Appendix I.

Table of Movements and Settlements of various Nationalities and Tribes in the Provinces bordering on the Lower Danube between the Getic period and about the end of the Thirteenth Century, A.D., compiled by the Author, and corrected from the Ancient Historians (Tacitus, Dion Cassius, Eutropius) and the works of Gibbon, Smith, Lesage, Engel, Lauriani, Neigebaur, Henke, Wilkinson, Merivale, Freeman, Dierauer, Roesler, Pic, and others.

+--------------+--------------------------------------------+------------------+ | | APPROXIMATE DATES OF | | |NATIONALITY +-----------+-----------+----------+---------+ | |or TRIBE, with|First | |By whom |Final | Remarks | |supposed |appearance |Term of |and when |Disappea-| | |Subdivisions |in Danubian|Domination|Conquered|rance | | | |Provinces | | | | | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |Believed to be of | |GETÆ--Getæ | 335 B.C. | ? | ? | ? |Thracian origin; | |and Dacians | | | | |not clearly | | | | | | |traceable. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |The Dacians rose | | |(Successors| | | |against the Romans| | |of or | |Romans | |under Ant. Pius | | DACIANS |contempo- | ? B.C. to |(Trajan), | See |and at other | | |rary with | A.D. 106 |A.D. 106 | Remarks |times, but were | | |Getæ) | | | |probably fused | | | | | | |with the Romans | | | | | | |and the barbarians| | | | | | |who followed them.| +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |A considerable | | | | | | |proportion of the | | | | |Withdrew | |Roman and Daco- | | ROMANS |1st century|106 A.D. to|before the| ? |Roman descendants | | |B.C. |274 A.D. |Goths | |fused with | | | | |about 274 | |succeeding tribes,| | | | |A.D. | |and their descen- | | | | | | |dants survive in | | | | | | |Roumania to-day. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |About 376 A.D. | | | | | | |they crossed the | | | | | | |Danube, driven | |GOTHS-- | | | | |before the Huns, | |Ostrogoths, | 250 A.D. |274 to 375 |Huns, 375 | 378 A.D.|and were allowed | |Visigoths, | |A.D. |A.D. | |to settle with | |Gepidæ | | | | |other tribes in | | | | | | |Moesia. Sometimes | | | | | | |the Goths and Huns| | | | | | |were allied. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ |Sarmatians, | | | | |The Sarmatians | |Quadi, | | | | |fought against the| |Marcomanni | | | | |Romans at various | |invaded Dacia | |282 to 375 |Romans, | |periods, but were | |at various | |A.D. |375 A.D. | |conquered by | |times; | | | | |Valentinian, 375 | |Sarmatians | | | | |A.D. | |settled. | | | | | | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |The Huns were | | | | | | |driven eastward, | | | | | | |but returned a few| |HUNS (and |370 to 375 |375 A.D. to|Gepidæ, | 460 A.D.|years afterwards, | |Alani) |A.D. |about 453 |453 A.D. | |overran Italy, and| | | | | | |are mentioned as | | | | | | |being in Dacia | | | | | | |about 564 A.D. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | |See above |453 to |Lombards | | | | GEPIDÆ |(Goths) |550-564 |and Avari,| 568 A.D.| | | | |A.D. |550 A.D. | | | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |The Lombards, | | | | | | |allied to the | | | | | | |Avari, overran a | | | | | | |great part of | | LOMBARDS | 550 A.D. | 561 to ? |Joined the| |Dacia and | | | | |Byzantines| |Pannonia, and, | | | | | | |entering the army | | | | | | |of Justinian, left| | | | | | |their possessions | | | | | | |to the Avari. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | |Dispersed.| |The Avari were | | | |564 to |Part anni-|End |alternately | | AVARI | 550 A.D. |616-640 |hilated by|seventh |masters and | | | |(intermit- |Heraclius |century |vassals of other | | | |tently) |(610-640) | |tribes. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |The Bulgari were | | | | | | |of Scythian | | | |634 (with | | |origin, and many | | | |Slaves) |Byzantines| |tribes have been | | BULGARI |493 to 499 |679 (alone)|(Basilius)|See |included in them | | |A.D. |to |1014-1019 |Remarks |by different | | | |1014-1019 | | |authors. Amongst | | | | | | |them, the | | | | | | |Wallachs, Croats, | | | | | | |Moravians | | | | | | |(Lesage). | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |The Slaves settled| | | | | | |in detachments in | | | | | | |various parts, | | | | | | |from the Euxine to| | | | | | |the Adriatic Sea, | | SLAVES |493 to 527 |See Remarks|See | |and, allied with | | | | |Remarks | |one or more | | | | | | |tribes, fought the| | | | | | |Byzantines. Many | | | | | | |merged into the | | | | | | |general | | | | | | |population. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |For some time | | | | | | |Dacia was | |BYZANTINE | | 1014 to ? | | |nominally | |EMPIRE | | | | |incorporated with | | | | | | |the Empire. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | |Stephen | | | |UNGRI-- | |Powerful in|(about | |Transylvania was | |Hungarians or |824 to 839 |Dacia Tra- |997) foun-| |annexed to Hungary| |Magyars |A.D. |jana tenth |ded Hunga-| |either 1002 or | | | |century |rian King-| |1070 A.D. | | | | |dom | | | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | |Disappea-|The Patzinakitai, | |PATZINAKITAI |End of |Powerful | |red in |settled chiefly in| |(probably |ninth |tenth |Came under|Hungary |the Carpathians, | |mixed race) |century |century |Kumani &c.|about |are associated | | | | | |1275 |with Wallachs and | | | | | | |Kumani as vassals.| +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |The Kumani | |KUMANI |1047 A.D. |Powerful |Settled | |dominated over and| |(and |(with |1083 to |and | |absorbed other | |Chazars) |Chazars) |1220 |baptised | |tribes on the | | | | |1220 A.D. | |Carpathians. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |The Wallachs were | | | | | | |a race of | |WALLACHO- | | | | |shepherds; | |BULGARIAN | | | | |considered by some| |EMPIRE-- |Wallachs, |1199 to |Tartars, | |an independent | |(Wallachs, |976-1037 |1246-1285 |about | |tribe (see above | |called also | | |1246-1285 | |remarks on | |Romani, | | | | |Bulgari), by | |Blachi, &c.) | | | | |others descendants| | | | | | |of the Daco-Roman | | | | | | |colonists. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | | | | |The King of | | | | | | |Hungary, as | | | | | | |suzerain of | |TEUTONIC | |Teut. Knts.| | |Transylvania and | |KNIGHTS and | |1200 to | | |part of | |KNIGHTS OF ST.| |1223; Knts.| | |Wallachia, gave | |JOHN | |St. John | | |the government of | | | |1249 to ? | | |certain districts | | | | | | |to the Teutonic | | | | | | |Knights in 1200, | | | | | | |but withdrew it in| | | | | | |1223 A.D. | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+ | | |Made in- | | | | | | |roads into | | | | | | |'Moldavia' | | | | | | |and Walla- |Retired | |At the same time | |TARTARS (or |About 1240 |chia 13th |northward | |there were smaller| |Mongols) | |century. |to Russia.| |voivodeships, | | | |Ruled in |Founded | |banates, and | | | |Moldavia |the Tartar| |khanates north of | | | |13th and |Dynasty. | |the Danube. | | | |first half | | | | | | |of 14th | | | | | | |century. | | | | +--------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+------------------+