Part 27

MACKENZIE DISTRICT: Fort Resolution, 3 (USBS); Fort Smith, 3 (USBS).

MICHIGAN: Chippewa Co.: Marquette Nat'l Forest, 4; no exact locality, 2. Gogebic Co.: Mud Lake, 1/4 mi. SE Thousand Island Lake, 2. Keweenaw Co.: Lake Manganese, 1 mi. SSE Copper Harbor, 5 (UM); 2-1/5 mi. SE Copper Harbor, 8 (UM); 5 mi. E Eagle Harbor, 6 (UM); E end Lake Upson, 3 (UM); Bete Grise, 5 (UM). Marquette County: Michigamme, 3 (2 USBS). Menominee Co.: 8 mi. N Hermansville, 6 (UM); 6 mi. NW Banat, 8 (UM); 5 mi. SW Banat, 8 (UM); 8 mi. SW Banat, 2 (UM); 7 mi. E Stephenson, 3 (UM); 8 mi. WSW Stephenson, 2 (UM); 10 mi. W Stephenson, 2 (UM); 13 mi. WSW Stephenson, 2 (UM); 5 mi. N Menominee, 2 (UM).

MINNESOTA: Lake Co.: Splitrock River, 2 (UM); St. Louis County: Tower, 27 (USBS).

ONTARIO: Fort Severn, Kenora District, 6 (ROM); Minaki, 7 (MVZ); 30 mi. NE Port Arthur, 6 (UM); Silver Islet, Thunder Bay District, 4 (NMC); 20 mi. SW Fort Williams, 3 (UM); 20 mi. SE Fort Williams, 1 (UM).

SASKATCHEWAN: Emma Lake, 3 (ROM).

WISCONSIN: Bayfield County: Herbster, 4 (USBS); Brinks Camp, Washburn, 1 (AMNH); Basswood Lake, 10 mi. SE Iron River, 1 (USBS). Douglas County: Solon Springs, 9 (USBS). Forest County: Crandon, 1 (USBS). Iron County: Mercer, 2 (USBS). Oneida County: Crescent Lake, 2 (USBS). Vilas County: Mamie Lake, 2 (USBS); Lake St. Germain, 9 (USBS).

YUKON: Lake Lebarge, 3 (USBS); Forks of MacMillian River, 1 (USBS); McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 4.

Marginal records.--Alaska: Fairbanks. MacKenzie: Ft. Resolution. Manitoba: York Factory. Ontario: Fort Severn, Kenora District; Silver Islet, Thunder Bay Dist. Michigan: Marquette Nat'l Forest; 5 mi. N Menominee. Wisconsin: Crandon; Solon Springs. Minnesota: Tower. Manitoba: Portage la Prairie Prov., Delta. Saskatchewan: Emma Lake. Alberta: 30 mi. above Athabasca Landing, Athabasca River; Lac la Nonne. British Columbia: 1 mi. NW junction Irons Creek and Laird River. Yukon: McIntyre Creek, 2250 ft., 3 mi. NW Whitehorse; Lake Lebarge.

=Zapus hudsonius intermedius= new subspecies

Type.--Male, adult, No. 83400, Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool.; Ridgeway, Winneshiek County, Iowa; obtained on July 22, 1939, by S. A. Hoslett, original No. 517.

Range.--Eastern Montana, North Dakota, probably northern South Dakota, all but northern parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Upper Austral (Upper Sonoran and Carolinian) and Transition (Alleghanian and Transition).

Description.--Size medium; back from near Warm Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff with admixture of hair tipped with black or dark brown usually forming distinct, broad, dorsal band; sides lighter, from near Warm Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff with sparse mixture of dark-tipped hairs; lateral line often poorly marked but when present of clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white, sometimes with slight suffusion of color of sides; tail bicolored, grayish-brown to brownish-black above, white to grayish-white or yellowish-white below; ears dark, narrowly edged with color of sides; feet white to grayish-white above; tail relatively short; lateral margins of nasals parallel; auditory bullae relatively short, broadly rounded, and moderately inflated; incisive foramina relatively long and narrow; pterygoid fossae relatively narrow; zygomata relatively long; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary frequently lacking a median projection.

Comparisons.--From Zapus hudsonius pallidus, Z. h. intermedius differs as follows: Coloration duller, not so bright, more yellow or buff and less bright Ochraceous-Buff; interorbital region averaging narrower; incisive foramina averaging longer and narrower; condylobasal length averaging greater; braincase averaging broader; mastoid region averaging broader.

For comparisons with Zapus hudsonius hudsonius, Zapus hudsonius campestris, and Zapus hudsonius americanus see accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.--Zapus hudsonius intermedius has a large geographic range. There is some variation detectable when individuals from widely separate localities are compared, but where there is much variation it is obviously the result of intergradation. All characters differentiating Z. h. intermedius from any contiguous subspecies are not present in every specimen even in the type series. Nevertheless, a certain series of cranial characters (narrow incisive foramina, short rounded auditory bullae, parallel lateral margins of nasals and narrow pterygoid fossae) is diagnostic.

Animals obtained from extreme southwestern Indiana and from eastern Illinois approach Z. h. americanus in color and in shape of the incisive foramina, but in the shape of the nasals, width of the pterygoid fossae and breadth of the zygomata are most nearly like Z. h. intermedius to which they are here referred. Specimens from Lake and Kane counties, Illinois, also show affinity with Z. h. americanus in color, but cranially are most nearly like Z. h. intermedius and are assigned to that subspecies.

Two specimens from southern Illinois (Perry County) are intergrades between Z. h. pallidus and Z. h. intermedius. Cockrum and Baker (1950:3) mentioned that these individuals showed evidence of intergradation with Z. h. pallidus in color of the pelage and the breadth of the least interorbital constriction. In other characters the specimens are most nearly like Z. h. intermedius to which they are here referred. Animals from Lyon County, Iowa, also show intergradation between Z. h. pallidus and Z. h. intermedius. These individuals are most nearly like Z. h. pallidus in interorbital breadth of the skull but in other characters agree with Z. h. intermedius and, therefore, are referred to that subspecies.

Intergradation between Z. h. campestris and Z. h. intermedius is noted in a specimen from 7 mi. NE Glendive, Montana. This individual has the larger, broader, auditory bullae and more widely bowed incisive foramina of Z. h. campestris, but in color, in smaller external size, and in the majority of cranial characters it is best referred to Z. h. intermedius.

Specimens from the north-central periphery of the geographic range of Z. h. intermedius (northern Minnesota and Wisconsin) on the average are darker, have longer auditory bullae, wider bowed incisive foramina, and (some specimens) a slightly wider pterygoid fossa than is normal in more southern populations. This deviation from the norm is interpreted as intergradation between Z. h. hudsonius and Z. h. intermedius. Individuals from Burnett, Price, and Oconto counties, Wisconsin, and those from Cass and southern Clearwater counties, Minnesota, show such intergradation but are here considered to be Z. h. intermedius.

Specimens examined.--Total, 199, distributed as follows:

ILLINOIS: Coles Co.: Fox Ridge State Park, 1 (UIM). Fulton Co.: 1/2 mi. N Norris, 2 (UIM); 3 mi. N Canton, 1 (UIM); 2-1/2 mi. N Canton, 2 (UIM); 2 mi. NW Canton, 3 (UIM); 2 mi. W Canton, 1 (UIM); 3 mi. SW Monterey, 1 (UIM). Jo Daviess Co.: near Galen, 3 (FM). Kane Co.: Sugar Grove, 1 (Chic. AS). Lake Co.: Fox Lake, 4 (FM); Pistake Bay, 1 (FM). Perry Co.: 6 mi. S Pinckneyville (near Pyatt), 2 (SITC). Vermilion Co.: Kickapoo State Park, 2 (UIM); Jordan Creek, 3 mi. NE Fairmont, 5 (UIM).

INDIANA: Owen Co.: La Fayette, 1 (USNM). Parks Co.: Turkey Run State Park, 2 (1 UM; 1 UIM). Posey Co.: Hovey Lake, 1 (UM); New Harmony, 2 (Clev. MNH); no exact locality, 2 (UM). Sullivan Co.: no exact locality, 1 (UM).

IOWA: Dickinson Co.: Camp Forester, E Okeboji Lake, 3 (ISC). Emmet Co.: Fort Defiance State Park, 1 (ISC). Hamilton Co.: Little Wall Lake, Jewell, 6 (ISC). Ida Co.: Arthur, 1 (ISC). Lyon Co.: Elgin Township, Sec. 35, 2 (ISC); Riverside Township, Sec. 28, 1 (ISC). Palo Alto Co.: Ruthven, 1 (ISC). Sioux Co.: Ireton, 1 (UM). Story Co.: Ames, 1 (ISC). Winneshiek Co.: Decorah, 3 (UM); Ridgeway, 11 (UM); Conover, 3 (UM).

KENTUCKY: Lyon Co.: no exact locality, 1 (USNM).

MONTANA: Dawson Co.: Yellowstone River, 7 mi. NE Glendive, 2000 ft., 1 (MVZ).

MINNESOTA: Cass County: Cass Lake, 7 (USBS). Clearwater Co.: Itasca Park, Biological Station, 5 (UM). Grant Co.: 3 mi. NW Barrett, 1 (UM). Jackson Co.: 4 mi. E Heron Lake, 1 (UM). Ottertail Co.: 5 mi. NW Vergas, 8 (UM); 4 mi. NW Ashley, 1430 ft., 2. Ramsey Co.: St. Paul, 1 (UM). Sherburne County: Elk River, 23 (2 UM; 6 MVZ; 3 USBS). Winona County: La Crescent, 3 (USBS).

NORTH DAKOTA: Cass County: Fargo, 1 (USBS). Dickey County: Ludden, 1 (USBS); Ellendale, 1 (USBS). Kidder County: Pettibone, 3 (Chic. AS). La Moure County: La Moure, 1 (USBS). Oliver County: Fort Clark, 3 (USBS). Pembina County: Pembina, 2 (USNM). Ramsey County: Devils Lake, 3 (USBS). Ramson County: Lisbon, 1 (USBS). Richland County: Wahpeton, 2 (USBS); 5 mi. NE Fairmont, Sioux River, 5 (USBS); Blackner, 2 (USBS). Rolette County: Fish Lake, 2 (USBS). Sioux County: Cannon Ball, 4 (USBS). Williams Co.: Grinnell, 2 (USBS).

WISCONSIN: Burnett County: Danbury, 1 (USBS). Chippewa County: Holcombe, 3 (USBS). Clark County: Withee, 4 (USBS); Worden Township, 2 (USBS). Crawford County: Lynxville, 1 (USBS). Dane Co.: Madison, 2 (OHIO). Dodge Co.: Horicorn Refuge, 2 (USBS). Juneau County: Mather, 1 (USBS). Marathon Co.: Rib Hill, 8 (USBS). Oconto County: Lakewood, 1 (USBS). Portage County: Stevens Point, 3 (USBS). Price County: Ogema, 2 (USBS). Rock County: Milton, 1 (USBS). Sauk County: Devils Lake, 1 (USBS). Sheboygan County: 8 mi. SW Mellen, 1 (USBS); Elkhart Lake, 1 (USBS). Walworth County: Delavan, Fosters Bridge, 1 (USBS); Turtle Lake, 1 (USBS). Wood Co.: Thorp Township, 2 (AMNH); Hewett Township, 4 (AMNH).