PART II.. The Treatment of the Material.

THE TREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL.

Introduction 199

XVII. The Laboratory Outfit 201

XVIII. The Examination of Fresh Material 208

XIX. The Preservation of Macroscopic Preparations 222

XX. The Fixation and Hardening of Tissues 225

XXI. Decalcification 232

XXII. Imbedding 234

XXIII. Section-cutting 238

XXIV. The Preparation of Mounted Sections 243

XXV. Staining and Staining Methods.—Nuclear and Protoplasmic Stains 253

XXVI. Special Staining Methods for the Demonstration of Pathologic Conditions in Cells or Tissues 262

XXVII. The Staining of Pathogenic Micro-organisms in Tissues 277

XXVIII. The Staining of Special Organs and Tissues 288

XXIX. Microscopic Examinations for Medicolegal Purposes 305

XXX. The Study of Mounted Preparations 309

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE PAGE

1. Large section, or cartilage knives 10

2. Scalpels 10

3. Long section knife 11

4. Myelotome 11

5. Autopsy scissors of various types 12

6. Enterotome 13

7. Costotome 13

8. Large autopsy saw 13

9. Small autopsy saw 14

10. Hey’s saw 14

11. Luer’s rhachiotome 14

12. T-chisel or skull-opener 14

13. Hatchet chisel 14

14. Straight bone chisel 14

15. Brunetti chisels 15

16. Steel hammer 15

17. Wooden mallet 15

18. Forceps 15

19. Bone-forceps 16

20. Bone-nippers 16

21. Probe 16

22. Blow-pipe 16

23. Hand bone-drill 17

24. Needles 18

25. Brass measuring-stick 18

26. Author’s method of removing skull-cap 65

27. Skull-cap after removal, showing interlocking joint 67

28. Method of examination of brain (after Nauwerck) 71

29. Section of brain. Ventricles opened (after Nauwerck) 72

30. Method of Pitres 75

31. Base of cranium after removal of brain (after Nauwerck) 79

32. Incisions for examination of orbit, ear and nose 80

33. Tympanic cavity after removal of tegmen (after Politzer) 81

34. Sagittal section through left middle ear, outer half (after Politzer) 84

35. Sagittal section through left middle ear, inner half (after Politzer) 84

36. The main incision completed (after Nauwerck) 97

37. Method of disarticulating sternoclavicular articulation (after Nauwerck) 101

38. Section of left ventricle and auricle (after Nauwerck) 108

39. Removal of heart (after Nauwerck) 112

40. Section of right auricle and ventricle, Nauwerck method 114

41. Incision for opening of aortic ring (after Nauwerck) 115

42. Section of left lung (after Nauwerck) 118

43. Section of right lung (after Nauwerck) 119

44. Removal of neck organs (after Nauwerck) 132

45. Section of male pelvic organs (after Nauwerck) 162

46. Section of female pelvic organs (after Nauwerck) 164

47. Method of opening abdomen of new-born (after Nauwerck) 178

48. Section of pulmonary artery in new-born (after Nauwerck) 179

49. Method of demonstrating Béclard center (after Nauwerck) 180

50. A satisfactory microscope for the working laboratory 202

51. A good practical microtome 206

52. Cathcart freezing microtome 212

53. Carbonic-acid freezing microtome, Becker model 213

54. Bardeen freezing microtome 214

55. Knife for Bardeen freezing microtome 215