Our Flowering Shrubs, and How to Know Them

Part 1

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Gowans's Nature Books, No. 23

Our Flowering Shrubs

AND HOW TO KNOW THEM

CARSON & NICOL, LIMITED PRINTERS, GLASGOW

BLOCKS BY ANNAN ENGRAVING CO., LTD. GLASGOW

BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM, PURSH.

Holly-leaved Barberry (Mahonia) (Flower yellow)

Mahonia a Feuilles de Houx (Fleur jaune)

Hulst-Sauerdorn (Bluete gelb)

OUR FLOWERING SHRUBS

AND HOW TO KNOW THEM

Sixty photographs by Charles Kirk

GOWANS & GRAY, Ltd. 5 Robert Street, Adelphi, London, W.C. 58 Cadogan Street, Glasgow 1918

First Edition, August, 1909. Reprinted, May, 1918 (completing 7000).

The success of "Our Trees and How to Know Them" has encouraged the publishers to issue the present volume, which deals with a branch of botany practically untouched by handbooks at a moderate price. They trust that lovers of plants will show their appreciation of their efforts by endeavouring to make this new departure very widely known.

BERBERIS DARWINII, HOOK.

Darwin's Barberry (Flower yellow)

Epine-Vinette de Darwin (Fleur jaune)

Darwin's Sauerdorn (Bluete gelb)

BERBERIS STENOPHYLLA, MOORE

Narrow-leaved Barberry (Flower yellow)

Epine-Vinette a Feuilles etroites (Fleur jaune)

Schmaler Sauerdorn (Bluete gelb)

BERBERIS VULGARIS, L.

Common Barberry (Flower pale yellow)

Epine-Vinette (Fleur jaune pale)

Gemeiner Sauerdorn (Bluete blassgelb)

Part 2

CISTUS LAURIFOLIUS, L.

Laurel-leaved Cistus (Flower white)

Ciste a Feuilles de Laurier (Fleur blanche)

Lorbeer-Cistrose (Bluete weiss)

TAMARIX PALLASII, DESV.

Pallas's Tamarisk (Flower pink)

Tamaris de Pallas (Fleur rose)

Fuenfmaennige Tamariske (Bluete rosa)

RUTA GRAVEOLENS, L.

Common Rue (Flower yellow)

Rue des Jardins (Fleur jaune)

Garten-Raute (Bluete gelb)

CHOISYA TERNATA, H.B.K.

Mexican Orange-Flower (Flower white)

Choisya a Feuilles ternees (Fleur blanche)

Echte Zimmerraute (Bluete weiss)

PTELEA TRIFOLIATA, L.

Hop Tree or Shrubby Trefoil (Flower green)

Ptelea trifoliole (Fleur verte)

Amerikanischer Hopfenstrauch (Bluete gruen)

CEANOTHUS AZUREUS, DESF.

Blue Mountain Sweet (Flower blue)

Ceanot azure (Fleur bleue)

Azur-Saeckelblume (Bluete blau)

CEANOTHUS VEITCHIANUS, HOOK.

Veitch's Mountain Sweet (Flower blue)

Ceanot de Veitch (Fleur bleue)

Tiefblaue Saeckelblume (Bluete blau)

Part 3

GENISTA TINCTORIA, L.

Dyers' Greenweed (Flower yellow)

Genet des Teinturiers (Fleur jaune)

Faerber-Ginster (Bluete gelb)

SPARTIUM JUNCEUM, L.

Yellow Spanish Broom (Flower yellow)

Genet d'Espagne (Fleur jaune)

Binsen-Pfriem (Bluete gelb)

CYTISUS CAPITATUS, JACQ.

Capitate Broom (Flower yellow)

Cytise en Tete (Fleur jaune)

Kopfiger Kleestrauch (Bluete gelb)

INDIGOFERA GERARDIANA, WALL.

Gerard's Indigo (Flower pink)

Indigotier a Grappes (Fleur rose)

Blumen-Indigostrauch (Bluete rosa)

COLUTEA ARBORESCENS, L.

Bladder Senna (Flower yellow)

Baguenaudier commun (Fleur jaune)

Gewoehnlicher Blasenstrauch (Bluete gelb)

PRUNUS LUSITANICA, L.F.

Portugal Laurel (Flower white)

Laurier de Portugal (Fleur blanche)

Portugiesische Lorbeer-Kirsche (Bluete weiss)

SPIRAEA DOUGLASI, HOOK.

Douglas's Spiraea (Flower red)

Spiree de Douglas (Fleur rouge)

Kalifornischer Spierstrauch (Bluete rot)

Part 4

SPIRAEA JAPONICA, L.F.

Rosy Bush Meadow Sweet (Flower pink)

Spiree du Japon (Fleur rose)

Japanischer Spierstrauch (Bluete rosa)

NEILLIA THYRSIFLORA, D. DON

Vine-leaved Neillia (Flower white)

Neillia a Fleurs en Thyrse (Fleur blanche)

Echte Traubenspiere (Bluete weiss)

KERRIA JAPONICA, D.C., VAR. FLORE PLENO

Jew's Mallow (Flower yellow)

Kerria du Japon (Fleur jaune)

Japanischer Ranunkelstrauch (Bluete gelb)

RUBUS DELICIOSUS, JAMES

Rocky Mountain Bramble (Flower white)

Ronce delicieuse (Fleur blanche)

Koestlicher Zimt-Beerstrauch (Bluete weiss)

RUBUS LACINIATUS, WILLD.

Cut-leaved Bramble (Flower pinkish-white)

Ronce a Feuilles Laciniees (Fleur blanc rose)

Geschlitzter Brombeerstrauch (Bluete rosaweiss)

RUBUS NUTKANUS, MOC.

Nutka Sound Raspberry or Salmon-Berry (Flower white)

Ronce de Noutka (Fleur blanche)

Weisser Zimt-Beerstrauch (Bluete weiss)

POTENTILLA FRUTICOSA, L.

Shrubby Cinquefoil (Flower yellow)

Potentille Arbrisseau (Fleur jaune)

Strauch-Fingerkraut (Bluete gelb)

Part 5

COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA, WALL.

Small-leaved Rockspray (Flower whitish)

Cotoneaster a petites Feuilles (Fleur blanchatre)

Kleine Steinquitte (Bluete weisslich)

COTONEASTER SIMONSII, BAKER

Simon's Cotoneaster (Flower white)

Cotoneaster de Simons (Fleur blanche)

Mennigrote Steinquitte (Bluete weiss)

DEUTZIA GRACILIS, SIEB. & ZUCC.

Graceful Deutzia (Flower white)

Deutzie grele (Fleur blanche)

Zierliche Silbergerte (Bluete weiss)

PHILADELPHUS CORONARIUS, L.

Common Mock Orange (sometimes called Syringa) (Flower white)

Seringa commune (Fleur blanche)

Jasmin-Gertenstrauch (Bluete weiss)

PHILADELPHUS GRANDIFLORUS, WILLD.

Large-flowered Mock Orange (Flower white)

Seringa a grandes Fleurs (Fleur blanche)

Geruchloser Gertenstrauch (Bluete weiss)

ESCALLONIA PHILIPPIANA, MASTERS

Philippi's Escallonia (Flower white)

Escallonia de Philippi (Fleur blanche)

Philippis Andenstrauch (Bluete weiss)

ESCALLONIA PUNCTATA, DC.

Dotted Escallonia (Flower red)

Escallonia pointillee (Fleur rouge)

Punktierter Andenstrauch (Bluete rot)

Part 6

RIBES AUREUM, PURSH.

Buffalo or Missouri Currant (Flower yellow)

Groseillier dore (Fleur jaune)

Gold-Ribsel (Bluete gelb)

RIBES RUBRUM, L.

Wild or Red Currant or Garnet Berry (Flower pink)

Groseillier rouge (Fleur rose)

Rote Johannisbeere (Bluete rosa)

FUCHSIA RICCARTONI, HORT.

Riccarton Fuchsia (Flower red)

Fuchsia Riccartoni (Fleur rouge)

Winter-Fuchsie (Bluete rot)

CORNUS ALBA, L.

White-fruited Dogwood or Red Osier (Flower white)

Cornouillier blanc (Fleur blanche)

Weisser Hartriegel (Bluete weiss)

AUCUBA JAPONICA, THUNB.

Japanese Aucuba (Flower whitish-green)

Aucuba du Japon (Fleur vert blanchatre)

Scheinorange (Bluete weisslichgruen)

SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS, L.

Canadian Elder (Flower white)

Sureau du Canada (Fleur blanche)

Kanadischer Holunder (Bluete weiss)

VIBURNUM TINUS, L.

Laurustinus (Flower white)

Viorne-Laurier-Tin (Fleur blanche)

Lorbeer-Schlinge (Bluete weiss)

Part 7

VIBURNUM TOMENTOSUM, THUNB.

Tomentose Guelder Rose (Flower white)

Viorne tomenteuse (Fleur blanche)

Filz-Schlinge (Bluete weiss)

VIBURNUM TOMENTOSUM, THUNB., VAR. PLICATUM, MAXIM.

Japanese Guelder Rose (Flower white)

Viorne du Japon (Fleur blanche)

Japanischer Schneeball (Bluete weiss)

SYMPHORICARPUS RACEMOSUS, MICHX.

Snowberry (Flower pink)

Symphorine a Fruits blancs (Fleur rose)

Echte Schneebeere (Bluete rosa)

DIERVILLA FLORIDA, SIEB. & ZUCC.

Bush Honeysuckle (Flower pink)

Diervilla fleurie (Fleur rose)

Blumiges Kapselgeissblatt (Bluete rosa)

OLEARIA HAASTII, HOOK. F.

Daisy Tree (Flower white, disc yellow)

Olearia de Haast (Fleur blanche, disque jaune)

Haasts Duftstrauch (Bluete weiss, Scheibe gelb)

OLEARIA MACRODONTA, BAKER

New Zealand Daisy Tree (Flower white)

Olearia enorme (Fleur blanche)

Grosszaehniger Duftstrauch (Bluete weiss)

PERNETTYA MUCRONATA, GAUDICH

Prickly Heath (Flower white)

Pernettya microne (Fleur blanche)

Stachelige Torfmyrte (Bluete weiss)

Part 8

CASSANDRA CALYCULATA, D. DON. ANDROMEDA CALYCULATA, L.

Leather-Leaf (Flower white)

Cassandrie Calycule (Fleur blanche)

Kelch-Graenke (Bluete weiss)

PIERIS FLORIBUNDA, BENTH. & HOOK. F.

Bundle-flowered Andromeda (Flower white)

Pieris multiflore (Fleur blanche)

Blumen-Graenke (Bluete weiss)

LEDUM LATIFOLIUM, AIT.

Broad-leaved Labrador Tea (Flower white)

Ledon a larges Feuilles (Fleur blanche)

Breiter Porst (Bluete weiss)

RHODODENDRON FLAVUM, G. DON. AZALEA PONTICA, L.

Common or Yellow Azalea (Flower yellow)

Rhododendron jaune (Fleur jaune)

Gelbe Alpenrose (Bluete gelb)

RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM, L.

Rusty-leaved Alpenrose (Flower pale red)

Laurier-Rose des Alpes (Fleur rouge pale)

Rost-Alpenrose (Bluete blassrot)

RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, L.

Common or Pontic Rhododendron (Flower purple)

Rhododendron de la Mer Noire (Fleur pourpre)

Pontische Alpenrose (Bluete purpurn)

JASMINUM OFFICINALE, L.

White Jessamine (Flower white)

Jasmin blanc (officinal) (Fleur blanche)

Echter Jasmin (Bluete weiss)

Part 9

SYRINGA VULGARIS, L.

Common Lilac (Flower lilac, pink or white)

Lilas commun (Fleur lilas, rose ou blanche)

Tuerkischer Flieder (Bluete lila, rosa oder weiss)

VERONICA TRAVERSII, HOOK. F.

Travers's Speedwell (Flower pale purple)

Veronique naine (Fleur pourpre pale)

Travers' Ehrenpreis (Bluete blasspurpurn)

LAVANDULA VERA, DC.

Common Lavender (Flower blue)

Lavande (Fleur bleue)

Echter Lavendel (Bluete blau)

LAURUS NOBILIS, L.

Poet's Laurel or Sweet Bay (Flower yellowish)

Laurier Sauce (Fleur jaunatre)

Edler Lorbeerbaum (Bluete gelblich)

DAPHNE LAUREOLA, L.

Spurge Laurel (Flower yellowish-green)

Laureole, Laurier des Bois (Fleur vert jaunatre)

Lorbeer-Seidelbast (Bluete gelblichgruen)

DAPHNE MEZEREUM, L.

Mezereon (Flower pink)

Bois-gentil (Fleur rose)

Echter Seidelbast (Bluete rosa)

RUSCUS ACULEATUS, L.

Butcher's Broom (Flower white)

Bois pointu ou Petit Houx ou Fragon epineux (Fleur blanche)

Echter Maeusedorn (Bluete weiss)

Part 10

Some Short Notes

DESIGNED TO ASSIST THE READER IN IDENTIFYING THE SHRUBS ILLUSTRATED IN THIS VOLUME.

WILLIAM SMITH

The study of shrubs has greatly increased during recent years, and this has no doubt been brought about by the increasing knowledge of nature study now commonly included in the curriculum of schools and other establishments, and while shrubs have not as yet received the same attention as trees yet they offer quite as interesting a field, while the beauty of certain of the species arrests the attention of even the most casual observer.

The term "shrub" means a low, woody-stemmed perennial, but many of the species attain the dimensions of a fair-sized tree.

The Holly-leaved Barberry or Mahonia (frontispiece), a North American shrub, is commonly met with either planted as an undergrowth to deciduous trees or as a covert plant in woodlands. It is easily recognised from the leaflets being in two or three pairs, with an odd one at top, in colour of a glossy dark-green, and the leaves of a leathery nature. The flowers are borne in much-crowded, erect racemes which open in early spring, followed later by clusters of purple berries.

Darwin's Barberry (page 6) is a densely-branched, spreading evergreen bush about 8 feet high, with numerous racemose flowers which open in May, succeeded by purple berries throughout the summer. Leaves are about one inch long, oval-shaped, with five spiny teeth. A near ally to the preceding is the Narrow-leaved Barberry (page 7). It forms a shrub of rare beauty; with slender arching shoots which in early spring are densely covered with golden blossoms. May be known by the narrow sharp-pointed leaves.

A British shrub, the Common Barberry (page 8) usually inhabits dry stony soils, and forms a tall shrub about 10 feet high. In early spring the plant is profusely covered with pendulous racemes of yellow flowers, and later by the scarlet berries which are sometimes used for preserves. Distinguished by the egg-shaped leaves and three-parted spines at the axils of the leaves. A photograph showing the flowers on a larger scale will be found on page 11 of Wild Flowers at Home, Fourth Series ("Nature Book," No. 16).

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