Part 2

PLEASANT WAYS IN SCIENCE

BY RICHARD A. PROCTOR

AUTHOR OF “ROUGH WAYS MADE SMOOTH,” “THE EXPANSE OF HEAVEN,” “OUR PLACE AMONG INFINITIES,” “MYTHS AND MARVELS OF ASTRONOMY,” ETC. ETC.

NEW IMPRESSION

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY 1905

CONTENTS.

PAGE OXYGEN IN THE SUN 1

SUN-SPOT, STORM, AND FAMINE 28

NEW WAYS OF MEASURING THE SUN’S DISTANCE 56

DRIFTING LIGHT WAVES 77

THE NEW STAR WHICH FADED INTO STAR-MIST 106

STAR-GROUPING, STAR-DRIFT, AND STAR-MIST 136

MALLET’S THEORY OF VOLCANOES 151

TOWARDS THE NORTH POLE 156

A MIGHTY SEA-WAVE 178

STRANGE SEA CREATURES 199

ON SOME MARVELS IN TELEGRAPHY 232

THE PHONOGRAPH, OR VOICE-RECORDER 274

THE GORILLA AND OTHER APES 296

THE USE AND ABUSE OF FOOD 330

OZONE 347

DEW 357

THE LEVELLING POWER OF RAIN 367

ANCIENT BABYLONIAN ASTROGONY 388

PREFACE.

It is very necessary that all who desire to become really proficient in any department of science should follow the beaten track, toiling more or less painfully over the difficult parts of the high road which is their only trustworthy approach to the learning they desire to attain. But there are many who wish to learn about scientific discoveries without this special labour, for which some have, perhaps, little taste, while many have scant leisure. My purpose in the present work, as in my “Light Science for Leisure Hours,” the “Myths and Marvels of Astronomy,” the “Borderland of Science,” and “Science Byways,” has been to provide paths of easy access to the knowledge of some of the more interesting discoveries, researches, or inquiries of the science of the day. I wish it to be distinctly understood that my purpose is to interest rather than to instruct, in the strict sense of the word. But I may add that it seems to me even more necessary to be cautious, and accurate in such a work as the present than in advanced treatises. For in a scientific work the reasoning which accompanies the statements of fact affords the means of testing and sometimes of correcting such statements. In a work like the present, where explanation and description take the place of reasoning, there is no such check. For this reason I have been very careful in the accounts which I have given of the subjects here dealt with. I have been particularly careful not to present, as established truths, such views as are at present only matters of opinion.

The essays in the present volume are taken chiefly from the Contemporary Review, the Gentleman’s Magazine, the Cornhill Magazine, Belgravia, and Chambers’ Journal. The sixth, however, presents the substance (and official report) of a lecture which I delivered at the Royal Institution in May, 1870. It was then that I first publicly enunciated the views respecting the stellar universe which I afterwards more fully stated in my “Universe of Stars.” The same views have also been submitted to the Paris Academy of Science, as the results of his own investigations, by M. Flammarion, in words which read almost like translations of passages in the above-mentioned essay.

RICHARD A. PROCTOR.