Part 2

Diagnosis.--Bill short, flat, somewhat obtuse, minutely notched near tip of each maxilla, flared at base; gape wide and deeply cleft; culmen convex; nasal fossa broad, exposed, or filled with short, erect or antrorse, close-set velvety feathers; nostril narrowly elliptical; rictal vibrissae long, short, or absent; lacrimal bone free, articulating at two points; wings long and pointed, or short and rounded; primaries ten, tenth reduced in some species; tail short, narrow, even, two thirds or less length of wing, or much longer and forked or rounded; feet weak (except in Dulus and Phainoptila); tarsus generally shorter than middle toe and claw, distinctly scutellate with five or six divisions, the lateral plate subdivided (except in Phainoptila); lateral toes of nearly equal length; hallux approximately as long as inner lateral toe, or shorter; basal phalanx of middle toe more or less united to that of outer and inner toes; body stout; head generally conspicuously crested; plumage soft, smooth and silky (except in Dulus); eggs spotted; nest in trees; three subfamilies, five genera, eight species.

Subfamily Ptilogonatinae

Diagnosis.--Rictus with conspicuous bristles; nasal fossa almost entirely exposed; tail long and rounded, graduated, or square; caudal muscles and pygostyle well developed; wings rounded and short, first primary a half to a third as long as second; second primary shorter than third; humerus long, with small external condyle; plumage soft and silky, less so in Phainoptila; sexes dissimilar, young like adult female; three genera, four species.

Genus =Phainoptila= Salvin

Phainoptila Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877:367, April 17, 1877. Type Phainoptila melanoxantha Salvin.

Diagnosis.--Without crest; tarsus longer than middle toe and claw, and booted or very slightly reticulate; tail shorter than wing, rounded; nostril exposed, ovate; rictal bristles distinct; first primary well developed; plumage normal, bill flared slightly at base.

Range.--Costa Rica and Panama.

=Phainoptila melanoxantha melanoxantha= Salvin

Phainoptila

Phainoptila melanoxantha melanoxantha Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877:367; April 17, 1877.

Diagnosis.--Coloration of adult males: Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, and upper tail coverts Black (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912), with Bluish Gray-Green gloss; rump Lemon Yellow tinged with Olive; lower breast and abdomen Gull Gray or Slate Gray; sides and flanks clear Lemon Yellow; lower chest, upper breast, and under tail coverts Yellowish Olive-Green, extending to patch on sides and flanks of same color; bill and feet Black or Blackish Brown. Coloration of adult females: Most of upper parts Olive-Green, with Yellowish Olive on rump; thighs Olive-Gray, as are sides of head; rest of coloration as in male. Coloration of young: As in adult female, but duller throughout.

Measurements.--Wing 99.0, tail 88.5, culmen 15.2, tarsus 28.4.

Range.--Highlands of Costa Rica and extreme western Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui).

=Phainoptila melanoxantha minor= Griscom

Phainoptila

Phainoptila melanoxantha minor Griscom, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 141:7, 1924.

Diagnosis.--Coloration as in P. m. melanoxantha, but female with hindneck more extensively gray and of slightly darker shade; rump, upper tail coverts, and edgings to tail feathers slightly greener, less yellow; average size smaller than in P. m. melanoxantha.

Range.--Highlands of westeran Panama (Cerro Flores and eastern Chiriqui).

Genus =Ptilogonys= Swainson

Ptilogonys Swainson, Cat. Bullock's Mex. Mus., App. 4, 1824. Type Ptilogonys cinereus Swainson.

Diagnosis.--Tail much longer than wing, even or graduated; head with bushy crest; nostril large, rounded and fully exposed, bordered by membrane; rictal bristles well developed; tarsus shorter than middle toe with claw; plumage soft, blended.

Range.--Southwestern United States to Costa Rica.

=Ptilogonys cinereus cinereus= Swainson

Ashy Ptilogonys

Ptilogonys cinereus cinereus Swainson, Cat. Bullock's Mex. Mus., App. 4, 1824.

Diagnosis.--Coloration of adult male: Frontals, supralorals, malars, and chin White; orbital ring White; auriculars and nape grayish brown; rest of head smoke gray; back, scapulars, wing coverts, rump, and upper tail coverts plain Bluish Black; rectrices (except middle pair) with large patch of White midway between base and tip, rest plain Bluish Black; chest, breast, and anterior parts of sides plain Bluish Gray-Green, much lighter than back, and fading into paler Gray on throat; abdomen and thighs White; flanks and posterior part of sides Olive-Yellow or Yellowish Olive; under tail coverts Lemon Yellow; bill, legs and feet Black. Coloration of adult females: Head plain Smoke Gray, passing into White on frontals, malars, and chin; back, scapulars, wing coverts, and rump Hair Brown; upper tail coverts Dark Gull Gray; remiges and rectrices Black with faint Dusky Green gloss, edged with Gull Gray; chest Dark Grayish Brown lightening to Wood Brown on sides and flanks; abdomen White; under tail coverts Yellow Ocher. Coloration of young: As in adult female, but paler throughout.

Measurements.--In adult male, wing 94.0, and tail 104.2; in adult female, wing 93.3, and tail 94.8; both sexes, culmen 11.1, and tarsus 18.7.

Range.--Mountainous districts of central and southern Mexico, in states of Durango, Zacatecas, Hidalgo, Mexico, Oaxaca, Colima, Morelos, Veracruz, San Luis Potosi, Guerrero and Michoacan.