Part 17

F fall, determining area of, 13-14, 24, 26 see also oval-shaped areas of fall falls, witnessed, 11-22, 23-34, 67, 68-72, 82, 84-95 Farrington, O. C., 178 farmers as meteorite finders, 28, 30, 75-6 Fermi (Enrico) Institute, 168 fireballs, 2, 10, 11-13, 23-5, 54, 69, 84-92, 102, 106, 149, 151 fishermen net meteorite, 78 fixes, 84-90 “flanged buttons,” 135, 136 flight-path, see trajectory Flows meteorite, 82 footwarmer, meteorite used as, 78 “fossil” meteorites, 144-6 funnels, impact and penetration, 20, 29, 32, 33, 42, 44 Furnas County stone, 29, 31, 32-4, 128, 178 see also Norton County fall fusion crust, 20, 21, 130, 132, 140, 148, 172

G Galle, J. G., 92 gamma-ray spectroscopy, 171 Geminid shower, 114 Giacobinid shower, 103, 114, 115 Giacobini-Zinner comet, 114 glass, 138, 145 see also silica-glass; tektites Glorieta iron, 126 great-circle distributions, 140-3

H Harvard meteor-photographs, 110-1 Haviland craters, 50, 52, 65, 66 Hayden Planetarium, 129 height, 88, 90, 105, 106 Henbury craters, 50, 65 Hey, M. H., 178 hexahedrites, 119, 120 Holbrook stone shower, 128 Howard, E., 155-7 hunting meteorites, methods of, 84-100

I “ices,” 106 Illinois Gulch iron, 76 impactites, 143-5 India, Museum of the Geological Survey of, 41 Indians, 41, 76, 150 Institute for Nuclear Studies, 168 Institute of Meteoritics, 5, 24, 26-32, 80, 84, 96, 168, 169, 171 intersecting lines of sight, 84-90 interstellar space, 92, 171 irons, 19, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 48, 73, 75, 76, 78, 82, 99, 116, 118, 120, 121, 128, 129, 133, 143, 150, 155, 163, 167, 174-5, 179

J Jones, W. B., 179 Jupiter, 102, 142, 160, 161, 164

K Kaalijarv crater, 65 kamacite, 124 Kasamatsu stone, 74 Kayser, E., 92 Kenton iron, 75 Kilbourn stone, 74 Klepesta, J., 2 Krasnoyarsk iron, 155

L laboratory procedures, 5, 81, 83, 118, 120, 128, 167-71 La Caille meteorite, 78 L’Aigle stone shower, 157, 158 Lake Murray iron, 77, 79, 80-3 Lake Okeechobee stone, 78 LaPaz, L., 178, 179 largest meteorites, see weights and weighing of meteorites Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Academy of Science of, 158 Leonard, F. C., 178 Leonid shower, 114, 115 Lick Creek iron, 76 Londonderry Laboratory for Radiochemistry, 168 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 171 “lost” meteorites, 38, 40, 41, 80, 82, 95 lunar craters, 60-4, 179 see also moon, craters on Lyrid shower, 112, 114

M magic attributed to meteorites, see superstitions Mars, 160, 161 “Martian spaceship,” 60 Maximilian I, 152-4 Mazapil iron, 116 Mebane, A. D., 177 Medvedev, P. I., 10 Merrill, G. P., 178 Mesaverde iron, 76 metals, meteorites as sources of, 174-5 meteorite detectors, 48, 52, 96-100, 178 meteoriteless meteorite crater, 56 meteorite-planet hypothesis, 140, 160, 163, 174 meteorite showers, 73-4, 128, 157, 158, 159 meteorites, true or false, 130-3 meteoritics, 5, 104, 166-7 meteors, 101-17 meteor showers, 103, 111, 112-116, 117, 152, 153 meteor steel, 167 micro-meteorites, see dust, meteoritic minerals in meteorites, 120-6, 156, 163 miners as meteorite finders, 70, 76, 144 mining in space, 162, 174-6 Montezuma temple iron, 76 moon, 60-4, 140, 170 moon, craters on, 60-4, 179 Morito iron, 128 Moscow, Academy of Sciences at, 20 Mount Darwin, Tasmania, crater, 65; silica-glass, 143 Mount Joy iron, 75-6 Murfreesboro iron, 76

N “natural nuclear explosion,” 60 Neumann, J., 158 nickel-iron, 19, 32, 96, 98, 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 132, 143, 150, 161, 163, 170, 174 Norton County fall, 23-34, 90, 93, 94, 96, 126, 128, 130, 168 Novo-Urei stone, 82

O obsidian mistaken for tektite, 138-9 octahedrites, 120, 121 Odessa crater, 43, 44, 52, 65, 66, 75 oldest collection of meteorites, 76 oldest crater, 52 Olivier, C. P., 116, 177 Opava irons, 76 orbits, 108-112, 160, 161 origin of meteorites, 160, 163, 164, 174 Orionid shower, 112, 114 oval-shaped areas of fall, 32, 89, 94, 159 ownership of meteorites, 36, 38

P Pallas, P. S., 155 pallasites, 122, 155 Pantar stone shower, 74 parallax and parallactic displacement, 105, 106 Paris, Museum of Natural History at, 38, 158 paths of meteors, 84-94, 116 see also earth-trace; orbits; speeds; trajectory; velocity patterns, structural, 120, 121, 172 Pawnee Indians, 41 Peary, R. E., 36, 37, 128 Perry, S. H., 179 Perseid shower, 114, 115 person struck by meteorite, 70-2, 178, 179 piezoglyphs, 131, 132 Pittsburgh iron, 78, 80 plessite, 124 plotting meteor paths, 116 Plymouth meteorite, 75 Podkamennaya Tunguska fall, 50, 54-60, 65, 102 polishing meteorites, 5, 118, 120, 123 Port Orford stony-iron, 40 Prague Observatory, 2 Prior, G. T., 178 Proctor, R. A., 164 Pultusk fireball, 92 Purdue University, 170 pure science, 166 “purloined” meteorite, 36, 39

Q Quadrantid shower, 114

R radiant of meteor shower, 112, 113 radioactivities, 5, 60, 133, 138, 168, 170-1 Rafrüti iron, 78 rainfall, connected with meteor showers, 117 random distribution, 62 ray-craters, 60-4 recoveries of meteorites, 14-22, 24, 26-8, 31, 33, 35, 75-82, 84-100 Red River iron, 41 re-entry, 172, 173 reports, eyewitness, 23, 24, 84, 86, 90, 92, 94-5 reversed matter, 56, 58-60 Richland iron, 75 Rigel, 92 rocketry, 110, 174-6 Rojansky, V., 58

S sacred meteorites, 147-50 see also superstitions San Emigdio stone, 80 satellites, man-made, 172 Saturn’s rings, 142 sawing meteorites, 81, 167-9 Schiaparelli, G. V., 177 Schmidt, J. F. J., 149 schreibersite, 124 Scottsville iron, 76 Seeläsgen iron, 75 Shakespeare, meteors mentioned by, 152 shale balls, 48, 133 shapes of meteorites, 18, 32, 126-8, 134-7, 140, 172 Shirihagi iron, 150 “shooting stars,” 104 showers, meteor, 103, 111, 112-116, 117, 152, 153 showers, meteorite, 73, 74, 128, 157, 158, 159 Siena fall, 156 Sikhote-Alin fall, see Ussuri silica-glass, 50, 54, 143 see also glass; tektites silicate-siderites, 122, 123 Sirius, 92 “skymarks,” 92 smallest meteorites, 48, 128 see also dust, meteoritic Solar System, 5, 111, 164, 175-6 sounds made by falling meteorites, 11, 12, 24, 25,26, 94-5, 148, 159 space exploration and ships, 5, 168, 170-6 space-probes, 170-1 space mining, 162, 174-6 spectra and spectrograms, meteor, 107 spectroscopy, gamma-ray, 171 speeds, 21, 32, 107, 108, 109, 110-12, 126, 172 Spencer, L. J., 179 stainless steel, 120, 122, 167 stones, meteoritic, 28-34, 35, 70, 71-2, 73-4, 78, 80, 82, 118, 120-4, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 148, 156-7, 163 stony-irons, 40-1, 118, 122, 124, 163 strata, effect of impact on, 43, 44-5, 48-51 superstitions about meteors and meteorites, 25, 56, 82, 134, 136, 147-52, 154 swarms, meteorite, 50 swarms, meteor-particle, 111, 112, 114 Swindel, G. W., Jr., 179 “swords from heaven,” 150 Sylacauga stone, 71-2, 74, 179

T taenite, 124 tektite-obsidian test, 138-9 tektites, 134-146, 160 tests for true meteorites, 130-3 “thumb-prints,” 131, 132 trajectory, 90, 92, 173 tritium, 170 Tucson iron, 128 Tungus, see Podkamennaya Tunguska twice-found meteorites, 76 Tycho, lunar ray-crater, 61

U University of California Radiation Laboratory, 58 University of Chicago, 168 University of New Mexico, 24, 30 see also Institute of Meteoritics University of Nebraska, 30, 80 U. S. National Museum, 40, 158 Ussuri fall, 10, 11-34, 42, 50, 54, 65, 130

V vaporization, 102, 107, 116, 126, 128, 143, 145, 162, 172, 174 velocity, 107, 108, 109, 171, 179 Venus, 102, 162 Verbeek, R. D. M., 140 Vienna, National History Museum of, 41, 158 volcanic theories, 138, 155, 156, 164

W Wabar craters, 50, 65, 143, 162 Wasiutynski, J., 63-4, 179 water, meteorites under, 78 waves, air and water, 12, 54-5 weather, effect of meteoritic dust on, 117 weathering of meteorites, 38, 48, 52, 53, 54, 66, 133, 144 weights and weighing of meteorites, 35, 36, 128, 130 White, C. S., 179 Widmanstätten pattern, 120, 121, 122, 158 Whipple, F. L., 177, 179 Willamette iron, 36, 128, 129 Wold Cottage meteorite, 156 Wolf Creek crater, 52, 53, 65, 75, 133

Y Yale University, 41 young people and meteoritics, 23, 24, 28, 34, 39, 90, 98, 99, 116 see also reports, eyewitness

Z Zhovtnevy Hutor fall, 82

FOOTNOTES

Also called aerolites.

The meteorites from this crater-producing fall have been found in both Haviland and Brenham Townships, Kiowa County, Kansas. Either of these names may therefore appear in the literature.

The meteorites from this crater-producing fall have been found in both Haviland and Brenham Townships, Kiowa County, Kansas. Either of these names may therefore appear in the literature.

453.59 grams = 1 pound.

A questionnaire for making an adequate report is obtainable by request from the Institute of Meteoritics, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

Readers who are advanced enough in astronomy to attempt plotting the meteor paths can get the proper star-maps and record sheets for this purpose by joining the American Meteor Society. Members must be at least 18 years old, but applicants between 14 and 18 can become probational members. For details write to Dr. C. P. Olivier, President, American Meteor Society, 521 North Wynnewood Avenue, Narberth, Pennsylvania.

Quite recently, a fourth division, the tektites (discussed in the next chapter), has been recognized by some authorities.