Part 35

aa. Leaves not deeply cut nor lobed.

b. Margin of leaf entire to sinuate-crenate, but not toothed; acorns on stalks 1/2-4 inches long.

c. Margin of leaf entire, or only slightly undulate; acorns on peduncles 1/2 inch long, the nut about 1/2 inch long; bark on branches not breaking into large, papery scales. Q. imbricaria, p. 121.

cc. Margin of leaf sinuate-crenate, rarely lobed; acorns on stems 1-4 inches long, the nut about 1 inch long; bark on branches breaking into large, papery scales which curl back Q. bicolor, p. 105.

bb. Margin of leaf coarsely toothed; acorns sessile or on stalks less than 1/2 inch long. Q. muhlenbergii, p. 107.

+WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF QUERCUS+

a. Terminal buds usually about 1/8 inch long.

b. Twigs thick-tomentose; entire bud pale-pubescent; branches corky-ridged; cup of acorn conspicuously fringed at the rim. Q. macrocarpa, p. 103.

bb. Twigs glabrous; buds glabrous, or only slightly or partially pubescent; branches without corky ridges; cup of acorn not conspicuously fringed at the rim.

c. Bark on branches breaking into large, papery scales which curl back; buds pilose above the middle; acorns on pubescent stems 1-4 inches long. Q. bicolor, p. 105.

cc. Bark on branches not breaking into large, papery scales; buds glabrous; acorns sessile or very short-stalked.

d. Bark of trunk ash-gray or nearly white, flaky; acorns maturing in autumn of first season; kernel of nut sweet.

e. Buds conical, acute; bud-scales scarious on the margins; nut white-downy at the apex. Q. muhlenbergii, p. 107.

ee. Buds broadly ovoid, obtuse; bud-scales not scarious on the margins; nut not white-downy at the apex. Q. alba, p. 101.

dd. Bark of trunk light to dark brown, smoothish or only slightly fissured; acorns maturing in autumn of second season; kernel of nut bitter.

e. Lateral buds widely divergent; bud-scales scarious on the margins; lowermost branches of trees growing in the open not drooping nearly to the ground. Q. imbricaria, p. 121.

ee. Lateral buds more or less appressed; bud-scales not scarious on the margins; lowermost branches of trees growing in the open drooping nearly to the ground. Q. palustris, p. 111.

aa. Terminal buds usually about 1/4 inch long (slightly smaller in Q. ellipsoidalis).

b. Buds conspicuously hairy or tomentose.

c. Buds rusty-hairy, acute at the apex; cup-scales of acorn rusty-tomentose; inner bark of trunk not yellow; shrubby tree, rare in Michigan. Q. marilandica, p. 119.

cc. Buds hoary-tomentose, obtuse at the apex; cup-scales of acorn hoary-pubescent; inner bark of trunk yellow; large tree, common in Michigan. Q. velutina, p. 117.

bb. Buds glabrous, or pubescent only above the middle.

c. Buds strictly glabrous throughout, lustrous; inner bark of trunk yellow or whitish.

d. Buds obtuse at the apex; trunk provided with pins or stubs of dead branches near the ground; inner bark of trunk yellow; nut 1/2-3/4 inch long, inclosed for one-third to one-half of its length in a top-shaped cup; kernel of nut yellow. Q. ellipsoidalis, p. 115.

dd. Buds acute at the apex; trunk not provided with pins or stubs of branches near the ground; inner bark of trunk whitish; nut about 1 inch long, inclosed only at the base by a shallow, saucer-shaped cup; kernel of nut white. Q. rubra, p. 109.

cc. Buds pale-pubescent above the middle, but usually glabrous below, not lustrous; inner bark of trunk red. Q. coccinea, p. 113.

1. Winter twig, × 2. 2. Leaf, × 1/2. 3. Flowering branchlet, × 1/2. 4. Staminate flower, enlarged. 5. Pistillate flower, enlarged. 6. Fruit, × 1.]

+FAGACEAE+