Part 5

1886, HERMANN KUMMELL, Ueber hochgelegene Mastdarmstricturen; Druck und Verlag von Breitkopf und Härtel, Leipsic:

On page 2634 briefly refers to Hyrtl’s Sphincter ani tertius and to the Falten des Rectums.

1886, SAMUEL BENTON, L.R.C.P. (London), M.R.C.S. and L.H. (England), in Diseases of the Rectum; Henry Renshaw, 356 Strand, London:

Omits mention of the rectal valve.

1887, DR. FRIEDRICH ESMARCH, Die Krankheiten des Mastdarmes und des Afters; Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart:

On pages 7 and 8 says: “Only one large transverse fold does not usually disappear under complete dilatation because the longitudinal muscular layer passes outside of this; this fold is situated about .6 to .8 cm. above the anus at the junction of the middle and upper division of the rectum, and does not include the whole circumference, but arises for the most part somewhat obliquely as a sickle-formed fold of mucous membrane projecting, at the most, 15 mm. from the right and anterior walls of the rectum. Kohlrausch has called this fold the plica transversalis recti. As it not seldom contains distinct circular muscular fibers it has been described by several authors [Houston (?), Hyrtl] as the sphincter ani tertius....

“Inflammatory and cancerous strictures often occur in this situation. In addition, a similar fold is often found also in the region of the sigmoid flexure.

“In rarer cases, also, transverse folds, which do not disappear on inflation” (of the gut) “are found in other situations; these folds are probably due to a coalescence of the opposing walls of short lateral curvatures.”

1887, ALFRED COOPER, F.R.C.S., in Diseases of the Rectum; H. K. Lewis, 136 Gower Street, W. C., London:

Omits mention of the rectal valve.

1887, WALTER J. OTIS, M.D., Anatomische Untersuchungen am menschlichen Rectum; Veit & Company, Leipsic:

Elaborate investigation on the cadaver led him to say: “The rectum consists of large sacular dilatations marked off from each other by intermediate partitions or folds, projecting alternately from left to right, one beyond the other.” And agreeing with Houston, he says: “These partitions or folds are semilunar in shape, involve rather more than one-half of the circumference of the internal surface, extend a little farther on the anterior than on the posterior wall and project at the center, where they are deepest, from one to two and a half centimeters into the lumen of the bowel.” The number of visible folds of this kind found by him was always two or three, two of which were constant, the other variable. He locates these valves as did Houston, and continues: “The folds described within the bowel are composed of mucous membrane and bands of circular muscular fiber in greater or less proportions. The longitudinal fibers do not enter into the construction of the folds....

“The physiologic action of this arrangement of the circular fibers I believe to be as Chadwick has described, viz., that it is a part of the expulsory apparatus of the intestine to propel the feces toward the anal outlet, rather than to offer an obstacle to their descent.” Continuing, Otis suggests: “That the divisions between the sacculi which Houston described as the ‘Valves of the Rectum,’ Kohlrausch as ‘Plica Transversalis Recti,’ and Bauer as ‘Die Falten des Mastdarms,’ be called plicae recti, and as they are placed on the sides of the rectum, that they be designated as right and left plicae. That the lowest plica on the right, which is the plica transversalis of Kohlrausch, be always known as such.”

1888, WM. ALLINGHAM, revised by Herbert Wm. Allingham, in Diseases of the Rectum, Fifth Edition; J. & A. Churchill, 11 New Burlington Street, London:

Omits mention of the rectal valve.

1889, MARTIN SIHLE, Ein Beitrag zur Statistik der Rectumcarcinome; Schnakenburg’s Buchdruckerei, Dorpat:

Omits mention of the rectal valve.

1890, W. H. VAN BUREN, M.D., LL.D. (Yale), in Diseases of the Rectum; D. Appleton & Company, New York:

Omits mention of the rectal valve.

1890, HARRISON CRIPPS, F.R.C.S., in Diseases of the Rectum and Anus; J. & A. Churchill, London:

Omits mention of the rectal valve.

1890, LE D’ANDRE JACQUINOT, in Rétrécissement Vénérien du Rectum; G. Steinhall, Éditeur, 2, Rue Casimer Delavigne, Paris:

Omits mention of the rectal valve.

1891, DR. JOSEPH SCHAFFER, Beiträge zur Histologie menschlicher Organe; in Commission bei Carl Gerold’s Sohn, Buchhändler der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften:

Omits mention of the rectal valve.

1892, DR. RUDOLF FRANK, Ueber die angeborene Verschliessung des Mastdarmes und die begleitenden inneren und äusseren angeborenen Fistelbildungen; Verlag von Josef Safar, Wien:

Omits mention of the rectal valve.

1892, EDMUND ANDREWS, M.D., LL.D., and EDWARD WILLIS ANDREWS, A.M., M.D., in Rectal and Anal Surgery; W. T. Keener, 96 Washington Street, Chicago, Ill.: