Chapter 21, Note 2.

2. Ante, Chapter 26, note 8, and Chapter 32, note 9.

3. Ante, Chapter 17, note 6.

4. A small principality, about seventy miles equidistant from Agra, Gwâlior, Mathurâ, Alwar, Jaipur, and Tonk. The attack on Karaulî occurred in 1813. Full details are given in the author's Report on Budhuk alias Bagree Decoits, pp. 99-104.

5. Four hundred thousand rupees.

6. Ante, Chapter 33, note 15.

7. Seven hundred thousand rupees.

8. Raghugarh is now a mediatized chiefship in the Central India Agency, controlled by the Resident at Gwâlior. Bajranggarh, a stronghold eleven miles south of Gûnâ (Goonah), and about 140 miles distant from Gwâlior, is in the Raghugarh territory.

9. Three hundred thousand and two hundred thousand rupees, respectively. Bahâdurgarh is now included in the Isâgarh district of the Gwâlior State.

10. I cannot find any mention of Lopar, if the name is correctly printed. Garhâ Kota seems to be a slip of the pen for Garhâ. Garhâ Kota is in British territory, in the Sâgar District, C. P. But Garhâ is a petty state, formerly included in the Raghugarh State. The town of Garhâ is on the eastern slope of the Mâlwâ plateau in 25° 2' N. and 78° 3' E. (I.G., 1908, s.v.).

11. On the coronation or installation of every new prince of the house of Sindhia, orders are given to plunder a few shops in the town as a part of the ceremony, and this they call or consider 'taking the auspices'. Compensation is supposed to be made to the proprietors, but rarely is made. I believe the same auspices are taken at the installation of a new prince of every other Marâthâ house. The Moghal invaders of India were, in the same manner, obliged to allow their armies to take the auspices in the sack of a few towns, though they had surrendered without resistance. They were given up to pillage as a religions duty. Even the accomplished Bâbar was obliged to concede this privilege to his army. [W. H. S.]

In reply to the editor's inquiries, Colonel Biddulph, officiating Resident at Gwâlior, has kindly communicated the following information on the subject of the above note, in a letter dated 30th December, 1892. 'The custom of looting some "Banias'" shops on the installation of a new Maharaja in Gwâlior is still observed. It was observed when the present Mâdho Râo Sindhia was installed on the gadî on 3rd July, 1886, and the looting was stopped by the police on the owners of the shops calling out "Dohai Mâdho Mahârâjkî!" five shops were looted on the occasion, and compensation to the amount of Rs. 427, 4, 3 was paid to the owners. My informant tells me that the custom has apparently no connexion with religion, but is believed to refer to the days when the period between the decease of one ruler and the accession of his successor was one of disorder and plunder. The maintenance of the custom is supposed to notify to the people that they must now look to the new ruler for protection.

'According to another informant, some "banias" are called by the palace officers and directed to open their shops in the palace precincts, and money is given them to stock their shops. The poor people are then allowed to loot them. No shops are allowed to be looted in the bazaar.

'I cannot learn that any particular name is given to the ceremony, and there appears to be some doubt as to its meaning; but the best information seems to show that the reason assigned above is the correct one.

'I cannot give any information as to the existence of the custom in other Mahratta states.'

The custom was observed late in the sixth century at the birth of King Harsha-vardhana (Harsa-Caritâ, transl, Cowell and Thomas, p. 111). Anthropologists classify such practices as rites de passage, marking a transition from the old to the new.

'Bania', or 'baniyâ', means shopkeeper, especially a grain dealer; 'gadî', or 'gaddî', is the cushioned seat, also known as 'masnad', which serves a Hindoo prince as a throne; and 'dohâi' is the ordinary form of a cry for redress.

12. Ninety-two lâkhs of rupees were then worth more than £920,000. The I.G. (1908) states the normal revenue as 150 lâkhs of rupees, equivalent (at the rate of exchange of 1s. 4d. to the rupee, or R 15 = £1) to one million pounds sterling. The fall in exchange has greatly lowered the sterling equivalent.

13. The Bhîl tribes are included in the large group of tribes which have been driven back by the more cultivated races into the hills and jungles. They are found among the woods along the banks of the Nerbudda, Taptî, and Mahî, and in many parts of Central India and Râjputâna. Of late years they have generally kept quiet; in the earlier part of the nineteenth century they gave much trouble in Khândêsh. In Râjputâna two irregular corps of Bhîls have been organized.

14. Daughter of Mâhâdajî Sindhia. She died in 1834. See post,