Part 34

IX. Number of Deaths occasioned, during the last five years, by certain Acute Diseases, chiefly epidemic, infectious, and endemic.

X. Comparative Mortality in different seasons of the year: namely, in the Autumn-Quarters (October, November, December), in the Winter-Quarters (January, February, March), in the Spring-Quarters (April, May, June), and in the Summer-Quarters (July, August, September), of the five years from Michaelmas 1848 to Michaelmas 1853.

XI. Autumn Mortality.

XII. Winter Mortality.

XIII. Spring Mortality.

XIV. Summer Mortality.

No. I. Area and Population of the several Districts and Sub-districts of the City of London.

+-----------------------------+-------+-------+-------------+-------+ | | Census| Census| Decennial |Area of| | Sub-district. | of | of | increase (+)|Land in| | | 1841. | 1851. | or |Acres. | | | | |decrease. (-)| | +-----------------------------+-------+-------+-------------+-------+ | {St. Botolph | 20,197| 23,435| + 3238| 85| |EAST LONDON. {Cripplegate | 19,161| 20,582| + 1421| 68| | {Workhouses| 454| 576| + 122| | | { +-------+-------+-------------+-------+ | {Total | 39,812| 44,593| + 4781| 153| +-----------------------------+-------+-------+-------------+-------+ | {North | 12,138| 12,350| + 212| 47| |WEST LONDON. {South | 16,460| 15,844| - 616| 77| | {Workhouse | 387| 409| + 22| | | { +-------+-------+-------------+-------+ | {Total | 28,985| 28,603| - 382| 124| +-----------------------------+-------+-------+-------------+-------+ | {South-West | 8839| 9204| + 365| 49| | {North-West | 12,427| 11,847| - 580| 72| |CITY OF {South | 11,954| 11,461| - 493| 82| |LONDON. {South-East | 10,597| 10,594| - 3| 84| | {North-East | 12,103| 12,826| + 723| 92| | {Workhouse | 920| 794| - 126| | | { +-------+-------+-------------+-------+ | {Total | 56,840| 56,726| - 114| 379| +-----------------------------+-------+-------+-------------+-------+ | Entire Population of} 125,637|129,922| + 4285| 656| | the City of London} | | | | +-------------------------------------+-------+-------------+-------+

One of these workhouses is situated in the North sub-district of the West London Union. In 1841 it contained 157 inmates; in 1851, 187 inmates. The other workhouse is situated in the St. Botolph sub-district: in 1841 it contained 297, in 1851, 389 persons.

This workhouse is situated in the North sub-district of the Union.

In 1841, the 920 paupers of this Union were received, partly at Marlborough House, Peckham; partly in Deacon’s Farm-house, Stepney Green. The present workhouse, erected since 1841, is at Bow.

No. II.--Quinquennial Synopsis of City Mortality, with Death-rates calculated per Thousand on the Population of 1851.

+-----------------------+-------------------------+ | | EAST | |Population,} | LONDON | |according }Entire City| UNION, | |to the }of London, | 44,593. | |Census }129,922. +--------+--------+-------+ |of 1851. } | Saint |Cripple-| Work- | | |Botolph,| gate, |houses,| | | 23,435.| 20,582.| 576. | +-----------------------+--------+--------+-------+ |Mortality of five years| | | | |from Michaelmas 1848 to| | | | |Michaelmas 1853. | | | | | {1848-9 =3763= | 519| 574| 179| | {1849-50 =2752= | 296| 444| 125| | {1850-1 =2978= | 493| 471| 167| | {1851-2 =3064= | 534| 460| 176| | {1852-3 =3040= | 516| 534| 155| | { +--------+--------+-------+ | { =⁂= | 2458| 2483| 802| | { | | | {Total =15,597= | =5743= | +-----------------------+-------------------------+ |Yearly Death-rate per| =25.75= | |thousand of the living | | |Population. | | | | | =24.00= | =24.30=| =27.41=| =*= | +-----------------------+--------+--------+-------+

+-----------------------+----------------------+ | | WEST | |Population,} | LONDON | |according }Entire City| UNION, | |to the }of London, | 28,603. | |Census }129,922. +-------+-------+------+ |of 1851. } | North,| South,| Work-| | | | |house,| | |12,350.|15,844.| 409. | +-----------------------+-------+-------+------+ |Mortality of five years| | | | |from Michaelmas 1848 to| | | | |Michaelmas 1853. | | | | | {1848-9 =3763= | 372| 598| 126| | {1849-50 =2752= | 324| 290| 108| | {1850-1 =2978= | 317| 313| 68| | {1851-2 =3064= | 266| 379| 129| | {1852-3 =3040= | 289| 309| 164| | { +-------+-------+------+ | { =⁂= | 1568| 1889| 595| | { | | | {Total =15,597= | =4052= | +-----------------------+----------------------+ |Yearly Death-rate per| =28.33= | |thousand of the living | | |Population. | | | | | =24.00= |=29.19=|=27.66=| =*= | +-----------------------+-------+-------+------+

+---------------------+----------------------------------------------+ | | CITY OF LONDON UNION, | |Population,}Entire | | |according }City of | | |to the }London, | 56,726. | |Census }129,922. +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+ |of 1851. } | S. W. | N. W. | South,| S. E. | N. E. | Work-| | | | | | | |house,| | | 9,204.|11,847.|11,461.|10,594.|12,826.| 794. | +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+ |Mortality of five | | | | | | | |years from Michaelmas| | | | | | | |1848 toMichaelmas | | | | | | | |1853. | | | | | | | | {1848-9 =3763= | 293| 245| 263| 214| 262| 103| | {1849-50 =2752= | 176| 168| 218| 183| 219| 101| | {1850-1 =2978= | 191| 169| 258| 217| 213| 101| | {1851-2 =3064= | 196| 198| 203| 171| 235| 117| | {1852-3 =3040= | 170| 188| 223| 164| 224| 104| | { +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+ | { =⁂= | 1026| 968| 1165| 949| 1153| 526| | { | | | {Total =15,597= | =5787= | +---------------------+----------------------------------------------+ |Yearly Death-rate | =20.40= | |per thousand of the| | |living Population. | | | | | | | | =24.00= |=23.83=|=17.96=|=21.90=|=19.52=|=19.58=| =*= | +-----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+----+ |N.B. The first year’s total (3763) includes 15 deaths, which, by | |reason of their imperfect registration, it has been impossible | |to refer correctly to the Unions where they occurred. | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+

NOTE TO TABLE No. II.

In calculating the Death-Rates given in the last lines of this Table, I have proceeded as follows:--

First, I have counted all Workhouse-Population and Workhouse-Deaths as forming part of the aggregate population and aggregate mortality of that Union to which the particular workhouse legally belongs.

Next, I have distributed among the several sub-districts the population and the mortality of their Union Workhouses, in the ratio of the general sub-district population; so as to prevent the high Workhouse-Mortality from telling unjustly against that sub-district in which the Workhouse happens to have been erected.

Thus, for instance, the East London Union has its male Workhouse placed in the territory of the West London Union; but I have reckoned it as belonging to the East London Union, in respect both of its population and its deaths. Similarly, the City of London Union has its Workhouse situate at Bow; but, not the less, I have considered its 794 inmates and 526 deaths as belonging to the population and the mortality of our central Union.

Thus again for the sub-district death-rates--for instance, in the two sub-districts of the East London Union: reckoning the Workhouse-Population not as exclusively due either to Cripplegate or to St. Botolph, but as furnished by these sub-districts jointly, in the ratio of their populations, I have distributed 576 between them in the proportion, 23,435 : 20,582. The Workhouse-Deaths of the period (802) have been similarly distributed; and the rates, given in the last line of the table, are finally deduced from a comparison of these sums, viz:--

23,435 + 306.66 : 2458 + 426.991 :: 1000 : 121.515, which divided by 5 (to show an annual, instead of a quinquennial, result) gives 24.30 as the annual death-rate for St. Botolph; and, in like manner, 20,582 + 269.33 : 2483 + 375.008 gives 137.065 as the quinquennial, and 27.41 as the annual death-rate per thousand for the sub-district of Cripplegate.

Hospital Deaths have been distributed, as far as possible, according to the previous residence of the patients. Thus the north sub-district of the West London Union, in which St. Bartholomew’s Hospital is situated, is made to retain only its just proportion of deaths. On the same principle I have reckoned to the death-lists of other sub-districts those cases in which I could ascertain that the residents of such sub-districts had gone to die either in St. Bartholomew’s, or in other Metropolitan Hospitals.

No. III.--First Annual Enumeration of Deaths, relating to the Fifty-two Weeks dating from October 1st, 1848, to September 29th, 1849.

+------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+ |DEATHS in the four| EAST LONDON UNION. | WEST LONDON UNION. | |quarterly periods,+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |terminating as |Saint |Cripple-| Work- |North. |South. |Work- | |follows:-- |Botolph.|gate. |houses.| | |house. | | +--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |In the quarter | M. F.| M. F.| M. F.| M. F.| M. F.| M. F.| |ending: | | | | | | | | I. Dec. } =766={| 63 64| 69 59| 10 21| 44 30| 55 48| 14 15| | 30th } {| 127 | 128 | 31 | 74 | 103 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | II. March} =822={| 70 66| 60 57| 17 19| 39 34| 50 40| 20 10| | 31st } {| 136 | 117 | 36 | 73 | 90 | 30 | | | | | | | | | |III. June } =765={| 40 45| 62 68| 16 23| 46 31| 61 49| 13 21| | 30th } {| 85 | 130 | 39 | 77 | 110 | 34 | | | | | | | | | | IV. Sept.}=1395={| 88 83|104 95| 17 56| 75 73|116 179| 15 18| | 29th } {| 171 | 199 | 73 | 148 | 295 | 53 | +------------------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |Sum of the four {|261 258|295 279| 60 119|204 168|282 316| 62 64| |quarters =3748={| 519 | 574 | 179 | 372 | 598 | 126 | |Unclassified =15= | =1272= | =1096= | |TOTAL FOR THE YEAR =3763= +---------------------------------------------------------------------

+------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ |DEATHS in the four| CITY OF LONDON UNION. | |quarterly periods,+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |terminating as | S. W. | N. W. |South. | S. E. | N. E. | Work- | |follows:-- | | | | | |house. | | +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |In the quarter | M. F. | M. F. | M. F. | M. F. | M. F. | M. F.| |ending: | | | | | | | | I. Dec. } =766={| 25 15 | 27 23 | 36 23 | 25 15 | 31 31 | 1 22| | 30th } {| 40 | 50 | 59 | 40 | 62 | 23 | | | | | | | | | | II. March} =822={| 20 32 | 32 31 | 28 32 | 29 23 | 40 37 | 14 22| | 31st } {| 52 | 63 | 60 | 52 | 77 | 36 | | | | | | | | | |III. June } =765={| 35 21 | 31 24 | 37 21 | 24 21 | 22 28 | 12 14| | 30th } {| 56 | 55 | 58 | 45 | 50 | 26 | | | | | | | | | | IV. Sept.}=1395={| 62 83 | 37 40 | 48 38 | 45 32 | 40 33 | 5 13| | 29th } {| 145 | 77 | 86 | 77 | 73 | 18 | +------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |Sum of the four {|142 151|127 118|149 114|123 91|133 129| 32 71| |quarters =3748={| 293 | 245 | 263 | 214 | 262 | 103 | |Unclassified =15= | =1380= | |TOTAL FOR THE YEAR | +------------------------------------------------------------------+

No. IV.--Second Annual Enumeration of Deaths, relating to the Fifty-two Weeks dating from September 30th, 1849, to September 28th, 1850.

+------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+ |DEATHS in the four| EAST LONDON UNION. | WEST LONDON UNION. | |quarterly periods,+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |terminating as |Saint |Cripple-| Work- |North. |South. |Work- | |follows:-- |Botolph.|gate. |houses.| | |house. | | +--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |In the quarter | M. F.| M. F.| M. F.| M. F.| M. F.| M. F.| |ending: | | | | | | | | I. Dec. } =765={| 62 56| 72 65|22 22| 42 43| 30 40| 10 13| | 29th } {| 118 | 137 | 44 | 85 | 70 | 23 | | | | | | | | | | II. March} =803={| 49 47| 68 56| 21 15| 50 41| 42 42| 21 19| | 30th } {| 96 | 124 | 36 | 91 | 84 | 40 | | | | | | | | | |III. June } =589={| 39 41| 42 48| 6 13| 39 35| 45 26| 5 22| | 29th } {| 80 | 90 | 19 | 74 | 71 | 27 | | | | | | | | | | IV. Sept.} =595={| 57 45| 57 36| 12 14| 35 39| 26 39| 5 13| | 28th } {| 102 | 93 | 26 | 74 | 65 | 18 | +------------------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |Sum of the four {|207 189|239 205| 61 64|166 158|143 147|41 67| |quarters =2752={| 396 | 444 | 125 | 324 | 290 | 108 | | | =965= | =722= | |TOTAL FOR THE YEAR =2752= +---------------------------------------------------------------------