CHAPTER XXI. Race Improvement

RACE IMPROVEMENT

Eugenics—Passages from my early writings—Original sin—Breeding dogs for intelligence—Great extension of my work by Professor Karl Pearson—Eugenics laboratory—Duty towards race improvement

The subject of Race Improvement, or Eugenics, with which I have much occupied myself during the last few years, is a pursuit of no recent interest. I published my views as long ago as 1865, in two articles written in Macmillan’s Magazine, while preparing materials for my book, Hereditary Genius. But I did not then realise, as now, the powerful influence of Small Causes upon statistical results. I was too much disposed to think of marriage under some regulation, and not enough of the effects of self-interest and of social and religious sentiment. Popular feeling was not then ripe to accept even the elementary truths of hereditary talent and character, upon which the possibility of Race Improvement depends. Still less was it prepared to consider dispassionately any proposals for practical action. So I laid the subject wholly to one side for many years. Now I see my way better, and an appreciative audience is at last to be had, though it be small.

As in most other cases of novel views, the wrong-headedness of objectors to Eugenics has been curious. The most common misrepresentations now are that its methods must be altogether those of compulsory unions, as in breeding animals. It is not so. I think that stern compulsion ought to be exerted to prevent the free propagation of the stock of those who are seriously afflicted by lunacy, feeble-mindedness, habitual criminality, and pauperism, but that is quite different from compulsory marriage. How to restrain ill-omened marriages is a question by itself, whether it should be effected by seclusion, or in other ways yet to be devised that are consistent with a humane and well-informed public opinion. I cannot doubt that our democracy will ultimately refuse consent to that liberty of propagating children which is now allowed to the undesirable classes, but the populace has yet to be taught the true state of these things. A democracy cannot endure unless it be composed of able citizens; therefore it must in self-defence withstand the free introduction of degenerate stock.

What I desire is that the importance of eugenic marriages should be reckoned at its just value, neither too high nor too low, and that Eugenics should form one of the many considerations by which marriages are promoted or hindered, as they are by social position, adequate fortune, and similarity of creed. I can believe hereafter that it will be felt as derogatory to a person of exceptionally good stock to marry into an inferior one as it is for a person of high Austrian rank to marry one who has not sixteen heraldic quarterings. I also hope that social recognition of an appropriate kind will be given to healthy, capable, and large families, and that social influence will be exerted towards the encouragement of eugenic marriages.

Confusion is often made between statistical and individual results. It sometimes seems to be held seriously that if the effect of a particular union cannot be accurately foretold, the application of the rules of Eugenics is vain. This is not the case. Statistics give us assurance concerning the fate of such or such a percentage of a large number of people which, when translated into other terms, is the probability of each of them being affected by it. From the statesman’s point of view, where lives are pawns in the game and personal favour is excluded, this information is sufficient. It tells how large a number of undesirables or of desirables can be introduced or not into a population by such and such measures. Whether their names be A, B, or C, or else X, Y, or Z, is of no importance to the “Statistician,”—a term that is more or less equivalent to that of “Statesman.”

In accordance with one principal purpose of these pages, which is to show the fundamental coherence of most of my many inquiries, I will quote several passages from the above-mentioned articles written in 1865. They expressed then, as clearly as I can do now, the leading principles of Eugenics. They will each be followed by a remark as to how I should wish to modify them.

“The power of man over animal life, in producing whatever varieties of form he pleases, is enormously great. It would seem as though the physical structure of future generations was almost as plastic as clay, under the control of the breeder’s will. It is my desire to show, more pointedly than, so far as I am aware, has been attempted before, that mental qualities are equally under control.”

Then follows a discussion of inherited abilities, of the same character as that which was afterwards developed more fully in Hereditary Genius. If I were to re-write the above passage, it would be modified by limiting the power of the breeder to perpetuating and intensifying qualities which have already appeared in the race. The possibility would at the same time be recognised of the unforeseen appearance of “sports” or “mutations” of a kind not hitherto observed, but which for all that may become hereditary. Such in past times may have been the electric organs of certain eels and rays, the illuminating capacity of glow-worms, fire-flies, and inhabitants of deep waters, the venom in certain snakes, and the power of speech in man.

* * * * *

After some pages of remarks, the latter of them on the physical attributes of very able men, the article continues:—

“Most notabilities have been great eaters and excellent digesters, on literally the same principle that the furnace which can raise more steam than is usual for one of its size must burn more freely and well than is common. Most great men are vigorous animals with exuberant powers and an extreme devotion to a cause. There is no reason to suppose that in breeding for the highest order of intellect we should produce a sterile or a feeble race.”

I should now alter the last sentence to “There is no reason to doubt that a very high order of intellect might be bred with little, if any, sacrifice of fertility or vigour.”

“Many forms of civilisation have been peculiarly unfavourable to the hereditary transmission of rare talent. None of them were more prejudicial to it than that of the Middle Ages, when almost every youth of genius was attracted into the Church and enrolled in the rank of a celibate clergy.”

This argument was largely developed in Hereditary Genius.

“Another great hindrance to it is a costly tone of society, like that of our own, where it becomes a folly for a rising man to encumber himself with domestic expenses, which custom exacts, and which are larger than his resources are able to meet. Here also genius is celibate, at least during the best period of manhood.

“A spirit of clique is not bad. I understand that in Germany it is very much the custom for professors to marry the [sisters] or daughters of other professors, and I have some reason to believe, but am anxious for fuller information before I can feel sure of it, that the enormous intellectual digestion of German literary men, which far exceeds that of the corresponding class of our own countrymen, may, in some considerable degree, be due to this practice.”

I have not even yet obtained the information desired in the last paragraph, the correspondents who partly promised to give it not having done so. As many members of our House of Lords marry the daughters of millionaires, it is quite conceivable that our Senate may in time become characterised by a more than common share of shrewd business capacity, possibly also by a lower standard of commercial probity than at present.

“So far as beauty is concerned ... it is not so very long ago in England that it was thought quite natural that the strongest lance at the tournament should win the fairest or the noblest lady. The lady was the prize to be tilted for. She rarely objected to the arrangement, because her vanity was gratified by the éclat of the proceeding. Now history is justly charged with a tendency to repeat itself. We may therefore reasonably look forward to the possibility, I do not say the probability, of some such practice of competition. What an extraordinary effect might be produced on our race if its object was to unite in marriage those who possessed the finest and most suitable natures, mental, moral, and physical!”

The last paragraph must of course be interpreted in the semi-jocular sense in which it was written.

I may here speak of some attempts by myself, made hitherto in too desultory a way, to obtain materials for a “Beauty-Map” of the British Isles. Whenever I have occasion to classify the persons I meet into three classes, “good, medium, bad,” I use a needle mounted as a pricker, wherewith to prick holes, unseen, in a piece of paper, torn rudely into a cross with a long leg. I use its upper end for “good,” the cross-arm for “medium,” the lower end for “bad.” The prick-holes keep distinct, and are easily read off at leisure. The object, place, and date are written on the paper. I used this plan for my beauty data, classifying the girls I passed in streets or elsewhere as attractive, indifferent, or repellent. Of course this was a purely individual estimate, but it was consistent, judging from the conformity of different attempts in the same population. I found London to rank highest for beauty; Aberdeen lowest.

In another article, after some further discussion, I say:—

“I hence conclude that the improvement of the breed of mankind is no insuperable difficulty. If everybody were to agree on the improvement of the race of man being a matter of the very utmost importance, and if the theory of the hereditary transmission of qualities in men was as thoroughly understood as it is in the case of our domestic animals, I see no absurdity in supposing that, in some way or other, the improvement would be carried into effect.

“Most persons seem to have an idea that a new element, specially fashioned in heaven, and not transmitted by simple descent, is introduced into the body of every new-born infant. It is impossible this should be true, unless there exists some property or quality in man that is not transmissible by descent. But the terms talent and character are exhaustive; they include the whole of man’s spiritual nature, so far as we are able to understand it. No other class of qualities is known to exist, that we might suppose to have been interpolated from on high.”

The article concludes as follows:—

“It is a common theme of moralists of many creeds, that man is born with an imperfect nature. He has lofty aspirations, but there is a weakness in his disposition that incapacitates him from carrying his nobler purposes into effect. He sees that some particular course of action is his duty, and should be his delight; but his inclinations are fickle and base, and do not conform to his better judgment. The whole moral nature of man is tainted with sin, which prevents him from doing the things he knows to be right.

“I venture to offer an explanation of this apparent anomaly which seems perfectly satisfactory from a scientific point of view. It is neither more nor less than that the development of our nature, under Darwin’s law of Natural Selection, has not yet overtaken the development of our religious civilisation. Man was barbarous but yesterday, and therefore it is not to be expected that the natural aptitudes of his race should already have become moulded into accordance with his very recent advance. We men of the present centuries are like animals suddenly transplanted among new conditions of climate and of food; our instincts fail us under the altered circumstances.

“My theory is confirmed by the fact that the members of old civilisations are far less sensible than those newly converted from barbarism, of their nature being inadequate to their moral needs. The conscience of a negro is aghast at his own wild impulsive nature, and is easily stirred by a preacher; but it is scarcely possible to ruffle the self-complacency of a steady-going Chinaman.

“The sense of Original Sin would show, according to my theory, not that man was fallen from a high estate, but that he was rapidly rising from a low one. It would therefore confirm the conclusion that has been arrived at by every independent line of ethnological research, that our forefathers were utter savages ... and that after myriads of years of barbarism our race has but very recently grown to be civilised and religious.”

The above paragraphs appeared also in Hereditary Genius.

These views published by me forty-five years ago are still up to date, owing to the slow advance of the popular mind in its appreciation of the force of heredity. My fault in other parts of these articles was a tendency to overrate the speed with which a great improvement of the race of mankind might, theoretically, be effected. I had not then made out the law of Regression. With this qualification the above extracts express my present views.

Before concluding with these magazine articles, I will make yet another extract in reference to a subject which a friend urged upon me quite recently as a worthy subject of experiment, namely, the breeding of animals for intelligence. The following extract shows that I considered it long ago. I have frequently since thought of making an attempt to carry it out, but it would have occupied more time and money than I could have spared. As it is just possible that the idea may now catch the fancy of some one, and induce him to make a trial, I reprint the passage here:—

“So far as I am aware, no animals have ever been bred for general intelligence. Special aptitudes are thoroughly controlled by the breeder. He breeds Dogs that point, that retrieve, that fondle or that bite; but no one has ever yet attempted to breed for high general intellect, irrespective of all other qualifications. It would be a most interesting subject for an attempt. We hear constantly of prodigies of dogs, whose very intelligence makes them of little value as slaves. When they are wanted, they are apt to be absent on their own errands. They are too critical of their master’s conduct. For instance, an intelligent dog shows marked contempt for an unsuccessful sportsman. He will follow nobody along a road that leads to a well-known tedious errand. He does not readily forgive a man who wounds his self-esteem. He is often a dexterous thief and a sad hypocrite. For these reasons an over-intelligent dog is not an object of particular desire, and therefore I suppose no one has ever thought of encouraging a breed of wise dogs. But it would be a most interesting occupation for a country philosopher to pick up the cleverest dogs he could hear of, and mate them together, generation after generation—breeding purely for intellectual power, and disregarding shape, size, and every other quality.”

The phrase “regardless of every other quality” is too strong, some regard should be paid to the physique and to the character of the dogs.

Perhaps twenty females, ten males, and a fluctuating population of puppies would be enough for an experiment. The cost of this would not be very great, and would be sensibly diminished in time by money derived from the sale of pups.

* * * * *

The idea of the improvement of the human race was again mooted in 1884, and the term Eugenics was then first applied to it in my Human Faculty. Afterwards it was strongly emphasised in my “Huxley Lecture” before the Anthropological Institute in 1901, on the “Possible Improvement of the Human Breed under the existing conditions of Law and Sentiment.”

Great steps towards estimating the values of the influences concerned in effecting it had been made in the meantime by Professor Karl Pearson. He took up my work on Correlation, vastly extending its theory, and adding largely to the data. I had gone no further than to obtain simple results based on the Gaussian law of distribution; he worked out those results with great mathematical skill and elaboration. He also generalised them so as to deal with other laws of distribution than the Gaussian.

Moreover, Professor Karl Pearson established a Biometric Laboratory in University College, where accurate computations are made, and whence a quarterly publication, Biometrika, is issued. It was established by him and Professor Weldon, whose untimely death has been a deep sorrow to many friends and a serious loss to the science of heredity. I also was nominally connected with Biometrika as “Consulting Editor.”

The ground had thus become more or less prepared for further advance; so, after talking over the matter with the authorities of the University of London, and obtaining their ready concurrence, I supplied sufficient funds to allow of a small establishment for the furtherance of Eugenics. The University provided rooms, and gave the sanction of their name and various facilities, and I provided the salaries for a Research Fellow and for a Research Scholar. The Eugenics Laboratory of the University of London is now situated in University College, in connection with Professor Karl Pearson’s biometric laboratory, and I am glad to say he has consented to take it, for the present at least, under his very able superintendence; as I am too old and infirm now to be able to look properly after it. Valuable memoirs are being published by the Laboratory from time to time, and the young institution promises to be a permanent success.

The authorities of the newly established Sociological Society were disposed to take up the subject of Race Improvement, so I gave lectures at two of their meetings in 1904 and 1905, which are published in Vols I. and II. of the Sociological Papers. The subjects were on, “Eugenics, its Scope and Aims,” “Restrictions in Marriage,” “Studies in National Eugenics,” and “Eugenics as a Factor in Religion.” Eugenics is officially defined in the Minutes of the University of London as “the study of agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations, either physically or mentally.”

Skilful and cautious statistical treatment is needed in most of the many inquiries upon whose results the methods of Eugenics will rest. A full account of the inquiries is necessarily technical and dry, but the results are not, and a “Eugenics Education Society” has been recently established to popularise those results. At the request of its Committee I have lately joined it as Hon. President, and hope to aid its work so far as the small powers that an advanced age still leaves intact may permit.

* * * * *

A true philanthropist concerns himself not only with society as a whole, but also with as many of the individuals who compose it as the range of his affections can include. If a man devotes himself solely to the good of a nation as a whole, his tastes must be impersonal and his conclusions so far heartless, deserving the ill title of “dismal” with which Carlyle labelled statistics. If, on the other hand, he attends only to certain individuals in whom he happens to take an interest, he becomes guided by favouritism and is oblivious of the rights of others and of the futurity of the race. Charity refers to the individual; Statesmanship to the nation; Eugenics cares for both.

It is known that a considerable part of the huge stream of British charity furthers by indirect and unsuspected ways the production of the Unfit; it is most desirable that money and other attention bestowed on harmful forms of charity should be diverted to the production and well-being of the Fit. For clearness of explanation we may divide newly married couples into three classes, with respect to the probable civic worth of their offspring. There would be a small class of “desirables,” a large class of “passables,” of whom nothing more will be said here, and a small class of “undesirables.” It would clearly be advantageous to the country if social and moral support as well as timely material help were extended to the desirables, and not monopolised as it is now apt to be by the undesirables.

I take Eugenics very seriously, feeling that its principles ought to become one of the dominant motives in a civilised nation, much as if they were one of its religious tenets. I have often expressed myself in this sense, and will conclude this book by briefly reiterating my views.

Individuals appear to me as partial detachments from the infinite ocean of Being, and this world as a stage on which Evolution takes place, principally hitherto by means of Natural Selection, which achieves the good of the whole with scant regard to that of the individual.

Man is gifted with pity and other kindly feelings; he has also the power of preventing many kinds of suffering. I conceive it to fall well within his province to replace Natural Selection by other processes that are more merciful and not less effective.

This is precisely the aim of Eugenics. Its first object is to check the birth-rate of the Unfit, instead of allowing them to come into being, though doomed in large numbers to perish prematurely. The second object is the improvement of the race by furthering the productivity of the Fit by early marriages and healthful rearing of their children. Natural Selection rests upon excessive production and wholesale destruction; Eugenics on bringing no more individuals into the world than can be properly cared for, and those only of the best stock.

FOOTNOTES

One of the verses still haunts my memory and deserves reproduction:—

“The brook sings not so cheerily as of yore, The young spring leaf is withered and upcurled, The rose is scentless, and the sunbeam cold, Truly there’s something wanting in the world.”

Narrative of an Explorer in Tropical South-West Africa. By F. Galton (Murray), 2nd edition, Ward, Locke, & Co., Minerva Press, 1889. Lake N’gamî; Explorations in South-West Africa. By Ch. Andersson (Longman), 1856. Also papers by both in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society.

Anyhow, the optical principle on which it worked was pretty. A part of the flash struck one end of a strip cut out of the middle of a glass lens, and was brought by it to a focus (a burning spot) on an otherwise shaded porcelain screen. The eye looking through the other end of the strip saw the burning spot as a mock-sun. Now, by a well-known optical law, the apparent position of the burning spot is the same whatever be the part of the lens that makes it, or through which it is viewed. So the mock-sun seen by the eye covers the same part of the landscape that is simultaneously covered by the flash. The eye sees, it is true, only one portion of the mock-sun, whence the position of the rest has to be inferred.

Photographs of the North American Indians. By Garrick Mallery, from the Fourth Annual Report of the Museum of Ethnology, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1886.

Extract from letter of M. Alphonse Bertillon, 15 Juin 1891: “Je vous remercie de votre nouvel envoi relativement aux impressions digitales. Je suis fort disposé à ajouter votre procédé au signalement anthropométrique surtout pour les enfants. Mais je redoute quelques difficultés pratiques pour le nettoyage des doigts après l’impression faite, etc. Puis mes agents si peu instruits mettront-ils le zèle nécessaire pour apprendre votre méthode? Je crois que vous traversez souvent Paris, pourriez vous à votre prochain voyage, me consacrer une matinée au Dépot, pour un essayage sur la vile multitude?”

The word “about” is a slight reservation due to each class man, being one-half place short of his nominal class-place. In a class of 100, the topmost occupies the post of ½, and the lowest that of 99½. There are 101 divisions or “rungs” from 0° to 100° inclusive, but only 100 persons. The existence of this half place may be neglected by the ordinary reader, though an expert would lay stress upon it.

Nephew of the two great actors, John Philip Kemble and of Mrs. Siddons; brother of Adelaide and of Fanny Kemble, and having at least four other near relations who were noted actors.

Now Professor Sir George H. Darwin, K.C.B., F.R.S., etc.

It was revised and added to in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1875, and then incorporated into Human Faculty, 1883 (which is now republished in an exceedingly cheap form in “Everyman’s Library”).

This unit is known by the uncouth and not easily justified name of “Probable Error,” which I suppose is intended to express the fact that the number of deviations or “Errors” in the two outer fourths of the series is the same as those in the two middle fourths; and therefore the probability is equal that an unknown error will fall into either of these two great halves, the outer or the inner.

See Pres. Address, Section H, Brit. Assoc. Aberdeen, 1885.

APPENDIX

. Telotype, a Printing Electric Telegraph (J. Weale;—Macmillan) 1850

. Recent Expedition into the Interior of South-Western Africa (Geogr. Soc. Journ.) 1852

. =Tropical South Africa= (Murray, 1853) (second edition, Ward, Lock & Co., Minerva Press, 1889) 1853

. Modern Geography—Cambridge Essays (J. W. Parker) 1855

. =Art of Travel=, 1855, and subsequent editions (Murray) 1855

. Arts of Campaigning, Inaugural Lecture at Aldershot (Murray) 1855

. Course of Public Lectures in the Camp at Aldershot (Privately Printed) 1856

. Catalogue of Models illustrative of Camp Life (Privately Printed) 1858

. Exploration of Arid Countries (Geogr. Soc. Proc.) 1858

. Hand Heliostat, for the purpose of Flashing Sun Signals, from on board Ship or on Land, in Sunny Climates (Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1858; Geogr. Soc. Proc., 1860) 1858

. =Vacation Tourists=, Edited and containing two Memoirs by F. Galton (Macmillan) 1860-63

. On a New Principle for the Protection of Riflemen (based on the trajectory of the spherical bullets then in use) (United Service Journ.) 1861

. Zanzibar, a Lecture at the S.P.G. (Mission Field) 1861

. Circular asking for Synchronance Observations during one month three times daily, with map (Privately Printed) 1861

. Meteorological Charts (Phil. Mag.) 1861

. A Development of the Theory of Cyclones (Anticyclones) (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1862

. =Meteorographica= (Macmillan) 1863

. Stereoscopic Maps, taken from models of mountainous countries (Geogr. Soc. Journ.) 1865

. Spectacles for Divers, and the Vision of Amphibious Animals (Brit. Assoc. Rep.) 1865

. Hereditary Talent and Character (Macmillan’s Magazine) 1865

. Conversion of Wind-Charts into Passage-Charts (Brit. Assoc. Rep.; Phil. Mag.) 1866

. =Hereditary Genius=, 1869; second edition, 1892 (Macmillan) 1869

. Drill Pantagraph, reducing horizontally and vertically to different scales. Also a Mechanical Computer of Vapour Tension. Report of Meteorological Council. See also 119 1869

. Barometric Predictions of Weather (Brit. Assoc. Rep.) 1870

. Experiments in Pangenesis, by breeding from rabbits of a pure variety, into whose circulation blood taken from other varieties had previously been largely transfused (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1871

. Gregariousness in Cattle and in Men (Macmillan’s Mag.; vol. 23) 1872

. On Blood Relationship: a Discussion on the Meaning of Kinship (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1872

. Address to the Geographical Section of the British Association at Brighton (Brit. Assoc. Rep.) 1872

. Statistical Inquiries into the Efficacy of Prayer (Fortnightly Review) 1872

. Relative Supplies from Town and Country Families to Future Generations (Journ. Statist. Soc.) 1873

. Africa for the Chinese (Times) 1873

. Employment of Meteorological Statistics in determining the best course for a ship whose sailing qualities are known (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1873

. Hereditary Improvement (Frazer’s Magazine, January) 1873

. Proposed Statistical Scale (Nature, 5th March) 1870

. Proposal to apply for Anthropological Statistics from Schools (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1874

. English Men of Science, their Nature and their Nurture (Royal Institution) 1874

. =English Men of Science=, their Nature and Nurture (Macmillan) 1874

. Excess of Females in the West Indies (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1874

. Notes on the Marlborough School Statistics (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1875

. On the Probability of the Extinction of Families [in association with Rev. H. W. Watson] (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1875

. Statistics by Intercomparison, with Remarks on the Law of Frequency of Error (Phil. Mag.) 1875

. Height and Weight of Boys, aged 14, in Town and Country Public Schools (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1876

. The History of Twins, as a Criterion of the Relative Powers of Nature and Nurture (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1876

. Short Notes on Heredity, etc., in Twins (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1876

. A Theory of Heredity (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.; Revue Scientif.) 1876

. Whistles for Determining the Upper Limits of Audible Sound in Different Persons (South Kensington Conferences; volume on “Chemistry, Biology,” etc. p. 61). See Hydrogen Whistles, 74 1866

. Apparatus for the Rapid Verification of Thermometers; now in use at the Kew Observatory (Roy. Soc. Proc., 1878; Phil. Mag. 1877) 1877

. Typical Laws of Heredity (1877) (Royal Inst. Proc., 1879; Nature, 1877; Revue Scientif., 1877) 1877

. Address to the Department of Anthropology of the Brit. Assoc., Plymouth [On the Study of Types (or Groups) of Men] (Brit. Assoc. Rep.; Nature; Revue Scientif., 1877) 1877

. Composite Portraits, made by combining those of many different persons into a single resultant figure (Anthropol. Inst. Journ., 1879; Nature, 1878; Revue Scientif., 1879) 1878

. Letters of H. M. Stanley from Equatorial Africa to Daily Telegraph (Edin. Review) 1878

. The Geometric Mean in Vital and Social Statistics (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1879

. Generic Images (Nineteenth Century) 1879

. Psychometric Experiments, Free Will (Brain, vol. ii.) 1879

. Opportunities of Science Masters at Schools (Nature) 1880

. Determining the Heights and Distances of Clouds by their Reflections in a low Pool of Water, and in a Mercurial Horizon (Brit. Assoc. Rep.) 1880

. Visualised Numerals (Preliminary Memoir) (Nature) 1880

. Statistics of Mental Imagery (Mind, No. XIX.) 1880

. Galtonia Candicans (Flores des serres, etc., par J. Decaisne, 1880), (Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1881) 1880

. The Equipment of Exploring Expeditions now and fifty years ago, (Brit. Assoc. Rep.) 1881

. Construction of Isochronic Passage-Charts (Brit. Assoc. Rep.; Geogr. Soc. Proc.) 1881

. Visualised Numerals (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1881

. Inquiry into the Physiognomy of Phthisis by the Method of Composite Portraiture (in connection with Dr. Mahomed) (Guy’s Hospital Reports, vol. XXV.) 1881

. Visions of Sane Persons (Roy. Inst. Proc.) 1882

. Generic Images (Roy. Inst. Proc.) 1882

. Photographic Portraits from Childhood to Age (Fortnightly Review) 1882

. A Rapid-View Instrument for Momentary Attitudes (Nature) 1882

. Anthropometric Laboratory (Fortnightly Review) 1882

. Conventional Representation of the Horse in Motion (Nature) 1882

. Apparatus for testing the Delicacy of the Muscular and other Senses (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1883

. The American Trotting-Horse (Nature) 1883

. Outfit for an Anthropometric Laboratory (Privately Printed) 1883

. Hydrogen Whistles (Nature). See 46 1883

. =Human Faculty= (Macmillan) 1883

. Medical Family Registers (proposed prizes) (Fortnightly Review) 1883

. Arithmetic Notation of Kinship (Nature) 1883

. Anthrop. Laboratory, Internat. Health Exhib. (Issued by Authority) 1884

. =Life History Album=, 1884 (second edition, 1903, Macmillan) 1884

. Table of Observations [of 400 persons] (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1884

. Free Will, Observations and Inferences (Mind, No. XXXV.) 1884

. Measurement of Character (Fortnightly Review) 1884

. =Record of Family Faculties= (published in connection with an offer of prizes) (Macmillan) 1884

. Anthropometric Laboratory at the International Health Exhibition (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1885

. Anthropometric Per-Centiles (Nature) 1885

. Address to the Anthropological Section of the British Association, Aberdeen, 1885 [On Inheritance and Regression] (Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1885; Anthropol. Inst. Journ., 1886) 1885

. Regression towards Mediocrity in Hereditary Stature (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1885

. Good and Bad Temper in English Families (Nineteenth Century) 1885

. Composite Portraits (four sets reproduced) (Photo News) 1885

. Family Likeness in Stature, with an Appendix by J. D. Hamilton Dickson (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1886

. Family Likeness in Eye-Colour (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1886

. Presidential Address, Anthropol. Inst. (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1886

. The Origin of Varieties (Curve of Attractiveness) (Nature) 1886

. Anniversary Meeting of Royal Society—Presentation of a Royal Medal to F. Galton. Also his speech after the dinner (Times) 1886

. Recent Designs for Anthropometric Instruments (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1887

. Notes on Permanent Colour Types in Mosaics (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1887

. Thoughts without Words (Nature) 1887

. Presidential Address, Anthropol. Inst. (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1887

. Pedigree Moth-Breeding as a means of Verifying certain Important Constants in the General Theory of Heredity (Trans. Entomol. Soc., London) 1887

. Notes on Australian Marriage Systems (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1889

. Remarks on Replies by Teachers to Questions respecting Mental Fatigue (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1889

. Presidential Address, Anthropol. Inst. (Anthrop. Inst. Journ.) 1888

. Correlations and their Measurement, chiefly from Anthropometric Data (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1889

. Instruments—(1) Differences of Tint; (2) for Reading Time (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1889

. Presidential Address, Anthropol. Inst. (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1889

. Personal Identification and Description (Roy. Inst. Proc., 1889; Nature, 1888) 1889

. Head Growth in Students at the University of Cambridge (Anthropol. Inst. Journ., 1889; Nature, 1888-89) 1889

. Advisability of Assigning Marks for Bodily Efficiency in the Examination of Candidates for the Public Services (Brit. Assoc. Rep.) 1889

. =Natural Inheritance= (Macmillan, 1889) 1889

. Anthropometric Laboratory, Notes and Memoirs (Privately Printed) 1890

. A New Instrument for Measuring the Rate of Movement of the Various Limbs (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1891

. Dice for Statistical Experiments (Nature) 1890

. Physical Tests in Competitive Examinations (Soc. of Arts Journ.) 1890

. Tests and Certificates of the Kew Observatory (Printed for the Observatory) 1890

. Retrospect of Work done at my Anthropometric Laboratory at South Kensington (Anthropol. Inst. Journ.) 1892

. Patterns in Thumb and Finger Marks; their arrangement into naturally distinct classes, the permanence of the Papillary Ridges that make them, and the resemblance of their classes to ordinary genera (Phil. Trans., abstract; Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1891

. Methods of Indexing Finger Marks (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1891

. Galton’s Pantagraph and Vapour Tension Computer (Illustrated) (Deutsche Mathem.: Vereinigung). See also 23 1892

. The Just Perceptible Difference [Descriptive Portraiture] (Roy. Inst. Proc.) 1893

. Identification (Nature) 1893

. =Finger Prints= (Macmillan) 1893

. =Blurred Finger Prints= (Macmillan) 1893

. Enlarged Finger Prints (Photographic Work) 1893

. Results derived from the Natality Table of Korosi, by employing the Method of Contours, or Isogens (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1894

. Physical Index to 100 Persons, their Measures and Finger Prints (Privately Printed) 1894

. Relative Sensitivity of Men and Women (Nature) 1894

. Arithmetic by Smell (Psychological Review) 1894

. A Plausible Paradox in Chances (Nature) 1894

. Discontinuity in Evolution (Mind) 1894

. =Finger Print Directory= (Macmillan) 1895

. Terms of Imprisonment (Distribution of Sentences) (Nature) 1895

. A New Step in Statistical Science (Nature) 1895

. Intelligible Signals between Neighbouring Stars (or other inaccessible stations whose inhabitants had no common language) (Fortnightly Review) 1896

. A Curious Idiosyncrasy [Faintness at Sight of an Injured Finger Nail] (Nature) 1896

. Three Generations of Lunatic Cats (Spectator) 1896

. Prints of Scars (Nature) 1896

. Private Circular of Committee for Measurement of Plants and Animals (private, by Royal Society) Dec. 5, Nov. 30 1896

. The Average Contribution of each several Ancestor to the Total Heritage of the Offspring (Roy. Soc. Proc.) 1897

. A New Law of Heredity (Nature) 1897

. Hereditary Colour in Horses (Nature) 1897

. Rate of Racial Change that accompanies Different Degrees of Severity in Selection (Nature) 1897

. Relation between Individual and Racial Variability (Nature) 1897

. Retrograde Selection (Gardeners’ Chronicle) 1897

. A Diagram of Heredity illustrating the “Ancestral Law” (Nature) 1898

. An Examination into the Registered Speeds of American Trotting Horses, with Remarks on their Value as Hereditary Data (Roy. Soc. Proc.; Nature) 1898

. Photographic Measurement of Horses and other Animals (Nature) 1898

. Photographic Record of Pedigree Stock (Brit. Assoc. Rep., pp. 597-603, wrongly indexed as p. 567) 1898

. Distribution of Prepotency (in horses) (Nature) 1898

. Temporary Flooring in Westminster Abbey for Ceremonial Processions (Times, May 25) 1898

. Pedigree Stock Records (Brit. Assoc. Rep., pp. 424-430) 1899

. The Median Estimate (Brit. Assoc. Rep., pp. 638-640) 1899

. Strawberry Cure for Gout (Linnaeus;—Nature) 1899

. Souvenirs d’Egypte (Bulletin de la Soc. Khédiviale de Geographie; Isap. Nat., Cairo) 1900

. A Geometric Determination of the Median Value of a System of Normal Variants, from Two of its Centiles (Nature) 1900

. Analytical Photography (Nature; Photogr. Soc. Journ., New Series) 1900

. =Biometrika=, Consulting Editor of 1901

. Biometry (Biometrika) 1901

. First and Second Prizes (Biometrika) 1901-2

. Probability of a Son of a very gifted Father being no less gifted (Nature) 1901

. The Possible Improvement of the Human Breed under the Existing Conditions of Law and Sentiment (Huxley Lecture of the Anthropological Institute, Nature; Smithsonian Institution Report) 1901

. Finger Print Evidence (Nature) 1902

. Pedigrees (based on Fraternal Units) (Nature) 1903

. Are we degenerating? (Daily Chronicle) 1903

. On Remarks by Sir Edward Fry on Natural Selection (Nature) 1903

. Nomenclature and Tables of Kinship (father, mother, brother, etc.), (Nature, Jan. 28) 1904

. Average Number of Kinsfolk in each Degree (Nature) 1904-5

. University of London. Notice of Research Fellowship in Eugenics (Printed for University) 1904

. Restrictions in Marriage; Studies in National Eugenics; Eugenics as a Factor in Religion, with abstract of an earlier paper (vol. ii. Sociological Papers) 1905

. Distribution of Successes and Natural Ability among Kinsfolk of Fellows of Royal Soc. (Nature) 1905

. Anthropometry at Schools (Royal Inst. of Public Health, London Congress) 1905

. On Dr. Fauld’s ‘Guide to Finger-Print Identification’ (Nature, Supplement) 1905

. Number of Strokes of the Brush in a Picture (Nature) 1905

. Cutting a round Cake on Scientific Principles 1906

. =Noteworthy Families=, jointly with E. Schuster (Murray) 1906

. Measurement of Resemblance (Nature) 1906

. One Vote one Value (Nature) 1907

. Vox Populi (Nature) 1907

. Further sum of £1000 to University of London (Times) 1907

. Probability the Foundation of Eugenics, “H. Spencer” Lecture Oxford (Clarendon Press Oxf.) 1907

. Grades and Deviates (calculations by W. F. Sheppard; Vol. v. Biometrika) 1907

. Suggestions for improving the Literary Style of Scientific Memoir (R. Soc. Literature) 1908

. Eugenics, Address on (Westminster Gazette, June 26) 1908

PRINCIPAL AWARDS AND DEGREES

Gold Medal, Royal Geographical Society 1853 Silver Medal, French Geographical Society 1854 Elected to Athenæum Club under Rule II. 1855 Fellow of the Royal Society 1856 Gold Medal of the Royal Society 1886 Officer de I’Instruction Publique, France 1891 D.C.L. Oxford 1894 Sc.D. (Honorary), Cambridge 1895 Huxley Medal Anthropological Institute 1901 Elected Hon. Fellow Trinity College, Cambridge 1902 Darwin Medal, Royal Society 1902 Linnæan Society Medal at Darwin-Wallace Celebration 1908

INDEX

Abbas Pasha, 91

Aberdeen, 316

Aberfeldy, 71

Abney, Sir W., 227

Abydos (Egypt), 98

Adelsberg, caves of, 56

Aden (in Lebanon), 104

AFTER RETURN HOME—MARRIAGE, 152

Agricultural Hall, 217

Ague, 102, 106, 159

Airy, Sir George, 187

Alcock, Sir Rutherford, 193

Aldershot, lectures at, 164

Alexander, Sir James, 128, 201

Ali (dragoman), 85, 89, 102, 103

Allman, Prof., 294

Alpine Club, 190

Amiral, 135, 147

Ancestral law, 308

Anderson, Ch. J., 123, 148, 149

Andorre, Republic of, 190

Anthropological Notes and Queries, 163

Anthropometric Laboratories, International Exhibition, 244; South Kensington, 249

Anticyclones, 231

Arithmetic by Smell, 283

Arnaud Bey, 87, 97

Arnold, Dr., 63, 69

ART OF TRAVEL, 161, 162

Ashburton, Lord, 169

Athenæum Club, 12, 150

Atkinson, T. W., 176

Attwood, Rev. G., 18

Austen, Sir Ch. Roberts, 216

Austen and Austin, 291

Automatic acts interfered with, 276

Avebury, Lord, 177

Bachelor, the “Travelling,” 68

Bag for sleeping, 189

Balloon, 115; the Nassau, 183

Bam, Rev. —, 132

Barclay of Ury (Apologist), 5

—— Capt. B. Allardice, 5

—— Hedworth, 85

Barmen Mission Station, 129

Barth, Dr., 172

Basset Hounds, 308

Bates, H. W., 210

Bayouda Desert, 95

Bears, 123, 190

Beauty-maps, 315

Bennett, Sir J. Risdon, 274

Bentham, George, 174, 190

Bentinck, Mr., 152

Berkswell Rectory, 306

Bertillon, Alphonse, measurements, 251; letter on finger-prints, 255; system inappropriate to India, 256

Beyrout, quarantine, 102, 105

Bidder, G., Q.C., 270

Biggs, Miss E., 195

Birmingham Hospital, 20, 43

—— School, 20

Bishari Desert, 87

Black Sea, 51

Blakesley, J. W., 58

Blind, low muscular sense of, 249

Blood, smell of, 191

Blue Nile, 94

Bob (Arab boy), 86, 88, 96

Boers, 126, 136

Bosphorus, 52

Boulogne, school at, 16

Boulton, Matthew P. W., 19, 58

—— Montagu, 85

—— & Watt’s works, 4, 19

Bowman, Sir W., 24, 41

Bradley, Dean, 183

Bradshaw, Mrs., 106

Brakes to carriages, 61

Brandram, Miss (see MacLennan), 192

Breathing, experiments on, 276

Bristed, C., 77

BRITISH ASSOCIATION, 65, 208, 213

Broca, 44

Brock, Mr., 249

Brodrick, Hon. G., 180, 211

Brookfield, W. H., 170

Brougham, Lord, 153

Buffon, 292

Bump bag, 116

Bunbury, Mrs. (Adele Galton), 13

Burns (accidents), 30

Burton, Sir R., 161, 171, 199, 202-3

Bushmen, 130, 147

Butler, A. Frank, 195

—— George, D.D., 154, 156

—— George G., 211

—— G. G., Medallist R.S. Soc., 212

—— Montagu, D.D., Master of Trinity, 160

Buxton, Charles, 69

Byron, Lord (the poet), 49, 63, 170

—— —— Admiral, 8

Cairo, 86

CAMBRIDGE, 58

Camel, desiccated, 89

Cameron of Lochiel, 190

Campbell, Hon. F., afterwards Lord Stratheden and Campbell, 65, 77

Candolle, de, Alphonse, 291

Canning, 85

Caravan, 89

Carlyle, 169, 322

Carpenter, Prof. W. B., 10

Cattle Show at Plymouth, 280

Cayley, Prof. Arthur, 53, 71

Celibacy (of clergy), 314

Gentiles, table of, 267, 299

Chain armour, 107

Chandos-Pole, Col. Sacheverel, 7

CHILDHOOD AND BOYHOOD, 13

Chinaman, 317

Chree, Dr., 229

Clark, W. G., 70

Classics, Senior, heredity in, 289

Claverdon, 110

Clermont-Ferrand, 154

Clifford, W. K., 216

Clouds, smoke, from bursting shell, 236

Cobra, poison fang, 298

COMPOSITE PORTRAITS AND STEREOSCOPIC MAPS, 259

Constantinople, 52

Cooke, Messrs., 226

Copley Medal, 71

Correlations, 302

Corona at eclipse, 188

Cory, W. Johnson, 67

Costigan, Capt., 106

Count O., 62

Crawfurd, John, 172

Crimean War, 163

Crocodiles, 95

Culrain moor, 111

Cumming, Gordon, 122

Cunene R., 130

Curative index, 33

Cyclones, 230

Dacota Indians, 197

Dalyell, Sir Robert, 78

Damaras, 127, 130, 141

—— endurance of pain, 35

Damascus, 102

Daniell, Prof., 41

Danube, 50

Darwin, D. Erasmus, 6, 22, 85, 288

—— Charles his son, 7

—— Dr. Robert, 7, 22

—— Charles R., the Naturalist, letter on “Art of Travel,” 163; visits to, at Down, 169; misunderstood, 287; letter to me on Hereditary Genius, 290

—— Major Leonard, 173, 228

—— Prof. Sir George, 290

Dasent, Sir G., 39

Dead Sea, 106

Decaisne, Prof. J., 175

Deftader of Shendy, 91, 92

De la Rue, 227

Delirium tremens, 38

Denman, Justice Hon. G., 70, 74

Derby races, 178, 179

Deviations from Median, 299

Dewar, Sir J., 302

Dickson, J. Hamilton, 302

Directory, Finger Prints, 255

Dogs, breeding for intelligence, 318

Dongola, 95

Drowning, escape from, 45

Drunken man operated on, 35

Druse chief, 102

Du Cane, Sir Edmund, 259

Duddeston, 2

Duelling, 75

Eclipse, 188

Edstone, 114

EGYPT AND THE SOUDAN, 83

Electric telegraph, 119

Elephant Fontein, 146

Emin Bey, 205

Emir Rourbah, 107

English Men of Science, 219

Epigram Club, 68

Erhardt, 146, 198

Erongo, 131, 137

Eugenics, 310, 319

Evans, Rev. Charles (Brit. Assoc.), 218

—— Capt. Sir Frederick, 233

Extinction of families, 305

Falstaff’s soliloquy, 1

Family likeness, 302

—— records, 293

Farr, Dr., 292

Farrar, F. (Dean of Canterbury), 211, 244

Farrer, Lord, 233

Fazakerley, 111

Fellow (of a Scientific Society), 222

Fever, 102, 106

Fidgets, counting number of, 278

Finger-prints, 252, 254

—— letter from Bertillon on, 255

FitzRoy, Admiral, 229, 232

Forbes, Edward, 216

Forensic medicine, 42

Frazer, J. G., 105

Free will, 295

Frere, Sir Bartle, 206

—— Hookham, 85

—— Robert, 45, 85

Freshfield, Douglas, 212

Fry, Mrs., 6

Galton, hamlet of, 5

Galton, Samuel, 2, 5, 11; Samuel John, 2, 3, 4, 18; Samuel Tertius (my father), 2, 8, 47, 82; Hubert, 8; Howard, 8; Theodore, 9; Sir Douglas, 10, 122, 228; A. Violetta (my mother), 10, 155; Bessy (Mrs. Wheler), my sister, 14, 84; Lucy (Mrs. Moilliet), 11, 84; Adele (Mrs. Bunbury), 13, 83, 156; Emma, 84, 155; Darwin (my brother), 84; Erasmus (my brother), 16, 79, 83, 156, 164; Mrs. Francis G. (my wife), 154, 220

Galtonia Candicans, 175; vignette, 323

Garibaldi, 285

Gassiott, J. P., 228, 250

Gauss’s law, 299, 304

Gell, Bishop of Madras, 75

Genera and patterns in finger prints, 253

Geographical R. Society, 122, 126, 150, 162, 210

Geographical Society, Cairo, 97

GEOGRAPHY AND EAST AFRICA, 198

George IV., 45

Germans in S.W. Africa, 128

Ghou Damup, 130

Gibbs, W. F., 74

Giddiness (see Illnesses), 16, 155

Giessen, 48

Gladstone, Mr. W. E., 249

Goldie, Sir George, 173

Granada, 52

Grange, the, 169

Grant, Col., 200

Grove, Hon. Justice Sir Wm., 42, 219

Gummi schuhe, 306

Gurney, Hudson, 6

Gurney, Mr. and Mrs. Russell, 181, 182

Gurneys of Earlham, 9

Guy’s Hospital, 262

Hahn, Rev. Hugo, 135, 145

Hallam, Harry F., 65, 115

Hallam, Henry, 65, 79

Hand Heliostat, 165

Hans Larsen, 134, 141, 149

Hanwell, photographs of lunatics, 262

Harris, Capt., 122

Harrow, 160

Hausa language, 172

Haviland, Dr., 47

Hawkins, F. Vaughan, 191, 306

Heliostat, 61, 226; hand, 165

Henry, Sir Edward, 256

HEREDITY, 287

Herschel, Sir John, 188

—— Sir William, 252

Hill, Sir Rowland, 3

Hills, Judge and Mrs., 222

Hints to Travellers, 163

Hippopatami, 95

Historical Society, 76

Hodgson, Joseph, 22, 39, 85

Holden, H., 21, 76

Hollond, Mr. and Mrs. Robert, 183

Hooker, Sir Joseph, 175

Hopkins, William, 64, 81

Horner, Leonard, 46

Horse in gallop (conventional), 264

Hospitals, Birmingham, 26, 43, 135; Guy’s, 262; King’s College, 43; St. George’s, 47, 82; uses for experiment, 44

Houghton, Lord, 204, 216

Hughes, Mr. Tom, 167

HUMAN FACULTY, 266

HUNTING AND SHOOTING, 110

Hunt Club, Leamington, 110

Hunting, Queen’s Stag Hounds, 115; New Forest, 119

Hutton, Crompton, 78

Huxley, 172, 222, 258

Huxley Lecture, Anthrop. Inst., 319

Hyacinthus Candicans (see Galtonia)

Hypnotism, 80

Hysteria, 38

Ideas, new, 287

Idols, 277

Illnesses, at Cambridge, 79; during many years, 116; in 1866, 155, 215

Index of Correlation, 302; curative, 33

Insanity, experiments, 276

International Exhibition of 1884, 245

Iron Gates (Danube), 50

Jaffa, 105

Jeffreys, J. Gwyn, 10

Jerusalem, 106

Jeune, Dr. (Bishop of Peterborough), 20

Johnson, Dr. Alice, 98

Johnson, Sir George, 42

Johnson, H. Vaughan, 74

Jonker, 129, 135, 136, 146

Jordan, 106

Kahichené, 141

Kaoko, 142

Kay, Sir Edward, Lord Justice, 69

Kay, Joseph, 68

Kellig (water-skin), 106

Kelvin, Lord, 60

Kemble, J. Mitchell, 286

Kenilworth, school at, 18

Keswick, 59

KEW OBSERVATORY AND METEOROLOGY, 224

Kew Observatory, history of, 225

Khartum, 92, 93

Kilimandjaro, 198

King’s College, 39, 56; Hospital, 43

Knapsack sleeping-bag, 189

Knowles, General, 164

Korosko, 86

Kuisip R., 129

Kustendji, 49, 51

Laboratory, Anthropometric, Health Exhibition, 245, 270; S. Kensington, 249; for Faculty generally, 267

Ladysmith, 126

Lamb, Charles, 39

LANDS OF THE DAMARAS, OVAMPO, AND NAMAQUAS, 138

Lazarette (see Quarantine)

Leamington, 18, 110, 155

Lebanon, 104

Lesseps, 161

Levanting and re-levanting, 104

Le Verrier, 229

Liebig, Prof., 48

Lighthouse, 114

Lingen, Lord, 78

Linz, 49, 247

Lions, 133, 247

Lister, Lord, 37

Livingstone, 122, 205, 206

Lloyd, Charles, 123

Lochiel, Cameron of, 190

Lords, House of, 314

Loup, Saut de, 192

Lovelace, Earl of, 170

Lubbock, Sir J. (Lord Avebury), 177

Luchon, 189

Lyell, Mrs. (Life of Leonard Horner), 46

Lymington, 119

Macalister, Dr. Donald, 212, 304

Macaulay, 74

MacKinder, 212

MacLennan, J. F., 67

MacLennan, Mrs., 192, 195

Macmillan, Vacation Tourists, 186

Mahomed, Dr., 262

Maine, Sir Henry, 66

Maori, endurance of pain, 36

Markham, Sir Clement, 210

Marks for physical efficiency, 214

Matheson, Rev. —, 59, 60

Maury, 229

Medallions, 196

Medals (see List, p. 331); R.G. Soc., 150

Median estimates in Juries, 281

MEDICAL STUDIES, 22

Mehemet Ali, 86

Memorial of African Travellers, 204

Mendel, 308

Menzies, Sir Niel, 73

Merrifield, Mr., 307

Mesmerism, 80

Meteorographica, 232

Meteorological Committee and Council, 233

Microscopes, 41

Millais, Sir Everard, 309

Millau, 194

Miller, Dr. Allen, 48

Miseri’s Hotel, 52

Models (Art of Travel), 164

Mombas, 198

Monkeys, 91, 109

Montpelier le Vieux, 194

Müller, Prof. Max., 283

Murchison, Sir R., 150, 208

Murie, Dr., 298

Murray, Admiral Hon., 171

Mutations, 313

Muybridge, Mr., 264

Myers, Rev. F., 60

Mytton, 110, 289

Namaquas, 127, 136

Nangoro, 142; his death, 144

Nassau balloon, 183

Nature and Nurture (twins), 294

Naworth Castle, 300

Newstead Abbey, 170

New York Herald, 206

N’gamî Lake, 122, 127, 147

Niles, White and Blue, 94; sources of White, 199

Noble, Sir Andrew, 238

North, Frederick, M.P., 180

—— Marianne, 181

Northbrook, Lord, 202

Number-forms, 270

Observations, self-recording, 234

Oliphant, Lawrence, 161, 162, 172

Olympus, Mt., 52

Original sin, 317

Orkneys, 111

Oswell, W. C., 122

Otchimbingue, 129

Ovambondé, 138, 142

Ovampo limit, 130, 142

Oxen, 146

Oyster-catcher (bird), 114

P., Mr., 23

Packe, Charles, 189

Paget, Sir James, 36

Pain, sense of, 35

Pangenesis, 297

Pantagraph, drill, 232, 235

PARENTAGE, 1

Parker, Sir Hyde, 123, 152

Parkyns, Mansfield, 92, 172

Partridge, John, R.A., 40

—— Prof. Richard, 39

Passage roses, 239

Pasteur, 37

Pearson, Prof. Karl, 283, 294; correlations, 304; ancestral law, 309, 320

Peas, sweet, experiments, 300

Pedigree stock, photographs of, 217

Pelly, Sir Lewis, 10, 193

Per-Centiles, 267

Petherick, Mr., 94, 298

Petrels, 114

Petrie, Prof., 97

Phenician inscription (alleged), 208

Photographs, analytical, 263; composite, 261

Photographic lenses, 228

Pilgrimages, 90

Pills, 29

Pitch, scalded legs, 36

Pitt, his voice, 39

Pollock, Sir Frederick, 167

Portuguese, 128, 143

Prizes, first and second, 282

Problem (earth’s diameter), 62

Proteus, the, 56

Provisions, walking tour, 159

Puck (comic newspaper), 68

Pump near Jaffa, 105

Punch, 68, 277

Pyrenees, 189

Quantification of the Predicate, 174

Quarantine, at Syra, 53; Ancona, 54; Trieste (with Spoglio), 55; Beyrout, 102; Marseilles, 108

Quassia, 27

Quetelet, Prof., 304

Quincey, De, 62

Rabbi, Chief, of Dantzig, 272

Rabbits, experiments on, 297

RACE IMPROVEMENT, 310

Rae, Dr., 161

Raffles, Sir Stamford, 173

Ramsgate, 302

Rath, Rev. —, 134

Rawson, Sir Rawson, 214

Reaction time, 248

Reader, the, 168

Red Lion Club, 216

Regression, 301, 318

Resemblances, measurement of, 250

Reynolds, Miss, 308

Roberts, Mr., 214

Robertson, Prof. Croom, 267

Robertson, Rev. —, 173

Romanes, J., 278

Ronalds, Sir F., 229

Ronaldshay, N., 114

Rougemont, Mr., 207

Royal Society, 219, 221

Royat, 154

Rugby boys, 69

Sabine, General Sir Edward, 224

St. Helena, 148

St. Simonians, 87

Sand Fontein, 132

Sandow, adjudging prizes, 279

Sanity, tableland of, 38

Saut de Loup, 192

Scawfell, 61

Schepmansdorf, 132

Schimmelpenninck, Mrs., 9

Scott, Robert, 240

Seals, 112

Semney, temple at, 96

Sextant, 125, 226

Shaw, W. N., 234

Shells, smoke of, 236

Shendy (massacre), 91, 95

Sheppard, W. F., 283

Shetlands, 112, 118

SHORT TOUR TO THE EAST, 48

Sierra Nevada, 52

Simon, Sir John, 41, 294

Sin, original, 316

Sinai, peninsula of, 184

Singapore, 174

Slave hunting, 90

Sleeping-bag, 189

Smee, Dr., 40, 41, 42

Smell, sense of, used in arithmetic, 283

Smith, Gen. Sir Harry, 126

Smith, Prof. Henry, 240

Snowdon, 61

SOCIAL LIFE (medallions), 169

Sociological papers (eugenics), 321

SOUTH-WEST AFRICA, 121

Spectacles under water, 186

Speke, Captain, 199; death, 202; memorial, 203

Spencer, Herbert, 167, 178, 257, 292

Spoglio (in quarantine), 55

Sports or mutations, 313

Spottiswoode, Wm., 72, 183, 210, 232, 250, 304

Spurgeon, Rev. —, 285

Stanley, Dean, 69

—— 15th Earl Derby, 76

—— Sir Henry M., 205, 207

Statistical instinct, 4

—— units, 298

Statistician and statesman, 312

Statistics, medical, 44

Stereoscopic maps, 264

Stewardson, 132

Stewart and Balfour, 229

Strachey, General Sir Richard, 212, 241

Stratheden, Lord (see Campbell)

Strickland, 63

Suffocation, 185

Swakop R., 129

Swartboy, 135, 145

Swedes, 124

Sylvester, Prof., 71

Symonds, J. Addington, 181

Symplegades, 51

Syra, Island, 53

SYRIA, 101

Tanganyika, 199

Target for riflemen, 166

Tarn R., 194

Taylor, Tom, 68

Telotype, 120

Thermometer, 227

Tiberias, Lake of, 106

Time, sense of, 277

Toad, pet, 114

Tounobis, 41, 131, 185

Tracings of self-recording instruments, 234, 236

Transfusion of blood, 297

Trepanning, 31

Trinity College, 58, 81

Twins, 294

Tyndall, Prof., 172, 191, 254

Union Society, 75

University of London and Eugenics, 320

Vacation Tourists, 186

Victoria Nyanza, 199

Vienna, 25, 50

Vignolles, Mr., 187

Visions of sane persons, 273

Vivisecting, natural, 32

Vox populi, 280

Vries, de, 253

Wagons, 139, 142

Walfish Bay, 127, 132

Walrond, F., 69

Water, digging for, 138

Water snakes (Danube), 51

Watson, Rev. H. W., 305

Weather charts, 231

Webb, Mr., 170, 206

Weldon, Prof., 320

Whales (Shetland), 112

Wharton, Admiral Sir Wm., 165

Wheatstone, Sir C., 40

Whewell, Dr., 60, 69

Whipple, Mr., 229

Whistles for high notes, 247

White Nile, 94

Wilberforce, Bishop, 171

Wind roses, 238

Wordsworth, Christopher, and his three sons, 58

Young (1st Trinity), 76

Zanzibar, 171, 198, 200

Zealander, New, 36

Printed by MORRISON & GIBB LIMITED, Edinburgh

A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY METHUEN AND COMPANY: LONDON 36 ESSEX STREET W.C.

CONTENTS

PAGE

General Literature, 2-22

Ancient Cities, 22

Antiquary’s Books, 22

Arden Shakespeare, 23

Beginner’s Books, 23

Business Books, 23

Byzantine Texts, 24

Churchman’s Bible, 24

Churchman’s Library, 24

Classical Translations, 24

Classics of Art, 24

Commercial Series, 25

Connoisseur’s Library, 25

Illustrated Pocket Library of Plain and Coloured Books, 25

Junior Examination Series, 26

Junior School-Books, 27

Leaders of Religion, 27

Library of Devotion, 27

Little Books on Art, 28

Little Galleries, 28

Little Guides, 28

Little Library, 29

Little Quarto Shakespeare, 30

Miniature Library, 30

Oxford Biographies, 30

School Examination Series, 31

School Histories, 31

Simplified French Texts, 31

Standard Library, 31

Textbooks of Science, 32

Textbooks of Technology, 32

Handbooks of Theology, 32

Westminster Commentaries, 32

Fiction, 33-39

Books for Boys and Girls, 39

Novels of Alexandre Dumas, 39

Methuen’s Sixpenny Books, 39

SEPTEMBER 1908

A CATALOGUE OF MESSRS. METHUEN’S PUBLICATIONS

In this Catalogue the order is according to authors. An asterisk denotes that the book is in the press.

Colonial Editions are published of all Messrs. METHUEN’S Novels issued at a price above 2s. 6d., and similar editions are published of some works of General Literature. These are marked in the Catalogue. Colonial editions are only for circulation in the British Colonies and India.

All books marked net are not subject to discount, and cannot be bought at less than the published price. Books not marked net are subject to the discount which the bookseller allows.

Messrs. METHUEN’S books are kept in stock by all good booksellers. If there is any difficulty in seeing copies, Messrs. Methuen will be very glad to have early information, and specimen copies of any books will be sent on receipt of the published price plus postage for net books, and of the published price for ordinary books.

I.P.L. represents Illustrated Pocket Library.