Part 116

=620. Calculating Results.=—The specific gravity of the alcoholic distillate having been determined by any approved method and corrected to a temperature of 15°.6, the corresponding per cents of alcohol by volume and by weight are found by consulting the following table. If, for example, the corrected specific gravity be exactly that given in any figure of the table the corresponding per cents are directly read. If the specific gravity found fall between two numbers in the table the corresponding per cents are determined by interpolation.

TABLE SHOWING PERCENTAGE OF ALCOHOL BY WEIGHT AND BY VOLUME. -------------+------------------+--------------- Specific | Per cent | Per cent gravity at | alcohol | alcohol 15°.6/15°.6. | by volume. | by weight. -------------+------------------+--------------- 1.00000 | 0.00 | 0.00 0.99992 | .05 | .04 984 | .10 | .08 976 | .15 | .12 968 | .20 | .16 961 | .25 | .20 953 | .30 | .24 945 | .35 | .28 937 | .40 | .32 930 | .45 | .36 .99923 | 0.50 | 0.40 915 | .55 | .44 907 | .60 | .48 900 | .65 | .52 892 | .70 | .56 884 | .75 | .60 877 | .80 | .64 869 | .85 | .67 861 | .90 | .71 854 | .95 | .75 .99849 | 1.00 | 0.79 842 | .05 | .83 834 | .10 | .87 827 | .15 | .91 819 | .20 | .95 812 | .25 | .99 805 | .30 | 1.03 797 | .35 | .07 790 | .40 | .11 782 | .45 | .15 .99775 | 1.50 | 1.19 768 | .55 | .23 760 | .60 | .27 753 | .65 | .31 745 | .70 | .35 738 | .75 | .39 731 | .80 | .43 723 | .85 | .47 716 | .90 | .51 708 | .95 | .55 .99701 | 2.00 | 1.59 694 | .05 | .63 687 | .10 | .67 679 | .15 | .71 672 | .20 | .75 665 | .25 | .79 658 | .30 | .83 651 | .35 | .87 643 | .40 | .91 636 | .45 | .95 0.99629 | 2.50 | 1.99 622 | .55 | 2.03 615 | .60 | .07 607 | .65 | .11 600 | .70 | .15 593 | .75 | .19 586 | .80 | .23 579 | .85 | .27 571 | .90 | .31 564 | .95 | .35 .99557 | 3.00 | 2.39 550 | .05 | .43 543 | .10 | .47 536 | .15 | .51 529 | .20 | .55 522 | .25 | .59 515 | .30 | .64 508 | .35 | .68 501 | .40 | .72 494 | .45 | .76 .99487 | 3.50 | 2.80 480 | .55 | .84 473 | .60 | .88 466 | .65 | .92 459 | .70 | .96 452 | .75 | 3.00 445 | .80 | .04 438 | .85 | .08 431 | .90 | .12 424 | .95 | .16 .99417 | 4.00 | 3.20 410 | .05 | .24 403 | .10 | .28 397 | .15 | .32 390 | .20 | .36 383 | .25 | .40 376 | .30 | .44 369 | .35 | .48 363 | .40 | .52 356 | .45 | .56 .99349 | 4.50 | 3.60 342 | .55 | .64 335 | .60 | .68 329 | .65 | .72 322 | .70 | .76 315 | .75 | .80 308 | .80 | .84 301 | .85 | .88 295 | .90 | .92 288 | .95 | .96 0.99281 | 5.00 | 4.00 274 | .05 | .04 268 | .10 | .08 261 | .15 | .12 255 | .20 | .16 248 | .25 | .20 241 | .30 | .24 235 | .35 | .28 228 | .40 | .32 222 | .45 | .36 .99215 | 5.50 | 4.40 208 | .55 | .44 202 | .60 | .48 195 | .65 | .52 189 | .70 | .56 182 | .75 | .60 175 | .80 | .64 169 | .85 | .68 162 | .90 | .72 156 | .95 | .76 .99149 | 6.00 | 4.80 143 | .05 | .84 136 | .10 | .87 130 | .15 | .92 123 | .20 | .96 117 | .25 | 5.00 111 | .30 | .05 104 | .35 | .09 098 | .40 | .13 091 | .45 | .17 .99085 | 6.50 | 5.21 079 | .55 | .25 072 | .60 | .29 066 | .65 | .33 059 | .70 | .37 053 | .75 | .41 047 | .80 | .45 040 | .85 | .49 034 | .90 | .53 027 | .95 | .57 .99021 | 7.00 | 5.61 015 | .05 | .65 009 | .10 | .69 002 | .15 | .73 .98996 | .20 | .77 990 | .25 | .81 984 | .30 | .86 978 | .35 | .90 971 | .40 | .94 965 | .45 | .98 0.98959 | 7.50 | 6.02 953 | .55 | .06 947 | .60 | .10 940 | .65 | .14 934 | .70 | .18 928 | .75 | .22 922 | .80 | .26 916 | .85 | .30 909 | .90 | .34 903 | .95 | .38 .98897 | 8.00 | 6.42 891 | .05 | .46 885 | .10 | .50 879 | .15 | .54 873 | .20 | .58 867 | .25 | .62 861 | .30 | .67 855 | .35 | .71 849 | .40 | .75 843 | .45 | .79 .98837 | 8.50 | 6.83 831 | .55 | .87 825 | .60 | .91 819 | .65 | .95 813 | .70 | .99 807 | .75 | 7.03 801 | .80 | .07 795 | .85 | .11 789 | .90 | .15 783 | .95 | .19 .98777 | 9.00 | 7.23 771 | .05 | .27 765 | .10 | .31 754 | .20 | .39 748 | .25 | .43 742 | .30 | .48 736 | .35 | .52 724 | .45 | .60 .98719 | 9.50 | 7.64 713 | .55 | .68 707 | .60 | .72 701 | .65 | .76 695 | .70 | .80 689 | .75 | .84 683 | .80 | .88 678 | .85 | .92 672 | .90 | .96 666 | .95 | 8.00 0.98660 | 10.00 | 8.04 654 | .05 | .08 649 | .10 | .12 643 | .15 | .16 637 | .20 | .20 632 | .25 | .24 626 | .30 | .28 620 | .35 | .33 614 | .40 | .37 609 | .45 | .41 .98603 | 10.50 | 8.45 597 | .55 | .49 592 | .60 | .53 586 | .65 | .57 580 | .70 | .61 575 | .75 | .65 569 | .80 | .70 563 | .85 | .74 557 | .90 | .78 552 | .95 | .82 .98546 | 11.00 | 8.86 540 | .05 | .90 535 | .10 | .94 529 | .15 | .98 524 | .20 | 9.02 518 | .25 | .07 513 | .30 | .11 507 | .35 | .15 502 | .40 | .19 496 | .45 | .23 .98491 | 11.50 | 9.27 485 | .55 | .31 479 | .60 | .35 474 | .65 | .39 468 | .70 | .43 463 | .75 | .47 457 | .80 | .51 452 | .85 | .55 446 | .90 | .59 441 | .95 | .63 .98435 | 12.00 | 9.67 430 | .05 | .71 424 | .10 | .75 419 | .15 | .79 413 | .20 | .83 408 | .25 | .87 402 | .30 | .92 397 | .35 | .96 391 | .40 | 10.00 386 | .45 | .04 0.98381 | 12.50 | 10.08 375 | .55 | .12 370 | .60 | .16 364 | .65 | .20 359 | .70 | .24 353 | .75 | .28 348 | .80 | .33 342 | .85 | .37 337 | .90 | .41 331 | .95 | .45 .98326 | 13.00 | 10.49 321 | .05 | .53 315 | .10 | .57 310 | .15 | .61 305 | .20 | .65 299 | .25 | .69 294 | .30 | .74 289 | .35 | .78 283 | .40 | .82 278 | .45 | .86 .98273 | 13.50 | 10.90 267 | .55 | .94 262 | .60 | .98 256 | .65 | 11.02 251 | .70 | .06 246 | .75 | .14 240 | .80 | .15 235 | .85 | .19 230 | .90 | .23 224 | .95 | .27 .98219 | 14.00 | 11.31 214 | .05 | .35 209 | .10 | .39 203 | .15 | .43 198 | .20 | .47 193 | .25 | .52 188 | .30 | .56 182 | .35 | .60 177 | .40 | .64 172 | .45 | .68 .98167 | 14.50 | 11.72 161 | .55 | .76 156 | .60 | .80 151 | .65 | .84 146 | .70 | .88 140 | .75 | .93 135 | .80 | .97 130 | .85 | 12.01 125 | .90 | .05 119 | .95 | .09 0.98114 | 15.00 | 12.13 108 | .05 | .17 104 | .10 | .21 099 | .15 | .25 093 | .20 | .29 088 | .25 | .33 083 | .30 | .38 078 | .35 | .42 073 | .40 | .46 068 | .45 | .50 .98063 | 15.50 | 12.54 057 | .55 | .58 052 | .60 | .62 047 | .65 | .66 042 | .70 | .70 037 | .75 | .75 032 | .80 | .79 026 | .85 | .83 021 | .90 | .87 016 | .95 | .91 .98011 | 16.00 | 12.95 005 | .05 | .99 001 | .10 | 13.03 .97996 | .15 | .08 991 | .20 | .12 986 | .25 | .16 980 | .30 | .20 975 | .35 | .24 970 | .40 | .29 965 | .45 | .33 .97960 | 16.50 | 13.37 955 | .55 | .41 950 | .60 | .45 945 | .65 | .49 940 | .70 | .53 935 | .75 | .57 929 | .80 | .62 924 | .85 | .66 919 | .90 | .70 914 | .95 | .74 .97909 | 17.00 | 13.78 904 | .05 | .82 899 | .10 | .86 894 | .15 | .90 889 | .20 | .94 884 | .25 | .98 879 | .30 | 14.03 874 | .35 | .07 869 | .40 | .11 864 | .45 | .15 0.97859 | 17.50 | 14.19 853 | .55 | .23 848 | .60 | .27 843 | .65 | .31 838 | .70 | .35 833 | .75 | .40 828 | .80 | .44 823 | .85 | .48 818 | .90 | .52 813 | .95 | .56 .97808 | 18.00 | 14.60 803 | .05 | .64 798 | .10 | .68 793 | .15 | .73 788 | .20 | .77 783 | .25 | .81 778 | .30 | .85 773 | .35 | .89 768 | .40 | .94 763 | .45 | .98 .97758 | 18.50 | 15.02 753 | .55 | .06 748 | .60 | .10 743 | .65 | .14 738 | .70 | .18 733 | .75 | .22 728 | .80 | .27 723 | .85 | .31 718 | .90 | .35 713 | .95 | .39 .97708 | 19.00 | 15.43 703 | .05 | .47 698 | .10 | .51 693 | .15 | .55 688 | .20 | .59 683 | .25 | .63 678 | .30 | .68 673 | .35 | .72 668 | .40 | .76 663 | .45 | .80 .97658 | 19.50 | 15.84 653 | .55 | .88 648 | .60 | .93 643 | .65 | .97 638 | .70 | 16.01 633 | .75 | .05 628 | .80 | .09 623 | .85 | .14 618 | .90 | .18 613 | .95 | .22 0.97608 | 20.00 | 16.26 603 | .05 | .30 598 | .10 | .34 593 | .15 | .38 588 | .20 | .42 583 | .25 | .46 578 | .30 | .51 573 | .35 | .58 568 | .40 | .59 563 | .45 | .63 .97558 | 20.50 | 16.67 552 | .55 | .71 547 | .60 | .75 542 | .65 | .80 537 | .70 | .84 532 | .75 | .88 527 | .80 | .92 522 | .85 | .96 517 | .90 | 17.01 512 | .95 | .05 .97507 | 21.00 | 17.09 502 | .05 | .13 497 | .10 | .17 492 | .15 | .22 487 | .20 | .26 482 | .25 | .30 477 | .30 | .34 472 | .35 | .38 467 | .40 | .43 462 | .45 | .47 .97457 | 21.50 | 17.51 451 | .55 | .55 446 | .60 | .59 441 | .65 | .63 436 | .70 | .67 431 | .75 | .71 426 | .80 | .76 421 | .85 | .80 416 | .90 | .84 411 | .95 | .88 .97406 | 22.00 | 17.92 401 | .05 | .96 396 | .10 | 18.00 391 | .15 | .05 386 | .20 | .09 381 | .25 | .13 375 | .30 | .17 370 | .35 | .21 365 | .40 | .26 360 | .45 | .30 0.97355 | 22.50 | 18.34 350 | .55 | .38 345 | .60 | .42 340 | .65 | .47 335 | .70 | .51 330 | .75 | .55 324 | .80 | .59 319 | .85 | .63 314 | .90 | .68 309 | .95 | .72 .97304 | 23.00 | 18.76 299 | .05 | .80 294 | .10 | .84 289 | .15 | .88 283 | .20 | .92 278 | .25 | .96 273 | .30 | 19.01 268 | .35 | .05 263 | .40 | .09 258 | .45 | .13 .97253 | 23.50 | 19.17 247 | .55 | .21 242 | .60 | .25 237 | .65 | .30 232 | .70 | .34 227 | .75 | .38 222 | .80 | .42 216 | .85 | .46 211 | .90 | .51 206 | .95 | .55 .97201 | 24.00 | 19.59 196 | .05 | .63 191 | .10 | .67 185 | .15 | .72 180 | .20 | .76 175 | .25 | .80 170 | .30 | .84 165 | .35 | .88 159 | .40 | .93 154 | .45 | .97 .97149 | 24.50 | 20.01 144 | .55 | .05 139 | .60 | .09 133 | .65 | .14 128 | .70 | .18 123 | .75 | .22 118 | .80 | .26 113 | .85 | .30 107 | .90 | .35 102 | .95 | .39 0.97097 | 25.00 | 20.43 092 | .05 | .47 086 | .10 | .51 081 | .15 | .56 076 | .20 | .60 071 | .25 | .64 065 | .30 | .68 060 | .35 | .72 055 | .40 | .77 049 | .45 | .81 .97014 | 25.50 | 20.85 039 | .55 | .89 033 | .60 | .93 028 | .65 | .98 023 | .70 | 21.02 018 | .75 | .06 012 | .80 | .10 007 | .85 | .14 001 | .90 | .19 .96996 | .95 | .23 .96991 | 26.00 | 21.27 986 | .05 | .31 980 | .10 | .35 975 | .15 | .40 969 | .20 | .44 964 | .25 | .48 959 | .30 | .52 953 | .35 | .56 949 | .40 | .61 942 | .45 | .65 .96937 | 26.50 | 21.69 932 | .55 | .73 926 | .60 | .77 921 | .65 | .82 915 | .70 | .86 910 | .75 | .90 905 | .80 | .94 899 | .85 | .98 894 | .90 | 22.03 888 | .95 | .07 .96883 | 27.00 | 22.11 877 | .05 | .15 872 | .10 | .20 866 | .15 | .24 861 | .20 | .28 855 | .25 | .33 850 | .30 | .37 844 | .35 | .41 839 | .40 | .45 833 | .45 | .50 0.96828 | 27.50 | 22.54 822 | .55 | .58 816 | .60 | .62 811 | .65 | .67 805 | .70 | .71 800 | .75 | .75 794 | .80 | .79 789 | .85 | .83 783 | .90 | .88 778 | .95 | .92 .96772 | 28.00 | 22.96 766 | .05 | 23.00 761 | .10 | .04 755 | .15 | .09 749 | .20 | .13 744 | .25 | .17 738 | .30 | .21 732 | .35 | .25 726 | .40 | .30 721 | .45 | .34 .96715 | 28.50 | 23.38 709 | .55 | .42 704 | .60 | .47 698 | .65 | .51 692 | .70 | .55 687 | .75 | .60 681 | .80 | .64 675 | .85 | .68 669 | .90 | .72 664 | .95 | .77 .96658 | 29.00 | 23.81 652 | .05 | .85 646 | .10 | .89 640 | .15 | .94 635 | .20 | .98 629 | .25 | 24.02 623 | .30 | .06 617 | .35 | .10 611 | .40 | .15 605 | .45 | .19 .96600 | 29.50 | 24.23 594 | .55 | .27 587 | .60 | .32 582 | .65 | .36 576 | .70 | .40 570 | .75 | .45 564 | .80 | .49 559 | .85 | .53 553 | .90 | .57 547 | .95 | .62 0.96541 | 30.00 | 24.66 535 | .05 | .70 529 | .10 | .74 523 | .15 | .79 517 | .20 | .83 511 | .25 | .87 505 | .30 | .91 499 | .35 | .95 493 | .40 | 25.00 487 | .45 | .04 .96481 | 30.50 | 25.08 475 | .55 | .12 469 | .60 | .17 463 | .65 | .21 457 | .70 | .25 451 | .75 | .30 445 | .80 | .34 439 | .85 | .38 433 | .90 | .42 427 | .95 | .47 .96421 | 31.00 | 25.51 415 | .05 | .55 409 | .10 | .60 403 | .15 | .64 396 | .20 | .68 390 | .25 | .73 384 | .30 | .77 378 | .35 | .81 372 | .40 | .85 366 | .45 | .90 .96360 | 31.50 | 25.94 353 | .55 | .98 347 | .60 | 26.03 341 | .65 | .07 335 | .70 | .11 329 | .75 | .16 323 | .80 | .20 316 | .85 | .24 310 | .90 | .28 304 | .95 | .33 .96298 | 32.00 | 26.37 292 | .05 | .41 285 | .10 | .46 279 | .15 | .50 273 | .20 | .54 267 | .25 | .59 260 | .30 | .63 254 | .35 | .67 248 | .40 | .71 241 | .45 | .76 0.96235 | 32.50 | 26.80 229 | .55 | .84 222 | .60 | .89 216 | .65 | .93 210 | .70 | .97 204 | .75 | 27.02 197 | .80 | .06 191 | .85 | .10 185 | .90 | .14 178 | .95 | .19 .96172 | 33.00 | 27.23 166 | .05 | .27 159 | .10 | .32 153 | .15 | .36 146 | .20 | .40 140 | .25 | .45 133 | .30 | .49 127 | .35 | .53 120 | .40 | .57 114 | .45 | .62 .96108 | 33.50 | 27.66 101 | .55 | .70 095 | .60 | .75 088 | .65 | .79 082 | .70 | .83 075 | .75 | .88 069 | .80 | .92 062 | .85 | .97 056 | .90 | 28.00 049 | .95 | .05 .96043 | 34.00 | 28.09 036 | .05 | .13 030 | .10 | .18 023 | .15 | .22 016 | .20 | .26 010 | .25 | .31 003 | .30 | .35 .95996 | .35 | .39 990 | .40 | .43 983 | .45 | .48 .95977 | 34.50 | 28.52 970 | .55 | .56 963 | .60 | .61 957 | .65 | .65 950 | .70 | .70 943 | .75 | .74 937 | .80 | .78 930 | .85 | .83 923 | .90 | .87 917 | .95 | .92 0.95910 | 35.00 | 28.96 903 | .05 | 29.00 896 | .10 | .05 889 | .15 | .09 883 | .20 | .13 876 | .25 | .18 869 | .30 | .22 862 | .35 | .26 855 | .40 | .30 848 | .45 | .35 .95842 | 35.50 | 29.39 835 | .55 | .43 828 | .60 | .48 821 | .65 | .52 814 | .70 | .57 807 | .75 | .61 800 | .80 | .65 794 | .85 | .70 787 | .90 | .74 780 | .95 | .79 .95773 | 36.00 | 29.83 766 | .05 | .87 759 | .10 | .92 752 | .15 | .96 745 | .20 | 30.00 738 | .25 | .05 731 | .30 | .09 724 | .35 | .13 717 | .40 | .17 710 | .45 | .22 .95703 | 36.50 | 30.26 695 | .55 | .30 688 | .60 | .35 681 | .65 | .39 674 | .70 | .44 667 | .75 | .48 660 | .80 | .52 653 | .85 | .57 646 | .90 | .61 639 | .95 | .66 .95632 | 37.00 | 30.70 625 | .05 | .74 618 | .10 | .79 610 | .15 | .83 603 | .20 | .88 596 | .25 | .92 589 | .30 | .96 581 | .35 | 31.01 574 | .40 | .05 567 | .45 | .10 0.95560 | 37.50 | 31.14 552 | .55 | .18 545 | .60 | .23 538 | .65 | .27 531 | .70 | .32 523 | .75 | .36 516 | .80 | .40 509 | .85 | .45 502 | .90 | .49 494 | .95 | .54 .95487 | 38.00 | 31.58 480 | .05 | .63 472 | .10 | .67 465 | .15 | .72 457 | .20 | .76 450 | .25 | .81 442 | .30 | .85 435 | .35 | .90 427 | .40 | .94 420 | .45 | .99 .95413 | 38.50 | 32.03 405 | .55 | .07 398 | .60 | .12 390 | .65 | .16 383 | .70 | .20 375 | .75 | .25 368 | .80 | .29 360 | .85 | .33 353 | .90 | .37 345 | .95 | .42 .95338 | 39.00 | 32.46 330 | .05 | .50 323 | .10 | .55 315 | .15 | .59 307 | .20 | .64 300 | .25 | .68 292 | .30 | .72 284 | .35 | .77 277 | .40 | .81 269 | .45 | .86 .95262 | 39.50 | 32.90 254 | .55 | .95 246 | .60 | .99 239 | .65 | 33.04 231 | .70 | .08 223 | .75 | .13 216 | .80 | .17 208 | .85 | .22 200 | .90 | .27 193 | .95 | .31 0.95185 | 40.00 | 33.35 177 | .05 | .39 169 | .10 | .44 161 | .15 | .48 154 | .20 | .53 146 | .25 | .57 138 | .30 | .61 130 | .35 | .66 122 | .40 | .70 114 | .45 | .75 .95107 | 40.50 | 33.79 099 | .55 | .84 091 | .60 | .88 083 | .65 | .93 075 | .70 | .97 067 | .75 | 34.02 059 | .80 | .06 052 | .85 | .11 044 | .90 | .15 036 | .95 | .20 .95028 | 41.00 | 34.24 020 | .05 | .28 012 | .10 | .33 004 | .15 | .37 .94996 | .20 | .42 988 | .25 | .46 980 | .30 | .50 972 | .35 | .55 964 | .40 | .59 956 | .45 | .64 .94948 | 41.50 | 34.68 940 | .55 | .73 932 | .60 | .77 924 | .65 | .82 916 | .70 | .86 908 | .75 | .91 900 | .80 | .95 892 | .85 | 35.00 884 | .90 | .04 876 | .95 | .09 .94868 | 42.00 | 35.13 860 | .05 | .18 852 | .10 | .22 843 | .15 | .27 835 | .20 | .31 827 | .25 | .36 820 | .30 | .40 811 | .35 | .45 802 | .40 | .49 794 | .45 | .54 0.94786 | 42.50 | 35.58 778 | .55 | .63 770 | .60 | .67 761 | .65 | .72 753 | .70 | .76 745 | .75 | .81 737 | .80 | .85 729 | .85 | .90 720 | .90 | .94 712 | .95 | .99 .94704 | 43.00 | 36.03 696 | .05 | .08 687 | .10 | .12 679 | .15 | .17 670 | .20 | .21 662 | .25 | .23 654 | .30 | .30 645 | .35 | .35 637 | .40 | .39 628 | .45 | .44 .94620 | 43.50 | 36.48 612 | .55 | .53 603 | .60 | .57 595 | .65 | .62 586 | .70 | .66 578 | .75 | .71 570 | .80 | .75 561 | .85 | .80 553 | .90 | .84 544 | .95 | .89 .94536 | 44.00 | 36.93 527 | .05 | .98 519 | .10 | 37.02 510 | .15 | .07 502 | .20 | .11 493 | .25 | .16 484 | .30 | .21 476 | .35 | .25 467 | .40 | .30 459 | .45 | .34 .94450 | 44.50 | 37.39 441 | .55 | .44 433 | .60 | .48 424 | .65 | .53 416 | .70 | .57 407 | .75 | .62 398 | .80 | .66 390 | .85 | .71 381 | .90 | .76 373 | .95 | .80 0.94364 | 45.00 | 37.84 355 | .05 | .89 346 | .10 | .93 338 | .15 | .98 329 | .20 | 38.02 320 | .25 | .07 311 | .30 | .12 302 | .35 | .16 294 | .40 | .21 285 | .45 | .25 .94276 | 45.50 | 38.30 267 | .55 | .35 258 | .60 | .39 250 | .65 | .44 241 | .70 | .48 232 | .75 | .53 223 | .80 | .57 214 | .85 | .62 206 | .90 | .66 197 | .95 | .71 .94188 | 46.00 | 38.75 179 | .05 | .80 170 | .10 | .84 161 | .15 | .89 152 | .20 | .93 143 | .25 | .98 134 | .30 | 39.03 125 | .35 | .07 116 | .40 | .12 107 | .45 | .16 .94098 | 46.50 | 39.21 089 | .55 | .26 080 | .60 | .30 071 | .65 | .35 062 | .70 | .39 053 | .75 | .44 044 | .80 | .49 035 | .85 | .53 026 | .90 | .58 017 | .95 | .62 .94008 | 47.00 | 39.67 .93999 | .05 | .72 990 | .10 | .76 980 | .15 | .81 971 | .20 | .85 962 | .25 | .90 953 | .30 | .95 944 | .35 | .99 934 | .40 | 40.04 925 | .45 | .08 0.93916 | 47.50 | 40.13 906 | .55 | .18 898 | .60 | .22 888 | .65 | .27 879 | .70 | .32 870 | .75 | .37 861 | .80 | .41 852 | .85 | .46 842 | .90 | .51 833 | .95 | .55 .93824 | 48.00 | 40.60 815 | .05 | .65 808 | .10 | .69 796 | .15 | .74 786 | .20 | .78 777 | .25 | .83 768 | .30 | .88 758 | .35 | .92 740 | .40 | .97 739 | .45 | 41.01 .93730 | 48.50 | 41.06 721 | .55 | .11 711 | .60 | .15 702 | .65 | .20 692 | .70 | .24 683 | .75 | .29 673 | .80 | .34 664 | .85 | .38 655 | .90 | .43 645 | .95 | .47 .93636 | 49.00 | 41.52 626 | .05 | .57 617 | .10 | .61 607 | .15 | .66 598 | .20 | .71 588 | .25 | .76 578 | .30 | .80 569 | .35 | .85 559 | .40 | .90 550 | .45 | .94 .93540 | 49.50 | 41.99 530 | .55 | 42.04 521 | .60 | .08 511 | .65 | .13 502 | .70 | .18 492 | .75 | .23 482 | .80 | .27 473 | .85 | .32 463 | .90 | .37 454 | .95 | .41 -------------+------------------+------------------

=621. Determination of Percentage of Alcohol by Means Of Vapor Temperature.=—The temperature of a mixture of alcohol and water vapors is less than that of water alone and the depression is inversely proportional to the quantity of alcohol present. This principle is utilized in the construction of the ebullioscope or ebulliometer. In this apparatus the temperature of pure boiling water vapor is determined by a preliminary experiment. This point must be frequently revised in order to correct it for variations in barometric pressure. The water is withdrawn from the boiler of the apparatus, the same volume of a wine or beer placed therein, and the vapor temperature again determined. By comparing the boiling point of the wine, with a scale calibrated for different percentages of alcohol, the quantity of spirit present is determined. When water vapor is at 100° a vin ordinaire having eight per cent of alcohol gives a vapor at 93°.8. The presence of extractive matters in the sample, which tend to raise its boiling point, is neglected in the calculation of results.

=622. Improved Ebullioscope.=—The principle mentioned in the above paragraph may be applied with a considerable degree of accuracy, by using the improved ebullioscope described below.

The apparatus consists of a glass flask F, shaped somewhat like an erlenmeyer, closed at the top with a rubber stopper carrying a central aperture for the insertion of the delicate thermometer A B, and a lateral smaller aperture for connecting the interior of the flask with the condenser D. The return of the condensed vapors from D is effected through the tube entering the flask F in such a manner as to deliver the condensed liquid beneath the surface of the liquid in F as shown in the figure. The flask F contains pieces of scrap platinum or pumice stone to prevent bumping and secure an even ebullition. The flask F rests upon a disk of asbestos, perforated in such a way as to have the opening fully covered by the bottom of the flask. To protect F against the influence of air currents it is enclosed in the glass cylinder E resting on the asbestos disk below and closed with a detachable soft rubber cover at the top. The temperature between the cylinder E and the flask F is measured by the thermometer C and the flame of the lamp G should be so adjusted as to bring the temperature between the flask F and the cylinder E to about 90° at the time of reading the thermometer B. The bulb of the thermometer B may be protected by a thin glass tube carrying distilled water, so adjusted as to prevent the escape of the watery vapor into F. The thermometer B is such as is used for determining molecular weights by the cryoscopic method. It has a cistern at A which holds any excess of mercury not needed in adjusting the thermometer for any required temperature.

A second apparatus, exactly similar to the one described, is conveniently used for measuring the changes in barometric pressure during the process of the analysis. The temperature of the vapor of boiling water having been first determined, the beer or wine is placed in F, and the temperature of the vapor of the boiling liquid determined after the temperature of the air layer between E and F reaches about 90°, measured on the thermometer C. By using alcoholic mixtures of known strength the depression for each changing per cent of alcohol is determined for each system of apparatus employed, and this having once been done, the percentage of alcohol in any unknown liquid is at once determined by inspecting the thermometer, the bulb of which is immersed in the vapor from the boiling liquid. In the apparatus figured, a depression of 0°.8 is equivalent to one per cent of alcohol by volume. Full directions for the manipulation of the apparatus may be found in the paper cited above.

=623. Total Fixed Matters.=—The residue left on evaporating a fermented beverage to dryness is commonly known as extractive matter, or simply extract. It is composed chiefly of unfermented carbohydrates, organic acids, nitrogenous bodies, glycerol and mineral substances. Hydrochloric and sulfuric acids may also be found therein. If any non-volatile preservatives have been used in the sample, such as borax, salicylates and the like, these will also be found in the solid residue. The bodies which escape are water, alcohols, ethers and essential oils. The character of the residue left by wines and beers is evidently different. In each case it should contain typical components which aid in judging of the purity of the sample. For instance, in beers the substitution for malt of carbohydrate bodies comparatively free of proteids, produces a beer containing a deficiency of nitrogenous bodies. Pure malt beer will rarely have less than one-half of a per cent of proteids, while beer made largely of glucose, rice or hominy grits, will have a much smaller quantity. First will be described below the methods of determining the fixed residue left on evaporation, and thereafter the processes for ascertaining its leading components.

=624. Methods of the Official Chemists.=—Two methods are in use by the official chemists for determining the fixed solids in fermented beverages. They are as follows:

Direct Method.—Fifty cubic centimeters of the sample are weighed, placed in a platinum dish about eighty millimeters in diameter and capable of holding about seventy-five cubic centimeters and evaporated on the steam bath to a sirupy consistence. The residue is heated for two and a half hours in a drying oven at the temperature of boiling water and weighed.

In Sweet Wines.—Ten cubic centimeters of the liquor are weighed and diluted to 100 with water. Fifty cubic centimeters of this solution are evaporated as described above.

Optional Method.—Fifty cubic centimeters of the sample are placed in a platinum or porcelain dish and evaporated on the steam bath until the volume is reduced to one-third. The dealcoholized liquid is washed into a fifty cubic centimeter flask, cooled and made up to the original volume. It is mixed thoroughly and the specific gravity ascertained with a pyknometer, hydrostatic balance or an accurately standardized hydrometer. The percentage of total solids is obtained from the appended table. The column on the left of the specific gravity gives the percentage of extract in a wine, as calculated by Hager, and that on the right the percentage of extract in a beer or wort, as calculated by Schultze. According to Baumert, however, Schultze’s table gives results which approximate more closely the data obtained by direct estimation than does Hager’s.

TABLES OF HAGER AND SCHULTZE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF EXTRACT BY THE INDIRECT METHOD. ======+==================+=========== Hager.| Specific gravity.| Schultze. ------+------------------+----------- 0.84 | 1.0038 | 1.00 0.86 | 1.0039 | 1.02 0.88 | 1.0040 | 1.05 0.90 | 1.0041 | 1.08 0.92 | 1.0042 | 1.10 0.94 | 1.0043 | 1.13 0.96 | 1.0044 | 1.15 0.98 | 1.0045 | 1.18 1.00 | 1.0046 | 1.21 1.02 | 1.0047 | 1.23 1.04 | 1.0048 | 1.26 1.06 | 1.0049 | 1.29 1.08 | 1.0050 | 1.31 1.10 | 1.0051 | 1.34 1.12 | 1.0052 | 1.36 1.15 | 1.0053 | 1.39 1.17 | 1.0054 | 1.41 1.19 | 1.0055 | 1.44 1.22 | 1.0056 | 1.46 1.25 | 1.0057 | 1.49 1.27 | 1.0058 | 1.51 1.30 | 1.0059 | 1.54 1.32 | 1.0060 | 1.56 1.34 | 1.0061 | 1.59 1.37 | 1.0062 | 1.62 1.39 | 1.0063 | 1.64 1.42 | 1.0064 | 1.67 1.44 | 1.0065 | 1.69 1.46 | 1.0066 | 1.72 1.48 | 1.0067 | 1.74 1.50 | 1.0068 | 1.77 1.52 | 1.0069 | 1.79 1.55 | 1.0070 | 1.82 1.57 | 1.0071 | 1.84 1.59 | 1.0072 | 1.87 1.61 | 1.0073 | 1.90 1.64 | 1.0074 | 1.92 1.66 | 1.0075 | 1.95 1.68 | 1.0076 | 1.97 1.70 | 1.0077 | 2.00 1.72 | 1.0078 | 2.02 1.75 | 1.0079 | 2.05 1.77 | 1.0080 | 2.07 1.79 | 1.0081 | 2.10 1.82 | 1.0082 | 2.12 1.84 | 1.0083 | 2.15 1.86 | 1.0084 | 2.17 1.88 | 1.0085 | 2.20 1.90 | 1.0086 | 2.23 1.92 | 1.0087 | 2.25 1.94 | 1.0088 | 2.28 1.96 | 1.0089 | 2.30 1.98 | 1.0090 | 2.33 2.00 | 1.0091 | 2.35 2.03 | 1.0092 | 2.38 2.05 | 1.0093 | 2.41 2.07 | 1.0094 | 2.43 2.09 | 1.0095 | 2.46 2.11 | 1.0096 | 2.48 2.14 | 1.0097 | 2.51 2.16 | 1.0098 | 2.53 2.18 | 1.0099 | 2.56 2.21 | 1.0100 | 2.58 2.23 | 1.0101 | 2.61 2.25 | 1.0102 | 2.64 2.27 | 1.0103 | 2.66 2.30 | 1.0104 | 2.69 2.32 | 1.0105 | 2.71 2.34 | 1.0106 | 2.74 2.36 | 1.0107 | 2.76 2.38 | 1.0108 | 2.79 2.40 | 1.0109 | 2.82 2.42 | 1.0110 | 2.84 2.44 | 1.0111 | 2.87 2.46 | 1.0112 | 2.89 2.48 | 1.0113 | 2.92 2.50 | 1.0114 | 2.94 2.52 | 1.0115 | 2.97 2.54 | 1.0116 | 2.99 2.57 | 1.0117 | 3.02 2.59 | 1.0118 | 3.05 2.61 | 1.0119 | 3.07 2.64 | 1.0120 | 3.10 2.66 | 1.0121 | 3.12 2.68 | 1.0122 | 3.15 2.70 | 1.0123 | 3.17 2.72 | 1.0124 | 3.20 2.75 | 1.0125 | 3.23 2.77 | 1.0126 | 3.25 2.79 | 1.0127 | 3.28 2.82 | 1.0128 | 3.30 2.84 | 1.0129 | 3.33 2.86 | 1.0130 | 3.35 2.88 | 1.0131 | 3.38 2.90 | 1.0132 | 3.41 2.92 | 1.0133 | 3.43 2.94 | 1.0134 | 3.46 2.96 | 1.0135 | 3.48 2.98 | 1.0136 | 3.51 3.00 | 1.0137 | 3.54 ======+==================+===========

If it be desired to use this table for the examination of liquors containing a higher percentage of extract, Schultze’s table (intended originally for wort) may be consulted.

Gautier regards the fixed solids as the residue obtained on evaporating, in a flat platinum dish, ten cubic centimeters of wine at 100° for four hours and a half.

The official French method is as follows: Twenty cubic centimeters of wine are placed in a flat bottom, platinum dish of such a diameter that the depth of the liquid therein does not exceed one millimeter. The dish should be immersed as totally as possible in the steam. The heating is continued for six hours.

The following method is used at the municipal laboratory of Paris:

Twenty-five cubic centimeters of wine are placed in a flat bottom, platinum dish seventy millimeters in diameter and twenty-five deep. The dish is placed on a water bath in such a manner that it just touches the surface of the water which is kept at a constant level. The heating is continued for seven hours.

=625. Determination in a Vacuum.=—To avoid the changes and decomposition produced by heating, the fixed solids may also be determined by drying the sample in a vacuum over sulfuric acid. In this laboratory, it has been found that the process may be greatly facilitated by connecting the desiccating apparatus with the vacuum service of the working desks in which a vacuum corresponding to a mercurial column of 600 millimeters is obtained. The desiccator is provided with a valve whereby a minute current of dry air is allowed to flow through it. This current is not large enough to lessen the vacuum but is sufficient to greatly accelerate the rapidity of the evaporation. The evaporation is hastened also, in a marked degree, by absorbing the liquid with a piece of filter paper previously dried in a vacuum. When it is desired to examine the residue, however, it must be obtained in a flat dish exposing a large surface to evaporation.

=626. Estimation of Water.=—It is evident that the percentage of water in a fermented beverage is easily calculated when the percentage of alcohol by weight and that of the dry residue are known. In a given case, if the number of grams of alcohol in 100 of the sample be five and that of fixed solids four and a half, the quantity of water therein is 100 - (5.0 + 4.5) = 90.5 grams. In this case the volatile essences are counted as water, but these, at most, are so small in quantity as to be practically unweighable. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that direct drying, in many cases, may give erroneous results, especially when the sample contains an abundance of ethers and of glycerol. The loss which takes place on evaporation may be diminished by adding to the sample, before evaporation, a known weight of potassium sulfate in crystals, which serves to increase the surface of evaporation, to hasten the process and to obtain a quantity of residue in excess of that secured by direct evaporation in an open dish.

=627. Total Acidity.=—The acidity found in fermented beverages is due both to the natural acids of the materials from which they are made, and to those caused by fermentation. The typical acids also indicate the nature of the original materials, as malic in cider and tartaric in wine. The acids of beers are due almost exclusively to fermentation, and acetic is probably the dominant one. In determining total acidity, it is not always convenient to ascertain beforehand what acid predominates, nor to accurately distribute the acid among its various components. In the analytical work it is advisable, therefore, to estimate the total acid of cider as malic, of wines as tartaric and of beers as acetic. The process of titration is conducted as follows:

Expel any carbon dioxid that is present by continued shaking. Transfer ten cubic centimeters to a beaker and, in the case of white wines, add about ten drops of a neutral litmus solution. Add decinormal sodium hydroxid solution until the red color changes to violet. Then add the reagent, a few drops at a time, until a drop of the liquid, placed on delicate red litmus paper, shows an alkaline reaction.

One cubic centimeter of decinormal sodium hydroxid solution = 0.0075 gram tartaric, 0.0067 of malic and 0.006 gram of acetic acid.

=628. Determination of Volatile Acids.=—Fifty cubic centimeters of the sample, to which a little tannin has been added to prevent foaming, are distilled in a current of steam. The flask is heated until the liquid boils, when the lamp under it is turned down and the steam passed through until 200 cubic centimeters have been collected in the receiver. The distillate is titrated with decinormal sodium hydroxid solution and the result expressed as acetic acid.

One cubic centimeter of decinormal sodium hydroxid solution = 0.0060 gram acetic acid.

The acidity due to volatile acids may be determined by ascertaining the total acidity as above described, evaporating 100 cubic centimeters to one-third of their volume, restoring the original volume with water and again titrating. The difference between the first and second titrations represents the volatile acidity.

A method of determining volatile acidity in wines, without the application of heat, has been proposed by de la Source. The sample, five cubic centimeters, freed of carbon dioxid by shaking, is placed in a flat dish about eight centimeters in diameter. In a separate portion of the sample, the total acidity is determined in the presence of phenolphthalien by a set solution of barium hydroxid, one cubic centimeter of which is equal to four milligrams of sulfuric acid. The sample in the flat dish is placed in a desiccator, which contains both sulfuric acid and solid potassium hydroxid, and left for two days, by which time it is practically dry. The residue is dissolved in two cubic centimeters of warm water and the dish is kept in the desiccator for an additional two days. By this time the volatile acids, even acetic, will have disappeared and the residual acidity is determined after solution in water.

The method is also applicable when wines have been treated with an alkali. In this case two samples of five cubic centimeters each are acidified with two cubic centimeters of a solution of tartaric acid containing twenty-five grams per liter. This treatment sets free the volatile acids, and their quantity is determined as before.

=629. Titration with Phenolphthalien.=—The total acidity is also easily determined by titration with a set alkali, using phenolphthalien as indicator. Colored liquors must be treated with animal black before the analysis. The sample is shaken to expel carbon dioxid and five cubic centimeters added to 100 of water containing phenolphthalien. The set alkali (tenth normal soda) is added until the red color is discharged. Even wines having a considerable degree of color may be titrated in this way. The acidity, expressed as tartaric, may be stated as due to sulfuric by dividing by 1.53.