Part 123

Ibid. ch. 25, fol. 1 r^o.

The appellation of 狐偃 Hu Yen, mentioned in ch. 39 under the year 637.

王子城父 Wang-tzŭ Ch‘êng-fu, ch. 32, year 607.

The mistake is natural enough. Native critics refer to the 越絶書, a work of the Han dynasty, which says (ch. 2, fol. 3 v^o of my edition): 巫門外大冢吳王客齊孫武冢也去縣十里善爲兵法 “Ten li outside the Wu gate [of the city of 吳 Wu, now Soochow in Kiangsu] there is a great mound, raised to commemorate the entertainment of Sun Wu of Ch‘i who excelled in the art of war, by the King of Wu.”

孫子者吳人也善爲兵法辟幽居世人莫知其能.

君臣乖心則孫子不能以應敵.

孫武以三萬破楚二十萬者楚無法故也.

The Shih Chi, on the other hand, says: 臏亦孫武之後世子孫也. I may remark in passing that the name 武 for one who was a great warrior is just as suspicious as 臏 for a man who had his feet cut off.

An allusion to 易經, 繫辭, II. 2: 弦木爲弧剡木爲矢弧矢之利以威天下 “They attached strings to wood to make bows, and sharpened wood to make arrows. The use of bows and arrows is to keep the Empire in awe.”

論語 XII. 7.

書經 V. iv. 7.

易經, 7th diagram (師).

詩經 III. 1. vii. 5.

司馬法 ch. 1 (仁本) ad init. The text of the passage in the 圖書 T‘u Shu (戎政典, ch. 85) is: 是故殺人安人殺之可也.

The son and successor of Ho Lu. He was finally defeated and overthrown by 勾踐 Kou Chien, King of Yüeh, in 473 B.C. See post.

King Yen of 徐 Hsü, a fabulous being, of whom Sun Hsing-yen says in his preface: 仁而敗 “His humanity brought him to destruction.” See Shih Chi ch. 5, f. 1 v^o and M. Chavannes’ note, Mémoires Historiques, tom. II, p. 8.

T‘u Shu, ibid. ch. 90: 操聞上古有弧矢之利論語曰足兵尙書八政曰師易曰師 貞丈人吉詩曰王赫斯怒爰征其旅黃帝 湯武咸用干戚以濟世也司馬法曰人故殺人殺之可也恃武 者滅恃文者亡夫差偃王是也聖人之用兵戢而時動不得已而用之.

The passage I have put in brackets is omitted in the T‘u Shu, and may be an interpolation. It was known, however, to 張守節 Chang Shou-chieh of the T‘ang dynasty, and appears in the T‘ai P‘ing Yü Lan.

Ts‘ao Kung seems to be thinking of the first part of chap. II, perhaps especially of § 8.

吾觀兵書戰策多矣孫武所著深矣孫子者齊人也名武爲吳王闔閭作兵法一十三篇試之 婦人卒以爲將西破强楚入郢北威齊晉後百歲餘有孫臏是武之後也審計重舉明畫深圖不可相誣 而但世人未之深亮訓說況文煩富行於世者失其旨要故撰爲略解焉.

漢書藝文志，兵權謀.

The 宋藝文志 mentions two editions of Sun Tzŭ in 3 chüan, namely 孫武孫子 and 朱服校定孫子.

See chap. XI.

吳王召孫子問以兵法每陳一篇王不知口之稱善.

按此皆釋九地篇義辭意甚詳故其篇帙不能不多也.

Such as the 八陣圖, quoted in 鄭玄 Chêng Hsüan’s commentary on the Chou Li, the 戰鬭大甲兵法 and 兵法雜占, mentioned in the 隋志 Sui Chih, and the 三十二壘經, in the Hsin T‘ang Chih.

On the other hand, it is noteworthy that 吳子 Wu Tzŭ, which is now in 6 chapters, has 48 assigned to it in the Han Chih. Likewise, the 中庸 Chung Yung is credited with 49 chapters, though now in one only. In the case of such very short works, one is tempted to think that 篇 might simply mean “leaves.”

See T‘u Shu, 經籍典, ch. 442, 彚考 2.