Part 4

The velocity of escape is 280 km/sec.

At the lower limit of average distance of spirals the typical nebulae would be fifteen light-years in diameter, forty-five million times as massive as our sun, and 3 × 10¹³ as dense as our atmosphere. On the other hand, if the typical spiral nebula is placed at a suitable distance, its dimensions assume the same order of magnitude as those of our own stellar system.

The conception of our galaxy set forth by Eddington in his book Stellar Movements and the Structure of the Universe is that the Milky Way forms a ring around a central, slightly flattened cluster. This ring is supposed to rotate in equilibrium so that the stars may remain concentrated in the configurations they now form. Assuming the ratio of the two radii as one to five, and using Eddington’s figures of 2000 parsecs for the distance of the Milky Way, and 10⁹ suns as the mass of the inner cluster, the period and density may be computed and compared with those of the typical nebula placed at a distance such as will make the diameter the same as that of our system. The results are given in Table VIII.

TABLE VII

======+========+============+==========+========================== d | α | Mass | Period | Density ------+--------+------------+----------+-------------------------- 10² | 10⁻¹ | 2.7 × 10⁵ | 9 × 10² | 1.4 × 10⁹ suns per cu. LY 10³ | 10⁰ | 2.7 × 10⁶ | 9 × 10³ | 1.4 × 10⁷ 10⁴ | 10¹ | 2.7 × 10⁷ | 9 × 10⁴ | 1.4 × 10⁵ 10⁵ | 10² | 2.7 × 10⁸ | 9 × 10⁵ | 1.4 × 10³ 10⁶ | 10³ | 2.7 × 10⁹ | 9 × 10⁶ | 1.4 × 10¹ ------+--------+------------+----------+--------------------------

TABLE VIII

=======+==========+=========+============+==============+=========== | Distance | Radius | Mass | Period | Density -------+----------+---------+------------+--------------+----------- Nebula |6 × 10⁶ LY|6 × 10³LY|1.6 × 10¹⁰ S|5.4 × 10⁷ year| 5.6 × 10⁻¹ Galaxy | |6 × 10³ | 10⁹ | 2.5 × 10⁸ | 1.2 × 10⁻² -------+----------+---------+------------+---------------+----------

The velocities of escape would be about 280 km for the nebula and 170 km for the galaxy. Considering the problematic nature of the data, the agreement is such as to lend some color to the hypothesis that the spirals are stellar systems at distances to be measured often in millions of light-years. The computations by O. H. Truman and by R. K. Young and W. E. Harper of the motion of our system with respect to the spirals, based on the radial velocities of the spirals, are another and stronger argument for the hypothesis.

Popular Astronomy, =24=, 111, 1916.

Journal of the R.A.S., Canada, =10=, 134, 1916.

The principal objection lies in their apparently systematic distribution with respect to the Milky Way. The matter is usually stated in the form that “spirals avoid the Milky Way.” There are less than 300 nebulae known to be spiral in form. The greatest of them all is just on the border. It is suggested that the spirals seem to follow the distribution of the small faint nebulae. If this is true, the most that can be definitely stated is that they tend to cluster in certain regions of the sky, in one of which the north pole of the galaxy is located.

As the small nebulae and the spirals inhabit the same regions of the sky, it is probable that the order of distance of the two classes is the same. Classes e, f, may even turn out to be spirals themselves. This, however, is a question for large instruments, and is outside the scope of the present paper.

TABLE IX

FIELD I OF NEBULAE

---+-------------------------------+-----+-------------------------- | (1875.0) | | No.|------------------+------------|CLASS| DESCRIPTION | α | δ | | ---+------------------+------------+-----+-------------------------- 1 | 0ᴴ 56ᵐ 35.1ˢ | +31°36′39″ | f | pF, R, 20″d, *14m 20″p. 2 | 39.3 | 31 38 24 | e | F, R, 20″d, *12m 20″n. 3 | 49.0 | 31 22 14 | h₀ | F, mE110°, 60″l. 4 | 0 57 5.7 | 32 4 12 | e | eF, st. *13m 30″np. 5 | 54.5 | 32 17 41 | e | vF, R, 25″d, *14m 30″sf. 6 | 0 58 8.9 | 32 8 33 | e | vF, R, 25″d, *9 1′nf. 7 | 22.3 | 31 33 12 | e | eF st. 8 | 41.8 | 31 45 33 | f | pF, R, S, Δ2 faint*, bM. 9 | 42.7 | 31 17 58 | f | pF, st. 2*13, 14 1.5′p. 10 | 54.7 | 31 16 30 | g | F, cE0°, 30″l. 11 | 58.0 | 31 43 5 | g | F, cE130°, 30″l, bM. 12 | 59.7 | 32 5 33 | e | vF, R, 30″d. 13 | 0 59 13.9 | 31 56 21 | f | vF, st. *16m40″sf. 14 | 28.2 | 31 31 43 | f | vF, st. *15m 1.5′f. 15 | 51.6 | 32 33 48 | g | vF, E140°, 45″l. 16 | 58.2 | 32 1 58 | f | vF, E60°, 20″l 3f*. 17 | 58.8 | 31 41 27 | f | eF, eS. 18 | 1 0 0.7 | 31 54 35 | e | F, st. 19 | 3.6 | 31 18 39 | e | vF, st. d. nuc. 20 | 6.4 | 31 29 19 | e | vF, 1E, 20″l. 21 | 8.2 | 31 42 16 | e | vF, st. 22 | 10.9 | 31 43 12 | h | vF, E90°, 1′l. 23 | 15.0 | 32 24 1 | e | eF, eS 2*10, 11m1′nf. 24 | 18.9 | 31 30 22 | g | vF, cE, S, *15m40″s. 25 | 22.0 | 31 1 42 | e | vF, st. 26 | 22.1 | 32 22 51 | e | eF, R, 30″d, *12m1.5′nf. 27 | 22.9 | 31 31 29 | f | FcE60°1′l, *16m40″np. 28 | 25.0 | 31 45 17 | f | eF, E, eS. 29 | 29.0 | 31 54 48 | h₀ | Fv, mE160°, 40″l*13m1′s. 30 | 33.3 | 31 54 41 | e | eF, E, eS. 31 | 39.3 | 31 25 23 | h | F, mE130°, 1′l. 32 | 43.2 | 32 17 18 | e | vF, R, 40″d, *14m30″s. 33 | 59.1 | 31 35 14 | g | eF, eS, st. 34 | 1 1 3.5 | 32 38 9 | e | vF, cE40°*11m1′nf. 35 | 11.3 | 31 13 16 | h₀ | vF, 310°, 1′l. 36 | 19.6 | 31 47 9 | f | F, S, E60°, *14m1′s. 37 | 24.5 | 31 25 17 | f | F, st. *14m1′np. 38 | 27.8 | 31 52 56 | f | eF, vS, *15m20″p. 39 | 32.7 | 31 45 48 | e | eF, st. in line with 2f*. 40 | 50.3 | 31 45 57 | e | eF, iR, *14m1′s. 41 | 58.8 | 31 25 54 | e | pF, R, 25″d. no nuc. 42 | 1 2 5.5 | 31 34 21 | e | vF, st. *10m20″s. 43 | 20.4 | 31 29 4 | e | vF, R, 45″d. no nuc. 44 | 22.3 | 31 18 42 | f | F, st. and sev f*. 45 | 26.4 | 32 3 22 | e | vF, st. *11m20″s. 46 | 32.0 | 32 6 19 | e | eF, iR*14m30″sf. 47 | 39.7 | 31 30 21 | g | vF, cE80°, S. 48 | 48.5 | 31 47 5 | f | F, st. *15m1′nf. 49 | 49.0 | 31 41 39 | f | eF, vS, *15m30″f. 50 | 49.8 | 31 57 3 | f | eF, st. *14m1′np. 51 | 1 3 5.3 | 31 42 7 | f | vF, st. 2*14m1′f. 52 | 8.0 | 32 14 51 | e | eF, st. 53 | 26.4 | 31 43 18 | f | vF, st. Δ2vF*. 54 | 37.6 | 31 30 51 | f | eF, st. bet. 2*. 55 | 57.6 | 31 55 41 | f | eF, st. *12m15″p. 56 | 1 4 16.4 | 32 2 9 | f | vF, st. bet. 2*. 57 | 1 5 1.6 | 31 48 22 | e | eF, st. *12m1′s. ---+------------------+------------+-----+--------------------------

NEBULAE PREVIOUSLY KNOWN IN FIELD I

------+---------------+------------+----+--------------------------- N.G.C.| | | | 370 | 0ᴴ 59ᵐ 51.6ˢ | +31°44′55″ | g | vF, S, cE20°* 14m30″s. 374 | 1 0 12.5 | 32 7 35 | g₀ | pB, mE10°bet. 2*13m. 376 | 14.3 | 31 40 43 | f | vF. 379 | 22.5 | 31 51 8 | g₀ | pB, cE 0°, 60″×30″. 380 | 24.5 | 31 48 53 | e | pB, R, 40″d. 382 | 30.9 | 31 44 8 | f | pB, R, 20″d. 383 | 32.0 | 31 44 38 | e | pB, R, 1'd bM. 384 | 32.2 | 31 37 26 | g₀ | pB, cE135°, 30″l. 385 | 34.3 | 31 39 4 | f | pB, R, 40″d. 386 | 38.3 | 31 41 35 | f | pF, st. 388 | 54.2 | 31 38 28 | f | F, st. 392 | 1 1 29.1 | 32 27 59 | f | pF, R, 30″d bM, *11m1′ sp. 394 | 31.6 | 32 28 50 | f | F, st. 397 | 36.4 | 32 26 32 | f | vF, st. 398 | 1 2 0.0 | 31 50 50 | f | F, st. 399 | 5.2 | 31 58 1 | g₀ | F E50° 40″l. 403 | 20.0 | 32 5 9 | k | pB, mE90°, 60″×20″. | | | | 387 | 1 0 40.1 | 31 43 23 | f | vF, eS, st. | | | | I.C. | | | | 1618 | 0 59 3.4 | 31 44 31 | g₀ | pF, cE, 150° 25″l, bM. 1619 | 1 0 28.6 | 32 23 57 | f | pF, st. bet. 2*11, 12m. ------+---------------+------------+----+---------------------------

N.G.C. 379 and 372 are probably the same object, with α of 370, and δ the mean of the two N.G.C. positions. There is no other object in the immediate vicinity.

400 } 401 } Faint stars in these positions; no nebulae near. 402 } 390, Faint star, 16m. in this position. No trace of a nebula.

TABLE X

FIELD II OF NEBULAE

===+===============================+=====+=========== | (1875.0) | | No.+-------------------+-----------+CLASS|DESCRIPTION | α | δ | | ---+-------------------+-----------+-----+----------- 1 | 1ᴴ 39ᵐ 32.1ˢ |+31°52′58″ | f |F, S. 2 | 41.7 | 32 46 3 | e |eF, pS. 3 | 43.4 | 32 4 25 | d |eeF, S. 4 | 46.7 | 31 29 2 | f |vF, S. 5 | 50.4 | 32 7 35 | e |eF, pS. 6 | 55.6 | 31 24 29 | e |eF, eS. 7 | 59.0 | 32 10 21 | f |vF, vS. 8 | 1 40 27.5 | 31 24 17 | h₀ |eeF, S. 9 | 48.3 | 31 30 29 | e |eeF, vS. 10 | 50.4 | 31 37 46 | e |eeF, vS. 11 | 1 41 5.6 | 31 44 9 | e |eF, S. 12 | 8.9 | 31 55 48 | e |vF, vS. 13 | 9.4 | 31 59 34 | f |vF, pS. 14 | 20.2 | 31 53 23 | e |eF, vS. 15 | 32.6 | 32 20 2 | f |vF, S. 16 | 37.1 | 31 55 40 | e |eF, vS. 17 | 47.6 | 32 16 38 | f |eF, vS. 18 | 51.5 | 31 55 50 | e |eeF, S. 19 | 1 42 0.5 | 31 56 38 | e |eeeF S. 20 | 0.8 | 32 28 25 | f |vF, S. 21 | 15.8 | 32 11 28 | g |eF, 30″l. 22 | 16.4 | 31 52 43 | e |eeF, eS. 23 | 21.1 | 31 55 41 | e |eeF, eS. 24 | 23.5 | 31 57 24 | f |F, S. 25 | 31.5 | 32 0 9 | g |vF, S. 26 | 37.8 | 32 42 19 | e |eeF, S. 27 | 41.4 | 32 34 24 | e |eeF, S. 28 | 43.5 | 31 29 20 | f |eeF, eS. 29 | 44.4 | 32 10 20 | g |pF, 30″l. 30 | 50.4 | 32 19 55 | f |vF, S. 31 | 50.9 | 32 47 16 | e |eF, S. 32 | 51.2 | 31 24 50 | e |eeF, eS. 33 | 58.0 | 32 0 4 | e |eeF, eS. 34 | 1 43 2.7 | 32 52 33 | f |eF, S. 35 | 5.3 | 31 51 52 | e |eeeF, eS. 36 | 7.0 | 31 48 17 | f |pF, S. 37 | 7.5 | 32 32 4 | w |eF,40″d. 38 | 7.7 | 31 56 36 | f |vF, vS. 39 | 8.6 | 31 54 15 | e |eeF, eS. 40 | 9.1 | 31 53 1 | f |eF, eS. 41 | 9.3 | 32 6 11 | e |eeF, vS. 42 | 12.0 | 31 52 35 | f |eeF, eS. 43 | 12.2 | 32 22 58 | f |eF, S. 44 | 13.1 | 31 51 39 | h |eeF, S. 45 | 13.2 | 31 59 34 | e |eeF, vS. 46 | 13.4 | 32 2 32 | e |eeF, eS. 47 | 17.9 | 31 57 14 | f |vF, vS. 48 | 19.6 | 32 25 39 | f |vF, vS. 49 | 20.7 | 31 50 3 | h |eeeF, S. 50 | 22.6 | 32 36 9 | e |eeF, vS. 51 | 22.6 | 31 49 17 | e |eeF, S. 52 | 23.8 | 31 47 57 | e |eeF, eS. 53 | 29.5 | 31 52 29 | f |vF, S. 54 | 30.5 | 32 27 43 | f |pF, pS. 55 | 37.6 | 31 53 20 | e |eF, eS. 56 | 39.0 | 31 56 43 | f |eF, eS. 57 | 39.2 | 32 28 21 | f |vF, S. 58 | 39.3 | 32 13 46 | e |eeF, vS. 59 | 39.9 | 31 53 5 | e |eeF, eS. 60 | 43.4 | 31 53 22 | e |eeF, eS. 61 | 46.8 | 31 52 18 | f |eeF, eS. 62 | 48.9 | 32 16 44 | f |eF, vS. 63 | 56.4 | 32 18 51 | f |eF, vS. 64 | 58.8 | 32 0 10 | e |eeeF, vS. 65 | 1 44 0.7 | 32 27 29 | e |eeF, vS. 66 | 0.8 | 32 9 58 | e |eeF, eS. 67 | 1.9 | 32 0 17 | f |vF, vS. 68 | 4.0 | 32 29 4 | e |eeeF, S. 69 | 8.4 | 32 24 6 | e |eF, vS. 70 | 11.3 | 32 24 47 | f |F, pS. 71 | 14.9 | 32 12 48 | e |eeF, vS. 72 | 20.7 | 32 25 54 | f |vF, S. 73 | 24.6 | 32 4 37 | f |eeF, eS. 74 | 24.6 | 32 9 38 | f |eF, eS. 75 | 34.9 | 32 5 34 | f |eeF, eS. 76 | 43.5 | 32 27 34 | e |eeF, pS. 77 | 47.5 | 31 33 13 | f |eF, eS. 78 | 52.7 | 32 24 24 | e |eF, vS. 79 | 56.0 | 32 14 24 | e |eeeF, vS. 80 | 57.4 | 32 4 2 | e |eeF, S. 81 | 1 46 28.6 | 31 22 2 | f |eeF, eS. ---+-------------------+-----------+-----+-----------

NEBULAE PREVIOUSLY KNOWN IN FIELD II

=====+================+=============+===+====================== I.C. | | | | 1733 | 1ᴴ 43ᵐ 25.6ˢ |+31° 56′ 40″ | f |vF, eS. 1735 | 35.5 | 31 55 32 | c |vF nuc., iR eeF neb., | | | | 60″d. | | | | | 1 42 20.4 | 31 57 55 | q | 270″×30″. Found | | | | visually by Barnard. | | | | Not catalogued. -----+----------------+-------------+---+----------------------

TABLE XI

FIELD III OF NEBULAE

----+---------------------------+-----+-------------------------- | (1875.0) | | No. |----------------+----------|CLASS| DESCRIPTION | α | δ | | ----+----------------+----------+-----+-------------------------- 1 | 10ᴴ 59ᵐ 59.4ˢ |+29°22′40″| e | eeF, 25″d. 2 | 11 0 2.1 | 29 23 37 | e | 35″d. 3 | 14.7 | 29 46 56 | e | eF, 30″d. 4 | 22.0 | 29 15 59 | e | vF, 20″d. 5 | 23.5 | 29 5 59 | f | eF, 30″d. 6 | 25.8 | 29 27 21 | f | vF, 30″d. 7 | 42.5 | 28 39 11 | e | ef, 15″d. 8 | 56.1 | 29 20 10 | d | eeF, 30″d. 9 | 11 1 1.0 | 28 51 3 | e | eF, 20″d. 10 | 5.2 | 29 10 31 | e | eF, 25″d. 11 | 19.5 | 29 22 46 | e | eeF, 15″d. 12 | 22.4 | 28 39 12 | w | eF, 30″d, open spiral. 13 | 23.9 | 29 12 21 | e | vF, 25″d. 14 | 24.8 | 29 19 4 | h₀ | eeF, E165°, 35″×10″ 15 | 27.3 | 29 32 18 | d | eeF, 15″d. 16 | 28.4 | 29 5 32 | e | vF, 30″d. 17 | 28.4 | 29 12 58 | d | eF, 20″d. 18 | 29.2 | 29 31 11 | e | eF, 15″d. 19 | 32.3 | 29 6 30 | h₀ | eeF, 3160°. 20 | 36.6 | 29 17 52 | d | eeF, 20″ d, some structure. 21 | 38.6 | 29 17 13 | f | eF, 20″d. 22 | 53.4 | 29 19 33 | e | eF, E60°, 30″×15″. 23 | 56.6 | 29 54 3 | d | eF, 30″d. 24 | 11 2 2.2 | 29 36 46 | d | eeF, 15″d. 25 | 5.7 | 29 50 3 | w | eeF, 45″d, open spiral. 26 | 17.2 | 28 57 27 | e | eF, 20″d. 27 | 24.0 | 28 45 9 | g | eF, E160°, 40″×20″. 28 | 30.3 | 29 33 6 | e | eeF, 10″d. 29 | 36.0 | 31 14 51 | e | vF, 25″d. 30 | 36.4 | 29 43 59 | e | eeF, 10″d. 31 | 37.9 | 29 24 6 | d | eeF, 20″d. 32 | 38.7 | 29 26 44 | e | eeF, 15″d. 33 | 38.8 | 29 44 12 | e | eeF, 15″d. 34 | 39.8 | 29 20 17 | e | eeF, 15″d. 35 | 40.3 | 29 54 55 | e | eeF, 15″d. 36 | 41.2 | 29 27 20 | w | eeF, nuc. 10″d, ring, 30″d. 37 | 41.4 | 28 55 57 | e | eF, 15″d. 38 | 42.8 | 29 23 45 | d | vF, 15″d. 39 | 44.9 | 29 23 51 | e | eF, 10″d. 40 | 47.3 | 29 18 17 | k | vF, E150°, 45″×15″. 41 | 48.0 | 29 43 23 | g₀ | eeF, E40°, 20″×10″. 42 | 48.3 | 29 21 21 | e | eF, 15″d. 43 | 54.0 | 29 21 19 | g₀ | eF, 30″×10″. 44 | 55.7 | 29 35 33 | e | F, 20″d. 45 | 56.6 | 28 55 41 | e | eF, 35″d. 46 | 58.2 | 29 13 50 | g | eeF, E50°, 30″×10″. 47 | 11 3 4.1 | 29 10 39 | a | eeF, 15″d, structure. 48 | 4.3 | 29 38 56 | g₀ | eeF, E80°, 20″×10″. 49 | 21.6 | 29 1 14 | d | eF, 15″d. 50 | 22.6 | 29 18 15 | d | eeF, 20″d. 51 | 23.4 | 29 17 21 | e | vF, 20″d. 52 | 23.6 | 29 39 35 | e | eF, 20″d. 53 | 24.3 | 29 40 11 | e | eeF, 20″d. 54 | 27.9 | 29 9 3 | f | eF, 15″d. 55 | 28.6 | 30 7 9 | f | eeF, 30″d. 56 | 28.7 | 29 0 47 | d | eeF, 15″d. 57 | 30.1 | 28 49 9 | e | eeF, 20″d. 58 | 31.4 | 29 43 22 | e | F, 15″d. 59 | 31.5 | 29 28 6 | e | eF, 15″d. 60 | 32.5 | 29 14 55 | e | eF, 15″d. 61 | 33.4 | 28 57 49 | e | eF, 15″d. 62 | 35.8 | 29 18 9 | f | vF, 20″d. 63 | 38.5 | 29 23 55 | e | eeF, 10″d. 64 | 39.6 | 29 23 9 | a? | eF, 35″×25″. E35°, | | | | a miniature Dumb-bell. 65 | 39.7 | 29 25 39 | e | eeeF, 10″d. 66 | 40.1 | 29 25 48 | e | eeeF, 10″d. 67 | 40.3 | 29 23 57 | e | eeF, 10″d. 68 | 41.3 | 29 21 55 | g₀ | eF, E110°, 30″*10″. 69 | 41.9 | 29 22 21 | e | eF, 20″d. 70 | 43.7 | 30 7 14 | e | eeF, 20″d. 71 | 44.7 | 29 22 38 | e | eeF, 20″d. 72 | 46.2 | 29 28 7 | f | eF, 20″d. 73 | 46.4 | 29 30 25 | d | eF, 15″d. 74 | 49.8 | 29 22 46 | d | eeF, 20″d. 75 | 51.6 | 29 22 53 | e | eeF, 10″d. 76 | 52.4 | 29 22 34 | e | eeF, 15″d. 77 | 52.9 | 29 43 59 | e | eeF, 20″d. 78 | 53.6 | 28 59 39 | e | F, 35″d. 79 | 54.5 | 29 26 1 | d | eeF, 20″d. 80 | 54.7 | 29 23 5 | e | eeF, 20″d. 81 | 55.1 | 29 21 50 | e | eF, 15″d. 82 | 56.7 | 29 26 22 | e | eeF, 15″d, E50°. 83 | 56.9 | 29 34 40 | e | eF, 15″d. 84 | 57.5 | 29 16 59 | e | eF, double nebula, | | | | nuc. 4″ apart. 85 | 57.6 | 29 8 7 | e | eF, 30″d. 86 | 57.7 | 29 27 19 | h₀ | eeF, E140°, 15″×5″. 87 | 11 4 0.8 | 29 17 51 | e | eeF, 10″d. 88 | 1.0 | 28 56 28 | e | eeF, 20″d. 89 | 1.4 | 29 22 15 | e | eF, 15″d. 90 | 1.4 | 29 39 5 | e | eeF, 15″d. 91 | 1.8 | 28 57 21 | e | vF, 30″d. 92 | 3.4 | 29 27 26 | e | eF, 10″d. 93 | 3.7 | 29 29 10 | e | eeF, 20″d. 94 | 2.7 | 29 20 17 | e | vF, 20″d. 95 | 3.8 | 29 2 9 | e | eeF, iR. 96 | 4.4 | 29 27 33 | e | eF, 10″d. 97 | 5.7 | 29 28 23 | e | eeF, 15″d, faint extensions. 98 | 5.8 | 30 14 51 | e | eF, st. 99 | 6.9 | 29 22 50 | e | eF, 15″d. 100 | 7.6 | 28 56 51 | h₀ | eeF, E25°, 30″×10″. 101 | 9.4 | 29 14 23 | e | eeF, 15″d. 102 | 9.9 | 29 29 29 | d | eeF, 10″d. 103 | 10.0 | 28 53 55 | e? | eeF, faint extensions | | | | 60″×40″? 104 | 10.1 | 30 0 27 | d | eF, 30″d. 105 | 10.6 | 29 8 48 | g₀ | eF, E145°, spiral, 40″×20″. 106 | 12.8 | 29 28 58 | h | eeeF, 20″×10″. 107 | 13.4 | 29 23 15 | e | eeF, 15″d. 108 | 13.5 | 29 21 19 | g₀ | eeF, E125°, 25″×15″. 109 | 13.8 | 29 47 14 | d | eeF, 20″d. 110 | 14.2 | 30 0 57 | k | eF, E40°, 34″×20″. 111 | 14.4 | 29 25 24 | e | eF, 15″d. 112 | 15.6 | 29 29 36 | d | eeeF, 10″d. 113 | 18.6 | 28 55 56 | e | eeF, 15″d. 114 | 20.2 | 28 53 6 | f | eeF, 20″d. 115 | 22.8 | 28 54 6 | e | eeF, 20″d. 116 | 27.9 | 29 23 25 | f | eF, 35″d. 117 | 27.9 | 29 26 40 | e? | eeF, 60″×40″, spiral? 118 | 28.4 | 29 22 31 | e | eF, 45″d. 119 | 28.6 | 29 21 58 | d | eeF, 15″d. 120 | 28.6 | 29 25 18 | e | eeF, 10″d. 121 | 30.2 | 29 37 42 | e | eeF, 15″d. 122 | 32.0 | 29 25 37 | d | eeF, 15″d. 123 | 34.4 | 29 21 33 | e | eF, 20″d. 124 | 34.9 | 29 42 1 | e | eF, 20″d. 125 | 35.5 | 29 12 10 | e | eeF, 10″d. 126 | 36.0 | 29 21 0 | e | eF, E60°, 20″×15″. 127 | 37.0 | 29 27 7 | d | eeeF, 15″d. 128 | 38.5 | 28 56 22 | e | eF, st. 129 | 39.4 | 29 24 33 | f | vF, 25″d. 130 | 40.2 | 29 12 57 | e | eeF, 15″d. 131 | 41.8 | 29 27 40 | g | eeF, E95°, 20″ × 10″. 132 | 46.8 | 29 19 18 | g | eeF, 30″ × 15″. 133 | 47.9 | 29 31 9 | d | eeF, 10″d. 134 | 49.3 | 29 26 1 | f | eF, 15″d. 135 | 49.9 | 29 29 19 | e | eeF, 10″d. 136 | 49.9 | 29 14 45 | e | eeF, 15″d. 137 | 50.5 | 29 25 27 | e | eF, 30″d. 138 | 51.5 | 29 22 55 | e | eF, 10″d. 139 | 52.7 | 29 23 21 | e | eF, 10″d. 140 | 54.1 | 29 29 57 | e | eeF, 15″d. 141 | 11 5 3.0 | 28 56 43 | e | vF, 30″d. 142 | 4.7 | 29 16 36 | e | eF, 15″d. 143 | 6.8 | 29 15 53 | e | eeF, 20″d. 144 | 7.6 | 28 53 4 | d | eeF, 15″d. 145 | 11.6 | 29 38 5 | e | eeF, 20″d. 146 | 12.3 | 29 10 1 | d | eF, 20″d. 147 | 13.5 | 30 9 30 | d | eF, 20″d. 148 | 14.4 | 30 6 28 | e | eF, 20″d. 149 | 14.7 | 29 20 38 | w | eF, 25″d, spiral. 150 | 15.6 | 29 8 19 | d | eeeF, 15″d. 151 | 17.1 | 29 29 16 | e | eF, 20″d. 152 | 19.4 | 29 10 52 | g | vF, E40°, 50″ × 20″. 153 | 34.3 | 29 25 10 | d | eeF, 30″d. 154 | 35.5 | 29 15 0 | e | eeF, 30″d. 155 | 43.6 | 28 57 24 | e | eF, 40″d. 156 | 49.2 | 28 42 34 | f | eF, st. 157 | 51.3 | 28 43 12 | e | eeF, 30″d. 158 | 59.6 | 28 57 38 | e | eeF, 30″d. 159 | 11 6 6.9 | 28 44 55 | d | eeF, 30″d. 160 | 9.7 | 29 29 30 | d | eeeF, 20″d. 161 | 10.6 | 28 40 46 | e | eF, 30″d. 162 | 11.8 | 29 4 8 | f | vF, st. 163 | 12.8 | 30 11 16 | e | eeF, 10″d. 164 | 17.5 | 29 25 47 | e | eF, 15″d. 165 | 23.2 | 28 43 55 | f | eeF, 20″d. 166 | 24.9 | 28 39 40 | e | eeF, 30″d. 167 | 27.8 | 28 41 26 | e | eeF, 30″d. 168 | 29.0 | 28 56 22 | e | eeF, 20″d. 169 | 40.9 | 29 20 27 | d | eeeF, 20″d. 170 | 37.7 | 28 33 23 | d | eeeF, 15″d. 171 | 42.7 | 29 37 59 | e | eeF, 20″d. 172 | 44.2 | 29 5 13 | d | eeeF, 15″d. 173 | 50.6 | 29 18 31 | e | eeF, 20″d. 174 | 11 7 11.1 | 28 32 54 | d | eeF, 20″d. 175 | 14.9 | 30 14 45 | e | eF, 20″d. 176 | 19.2 | 29 18 25 | h | eeeF, 30″×10″. 177 | 27.1 | 29 6 26 | f | eF, 20″d. 178 | 32.9 | 28 51 30 | e | eF, 30″d. ====+================+==========+=====+====================

NEBULAE PREVIOUSLY KNOWN IN FIELD III