Section 4, Changed This to “more Than Two Families.” but the Whole

thing was repealed by 1892, chapter 419, section 138, so that since 1892 there has been no definition at all of a tenement house in the health code of Boston.

Footnote 10:

Entrance to nine houses within these blocks was prevented by owners—seven of the houses belonging to one person. While the Board of Health badge was worn by the investigator, no actual authority was conferred therewith, so that entrance to houses or apartments could not be insisted upon.

Footnote 11:

These 2,154 apartments make up 98 per cent of all occupied apartments in the houses investigated. In the case of a few of the remaining apartments, information was refused by tenants; in most cases, however, the apartments were not investigated because tenants could not be found at home during the day, neighbors stating that they were absent regularly at work.

Footnote 12:

A very few apartments were occupied by two families; hence the slightly greater number of families than of apartments covered.

Footnote 13:

See topographical map prepared for the National Board of Health in 1880 by Spielman & Brush. The only copy known to exist is in the Jersey City Public Library.

Footnote 14:

Very little overcrowding was found in apartments of more than four rooms.

Footnote 15:

John Wanamaker’s Store, of which Mr. Brewer is General Manager [Editor].

Footnote 16:

Vol. 1, No. 4. May, 1902.

Footnote 17:

See “The Government Factory Bill of 1900,” by Gertrude M. Tuckwell, the Honorary Secretary of the Women’s Trade Union League. Fortnightly Review for June, 1900.

Footnote 18:

Translated from the French by D. E. Martell, Ph. D., late Fellow in Romanic Languages, University of Pennsylvania.

Footnote 19:

Eighteen volumes published by the Minister of Industry and Labor (Brussels, 1900 and 1901). We draw the greater part of these references from “General Statement of Methods and Results of the Census” (Brussels, 1902), which this publication completes.

Footnote 20:

A penal law of May 28, 1888, relative to the protection of children employed in the itinerant professions, forbids the feats of strength and dangerous exercises, inhuman, or of a nature to affect the health of children and youths under eighteen, employed by those who carry on the profession of acrobats and mountebanks, etc.

Footnote 21:

There exists a special regulation which puts under authorization and special watchfulness those industrial establishments, which, by their nature, threaten the safety, health and convenience of the public, or offer certain dangers to the health and safety of the workmen who are employed there. These establishments are known as “Classified Establishments.”

Footnote 22:

See particularly the discourse of M. Renkin, Catholic Deputy of Brussels, proceedings of June 13 and July 2, 1901.

Footnote 23:

This discussion is based upon the Report of the U. S. Industrial Commission, Vol. V, on Labor Legislation.

Footnote 24:

Report of the U. S. Industrial Commission, Vol. V, pp. 100–101. N. H., Me., Mass., Vt., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Penna., Ohio, Ind., Ill., Mich., Wis., Minn., Neb., Del., Mo., N. Dak., S. Dak., Ga., La., D. C., Wash., Mont., Wy., Md., Cal., Tenn. These range from complete acts, like those of N. Y. and Mass., to fire-escape provisions only, as in N. H., Me., Del., Va., Ga. etc., while Ala., the Carolinas, etc., are still entirely outside of the group.

Footnote 25:

Child labor.—(14 yrs.) Mass., Conn., N. Y., Ind., Ill., Mich., Wis., Minn., Col.; (girls 14 yrs., and boys 12 yrs.), N. J., La.; (13 yrs.), Penna., Ohio; (12 yrs.), Me., R. I., Wis., Md., W. Va., N. Dak., Tenn.

Footnote 26:

Hours of labor.—(Women and minors), Mass., Me., N. H., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Penna., Wis., Neb., S. Dak., N. Dak., Okla., Va., La.; (Minors), Ind., Vt., Ohio, Ill., Mich., Minn.; Cal., Md., Ga.

Footnote 27:

Night work and meal hours.—N. Y., Mass., Neb., Ind., Mich.; (meal hours), La., Penna., Ohio.

Footnote 28:

Ibid., p. 40.

Footnote 29:

Report of the U. S. Industrial Commission, Vol. V, p. 100.

Footnote 30:

Studnitz Nordamerikanische Arbeiterverhältnisse.

Footnote 31:

Industrial Commission, Vol. V, p. 48.

Footnote 32:

Report of Industrial Commission (1900), Vol. V (pp. 3–4).

Footnote 33:

Ibid., p. 10.

Footnote 34:

See pamphlet upon “Child Labor in Alabama,” “An Appeal to the People and Press of New England, with a Resulting Correspondence,” obtainable from the secretary of the Alabama Child Labor Committee, P. O. Box 347 Montgomery, Alabama, and from Room 614, 205 East Twenty-second Street, New York City.

Footnote 35:

Alabama Child Labor Committee: Edgar Gardner Murphy, Rector of St. John’s Episcopal Church, Montgomery; Thomas G. Jones, ex-Governor of Alabama; Lucien V. Lataste, Montgomery: J. H. Phillips, Superintendent of Schools, Birmingham; John Craft, Member of Legislature, Mobile; A. J. Reilly, Member of the Legislature, Ensley.

Footnote 36:

J. H. Nichols, Treasurer, Alabama City Mill, Boston Evening Transcript, October 30.

Footnote 37:

Report of Industrial Commission Vol. V, p. 10. J. W. Daniel, dissenting.

Footnote 38:

Report of Industrial Commission, Vol. V., pp. 4, 5, 7·

Footnote 39:

Ibid., p. 6.

Footnote 40:

Report of Industrial Commission, Vol. V., p. 9.

Footnote 41:

41 Neb., 127. Nebraska (1899, 197).—No female shall be employed in any manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishments, hotel or restaurant in this state more than sixty hours during any week, and ten hours shall constitute a day’s labor. The hours of each day may be so arranged as to permit employment of such females at any time from six o’clock in the morning to ten o’clock in the evening; but in no case shall such employment exceed ten hours in any one day.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 3. Re-indexed footnotes using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter. 4. Enclosed italics font in underscores. 5. Enclosed bold font in =equals=.