Part 658

Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the US; the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation.

Map ---

Location: 44 00 N, 21 00 E -- Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Geography ---------

Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Geographic coordinates: 44 00 N, 21 00 E

Map references: Europe

Area: total area: 102,350 sq km land area: 102,136 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Kentucky note: Serbia has a total area and a land area of 88,412 sq km making it slightly larger than Maine; Montenegro has a total area of 13,938 sq km and a land area of 13,724 sq km making it slightly larger than Connecticut

Land boundaries: total: 2,246 km border countries: Albania 287 km (114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro), Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km (312 km with Serbia, 215 km with Montenegro), Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km note: the internal boundary between Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km

Coastline: 199 km (Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km)

Maritime claims: NA

International disputes: disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian republic

Climate: in the north, continental climate (cold winter and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland

Terrain: extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Daravica 2,656 m

Natural resources: oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome

Land use: arable land: 30% permanent crops: 5% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 25% other: 20%

Irrigated land: NA sq km

Environment: current issues: pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube natural hazards: destructive earthquakes international agreements: NA

Geographic note: controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast

People ------

Population: total population: 10,614,558 (July 1996 est.) Montenegro: 635,442 (July 1996 est.) Serbia: 9,979,116 (July 1996 est.)

Age structure: Montenegro - 0-14 years: 22% (male 71,075; female 67,402) Montenegro - 15-64 years: 67% (male 215,889; female 213,290) Montenegro - 65 years and over: 11% (male 27,868; female 39.918) (July 1996 est.) Serbia - 0-14 years: 21% (male 1,104,274; female 1,026,994) Serbia - 15-64 years: 66% (male 3,332,809; female 3,293,788) Serbia - 65 years and over: 13% (male 515,001; female 706,250) (July 1996 est.)

Population growth rate: Montenegro: 0.39% (1996 est.) Serbia: 0.39% (1996 est.)

Birth rate: Montenegro: 11.86 births/1,000 population (1996 est.) Serbia: 13.98 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Death rate: Montenegro: 7.76 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.) Serbia: 10.25 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Net migration rate: Montenegro: -0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.) Serbia: 0.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Sex ratio: Montenegro - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female Montenegro - under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female Montenegro - 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female Montenegro - 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female Montenegro - all ages: 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.) Serbia - at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female Serbia - under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female Serbia - 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female Serbia - 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female Serbia - all ages: 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Infant mortality rate: Montenegro: 27.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.) Serbia: 22.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)