Part 2

CONTENTS

PAGE

The Chain of Life Traced Backward in Geological Time 3

Life in the Early Cambrian 17

III

Pre-Cambrian Life 47

Foundations of the Continents, and their General Testimony as to Life 79

Probabilities as to Laurentian Life, and Conditions of its Preservation 107

The History of a Discovery 125

VII

The Dawn of Life 147

VIII

Contemporaries of Eozoon 193

Difficulties and Objections 221

The Origin of Life 245

Some General Conclusions 281

APPENDIX

A. Geological Relations of Eozoon, etc. 295

B. Organic Remains and Hydrous Silicates 298

C. Affinities of Eozoon, etc. 303

D. Cryptozoon 310

E. Receptaculites and Archæocyathus 315

F. Pre-Geological Evolution 320

G. Controversies respecting Eozoon 324

H. Notes to Appendix, December, 1896 329

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE

Cryptozoon Boreale Frontispiece Map xvi 1. Olenellus 20 2. Triarthrus 23 3. Hymenocaris 27 4. Ctenichnites 32 5, 6. Archæocyathus 35 7, 8. Cryptozoon 37, 39 9. Fossils in Lower Cambrian Boulder 41 10. Section Hanford Brook 51 11. Worm Tracks 53 12. Pre-Cambrian Fossils 54 13. Arenicolites and Aspidella 54 14. Cryptozoon 56 15. Worm Burrows 67 16. Casts of Foraminifera 68 17. Tudor Eozoon 69 18. Laurentian America 85 19. Map of Grenville Limestones 88 19A. Attitude of Limestone, Côte St. Pierre 91 20, 21. Disturbed Beds 103 22. Section of Limestone 113 23. Silicification of Coral 113 24. Cast of Polystomella in Glauconite 115 24A. Crinoid and Shell in Glauconite 116 25. Nature-print of Eozoon 121 26, 27. Eozoon from Calumet 130 28, 29. Canals of Eozoon 133 30, 31. Canals and Tubuli 135 32. General Form of Eozoon 149 33, 34. Eozoon with Funnels 152, 153 35. Small Specimen and Structure 155 36. Decalcified Eozoon 157 37. Finest Tubuli filled with Dolomite 158 38. Arrangement of Canals 159 39-41. Finest Tubuli 160-2 42. Canals after Möbius 163 43. Stromatocerium 172 44. Stromatopora 173 45. Cœnostroma 174 46. Recent Protozoa 176 47. Fragmental Eozoon 183 48, 49. Nummulites and Calcarina 186 50, 51. Archæospherinæ 190, 200 52. Acervuline Eozoon 205 53, 54. Archæospherinæ 205, 208 55. Ditto, Finland 212 56. Eozoon Bavaricum 213 57. Archæozoon 215 58. Restoration of Eozoon 230 59. Eozoon in Different States 237 60. Nature-print of Large Specimen To face 296