CHAPTER XXIII.. Utilization and Reclamation of Alkali Land,

UTILIZATION AND RECLAMATION OF ALKALI LAND, 455.—Alkali-resistant Crops, 455.—Counteracting Evaporation, 455.—Turning-under of Surface Alkali, 456.—Shading, 457.—Neutralizing Black Alkali, 457.—Removing the Salts from the Soils, 458.—Scraping off, 458.—Leaching-Down. Figure, 459.—Underdrainage, the Final and Universal Remedy for Alkali, 460.—Possible Injury to Land by Excessive Leaching, 462.—Difficulty in Draining “Black” Alkali Land, 462.—Swamping of Alkali Land, 463.—Removal of Alkali Salts by Certain Crops, 463.—Tolerance of Alkali by Culture Plants, 463.—Relative Injuriousness of the several Salts. Effects on Sugar Beets, 464.—Table of Tolerances; Comments on same, 467.—Saltbushes and Native Grasses. Australian Saltbushes, 469.—Modiola; Native and Cultivated Grasses, 469.—Other Herbaceous Crops, 472.—Legumes, 472.—Mustard Family, 473.—Sunflower Family, 473.—Root Crops, 474.—Stem Crops, 475.—Textile Plants, 475.—Shrubs and Trees, 475.—Vine, Olive, Date, Citrus Trees. Deciduous Orchard Trees. Timber and Shade Trees, 475.—Inducements toward the Reclamation of Alkali Lands, 481.—Wheat on Reclaimed Land at Tulare; Figure, 482.—Need of Constant Vigilance, 484.