Part 1

Transcriber’s Notes:

Underscores “” before and after a word or phrase indicate italics_ in the original text. Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold= in the original text. A single underscore after a symbol indicates a subscript. Carat symbol “^” designates a superscript. A bold arrow in front of a letter indicates a vector, e.g. ⮕M means “the vector M”. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs. Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected.

SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEMS 1963

=Edited By=

=JAMES EMMETT GARVEY= Office of Naval Research Pasadena, California

=ACR-96=

=OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON, D.C.=

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402—Price $1.50

CONTENTS

Foreword iv

The Ionic Hypothesis and Neuron Models 1 —E. R. Lewis

Fields and Waves in Excitable Cellular Structures 19 —R. M. Stewart

Multi-Layer Learning Networks 37 —R. A. Stafford

Adaptive Detection of Unknown Binary Waveforms 46 —J. J. Spilker, Jr.

Conceptual Design of Self-Organizing Machines 52 —P. A. Kleyn

A Topological Foundation for Self-Organization 65 —R. I. Ścibor-Marchocki

On Functional Neuron Modeling 71 —C. E. Hendrix

Selection of Parameters for Neural Net Simulations 76 —R. K. Overton

Index of Invited Participants 77

FOREWORD

The papers appearing in this volume were presented at a Symposium on Self-Organizing Systems, which was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and held at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, on 14 November 1963. The Symposium was organized with the aim of providing a critical forum for the presentation and discussion of contemporary significant research efforts, with the emphasis on relatively uncommon approaches and methods in an early state of development. This aim and nature dictated that the Symposium be in effect a Working Group, with numerically limited invitational participation.

The papers which were presented and discussed did in fact serve to introduce several relatively unknown approaches; some of the speakers were promising young scientists, others had become known for contributions in different fields and were as yet unrecognized for their recent work in self-organization. In addition, the papers as a collection provided a particularly broad, cross-disciplinary spectrum of investigations which possessed intrinsic value as a portrayal of the bases upon which this new discipline rests. Accordingly, it became obvious in retrospect that the information presented and discussed at the Symposium was of considerable interest—and should thus receive commensurate dissemination—to a much broader group of scientists and engineers than those who were able to participate directly in the meeting itself. This volume is the result of that observation; as an edited collection of the papers presented at the Symposium, it forms the Proceedings thereof. If it provides a useful reference for present and future investigators, as well as documenting the source of several new approaches, it will have fulfilled its intended purpose well.

A Symposium which takes the nature of a Working Group depends for its utility especially upon effective commentary and critical analysis, and we commend all the participants for their contributions in this regard. It is appropriate, further, to acknowledge the contributions to the success of the Symposium made by the following: The California Institute of Technology for volunteering to act as host and for numerous supporting services; Professor Gilbert D. McCann, Director of the Willis Booth Computing Center at the California Institute of Technology, and the members of the technical and secretarial staffs of the Computing Center, who assumed the responsibility of acting as the immediate representatives of the Institute; the members of the Program Committee, who organized and led the separate sessions—Harold Hamilton of General Precision, Joseph Hawkins of Ford Motor Company, Robert Stewart of Space-General, Peter Kleyn of Northrop, and Professor McCann; members of the Technical Information Division of the Naval Research Laboratory, who published these Proceedings; and especially the authors of the papers, which comprised the heart of the Symposium and subsequently formed this volume. To all of these the sponsors wish to express their very sincere appreciation.

JAMES EMMETT GARVEY Office of Naval Research Branch Office Pasadena, California

MARGO A. SASS Office of Naval Research Washington, D.C.

The Ionic Hypothesis and Neuron Models

E. R. LEWIS

Librascope Group, General Precision, Inc. Research and Systems Center Glendale, California