 10.70 2003 est. 101 Israel 10.70 2004 est. 102 Mauritius 10.80 2004 est. 103 Egypt 10.90 2004 est. 104 Antigua and Barbuda 11.00 2001 est. 105 Ecuador 11.10 2004 est. 106 Iran 11.20 2004 est. 107 Brazil 11.50 2004 est. 108 Philippines 11.70 2004 est. 109 French Polynesia 11.80 1994 110 Belgium 12.00 first half, 2004 111 Puerto Rico 12.00 2002 112 Morocco 12.10 2004 est. 113 Grenada 12.50 2000 114 Panama 12.60 2004 est. 115 Bulgaria 12.70 2004 est. 116 Belize 12.90 2003 117 Cook Islands 13.00 1996 118 Cote d'Ivoire 13.00 1998 119 Uruguay 13.00 2004 est. 120 Slovakia 13.10 31 December 2004 est. 121 Tonga 13.30 1996 est. 122 Colombia 13.60 2004 est. 123 Croatia 13.80 2004 est. 124 Tunisia 13.80 2004 est. 125 Saint Helena 14.00 1998 est. 126 Mali 14.60 2001 est. 127 Albania 14.80 2001 est. 128 Argentina 14.80 2004 est. 129 Bahrain 15.00 1998 est. 130 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15.00 2001 est. 131 Oman 15.00 2004 est. 132 Jordan 15.00 2004 est. 133 Jamaica 15.00 2004 est. 134 Guam 15.00 2000 est. 135 Paraguay 15.10 2004 est. 136 Netherlands Antilles 15.60 2002 est. 137 Micronesia, Federated States of 16.00 1999 est. 138 Dominican Republic 17.00 2004 est. 139 Georgia 17.00 2001 est. 140 Suriname 17.00 2000 141 Venezuela 17.10 2004 est. 142 Kyrgyzstan 18.00 2004 est. 143 Lebanon 18.00 1997 est. 144 Sudan 18.70 2002 est. 145 New Caledonia 19.00 1996 146 Poland 19.50 2004 est. 147 Comoros 20.00 1996 est. 148 Syria 20.00 2002 est. 149 Saint Lucia 20.00 2003 est. 150 Mauritania 20.00 2004 est. 151 Ghana 20.00 1997 est. 152 Cape Verde 21.00 2000 est. 153 Gabon 21.00 1997 est. 154 Mozambique 21.00 1997 est. 155 French Guiana 22.00 2001 156 Monaco 22.00 1999 157 Dominica 23.00 2000 est. 158 Botswana 23.80 2004 est. 159 Iraq 25.00 2004 est. 160 Saudi Arabia 25.00 2004 est. 161 Algeria 25.40 2004 est. 162 South Africa 26.20 2004 est. 163 Martinique 27.20 1998 164 West Bank 27.20 2004 est. 165 Guadeloupe 27.80 1998 166 Honduras 28.50 2004 est. 167 Armenia 30.00 2003 est. 168 Libya 30.00 2004 169 Cameroon 30.00 2001 est. 170 Serbia and Montenegro 30.00 2004 est. 171 World 30.00 172 Equatorial Guinea 30.00 1998 est. 173 Marshall Islands 30.90 1999 est. 174 Swaziland 34.00 2000 est. 175 Namibia 35.00 1998 176 Yemen 35.00 2003 est. 177 Reunion 36.00 1999 est. 178 Macedonia 37.70 3rd quarter, 2004 est. 179 Mayotte 38.00 1999 180 Bangladesh 40.00 2004 est. 181 Kenya 40.00 2001 est. 182 Tajikistan 40.00 2002 est. 183 Bosnia and Herzegovina 44.00 2004 est. 184 Lesotho 45.00 2002 185 Nepal 47.00 2001 est. 186 Senegal 48.00 2001 est. 187 Djibouti 50.00 2004 est. 188 East Timor 50.00 1992 est. 189 Zambia 50.00 2000 est. 190 Gaza Strip 50.00 2003 est. 191 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 60.00 2000 est. 192 Turkmenistan 60.00 2004 est. 193 Kiribati 70.00 1992 est. 194 Zimbabwe 70.00 2002 est. 195 Liberia 85.00 2003 est. 196 Nauru 90.00 2004 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2147
Rank Country Area(sq km) Date of Information
1 World 510,072,000 2 Pacific Ocean 155,557,000 3 Atlantic Ocean 76,762,000 4 Indian Ocean 68,556,000 5 Southern Ocean 20,327,000 6 Russia 17,075,200 7 Arctic Ocean 14,056,000 8 Antarctica 14,000,000 9 Canada 9,984,670 10 United States 9,631,418 11 China 9,596,960 12 Brazil 8,511,965 13 Australia 7,686,850 14 European Union 3,976,372 15 India 3,287,590 16 Argentina 2,766,890 17 Kazakhstan 2,717,300 18 Sudan 2,505,810 19 Algeria 2,381,740 20 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 2,345,410 21 Greenland 2,166,086 22 Mexico 1,972,550 23 Saudi Arabia 1,960,582 24 Indonesia 1,919,440 25 Libya 1,759,540 26 Iran 1,648,000 27 Mongolia 1,564,116 28 Peru 1,285,220 29 Chad 1,284,000 30 Niger 1,267,000 31 Angola 1,246,700 32 Mali 1,240,000 33 South Africa 1,219,912 34 Colombia 1,138,910 35 Ethiopia 1,127,127 36 Bolivia 1,098,580 37 Mauritania 1,030,700 38 Egypt 1,001,450 39 Tanzania 945,087 40 Nigeria 923,768 41 Venezuela 912,050 42 Namibia 825,418 43 Pakistan 803,940 44 Mozambique 801,590 45 Turkey 780,580 46 Chile 756,950 47 Zambia 752,614 48 Burma 678,500 49 Afghanistan 647,500 50 Somalia 637,657 51 Central African Republic 622,984 52 Ukraine 603,700 53 Botswana 600,370 54 Madagascar 587,040 55 Kenya 582,650 56 France 547,030 57 Yemen 527,970 58 Thailand 514,000 59 Spain 504,782 60 Turkmenistan 488,100 61 Cameroon 475,440 62 Papua New Guinea 462,840 63 Sweden 449,964 64 Uzbekistan 447,400 65 Morocco 446,550 66 Iraq 437,072 67 Paraguay 406,750 68 Zimbabwe 390,580 69 Japan 377,835 70 Germany 357,021 71 Congo, Republic of the 342,000 72 Finland 338,145 73 Malaysia 329,750 74 Vietnam 329,560 75 Norway 324,220 76 Cote d'Ivoire 322,460 77 Poland 312,685 78 Italy 301,230 79 Philippines 300,000 80 Ecuador 283,560 81 Burkina Faso 274,200 82 New Zealand 268,680 83 Gabon 267,667 84 Western Sahara 266,000 85 Guinea 245,857 86 United Kingdom 244,820 87 Ghana 239,460 88 Romania 237,500 89 Laos 236,800 90 Uganda 236,040 91 Guyana 214,970 92 Oman 212,460 93 Belarus 207,600 94 Kyrgyzstan 198,500 95 Senegal 196,190 96 Syria 185,180 97 Cambodia 181,040 98 Uruguay 176,220 99 Tunisia 163,610 100 Suriname 163,270 101 Bangladesh 144,000 102 Tajikistan 143,100 103 Nepal 140,800 104 Greece 131,940 105 Nicaragua 129,494 106 Eritrea 121,320 107 Korea, North 120,540 108 Malawi 118,480 109 Benin 112,620 110 Honduras 112,090 111 Liberia 111,370 112 Bulgaria 110,910 113 Cuba 110,860 114 Guatemala 108,890 115 Iceland 103,000 116 Serbia and Montenegro 102,350 117 Korea, South 98,480 118 Hungary 93,030 119 Portugal 92,391 120 Jordan 92,300 121 French Guiana 91,000 122 Azerbaijan 86,600 123 Austria 83,870 124 United Arab Emirates 82,880 125 Czech Republic 78,866 126 Panama 78,200 127 Sierra Leone 71,740 128 Ireland 70,280 129 Georgia 69,700 130 Sri Lanka 65,610 131 Lithuania 65,200 132 Latvia 64,589 133 Svalbard 62,049 134 Togo 56,785 135 Croatia 56,542 136 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51,129 137 Costa Rica 51,100 138 Slovakia 48,845 139 Dominican Republic 48,730 140 Bhutan 47,000 141 Estonia 45,226 142 Denmark 43,094 143 Netherlands 41,526 144 Switzerland 41,290 145 Guinea-Bissau 36,120 146 Taiwan 35,980 147 Moldova 33,843 148 Belgium 30,528 149 Lesotho 30,355 150 Armenia 29,800 151 Albania 28,748 152 Solomon Islands 28,450 153 Equatorial Guinea 28,051 154 Burundi 27,830 155 Haiti 27,750 156 Rwanda 26,338 157 Macedonia 25,333 158 Djibouti 23,000 159 Belize 22,966 160 El Salvador 21,040 161 Israel 20,770 162 Slovenia 20,273 163 New Caledonia 19,060 164 Fiji 18,270 165 Kuwait 17,820 166 Swaziland 17,363 167 East Timor 15,007 168 Bahamas, The 13,940 169 Vanuatu 12,200 170 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 12,173 171 Qatar 11,437 172 Gambia, The 11,300 173 Jamaica 10,991 174 Lebanon 10,400 175 Cyprus 9,250 176 Puerto Rico 9,104 177 French Southern and Antarctic Lands 7,829 178 West Bank 5,860 179 Brunei 5,770 180 Trinidad and Tobago 5,128 181 French Polynesia 4,167 182 Cape Verde 4,033 183 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 3,903 184 Samoa 2,944 185 Luxembourg 2,586 186 Reunion 2,517 187 Comoros 2,170 188 Mauritius 2,040 189 Guadeloupe 1,780 190 Faroe Islands 1,399 191 Martinique 1,100 192 Hong Kong 1,092 193 Sao Tome and Principe 1,001 194 Netherlands Antilles 960 195 Kiribati 811 196 Dominica 754 197 Tonga 748 198 Micronesia, Federated States of 702 199 Singapore 693 200 Bahrain 665 201 Saint Lucia 616 202 Man, Isle of 572 203 Guam 549 204 Northern Mariana Islands 477 205 Andorra 468 206 Palau 458 207 Seychelles 455 208 Antigua and Barbuda 443 209 Barbados 431 210 Turks and Caicos Islands 430 211 Heard Island and McDonald Islands 412 212 Saint Helena 410 213 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 389 214 Mayotte 374 215 Jan Mayen 373 216 Gaza Strip 360 217 Virgin Islands 352 218 Grenada 344 219 Malta 316 220 Maldives 300 221 Wallis and Futuna 274 222 Cayman Islands 262 223 Saint Kitts and Nevis 261 224 Niue 260 225 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 242 226 Cook Islands 240 227 American Samoa 199 228 Aruba 193 229 Marshall Islands 181 230 Liechtenstein 160 231 British Virgin Islands 153 232 Christmas Island 135 233 Dhekelia 131 234 Akrotiri 123 235 Jersey 116 236 Anguilla 102 237 Montserrat 102 238 Guernsey 78 239 San Marino 61 240 British Indian Ocean Territory 60 241 Bouvet Island 59 242 Bermuda 53 243 Pitcairn Islands 47 244 Norfolk Island 35 245 Europa Island 28 246 Tuvalu 26 247 Macau 25 248 Nauru 21 249 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 14 250 Palmyra Atoll 12 251 Tokelau 10 252 Gibraltar 7 253 Wake Island 7 254 Midway Islands 6 255 Clipperton Island 6 256 Navassa Island 5 257 Ashmore and Cartier Islands 5 258 Glorioso Islands 5 259 Spratly Islands 5 260 Jarvis Island 5 261 Juan de Nova Island 4 262 Coral Sea Islands 3 263 Johnston Atoll 3 264 Monaco 2 265 Howland Island 2 266 Baker Island 1 267 Kingman Reef 1 268 Tromelin Island 1 269 Holy See (Vatican City) 0 270 Bassas da India 0
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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Rank code: @2150
Rank Country Telephones - main lines in use Date of Information
1 World 843,923,500 2003 2 China 263,000,000 2003 3 European Union 238,763,162 2002 4 United States 181,599,900 2003 5 Japan 71,149,000 2002 6 Germany 54,350,000 2003 7 India 48,917,000 2003 8 Brazil 38,810,000 2002 9 Russia 35,500,000 2002 10 United Kingdom 34,898,000 2002 11 France 33,905,400 2003 12 Italy 26,596,000 2003 13 Korea, South 22,877,000 2003 14 Canada 19,950,900 2003 15 Turkey 18,916,700 2003 16 Spain 17,567,500 2003 17 Mexico 15,958,700 2003 18 Iran 14,571,100 2003 19 Taiwan 13,355,000 2003 20 Poland 12,300,000 2003 21 Ukraine 10,833,300 2002 22 Australia 10,815,000 2003 23 Netherlands 10,004,000 2002 24 Egypt 9,600,000 2005 25 Colombia 8,768,100 2003 26 Argentina 8,009,400 2002 27 Indonesia 7,750,000 2002 28 Thailand 6,617,400 2003 29 Sweden 6,579,200 2002 30 Switzerland 5,419,000 2002 31 Greece 5,205,100 2003 32 Belgium 5,120,400 2002 33 South Africa 4,844,000 2002 34 Malaysia 4,571,600 2003 35 Vietnam 4,402,000 2003 36 Romania 4,300,000 2003 37 Portugal 4,278,800 2003 38 Pakistan 3,982,800 2003 39 Austria 3,881,000 2003 40 Hong Kong 3,801,300 2003 41 Hungary 3,666,400 2002 42 Czech Republic 3,626,000 2003 43 Denmark 3,610,100 2003 44 Saudi Arabia 3,502,600 2003 45 Chile 3,467,000 2002 46 Norway 3,343,000 2002 47 Philippines 3,310,900 2002 48 Belarus 3,071,300 2003 49 Israel 3,006,000 2002 50 Bulgaria 2,868,200 2002 51 Venezuela 2,841,800 2002 52 Serbia and Montenegro 2,611,700 2003 53 Finland 2,548,000 2003 54 Algeria 2,199,600 2003 55 Syria 2,099,300 2002 56 Kazakhstan 2,081,900 2002 57 Ireland 1,955,000 2003 58 Singapore 1,896,100 2004 59 Peru 1,839,200 2003 60 Croatia 1,825,000 2002 61 New Zealand 1,765,000 2002 62 Uzbekistan 1,717,100 2003 63 Ecuador 1,549,000 2003 64 Puerto Rico 1,329,500 2002 65 Slovakia 1,294,700 2003 66 Morocco 1,219,200 2003 67 Tunisia 1,163,800 2003 68 United Arab Emirates 1,135,800 2003 69 Costa Rica 1,132,000 2002 70 Korea, North 1,100,000 2001 71 Uruguay 946,500 2002 72 Bosnia and Herzegovina 938,000 2003 73 Azerbaijan 923,800 2002 74 Dominican Republic 901,800 2003 75 Sudan 900,000 2003 76 Sri Lanka 881,400 2002 77 Nigeria 853,100 2003 78 Guatemala 846,000 2002 79 Lithuania 824,200 2003 80 Slovenia 812,300 2003 81 El Salvador 752,600 2003 82 Libya 750,000 2003 83 Bangladesh 740,000 2003 84 Moldova 706,900 2002 85 Lebanon 678,800 2002 86 Iraq 675,000 2003 87 Latvia 653,900 2003 88 Georgia 650,500 2003 89 Jordan 622,600 2003 90 Bolivia 600,100 2003 91 Cuba 574,400 2002 92 Armenia 562,600 2003 93 Macedonia 560,000 2002 94 Yemen 542,200 2002 95 Kuwait 486,900 2003 96 Estonia 475,000 2002 97 Jamaica 444,400 2002 98 Ethiopia 435,000 2003 99 Cyprus 427,400 100 Kyrgyzstan 394,800 2002 101 Panama 386,900 2002 102 Turkmenistan 374,000 2002 103 Nepal 371,800 2003 104 Burma 357,300 2003 105 Luxembourg 355,400 2002 106 Mauritius 348,200 2003 107 Kenya 328,400 2003 108 Cote d'Ivoire 328,000 2003 109 Trinidad and Tobago 325,100 2002 110 Honduras 322,500 2002 111 Ghana 302,300 2003 112 West Bank 301,600 2002 113 Zimbabwe 300,900 2003 114 Reunion 300,000 2001 115 Paraguay 273,200 2002 116 Albania 255,000 2003 117 Tajikistan 242,100 2003 118 Oman 233,900 2002 119 Senegal 228,800 2003 120 Guadeloupe 210,000 2001 121 Malta 208,300 2003 122 Iceland 190,700 2003 123 Bahrain 185,800 2003 124 Qatar 184,500 2003 125 Macau 174,600 2003 126 Martinique 172,000 2001 127 Nicaragua 171,600 2002 128 Tanzania 149,100 2003 129 Botswana 142,400 2002 130 Mongolia 142,300 2004 131 Barbados 134,000 2003 132 Bahamas, The 131,700 2003 133 Haiti 130,000 2002 134 Namibia 127,400 2003 135 Cameroon 110,900 2002 136 Fiji 102,000 2003 137 Somalia 100,000 2002 est. 138 Angola 96,300 2003 139 Gaza Strip 95,729 1997 140 Brunei 90,000 2002 141 Zambia 88,400 2003 142 Cyprus 86,228 143 Malawi 85,000 2003 144 Guam 84,134 2001 145 Mozambique 83,700 2002 146 Netherlands Antilles 81,000 2001 147 Guyana 80,400 2002 148 Suriname 79,800 2003 149 Jersey 73,900 2001 150 Cape Verde 71,700 2003 151 Virgin Islands 69,400 2002 152 Benin 66,500 2003 153 Burkina Faso 65,400 2003 154 Papua New Guinea 62,000 2002 155 Laos 61,900 2002 156 Uganda 61,000 2003 157 Togo 60,600 2003 158 Madagascar 59,600 2003 159 Mali 56,600 2002 160 Bermuda 56,000 2002 161 Guernsey 55,000 2001 162 French Polynesia 52,500 2002 163 New Caledonia 52,000 2002 164 Saint Lucia 51,100 2002 165 French Guiana 51,000 2001 166 Man, Isle of 51,000 1999 167 Swaziland 46,200 2003 168 Gambia, The 38,400 2002 169 Gabon 38,400 2003 170 Eritrea 38,100 2003 171 Antigua and Barbuda 38,000 2002 172 Cayman Islands 38,000 2002 173 Aruba 37,100 2002 174 Cambodia 35,400 2002 175 Andorra 35,000 2001 176 Monaco 33,700 2002 177 Grenada 33,500 2002 178 Belize 33,300 2003 179 Afghanistan 33,100 2002 180 Mauritania 31,500 2002 181 Maldives 28,700 2002 182 Lesotho 28,600 2002 183 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27,300 2002 184 Guinea 26,200 2003 185 Greenland 26,000 2001 186 Bhutan 25,200 2003 187 Gibraltar 24,512 2002 188 Sierra Leone 24,000 2002 189 Burundi 23,900 2003 190 Dominica 23,700 2002 191 Saint Kitts and Nevis 23,500 2002 192 Rwanda 23,200 2002 193 Faroe Islands 23,000 2002 194 Niger 22,400 2002 195 Seychelles 21,700 2002 196 Northern Mariana Islands 21,000 2000 197 San Marino 20,600 2002 198 Liechtenstein 19,900 2002 199 American Samoa 15,000 2001 200 Comoros 13,200 2003 201 Chad 11,800 2002 202 Samoa 11,800 2002 203 British Virgin Islands 11,700 2002 204 Tonga 11,200 2002 205 Guinea-Bissau 10,600 2003 206 Micronesia, Federated States of 10,100 2001 207 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 10,000 2002 208 Mayotte 10,000 2001 209 Equatorial Guinea 9,600 2003 210 Djibouti 9,500 2003 211 Central African Republic 9,000 2002 212 Congo, Republic of the 7,000 2003 213 Sao Tome and Principe 7,000 2003 214 Liberia 7,000 2001 215 Palau 6,700 2002 216 Solomon Islands 6,600 2002 217 Vanuatu 6,500 2003 218 Anguilla 6,200 2002 219 Cook Islands 6,200 2002 220 Turks and Caicos Islands 5,700 2002 221 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4,800 2002 222 Kiribati 4,500 2002 223 Marshall Islands 4,500 2003 224 Norfolk Island 2,532 2004 225 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 2,400 2002 226 Saint Helena 2,200 2002 227 Nauru 1,900 2002 228 Wallis and Futuna 1,900 2002 229 Niue 1,100 2002 230 Tuvalu 700 2002 231 Tokelau 300 2002 232 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 287 1992 233 Pitcairn Islands 1 2004 234 Antarctica 0 2001
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2151
Rank Country Telephones - mobile cellular Date of Information
1 European Union 314,644,700 2002 2 China 269,000,000 2003 3 United States 158,722,000 2003 4 Japan 86,658,600 2003 5 Germany 64,800,000 2003 6 Italy 55,918,000 2003 7 United Kingdom 49,677,000 2002 8 Brazil 46,373,300 2003 9 France 41,683,100 2003 10 Spain 37,506,700 2003 11 Korea, South 33,591,800 2003 12 Mexico 28,125,000 2003 13 Turkey 27,887,500 2003 14 Thailand 26,500,000 2005 15 India 26,154,400 2003 16 Taiwan 25,089,600 2003 17 Russia 17,608,800 2002 18 Poland 17,401,000 2003 19 South Africa 16,860,000 2003 20 Philippines 15,201,000 2002 21 Australia 14,347,000 2003 22 Canada 13,221,800 2003 23 Netherlands 12,500,000 2003 24 Indonesia 11,700,000 2002 25 Malaysia 11,124,100 2003 26 Czech Republic 9,708,700 2003 27 Portugal 9,341,400 2003 28 Greece 8,936,200 2003 29 Egypt 8,583,940 2005 30 Belgium 8,135,500 2002 31 Sweden 7,949,000 2002 32 Morocco 7,332,800 2003 33 Hong Kong 7,241,400 2003 34 Saudi Arabia 7,238,200 2003 35 Austria 7,094,500 2003 36 Romania 6,900,000 2003 37 Hungary 6,862,800 2002 38 Argentina 6,500,000 2002 39 Venezuela 6,463,600 2002 40 Chile 6,445,700 2002 41 Israel 6,334,000 2002 42 Colombia 6,186,200 2003 43 Switzerland 6,172,000 2003 44 Denmark 4,785,300 2003 45 Finland 4,700,000 2003 46 Ukraine 4,200,000 2002 47 Norway 4,163,400 2003 48 Slovakia 3,678,800 2003 49 Serbia and Montenegro 3,634,600 2003 50 Singapore 3,521,800 2004 51 Ireland 3,400,000 2003 52 Iran 3,376,500 2003 53 Nigeria 3,149,500 2003 54 United Arab Emirates 2,972,300 2003 55 Peru 2,908,800 2003 56 Vietnam 2,742,000 2003 57 Pakistan 2,624,800 2003 58 New Zealand 2,599,000 2003 59 Bulgaria 2,597,500 2002 60 Croatia 2,553,000 2003 61 Ecuador 2,394,400 2003 62 Lithuania 2,169,900 2003 63 Dominican Republic 2,120,400 2003 64 Tunisia 1,899,900 2003 65 Paraguay 1,770,300 2003 66 Slovenia 1,739,100 2003 67 Kenya 1,590,800 2003 68 Guatemala 1,577,100 2002 69 Algeria 1,447,310 2003 70 Kuwait 1,420,000 2003 71 Bolivia 1,401,500 2003 72 Jamaica 1,400,000 2002 73 Bangladesh 1,365,000 2003 74 Jordan 1,325,300 2003 75 Cote d'Ivoire 1,236,000 2003 76 Latvia 1,219,600 2003 77 Puerto Rico 1,211,111 2001 78 El Salvador 1,149,800 2003 79 Belarus 1,118,000 2003 80 Albania 1,100,000 2003 81 Cameroon 1,077,000 2003 82 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,050,000 2003 83 Kazakhstan 1,027,000 2002 84 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,000,000 2003 85 Sri Lanka 931,600 2002 86 Tanzania 891,200 2003 87 Estonia 881,000 2002 88 Azerbaijan 870,000 2002 89 Panama 834,000 2003 90 Macedonia 830,000 2005 91 Ghana 799,900 2003 92 Uganda 776,200 2003 93 Lebanon 775,100 2002 94 Uruguay 652,000 2002 95 Sudan 650,000 2003 96 Senegal 575,900 2003 97 Costa Rica 528,047 2002 98 Georgia 522,300 2003 99 Reunion 489,800 2002 100 West Bank 480,000 2003 101 Luxembourg 473,000 2002 102 Oman 464,900 2002 103 Mauritius 462,400 2003 104 Bahrain 443,100 2003 105 Botswana 435,000 2002 106 Mozambique 428,900 2003 107 Cyprus 417,900 108 Yemen 411,100 2002 109 Mongolia 404,400 2004 110 Syria 400,000 2002 111 Cambodia 380,000 2002 112 Zimbabwe 379,100 2003 113 Qatar 376,500 2003 114 Macau 364,000 2003 115 Trinidad and Tobago 361,900 2002 116 Moldova 338,200 2002 117 Congo, Republic of the 330,000 2003 118 Honduras 326,500 2002 119 Guadeloupe 323,500 2002 120 Uzbekistan 320,800 2003 121 Gaza Strip 320,000 2002 122 Martinique 319,900 2002 123 Gabon 300,000 2003 124 Mauritania 300,000 2003 125 Malta 290,000 2003 126 Madagascar 279,500 2003 127 Iceland 279,100 2003 128 Mali 250,000 2003 129 Zambia 241,000 2003 130 Benin 236,200 2003 131 Burkina Faso 227,000 2003 132 Namibia 223,700 2003 133 Togo 220,000 2003 134 Nicaragua 202,800 2002 135 Suriname 168,100 2003 136 Cyprus 143,178 137 Barbados 140,000 2003 138 Haiti 140,000 2002 139 French Guiana 138,200 2002 140 Brunei 137,000 2002 141 Malawi 135,100 2003 142 Rwanda 134,000 2003 143 Angola 130,000 2002 144 Bahamas, The 121,800 2002 145 Armenia 114,400 2003 146 Guinea 111,500 2003 147 Fiji 109,900 2003 148 Gambia, The 100,000 2002 149 Libya 100,000 2003 150 Ethiopia 97,800 2003 151 Lesotho 92,000 2002 152 French Polynesia 90,000 2002 153 Swaziland 88,000 2003 154 Guyana 87,300 2002 155 Netherlands Antilles 81,000 2001 156 New Caledonia 80,000 2002 157 Sierra Leone 67,000 2002 158 Burma 66,500 2003 159 Chad 65,000 2003 160 Burundi 64,000 2003 161 Jersey 61,400 2001 162 Belize 60,400 2003 163 Laos 55,200 2002 164 Seychelles 54,500 2003 165 Cape Verde 53,300 2003 166 Kyrgyzstan 53,100 2002 167 Aruba 53,000 2001 168 Turkmenistan 52,000 2004 169 Nepal 50,400 2003 170 Tajikistan 47,600 2003 171 Maldives 41,900 2002 172 Equatorial Guinea 41,500 2003 173 Virgin Islands 41,000 2002 174 Antigua and Barbuda 38,200 2002 175 Bermuda 37,873 2003 176 Somalia 35,000 2002 177 Guam 32,600 2001 178 Guernsey 31,500 2001 179 Faroe Islands 30,700 2002 180 Niger 24,000 2003 181 Andorra 23,500 2001 182 Djibouti 23,000 2003 183 Bhutan 22,000 2005 184 Mayotte 21,700 2002 185 Iraq 20,000 2002 186 Monaco 19,300 2002 187 Cuba 17,900 2002 188 Cayman Islands 17,000 2002 189 San Marino 16,800 2002 190 Greenland 16,747 2001 191 Afghanistan 15,000 2002 192 Papua New Guinea 15,000 2002 193 Saint Lucia 14,300 2002 194 Central African Republic 13,000 2003 195 Liechtenstein 11,400 2002 196 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10,000 2002 197 Gibraltar 9,797 2002 198 Dominica 9,400 2002 199 Tonga 9,000 2004 200 British Virgin Islands 8,000 2002 201 Vanuatu 7,800 2003 202 Grenada 7,600 2002 203 Saint Kitts and Nevis 5,000 2002 204 Sao Tome and Principe 4,800 2003 205 Northern Mariana Islands 3,000 2000 206 Samoa 2,700 2002 207 American Samoa 2,377 1999 208 Comoros 2,000 2003 209 Liberia 2,000 2001 210 Anguilla 1,800 2002 211 Micronesia, Federated States of 1,800 2002 212 Turks and Caicos Islands 1,700 1999 213 Cook Islands 1,500 2002 214 Nauru 1,500 2002 215 Guinea-Bissau 1,300 2003 216 Solomon Islands 1,000 2002 217 Palau 1,000 2002 218 Marshall Islands 600 2002 219 Kiribati 500 2002 220 Niue 400 2002 221 Montserrat 70 1994 222 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 2001 223 Western Sahara 0 1999 224 Wallis and Futuna 0 1994 225 Tuvalu 0 2004 226 Tokelau 0 2001 227 Saint Helena 0 1997 228 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 1994 229 Norfolk Island 0 2002
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2153
Rank Country Internet users Date of Information
1 World 604,111,719 2 European Union 206,032,067 September 2004 3 United States 159,000,000 2002 4 China 94,000,000 2004 5 Japan 57,200,000 2002 6 Germany 39,000,000 2003 7 Korea, South 29,220,000 2003 8 United Kingdom 25,000,000 2002 9 France 21,900,000 2003 10 Italy 18,500,000 2003 11 India 18,481,000 2003 12 Canada 16,110,000 2002 13 Brazil 14,300,000 2002 14 Taiwan 13,800,000 2005 15 Mexico 10,033,000 2002 16 Spain 9,789,000 2003 17 Australia 9,472,000 2002 18 Poland 8,970,000 2003 19 Malaysia 8,692,100 2003 20 Netherlands 8,500,000 2003 21 Indonesia 8,000,000 2002 22 Thailand 6,971,500 2003 23 Russia 6,000,000 2002 24 Turkey 5,500,000 2003 25 Sweden 5,125,000 2002 26 Iran 4,300,000 2003 27 Egypt 4,200,000 2005 28 Argentina 4,100,000 2002 29 Romania 4,000,000 2003 30 Ukraine 3,800,000 2003 31 Austria 3,730,000 2003 32 Portugal 3,600,000 2002 33 Chile 3,575,000 2002 34 Philippines 3,500,000 2002 35 Vietnam 3,500,000 2003 36 Belgium 3,400,000 2002 37 Hong Kong 3,212,800 2003 38 South Africa 3,100,000 2002 39 Peru 2,850,000 2003 40 Denmark 2,756,000 2002 41 Colombia 2,732,200 2003 42 Czech Republic 2,700,000 2003 43 Finland 2,650,000 2002 44 Switzerland 2,556,000 2002 45 Singapore 2,310,000 2002 46 Norway 2,288,000 2002 47 New Zealand 2,110,000 2003 48 Israel 2,000,000 2002 49 Greece 1,718,400 2003 50 Hungary 1,600,000 2002 51 Pakistan 1,500,000 2002 52 Saudi Arabia 1,500,000 2003 53 Belarus 1,391,900 2003 54 Slovakia 1,375,800 2003 55 Venezuela 1,274,400 2002 56 Ireland 1,260,000 2003 57 United Arab Emirates 1,110,200 2003 58 Croatia 1,014,000 2003 59 Latvia 936,000 2003 60 Serbia and Montenegro 847,000 2003 61 Costa Rica 800,000 2002 62 Morocco 800,000 2003 63 Nigeria 750,000 2003 64 Slovenia 750,000 2002 65 Lithuania 695,700 2003 66 Bulgaria 630,000 2002 67 Tunisia 630,000 2003 68 Jamaica 600,000 2002 69 Puerto Rico 600,000 2002 70 Ecuador 569,700 2003 71 Kuwait 567,000 2003 72 El Salvador 550,000 2003 73 Algeria 500,000 2002 74 Dominican Republic 500,000 2003 75 Zimbabwe 500,000 2002 76 Uzbekistan 492,000 2003 77 Jordan 457,000 2003 78 Estonia 444,000 2002 79 Guatemala 400,000 2002 80 Uruguay 400,000 2002 81 Lebanon 400,000 2002 82 Kenya 400,000 2002 83 Azerbaijan 300,000 2002 84 Sudan 300,000 2003 85 Bolivia 270,000 2002 86 Kazakhstan 250,000 2002 87 Tanzania 250,000 2003 88 Bangladesh 243,000 2003 89 Senegal 225,000 2003 90 Mongolia 220,000 2004 91 Syria 220,000 2002 92 Cyprus 210,000 2002 93 Togo 210,000 2003 94 Sri Lanka 200,000 2002 95 Bahrain 195,700 2003 96 Iceland 195,000 2003 97 Oman 180,000 2002 98 Ghana 170,000 2002 99 Honduras 168,600 2002 100 Luxembourg 165,000 2002 101 Libya 160,000 2003 102 Kyrgyzstan 152,000 2002 103 Georgia 150,500 2003 104 Armenia 150,000 2003 105 Reunion 150,000 2002 106 Moldova 150,000 2002 107 Mauritius 150,000 2003 108 West Bank 145,000 2003 109 Trinidad and Tobago 138,000 2002 110 Qatar 126,000 2003 111 Guyana 125,000 2002 112 Uganda 125,000 2003 113 Cuba 120,000 2004 114 Malta 120,000 2002 115 Panama 120,000 2002 116 Paraguay 120,000 2003 117 Macau 120,000 2003 118 Barbados 100,000 2003 119 Yemen 100,000 2002 120 Macedonia 100,000 2002 121 Bosnia and Herzegovina 100,000 2002 122 Cote d'Ivoire 90,000 2002 123 Nicaragua 90,000 2002 124 Somalia 89,000 2002 125 Bahamas, The 84,000 2003 126 Haiti 80,000 2002 127 Nepal 80,000 2002 128 Ethiopia 75,000 2003 129 Papua New Guinea 75,000 2002 130 Madagascar 70,500 2003 131 Benin 70,000 2003 132 Zambia 68,200 2003 133 Namibia 65,000 2003 134 Botswana 60,000 2002 135 Cameroon 60,000 136 New Caledonia 60,000 2003 137 Gaza Strip 60,000 138 Fiji 55,000 2003 139 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 50,000 2002 140 Mozambique 50,000 2002 141 Guam 50,000 2002 142 Burkina Faso 48,000 2003 143 Angola 41,000 2002 144 Guinea 40,000 2003 145 Martinique 40,000 2002 146 Malawi 36,000 2003 147 Brunei 35,000 2002 148 French Polynesia 35,000 2002 149 Gabon 35,000 2003 150 Bermuda 34,500 2003 151 Albania 30,000 2003 152 Belize 30,000 2002 153 Virgin Islands 30,000 2002 154 Cambodia 30,000 2002 155 Burma 28,000 2003 156 Swaziland 27,000 2003 157 Faroe Islands 25,000 2002 158 Iraq 25,000 2002 159 Mali 25,000 2002 160 Rwanda 25,000 2002 161 Gambia, The 25,000 2002 162 Andorra 24,500 2001 163 Aruba 24,000 2002 164 Lesotho 21,000 2002 165 Cape Verde 20,400 2003 166 Greenland 20,000 2002 167 Guadeloupe 20,000 2002 168 Liechtenstein 20,000 2002 169 Suriname 20,000 2002 170 Guinea-Bissau 19,000 2003 171 Monaco 16,000 2002 172 Bhutan 15,000 2003 173 Sao Tome and Principe 15,000 2003 174 Niger 15,000 2002 175 Maldives 15,000 2002 176 Laos 15,000 2002 177 Grenada 15,000 2002 178 Chad 15,000 2002 179 Congo, Republic of the 15,000 2003 180 San Marino 14,300 2002 181 Burundi 14,000 2003 182 Saint Lucia 13,000 2002 183 Dominica 12,500 2002 184 Seychelles 11,700 2002 185 Antigua and Barbuda 10,000 2002 186 Saint Kitts and Nevis 10,000 2002 187 Mauritania 10,000 2002 188 Cayman Islands 9,909 2003 189 Eritrea 9,500 2003 190 Sierra Leone 8,000 2002 191 Turkmenistan 8,000 2002 192 Vanuatu 7,500 2003 193 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7,000 2002 194 Djibouti 6,500 2003 195 Gibraltar 6,200 2002 196 Micronesia, Federated States of 6,000 2002 197 Comoros 5,000 2003 198 Central African Republic 5,000 2002 199 Tajikistan 4,100 2003 200 British Virgin Islands 4,000 2002 201 Samoa 4,000 2002 202 Cook Islands 3,600 2002 203 French Guiana 3,200 2002 204 Anguilla 3,000 2002 205 Tonga 2,900 2002 206 Solomon Islands 2,200 2002 207 Kiribati 2,000 2002 208 Netherlands Antilles 2,000 2000 209 Equatorial Guinea 1,800 2002 210 Marshall Islands 1,400 2003 211 Tuvalu 1,300 2002 212 Afghanistan 1,000 2002 213 Liberia 1,000 2002 214 Wallis and Futuna 900 2002 215 Norfolk Island 700 216 Saint Helena 500 2002 217 Nauru 300 2002
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2155
Rank Country HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate(%) Date of Information
1 Swaziland 38.80 2003 est. 2 Botswana 37.30 2003 est. 3 Lesotho 28.90 2003 est. 4 Zimbabwe 24.60 2001 est. 5 South Africa 21.50 2003 est. 6 Namibia 21.30 2003 est. 7 Zambia 16.50 2003 est. 8 Malawi 14.20 2003 est. 9 Central African Republic 13.50 2003 est. 10 Mozambique 12.20 2003 est. 11 Guinea-Bissau 10.00 2003 est. 12 Tanzania 8.80 2003 est. 13 Gabon 8.10 2003 est. 14 Cote d'Ivoire 7.00 2003 est. 15 Sierra Leone 7.00 2001 est. 16 Cameroon 6.90 2003 est. 17 Kenya 6.70 2003 est. 18 Burundi 6.00 2003 est. 19 Liberia 5.90 2003 est. 20 Haiti 5.60 2003 est. 21 Nigeria 5.40 2003 est. 22 Rwanda 5.10 2003 est. 23 Congo, Republic of the 4.90 2003 est. 24 Chad 4.80 2003 est. 25 Ethiopia 4.40 2003 est. 26 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 4.20 2003 est. 27 Burkina Faso 4.20 2003 est. 28 Togo 4.10 2003 est. 29 Uganda 4.10 2003 est. 30 Angola 3.90 2003 est. 31 Equatorial Guinea 3.40 2001 est. 32 Guinea 3.20 2003 est. 33 Trinidad and Tobago 3.20 2003 est. 34 Ghana 3.10 2003 est. 35 Bahamas, The 3.00 2003 est. 36 Djibouti 2.90 2003 est. 37 Eritrea 2.70 2003 est. 38 Cambodia 2.60 2003 est. 39 Guyana 2.50 2003 est. 40 Belize 2.40 2003 est. 41 Sudan 2.30 2001 est. 42 Benin 1.90 2003 est. 43 Mali 1.90 2003 est. 44 Honduras 1.80 2003 est. 45 Dominican Republic 1.70 2003 est. 46 Madagascar 1.70 2003 est. 47 Suriname 1.70 2001 est. 48 Barbados 1.50 2003 est. 49 Thailand 1.50 2003 est. 50 Ukraine 1.40 2003 est. 51 Burma 1.20 2003 est. 52 Gambia, The 1.20 2003 est. 53 Niger 1.20 2003 est. 54 Jamaica 1.20 2003 est. 55 Estonia 1.10 2001 est. 56 Guatemala 1.10 2003 est. 57 Russia 1.10 2001 est. 58 Somalia 1.00 2001 est. 59 India 0.90 2001 est. 60 Panama 0.90 2003 est. 61 Senegal 0.80 2003 est. 62 Argentina 0.70 2001 est. 63 Venezuela 0.70 2001 est. 64 Spain 0.70 2001 est. 65 El Salvador 0.70 2003 est. 66 Colombia 0.70 2003 est. 67 Brazil 0.70 2003 est. 68 Costa Rica 0.60 2003 est. 69 United States 0.60 2003 est. 70 Papua New Guinea 0.60 2003 est. 71 Mauritania 0.60 2003 est. 72 Latvia 0.60 2001 est. 73 Italy 0.50 2001 est. 74 Paraguay 0.50 2003 est. 75 Peru 0.50 2003 est. 76 Nepal 0.50 2001 est. 77 France 0.40 2003 est. 78 Switzerland 0.40 2001 est. 79 Vietnam 0.40 2003 est. 80 Portugal 0.40 2001 est. 81 Malaysia 0.40 2003 est. 82 Austria 0.30 2003 est. 83 Uruguay 0.30 2001 est. 84 Chile 0.30 2003 est. 85 Mexico 0.30 2003 est. 86 Libya 0.30 2001 est. 87 Canada 0.30 2003 est. 88 Ecuador 0.30 2003 est. 89 Belarus 0.30 2001 est. 90 Bahrain 0.20 2001 est. 91 Belgium 0.20 2003 est. 92 Serbia and Montenegro 0.20 2001 est. 93 United Kingdom 0.20 2001 est. 94 Singapore 0.20 2003 est. 95 Nicaragua 0.20 2003 est. 96 Netherlands 0.20 2001 est. 97 Malta 0.20 2001 est. 98 Moldova 0.20 2001 est. 99 Luxembourg 0.20 2001 est. 100 Kazakhstan 0.20 2001 est. 101 Iceland 0.20 2001 est. 102 Greece 0.20 2001 est. 103 Denmark 0.20 2003 est. 104 United Arab Emirates 0.18 2001 est. 105 Comoros 0.12 2001 est. 106 Kuwait 0.12 2001 est. 107 Algeria 0.10 2001 est. 108 Australia 0.10 2003 est. 109 Azerbaijan 0.10 2003 est. 110 Bolivia 0.10 2003 est. 111 Bulgaria 0.10 2001 est. 112 Sri Lanka 0.10 2001 est. 113 Maldives 0.10 2001 est. 114 Oman 0.10 2001 est. 115 Mauritius 0.10 2001 est. 116 Morocco 0.10 2001 est. 117 Macedonia 0.10 2001 est. 118 Georgia 0.10 2001 est. 119 Fiji 0.10 2003 est. 120 Finland 0.10 2003 est. 121 Czech Republic 0.10 2001 est. 122 Ireland 0.10 2001 est. 123 Egypt 0.10 2001 est. 124 Cyprus 0.10 2003 est. 125 Cuba 0.10 2003 est. 126 China 0.10 2003 est. 127 Tajikistan 0.10 2001 est. 128 Syria 0.10 2001 est. 129 Sweden 0.10 2001 est. 130 Slovenia 0.10 2001 est. 131 Philippines 0.10 2003 est. 132 Romania 0.10 2001 est. 133 Poland 0.10 2001 est. 134 Pakistan 0.10 2001 est. 135 Mongolia 0.10 2003 est. 136 Yemen 0.10 2001 est. 137 Uzbekistan 0.10 2001 est. 138 Turkmenistan 0.10 2004 est. 139 Turkey 0.10 2001 est. 140 Tunisia 0.10 2005 est. 141 Slovakia 0.10 2001 est. 142 Lithuania 0.10 2001 est. 143 Lebanon 0.10 2001 est. 144 Laos 0.10 2003 est. 145 Korea, South 0.10 2003 est. 146 Kyrgyzstan 0.10 2001 est. 147 Jordan 0.10 2001 est. 148 Japan 0.10 2003 est. 149 New Zealand 0.10 2003 est. 150 Norway 0.10 2001 est. 151 Iraq 0.10 2001 est. 152 Israel 0.10 2001 est. 153 Iran 0.10 2001 est. 154 Indonesia 0.10 2003 est. 155 Hungary 0.10 2001 est. 156 Croatia 0.10 2001 est. 157 Hong Kong 0.10 2003 est. 158 Germany 0.10 2001 est. 159 Brunei 0.10 2003 est. 160 Bhutan 0.10 2001 est. 161 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.10 2001 est. 162 Bangladesh 0.10 2001 est. 163 Armenia 0.10 2003 est. 164 Qatar 0.09 2001 est. 165 Cape Verde 0.04 166 Afghanistan 0.01 2001 est. 167 Saudi Arabia 0.01 2001 est. 168 Svalbard 0.00 2001
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2156
Rank Country HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS Date of Information
1 South Africa 5,300,000 2003 est. 2 India 5,100,000 2001 est. 3 Nigeria 3,600,000 2003 est. 4 Zimbabwe 1,800,000 2001 est. 5 Tanzania 1,600,000 2003 est. 6 Ethiopia 1,500,000 2003 est. 7 Mozambique 1,300,000 2003 est. 8 Kenya 1,200,000 2003 est. 9 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,100,000 2003 est. 10 United States 950,000 2003 est. 11 Zambia 920,000 2003 est. 12 Malawi 900,000 2003 est. 13 Russia 860,000 2001 est. 14 China 840,000 2003 est. 15 Brazil 660,000 2003 est. 16 Cote d'Ivoire 570,000 2003 est. 17 Thailand 570,000 2003 est. 18 Cameroon 560,000 2003 est. 19 Uganda 530,000 2001 est. 20 Sudan 400,000 2001 est. 21 Ukraine 360,000 2001 est. 22 Botswana 350,000 2003 est. 23 Ghana 350,000 2003 est. 24 Burma 330,000 2003 est. 25 Lesotho 320,000 2003 est. 26 Burkina Faso 300,000 2003 est. 27 Haiti 280,000 2003 est. 28 Central African Republic 260,000 2003 est. 29 Burundi 250,000 2003 est. 30 Rwanda 250,000 2003 est. 31 Angola 240,000 2003 est. 32 Vietnam 220,000 2003 est. 33 Swaziland 220,000 2003 est. 34 Namibia 210,000 2001 est. 35 Chad 200,000 2003 est. 36 Colombia 190,000 2003 est. 37 Cambodia 170,000 2003 est. 38 Sierra Leone 170,000 2001 est. 39 Mexico 160,000 2003 est. 40 Guinea 140,000 2003 est. 41 Madagascar 140,000 2003 est. 42 Italy 140,000 2001 est. 43 Mali 140,000 2003 est. 44 Spain 140,000 2001 est. 45 Argentina 130,000 2001 est. 46 France 120,000 2003 est. 47 Indonesia 110,000 2003 est. 48 Togo 110,000 2003 est. 49 Venezuela 110,000 1999 est. 50 Liberia 100,000 2003 est. 51 Congo, Republic of the 90,000 2003 est. 52 Dominican Republic 88,000 2003 est. 53 Peru 82,000 2003 est. 54 Guatemala 78,000 2003 est. 55 Pakistan 74,000 2001 est. 56 Niger 70,000 2003 est. 57 Benin 68,000 2003 est. 58 Honduras 63,000 2003 est. 59 Nepal 61,000 2001 est. 60 Eritrea 60,000 2003 est. 61 Canada 56,000 2003 est. 62 Malaysia 52,000 2003 est. 63 United Kingdom 51,000 2001 est. 64 Gabon 48,000 2003 est. 65 Senegal 44,000 2003 est. 66 Germany 43,000 2001 est. 67 Somalia 43,000 2001 est. 68 Iran 31,000 2001 est. 69 El Salvador 29,000 2003 est. 70 Trinidad and Tobago 29,000 2003 est. 71 Chile 26,000 2003 est. 72 Jamaica 22,000 2003 est. 73 Portugal 22,000 2001 est. 74 Ecuador 21,000 2003 est. 75 Netherlands 19,000 2001 est. 76 Guinea-Bissau 17,000 2001 est. 77 Kazakhstan 16,500 2001 est. 78 Panama 16,000 2003 est. 79 Papua New Guinea 16,000 2003 est. 80 Belarus 15,000 2001 est. 81 Morocco 15,000 2001 est. 82 Paraguay 15,000 1999 est. 83 Australia 14,000 2003 est. 84 Poland 14,000 2003 est. 85 Bangladesh 13,000 2001 est. 86 Switzerland 13,000 2001 est. 87 Costa Rica 12,000 2003 est. 88 Yemen 12,000 2001 est. 89 Japan 12,000 2003 est. 90 Egypt 12,000 2001 est. 91 Guyana 11,000 2003 est. 92 Uzbekistan 11,000 2003 est. 93 Austria 10,000 2003 est. 94 Belgium 10,000 2003 est. 95 Libya 10,000 2001 est. 96 Serbia and Montenegro 10,000 2001 est. 97 Mauritania 9,500 2003 est. 98 Algeria 9,100 2003 est. 99 Greece 9,100 2001 est. 100 Djibouti 9,100 2003 est. 101 Philippines 9,000 2003 est. 102 Korea, South 8,300 2003 est. 103 Estonia 7,800 2003 est. 104 Latvia 7,600 2001 est. 105 Puerto Rico 7,397 106 Gambia, The 6,800 2003 est. 107 Romania 6,500 2001 est. 108 Nicaragua 6,400 2003 est. 109 Uruguay 6,000 2001 est. 110 Equatorial Guinea 5,900 2001 est. 111 Bahamas, The 5,600 2003 est. 112 Moldova 5,500 2001 est. 113 Suriname 5,200 2001 est. 114 Denmark 5,000 2003 est. 115 Bolivia 4,900 2003 est. 116 Singapore 4,100 2003 est. 117 Kyrgyzstan 3,900 2003 est. 118 Belize 3,600 2003 est. 119 Sweden 3,600 2001 est. 120 Sri Lanka 3,500 2001 est. 121 Cuba 3,300 2003 est. 122 Georgia 3,000 2003 est. 123 Israel 3,000 1999 est. 124 Ireland 2,800 2001 est. 125 Hungary 2,800 2001 est. 126 Lebanon 2,800 2003 est. 127 Armenia 2,600 2003 est. 128 Hong Kong 2,600 2003 est. 129 Barbados 2,500 2003 est. 130 Czech Republic 2,500 2001 est. 131 Norway 2,100 2001 est. 132 Laos 1,700 2003 est. 133 Finland 1,500 2003 est. 134 Azerbaijan 1,400 2003 est. 135 New Zealand 1,400 2003 est. 136 Lithuania 1,300 2003 est. 137 Oman 1,300 2001 est. 138 Cyprus 1,000 1999 est. 139 Tunisia 1,000 2003 est. 140 Bosnia and Herzegovina 900 2003 est. 141 Cape Verde 775 142 Mauritius 700 2001 est. 143 Bahrain 600 2003 est. 144 Fiji 600 2003 est. 145 Jordan 600 2003 est. 146 Iraq 500 2003 est. 147 Syria 500 2003 est. 148 Malta 500 2003 est. 149 Mongolia 500 2003 est 150 Luxembourg 500 2003 est. 151 Bulgaria 346 2001 est. 152 Slovenia 280 2001 est. 153 Iceland 220 2001 est. 154 Brunei 200 2003 est. 155 Turkmenistan 200 2003 est. 156 Tajikistan 200 2003 est. 157 Macedonia 200 2003 est. 158 Slovakia 200 2003 est. 159 Croatia 200 2001 est. 160 Bhutan 100 1999 est. 161 Greenland 100 162 Maldives 100 2001 est. 163 Samoa 12 164 Svalbard 0 2001
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2157
Rank Country HIV/AIDS - deaths Date of Information
1 South Africa 370,000 2003 est. 2 India 310,000 2001 est. 3 Nigeria 310,000 2003 est. 4 Zimbabwe 170,000 2003 est. 5 Tanzania 160,000 2003 est. 6 Kenya 150,000 2003 est. 7 Ethiopia 120,000 2003 est. 8 Mozambique 110,000 2003 est. 9 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 100,000 2003 est. 10 Zambia 89,000 2003 est. 11 Malawi 84,000 2003 est. 12 Uganda 78,000 2003 est. 13 Thailand 58,000 2003 est. 14 Cameroon 49,000 2003 est. 15 Cote d'Ivoire 47,000 2003 est. 16 China 44,000 2003 est. 17 Botswana 33,000 2003 est. 18 Ghana 30,000 2003 est. 19 Lesotho 29,000 2003 est. 20 Burkina Faso 29,000 2003 est. 21 Burundi 25,000 2003 est. 22 Haiti 24,000 2003 est. 23 Central African Republic 23,000 2003 est. 24 Sudan 23,000 2003 est. 25 Rwanda 22,000 2003 est. 26 Angola 21,000 2003 est. 27 Burma 20,000 2003 est. 28 Ukraine 20,000 2003 est. 29 Chad 18,000 2003 est. 30 Swaziland 17,000 2003 est. 31 Namibia 16,000 2003 est. 32 Brazil 15,000 2003 est. 33 Cambodia 15,000 2003 est. 34 United States 14,000 2003 est. 35 Mali 12,000 2003 est. 36 Sierra Leone 11,000 2001 est. 37 Togo 10,000 2003 est. 38 Congo, Republic of the 9,700 2003 est. 39 Guinea 9,000 2003 est. 40 Russia 9,000 2001 est. 41 Vietnam 9,000 2003 est. 42 Dominican Republic 7,900 2003 est. 43 Madagascar 7,500 2003 est. 44 Liberia 7,200 2003 est. 45 Eritrea 6,300 2003 est. 46 Benin 5,800 2003 est. 47 Guatemala 5,800 2003 est. 48 Mexico 5,000 2003 est. 49 Pakistan 4,900 2003 est. 50 Niger 4,800 2003 est. 51 Peru 4,200 2003 est. 52 Honduras 4,100 2003 est. 53 Venezuela 4,100 2003 est. 54 Colombia 3,600 2003 est. 55 Senegal 3,500 2003 est. 56 Nepal 3,100 2003 est. 57 Gabon 3,000 2003 est. 58 Indonesia 2,400 2003 est. 59 El Salvador 2,200 2003 est. 60 Malaysia 2,000 2003 est. 61 Trinidad and Tobago 1,900 2003 est. 62 Ecuador 1,700 2003 est. 63 Argentina 1,500 2003 est. 64 Canada 1,500 2003 est. 65 Chile 1,400 2003 est. 66 Guinea-Bissau 1,200 2001 est. 67 Guyana 1,100 2003 est. 68 Belarus 1,000 2001 est. 69 France 1,000 2003 est. 70 Italy 1,000 2003 est. 71 Spain 1,000 2003 est. 72 Portugal 1,000 2003 est. 73 Germany 1,000 2003 est. 74 Costa Rica 900 2003 est. 75 Jamaica 900 2003 est. 76 Iran 800 2003 est. 77 Egypt 700 2003 est. 78 Djibouti 690 2003 est. 79 Bangladesh 650 2001 est. 80 Gambia, The 600 2003 est. 81 Papua New Guinea 600 2003 est. 82 Paraguay 600 2003 est. 83 Algeria 500 2003 est. 84 Latvia 500 2003 est. 85 Philippines 500 2003 est. 86 Uzbekistan 500 2003 est. 87 Uruguay 500 2003 est. 88 United Kingdom 500 2003 est. 89 Suriname 500 2003 est. 90 Jordan 500 2003 est. 91 Japan 500 2003 est. 92 Equatorial Guinea 370 2001 est. 93 Romania 350 2001 est. 94 Moldova 300 2001 est. 95 Cape Verde 225 96 Armenia 200 2003 est. 97 Lithuania 200 2003 est. 98 Lebanon 200 2003 est. 99 Laos 200 2003 est. 100 Kazakhstan 200 2003 est. 101 Korea, South 200 2003 est. 102 Kyrgyzstan 200 2003 est. 103 Hong Kong 200 2003 est. 104 Georgia 200 2003 est. 105 Fiji 200 2003 est. 106 Tunisia 200 2003 est. 107 Syria 200 2003 est. 108 Singapore 200 2003 est. 109 New Zealand 200 2003 est. 110 Oman 200 2003 est. 111 Mongolia 200 2003 est. 112 Estonia 200 2003 est. 113 Cuba 200 2003 est. 114 Sri Lanka 200 2003 est. 115 Brunei 200 2003 est. 116 Barbados 200 2003 est. 117 Bahamas, The 200 2003 est. 118 Bahrain 200 2003 est. 119 Azerbaijan 100 2001 est. 120 Serbia and Montenegro 100 2003 est. 121 Turkmenistan 100 2004 est. 122 Switzerland 100 2003 est. 123 Sweden 100 2003 est. 124 Slovenia 100 2003 est. 125 Poland 100 2001 est. 126 Norway 100 2003 est. 127 Netherlands 100 2003 est. 128 Malta 100 2003 est. 129 Mauritius 100 2001 est. 130 Macedonia 100 2003 est. 131 Tajikistan 100 2001 est. 132 Luxembourg 100 2003 est. 133 Slovakia 100 2001 est. 134 Israel 100 2001 est. 135 Iceland 100 2003 est. 136 Hungary 100 2001 est. 137 Greece 100 2003 est. 138 Finland 100 2003 est. 139 Bulgaria 100 2001 est. 140 Bosnia and Herzegovina 100 2001 est. 141 Denmark 100 2003 est. 142 Ireland 100 2003 est. 143 Belgium 100 2003 est. 144 Austria 100 2003 est. 145 Czech Republic 10 2001 est. 146 Croatia 10 2001 est. 147 Samoa 3 148 Svalbard 0 2001
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2173
Rank Country Oil - production(bbl/day) Date of Information
1 World 76,010,000 2001 est. 2 Saudi Arabia 9,021,000 2004 est. 3 Russia 8,420,000 2003 est. 4 United States 7,800,000 2004 est. 5 Iran 3,962,000 2004 est. 6 Mexico 3,460,000 2004 est. 7 China 3,392,000 2003 est. 8 Norway 3,310,000 2004 est. 9 Canada 3,110,000 2004 est. 10 European Union 2,648,000 2001 11 Venezuela 2,600,000 2004 est. 12 Nigeria 2,356,000 2004 est. 13 United Arab Emirates 2,335,000 2004 est. 14 Kuwait 2,319,000 2004 est. 15 Iraq 2,250,000 2004 est. 16 United Kingdom 1,957,000 2003 est. 17 Brazil 1,788,000 2004 est. 18 Libya 1,518,000 2004 est. 19 Algeria 1,200,000 2004 est. 20 Kazakhstan 1,200,000 2004 est. 21 Angola 980,000 2004 est. 22 Indonesia 971,000 2003 est. 23 Qatar 790,000 2004 est. 24 Malaysia 785,000 2004 est. 25 India 780,000 2004 est. 26 Oman 775,000 2004 est. 27 Argentina 755,000 2004 est. 28 Egypt 740,000 2004 est. 29 Australia 537,500 2004 est. 30 Colombia 531,100 2004 est. 31 Syria 525,000 2004 est. 32 Ecuador 523,000 2004 est. 33 Yemen 417,500 2004 est. 34 Vietnam 359,400 2004 est. 35 Equatorial Guinea 350,000 2004 est. 36 Denmark 346,200 2001 est. 37 Sudan 345,000 2004 est. 38 Azerbaijan 312,800 2004 est. 39 Gabon 264,900 2004 est. 40 Congo, Republic of the 227,000 2004 est. 41 Thailand 225,000 2004 est. 42 Brunei 204,000 2003 est. 43 Chad 200,000 2004 est. 44 South Africa 196,200 2001 est. 45 Turkmenistan 162,500 2001 est. 46 Uzbekistan 143,300 2004 est. 47 Trinidad and Tobago 140,000 2004 est. 48 Romania 128,000 2004 est. 49 Peru 95,500 2004 est. 50 Cameroon 94,000 2004 est. 51 Italy 79,460 2001 est. 52 Cuba 77,900 2004 est. 53 Germany 74,100 2003 54 Tunisia 72,580 2001 est. 55 Ukraine 72,000 2003 est. 56 Pakistan 61,000 2004 est. 57 Turkey 48,000 2001 est. 58 Netherlands 46,200 2001 est. 59 Papua New Guinea 46,200 2004 est. 60 Bahrain 44,000 2003 61 New Zealand 42,160 2001 est. 62 Hungary 41,190 2001 est. 63 Bolivia 39,000 2004 est. 64 Belarus 36,000 2004 est. 65 France 34,920 2001 est. 66 Cote d'Ivoire 29,300 2004 est. 67 Philippines 26,000 2003 est. 68 Guatemala 25,000 2004 est. 69 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 24,000 2001 est. 70 Croatia 21,000 2004 est. 71 Austria 20,670 2001 est. 72 Chile 18,500 2003 est. 73 Burma 17,550 2003 est. 74 Japan 17,330 2001 est. 75 Poland 17,180 2001 est. 76 Serbia and Montenegro 15,000 2001 est. 77 Suriname 12,000 2004 est. 78 Czech Republic 7,419 2001 est. 79 Spain 7,099 2001 est. 80 Ghana 7,000 2001 est. 81 Greece 5,992 2001 est. 82 Estonia 5,100 2001 est. 83 Lithuania 4,594 2001 est. 84 Bangladesh 3,581 2001 est. 85 Albania 2,000 2004 est. 86 Kyrgyzstan 2,000 2001 est. 87 Georgia 2,000 2001 est. 88 Barbados 1,271 2001 est. 89 Slovakia 1,000 2001 est. 90 Morocco 1,000 2004 est. 91 Benin 700 2001 est. 92 Bulgaria 603 2001 est. 93 Mongolia 542 2004 est. 94 Taiwan 500 2004 est. 95 Cyprus 300 2004 est. 96 Tajikistan 250 2001 est. 97 Israel 80 2001 est. 98 Jordan 40 2004 est. 99 Slovenia 20 2001 est. 100 Aruba 0 2001 est. 101 Afghanistan 0 2001 est. 102 Botswana 0 2001 est. 103 Belgium 0 2001 est. 104 Belize 0 2001 est. 105 Bhutan 0 2001 est. 106 Zimbabwe 0 2001 est. 107 Zambia 0 2001 est. 108 Swaziland 0 2001 est. 109 Samoa 0 2001 est. 110 Western Sahara 0 2001 est. 111 Namibia 0 2001 est. 112 Virgin Islands 0 2001 est. 113 British Virgin Islands 0 2001 est. 114 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 2001 est. 115 Uruguay 0 2001 est. 116 Burkina Faso 0 2001 est. 117 Uganda 0 2001 est. 118 Tanzania 0 2001 est. 119 Sao Tome and Principe 0 2001 est. 120 Togo 0 2001 est. 121 Tonga 0 2001 est. 122 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 123 Switzerland 0 2001 est. 124 Sweden 0 2001 est. 125 Saint Lucia 0 2001 est. 126 Somalia 0 2001 est. 127 Singapore 0 2001 est. 128 Sierra Leone 0 2001 est. 129 Saint Helena 0 2001 est. 130 Senegal 0 2001 est. 131 Seychelles 0 2001 est. 132 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 2001 est. 133 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 2001 est. 134 Rwanda 0 2001 est. 135 Puerto Rico 0 2001 est. 136 Reunion 0 2001 est. 137 Guinea-Bissau 0 2001 est. 138 Portugal 0 2001 est. 139 Panama 0 2004 est. 140 Netherlands Antilles 0 2001 est. 141 Nauru 0 2001 est. 142 Nepal 0 2001 est. 143 Vanuatu 0 2001 est. 144 Niger 0 2001 est. 145 Niue 0 2001 est. 146 New Caledonia 0 2001 est. 147 Mozambique 0 2001 est. 148 Lebanon 0 2001 est. 149 Paraguay 0 2001 est. 150 Nicaragua 0 2003 est. 151 Laos 0 2001 est. 152 Korea, South 0 2004 est. 153 Kiribati 0 2001 est. 154 Korea, North 0 2001 est. 155 Kenya 0 2004 est. 156 Jamaica 0 2001 est. 157 Iceland 0 2001 est. 158 Honduras 0 2001 est. 159 Maldives 0 2001 est. 160 Malta 0 2004 est. 161 Mauritania 0 2001 est. 162 Mauritius 0 2001 est. 163 Mali 0 2001 est. 164 Macedonia 0 2003 est. 165 Malawi 0 2001 est. 166 Montserrat 0 2001 est. 167 Moldova 0 2001 est. 168 Macau 0 2001 est. 169 Martinique 0 2001 est. 170 Madagascar 0 2001 est. 171 Luxembourg 0 2001 est. 172 Lesotho 0 2001 est. 173 Liberia 0 2001 est. 174 Latvia 0 2001 est. 175 Hong Kong 0 2003 est. 176 Haiti 0 2001 est. 177 Guyana 0 2001 est. 178 Guinea 0 2001 est. 179 Guam 0 2001 est. 180 Guadeloupe 0 2001 est. 181 Greenland 0 2001 est. 182 Grenada 0 2001 est. 183 Gibraltar 0 2001 est. 184 Gambia, The 0 2001 est. 185 French Polynesia 0 2001 est. 186 Faroe Islands 0 2001 est. 187 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 2001 est. 188 Fiji 0 2001 est. 189 Finland 0 2001 est. 190 French Guiana 0 2001 est. 191 Ethiopia 0 2001 est. 192 El Salvador 0 2001 est. 193 Eritrea 0 2001 est. 194 Ireland 0 2001 est. 195 Dominican Republic 0 2001 est. 196 Dominica 0 2001 est. 197 Djibouti 0 2001 est. 198 Cook Islands 0 2001 est. 199 Cape Verde 0 2001 est. 200 Central African Republic 0 2001 est. 201 Costa Rica 0 2001 est. 202 Comoros 0 2001 est. 203 Cayman Islands 0 2001 est. 204 Sri Lanka 0 2001 est. 205 Cambodia 0 2001 est. 206 Burundi 0 2001 est. 207 Solomon Islands 0 2001 est. 208 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 2001 est. 209 Bahamas, The 0 2001 est. 210 Bermuda 0 2001 est. 211 Armenia 0 2001 est. 212 American Samoa 0 2001 est. 213 Antigua and Barbuda 0 2001 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2174
Rank Country Oil - consumption(bbl/day) Date of Information
1 World 77,040,000 2001 est. 2 United States 19,650,000 2001 est. 3 European Union 14,540,000 2001 4 Japan 5,290,000 2001 est. 5 China 4,956,000 2002 est. 6 Germany 2,891,000 2003 7 Russia 2,310,000 2003 est. 8 Canada 2,200,000 2003 est. 9 Brazil 2,199,000 2001 est. 10 India 2,130,000 2001 est. 11 Korea, South 2,070,000 2004 est. 12 France 2,026,000 2001 est. 13 Italy 1,866,000 2001 est. 14 Mexico 1,752,000 2004 est. 15 United Kingdom 1,692,000 2003 est. 16 Saudi Arabia 1,550,000 2003 17 Spain 1,497,000 2001 est. 18 Iran 1,400,000 2002 est. 19 Indonesia 1,183,000 2003 est. 20 Taiwan 988,000 2001 est. 21 Netherlands 895,300 2001 est. 22 Australia 796,500 2001 est. 23 Thailand 785,000 2001 est. 24 Singapore 700,000 2001 est. 25 Turkey 619,500 2001 est. 26 Belgium 595,100 2001 est. 27 Egypt 562,000 2001 est. 28 Venezuela 500,000 2004 est. 29 Argentina 486,000 2001 est. 30 Malaysia 460,000 2003 est. 31 South Africa 460,000 2001 est. 32 Poland 424,100 2001 est. 33 Greece 405,700 2001 est. 34 Iraq 383,000 2004 est. 35 Pakistan 365,000 2004 est. 36 Portugal 339,800 2001 est. 37 Philippines 338,000 2003 est. 38 Sweden 328,600 2001 est. 39 United Arab Emirates 310,000 2004 est. 40 Ukraine 303,000 2003 est. 41 Kuwait 293,000 2003 est. 42 Switzerland 290,400 2001 est. 43 Belarus 285,000 2003 est. 44 Nigeria 275,000 2001 est. 45 Austria 262,400 2001 est. 46 Israel 260,000 2001 est. 47 Hong Kong 257,000 2001 est. 48 Romania 253,800 2003 est. 49 Colombia 252,000 2001 est. 50 Chile 240,000 2003 est. 51 Syria 240,000 2004 est. 52 Denmark 218,000 2001 est. 53 Libya 216,000 2001 est. 54 Finland 211,400 2001 est. 55 Algeria 209,000 2001 est. 56 Puerto Rico 190,000 2001 est. 57 Kazakhstan 189,400 2003 est. 58 Vietnam 185,000 2001 est. 59 Czech Republic 175,700 2001 est. 60 Ireland 174,400 2001 est. 61 Norway 171,100 2001 est. 62 Morocco 167,000 2001 est. 63 Cuba 163,000 2001 est. 64 Peru 161,000 2001 est. 65 Uzbekistan 142,000 2001 est. 66 Hungary 140,700 2001 est. 67 Azerbaijan 140,000 2001 est. 68 New Zealand 132,700 2001 est. 69 Dominican Republic 129,000 2001 est. 70 Ecuador 129,000 2001 est. 71 Lebanon 107,000 2001 est. 72 Jordan 103,000 2004 est. 73 Bulgaria 94,000 2001 est. 74 Croatia 89,000 2001 est. 75 Tunisia 87,000 2001 est. 76 Korea, North 85,000 2001 est. 77 Slovakia 82,000 2001 est. 78 Yemen 78,000 2003 est. 79 Sri Lanka 75,000 2001 est. 80 Lithuania 72,000 2001 est. 81 Netherlands Antilles 72,000 2001 est. 82 Bangladesh 71,000 2001 est. 83 Sudan 70,000 2004 est. 84 Jamaica 66,000 2001 est. 85 Virgin Islands 66,000 2001 est. 86 Serbia and Montenegro 64,000 2001 est. 87 Turkmenistan 63,000 2001 est. 88 Guatemala 61,000 2001 est. 89 Burma 60,950 2003 est. 90 Kenya 57,000 2001 est. 91 Oman 54,000 2003 est. 92 Slovenia 53,300 2001 est. 93 Luxembourg 50,650 2001 est. 94 Bolivia 49,000 2001 est. 95 Cyprus 49,000 2001 est. 96 Latvia 44,000 2001 est. 97 Gibraltar 42,000 2001 est. 98 Uruguay 41,500 2001 est. 99 Panama 40,520 2003 est. 100 Bahrain 40,000 2003 est. 101 El Salvador 39,000 2001 est. 102 Ghana 38,000 2001 est. 103 Costa Rica 37,000 2001 est. 104 Cote d'Ivoire 32,000 2001 est. 105 Georgia 31,500 2001 est. 106 Angola 31,000 2001 est. 107 Senegal 31,000 2001 est. 108 Qatar 30,000 2003 est. 109 Honduras 29,000 2001 est. 110 Nicaragua 25,770 2003 est. 111 Paraguay 25,000 2001 est. 112 Estonia 24,000 2001 est. 113 Mauritania 24,000 2001 est. 114 Trinidad and Tobago 24,000 2001 est. 115 Moldova 24,000 2001 est. 116 Bahamas, The 23,000 2001 est. 117 Zimbabwe 23,000 2001 est. 118 Ethiopia 23,000 2001 est. 119 Cameroon 22,000 2001 est. 120 Macedonia 22,000 2003 est. 121 Mauritius 21,000 2001 est. 122 Bosnia and Herzegovina 20,000 2001 est. 123 Guam 20,000 2001 est. 124 Tajikistan 20,000 2001 est. 125 Malta 20,000 2001 est. 126 Kyrgyzstan 20,000 2001 est. 127 Reunion 18,000 2001 est. 128 Tanzania 17,000 2001 est. 129 Iceland 16,300 2001 est. 130 Botswana 16,000 2001 est. 131 Nepal 16,000 2001 est. 132 Papua New Guinea 15,000 2001 est. 133 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14,000 2001 est. 134 Suriname 14,000 2004 est. 135 Martinique 13,500 2001 est. 136 Brunei 13,000 2001 est. 137 Madagascar 13,000 2001 est. 138 Gabon 13,000 2001 est. 139 Namibia 13,000 2001 est. 140 Guadeloupe 13,000 2001 est. 141 Benin 11,500 2001 est. 142 Djibouti 11,300 2001 est. 143 Macau 11,190 2001 est. 144 Guyana 11,000 2001 est. 145 Mongolia 11,000 2004 est. 146 Haiti 11,000 2001 est. 147 Zambia 11,000 2001 est. 148 Barbados 10,900 2001 est. 149 Togo 10,000 2001 est. 150 New Caledonia 8,750 2001 est. 151 Uganda 8,750 2001 est. 152 Guinea 8,600 2001 est. 153 Mozambique 8,500 2001 est. 154 Burkina Faso 8,000 2001 est. 155 Albania 7,500 2004 est. 156 Cambodia 7,200 2002 est. 157 Aruba 6,500 2001 est. 158 French Guiana 6,500 2001 est. 159 Sierra Leone 6,500 2001 est. 160 Eritrea 6,000 2001 est. 161 Armenia 5,700 2001 est. 162 Fiji 5,700 2001 est. 163 Malawi 5,400 2001 est. 164 Rwanda 5,300 2001 est. 165 Belize 5,000 2001 est. 166 Niger 5,000 2001 est. 167 Congo, Republic of the 5,000 2001 est. 168 French Polynesia 4,750 2001 est. 169 Faroe Islands 4,500 2001 est. 170 Bermuda 4,000 2001 est. 171 Mali 4,000 2001 est. 172 Seychelles 4,000 2001 est. 173 Somalia 4,000 2001 est. 174 American Samoa 3,800 2001 est. 175 Greenland 3,700 2001 est. 176 Antigua and Barbuda 3,600 2001 est. 177 Afghanistan 3,500 2001 est. 178 Swaziland 3,500 2001 est. 179 Maldives 3,200 2001 est. 180 Liberia 3,100 2001 est. 181 Burundi 2,750 2001 est. 182 Laos 2,750 2001 est. 183 Guinea-Bissau 2,500 2001 est. 184 Cayman Islands 2,400 2001 est. 185 Central African Republic 2,400 2001 est. 186 Saint Lucia 2,400 2001 est. 187 Cape Verde 2,000 2001 est. 188 Equatorial Guinea 2,000 2001 est. 189 Gambia, The 1,900 2001 est. 190 Western Sahara 1,800 2001 est. 191 Chad 1,500 2001 est. 192 Lesotho 1,500 2001 193 Solomon Islands 1,250 2001 est. 194 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1,250 2001 est. 195 Bhutan 1,020 2001 est. 196 Grenada 1,000 2001 est. 197 Samoa 1,000 2001 est. 198 Tonga 1,000 2001 est. 199 Nauru 1,000 2001 est. 200 Saint Kitts and Nevis 710 2001 est. 201 Comoros 700 2001 est. 202 Sao Tome and Principe 700 2001 est. 203 Dominica 600 2001 est. 204 Vanuatu 600 2001 est. 205 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 600 2001 est. 206 Cook Islands 450 2001 est. 207 British Virgin Islands 420 2001 est. 208 Montserrat 400 2001 est. 209 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 200 2001 est. 210 Saint Helena 200 2001 est. 211 Kiribati 190 2001 est. 212 Niue 20 2001 est. 213 Turks and Caicos Islands 0
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2175
Rank Country Oil - imports(bbl/day) Date of Information
1 European Union 15,690,000 2001 2 Japan 5,449,000 2001 3 China 2,414,000 2002 4 Netherlands 2,284,000 2001 5 France 2,281,000 2001 6 Korea, South 2,263,000 2003 7 Italy 2,158,000 2001 8 Germany 2,135,000 2003 9 Spain 1,582,000 2001 10 United Kingdom 1,084,000 2003 11 Belgium 1,042,000 2001 12 Canada 987,000 2004 13 Turkey 616,500 2001 14 Sweden 553,100 2001 15 Australia 530,800 2001 16 Greece 468,300 2001 17 Poland 413,700 2001 18 Indonesia 370,500 2003 19 Belarus 360,000 2004 est. 20 Portugal 357,300 2001 21 Finland 318,300 2001 22 Philippines 312,000 2003 23 Switzerland 289,500 2001 24 Austria 262,000 2001 25 Chile 221,500 2003 est. 26 Mexico 205,000 2004 27 Denmark 195,000 2001 28 Czech Republic 192,300 2001 29 Ireland 178,600 2001 30 Hungary 136,600 2001 31 Dominican Republic 129,900 2003 32 New Zealand 119,700 2001 33 Jordan 100,000 2004 est. 34 Norway 88,870 2001 35 Luxembourg 50,700 2001 36 Burma 49,230 2003 37 Kazakhstan 47,000 2003 38 Nicaragua 27,950 2003 39 Iceland 15,470 2001 40 Korea, North 11,500 2003 est. 41 Mongolia 11,000 2004 est. 42 Albania 5,500 2004 est. 43 Suriname 1,644 2003 44 United Arab Emirates 0 2004 45 Saudi Arabia 0 2003 46 Sudan 0 2004
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2176
Rank Country Oil - exports(bbl/day) Date of Information
1 Saudi Arabia 7,920,000 2003 2 Russia 6,110,000 2003 3 European Union 5,322,000 2001 4 Norway 3,466,000 2001 5 United Arab Emirates 2,500,000 2004 est. 6 Iran 2,500,000 2004 est. 7 Venezuela 2,100,000 2004 est. 8 Kuwait 1,970,000 2003 9 Mexico 1,863,000 2004 10 United Kingdom 1,498,000 2001 11 Iraq 1,490,000 2004 est. 12 Netherlands 1,418,000 2001 13 Canada 1,370,000 2004 14 Kazakhstan 890,000 2003 15 Oman 721,000 2004 16 Korea, South 630,100 2003 17 Australia 523,400 2001 18 Indonesia 518,100 2003 19 Italy 456,600 2001 20 Belgium 450,000 2001 21 China 427,800 2002 22 France 409,600 2001 23 Ecuador 387,000 2004 est. 24 Yemen 370,300 2003 25 Denmark 332,100 2001 26 Syria 285,000 2004 27 Sudan 275,000 2004 28 Malaysia 230,200 2003 29 Sweden 203,700 2001 30 Brunei 199,000 2003 31 Spain 135,100 2001 32 Finland 101,000 2001 33 Japan 93,360 2001 34 Greece 84,720 2001 35 Poland 53,000 2001 36 Peru 49,000 2004 est. 37 Hungary 47,180 2001 38 Turkey 46,110 2001 39 Austria 35,470 2001 40 New Zealand 30,220 2001 41 Bahamas, The 29,000 2003 42 Portugal 28,830 2001 43 Ireland 27,450 2001 44 Czech Republic 26,670 2001 45 Belarus 14,500 2003 est. 46 Germany 12,990 2003 47 Switzerland 10,420 2001 48 Burma 3,356 2003 49 Guatemala 3,104 2003 50 Suriname 1,370 2003 51 Nicaragua 738 2003 52 Luxembourg 634 2001 53 Mongolia 497 2004 est. 54 Albania 0 2004 est. 55 Chile 0 2003 56 Philippines 0 2001 57 Jordan 0 2004 est. 58 Iceland 0 2001
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2178
Rank Country Oil - proved reserves(bbl) Date of Information
1 World 1,025,000,000,000 1 January 2002 est. 2 Saudi Arabia 261,700,000,000 2004 est. 3 Canada 178,900,000,000 2004 est. 4 Iran 130,800,000,000 2004 est. 5 Iraq 112,500,000,000 2004 est. 6 United Arab Emirates 97,800,000,000 2004 est. 7 Kuwait 96,500,000,000 2004 est. 8 Venezuela 78,000,000,000 2004 est. 9 Russia 69,000,000,000 2003 est. 10 Libya 38,000,000,000 2004 est. 11 Nigeria 34,000,000,000 2004 est. 12 European Union 28,210,000,000 1 January 2002 13 Kazakhstan 26,000,000,000 1 January 2004 14 United Kingdom 25,410,000,000 2003 15 Angola 22,880,000,000 2004 est. 16 United States 22,450,000,000 1 January 2002 17 Mexico 18,000,000,000 2004 est. 18 China 17,740,000,000 2004 est. 19 Qatar 16,000,000,000 2004 est. 20 Brazil 13,900,000,000 2004 est. 21 Algeria 11,870,000,000 2004 est. 22 Norway 9,859,000,000 1 January 2002 23 India 5,700,000,000 2004 est. 24 Oman 5,500,000,000 2003 est. 25 Indonesia 4,900,000,000 2004 est. 26 Ecuador 4,408,000,000 2004 est. 27 Yemen 4,000,000,000 2004 est. 28 Australia 3,664,000,000 1 January 2002 29 Burma 3,200,000,000 2003 30 Malaysia 3,200,000,000 2004 est. 31 Argentina 2,900,000,000 2004 est. 32 Egypt 2,700,000,000 2004 est. 33 Syria 2,500,000,000 2004 est. 34 Gabon 2,022,000,000 2004 est. 35 Colombia 1,700,000,000 2004 est. 36 Tunisia 1,700,000,000 2004 est. 37 Sudan 1,600,000,000 2004 est. 38 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,538,000,000 1 January 2002 39 Brunei 1,255,000,000 1 January 2002 40 Denmark 1,230,000,000 1 January 2002 41 Romania 1,055,000,000 1 January 2002 42 Trinidad and Tobago 990,000,000 1 January 2004 43 Vietnam 650,000,000 2004 est. 44 Thailand 600,000,000 1 January 2003 45 Azerbaijan 589,000,000 1 January 2002 46 Italy 586,600,000 1 January 2002 47 Equatorial Guinea 563,500,000 1 January 2002 48 Cuba 532,000,000 1 January 2002 49 Bolivia 458,800,000 1 January 2002 50 Peru 408,800,000 2004 est. 51 Germany 395,800,000 1 January 2004 52 Ukraine 395,000,000 9 November 2004 53 Pakistan 325,500,000 2004 est. 54 Morocco 300,000,000 2004 est. 55 Uzbekistan 297,000,000 1 January 2002 56 Turkey 288,400,000 1 January 2002 57 Turkmenistan 273,000,000 1 January 2002 58 Guatemala 263,000,000 1 January 2002 59 Cote d'Ivoire 220,000,000 2004 est. 60 Albania 185,500,000 1 January 2002 61 Papua New Guinea 170,000,000 2004 est. 62 Philippines 152,000,000 1 January 2004 63 Chile 150,000,000 1 January 2004 64 France 144,300,000 1 January 2002 65 Bahrain 126,000,000 2004 est. 66 Poland 116,400,000 1 January 2002 67 Hungary 110,700,000 1 January 2002 68 Suriname 99,000,000 2004 69 Croatia 93,600,000 1 January 2002 70 Congo, Republic of the 93,500,000 1 January 2002 71 New Zealand 89,620,000 1 January 2002 72 Netherlands 88,060,000 1 January 2002 73 Austria 85,690,000 1 January 2002 74 Cameroon 80,000,000 2004 est. 75 Serbia and Montenegro 38,750,000 1 January 2002 76 Japan 29,290,000 1 January 2002 77 Bangladesh 28,450,000 1 January 2002 78 Czech Republic 17,250,000 1 January 2002 79 Spain 10,500,000 1 January 2002 80 Ghana 8,255,000 1 January 2002 81 Bulgaria 8,100,000 1 January 2002 82 South Africa 7,840,000 1 January 2002 83 Greece 4,500,000 1 January 2002 84 Slovakia 4,500,000 1 January 2002 85 Benin 4,105,000 1 January 2002 86 Taiwan 2,900,000 2004 est. 87 Israel 1,920,000 1 January 2002 88 Barbados 1,254,000 1 January 2002 89 Jordan 445,000 1 January 2002 90 Ethiopia 214,000 1 January 2002 91 Afghanistan 0 1 January 2002 92 Rwanda 0 1 January 2002 93 Tanzania 0 1 January 2002 94 Namibia 0 1 January 2002 95 Somalia 0 1 January 2002 96 Mozambique 0 1 January 2002 97 Ireland 0 1 January 2002 98 Madagascar 0 1 January 2002
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2179
Rank Country Natural gas - proved reserves(cu m) Date of Information
1 World 161,200,000,000,000 1 January 2002 2 Russia 47,000,000,000,000 2003 3 Iran 26,700,000,000,000 2004 4 Qatar 14,410,000,000,000 2004 5 Saudi Arabia 6,339,000,000,000 2004 6 United Arab Emirates 6,060,000,000,000 2004 7 United States 5,195,000,000,000 1 January 2002 8 Algeria 4,739,000,000,000 2004 9 Venezuela 4,190,000,000,000 2004 10 Nigeria 4,007,000,000,000 2004 11 European Union 3,256,000,000,000 1 January 2002 12 Iraq 3,149,000,000,000 2004 13 Indonesia 2,549,000,000,000 2004 14 Burma 2,460,000,000,000 2003 15 Australia 2,407,000,000,000 1 January 2002 16 China 2,230,000,000,000 2004 17 Malaysia 2,230,000,000,000 2004 18 Kazakhstan 1,800,000,000,000 1 January 2004 19 Norway 1,716,000,000,000 1 January 2002 20 Netherlands 1,693,000,000,000 1 January 2002 21 Canada 1,691,000,000,000 2004 22 Kuwait 1,548,000,000,000 2004 23 Turkmenistan 1,430,000,000,000 1 January 2002 24 Libya 1,321,000,000,000 2004 25 Egypt 1,264,000,000,000 2004 26 Uzbekistan 937,300,000,000 1 January 2002 27 Oman 829,700,000,000 2003 28 Argentina 768,000,000,000 2004 29 Bolivia 727,200,000,000 1 January 2002 30 United Kingdom 714,900,000,000 2003 31 Pakistan 695,600,000,000 2004 32 Trinidad and Tobago 589,000,000,000 1 January 2004 33 Ukraine 560,700,000,000 9 November 2004 34 India 542,400,000,000 2004 35 Yemen 480,000,000,000 2004 36 Mexico 420,000,000,000 2004 37 Papua New Guinea 385,500,000,000 2004 38 Thailand 368,200,000,000 1 January 2003 39 Brunei 315,000,000,000 1 January 2002 40 Germany 293,000,000,000 1 January 2004 41 Peru 245,100,000,000 2004 42 Syria 240,700,000,000 2004 43 Brazil 221,700,000,000 2004 44 Italy 209,700,000,000 1 January 2002 45 Vietnam 192,600,000,000 2004 46 Poland 154,400,000,000 1 January 2002 47 Bangladesh 150,300,000,000 1 January 2002 48 Colombia 132,000,000,000 2004 49 Romania 111,100,000,000 1 January 2002 50 Philippines 107,600,000,000 1 January 2004 51 Ecuador 106,500,000,000 2004 52 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 104,800,000,000 1 January 2002 53 Sudan 99,110,000,000 2004 54 Chile 99,050,000,000 1 January 2004 55 Denmark 81,980,000,000 1 January 2002 56 Angola 79,570,000,000 2004 57 Tunisia 77,160,000,000 2004 58 Equatorial Guinea 68,530,000,000 1 January 2002 59 Gabon 66,470,000,000 2004 60 Mozambique 63,710,000,000 1 January 2002 61 Azerbaijan 62,300,000,000 1 January 2002 62 New Zealand 58,940,000,000 1 January 2002 63 Cameroon 55,220,000,000 2004 64 Hungary 50,450,000,000 1 January 2002 65 Afghanistan 49,980,000,000 1 January 2002 66 Bahrain 46,000,000,000 2004 67 Cuba 42,620,000,000 1 January 2002 68 Taiwan 38,230,000,000 2004 69 Croatia 34,360,000,000 1 January 2002 70 Namibia 31,150,000,000 1 January 2002 71 Rwanda 28,320,000,000 1 January 2002 72 Austria 24,900,000,000 1 January 2002 73 Serbia and Montenegro 24,070,000,000 1 January 2002 74 Israel 20,810,000,000 1 January 2002 75 Japan 20,020,000,000 1 January 2002 76 Cote d'Ivoire 14,870,000,000 2004 77 South Africa 14,160,000,000 1 January 2002 78 France 12,860,000,000 1 January 2002 79 Ethiopia 12,460,000,000 1 January 2002 80 Ghana 11,890,000,000 1 January 2002 81 Tanzania 11,330,000,000 1 January 2002 82 Ireland 9,911,000,000 1 January 2002 83 Turkey 8,685,000,000 1 January 2002 84 Slovakia 7,504,000,000 1 January 2002 85 Bulgaria 3,724,000,000 1 January 2002 86 Albania 3,316,000,000 1 January 2002 87 Jordan 3,256,000,000 1 January 2002 88 Czech Republic 3,057,000,000 1 January 2002 89 Somalia 2,832,000,000 1 January 2002 90 Guatemala 1,543,000,000 1 January 2002 91 Morocco 665,400,000 2004 92 Benin 608,800,000 1 January 2002 93 Congo, Republic of the 495,500,000 1 January 2002 94 Greece 254,900,000 1 January 2002 95 Spain 254,900,000 1 January 2002 96 Barbados 70,790,000 1 January 2002 97 Madagascar 0 1 January 2002 98 Suriname 0 2004
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2180
Rank Country Natural gas - production(cu m) Date of Information
1 World 2,637,000,000,000 2001 est. 2 Russia 578,600,000,000 2003 est. 3 United States 548,100,000,000 2001 est. 4 European Union 242,600,000,000 2001 5 Canada 165,800,000,000 2003 est. 6 United Kingdom 105,900,000,000 2001 est. 7 Algeria 80,300,000,000 2001 est. 8 Iran 79,000,000,000 2003 est. 9 Netherlands 77,750,000,000 2001 est. 10 Indonesia 77,600,000,000 2003 est. 11 Uzbekistan 63,100,000,000 2001 est. 12 Turkmenistan 58,570,000,000 2004 est. 13 Saudi Arabia 56,400,000,000 2002 14 Norway 54,600,000,000 2001 est. 15 Malaysia 53,660,000,000 2001 est. 16 Mexico 47,300,000,000 2004 est. 17 United Arab Emirates 44,400,000,000 2003 est. 18 Argentina 37,150,000,000 2001 est. 19 China 35,000,000,000 2003 est. 20 Australia 33,080,000,000 2001 est. 21 Bahrain 32,700,000,000 2002 est. 22 Qatar 32,400,000,000 2001 est. 23 Venezuela 29,400,000,000 2003 est. 24 Trinidad and Tobago 25,000,000,000 2003 est. 25 Pakistan 23,400,000,000 2001 est. 26 India 22,750,000,000 2001 est. 27 Egypt 21,200,000,000 2001 est. 28 Germany 21,000,000,000 2003 29 Ukraine 19,600,000,000 2003 est. 30 Thailand 18,730,000,000 2001 est. 31 Nigeria 15,680,000,000 2001 est. 32 Italy 15,490,000,000 2001 est. 33 Oman 13,770,000,000 2001 est. 34 Romania 12,600,000,000 2003 est. 35 Kazakhstan 11,600,000,000 2004 est. 36 Brunei 10,350,000,000 2001 est. 37 Burma 9,980,000,000 2003 est. 38 Bangladesh 9,900,000,000 2001 est. 39 Kuwait 8,700,000,000 2002 est. 40 Bolivia 8,440,000,000 2004 est. 41 Denmark 8,380,000,000 2001 est. 42 New Zealand 6,504,000,000 2001 est. 43 Libya 6,180,000,000 2001 est. 44 Brazil 5,950,000,000 2001 est. 45 Syria 5,840,000,000 2001 est. 46 Azerbaijan 5,720,000,000 2001 est. 47 Colombia 5,700,000,000 2001 est. 48 Poland 5,471,000,000 2001 est. 49 Hungary 3,231,000,000 2001 est. 50 Japan 2,519,000,000 2001 est. 51 Iraq 2,350,000,000 2002 est. 52 Tunisia 2,250,000,000 2001 est. 53 France 1,898,000,000 2001 est. 54 South Africa 1,800,000,000 2001 est. 55 Croatia 1,760,000,000 2001 est. 56 Austria 1,731,000,000 2001 est. 57 Cote d'Ivoire 1,350,000,000 2001 est. 58 Vietnam 1,300,000,000 2001 est. 59 Chile 1,180,000,000 2002 est. 60 Peru 910,000,000 2004 est. 61 Ireland 815,000,000 2001 est. 62 Taiwan 750,000,000 2001 est. 63 Serbia and Montenegro 602,000,000 2001 est. 64 Cuba 600,000,000 2001 est. 65 Angola 530,000,000 2001 est. 66 Spain 516,000,000 2001 est. 67 Turkey 312,000,000 2001 est. 68 Jordan 290,000,000 2001 est. 69 Belarus 250,000,000 2004 est. 70 Afghanistan 220,000,000 2001 est. 71 Slovakia 190,000,000 2003 est. 72 Ecuador 160,000,000 2001 est. 73 Czech Republic 160,000,000 2001 est. 74 Papua New Guinea 110,000,000 2001 est. 75 Gabon 80,000,000 2001 est. 76 Georgia 60,000,000 2001 est. 77 Mozambique 60,000,000 2001 est. 78 Morocco 50,000,000 2001 est. 79 Tajikistan 50,000,000 2001 est. 80 Senegal 50,000,000 2001 est. 81 Greece 35,000,000 2001 est. 82 Albania 30,000,000 2001 est. 83 Barbados 29,170,000 2001 est. 84 Equatorial Guinea 20,000,000 2001 est. 85 Kyrgyzstan 16,000,000 2001 est. 86 Israel 10,000,000 2001 est. 87 Bulgaria 4,000,000 2001 est. 88 Philippines 2,500,000 2004 est. 89 Armenia 0 2001 est. 90 Korea, South 0 2003 est. 91 Lithuania 0 2001 est. 92 Yemen 0 2003 est. 93 Uruguay 0 2003 est. 94 Switzerland 0 2001 est. 95 Sweden 0 2001 est. 96 Singapore 0 2001 est. 97 Slovenia 0 2001 est. 98 Puerto Rico 0 2001 est. 99 Portugal 0 2001 est. 100 Moldova 0 2001 est. 101 Luxembourg 0 2001 est. 102 Latvia 0 2001 est. 103 Estonia 0 2001 est. 104 Finland 0 2001 est. 105 Belgium 0 2001 est. 106 Cameroon 0 2001 est. 107 Congo, Republic of the 0 2001 est. 108 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 2001 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2181
Rank Country Natural gas - consumption(cu m) Date of Information
1 World 2,599,000,000,000 2001 est. 2 United States 640,900,000,000 2001 est. 3 European Union 467,700,000,000 2001 4 Russia 405,800,000,000 2003 est. 5 Germany 99,550,000,000 2003 6 United Kingdom 92,850,000,000 2001 est. 7 Japan 80,420,000,000 2001 est. 8 Ukraine 79,860,000,000 2003 est. 9 Iran 72,400,000,000 2003 est. 10 Italy 71,180,000,000 2001 est. 11 Saudi Arabia 56,400,000,000 2002 12 Canada 55,800,000,000 2003 est. 13 Indonesia 55,300,000,000 2003 est. 14 Mexico 55,100,000,000 2004 est. 15 Netherlands 49,720,000,000 2001 est. 16 Uzbekistan 45,200,000,000 2001 est. 17 France 42,010,000,000 2001 est. 18 United Arab Emirates 33,700,000,000 2003 est. 19 Bahrain 32,700,000,000 2002 est. 20 Malaysia 31,250,000,000 2001 est. 21 Argentina 31,100,000,000 2001 est. 22 Venezuela 29,400,000,000 2003 est. 23 China 29,180,000,000 2002 est. 24 Thailand 23,930,000,000 2001 est. 25 Pakistan 23,400,000,000 2001 est. 26 Australia 23,330,000,000 2001 est. 27 India 22,750,000,000 2001 est. 28 Algeria 22,320,000,000 2001 est. 29 Egypt 21,200,000,000 2001 est. 30 Korea, South 20,920,000,000 2003 est. 31 Belarus 18,800,000,000 2004 est. 32 Romania 18,500,000,000 2003 est. 33 Spain 17,960,000,000 2001 est. 34 Turkey 15,940,000,000 2001 est. 35 Qatar 15,860,000,000 2001 est. 36 Belgium 15,500,000,000 2001 est. 37 Kazakhstan 14,300,000,000 2001 est. 38 Poland 13,850,000,000 2001 est. 39 Trinidad and Tobago 13,760,000,000 2003 est. 40 Hungary 13,370,000,000 2001 est. 41 Bangladesh 9,900,000,000 2001 est. 42 Czech Republic 9,892,000,000 2001 est. 43 Turkmenistan 9,600,000,000 2001 est. 44 Brazil 9,590,000,000 2001 est. 45 Kuwait 8,700,000,000 2002 est. 46 Nigeria 7,850,000,000 2001 est. 47 Austria 7,810,000,000 2001 est. 48 Slovakia 6,800,000,000 2003 est. 49 Azerbaijan 6,720,000,000 2001 est. 50 Taiwan 6,640,000,000 2001 est. 51 Chile 6,517,000,000 2002 est. 52 New Zealand 6,504,000,000 2001 est. 53 Oman 6,340,000,000 2001 est. 54 Syria 5,840,000,000 2001 est. 55 Bulgaria 5,804,000,000 2001 est. 56 Colombia 5,700,000,000 2001 est. 57 Libya 5,410,000,000 2001 est. 58 Denmark 5,280,000,000 2001 est. 59 Finland 4,557,000,000 2001 est. 60 Ireland 4,199,000,000 2001 est. 61 Norway 4,100,000,000 2001 est. 62 Tunisia 3,830,000,000 2001 est. 63 Switzerland 3,093,000,000 2001 est. 64 Croatia 2,840,000,000 2001 est. 65 Lithuania 2,760,000,000 2001 est. 66 Portugal 2,542,000,000 2001 est. 67 Singapore 2,500,000,000 2001 est. 68 Iraq 2,350,000,000 2002 est. 69 Moldova 2,050,000,000 2001 est. 70 Greece 2,021,000,000 2001 est. 71 Kyrgyzstan 2,016,000,000 2001 est. 72 South Africa 1,800,000,000 2001 est. 73 Latvia 1,700,000,000 2001 est. 74 Burma 1,569,000,000 2003 est. 75 Armenia 1,400,000,000 2001 est. 76 Brunei 1,350,000,000 2001 est. 77 Cote d'Ivoire 1,350,000,000 2001 est. 78 Tajikistan 1,300,000,000 2001 est. 79 Vietnam 1,300,000,000 2001 est. 80 Estonia 1,270,000,000 2001 est. 81 Georgia 1,160,000,000 2001 est. 82 Bolivia 1,150,000,000 2001 est. 83 Slovenia 1,040,000,000 2001 est. 84 Sweden 949,000,000 2001 est. 85 Peru 910,000,000 2004 est. 86 Luxembourg 865,000,000 2001 est. 87 Hong Kong 680,900,000 2001 est. 88 Puerto Rico 630,000,000 2001 est. 89 Serbia and Montenegro 602,000,000 2001 est. 90 Cuba 600,000,000 2001 est. 91 Angola 530,000,000 2001 est. 92 Bosnia and Herzegovina 300,000,000 2001 est. 93 Jordan 290,000,000 2001 est. 94 Afghanistan 220,000,000 2001 est. 95 Ecuador 160,000,000 2001 est. 96 Papua New Guinea 110,000,000 2001 est. 97 Gabon 80,000,000 2001 est. 98 Uruguay 64,500,000 2003 est. 99 Mozambique 60,000,000 2001 est. 100 Morocco 50,000,000 2001 est. 101 Senegal 50,000,000 2001 est. 102 Albania 30,000,000 2001 est. 103 Barbados 29,170,000 2001 est. 104 Philippines 25,000,000 2004 est. 105 Equatorial Guinea 20,000,000 2001 est. 106 Israel 10,000,000 2001 est. 107 Congo, Republic of the 0 2001 est. 108 Yemen 0 2003 est. 109 Cameroon 0 2001 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2182
Rank Country Natural gas - imports(cu m) Date of Information
1 World 718,700,000,000 2001 est. 2 European Union 297,800,000,000 2001 3 United States 114,100,000,000 2001 est. 4 Germany 85,020,000,000 2003 5 Japan 77,730,000,000 2001 est. 6 Ukraine 60,400,000,000 2003 est. 7 Italy 54,780,000,000 2001 est. 8 France 40,260,000,000 2001 est. 9 Russia 32,700,000,000 2001 est. 10 Korea, South 21,110,000,000 2003 est. 11 Netherlands 20,780,000,000 2001 est. 12 Belarus 18,500,000,000 2004 est. 13 Spain 17,260,000,000 2001 est. 14 Turkey 15,750,000,000 2001 est. 15 Belgium 15,400,000,000 2001 est. 16 Hungary 9,587,000,000 2001 est. 17 Czech Republic 9,521,000,000 2001 est. 18 Poland 8,782,000,000 2001 est. 19 Canada 8,730,000,000 2003 est. 20 Kazakhstan 8,696,000,000 2003 est. 21 Mexico 7,850,000,000 2004 est. 22 Slovakia 6,600,000,000 2003 est. 23 Taiwan 6,300,000,000 2001 est. 24 Austria 6,033,000,000 2001 est. 25 Bulgaria 5,800,000,000 2001 est. 26 Romania 5,400,000,000 2001 est. 27 Chile 5,337,000,000 2002 est. 28 Thailand 5,200,000,000 2001 est. 29 Iran 4,920,000,000 2003 est. 30 Finland 4,567,000,000 2001 est. 31 Brazil 3,640,000,000 2001 est. 32 Ireland 3,384,000,000 2001 est. 33 Switzerland 3,093,000,000 2001 est. 34 Lithuania 2,760,000,000 2001 est. 35 United Kingdom 2,700,000,000 2001 est. 36 Portugal 2,553,000,000 2001 est. 37 Singapore 2,500,000,000 2001 est. 38 Moldova 2,050,000,000 2001 est. 39 Greece 2,018,000,000 2001 est. 40 Kyrgyzstan 2,000,000,000 2001 est. 41 Latvia 1,700,000,000 2001 est. 42 Tunisia 1,580,000,000 2001 est. 43 Armenia 1,400,000,000 2001 est. 44 Estonia 1,270,000,000 2001 est. 45 Tajikistan 1,250,000,000 2001 est. 46 Georgia 1,100,000,000 2001 est. 47 Croatia 1,080,000,000 2001 est. 48 Slovenia 1,040,000,000 2001 est. 49 Azerbaijan 1,000,000,000 2001 est. 50 Sweden 968,000,000 2001 est. 51 Luxembourg 867,000,000 2001 est. 52 Hong Kong 680,900,000 2001 est. 53 Puerto Rico 630,000,000 2001 est. 54 Bosnia and Herzegovina 300,000,000 2001 est. 55 Uruguay 65,000,000 2003 est. 56 United Arab Emirates 0 2003 est. 57 Afghanistan 0 2001 est. 58 Argentina 0 2001 est. 59 Bolivia 0 2001 est. 60 Senegal 0 2001 est. 61 South Africa 0 2001 est. 62 Saudi Arabia 0 2002 63 Philippines 0 2004 est. 64 Qatar 0 2001 est. 65 Papua New Guinea 0 2001 est. 66 Pakistan 0 2001 est. 67 Peru 0 2004 est. 68 New Zealand 0 2001 est. 69 Yemen 0 2003 est. 70 Serbia and Montenegro 0 2001 est. 71 Vietnam 0 2001 est. 72 Venezuela 0 2004 est. 73 Uzbekistan 0 2001 est. 74 Turkmenistan 0 2001 est. 75 Trinidad and Tobago 0 2001 est. 76 Syria 0 2001 est. 77 Norway 0 2001 est. 78 Nigeria 0 2001 est. 79 Mozambique 0 2001 est. 80 Malaysia 0 2001 est. 81 Oman 0 2001 est. 82 Morocco 0 2001 est. 83 Libya 0 2001 est. 84 Kuwait 0 2002 est. 85 Jordan 0 2001 est. 86 Iraq 0 2004 est. 87 Cote d'Ivoire 0 2001 est. 88 Israel 0 2001 est. 89 India 0 2001 est. 90 Indonesia 0 2003 est. 91 Gabon 0 2001 est. 92 Ecuador 0 2001 est. 93 Denmark 0 2001 est. 94 Cuba 0 2001 est. 95 Colombia 0 2001 est. 96 Cameroon 0 2001 est. 97 China 0 2002 est. 98 Congo, Republic of the 0 2001 est. 99 Brunei 0 2001 est. 100 Burma 0 2003 est. 101 Equatorial Guinea 0 2001 est. 102 Egypt 0 2001 est. 103 Bangladesh 0 2001 est. 104 Barbados 0 2001 est. 105 Bahrain 0 2002 est. 106 Australia 0 2001 est. 107 Angola 0 2001 est. 108 Albania 0 2001 est. 109 Algeria 0 2001 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2183
Rank Country Natural gas - exports(cu m) Date of Information
1 World 693,700,000,000 2001 est. 2 Russia 171,000,000,000 2003 est. 3 Canada 91,520,000,000 2003 est. 4 European Union 78,100,000,000 2001 5 Algeria 57,980,000,000 2001 est. 6 Norway 50,500,000,000 2001 est. 7 Netherlands 49,280,000,000 2001 est. 8 Turkmenistan 43,500,000,000 2004 est. 9 Indonesia 39,700,000,000 2003 est. 10 Malaysia 22,410,000,000 2001 est. 11 Qatar 18,200,000,000 2004 est. 12 Uzbekistan 17,900,000,000 2001 est. 13 United Kingdom 15,750,000,000 2001 est. 14 Trinidad and Tobago 11,790,000,000 2003 est. 15 United States 11,160,000,000 2001 est. 16 Kazakhstan 11,010,000,000 2003 est. 17 Australia 9,744,000,000 2001 est. 18 Brunei 9,000,000,000 2001 est. 19 Burma 8,424,000,000 2003 est. 20 Nigeria 7,830,000,000 2001 est. 21 Germany 7,731,000,000 2003 22 Oman 7,430,000,000 2001 est. 23 United Arab Emirates 7,190,000,000 2003 est. 24 Argentina 6,050,000,000 2001 est. 25 Ukraine 5,800,000,000 2003 est. 26 Iran 3,400,000,000 2003 est. 27 Denmark 3,100,000,000 2001 est. 28 Bolivia 2,900,000,000 2001 est. 29 France 1,725,000,000 2001 est. 30 Libya 770,000,000 2001 est. 31 Taiwan 410,000,000 2001 est. 32 Austria 403,000,000 2001 est. 33 Italy 61,000,000 2001 est. 34 Poland 41,000,000 2001 est. 35 Hungary 4,000,000 2001 est. 36 Czech Republic 1,000,000 2001 est. 37 Afghanistan 0 2001 est. 38 Barbados 0 2001 est. 39 Bangladesh 0 2001 est. 40 Cuba 0 2001 est. 41 Colombia 0 2001 est. 42 Cameroon 0 2001 est. 43 Chile 0 2002 44 China 0 2002 est. 45 Congo, Republic of the 0 2001 est. 46 Bulgaria 0 2001 est. 47 Brazil 0 2001 est. 48 Belarus 0 2004 est. 49 Moldova 0 2001 est. 50 Luxembourg 0 2001 est. 51 Slovakia 0 2003 est. 52 Lithuania 0 2001 est. 53 Latvia 0 2001 est. 54 Kuwait 0 2002 est. 55 Korea, South 0 2003 est. 56 Kyrgyzstan 0 2001 est. 57 Jordan 0 2001 est. 58 Uruguay 0 2003 est. 59 Turkey 0 2001 est. 60 Tunisia 0 2001 est. 61 Tajikistan 0 2001 est. 62 Thailand 0 2001 est. 63 Switzerland 0 2001 est. 64 Syria 0 2001 est. 65 Sweden 0 2001 est. 66 Spain 0 2001 est. 67 Yemen 0 2003 est. 68 Serbia and Montenegro 0 2001 est. 69 Vietnam 0 2001 est. 70 Venezuela 0 2004 est. 71 Singapore 0 2001 est. 72 Slovenia 0 2001 est. 73 Senegal 0 2001 est. 74 South Africa 0 2001 est. 75 Saudi Arabia 0 2002 76 Puerto Rico 0 2001 est. 77 Philippines 0 2004 est. 78 Romania 0 2001 est. 79 Papua New Guinea 0 2001 est. 80 Portugal 0 2001 est. 81 Pakistan 0 2001 est. 82 Peru 0 2004 est. 83 New Zealand 0 2001 est. 84 Mozambique 0 2001 est. 85 Mexico 0 2004 est. 86 Morocco 0 2001 est. 87 Japan 0 2001 est. 88 Iraq 0 2004 est. 89 Cote d'Ivoire 0 2001 est. 90 Israel 0 2001 est. 91 India 0 2001 est. 92 Croatia 0 2001 est. 93 Hong Kong 0 2001 est. 94 Greece 0 2001 est. 95 Georgia 0 2001 est. 96 Gabon 0 2001 est. 97 Finland 0 2001 est. 98 Estonia 0 2001 est. 99 Equatorial Guinea 0 2001 est. 100 Ireland 0 2001 est. 101 Egypt 0 2001 est. 102 Ecuador 0 2001 est. 103 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 2001 est. 104 Belgium 0 2001 est. 105 Bahrain 0 2002 est. 106 Azerbaijan 0 2001 est. 107 Albania 0 2001 est. 108 Armenia 0 2001 est. 109 Angola 0 2001 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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Rank code: @2184
Rank Country Internet hosts Date of Information
1 United States 115,311,958 2002 2 European Union 22,000,414 3 Japan 12,962,065 2003 4 Netherlands 4,518,226 2004 5 United Kingdom 3,398,708 2004 6 Canada 3,210,081 2003 7 Brazil 3,163,349 2003 8 Australia 2,847,763 2003 9 Taiwan 2,777,085 2003 10 Germany 2,686,119 2004 11 France 2,396,761 2004 12 Italy 1,437,511 2004 13 Mexico 1,333,406 2003 14 Denmark 1,219,925 2004 15 Finland 1,219,173 2004 16 Spain 1,056,950 2004 17 Sweden 945,221 2004 18 Poland 804,915 2004 19 Argentina 742,358 2003 20 Korea, South 694,206 2001 21 Switzerland 667,275 2004 22 Norway 593,850 2004 23 Hong Kong 591,993 2003 24 Russia 560,874 2004 25 Singapore 484,825 2003 26 New Zealand 474,395 2003 27 Israel 437,516 2004 28 Austria 387,006 2004 29 Hungary 383,071 2004 30 Turkey 355,215 2004 31 Portugal 346,078 2004 32 Czech Republic 295,677 2004 33 South Africa 288,633 2003 34 Greece 208,977 2004 35 Chile 202,429 2003 36 Belgium 166,799 2004 37 Ireland 162,228 2004 38 China 160,421 2003 39 Iceland 122,175 2004 40 Colombia 115,158 2003 41 Malaysia 107,971 2003 42 Thailand 103,700 2003 43 Ukraine 94,345 2004 44 Slovakia 89,592 2004 45 Uruguay 87,630 2003 46 India 86,871 2003 47 Estonia 82,142 2004 48 Lithuania 67,769 2004 49 Peru 65,868 2003 50 Dominican Republic 64,197 2003 51 Indonesia 62,036 2003 52 United Arab Emirates 56,283 2004 53 Bulgaria 53,421 2004 54 Latvia 51,758 2004 55 Romania 50,807 2004 56 Slovenia 45,491 2004 57 Philippines 38,440 2002 58 Venezuela 35,301 2003 59 Croatia 29,644 2004 60 Luxembourg 28,214 2003 61 Kazakhstan 21,984 2004 62 Guatemala 20,360 2003 63 Serbia and Montenegro 20,207 2004 64 Tonga 18,906 2003 65 Saudi Arabia 15,931 2004 66 Pakistan 15,124 2003 67 Kyrgyzstan 12,299 2004 68 Moldova 11,984 2003 69 Costa Rica 10,826 2003 70 Paraguay 9,243 2003 71 Kenya 8,325 2003 72 Samoa 8,225 2003 73 Trinidad and Tobago 8,003 2003 74 Malta 7,156 2004 75 Panama 7,129 2003 76 Nicaragua 7,094 2003 77 Bolivia 7,080 2003 78 Lebanon 6,998 2004 79 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6,994 2004 80 Brunei 6,409 2003 81 Cyprus 5,901 2004 82 Tanzania 5,534 2003 83 Belarus 5,308 2004 84 Iran 5,269 2004 85 Bermuda 5,161 2001 86 Georgia 5,160 2004 87 French Polynesia 5,123 2003 88 Zimbabwe 4,501 2003 89 New Caledonia 4,449 2003 90 Andorra 4,144 2004 91 El Salvador 4,084 2003 92 Mauritius 3,985 2003 93 Cote d'Ivoire 3,795 2004 94 Macedonia 3,738 2004 95 Liechtenstein 3,727 2004 96 Morocco 3,627 2004 97 Kuwait 3,437 2001 98 Egypt 3,401 2004 99 Mozambique 3,249 2003 100 Ecuador 3,188 2003 101 Namibia 3,164 2003 102 Jordan 3,160 2004 103 Uganda 2,692 2004 104 Greenland 2,642 2004 105 Belize 2,613 2003 106 Armenia 2,206 2004 107 Honduras 1,944 2003 108 Botswana 1,920 2003 109 Sri Lanka 1,882 2003 110 Zambia 1,880 2003 111 San Marino 1,763 2004 112 Antigua and Barbuda 1,665 2003 113 Cuba 1,529 2003 114 Rwanda 1,495 2003 115 Jamaica 1,480 2003 116 Swaziland 1,401 2003 117 Bahrain 1,334 2003 118 Nigeria 1,142 2004 119 Sao Tome and Principe 1,069 2003 120 Eritrea 1,047 2004 121 Uzbekistan 1,040 2003 122 Mongolia 1,000 2004 123 Bhutan 985 2003 124 Laos 937 2003 125 Aruba 923 2001 126 Nepal 917 2003 127 Algeria 897 2004 128 Benin 879 2004 129 Cambodia 818 2003 130 Madagascar 773 2003 131 Oman 726 2003 132 Djibouti 702 2004 133 Dominica 681 2003 134 Senegal 672 2003 135 Guyana 613 2003 136 Azerbaijan 586 2004 137 Gambia, The 568 2004 138 Monaco 533 2004 139 Maldives 532 2003 140 Turkmenistan 524 2004 141 Vanuatu 512 2003 142 Fiji 493 2003 143 Cameroon 479 2004 144 Albania 455 2004 145 Burkina Faso 442 2003 146 Ghana 407 2004 147 Solomon Islands 398 2003 148 Papua New Guinea 389 2003 149 Guinea 380 2004 150 Vietnam 340 2003 151 Bahamas, The 302 2003 152 Tunisia 281 2004 153 Sierra Leone 277 2004 154 Seychelles 264 2003 155 Qatar 221 2004 156 Barbados 204 2003 157 Mali 187 2003 158 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 153 2003 159 Yemen 138 2004 160 Niger 134 2003 161 Lesotho 119 2003 162 Netherlands Antilles 119 2001 163 Cape Verde 118 2004 164 Gabon 93 2004 165 Macau 89 2003 166 Togo 82 2003 167 Tajikistan 69 2004 168 Libya 67 2003 169 Saint Kitts and Nevis 51 2003 170 Congo, Republic of the 46 2003 171 Saint Lucia 41 2003 172 Mauritania 25 2003 173 Burundi 22 2003 174 Grenada 18 2003 175 Suriname 18 2003 176 Malawi 18 2003 177 Angola 17 2003 178 Liberia 14 2004 179 Comoros 11 2003 180 Syria 11 2004 181 Ethiopia 9 2003 182 Holy See (Vatican City) 9 2004 183 Chad 8 2004 184 Central African Republic 6 2002 185 Marshall Islands 6 2003 186 Somalia 4 2004 187 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4 2003 188 Burma 3 2003 189 Equatorial Guinea 3 2004 190 Guinea-Bissau 2 2004 191 Bangladesh 1 2003
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2185
Rank Country Investment (gross fixed)(% of GDP) Date of Information
1 Azerbaijan 65.10 2004 est. 2 Equatorial Guinea 50.80 2004 est. 3 Mozambique 47.00 2004 est. 4 China 46.00 2004 est. 5 Zambia 41.40 2004 est. 6 Lesotho 39.60 2004 est. 7 Seychelles 39.50 2004 est. 8 Vietnam 36.60 2004 est. 9 Angola 34.50 2004 est. 10 Guyana 34.50 2004 est. 11 Belize 33.60 2004 est. 12 Jamaica 32.00 2004 est. 13 Sao Tome and Principe 31.50 2004 est. 14 Iran 31.30 2004 est. 15 Burkina Faso 29.10 2004 est. 16 Czech Republic 29.00 2004 est. 17 Turkmenistan 29.00 2004 est. 18 Korea, South 28.70 2004 est. 19 Croatia 28.60 2004 est. 20 Estonia 28.20 2004 est. 21 Nicaragua 28.00 2004 est. 22 Singapore 27.40 2004 est. 23 Greece 27.00 2004 est. 24 Malta 26.40 2004 est. 25 Eritrea 26.30 2002 26 Algeria 26.20 2004 est. 27 Latvia 26.10 2004 est. 28 Lebanon 26.00 2004 est. 29 Congo, Republic of the 25.80 2004 est. 30 Botswana 25.50 2004 est. 31 Spain 25.40 2004 est. 32 Australia 25.30 2004 est. 33 Gambia, The 25.30 2004 est. 34 Panama 25.00 2004 est. 35 Slovenia 24.90 2004 est. 36 Chad 24.70 2004 est. 37 Tunisia 24.50 2004 est. 38 Honduras 24.10 2004 est. 39 Japan 24.00 2004 est. 40 Slovakia 24.00 2004 est. 41 Chile 23.90 2004 est. 42 Kazakhstan 23.90 2004 est. 43 Ireland 23.80 2004 est. 44 India 23.80 2004 est. 45 Iceland 23.80 2004 est. 46 Swaziland 23.60 2004 est. 47 Bangladesh 23.50 2004 est. 48 Romania 23.30 2004 est. 49 Qatar 22.90 2004 est. 50 Hungary 22.80 2004 est. 51 Hong Kong 22.70 2004 est. 52 Austria 22.60 2004 est. 53 Mauritius 22.50 2004 est. 54 Thailand 22.50 Jan - Sep 2004 est. 55 Sri Lanka 22.40 2004 est. 56 Morocco 22.40 2004 est. 57 Uganda 22.40 2004 est. 58 New Zealand 22.40 2004 est. 59 Portugal 22.30 2004 est. 60 Tajikistan 22.00 2004 est. 61 Lithuania 21.90 2004 est. 62 Belarus 21.80 2004 est. 63 Gabon 21.80 2004 est. 64 Malaysia 21.70 2004 est. 65 Guinea 21.00 2004 est. 66 Cambodia 20.90 2004 est. 67 United Arab Emirates 20.80 2004 est. 68 Ecuador 20.60 2004 est. 69 Switzerland 20.40 2004 est. 70 Senegal 20.10 2004 est. 71 Rwanda 20.00 2004 est. 72 Netherlands 19.90 2004 est. 73 Armenia 19.80 2004 est. 74 Brazil 19.80 2004 est. 75 Denmark 19.80 2004 est. 76 Luxembourg 19.80 2004 est. 77 Ghana 19.70 2004 est. 78 Namibia 19.60 2004 est. 79 European Union 19.50 2004 est. 80 Canada 19.40 2004 est. 81 Mexico 19.40 2004 est. 82 Trinidad and Tobago 19.40 2004 est. 83 Benin 19.30 2004 est. 84 Italy 19.30 2004 est. 85 Costa Rica 19.20 2004 est. 86 France 19.20 2004 est. 87 Cape Verde 19.20 2004 est. 88 Belgium 19.10 2004 est. 89 Togo 19.10 2004 est. 90 Russia 19.10 2004 est. 91 Dominican Republic 18.90 2004 est. 92 Ukraine 18.80 2004 est. 93 Bulgaria 18.60 2004 est. 94 Georgia 18.50 2004 est. 95 Albania 18.40 2004 est. 96 Poland 18.40 2004 est. 97 Argentina 18.30 2004 est. 98 Finland 18.30 2004 est. 99 Paraguay 18.10 2004 est. 100 Nigeria 18.00 2004 est. 101 Taiwan 18.00 2004 est. 102 Cyprus 17.90 2004 est. 103 Ethiopia 17.80 2004 est. 104 Peru 17.80 2004 est. 105 Germany 17.60 2004 106 Israel 17.60 2004 est. 107 Macedonia 17.50 2004 est. 108 Norway 17.50 2004 est. 109 Turkey 17.30 2004 est. 110 Saudi Arabia 17.20 2004 est. 111 Moldova 17.10 2004 est. 112 Kyrgyzstan 17.00 2004 est. 113 Philippines 17.00 2004 est. 114 South Africa 16.70 2004 est. 115 El Salvador 16.60 2004 est. 116 Indonesia 16.60 2004 est. 117 Pakistan 16.40 FY03/04 est. 118 Syria 16.30 2004 est. 119 Tanzania 16.20 2004 est. 120 United Kingdom 16.20 2004 est. 121 Cameroon 16.10 2004 est. 122 Yemen 16.10 2004 est. 123 Sudan 16.00 2004 est. 124 Colombia 15.80 2004 est. 125 Sweden 15.80 2004 est. 126 Egypt 15.80 2004 est. 127 United States 15.70 2004 est. 128 Guatemala 14.90 2004 est. 129 Kenya 14.70 2004 est. 130 Madagascar 14.70 2004 est. 131 Serbia and Montenegro 14.40 2004 est. 132 Papua New Guinea 13.60 2004 est. 133 Oman 13.50 2004 est. 134 Venezuela 12.90 2004 est. 135 Bahrain 12.80 2004 est. 136 Jordan 11.60 2004 est. 137 Cote d'Ivoire 11.30 2004 est. 138 Cuba 11.20 2004 est. 139 Burundi 10.70 2004 est. 140 Malawi 10.70 2004 est. 141 Bolivia 10.40 2003 est. 142 Burma 10.20 2004 est. 143 Libya 9.90 2004 est. 144 Zimbabwe 9.90 2004 est. 145 Uruguay 9.60 2004 est. 146 Kuwait 8.00 2004 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2186
Rank Country Public debt(% of GDP) Date of Information
1 Malawi 228.30 2004 est. 2 Lebanon 177.90 2004 est. 3 Japan 164.30 2004 est. 4 Jamaica 146.10 2004 est. 5 Zambia 127.50 2004 est. 6 Seychelles 122.80 2004 est. 7 Argentina 118.00 June 2004 est. 8 Greece 112.00 2004 est. 9 Italy 105.60 2004 est. 10 Israel 104.50 2004 est. 11 Sri Lanka 104.30 2004 est. 12 Egypt 102.70 2004 est. 13 Singapore 102.50 2004 est. 14 Belgium 96.20 2004 est. 15 Jordan 85.80 2004 est. 16 Serbia and Montenegro 80.00 2004 est. 17 Sudan 79.70 2004 est. 18 Saudi Arabia 75.00 2004 est. 19 Cyprus 74.90 2004 est. 20 Cote d'Ivoire 74.80 2004 est. 21 Kenya 74.30 2004 est. 22 Turkey 74.30 2004 est. 23 Philippines 74.20 September 2004 est. 24 Honduras 74.10 2004 est. 25 Uganda 73.90 2004 est. 26 Pakistan 71.40 2004 est. 27 Morocco 70.20 2004 est. 28 Nicaragua 69.50 2004 est. 29 Panama 69.20 2004 est. 30 Cameroon 69.10 2004 est. 31 France 67.70 2004 est. 32 Vietnam 65.90 2004 est. 33 Germany 65.80 2004 est. 34 United States 65.00 2004 est. 35 Austria 64.20 2004 est. 36 Bahrain 63.80 2004 est. 37 Moldova 63.40 2004 est. 38 Portugal 61.50 2004 est. 39 Dominican Republic 61.10 2004 est. 40 India 59.70 2004 est. 41 Papua New Guinea 59.30 2004 est. 42 Tunisia 59.20 2004 est. 43 Hungary 58.30 2004 est. 44 Costa Rica 58.00 2004 est. 45 Switzerland 57.20 2004 est. 46 Indonesia 56.20 2004 est. 47 Netherlands 55.80 2004 est. 48 Senegal 55.20 2004 est. 49 Trinidad and Tobago 54.40 2004 est. 50 Spain 53.20 2004 est. 51 Zimbabwe 52.30 2004 est. 52 Brazil 52.00 2004 est. 53 Colombia 51.80 2004 est. 54 Sweden 51.60 2004 est. 55 Poland 49.90 2004 est. 56 Ecuador 49.20 2004 est. 57 Thailand 47.60 November 2004 est. 58 Finland 46.80 2004 est. 59 Slovakia 46.60 2004 est. 60 Yemen 46.40 2004 est. 61 South Africa 45.90 2004 est. 62 Malaysia 45.40 2004 est. 63 Peru 44.10 2004 est. 64 Venezuela 43.10 2004 est. 65 Bangladesh 43.00 2004 est. 66 Denmark 42.50 2004 est. 67 Bulgaria 41.90 2004 est. 68 El Salvador 41.70 2004 est. 69 Croatia 41.70 2004 est. 70 Uzbekistan 41.50 2004 est. 71 United Kingdom 39.60 2004 est. 72 Paraguay 39.20 2004 est. 73 Namibia 38.50 2004 est. 74 Algeria 37.40 2004 est. 75 Iceland 35.90 2004 est. 76 Czech Republic 33.50 2004 est. 77 Norway 33.10 2004 est. 78 Taiwan 32.40 2004 est. 79 Guatemala 32.00 2004 est. 80 Syria 32.00 2004 est. 81 Slovenia 31.50 2004 est. 82 China 31.40 2004 est. 83 Ireland 31.20 2004 est. 84 Kuwait 29.60 2004 est. 85 Gabon 29.30 2004 est. 86 Mauritius 29.20 2004 est. 87 Russia 28.20 2004 est. 88 Iran 27.00 2004 est. 89 Lithuania 25.20 2004 est. 90 Ukraine 24.70 2004 est. 91 Romania 23.60 2004 est. 92 Mexico 23.50 2004 est. 93 New Zealand 22.10 2004 est. 94 Korea, South 21.30 2004 est. 95 Macedonia 20.00 2004 est. 96 Nigeria 20.00 2004 est. 97 Azerbaijan 18.90 2004 est. 98 United Arab Emirates 17.60 2004 est. 99 Australia 17.40 2004 est. 100 Kazakhstan 13.70 2004 est. 101 Chile 12.80 2004 est. 102 Latvia 11.80 2004 est. 103 Oman 10.30 2004 est. 104 Libya 8.80 2004 est. 105 Botswana 8.60 2004 est. 106 Estonia 5.40 2004 est. 107 Tanzania 5.00 2004 est. 108 Hong Kong 2.10 2004 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
Rank code: @2187
Rank Country Current account balance Date of Information
1 Japan $ 170,200,000,000 2004 est. 2 Germany $ 73,590,000,000 2004 est. 3 Saudi Arabia $ 51,500,000,000 2004 est. 4 Russia $ 46,040,000,000 2004 est. 5 Switzerland $ 40,950,000,000 2004 est. 6 Norway $ 30,520,000,000 2004 est. 7 China $ 30,320,000,000 2004 est. 8 Canada $ 28,200,000,000 2004 est. 9 Korea, South $ 26,780,000,000 2004 est. 10 Sweden $ 24,080,000,000 2004 est. 11 Taiwan $ 21,160,000,000 2004 est. 12 Netherlands $ 19,900,000,000 2004 est. 13 Hong Kong $ 14,850,000,000 2004 est. 14 Venezuela $ 14,590,000,000 2004 est. 15 Kuwait $ 12,040,000,000 2004 est. 16 Algeria $ 11,900,000,000 2004 est. 17 Malaysia $ 11,810,000,000 2004 est. 18 Belgium $ 11,400,000,000 2004 est. 19 Finland $ 11,390,000,000 2004 est. 20 Libya $ 9,895,000,000 2004 est. 21 Singapore $ 8,800,000,000 2004 est. 22 Brazil $ 8,000,000,000 2004 est. 23 Indonesia $ 7,338,000,000 2004 est. 24 Thailand $ 6,736,000,000 2004 est. 25 Denmark $ 6,529,000,000 2004 est. 26 United Arab Emirates $ 6,300,000,000 2004 est. 27 Argentina $ 5,473,000,000 2004 est. 28 Nigeria $ 5,228,000,000 2004 est. 29 Qatar $ 5,187,000,000 2004 est. 30 India $ 4,897,000,000 2004 est. 31 Ukraine $ 4,584,000,000 2004 est. 32 Philippines $ 3,600,000,000 2004 est. 33 Oman $ 2,674,000,000 2004 est. 34 Chile $ 2,185,000,000 2004 est. 35 Egypt $ 2,113,000,000 2004 est. 36 Iran $ 2,100,000,000 2004 est. 37 Trinidad and Tobago $ 1,548,000,000 2004 est. 38 Pakistan $ 1,400,000,000 2004 est. 39 Syria $ 1,100,000,000 2003 40 Morocco $ 765,400,000 2004 est. 41 Dominican Republic $ 762,200,000 2004 est. 42 Bulgaria $ 682,900,000 2004 est. 43 Bahrain $ 586,100,000 2004 est. 44 Uzbekistan $ 461,900,000 2004 est. 45 Yemen $ 369,900,000 2004 est. 46 Botswana $ 337,000,000 2004 est. 47 Chad $ 330,200,000 2004 est. 48 Mauritius $ 284,100,000 2004 est. 49 Bolivia $ 273,000,000 2004 est. 50 Congo, Republic of the $ 266,000,000 2004 est. 51 Ecuador $ 261,100,000 2004 est. 52 Honduras $ 258,300,000 2003 est. 53 Namibia $ 234,300,000 2004 est. 54 Bangladesh $ 216,600,000 2004 est. 55 Israel $ 211,900,000 2004 est. 56 Jordan $ 203,200,000 2004 est. 57 Gabon $ 196,800,000 2004 est. 58 Uruguay $ 181,800,000 2004 est. 59 Turkmenistan $ 114,000,000 2004 est. 60 Ghana $ 83,870,000 2004 est. 61 Tunisia $ 71,850,000 2004 est. 62 Papua New Guinea $ 29,150,000 2004 est. 63 Gambia, The $ -16,400,000 2004 est. 64 Haiti $ -27,630,000 2004 est. 65 Peru $ -30,000,000 2004 est. 66 Sao Tome and Principe $ -31,500,000 2004 est. 67 Paraguay $ -36,110,000 2004 est. 68 Angola $ -37,880,000 2004 est. 69 Kazakhstan $ -39,020,000 2004 est. 70 Slovenia $ -51,640,000 2004 est. 71 Tajikistan $ -52,000,000 2004 est. 72 Malawi $ -55,500,000 2004 est. 73 Burundi $ -59,500,000 2004 est. 74 Laos $ -80,760,000 2004 est. 75 Swaziland $ -82,400,000 2004 est. 76 Kyrgyzstan $ -87,920,000 2004 est. 77 Cape Verde $ -93,760,000 2004 est. 78 Seychelles $ -98,420,000 2004 est. 79 Mozambique $ -101,200,000 2004 est. 80 Lesotho $ -108,300,000 2004 est. 81 Belize $ -115,000,000 2004 est. 82 Togo $ -125,600,000 2004 est. 83 Guyana $ -129,400,000 2004 est. 84 Eritrea $ -144,900,000 2004 est. 85 Moldova $ -148,400,000 2004 est. 86 Cameroon $ -149,100,000 2004 est. 87 Benin $ -159,900,000 2004 est. 88 Zambia $ -181,400,000 2004 est. 89 Burma $ -185,000,000 2004 est. 90 Cuba $ -185,100,000 2004 est. 91 Rwanda $ -212,500,000 2004 est. 92 Zimbabwe $ -230,300,000 2004 est. 93 Armenia $ -240,400,000 2004 est. 94 Malta $ -241,000,000 2004 est. 95 Madagascar $ -281,900,000 2004 est. 96 France $ -305,000,000 2004 est. 97 Guinea $ -308,300,000 2004 est. 98 Macedonia $ -311,000,000 2004 est. 99 Cambodia $ -316,200,000 2004 est. 100 Tanzania $ -327,400,000 2004 est. 101 Cote d'Ivoire $ -421,500,000 2004 est. 102 Kenya $ -459,200,000 2004 est. 103 Ethiopia $ -464,400,000 2004 est. 104 Panama $ -469,600,000 2004 est. 105 Burkina Faso $ -471,700,000 2004 est. 106 Albania $ -504,000,000 2004 est. 107 Senegal $ -518,800,000 2004 est. 108 Iraq $ -560,000,000 2003 est. 109 Iceland $ -570,000,000 2004 est. 110 Equatorial Guinea $ -578,600,000 2004 est. 111 Sri Lanka $ -587,300,000 2004 est. 112 Uganda $ -590,800,000 2004 est. 113 Cyprus $ -619,900,000 2004 est. 114 Georgia $ -632,900,000 2004 est. 115 Sudan $ -763,600,000 2004 est. 116 Jamaica $ -830,700,000 2004 est. 117 Nicaragua $ -843,100,000 2004 est. 118 El Salvador $ -880,500,000 2004 est. 119 Costa Rica $ -980,300,000 2004 est. 120 Belarus $ -1,119,000,000 2004 est. 121 Estonia $ -1,169,000,000 2004 est. 122 Latvia $ -1,251,000,000 2004 est. 123 Guatemala $ -1,381,000,000 2004 est. 124 Slovakia $ -1,400,000,000 2004 est. 125 Lithuania $ -1,600,000,000 2004 est. 126 Colombia $ -1,706,000,000 2004 est. 127 Croatia $ -1,925,000,000 2004 est. 128 Vietnam $ -2,061,000,000 2004 est. 129 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ -2,100,000,000 2004 est. 130 Lebanon $ -2,389,000,000 2004 est. 131 South Africa $ -2,480,000,000 2004 est. 132 Ireland $ -2,881,000,000 2004 est. 133 Azerbaijan $ -2,899,000,000 2004 est. 134 Serbia and Montenegro $ -3,008,000,000 2004 est. 135 Austria $ -3,283,000,000 2004 est. 136 Romania $ -3,631,000,000 2004 est. 137 New Zealand $ -3,647,000,000 2004 est. 138 Poland $ -3,831,000,000 2004 est. 139 Mexico $ -4,113,000,000 2004 est. 140 Czech Republic $ -5,730,000,000 2004 est. 141 Hungary $ -7,941,000,000 2004 est. 142 Greece $ -8,000,000,000 2004 est. 143 Portugal $ -8,120,000,000 2004 est. 144 Turkey $ -15,300,000,000 2004 est. 145 Italy $ -21,100,000,000 2004 est. 146 Spain $ -30,890,000,000 2004 est. 147 United Kingdom $ -33,460,000,000 2004 est. 148 Australia $ -38,300,000,000 2004 est. 149 United States $ -646,500,000,000 2004 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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Rank code: @2188
Rank Country Reserves of foreign exchange and gold Date of Information
1 Japan $ 664,600,000,000 2003 2 China $ 609,900,000,000 2004 est. 3 Taiwan $ 246,500,000,000 2004 est. 4 Korea, South $ 199,100,000,000 2004 est. 5 India $ 126,000,000,000 2004 est. 6 Russia $ 124,500,000,000 3 December 2004 est. 7 Hong Kong $ 123,600,000,000 31 December 2004 est. 8 Singapore $ 112,800,000,000 2004 est. 9 Germany $ 96,840,000,000 2003 10 United States $ 85,940,000,000 2003 11 France $ 70,760,000,000 2003 12 Switzerland $ 69,580,000,000 2003 13 Italy $ 61,500,000,000 2004 est. 14 Mexico $ 60,670,000,000 2004 est. 15 Malaysia $ 55,270,000,000 2004 est. 16 Brazil $ 52,940,000,000 2004 est. 17 United Kingdom $ 48,730,000,000 2004 18 Thailand $ 48,300,000,000 2004 19 Algeria $ 43,550,000,000 2004 est. 20 Poland $ 41,880,000,000 2004 est. 21 Denmark $ 37,980,000,000 2003 22 Turkey $ 37,100,000,000 2004 est. 23 Canada $ 36,270,000,000 2003 24 Indonesia $ 35,820,000,000 2004 est. 25 Australia $ 35,140,000,000 2004 est. 26 Czech Republic $ 32,780,000,000 2004 est. 27 Iran $ 29,870,000,000 2004 est. 28 Israel $ 28,480,000,000 2004 est. 29 Venezuela $ 25,750,000,000 2004 est. 30 Libya $ 24,180,000,000 2004 est. 31 Saudi Arabia $ 23,620,000,000 2004 est. 32 Netherlands $ 21,440,000,000 2003 33 Sweden $ 19,990,000,000 2003 34 Spain $ 19,700,000,000 2004 est. 35 Argentina $ 19,470,000,000 2004 est. 36 United Arab Emirates $ 18,640,000,000 2004 est. 37 Lebanon $ 16,300,000,000 2004 est. 38 Romania $ 16,210,000,000 2004 39 Philippines $ 16,050,000,000 2004 40 Chile $ 16,020,000,000 2004 41 Morocco $ 15,140,000,000 2004 est. 42 Slovakia $ 14,910,000,000 2004 est. 43 Hungary $ 14,800,000,000 2004 est. 44 Nigeria $ 14,710,000,000 2004 est. 45 Belgium $ 14,450,000,000 2003 46 Kazakhstan $ 14,350,000,000 2004 est. 47 Egypt $ 14,030,000,000 2004 est. 48 Austria $ 12,730,000,000 2003 49 Peru $ 12,700,000,000 2004 est. 50 Pakistan $ 12,580,000,000 2004 est. 51 Portugal $ 12,300,000,000 2004 est. 52 Colombia $ 11,940,000,000 2004 est. 53 South Africa $ 11,680,000,000 2004 est. 54 Ukraine $ 11,330,000,000 2004 est. 55 Finland $ 11,170,000,000 2003 56 Croatia $ 8,563,000,000 2004 est. 57 Slovenia $ 8,493,000,000 2004 est. 58 Bulgaria $ 7,526,000,000 2004 est. 59 Kuwait $ 7,333,000,000 2004 est. 60 Greece $ 7,300,000,000 2004 est. 61 Vietnam $ 6,510,000,000 2004 est. 62 Botswana $ 5,700,000,000 2004 est. 63 Jordan $ 5,457,000,000 2004 est. 64 Yemen $ 5,300,000,000 2004 est. 65 Syria $ 5,000,000,000 2004 est. 66 New Zealand $ 4,805,000,000 2004 est. 67 Lithuania $ 4,610,000,000 2004 est. 68 Ireland $ 4,152,000,000 2003 69 Oman $ 4,144,000,000 2004 est. 70 Serbia and Montenegro $ 3,550,000,000 2004 est. 71 Tunisia $ 3,509,000,000 2004 est. 72 Cyprus $ 3,385,000,000 2004 est. 73 Qatar $ 3,351,000,000 2004 est. 74 Guatemala $ 3,084,000,000 2004 est. 75 Turkmenistan $ 3,034,000,000 2004 est. 76 Bangladesh $ 3,000,000,000 2004 est. 77 Trinidad and Tobago $ 2,927,000,000 2004 est. 78 Malta $ 2,865,000,000 2004 est. 79 Sri Lanka $ 2,475,000,000 2004 est. 80 Uruguay $ 2,362,000,000 2004 est. 81 Tanzania $ 2,175,000,000 2004 est. 82 Bahrain $ 2,141,000,000 2004 est. 83 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 2,000,000,000 2004 est. 84 Cote d'Ivoire $ 1,950,000,000 2004 est. 85 El Salvador $ 1,888,000,000 2004 est. 86 Costa Rica $ 1,736,000,000 2004 est. 87 Mauritius $ 1,676,000,000 2004 est. 88 Sudan $ 1,652,000,000 2004 est. 89 Latvia $ 1,650,000,000 2004 est. 90 Uzbekistan $ 1,603,000,000 2004 est. 91 Estonia $ 1,503,000,000 2004 est. 92 Kenya $ 1,500,000,000 2004 est. 93 Honduras $ 1,464,000,000 2004 est. 94 Ecuador $ 1,436,000,000 December 2004 est. 95 Jamaica $ 1,400,000,000 2004 est. 96 Ghana $ 1,267,000,000 2004 est. 97 Bolivia $ 1,214,000,000 2004 est. 98 Albania $ 1,206,000,000 2004 est. 99 Mozambique $ 1,206,000,000 2004 est. 100 Uganda $ 1,200,000,000 2004 est. 101 Paraguay $ 1,164,000,000 2004 est. 102 Panama $ 1,076,000,000 2004 est. 103 Cambodia $ 997,500,000 2004 est. 104 Cyprus $ 941,600,000 2004 est. 105 Iceland $ 935,000,000 2004 106 Macedonia $ 928,000,000 2004 est. 107 Ethiopia $ 923,100,000 2004 est. 108 Azerbaijan $ 875,000,000 2004 est. 109 Benin $ 839,300,000 2004 est. 110 Senegal $ 820,000,000 2004 est. 111 Angola $ 800,000,000 2004 est. 112 Belarus $ 770,200,000 2004 est. 113 Cuba $ 738,600,000 2004 est. 114 Cameroon $ 687,500,000 2004 est. 115 Nicaragua $ 670,000,000 2004 est. 116 Chad $ 652,700,000 2004 est. 117 Papua New Guinea $ 635,800,000 2004 est. 118 Burma $ 590,000,000 2004 est. 119 Armenia $ 555,000,000 2004 est. 120 Madagascar $ 500,300,000 2004 est. 121 Kyrgyzstan $ 498,700,000 2004 est. 122 Burkina Faso $ 474,900,000 2004 est. 123 Dominican Republic $ 426,000,000 2004 est. 124 Lesotho $ 402,200,000 2004 est. 125 Moldova $ 390,000,000 2004 est. 126 Namibia $ 360,000,000 2004 est. 127 Zambia $ 345,000,000 2004 est. 128 Swaziland $ 320,500,000 2004 est. 129 Guyana $ 280,600,000 2004 est. 130 Gabon $ 268,600,000 2004 est. 131 Togo $ 267,400,000 2004 est. 132 Equatorial Guinea $ 235,200,000 2004 est. 133 Georgia $ 231,400,000 2004 est. 134 Rwanda $ 210,900,000 2004 est. 135 Guinea $ 201,700,000 2004 est. 136 Laos $ 193,100,000 2004 est. 137 Malawi $ 160,500,000 2004 est. 138 Tajikistan $ 145,300,000 2004 est. 139 Gambia, The $ 113,100,000 2004 est. 140 Cape Verde $ 112,700,000 2004 est. 141 Belize $ 111,100,000 2004 est. 142 Haiti $ 80,640,000 2004 est. 143 Burundi $ 76,890,000 2004 est. 144 Seychelles $ 70,940,000 2004 est. 145 Zimbabwe $ 57,000,000 2004 est. 146 Congo, Republic of the $ 40,420,000 2004 est. 147 Eritrea $ 30,870,000 2004 est. 148 Sao Tome and Principe $ 29,780,000 2004 est.
This file was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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Appendix A - Abbreviations
ABEDA: Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
ACCT: Agency for the French-Speaking Community
ACP Group: African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States
AfDB: African Development Bank
AFESD: Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
Air Pollution: Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides: Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants: Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Air Pollution-Sulphur 85: Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long- Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30%
Air Pollution-Sulphur 94: Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long- Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds: Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes
AMF: Arab Monetary Fund
AMU: Arab Maghreb Union
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol: Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Antarctic Marine Living Resources: Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
ANZUS: Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty
Antarctic Seals: Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Arabsat: Arab Satellite Communications Organization
ARF: ASEAN Regional Forum
AsDB: Asian Development Bank
ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Autodin: Automatic Digital Network
AU: African Union
bbl/day: barrels per day
BCIE: Central American Bank for Economic Integration
BDEAC: Central African States Development Bank
Benelux: Benelux Economic Union
Biodiversity: Convention on Biological Diversity
BGN: United States Board on Geographic Names
BIS: Bank for International Settlements
BSEC: Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone
C: Commonwealth
c.i.f.: cost, insurance, and freight
CACM: Central American Common Market
CAEU: Council of Arab Economic Unity
CAN: Andean Community of Nations
Caricom: Caribbean Community and Common Market
CB: citizen's band mobile radio communications
CBSS: Council of the Baltic Sea States
CCC: Customs Cooperation Council
CDB: Caribbean Development Bank
CE: Council of Europe
CEI: Central European Initiative
CEMA: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA or Comecon
CEMAC: Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa
CEPGL: Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries
CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research
CEPT: Conference Europeanne des Poste et Telecommunications
CIS: Commonwealth of Independent States
CITES: see Endangered Species
Climate Change: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol: Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
COCOM: Coordinating Committee on Export Controls
Comsat: Communications Satellite Corporation
COMESA: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
CP: Colombo Plan
CY: calendar year
DC: developed country
Desertification: United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa
DDT: dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane
DSN: Defense Switched Network
DIA: United States Defense Intelligence Agency
DWT: deadweight ton
EADB: East African Development Bank
EAPC: Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
EBRD: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC: European Community
ECA: Economic Commission for Africa
ECE: Economic Commission for Europe
ECLAC: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECO: Economic Cooperation Organization
ECOSOC: Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS: Economic Community of West African States
ECSC: European Coal and Steel Community
EEC: European Economic Community
EFTA: European Free Trade Association
EEZ: exclusive economic zone
EIB: European Investment Bank
EMU: European Monetary Union
Endangered Species: Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)
Entente: Council of the Entente
Environmental Modification: Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ESA: European Space Agency
ESCAP: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCWA: Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
est.: estimate
EU: European Union
Euratom: European Atomic Energy Community
Eutelsat: European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
Ex-Im: Export-Import Bank of the United States
f.o.b.: free on board
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization
FAX: facsimile
FLS: Front Line States
FRG: Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany); used for information dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91
FOC: flags of convenience
FSU: former Soviet Union
FY: fiscal year
FZ: Franc Zone
G-2: Group of 2
G-3: Group of 3
G-5: Group of 5
G-6: Group of 6
G-7: Group of 7
G-8: Group of 8
G-9: Group of 9
G-10: Group of 10
G-15: Group of 15
G-11: Group of 11
G-24: Group of 24
G-77: Group of 77
GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; now WTO
GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council
GDP: gross domestic product
GDR: German Democratic Republic (East Germany); used for information dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91
GNP: gross national product
GRT: gross register ton
GSM: global system for mobile cellular communications
GWP: gross world product
GUUAM: acronym for member states - Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Moldova
Hazardous Wastes: Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
HF: high-frequency
IADB: Inter-American Development Bank
HIV/AIDS: human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome
IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency
IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization
ICC: International Chamber of Commerce
ICCt: International Criminal Court
ICJ: International Court of Justice (World Court)
ICFTU: International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross
ICRM: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
ICTR: International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
ICSID: International Center for Secretariat of Investment Disputes
ICTY: International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
IDA: International Development Association
IDB: Islamic Development Bank
IEA: International Energy Agency
IFAD: International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC: International Finance Corporation
IFRCS: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IGAD: Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
IHO: International Hydrographic Organization
ILO: International Labor Organization
IMF: International Monetary Fund
IMO: International Maritime Organization
Inmarsat: International Maritime Satellite Organization
InOC: Indian Ocean Commission
INSTRAW: International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women
Intelsat: International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
Interpol: International Criminal Police Organization
Intersputnik: International Organization of Space Communications
IOC: International Olympic Committee
IOM: International Organization for Migration
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
ITU: International Telecommunication Union
ISP: Internet Service Provider
kHz: kilohertz
km: kilometer
kW: kilowatt
kWh: kilowatt-hour
LAES: Latin American Economic System
LAIA: Latin American Integration Association
Law of the Sea: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)
LAS: League of Arab States
LDC: less developed country
LLDC: least developed country
London Convention: see Marine Dumping
LOS: see Law of the Sea
m: meter
Marecs: Maritime European Communications Satellite
Marine Dumping: Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter
Marine Life Conservation: Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas
MARPOL: see Ship Pollution
Medarabtel: Middle East Telecommunications Project of the International Telecommunications Union
Mercosur: Southern Cone Common Market
MHz: megahertz
MICAH: Internatlional Civilian Support Mission in Haiti
MINURSO: United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
MIGA: Multilateral Investment Geographic Agency
MINUSTAH: United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
MONUC: United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
NA: not available
NAM: Nonaligned Movement
NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NC: Nordic Council
NEA: Nuclear Energy Agency
NEGL: negligible
NIB: Nordic Investment Bank
NGA: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
NIC: newly industrializing country
NIE: newly industrializing economy
NIS: new independent states
nm: nautical mile
NMT: Nordic Mobile Telephone
NSG: Nuclear Suppliers Group
Nuclear Test Ban: Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water
NZ: New Zealand
OAPEC: Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
OAS: Organization of American States
OAU: Organization of African Unity; see African Union
ODA: official development assistance
OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OECS: Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
OHCHR: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
OIC: Organization of the Islamic Conference
ONUB: United Nations Operation in Burundi
OOF: other official flows
OPANAL: Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean
OPCW: Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSCE: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Ozone Layer Protection: Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer
PCA: Permanent Court of Arbitration
PDRY: People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]; used for information dated before 22 May 1990 or CY91
PFP: Partnership for Peace
PIF: Pacific Islands Forum
PPP: purchasing power parity
Ramsar: see Wetlands
RG: Rio Group
SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SACU: Southern African Customs Union
SACEP: South Asia Co-opeative Environment Programme
SADC: Southern African Development Community
SAFE: South African Far East Cable
SCO: Shanghai Cooperative Organization
SFRY: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
SHF: super-high-frequency
Ship Pollution: Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)
Sparteca: South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement
SPF: South Pacific Forum
sq km: square kilometer
sq mi: square mile
TAT: Trans-Atlantic Telephone
Tropical Timber 83: International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983
Tropical Timber 94: International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994
UAE: United Arab Emirates
UDEAC: Central African Customs and Economic Union
UHF: ultra-high-frequency
UK: United Kingdom
UN: United Nations
UNAMSIL: United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
UNCLOS: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also know as LOS
UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDCP: United Nations Drug Control Program
UNDOF: United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
UNDP: United Nations Development Program
UNEP: United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
UNFICYP: United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus
UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund
UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF: United Nations Children's Fund
UNICEP: United Nations International Comparison Program
UNICRI: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
UNIDIR: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research
UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIFIL: United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNITAR: United Nations Institute for Training and Research
UNMEE: United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea
UNMIK: United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
UNMIL: United Nations Mission in Liberia
UNMISET: United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor
UNMOGIP: United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
UNMOVIC: United Nations Monitoring, Verification, and Inspection Commission
UNOMIG: United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
UNOCI: United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire
UNOPS: United Nations Office of Project Services
UNRISD: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
UNRWA: United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
UNSC: United Nations Security Council
UNSSC: Untied Nations System Staff College
UNTSO: United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
UNU: United Nations University
UPU: Universal Postal Union
US: United States
USSR: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union); used for information dated before 25 December 1991
USSR/EE: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/Eastern Europe
UV: ultra violet
VHF: very-high-frequency
VSAT: very small aperture terminal
WADB: West African Development Bank
WAEMU: West African Economic and Monetary Union
WCL: World Confederation of Labor
WCO: World Customs Organization
Wetlands: Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat
WEU: Western European Union
WFP: World Food Program
WFTU: World Federation of Trade Unions
Whaling: International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
WHO: World Health Organization
WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization
WMO: World Meteorological Organization
WP: Warsaw Pact
WTO: World Trade Organization note - see WToO for World Tourism Organization
WToO: World Tourism Organization
YAR: Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen]; used for information dated before 22 May 1990 or CY91
ZC: Zangger Committee
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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Appendix B - International Organizations and Groups
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): established - 25 July 1994
aim - to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues of common interest and concern
members - (24) Australia, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, China, EU, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, US, Vietnam
ASEAN plus 3 (APT): established - 16 December 1997
aim - to coordinate areas of cooperation ranging from agriculture to information technologies
members - (13) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
African Development Bank (AfDB): note - its predecessor was Organization of African Unity (OAU)
established - 9 September 1999
aim - to promote economic and social development
regional members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
nonregional members - (24) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
African Union (AU): note - replaces Organization of African Unity (OAU)
established - 8 July 2001
aim - to achieve greater unity among African States; to defend states' integrity and independence; to accelerate political, social, and economic integration; to encourage international cooperation; to promote democratic principles and institutions
members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP Group): established - 6 June 1975
aim - to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU
members - (79) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Island, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Suriname, Swiziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Agency for the French-Speaking Community (ACCT): note - formerly Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation
established - 20 March 1970; name changed 1996
aim - to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French- speaking countries
members - (50) Albania, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, France, French Community of Belgium, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Morocco, New Brunswick (Canada), Niger, Quebec (Canada), Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu
observers - (5) Czech Republic, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia, Vietnam
Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL): note - acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)
established - 14 February 1967 under the Treaty of Tlatelolco; effective - 25 April 1969 on the 11th ratification
aim - to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear weapons
members - (33) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
Andean Community of Nations (CAN): note - formerly known as the Andean Group (AG), the Andean Parliament, and most recently as the Andean Common Market (Ancom)
established - 26 May 1969; present name established 1 October 1992; effective - 16 October 1969
aim - to promote harmonious development through economic integration
members - (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA): note - also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)
established - 18 February 1974; effective - 16 September 1974
aim - to promote economic development
members - (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation Organization; note - these are all the members of the Arab League excluding Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD): established - 16 May 1968
aim - to promote economic and social development
members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq (suspended 1993), Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia (suspended 1993), Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU): established - 17 February 1989
aim - to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa
members - (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia
Arab Monetary Fund (AMF): established - 27 April 1976; effective - 2 February 1977
aim - to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs
members - (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC): established - 7 November 1989
aim - to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin
members - (21) Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, US, Vietnam
observers - (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, Pacific Islands Forum
Asian Development Bank (AsDB): established - 19 December 1966
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation
members - (45) Afghanistan, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, East Timor, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam
nonregional members - (17) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): established - 8 August 1967
aim - to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia
members - (10) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
associate member - (1) Papua New Guinea
dialogue partners - (12) Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, NZ, Russia, US, UNDP
Australia Group: established - June 1985
aim - to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical and biological weapons
members - (39) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS): established - 1 September 1951; effective - 29 April 1952
aim - to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986; Australia and the US continue to hold annual meetings
members - (3) Australia, NZ, US
Bank for International Settlements (BIS): established - 20 January 1930; effective - 17 March 1930
aim - to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements
members - (55) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Central Bank, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Montenegro, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US; note - Serbia and Montenegro have separate central banks; their links with BIS are currently under review
Benelux Economic Union (Benelux): note - acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
established - 3 February 1958; effective - 1 November 1960
aim - to develop closer economic cooperation and integration
members - (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands
Big Seven: note - membership is the same as the Group of 7
established - 1975
aim - to discuss and coordinate major economic policies
members - (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US
Big Six: note - not to be confused with the Group of 6
established - 1967
aim - to foster economic cooperation
members - (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC): established - 25 June 1992
aim - to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation
members - (12) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey, Ukraine; note - Macedonia is in the process of joining
observers - (8) Austria, Egypt, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Poland, Tunisia
Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom): established - 4 July 1973; effective - 1 August 1973
aim - to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries
members - (15) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago
associate members - (5) Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB): established - 18 October 1969; effective - 26 January 1970
aim - to promote economic development and cooperation
regional members - (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela
nonregional members - (5) Canada, China, Germany, Italy, UK
Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC): see Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa (CEMAC)
Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC): note - acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
established - 3 December 1975
aim - to provide loans for economic development
members - (10) African Development Bank (AfDB), Cameroon, Central African States Bank (BEAC), Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Kuwait
Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE): note - acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico
established - 13 December 1960 signature of Articles of Agreement; 31 May 1961 began operations
aim - to promote economic integration and development
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
nonregional members - (5) Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, Spain, Taiwan
Central American Common Market (CACM): established - 13 December 1960, collapsed in 1969, reinstated in 1991
aim - to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua; note - Panama, although not a member, pursues full regional cooperation
Central European Initiative (CEI): note - evolved from the Quadrilateral Initiative and the Hexagonal Initiative
established - 11 November 1989 as the Quadrilateral Initiative, 27 July 1991 became the Hexagonal Initiative, July 1992 its present name was adopted
aim - to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas
members - (17) Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine
Colombo Plan (CP): established - May 1950 proposal was adopted; 1 July 1951 commenced full operations
aim - to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific
members - (25) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US, Vietnam
Commonwealth (C): note - also known as Commonwealth of Nations
established - 31 December 1931
aim - to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire
members - (53) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan (suspended), Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Zambia; note - on 7 December 2003 Zimbabwe withdrew its membership from the Commonwealth
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): established - 8 December 1991; effective - 21 December 1991
aim - to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR
members - (12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Communist countries: traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of the original and the successor states are no longer Communist; see centrally planned economies
Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM): established in 1949 to control the export of strategic products and technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations; members were: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US; abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members established a new organization, the Wassenaar Arrangement, with expanded membership on 12 July 1996 that focuses on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East- West control of advanced technology
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA): note - also known as CMEA or Comecon
established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist economies and abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia (associate)
Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU): established - 3 June 1957; effective - 30 May 1964
aim - to promote economic integration among Arab nations
members - (10 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Council of Europe (CE): established - 5 May 1949; effective - 3 August 1949
aim - to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe
members - (46) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK
observers - (6) Canada, Holy See, Israel, Japan, Mexico, US
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS): established - 6 March 1992
aim - to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and transportation and communication
members - (12) Denmark, Estonia, EC, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden
Council of the Entente (Entente): established - 29 May 1959
aim - to promote economic, social, and political coordination
members - (5) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo
Customs Cooperation Council (CCC): note - see World Customs Organization (WCO)
East African Development Bank (EADB): established - 6 June 1967; effective - 1 December 1967
aim - to promote economic development
members - (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): established - 28 May 1975
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation
members - (15) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL): note - acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs
established - 20 September 1976
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation and integration
members - (3) Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO): established - 27-29 January 1985
aim - to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation, communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development
members - (10) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
associate member - (1) "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus"
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU): note - an integral part of the European Union; also known as the European Economic and Monetary Union
established - 1-2 December 1969 (proposed at summit conference of heads of government; 7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed)
aim - to promote a single market by creating a single currency, the euro; timetable - 2 May 1998: European exchange rates fixed for 1 January 1999; 1 January 1999: all banks and stock exchanges begin using euros; 1 January 2002: the euro goes into circulation; 1 July 2002 local currencies no longer accepted
members - (12) Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): established - 26 June 1945; effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and nine functional commissions (Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Commission on Population and Development, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, and Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice)
members - (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC): note - began as the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC); an extension of NATO
established - 8 November 1991; effective - 20 December 1991
aim - to discuss cooperation on mutual political and security issues
members - (46) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD): established - 8-9 January 1990 (proposals made); 15 April 1991 (bank inaugurated)
aim - to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its loans to privatization
members - (62) Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, EU, European Investment Bank (EIB), Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan
European Community (or European Communities, EC): established 8 April 1965 to integrate the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market), and to establish a completely integrated common market and an eventual federation of Europe; merged into the European Union (EU) on 7 February 1992; member states at the time of merger were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
European Free Trade Association (EFTA): established - 4 January 1960; effective - 3 May 1960
aim - to promote expansion of free trade
members - (4) Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland
European Investment Bank (EIB): established - 25 March 1957; effective - 1 January 1958
aim - to promote economic development of the EU and its predecessors, the EEC and the EC
members - (25) Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN): note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization Conseil Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire
established - 1 July 1953; effective - 29 September 1954
aim - to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only
members - (20) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
observers - (8) European Commission, India, Israel, Japan, Russia, Turkey, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), US
European Space Agency (ESA): established - 31 May 1975
aim - to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and technology
members - (15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
cooperating states - (2) Canada, Hungary
European Union (EU): note - see European Union entry at the end of the "country" listings
First World: another term for countries with advanced, industrialized economies; this term is fading from use; see developed countries (DCs)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): established - 16 October 1945
aim - to raise living standards and increase availability of agricultural products; a UN specialized agency
members - (187) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Belarus, Brunei, Liechtenstein, Russia, and Singapore (185 total); plus Cook Islands and Niue
Four Dragons: the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs) that have experienced unusually rapid economic growth; also known as the Four Tigers; this group consists of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan; these countries are included in the IMF's "advanced economies" group
Franc Zone (FZ): note - also known as Conference des Ministres des Finances des Pays de la Zone Franc
established - 1964
aim - to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are linked to the French franc
members - (16) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo
Front Line States (FLS): established to achieve black majority rule in South Africa; has since gone out of existence; members included Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
GUUAM: note-acronym standing for the member countries, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova
established - 7 June 2001
aim - commits the countries to cooperation and assistance in social and economic development, the strengthening and broadening of trade and economic relations, and the development and effective use of transport and communications, highways, and related infrastructure crossing the boundaries of the member states
members - (4) Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine; note - Uzbekistan withdrew from GUUAM 5 May 2005
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT): see the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Group of 10 (G-10): note - also known as the Paris Club; includes the wealthiest members of the IMF who provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the informal steering committee; name persists despite increased membership
established - October 1962
aim - to coordinate credit policy
members - (19) Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
nonstate participants - (4) BIS, EU, IMF, OECD
Group of 11 (G-11): note - also known as the Cartagena Group
established in 21-22 June 1984, in Cartagena, Colombia, aim was to provide a forum for largest debtor nations in Latin America; members were: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
Group of 15 (G-15): note - byproduct of the Nonaligned Movement; name persists despite increased membership
established - September 1989
aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to act as the main political organ for the Nonaligned Movement
members - (17) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, Zimbabwe
Group of 2 (G-2): informal term that came into use about 1986; to facilitate bilateral economic cooperation between the two most powerful economic giants; members were Japan, US
Group of 24 (G-24): established - 1 August 1989
aim - to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America within the IMF
members - (24) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Group of 3 (G-3): established - September 1990
aim - mechanism for policy coordination
members - (3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela
Group of 5 (G-5): established - 22 September 1985
aim - to coordinate the economic policies of five major noncommunist economic powers
members - (5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US
Group of 6 (G-6): note - also known as Groupe des Six Sur le Desarmement; not to be confused with the Big Six
established - 22 May 1984
aim - to achieve nuclear disarmament
members - (6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania
Group of 7 (G-7): note - membership is the same as the Big Seven
established - 22 September 1985
aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the seven major noncommunist economic powers
members - (7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada and Italy
Group of 77 (G-77): established - 15 June1964; October 1967 first ministerial meeting
aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing countries; name persists in spite of increased membership
members - (131 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
Group of 8 (G-8): established - October 1975
aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the developed countries (DCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between December 1975 and 3 June 1977
members - (8) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, US
Group of 9 (G-9): established - NA
aim - to discuss matters of mutual interest on an informal basis
members - (8) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Romania, Sweden
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): note - also known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
established - 25 May 1981
aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political, and military affairs
members - (6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE
Indian Ocean Commission (InOC): established - 21 December 1982
aim - to organize and promote regional cooperation in all sectors, especially economic
members - (5) Comoros, France (for Reunion), Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB): note - also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
established - 8 April 1959; effective - 30 December 1959
aim - to promote economic and social development in Latin America
members - (46) Argentina, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD): note - formerly known as Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)
established - 15-16 January 1986 as the Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development; revitalized - 21 March 1996 as the Inter- Governmental Authority on Development
aim - to promote a social, economic, and scientific community among its members
members - (7) Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): established - 26 October 1956; effective - 29 July 1957
aim - to promote peaceful uses of atomic energy
members - (137) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): note - also known as the World Bank
established - 22 July 1944; effective - 27 December 1945
aim - to provide economic development loans; a UN specialized agency
members - (184) includes all UN member countries except Andorra, Cuba, North Korea, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Nauru, and Tuvalu
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC): established - 1919
aim - to promote free trade and private enterprise and to represent business interests at national and international levels
members - (89 national committees) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Caribbean, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO): established - 7 December 1944; effective - 4 April 1947
aim - to promote international cooperation in civil aviation; a UN specialized agency
members - (188) includes all UN member countries except Dominica, East Timor, Liechtenstein, and Tuvalu (187 total); plus Cook Islands
International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH): established 17 December 1999 to promote respect for human rights; members included Argentina, Benin, Canada, France, India, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, US; closed 2001
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): established - 17 February 1863
aim - to provide humanitarian aid in wartime
members - (25 individuals) all Swiss nationals
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU): established - December 1949
aim - to promote the trade union movement
members - (231 affiliated organizations in the following 153 countries plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Holy See, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
International Court of Justice (ICJ): note - also known as the World Court
established - 3 February 1946 superseded Permanent Court of International Justice
aim - primary judicial organ of the UN
members - (15 judges) elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council to represent all principal legal systems
International Criminal Court (ICCt): established - 11 April 2002
aim - to hold all individuals and countries accountable to international laws of conduct; to specify international standards of conduct; to provide an important mechanism for implementing these standards; to ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice
members (countries that have ratified the treaty) - (97) Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Colombia, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, East Timor, Ecuador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, South Korea, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mongolia, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia
signatory states (countries that have signed, but not ratified, the treaty) - (46) Algeria, Angola, Armenia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, Comoros, Cote d'Ivoire, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Iran, Israel, Jamaica, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Madagascar, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Oman, Philippines, Russia, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Sudan, Syria, Thailand, Ukraine, UAE, US, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zimbabwe
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol): established - September 1923 set up as the International Criminal Police Commission; 13 June 1956 constitution modified and present name adopted
aim - to promote international cooperation among police authorities in fighting crime
members - (182) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
subbureaus - (14) American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, Montserrat, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands
International Development Association (IDA): established - 26 January 1960; effective - 24 September 1960
aim - to provide economic loans for low-income countries; UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate
members - (166)
The 2005 Cia World Factbook · The Wunder Library — complete classics, free to read, with narration.