Section Iii. Form

1. General Form

#240. Form.—N. form, figure, shape; conformation, configuration; # make, formation, frame, construction, cut, set, build, trim, cut of one's jib; stamp, type, cast, mold; fashion; contour &c. (outline) 230; structure &c. 329; plasmature. feature, lineament, turn; phase &c. (aspect) 448; posture, attitude, pose. [Science of form] morphism. [Similarity of form] isomorphism. forming &c. v.; formation, figuration, efformation; sculpture; plasmation. V. form, shape, figure, fashion, efform, carve, cut, chisel, hew, cast; rough hew, rough cast; sketch; block out, hammer out; trim; lick into shape, put into shape; model, knead, work up into, set, mold, sculpture; cast, stamp; build &c. (construct) 161. Adj. formed &c. v. [Receiving form] plastic, fictile; formative; fluid. [Giving form] plasmic. [Similar in form] isomorphous. [taking several forms] pleomorphic; protean; changeable, &c. 149.

#241. [Absence of form.] Amorphism.—N. amorphism, # informity; unlicked cub; rudis indigestaque moles; disorder &c. 59; deformity &c. 243. disfigurement, defacement; mutilation; deforming. chaos, randomness (disorder) 59. [taking form from surroundings] fluid &c. 333. V. deface[Destroy form], disfigure, deform, mutilate, truncate; derange &c. 61; blemish, mar. Adj. shapeless, amorphous, formless; unformed, unhewn, unfashioned, unshaped, unshapen; rough, rude, Gothic, barbarous, rugged.

#242. [Regularity of form.] Symmetry.—N. symmetry, shapeliness, # finish; beauty &c. 845; proportion, eurythmy, uniformity, parallelism; bilateral symmetry, trilateral symmetry, multilateral symmetry; centrality &c. 222. arborescence, branching, ramification; arbor vitae. Adj. symmetrical, shapely, well set, finished; beautiful &c. 845; classic, chaste, severe. regular, uniform, balanced; equal &c. 27; parallel, coextensive. arborescent, arboriform; dendriform, dendroid; branching; ramous, ramose; filiciform, filicoid; subarborescent; papilionaceous. fuji-shaped, fujigata[Jap.].

#243. [Irregularity of form.] Distortion.—N. distortion, detortion, contortion; twist, crookedness &c. (obliquity) 217; grimace; deformity; malformation, malconformation; harelip; monstrosity, misproportion, want of symmetry, anamorphosis; ugliness &c. 846; talipes; teratology. asymmetry; irregularity. V. distort, contort, twist, warp, wrest, writhe, make faces, deform, misshape. Adj. distorted &c. v.; out of shape, irregular, asymmetric, unsymmetric, awry, wry, askew, crooked; not true, not straight; on one side, crump, deformed; harelipped; misshapen, misbegotten; misproportioned, ill proportioned; ill-made; grotesque, monstrous, crooked as a ram's horn; camel backed, hump backed, hunch backed, bunch backed, crook backed; bandy; bandy legged, bow legged; bow kneed, knock kneed; splay footed, club footed; round shouldered; snub nosed; curtailed of one's fair proportions; stumpy &c. (short) 201; gaunt &c. (thin) 203; bloated &c. 194; scalene; simous; taliped, talipedic. Adv. all manner of ways. Phr. crooked as a Virginia fence [U.S.].

2. Special Form

#244. Angularity.—N. angularity, angularness; aduncity; angle, cusp, bend; fold &c. 258; notch &c. 257; fork, bifurcation. elbow, knee, knuckle, ankle, groin, crotch, crutch, crane, fluke, scythe, sickle, zigzag, kimbo, akimbo. corner, nook, recess, niche, oriel, coign. right angle &c. (perpendicular) 216a, 212; obliquity &c. 217; angle of 45x, miter; acute angle, obtuse angle, salient angle, reentering angle, spherical angle. angular measurement, angular elevation, angular distance, angular velocity; trigonometry, goniometry; altimetry; clinometer, graphometer, goniometer; theodolite; sextant, quadrant; dichotomy. triangle, trigon, wedge; rectangle, square, lozenge, diamond; rhomb, rhombus; quadrangle, quadrilateral; parallelogram; quadrature; polygon, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, oxygon, decagon. pyramid, cone. Platonic bodies; cube, rhomboid; tetrahedron, pentahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, icosahedron, eicosahedron; prism, pyramid; parallelopiped; curb roof, gambrel roof, mansard roof. V. bend, fork, bifurcate, crinkle. Adj. angular, bent, crooked, aduncous, uncinated, aquiline, jagged, serrated; falciform, falcated; furcated, forked, bifurcate, zigzag; furcular; hooked; dovetailed; knock kneed, crinkled, akimbo, kimbo, geniculated; oblique &c. 217. fusiform[Microb], wedge-shaped, cuneiform; cuneate, multangular, oxygonal; triangular, trigonal, trilateral; quadrangular, quadrilateral; foursquare; rectangular, square, multilateral; polygonal &c. n.; cubical, rhomboid, rhomboidal, pyramidal.

#245. Curvature.—N. curvature, curvity, curvation; incurvature, incurvity|; incurvation; bend; flexure, flexion, flection; conflexure|; crook, hook, bought, bending; deflection, deflexion; inflection, inflexion; concameration; arcuation, devexity|, turn, deviation, detour, sweep; curl, curling; bough; recurvity, recurvation; sinuosity &c. 248. kink. carve, arc, arch, arcade, vault, bow, crescent, half-moon, lunule, horseshoe, loop, crane neck; parabola, hyperbola; helix, spiral; catenary, festoon; conchoid, cardioid; caustic; tracery; arched ceiling, arched roof; bay window, bow window. sine curve; spline, spline curve, spline function; obliquity &c. 217. V. be curved &c. adj[intrans].; curve, sweep, sway, swag, sag; deviate &c. 279; curl, turn; reenter. [trans] render curved &c. adj.; flex, bend, curve, incurvate; inflect; deflect, scatter; refract (light) 420; crook; turn, round, arch, arcuate, arch over, concamerate; bow, curl, recurve, frizzle. rotundity &c. 249; convexity &c. 250. Adj. curved &c. v.; curviform, curvilineal, curvilinear; devex|, devious; recurved, recurvous; crump; bowed &c. v.; vaulted, hooked; falciform, falcated; semicircular, crescentic; sinusoid, parabolic, paraboloid; luniform, lunular; semilunar, conchoidal; helical, double helical, spiral; kinky; cordiform, cordated; cardioid; heart shaped, bell shaped, boat shaped, crescent shaped, lens shaped, moon shaped, oar shaped, shield shaped, sickle shaped, tongue shaped, pear shaped, fig shaped; kidney- shaped, reniform; lentiform, lenticular; bow-legged &c. (distorted) 243; oblique &c. 217; circular &c. 247. aduncated, arclike, arcuate, arched, beaked; bicorn, bicornuous, bicornute; clypeate, clypeiform; cymbiform, embowed, galeiform; hamate, hamiform, hamous; hooked; linguiform, lingulate; lobiform, lunate, navicular, peltate, remiform, rhamphoid; rostrate, rostriferous, rostroid; scutate, scaphoid, uncate; unguiculate, unguiform.

#246. Straightness.—N. straightness, rectilinearity, directness; inflexibility &c. (stiffness) 323; straight line, right line, direct line; short cut. V. be straight &c. adj.; have no turning; not incline to either side, not bend to either side, not turn to either side, not deviate to either side; go straight; steer for &c. (directions) 278. render straight, straighten, rectify; set straight, put straight; unbend, unfold, uncurl &c. 248, unravel &c. 219, unwrap. Adj. straight; rectilinear, rectilineal; direct, even, right, true, in a line; unbent, virgate &c. v.; undeviating, unturned, undistorted, unswerving; straight as an arrow &c. (direct) 278; inflexible &c. 323. laser-straight; ramrod-straight.

#247. [Simple circularity.] Circularity.—N. circularity, roundness; rotundity &c. 249. circle, circlet, ring, areola, hoop, roundlet, annulus, annulet, bracelet, armlet; ringlet; eye, loop, wheel; cycle, orb, orbit, rundle, zone, belt, cordon, band; contrate wheel, crown wheel; hub; nave; sash, girdle, cestus, cincture, baldric, fillet, fascia, wreath, garland; crown, corona, coronet, chaplet, snood, necklace, collar; noose, lasso, lassoo. ellipse, oval, ovule; ellipsoid, cycloid; epicycloid, epicycle; semicircle; quadrant, sextant, sector. sphere &c. 249. V. make round &c. adj.; round. go round; encircle &c. 227; describe a circle &c. 311. Adj. round, rounded, circular, annular, orbicular; oval, ovate; elliptic, elliptical; egg-shaped; pear-shaped &c. 245; cycloidal &c. n.; spherical &c. 249. Phr. "I watched the little circles die" [Tennyson].

#248. [Complex curvature.] Convolution.—N. winding &c. v.; convolution, involution, circumvolution; wave, undulation, tortuosity, anfractuosity; sinuosity, sinuation; meandering, circuit, circumbendibus, twist, twirl, windings and turnings, ambages; torsion; inosculation; reticulation &c. (crossing) 219; rivulation; roughness &c. 256. coil, roll, curl; buckle, spiral, helix, corkscrew, worm, volute, rundle; tendril; scollop, scallop, escalop; kink; ammonite, snakestone. serpent, eel, maze, labyrinth. knot. V. be convoluted &c. adj.; wind, twine, turn and twist, twirl; wave, undulate, meander; inosculate; entwine, intwine; twist, coil, roll; wrinkle, curl, crisp, twill; frizzle; crimp, crape, indent, scollop, scallop, wring, intort; contort; wreathe &c. (cross) 219. Adj. convoluted; winding, twisted &c. v.; tortile, tortive|; wavy; undated, undulatory; circling, snaky, snake-like, serpentine; serpent, anguill, vermiform; vermicular; mazy, tortuous, sinuous, flexuous, anfractuous, reclivate, rivulose, scolecoid; sigmoid, sigmoidal; spiriferous, spiroid; involved, intricate, complicated, perplexed; labyrinth, labyrinthic, labyrinthian, labyrinthine; peristaltic; daedalian; kinky, knotted. wreathy, frizzly, crepe, buckled; raveled &c. (in disorder) 59. spiral, coiled, helical; cochleate, cochleous; screw-shaped; turbinated, turbiniform. Adv. in and out, round and round; a can of worms; Gordian knot.

#249. Rotundity.—N. rotundity; roundness &c. adj.; cylindricity; sphericity, spheroidity; globosity. cylinder, cylindroid, cylindrical; barrel, drum; roll, roller; rouleau, column, rolling-pin, rundle. cone, conoid; pear shape, egg shape, bell shape. sphere, globe, ball, boulder, bowlder; spheroid, ellipsoid; oblong spheroid; oblate spheroid, prolate spheroid; drop, spherule, globule, vesicle, bulb, bullet, pellet, pelote, clew, pill, marble, pea, knob, pommel, horn; knot (convolution) 248. curved surface, hypersphere; hyperdimensional surface. V. render spherical &c. adj.; form into a sphere, sphere, roll into a ball; give rotundity &c. n.; round. Adj. rotund; round &c. (circular) 247; cylindric, cylindrical, cylindroid; columnar, lumbriciform; conic, conical; spherical, spheroidal; globular, globated, globous, globose; egg shaped, bell shaped, pear shaped; ovoid, oviform; gibbous; rixiform; campaniform, campanulate, campaniliform; fungiform, bead-like, moniliform, pyriform, bulbous; tres atque rotundus; round as an orange, round as an apple, round as a ball, round as a billiard ball, round as a cannon ball.

3. Superficial Form

#250. Convexity.—N. convexity, prominence, projection, swelling, gibbosity, bilge, bulge, protuberance, protrusion; camber, cahot [N. Am.], thank-ye-ma'am [U.S.]. swell. intumescence; tumour, tumor; tubercle, tuberosity; excrescence; hump, hunch, bunch. boss, embossment, hub, hubble [convex body parts] tooth[U.S.], knob, elbow, process, apophysis, condyle, bulb, node, nodule, nodosity, tongue, dorsum, bump, clump; sugar loaf &c. (sharpness) 253; bow; mamelon; molar; belly, corporation|!, pot belly, gut; withers, back, shoulder, lip, flange. [convexities on skin] pimple, zit [slang]; wen, wheel, papula, pustule, pock, proud flesh, growth, sarcoma, caruncle, corn, wart, pappiloma, furuncle, polypus, fungus, fungosity, exostosis, bleb, blister, blain; boil &c. (disease) 655; airbubble, blob, papule, verruca. [convex body parts on chest] papilla, nipple, teat, tit [vulgar], titty [vulgar], boob [vulgar], knocker[vulgar], pap, breast, dug, mammilla. [prominent convexity on the face] proboscis, nose, neb, beak, snout, nozzle, schnoz. peg, button, stud, ridge, rib, jutty, trunnion, snag. cupola, dome, arch, balcony, eaves; pilaster. relief, relievo, cameo; bassorilievo, mezzorilevo, altorivievo; low relief, bas relief, high relief. hill &c. (height) 206; cape, promontory, mull; forehead, foreland; point of land, mole, jetty, hummock, ledge, spur; naze, ness. V. be prominent &c. adj.; project, bulge, protrude, pout, bouge|, bunch; jut out, stand out, stick out, poke out; stick up, bristle up, start up, cock up, shoot up; swell over, hang over, bend over; beetle. render prominent &c. adj.; raise 307; emboss, chase. [become convex] belly out. Adj. convex, prominent, protuberant, projecting &c. v.; bossed, embossed, bossy, nodular, bunchy; clavate, clavated, claviform; hummocky, moutonne, mammiliform; papulous, papilose; hemispheric, bulbous; bowed, arched; bold; bellied; tuberous, tuberculous; tumous; cornute, odontoid; lentiform, lenticular; gibbous; club shaped, hubby [U.S.], hubbly [U.S.], knobby, papillose, saddle-shaped, selliform, subclavate, torose, ventricose, verrucose. salient, in relief, raised, repousse; bloated &c, (expanded) 194.

#251. Flatness.—N. flatness &c. adj.; smoothness &c. 255. # plane; level &c. 213; plate, platter, table, tablet, slab. V. render flat, flatten; level &c. 213. Adj. flat, plane, even, flush, scutiform, discoid; level &c. (horizontal) 213; flat as a pancake, flat as a fluke, flat as a flounder, flat as a board, flat as my hand.

#252. Concavity.—N. concavity, depression, dip; hollow, hollowness; indentation, intaglio, cavity, dent, dint, dimple, follicle, pit, sinus, alveolus, lacuna; excavation, strip mine; trough &c. (furrow) 259; honeycomb. cup, basin, crater, punch bowl; cell &c. (receptacle) 191; socket. valley, vale, dale, dell, dingle, combe, bottom, slade, strath, glade, grove, glen, cave, cavern, cove; grot, grotto; alcove, cul-de-sac; gully &c. 198; arch &c. (curve) 245; bay &c. (of the sea) 343. excavator, sapper, miner. honeycomb (sponge) 252a. V. be concave &c. adj.; retire, cave in. render concave &c. adj.; depress, hollow; scoop, scoop out; gouge, gouge out, dig, delve, excavate, dent, dint, mine, sap, undermine, burrow, tunnel, stave in. Adj. depressed &c. v.; alveolate, calathiform, cup-shaped, dishing; favaginous, faveolate, favose; scyphiform, scyphose; concave, hollow, stove in; retiring; retreating; cavernous; porous &c. (with holes) 260; infundibul, infundibular, infundibuliform; funnel shaped, bell shaped; campaniform, capsular; vaulted, arched.

252a Sponge—N. sponge, honeycomb, network; frit, filter. sieve, net, screen (opening) 260. Adj. cellular, spongy, spongious; honeycombed, alveolar; sintered; porous (opening) 260.

#253. Sharpness.—N. sharpness &c. adj.; acuity, acumination; spinosity. point, spike, spine, spicule, spiculum; needle, hypodermic needle, tack, nail, pin; prick, prickle; spur, rowel, barb; spit, cusp; horn, antler; snag; tag thorn, bristle; Adam's needle, bear grass [U.S.], tine, yucca. nib, tooth, tusk; spoke, cog, ratchet. crag, crest, arete, cone peak, sugar loaf, pike, aiguille; spire, pyramid, steeple. beard, chevaux de frise, porcupine, hedgehog, brier, bramble, thistle; comb; awn, beggar's lice, bur, burr, catchweed, cleavers, clivers, goose, grass, hairif, hariff, flax comb, hackle, hatchel, heckle. wedge; knife edge, cutting edge; blade, edge tool, cutlery, knife, penknife, whittle, razor, razor blade, safety razor, straight razor, electric razor; scalpel; bistoury, lancet; plowshare, coulter, colter; hatchet, ax, pickax, mattock, pick, adze, gill; billhook, cleaver, cutter; scythe, sickle; scissors, shears, pruning shears, cutters, wire cutters, nail clipper, paper cutter; sword &c. (arms) 727; bodkin &c. (perforator) 262; belduque, bowie knife, paring knife; bushwhacker [U.S.]; drawing knife, drawing shave; microtome[Microbiol]; chisel, screwdriver blade; flint blade; guillotine. sharpener, hone, strop; grindstone, whetstone; novaculite; steel, emery. V. be sharp &c. adj.; taper to a point; bristle with. render sharp &c. adj.; sharpen, point, aculeate, whet, barb, spiculate, set, strop, grind; chip [flint]. cut &c. (sunder) 44. Adj. sharp, keen; acute; acicular, aciform; aculeated, acuminated; pointed; tapering; conical, pyramidal; mucronate, mucronated; spindle shaped, needle shaped; spiked, spiky, ensiform, peaked, salient; cusped, cuspidate, cuspidated; cornute, cornuted, cornicultate; prickly; spiny, spinous, spicular; thorny, bristling, muricated, pectinated, studded, thistly, briary; craggy &c. (rough) 256; snaggy, digitated, two-edged, fusiform[Microb]; dentiform, denticulated; toothed; odontoid; starlike; stellated, stelliform; sagittate, sagittiform; arrowheaded; arrowy, barbed, spurred. acinaciform; apiculate, apiculated; aristate, awned, awny, bearded, calamiform, cone-shaped, coniform, crestate, echinate, gladiate; lanceolate, lanciform; awl, awl-shaped, lance-shaped, awl-shaped, scimitar-shaped, sword-shaped; setarious, spinuliferous, subulate, tetrahedral, xiphoid. cutting; sharp edged, knife edged; sharp as a razor, keen as a razor; sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack; sharpened &c. v.; set.

#254. Bluntness.—N. bluntness &c. adj. # V. be blunt, render blunt &c. adj.; obtund, dull; take off the point, take off the edge; turn. Adj. blunt, obtuse, dull, bluff; edentate, toothless.

#255. Smoothness.—N. smoothness &c. adj.; polish, gloss; lubricity, lubrication. [smooth materials] down, velvet, velure, silk, satin; velveteen, velour, velours, velumen; glass, ice. slide; bowling green &c. (level) 213; asphalt, wood pavement, flagstone, flags. [objects used to smooth other objects] roller, steam roller, lawn roller, rolling pin, rolling mill; sand paper, emery paper, emery cloth, sander; flat iron, sad iron; burnisher, turpentine and beeswax; polish, shoe polish. [art of cutting and polishing gemstones] lapidary. [person who polishes gemstones] lapidary, lapidarian. V. smooth, smoothen; plane; file; mow, shave; level, roll; macadamize; polish, burnish, calender, glaze; iron, hot-press, mangle; lubricate &c. (oil) 332. Adj. smooth; polished &c. v.; leiodermatous, slick, velutinous; even; level &c. 213; plane &c. (flat) 251; sleek, glossy; silken, silky; lanate, downy, velvety; glabrous, slippery, glassy, lubricous, oily, soft, unwrinkled; smooth as glass, smooth as ice, smooth as monumental alabaster, smooth as velvet, smooth as oil; slippery as an eel; woolly &c. (feathery) 256. Phr. smooth as silk; slippery as coonshit on a pump handle; slippery as a greased pig.

#256. Roughness.—N. roughness &c. adj.; tooth, grain, texture, ripple; asperity, rugosity, salebrosity|, corrugation, nodosity; arborescence &c. 242; pilosity. brush, hair, beard, shag, mane, whisker, moustache, imperial, tress, lock, curl, ringlet; fimbriae, pili, cilia, villi; lovelock; beaucatcher; curl paper; goatee; papillote, scalp lock. plumage, plumosity; plume, panache, crest; feather, tuft, fringe, toupee. wool, velvet, plush, nap, pile, floss, fur, down; byssus, moss, bur; fluff. knot (convolution) 248. V. be rough &c. adj.; go against the grain. render-rough &c. adj.; roughen, ruffle, crisp, crumple, corrugate, set on edge, stroke the wrong way, rumple. Adj. rough, uneven, scabrous, scaly ,knotted; rugged, rugose, rugous; knurly; asperous, crisp, salebrous|, gnarled, unpolished, unsmooth, roughhewn; craggy, cragged; crankling, scraggy; prickly &c. (sharp) 253; arborescent &c. 242; leafy, well-wooded; feathery; plumose, plumigerous; laciniate, laciniform, laciniose; pappose; pileous, pilose; trichogenous, trichoid; tufted, fimbriated, hairy, ciliated, filamentous, hirsute; crinose, crinite; bushy, hispid, villous, pappous, bearded, pilous, shaggy, shagged; fringed, befringed; setous|, setose, setaceous; "like quills upon the fretful porcupine" [Hamlet]; rough as a nutmeg grater, rough as a bear. downy, velvety, flocculent, woolly; lanate, lanated; lanuginous, lanuginose; tomentose; fluffy. Adv. against the grain. Phr. cabello luengo y corto el seso.

#257. Notch.—N. notch, dent, nick, cut; indent, indentation; # dimple. embrasure, battlement, machicolation; saw, tooth, crenelle, scallop, scollop, vandyke; depression; jag. V. notch, nick, cut, dent, indent, jag, scarify, scotch, crimp, scallop, scollop, crenulate, vandyke. Adj. notched &c. v.; crenate, crenated; dentate, dentated; denticulate, denticulated; toothed, palmated, serrated.

#258. Fold.—N. fold, plicature, plait, pleat, ply, crease; tuck, gather; flexion, flexure, joint, elbow, double, doubling, duplicature, gather, wrinkle, rimple, crinkle, crankle, crumple, rumple, rivel, ruck, ruffle, dog's ear, corrugation, frounce, flounce, lapel; pucker, crow's feet; plication. V. fold, double, plicate, plait, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, crankle, curl, cockle up, cocker, rimple, rumple, flute, frizzle, frounce, rivel, twill, corrugate, ruffle, crimple|, crumple, pucker; turn down, double down, down under; tuck, ruck, hem, gather. Adj. folded, fluted, pleated &c. v..

#259. Furrow.—N. furrow, groove, rut, sulcus, scratch, streak, striae, crack, score, incision, slit; chamfer, fluting; corduroy road, cradle hole. channel, gutter, trench, ditch, dike, dyke; moat, fosse, trough, kennel; ravine &c. (interval) 198; tajo [U.S.], thank-ye-ma'am [U.S.]. V. furrow &c. n.; flute, plow; incise, engrave, etch, bite in. Adj. furrowed &c. v.; ribbed, striated, sulcated, fluted, canaliculated; bisulcous, bisulcate, bisulcated; canaliferous; trisulcate; corduroy; unisulcate; costate, rimiform.

#260. Opening—N. hole, foramen; puncture, perforation; fontanel; transforation; pinhole, keyhole, loophole, porthole, peephole, mousehole, pigeonhole; eye of a needle; eyelet; slot. opening; aperture, apertness; hiation, yawning, oscitancy, dehiscence, patefaction|, pandiculation; chasm &c. (interval) 198. embrasure, window, casement; abatjour; light; sky light, fan light; lattice; bay window, bow window; oriel; dormer, lantern. outlet, inlet; vent, vomitory; embouchure; orifice, mouth, sucker, muzzle, throat, gullet, weasand, wizen, nozzle; placket. portal, porch, gate, ostiary|, postern, wicket, trapdoor, hatch, door; arcade; cellarway, driveway, gateway, doorway, hatchway, gangway; lich gate. way, path &c. 627; thoroughfare; channel; passage, passageway; tube, pipe; water pipe &c. 350; air pipe &c. 351; vessel, tubule, canal, gut, fistula; adjutage, ajutage; ostium; smokestack; chimney, flue, tap, funnel, gully, tunnel, main; mine, pit, adit, shaft; gallery. alley, aisle, glade, vista. bore, caliber; pore; blind orifice; fulgurite, thundertube. porousness, porosity. sieve, cullender, colander; cribble, riddle, screen; honeycomb. apertion, perforation; piercing &c. v.; terebration, empalement, pertusion|, puncture, acupuncture, penetration. key &c. 631, opener, master key, password, combination, passe-partout. V. open, ope, gape, yawn, bilge; fly open. perforate, pierce, empierce|, tap, bore, drill; mine &c. (scoop out) 252; tunnel; transpierce, transfix; enfilade, impale, spike, spear, gore, spit, stab, pink, puncture, lance, stick, prick, riddle, punch; stave in. cut a passage through; make way for, make room for. uncover, unclose, unrip; lay open, cut open, rip open, throw open, pop open, blow open, pry open, tear open, pull open. Adj. open; perforated &c. v.; perforate; wide open, ajar, unclosed, unstopped; oscitant, gaping, yawning; patent. tubular, cannular, fistulous; pervious, permeable; foraminous; vesicular, vasicular; porous, follicular, cribriform, honeycombed, infundibular, riddled; tubulous, tubulated; piped, tubate. opening &c. v.; aperient. Int. open sesame!

#261. Closure.—N. closure, occlusion, blockade; shutting up &c. v.; obstruction &c. (hindrance) 706; embolus; contraction &c. 195; infarction; constipation, obstipation; blind alley, blind corner; keddah; cul-de-sac, caecum; imperforation, imperviousness &c. adj.; impermeability; stopper &c. 263. V. close, occlude, plug; block up, stop up, fill up, bung up, cork up, button up, stuff up, shut up, dam up; blockade, obstruct &c. (hinder) 706; bar, bolt, stop, seal, plumb; choke, throttle; ram down, dam, cram; trap, clinch; put to the door, shut the door. Adj. closed &c. v.; shut, operculated; unopened. unpierced, imporous, caecal; closable; imperforate, impervious, impermeable; impenetrable; impassable, unpassable|2; invious|; pathless, wayless; untrodden, untrod. unventilated; air tight, water tight; hermetically sealed; tight, snug.

#262. Perforator.—N. perforator, piercer, borer, auger, chisel, gimlet, stylet, drill, wimble, awl, bradawl, scoop, terrier, corkscrew, dibble, trocar, trepan, probe, bodkin, needle, stiletto, rimer, warder, lancet; punch, puncheon; spikebit, gouge; spear &c. (weapon) 727; puncher; punching machine, punching press; punch pliers.

#263. Stopper.—N. stopper, stopple; plug, cork, bung, spike, spill, # stopcock, tap; rammer; ram, ramrod; piston; stop-gap; wadding, stuffing, padding, stopping, dossil, pledget, tompion, tourniquet. cover &c. 223; valve, vent peg, spigot, slide valve. janitor, doorkeeper, porter, warder, beadle, cerberus, ostiary.