Part 14

Jerusalem, Alexander's visit to, 14; Philo, on national centre at, 20, 41, 86; spiritual headship of, 41; special synagogues for Alexandrians in, 41; derivation of name of, 50; Philo's sojourn at, 50; downfall of, 71; Judaism at, 129.

Jesus, spread of his teaching, 245; his message compared with that of Philo, 245; preaching of, effect on Jewish attitude to life, 246; Paul sets up a new faith in, 251.

Jewish, community at Alexandria (see Alexandria), 13 ff., 72; temple at Elephantine, 15; kingdom reaches its height, 45; mind, religous conception of, 49, 137, 166; law and ceremony, elucidation of, 49; race, symbol of the unity of, 51; aspiration toward "freedom under the law," 124; influences, dominant in Philo, 133, 189; philosophy, eclectic, 168; philosophy, new school of in Middle Ages, 225 f.

Joseph (see Lives of Abraham and Joseph), 83; as Egyptian statesman, 23.

Josephus, on Onias and Dositheus, 18; inconsistent accounts of Onias temple, 19; on Egyptian Jews, 20; account of Herod's temple by, 41; writes a reply to Apion, 65; description of Gaius' conduct to Jewish deputation, 68; on the spreading of Judaism, 115; indicates communication between schools of Alexandria and Palestine, 220; relation to Philo and his works, 222.

Jowett, on sermons, 90.

Judaism, genius of, 46, 196; Philo's exposition of, 52, 74, 78, 81, 84, 105; Philo protests against desecration of, 258; mysticism in, 58; philosophical, 72, 230; Alexandrian development of, 77, 92; moral teachings of, 85; religion of the law, 106, 116, 260; Josephus on the spreading of, 115; a religion of universal validity, 121, 169; at Jerusalem and Alexandria, 129; catholic conscience of, 130, 131; Darmesteter on, 132; Logos doctrine and, 165; danger of union with Gentiles to, 206; a national culture, 219; influences of Jesus and Paul on, 247; Hellenistic interpretation of the Bible and, 254.

Judas Maccabæus, struggles against Hellenizing party, 18.

Krochmal, Nachman, criticism of Philo, 240.

Life of Moses, contents of, 75, 79 f.; an attempt to set monotheism before the world, 80; tractates appended to, 75.

Lives of Abraham and Joseph, description of, 83.

Lives of Isaac and Jacob, contents of, 83.

Logos, 143 ff.; its relation to God's Providence, 143; meaning of, 144-164, 148; Aristobulus on, 146; regarded as the effluence of God, 149; spoken of as a person, 156; the soul, an image of, 178; development of Philo's doctrine of, 192.

Maimonides, object of his Moreh, 91; principles of, 99, 229; comparison of Philo with, 229 f.

Mark Antony, Alexander Lysimachus in the confidence of, 46.

Monastic communities, supposed record of Christian, in Philo, 73.

Moses, Philo a follower of, 60, 113 f.; Philo's ideal type, 79 f.; Philo, as interpreter of his revelation, 104, 106 f. See Life of Moses.

National, centre at Jerusalem, Philo on, 20, 41, 86; life undermined at Rome and Alexandria, 218.

Old Testament, Septuagint translation of, 25-30; Aquila's new Greek version of, 224.

Onias, leader of army of Egyptian monarch, 18; successor to high priesthood, 18; builds temple, 18, 19 f.; temple of, dismantled, 71; Jewish writers silent about work of, 19.

Oral law, observance of, standardized in the Halakah, 126.

Origen, distinguishes three methods of interpretation, 76; teacher of Patristic school, 195; imitates Philo, 186.

Palestine, struggle for, between Ptolemies and Seleucids, 17; Hellenism of, compared with that of Athens, 24, 25; rabbis of, 28; Philo visits, 50; effect of Hellenic influence in, 54; New Moon a solemn day in, 121; aims of Jewish thought in, 140; doctrine of angels in, 140.

Palestinian Jews, under same rule as Egyptian Jews, 15; rabbis, oral tradition, 34; development of Jewish culture, 42 f., 200; Midrash, Philo's acquaintance with, 52; schools, relation existing between Alexandrian and, 199 f., 203 f., 213.

Paul, the most commanding of the apostles, 247; influence of, compared with that of Jesus, 247; rejection of the Torah by, 248; sets up a new faith in Jesus, 251.

Pentateuch, Samaritan doctrines with reference to, 106.

Peshat, as a form of interpretation, 103.

Philo, contemporary with Herod, 45, 50; family of, 46; works of 74 ff.; philosophical training of, 49; flees from Alexandria, 60; meeting of Peter and Mark with, 73; forced into Sanhedrin of Alexandria, 61; writings of, regarded as testimony to Christianity, 73, 156; influence of, over Christian religious philosophy, 195, 242 ff.; relation of, to Greek philosophers, 48, 52; acquaintance of, with Chaldean and Indian thought, 48; his interpretation and views of the Bible, 49, 102, 108 ff.; evidence of his knowledge of Hebrew language, 49; follows Hebrew tradition, 159, 199 ff.; compared with Spinoza, 73, 134, 163; on persecutions of Sejanus and Flaccus, 62, 78; replies to attacks of stoics, 64, 95; stoics' view of God compared with that of, 185; goes to Italy, 66; refers to Apion, 63, 101; Josephus' knowledge of the works of, 222; Christian teachers preserve works of, 156, 247; relation of, to the Halakah, 202 f.; comparison of Maimonides with, 229 f.; doctrine of the Logos (see Logos), 144 ff.; connection between Saadia and, 226 f.; the Hellenizer of the Cabbalah, 235; opposed to missionary attitude of Paul, 249.