Section 411

Size of, in various units 235 Strength of the (in attack and defense) 395

RETREAT Direction of 440, 442 Rallying position 442 Reserve 442

RICOCHETS, effect of 185

RIFLE--see Rifles

RIFLEMEN 22

RIFLE-RESTS, influence of 178

RIFLES Automatic 126 Influence of various, on density of battle formations (table) 240 Used in Russo-Japanese War 127 Weight of, in various armies (table) 40

ROAD SPACE--see Depth

ROUTE COLUMN (with plate) 57 Battalion in 72 Machine gun battery 273, 274

RUSHES Advance by 82 Austria 449 England 462 Examples of the employment of 93, 94, 95 Gait to be employed in 82, 86 How made in various armies 90, 91 Italy 452 Japan 91, 463 Length of 83 Lessons of the Boer and Russo-Japanese Wars 88, 89, 90 Long or short 85, 86 Preparation for 83 Provisions of various regulations 90-91 Russia 91 Short or long 85, 86 Strength of the rushing unit 83 Time required for 83

RUSSIA Advanced positions 413 Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476 Ammunition supply 475 Regulations in re 480 Assault 381 Battalion, formations of the 69, 73 Column of platoons (plate) 62 Company, strength of (table) 35 Defensive position, views on 422 Fire, kinds of 160 Frontage 242 Front and facing distance 48 Infantry Combat 466 Tactics in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 340 Versus cavalry 315 Intrenching tool equipment of Russian companies 38 Load carried by soldier 40 Machine guns 290 Pace, length and number per minute 54 Ranges, ascertaining 143 Rushes 91 Sandbag cover, results of experiments 390 Skirmish line, formation of 80 Supply of ammunition 475, 480 Use of general reserve 397 Spade in attack 392

“S” BULLET Effect on corpses 130 Materials 131 Steel shields 324

SAND BAGS 344, 390 Results of Russian experiments 390

SCHWARZLOSE MACHINE GUN 260

SCOUTING DETACHMENTS 27, 28, 414 Use of, in reconnaissance 252

SEARCHING FIRE Artillery 321 Machine guns 263

SECONDARY ATTACK 357

SECTIONS Assignment of combat 243 Defensive position, division into combat 411 Division of the platoon into 46

SECTION COLUMN, machine gun battery 273, 274

SHARPSHOOTER PLATOONS 21

SHELL Comparison between that of field gun and howitzer 117 Percussion (Model 96) 115 Time (Model 96) 116 (Model 98) 118

SHIELDS Protection afforded by 324

SHRAPNEL Comparison between that of field gun and howitzer 117 Effect (tables) 114, 122 On animate targets 125 Incendiary effect 112 Percussion 111, 112 Time 112

SIGNAL LAMPS, use of, on battlefield 246

SIGNALS 41 Advance 41 Assemble 41 Attention 41 Charge 41 Deploy 41 Employment of, by combat patrols 80 Fix bayonet 41, 377 Halt 41 Misunderstanding of 42 Trumpet 41

SITUATION, estimate of the 11

SKI DETACHMENTS 30, 31, 32

SKI RUNNERS 30, 31, 32

SKIRMISH LINES Boer advance in thin 75 Cover, use of 256 Efficacy of fire against thin and dense (table) 77 Fire effect, as compared with machine guns 265 Formation of 78 In various armies 80 Gaits of 81 Japanese advance in thin 76, 77 Losses 81 Movements in 81, 82 Thin and dense 76, 77 Vulnerability of 186, 187

SNOW SHOE MARCHING 30, 31

SPADE Use of, in attack 387, 388, 392, 449, 457, 465, 466 Small, weight of 40

SPLINTER PROOFS 418, 420

SQUAD LEADERS Posts in close order 46, 47 Skirmish line 79

SQUADS Column of, compared with column of fours 59 (Plate) 57 Division of the company into 46 Machine gun, composition and duties of members of (Germany) 283

STAFFS, division of work in 245

STRATEGY Definitions of 4, 5, 6 Relation of tactics to 6, 7

SUPERIORITY OF FIRE 370, 371, 427

SUPPLY OF AMMUNITION Austria 475, 479 Deductions from various regulations 483 England 475, 482 France 475, 480 Germany 475, 476 Italy 475, 483 Japan 475 Russia 475, 480 Various armies (table) 475

SUPPORTS 98, 99 Advance of 100 In attack 368 Advantages of 102 Arguments against 101, 102 Commander, duties of 100 Conduct, French regulations 455 Defense 410 Deployment in attack 369 Distance from firing line 98, 99 Duties 98 Formations 100 Movements 100 Necessity 98 Purpose 98

SURPRISE 330 Examples of 331

SURRENDER, British troops in Boer War 192

SWEDEN, column of fours 58

SWEEPING FIRE Artillery 321 Machine guns 263

TACTICAL FORMATIONS, Importance of 108

TACTICAL MISSIONS, compared with united action 401

TACTICAL UNIT 32, 33, 34

TACTICS Applied 12, 13 Changes in 13, 14 Definitions of 4, 5, 6 Formal 12 Grand 12 Japanese infantry in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 341 Minor 12 Relation of strategy to 6-7 Russian infantry in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 340

TARGET, selection of a 147

TASKS Assignment of 218 Dangers of assigning 405

TELEGRAPH, FIELD, use of, on battlefield 246

TELEPHONE, FIELD, use of, in infantry combat 246

TEMPORARY OCCUPATION of a position 408

TERRAIN, importance of 254

TIMBER, advance through 332

TRAINING and drill 105, 106 Influence of, on efficacy of fire 168

TRAVERSES 417

TRENCHES 416-420 Dimensions 418

TROOP LEADING Duties of higher 366 Minor 365

TROOP UNIT 34

TRUMPET SIGNALS 41

TWOS, column of 56

UNIFORM, color of, influence on visibility 119

UNITED ACTION Compared with tactical missions 401 Dangers of 405

UNITED STATES, three-unit organization 38, 218

UNIVERSAL SERVICE, influence of, on war 4

USE OF SPADE IN ATTACK 387 Austria 449 France 457 Japan 465 Provisions of various regulations 392 Switzerland 466

VOID OF THE BATTLEFIELD 194

VOLLEY Value of the 157, 163 Trial 145

VULNERABILITY of various formations 186, 187

WAR 2, 3, 4 Importance and necessity of 2 Influence of representative government in reducing number of wars 3 Influence of universal service on 4 Lessons of, in re attack 340 Rushes 88, 89 Purpose of 4 Ultimo ratio of state policy 2, 3

WEAPONS, changes and improvements in 13

WIGWAG FLAGS, use of, in infantry action 246

WIRE CUTTERS 39

WITHDRAWAL 441 Conduct of a 441

WOLOZKOI’S THEORY of the constant cone of misses 173

WOODS, advance through 332

WOUNDS Produced by cutting weapons, (%) 384 Infantry and artillery fire, comparison 167 Jacketed bullets 129 Shrapnel bullets 125 Small arms in Russo-Japanese War, character of 127, 128

ZONE FIRE, artillery 320

INDEX OF EXAMPLES FROM MILITARY HISTORY.

=~Aiaslar~=, August 25, 1877. PAGE Ammunition, expenditure of 472

=~Albuera~=, 1811. Losses 227

=~Amiens~=, November 27, 1870. Frontage 237

=~Austerlitz.~= Attacking column, formation 44

=~Azay~=, January 6, 1871. Masks, effect of 112

=~Baalon~=, September 17, 1870. Surprise 331

=~Beaumont~=, August 30, 1870. Advance guard, deployment of 231, 232 Artillery, losses of the 327 Cavalry charge 309 Deployment of an advance guard 231, 232 Distribution in depth 231, 232 Flank attack 357 Frontage 231, 232 Frontal counter-attack 437 Ineffective rapid fire at short ranges 162 Line of platoons in columns of twos 121 Losses, artillery under infantry fire 327 Rencontre 339 Surprise 331 Woods, passage through 333

=~Beaune la Bolande~=, November 28, 1870. Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 470 Shortage of 469 Short range fire 153 Withholding the fire 152

=~Belmont~=, November 22, 1899. Night march 351

=~Boer War~=--see South African War (1899-1902).

=~Busaco.~= Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Buzanval~=, January 19, 1871. Ammunition, expenditure of 470

=~Casablanca~=, 1907. Effect of infantry fire on charging cavalry 308

=~Chagey~=, January 11, 1871. Short range fire 153

=~Champigny~=, November 30, 1870. Ammunition, expenditure and supply 471 Influence of the ground on efficacy of fire 183 Jägers, employment of 23

=~Chevilly~=, November 30, 1870. Fire while in motion 93

=~Chlum~= (Königgrätz), 1866. Flank attack 357

=~Colenso~=, December 15, 1899. Artillery under infantry fire 326 Boer position, location of 410 Density of battle line 240 Insufficient reconnaissance 340 Losses 189 Officers 190 Moral effect of fire 152, 426 Pure frontal attack 340 Reconnaissance, lack of local 249 Reserves, use of 340 Surprise 340 Withholding the fire, moral effect 152

=~Colombey~=, August 14, 1870. Attack on Aubigny 405 On the “Tannenwäldchen” 403 Frontage 237 Losses 195 Mixing of organizations 195 Moral effect of fire 199

=~Coulmiers~=, November 9, 1870. Ammunition supply 484 Reserve, employment of the 395

=~Coulomiers~=, December 15, 1870. Withholding the fire 152

=~Custozza~=, 1866. Battle lines, density of 240 Cavalry charge 302 Moral effect of a 200 Reserves, employment of 396

=~Daix~=, November 26, 1870. Ammunition, supply of 484

=~Datshishiao~=, July 24, 1904. Bayonet fight 382

=~Diamond Hill~=, 1900. Frontage 238

=~Doornkop~=, May 29, 1900. Opening fire 150

=~Etoges~=, 1814. Infantry versus cavalry 313

=~Franco-German War~= (1870-71). Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 468 Close order formations, impossibility of employing, in first line 102 Fire, efficacy of 176 Frontages 237 Losses among officers, percentage of (by arm) 20 Officers, number of, per 1000 men 51 Proportion of the various arms 19

=~Fuchau~=, 1905. Local reconnaissance 250

=~Garcia Hernandez~=, 1812. Cavalry charge 309

=~Gitschin~=, 1866. Trumpet signal, misunderstanding caused by 42

=~Gorni Bugarov~=, January 1, 1878. Frontal counter-attack 438 Short range fire 153

=~Gorni Dubniac~=, October 24, 1877. Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 473 Assault, inability to 409 Fire, ineffectiveness of uphill 183 Intrenching in attack 389 Isolated attacks with inadequate forces 223 Perseverance under fire 387 Reserves, deployment of 369 Rushes, advance by 95 Signal for attack, failure of 361 Strength, relative, of opposing forces 234

=~Gravelotte~= (St. Privat). Advance to the battlefield 67 Ammunition, expenditure 471 Artillery under infantry fire 326 Assault 376 Assaulting distance 385 Attack made by the III. Army Corps 398 Battle lines, density of 240 Close order formations under fire 103 Columns of twos, line of 121 Companies, consolidation of 36 Concentration for action 210 Density of battle lines 240 Enfilade fire 254 Envelopment 361 Fire, Artillery under infantry 326 Close order formation under 103 Columns of twos, line of, under 121 Enfilade 254 Long range 152 Pause 156 Perseverance under 108, 387 Uphill, ineffectiveness of 183 Flanking fire 254 Infantry fire, artillery under 326 Intrenchments, construction of 388 Losses, aggregate and detail 188 At various ranges 176 Franz regiment 195 Officers 33, 51, 190 Lull in the fight at Point du Jour 156 March formations 67 Mitrailleuses, employment of 260 Mixing of organizations 196 Officers, losses among 33, 51, 190 Organizations, mixing of 196 Ranges, underestimation of 142 Reconnaissance, relaxing in the 347 Reserves 398 Stragglers 196 Uphill fire against trenches, ineffectiveness of 183

=~Haicheng~=, 1904. Advanced positions, several lines of 412

=~Hallue~=, December 23, 1870. Envelopment 6 Attempted, by first line 360 Frontage 232

=~l’Hay~=, September 30, 1870. Fire while in motion 93

=~Helmstedt~=, July 25, 1866. Change of front 220

=~Hühnerwasser~=, 1866. Ammunition found on the battlefield 469

=~Karahassankioi~=, August 23, 1877. Ammunition, expenditure of 472

=~Katzbach~=, August 26, 1813. Attack in line 108

=~Kazeljevo.~= Frontal counter-attack 438

=~Kesselsdorf~=, 1745. Frontal counter-attack 437 Losses 189

=~Kinchau~=, November 26, 1904. Ammunition, expenditure of 474 Assaulting distance 385

=~Kolin~=, 1757. Losses 189

=~Königgrätz~=, July 3, 1866. Adjustment of fire facilitated by a poplar 120 Advance to the battlefield 205 Battle lines, density of 240 Cavalry charge, moral effect of a 306 Flank attack 357, 359 Jägers, employment of 23 Trumpet signal, misunderstanding caused by 42

=~Ladon~=, November 26, 1870. Envelopment 361

=~Ladonchamps~= (near Metz). Artillery fire, ineffectiveness of 120

=~Ladysmith~=, 1900. Supports 98

=~Le Bourget~=, October 30, 1870. Assaulting distance 385 Columns of twos, line of 121 Rushes 93, 94

=~Le Mans.~= Battalions, strength of 36 Gatling guns 260 Officers, number present for duty 50

=~Liao Yang~=, 1904. Ammunition, expenditure of 473, 474 Battle lines, density of 239 Fire 155 Frontage 239 Intrenching tools, use of, in attack 392 Machine guns 291 Strength of opposing forces 341 Surprise 208, 250

=~Linshinpu~=, 1904. Ammunition, expenditure of 473

=~Lisaine.~= Frontage 228

=~Loigny~=, December 2, 1870. Advance to the battlefield 67 Counter-attack 433, 435, 436 Intrenching tools, lack of 388 Wheel executed by Kottwitz’ Brigade 220

=~Lovtcha~=, September 1, 1877. Ammunition, expenditure of 472 Mixing of organizations 197 Registration mark for artillery fire 120 Rushes 95 Strength of opposing forces 234

=~Magersfontain~=, December 11, 1899. Boer position, location of 410 Convalescence of wounded 129 Dummy trenches 421 Fire surprise 133 Frontage 227, 238 Lack of reinforcements 227 Losses 189 Officers 190 Perseverance under fire 137, 387 Pure frontal attack 340 Reconnaissance, lack of local 249 Reinforcements, lack of 227 Reserves, employment of 340 Withholding the fire, moral effect of 152

=~Maida.~= Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Marengo~=, 1800. Attacking column, formation of 45

=~Mars-la-Tour~=--see Vionville.

=~Minden~=, 1757. Infantry versus cavalry 313

=~Modder River~=, November 28, 1899. Boer position, location of 410 Fire fight 132, 371 Moral effect of fire 426 Opening fire at long range 150 Perseverance under fire 132 Pure frontal attack 340 Reconnaissance, lack of 252, 340 Surprise 252, 340

=~Montoy~= (Noisseville). Surprise 332

=~Mont Valérien~=, January 19, 1871. Ammunition, shortage of 469

=~Mukden~=, 1905. Advance in thin skirmish lines 76, 77 Assault with cold steel 134 Attack, mode of Japanese 343, 344 Battle lines, density of 239, 240 Bayonet fights 382 Construction of cover in attack 344 Frontage 239 Gaps in the attacking line 239 Machine guns 292 Perseverance under fire 348 Reserves 395, 396 Sand bags, use of, in attack 344 Skirmish lines, thin 76, 77 Strength of opposing forces 341 Telephone communication 247

=~Nachod~=, 1866. Bayonet attack 153 Concentration 209 Frontage 231 Losses 153 Mixing of organizations 196 Rencontre 339

=~Nicholson’s Neck~=, October 24, 1899. Crawling 87, 88 Volleys, ineffectiveness of 157

=~Noisseville.~= Bayonet fight 382 Counter-attack 429, 433 Flank attack 358 Intrenching tools, lack of 388 Losses 332 Reconnaissance 253 Surprise 331

=~Nuits~=, December 18, 1870. Abridged attack 330

=~Oerrshikiatsy~= (Shaho), 1904. Intrenching tools, use of, in attack 388

=~Orleans~=, December 3, 1870. Counter-attack 436 Strength of German battalions 36

=~Paardeberg~=, February 18, 1900. Advance without firing 149 Convalescence of wounded 129 Crawling 87 Distribution in depth, lack of 238 Frontage 76, 227 Intrenching tools, use of, in attack 388 Opening fire at long range 150 Reinforcements, lack of 227 Skirmish lines, thin 76

=~Pieters Hill~=, February 27, 1900. Fire support 380 Frontage 238 Machine guns 289, 298

=~Plevna~=, 1877. Ammunition, expenditure of 472 Attacks with inadequate forces 222, 223 Bayonet fights 382 Combat impressions 191 Fire, opening 152 Uphill, ineffectiveness of 183 While in motion 93 Improvised units 197, 198 Intrenching tools, use of 388 Isolated attacks with inadequate forces 222, 223 Knapsacks, loss of 364 Losses among officers 190 At various ranges 152, 177 Mixing of organizations 197 Officers, losses among 190 Opening fire at long range 152 Ranges, underestimation of 142 Reserves, deployment of 369 Employment of 395 Rushes 95 Strength of opposing forces 234 Underestimation of ranges 142 Volleys 158

=~Podol~=, June 26, 1866. Jägers 23

=~Poplar Grove~=, March 7, 1900. Advance in attack formation 206 Attack formation of a brigade 207 Frontage 238

=~Russo-Japanese War.~= Advance in thin skirmish lines 76, 77 Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 473 Formations under artillery fire 321, 322 Frontage 238 Infantry attack 137, 340 Local reconnaissance 250 Machine guns 290 Rushes 89 Strength of opposing forces 341 Wounds, character of 128

=~Russo-Turkish War~=, 1877-78. Ammunition, expenditure of 472 Attacks 222, 223 Frontal counter-attacks 438 Losses 176

=~St. Privat~=--see Gravelotte.

=~St. Quentin~=, January 19, 1871. Attack on Grugies, isolated 403 Bayonet attack 103

=~Sandepu~=, 1904. Losses among officers 190

=~Sapignies.~= Cavalry charge 302

=~Scheinovo~=, January 9, 1878. Ammunition, expenditure of 94, 95, 473 Cavalry charge 303 Losses 94, 95 Rushes 94, 95 Simultaneous attack 361

=~Sedan.~= Ammunition, expenditure of 469 Cavalry charge 308, 310, 311 Losses among officers 51 Mixing of organizations 197 Packs, removal of 469

=~Shaho~=, 1904. Advanced positions 348 Artillery, capture of 326 Attack formation of a brigade 343 Battle lines, density of 239 Frontage 239 Infantry attack 343 Intrenching tools, use of 388 Machine guns 292 Reserves 396

=~Shiliho~=, 1905. Attack 344 Rushes 90

=~Shipka Pass~=, 1877. Short range fire 153

=~Skalitz~=, 1812. Jägers 23 Mixing of organizations 196

=~Slivnica~=, November 17 and 19, 1885. Losses at long ranges 177

=~Solferino~=, 1859. Bayonet fight 382 Battle lines, density of 240

=~Soor~=, 1745. Losses 189 Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Soor~=, 1866. Jägers 23

=~South African War~= (1899-1902). Assaults 379 Crawling 87, 88 Front, overextension of 238 Lessons gained from the 88, 340 Machine guns 289 Mounted infantry 25 Rushes 88 Skirmish lines, thin 75 Surrenders 192 Wounds, character of 129

=~Spicheren.~= Advance in assembly formation 210 Ammunition, expenditure of 469 Attack, orders for 349 Change of front 220 Concentration 210 Counter-attack 436 Envelopment 357, 358, 360 Formation in echelon and in line 74, 226 Front, change of 220 Frontage 226 Knapsacks, loss of 364 Losses 195 Mixing of organizations 196, 226 Orders for attack 349 Stragglers 195

=~Spionskop~=, 1900. Crawling 88 Losses at short ranges, insignificant 178, 189 Reserves 340

=~Tagliamento~=, 1797. Attack formations 45

=~Tashkessen~=, January 1, 1878. Ammunition, expenditure of 473 Frontal counter-attack 438

=~Tel el Kebir~=, 1882. Night attack 233

=~Terrayama~= (Temple Hill), October 11, 1904. Attack 343 Bayonet fight 382 Intrenching tools, use of 388

=~Tobitschau~=, 1866. Cavalry charge 313

=~Towan~=, 1904. Perseverance under fire 348

=~Trautenau~=, 1866. Bayonet attack 153 Jägers 23 Packs, removal of 364 Rencontre 339 Trumpet signal, misunderstanding caused by 42

=~Tsinortun~=, August 26, 1904. Counter-attack 435

=~Tugela~= (Pieters Hill), 1900. Rushes 95

=~Tuminling Pass~=, 1904. Losses, officers 190

=~Vauxchamps~=, February 14, 1814. Infantry versus cavalry 313

=~Villepion~=, December 1, 1870. Holding wavering troops 382 Intrenching tools, use of 388

=~Villermain-Cravant~=, 1870. Flank march along hostile front 360

=~Villiers~=, October 30, 1870. Influence of the ground on the efficacy of fire 183

=~Vimiero.~= Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Vionville.~= Abridged attack 330 Advance in broad formations 67 Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 469, 470 Artillery fire diverted by infantry 327 Cavalry charge 302, 304, 311, 313 Moral effect of 302 Preparation by artillery fire 313 Close order formations, losses in 102, 103 Concentration 209 Cover, use of 257 Direction of retreat 440 Flanking fire 254 Losses in close order formations 102, 103 Officers 190 Masks 120 Moral effect of a cavalry charge 302, 303 Packs, removal of 364 Rencontre 339 Reserves, employment of 397 Retreat 440 Trumpet signal, misunderstanding caused by 42 United attack, necessity of a 403 Volley fire, ineffectiveness of 164

=~Vouziers~=, December 15, 1870. Surprise 331

=~Wafangu~=, June 15, 1904. Attack 341 Communication 247 Distribution in depth, excessive 223 Envelopment 341, 359

=~Wagram~=, 1809. Attacking column, formation of 44, 45

=~Waterberg~=, 1904. Assaulting guidons 355 Machine guns, employment of 283

=~Waterloo~=, 1815. Attacking column, formation of 44, 45 Battle lines, density of 240 Concentration 209 Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Weiszenburg~=, August 2, 1870. Losses among officers 51, 190 Masks 120

=~Wörth~=, August 6, 1870. Assault 376 Assaulting distance 385 Attack, orders to 349 Battle lines, density of 240 Cavalry charge 310, 311 Change of front 220 Colors 69 Concentration 209 Counter-attack 433 Distance, elimination of, during advance 72 Distribution in depth 224 Fire while in motion 93 Interference by the commander-in-chief 248 Losses 227 Officers 51 Relative, officers and men 190 Mixing of organizations 196 Moral effect of fire 191 Officers, losses among 51 Orders to attack 349 Packs, removal of 364 Panic 440 Passage through woods 333 Reserve, employment of the 395 Stragglers 196 Supports 224 Uphill fire 183 Woods, passage through 254

=~Yalu~=, 1904. Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 473 Attack 341 Bayonet fight 382 Losses, officers 190 Machine guns 291

=~Yangtsuling~=, 1904. Attack 343

=~Yoshirei~=, July 31, 1904. Formations under artillery fire 321, 323

=~Yuhuntun~=, 1905. Perseverance under fire 348

=~Yuputz~=, March 1, 1905. Sand bags, use of 390

=~Yushuling~=, 1904. Intrenching tools, use of 388

=~Zella.~= Counter-attack 433

Transcriber’s Notes

Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text, not all elements may display as intended.

The language used in this text is that of the printed book, including the use of inconsistent, erroneous, unusual or archaic spelling, hyphenation, capitalisation, punctuation, etc., except as indicated under Changes below. This applies to proper and geographical names and non-English words and phrases as well; accents and diacriticals have not been added or corrected unless mentioned below.

The use of physical units has not been corrected; for example, the author regularly uses m for speed, kgm for energy, etc.

In addition to the abbreviations given on page xxi, the book regularly uses differently abbreviated or shortened titles (sometimes single words) or translations of references; this has not been standardised.

Page ix, Table of Contents: the differences between the Table of Contents and the headings in the text have not been rectified. Apart from (minor) differences in wording, not all headings in the text occur in the Table of Contents, and not all entries in the Table of Contents occur as headings in the text. Any auto-generated Table of Contents may therefore differ from the one on page ix ff.

Page 71, “in double column of twice the width of front”: the source document was unclear at this point, the text might also have read “in double column or twice the width of front”.

Page 183, 187: (Général) Le Joindre is the author of the publication, but his name is presented here as part of the title.

Page 195, troop diagram: due to width restrictions, the diagram had to be split into two rows (as it was in the printed book).

Page 475: The table appears to contain totals that do not agree with the data provided. Since it is not clear where the error was made, these calculations have been left as they were: row Germany, last column; row Austria, last column but one; row France, last column.

The table contains footnote markers, but there are no corresponding footnotes on this or the following pages. In an earlier edition of the book, the footnotes (using the numbering from the table in this text) were as follows:

The strength of a company is assumed as 200 men (England excepted). 10 Cartridges packed in a box. New “D” ammunition. During the Russo-Japanese war.

Changes made

Some minor obvious typographical and punctuation errors have been corrected silently; some tables have been split or re-arranged for better readability.

Footnotes and illustrations have been moved outside text paragraphs.

Spaced and non-spaced and italicised or regular “i.e.” and “Ibid./ibid.” have been standardised to “i.e.” and “Ibid.”/“ibid.” “Minarelli Fitzgerald” has been standardised to “Minarelli-Fitzgerald”.

Page 8: “sans le comprendre” and “sans le faire” changed to “sans la comprendre” and “sans la faire”.

Various pages: “Wald und Ortsgefecht” and “Gruppen und Einheitsangriff” have been changed to “Wald- und Ortsgefecht“ and “Gruppen- und Einheitsangriff”.

Page 11, footnote : opening quote marks inserted before When one attempts ....

Page 93: closing quote marks inserted after ... (300-400 paces).

Page 143, footnote : closing quote mark deleted at end of footnote.

Page 162: “... seit dem Jahre, 1900,” changed to “ ... seit dem Jahre 1900,”

Page 180: B′, C′ and D′ in the text have been changed to B, C and D cf. the illustration. Footnote : angles have been transcribed α, β and γ for consistency with the illustration and the text.

Page 195: Negrier changed to Négrier; footnote anchor inserted.

Page 229: closing quote mark inserted after ... the size of this echelon.

Page 253: “Patrouillen und Radfahrkommandos” changed to “Patrouillen- und Radfahr-Kommandos”.

Page 257: “and that cover to be utilized only” changed to “and that cover be utilized only”.

Page 265, table: the column header “Machine gun” has been considered to be a heading a single column only.

Page 304, footnote : closing quote mark inserted after ... of units in rear.

Page 324: “Csicseries v. Bacsany” changed to “Csicserics v. Bacsany”; “Feldgeschüts” changed to “Feldgeschütz”.

Page 354: closing quote mark inserted after ... the advance of the attacker’s infantry.

Page 355: “veritable bouclier” changed to “véritable bouclier”.

Page 395: “Helwig” changed to “Helvig”.

Page 399: footnote : “pp. 484 and 558” changed to “pp. 484 and 558”; footnote : “Les Expéditions de Tonkins” changed to “Les Expéditions de Tonkin”.

Page 429: closing quote mark inserted after ... or for making a counter-attack.

Page 458, footnote : “détachments de couverture” changed to “détachements de couverture”.

Indexes: some entries moved to their proper alphabetical order.

Page 513: page number 363 changed to 263 (entry Machine guns, Kinds of fire, Switzerland).