Chapter Iii. the Plant

STIMULUS AND RESPONSE

General Relations 144. The nature of stimuli 100 145. The kinds of stimuli 100 146. The nature of response 101 147. Adjustment and adaptation 102 148. The measurement of response 103 149. Plasticity and fixity 104 150. The law of extremes 105 151. The method of working hypotheses 106 Hydroharmose Adjustment 152. Water as a stimulus 107 153. The influence of other factors upon water 107 154. Response 108 155. The measurement of absorption 109 156. The quantitative relation of absorption and transpiration 111 157. Measurement of transpiration 113 158. Field methods 114 159. Expression of results 116 160. Coefficient of transpiration 117 Adaptation 161. Modifications due to water stimuli 118 162. Modifications due to a small water supply 118 163. The decrease of water loss 118 164. The increase of water supply 121 165. Modifications due to an excessive water supply 121 166. Plant types 122 167. Xerophytic types 122 168. Types of leaf xerophytes 123 169. Types of stem xerophytes 125 170. Bog plants 126 171. Hydrophytic types 127 Photoharmose Adjustment 172. Light as a stimulus 129 173. The reception of light stimuli 131 174. The response of the chloroplast 132 175. Aeration and translocation 134 176. The measurement of responses to light 135 Adaptation 177. Influence of chloroplasts upon form and structure 138 178. Form of leaves and stems 139 179. Modification of the epidermis 140 180. The differentiation of the chlorenchym 142 181. Types of leaves 144 182. Heliophytes and sciophytes 144

EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION

183. Scope 145 184. Fundamental lines of inquiry 146 185. Ancestral form and structure 146 186. Variation and mutation 147 187. Methods 149 Method of Natural Experiment 188. Selection of species 149 189. Determination of factors 151 190. Method of record 152 Method of Habitat Cultures 191. Scope and advantages 153 192. Methods 153 193. Transfer 154 194. Modification of the habitat 156 Method of Control Cultures 195. Scope and procedure 157 196. Water-content series 158 197. Light series 160