Part Ii--(114 Less Developed Nations) Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina,

Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Energy Agency (IEA)

established--15 November 1974;

aim--established by the OECD to promote cooperation on energy matters, especially emergency oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and oil producers;

members--(21) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Finance Corporation (IFC)

established--25 May 1955, effective 20 July 1956;

aim--UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that helps private enterprise sector in economic development;

members--(133) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

established--NA November 1974;

aim--UN specialized agency that promotes agricultural development;

members--(144);

Category I--(21 industrialized aid contributors) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US;

Category II--(12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela;

Category III--(111 aid recipients) Afghanistan, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Investment Bank (IIB)

established--7 July 1970;

aim--to promote economic development;

members--(9) Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Labor Organization (ILO)

established--11 April 1919 (affiliated with the UN 14 December 1946);

aim--UN specialized agency concerned with world labor issues;

members--(148) all UN members except Albania, Bhutan, Brunei, The Gambia, Liechtenstein, Maldives, Oman, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, South Africa, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa; other members are San Marino, Switzerland ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Maritime Organization (IMO)--name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982;

established--17 March 1958;

aim--UN specialized agency concerned with world maritime affairs;

members--(132) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire;

associate member--(1) Hong Kong ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)

established--3 September 1976, effective 26 July 1979;

aim--to provide worldwide communications for maritime and other applications;

members--(55) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Liberia, Malaysia, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UAE, UK, US, USSR ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Monetary Fund (IMF)

established--22 July 1944, effective 27 December 1945;

aim--UN specialized agency concerned with world monetary stability and economic development;

members--(154) all UN members except Albania, Brunei, Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cuba, Liechtenstein, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR; other members are Kiribati, South Korea, Tonga ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Olympic Committee (IOC)

established--23 June 1894;

aim--to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games:

1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France (8-23 February);

1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain (25 July-9 August);

1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway (12-27 February);

1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States (20 July-4 August):

1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan (date NA);

members--(165) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Organization for Migration (IOM)--established as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) on NA November 1980; current name adopted 14 November 1989;

established--5 December 1951;

aim--to facilitate orderly international emigration and immigration;

members--(35) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Kenya, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Switzerland, Thailand, US, Uruguay, Venezuela;

observers--(22) Belize, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Egypt, Finland, France, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Japan, Mexico, NZ, San Marino, Somalia, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, UK, Vatican City, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

established--NA February 1947;

aim--to promote the development of international standards;

members--(72 national standards organizations) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, USSR, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia;

correspondent members--(14) Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei, Guinea, Hong Kong, Iceland, Jordan, Kuwait, Malawi, Mauritius, Oman, Senegal, UAE, Uruguay ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

established--NA 1928;

aim--to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS) in peacetime;

members--(9) 2 representatives from ICRC, 2 from LORCS, and 5 from national societies elected by the international conference of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

established--9 December 1932, effective 1 January 1934, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947;

aim--UN specialized agency concerned with world telecommunications;

members--(164) all UN members except Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Seychelles; other members are Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga, Vatican City ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)

established--20 August 1971, effective 12 February 1973;

aim--to develop and operate a global commercial telecommunications satellite system;

members--(118) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Islamic Development Bank (IDB)

established--15 December 1973;

aim--to promote Islamic economic aid and social development;

members--(43 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Latin American Economic System (LAES), also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA);

established--17 October 1975;

aim--to promote economic and social development through regional cooperation;

members--(26) Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Latin American Integration Association (LAIA), also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI);

established--12 August 1980, effective 18 March 1981;

aim--to promote freer regional trade;

members--(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela;

observers--(13) Andean Group, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Inter-American Development Bank, Organization of American States, Panama, Portugal, Spain, UN Development Program, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #League of Arab States (LAS)--see Arab League (AL) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)

established--5 May 1919;

aim--to provide humanitarian aid in peacetime;

members--(147) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe;

associate members--(2) Equatorial Guinea, Gabon ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #least developed countries (LLDCs)--that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) initially identified by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having no significant economic growth, per capita GNPs/GDPs normally less than $500, and low literacy rates; also known as the undeveloped countries;

the 41 LLDCs are--Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Yemen ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #less developed countries (LDCs)--the bottom group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), USSR/Eastern Europe (USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); mainly countries with low levels of output, living standards, and technology; per capita GNPs/GDPs are generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,000; includes the advanced developing countries, developing countries, Four Dragons (Four Tigers), least developed countries (LLDCs), low-income countries, middle-income countries, newly industrializing economies (NIEs), the South, Third World, underdeveloped countries, undeveloped countries;

the 173 LDCs are--Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Gaza Strip, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Isle of Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #low-income countries--another term for the less developed countries with below-average per capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #middle-income countries--another term for the less developed countries with above-average per capita GNPs/GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #newly industrializing countries (NICs)--former term for the newly industrializing economies; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #newly industrializing economies (NIEs)--that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that has experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their economies; formerly known as the newly industrializing countries (NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan) plus Brazil and Mexico ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Nonaligned Movement (NAM)

established--1-6 September 1961;

aim--political and military cooperation apart from the traditional East or West blocs;

members--(102 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization;

observers--(9) Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Uruguay;

guests--(11) Australia, Austria, Dominican Republic, Finland, Greece, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Nordic Council (NC)

established--16 March 1952, effective 12 February 1953;

aim--to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation;

members--(5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden; note--Denmark includes Faroe Islands and Greenland ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)

established--4 December 1975, effective 1 June 1976;

aim--to promote economic cooperation and development;

members--(5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #North--a popular term for the rich industrialized countries generally located in the northern portion of the Northern Hemisphere; the counterpart of the South; see developed countries (DCs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

established--17 September 1949;

aim--mutual defense and cooperation in other areas;

members--(16) Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)

established--NA 1958;

aim--associated with OECD, seeks to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy;

members--(23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)--see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

established--14 December 1960, effective 30 September 1961;

aim--to promote economic cooperation and development;

members--(24) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US;

special member--(1) Yugoslavia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Organization of African Unity (OAU)

established--25 May 1963;

aim--to promote unity and cooperation among African states;

members--(51) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Organization of American States (OAS)

established--30 April 1948, effective 13 December 1951;

aim--to promote peace and security as well as economic and social development;

members--(35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela;

observers--(22) Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, EC, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Vatican City ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)

established--9 January 1968;

aim--to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry;

members--(10) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

established--18 June 1981, effective 4 July 1981;

aim--to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation;

members--(7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines;

associate member--(1) British Virgin Islands ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

established--14 September 1960;

aim--to coordinate petroleum policies;

members--(13) Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)

established--22-25 September 1969;

aim--to promote Islamic solidarity and cooperation in economic, social, cultural, and political affairs;

members--(44 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization; note--Afghanistan was suspended in January 1980, but in March 1989 the self-proclaimed Afghan Interim Government based in Pakistan was given membership;

observer--(1) Turkish-Cypriot administered area of Cyprus ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Paris Club--see Group of 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

established--NA 1899;

aim--to facilitate the settlement of international disputes;

members--(75) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Population Commission

established--3 October 1946;

aim--ECOSOC organization dealing with population matters;

members--(27) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Rio Group (RG)

established--NA 1988;

aim--a consultation mechanism on regional Latin American issues;

members--(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela; note--Panama was expelled in 1988 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Second World--another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; see centrally planned economies ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #socialist countries--in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use of the major factors of production; note--the term is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for Communist countries ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #South--a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

established--8 December 1985;

aim--to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation;

members--(7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #South Pacific Commission (SPC)

established--6 February 1947, effective 29 July 1948;

aim--to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters;

members--(27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Western Samoa ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #South Pacific Forum (SPF)

established--5 August 1971;

aim--to promote regional cooperation in political matters;

members--(15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa;

observer--(1) Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Southern African Customs Union (SACU)

established--11 December 1969;

aim--to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters;

members--(9) Bophuthatswana, Botswana, Ciskei, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Transkei, Venda ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC)

established--1 April 1980;

aim--to promote regional economic development and reduce dependence on South Africa;

members--(10) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Statistical Commission

established--21 June 1946;

aim--ECOSOC organization dealing with development and standardization of national statistics;

members--(24) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Third World--another term for the less developed countries; see less developed countries (LDCs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #underdeveloped countries--refers to those less developed countries with the potential for above-average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #undeveloped countries--refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with little prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries (LLDCs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)--see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations (UN)

established--26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;

aim--to maintain international peace and security as well as promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems;

members--(159) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note--all UN members are represented in the General Assembly;

observers--(4) Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, Vatican City ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM)

established--20 December 1988;

aim--established by the UN Security Council to verify the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola;

members--(10) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Congo, Czechoslovakia, India, Jordan, Norway, Spain, Yugoslavia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS or Habitat)

established--12 October 1978;

aim--to assist in solving human settlement problems;

members--(88) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)--acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN International Children's Emergency Fund;

established--11 December 1946;

aim--to help establish child health and welfare services;

members--(41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

established--30 December 1964;

aim--to promote international trade;

members--(166) all UN members plus North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga, Vatican City ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

established--22 November 1965;

aim--to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social development;

members--(48) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)

established--31 May 1974;

aim--established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli ceasefire;

members--(4) Austria, Canada, Finland, Poland ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

established--16 November 1945, effective 4 November 1946;

aim--to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture;

members--(159) all UN members except Brunei, Liechtenstein, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, UK, US, Vanuatu; other members are Cook Islands, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga;

associate members--(3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Netherlands Antilles ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)

established--15 December 1972;

aim--to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters;

members--(58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)

established--4 March 1964;

aim--established by the UN Security Council to serve as a peacekeeping force beween Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus;

members--(8) Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, UK ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations General Assembly

established--26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;

aim--primary deliberative organ in the UN;

members--(159) all UN members are represented in the General Assembly ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

established--17 November 1966, effective 1 January 1967;

aim--UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development especially among the members;

members--(150) all UN members except Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, Chad, Djibouti, Iceland, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Western Samoa; other members are North Korea, South Korea, Switzerland, Tonga ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)

established--19 March 1978;

aim--established by the UN Security Council to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restore peace, and reestablish Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon;

members--(9) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Norway, Sweden ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)

established--9 August 1988;

aim--established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1988 Iran-Iraq ceasefire;

members--(26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ghana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Poland, Senegal, Sweden, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Zambia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)

established--13 August 1948;

aim--established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan ceasefire;

members--(8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Uruguay ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

established--3 December 1949, effective 1 January 1951;

aim--to try to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems;

members--(43) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Vatican City, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)--acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for Population Activities;

established--NA July 1967;

aim--to promote assistance in dealing with population problems;

members--(48) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

established--8 December 1949;

aim--to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees;

members--(10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, UK, US ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Secretariat

established--26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;

aim--primary administrative organ of the UN;

members--Secretary General appointed for a five-year term by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Security Council

established--26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;

aim--to maintain international peace and security;

permanent members--(5) China, France, UK, US, USSR;

nonpermanent members--(10) elected for two year terms by the UN General Assembly; Austria (1991-92), Belgium (1991-92), Cuba (1990-91), Ecuador (1991-92), India (1991-92), Ivory Coast (1990-91), Romania (1990-91), Yemen (1990-91), Zaire (1990-91), Zimbabwe (1991-92) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)

established--NA May 1948;

aim--initially established by the UN Security Council to supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli ceasefire and subsequently extended to work in the Sinai, Lebanon, Jordan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan;

members--(16) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Sweden, US, USSR ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #United Nations Trusteeship Council

established--26 June 1945, effective 24 October 1945;

aim--to supervise the administration of the UN trust territories; only one of the original 11 trusteeships remains--the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau);

members--(5) China, France, UK, US, USSR ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Universal Postal Union (UPU)

established--9 October 1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947, effective 1 July 1948;

aim--UN specialized agency that promotes international postal cooperation;

members--(168) all UN members except Antigua and Barbuda, Namibia, South Africa; other members are Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, Nauru, Netherlands Antilles, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK Overseas Territories, Vatican City ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #USSR/Eastern Europe (USSR/EE)--the middle group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), USSR/Eastern Europe (USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); these countries are in political and economic transition; this group includes Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, Yugoslavia ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Warsaw Pact (WP)--was established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense; members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states--Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR--are now in the process of ratifying this agreement ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #West African Development Bank (WADB), also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD);

established--14 November 1973;

aim--to promote economic development and integration;

members--(7) Benin, Burkina, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #West African Economic Community (CEAO)--acronym from Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest;

established--3 June 1972;

aim--to promote regional economic development;

members--(7) Benin, Burkina, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal;

observers--(2) Guinea, Togo ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #Western European Union (WEU)

established--23 October 1954, effective 6 May 1955;

aim--mutual defense and progressive political unification;

members--(9) Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Bank--see International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Confederation of Labor (WCL)

established--19 June 1920 as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968;

aim--to promote the trade union movement;

members--(93 national organizations) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guadaloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Namibia, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, UK, US, Uruguay, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Court--see International Court of Justice (ICJ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)

established--NA 1945;

aim--to promote the trade union movement;

members--(74 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, French Guiana, The Gambia, Germany, Guadaloupe, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Madagascar, Martinique, Mauritius, Mongolia, Namibia, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, USSR, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Food Council (WFC)

established--17 December 1974;

aim--ECOSOC organization that studies world food problems and recommends solutions;

members--(36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Food Program (WFP)

established--24 November 1961;

aim--ECOSOC organization that provides food aid to assist in development or disaster relief;

members--(30) selected on a rotating basis from all regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Health Organization (WHO)

established--22 July 1946, effective 7 April 1948;

aim--UN specialized agency concerned with health matters;

members--(165) all UN members except Belize, Liechtenstein; other members are Cook Islands, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, San Marino, Switzerland, Tonga ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

established--14 July 1967, effective 26 April 1970;

aim--UN specialized agency concerned with the protection of literary, artistic, and scientific works;

members--(124) Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UAE, UK, US, USSR, Uruguay, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

established--11 October 1947, effective 4 April 1951;

aim--specialized UN agency concerned with meteorological cooperation;

members--(159) all UN members except Bhutan, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Western Samoa; South Africa is included although WMO membership is suspended; other members are British Caribbean Territories, French Polynesia, Hong Kong, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Switzerland ------------------------------------------------------------------------- #World Tourism Organization (WTO)

established--2 January 1975;

aim--promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic development, international understanding, and peace;

members--(104) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, US, USSR, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe;

associate members--(4) Aruba, Macau, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico;

permanent observer--(1) Vatican City

=========================================================================