Part 112

Letter from General Washington to the Writer of these Memoirs.

Mount Vernon, Sep. 7th. 1788.

Sir,

At the same time I announce to you the receipt of your obliging letter of the 28th of last month, which covered an ingenious essay on Heraldry, I have to acknowledge my obligations for the sentiments your partiality has been indulgent enough to form of me, and my thanks for the terms in which your urbanity has been pleased to express them.

Imperfectly acquainted with the subject, as I profess myself to be; and persuaded of your skill, as I am; it is far from my design to intimate an opinion, that Heraldry, Coat-Armour, &c, might not be rendered conducive to public and private uses, with us,—or, that they can have any tendency unfriendly to the purest spirit of Republicanism: on the contrary, a different conclusion is deducible from the practice of Congress and the States; all of which have established some kind of Armorial Devices, to authenticate their official instruments. But, sir, you must be sensible, that political sentiments are very various among the people in the several states; and that a formidable opposition to what appears to be the prevailing sense of the Union, is but just declining into peaceable acquiescence. While, therefore, the minds of a certain portion of the community (possibly from turbulent or sinister views) are, or affect to be, haunted with the very spectre of innovation;—while they are indefatigably striving to make the credulity of the less-informed part of the citizens subservient to their schemes, in believing that the proposed General Government is pregnant with the seeds of Discrimination, Oligarchy and Despotism;—while they are clamourously endeavouring to propagate an idea, that those whom they wish, invidiously, to designate by the name of the “well-born,” are meditating in the first instance to distinguish themselves from their compatriots, and to wrest the dearest privileges from the bulk of the people; and while the apprehensions of some, who have demonstrated themselves the sincere, but too jealous, friends of Liberty, are feelingly alive to the effects of the actual Revolution and too much inclined to coincide with the prejudices above described,—it might not perhaps be advisable to stir any question that would tend to reanimate the dying embers of faction, or blow the dormant spark of jealousy into an inextinguishable flame. I need not say, that the deplorable consequences would be the same, allowing there should be no real foundation for jealousy: (in the judgment of sober reason,) as if there were demonstrable, even palpable, causes for it.

I make these observations with the greater freedom, because I have once been a witness to what I conceived to have been a most unreasonable prejudice, against an innocent institution: I mean, the Society of the Cincinnati. I was conscious that my own proceedings on that subject were immaculate. I was also convinced, that the members,—actuated by motives of sensibility, charity and patriotism,—were doing a laudable thing, in erecting that memorial of their common services, sufferings and friendships;—and I had not the most remote suspicion, that our conduct therein would have been unprofitable, or unpleasing to our countrymen. Yet have we been virulently traduced, as to our designs: and I have not even escaped being represented as short-sighted, in not foreseeing the consequences,—or wanting in patriotism, for not discouraging an establishment, calculated to create distinctions in society and subvert the principles of a republican government. Indeed, the phantom seems now to be pretty well laid; except on certain occasions,—when it is conjured up, by designing men, to work their own purposes upon terrified immaginations:—You will recollect there have not been wanting, in the late political discussions, those who were hardy enough to assert, that the proposed General Government was the wicked and traitorous fabrication of the Cincinnati!

At this moment of general agitation and earnest solicitude, I should not be surprised to hear a violent outcry raised, by those who are hostile to the New Constitution, that the proposition contained in your paper had verified their suspicions, and proved the design of establishing unjustifiable discriminations. Did I believe that to be the case, I should not hesitate to give it my hearty disapprobation. But I proceed on other grounds:—Although I make not the clamour of credulous, disappointed, or unreasonable men, the criterion of Truth; yet, I think, their clamour might have an ungracious influence at the present critical juncture: and, in my judgment, some respect should not only be paid to prevalent opinions,—but even some sacrifices might innocently be made to well meant prejudices, in a popular government. Nor could we hope the evil impression would be sufficiently removed, should your Account, and Illustrations, be found adequate to produce conviction on candid and unprejudiced minds.

For myself, I can readily acquit you of having any design of facilitating the setting up an “Order of Nobility:”—I do not doubt the rectitude of your intentions. But, under the existing circumstances, I would willingly decline the honour you have intended me, by your polite INSCRIPTION; if there should be any danger of giving serious pretext (however ill-founded in reality) for producing or confirming jealousy and dissention, in a single instance; when harmony and accommodation are most essentially requisite to our public prosperity,—perhaps, to our national existence.

My remarks, you will please to observe, go only to the expediency, not to the merits of the proposition: what may be necessary and proper hereafter, I hold myself incompetent to decide; as I am but a private citizen. You may, however, rest satisfied, that your composition is calculated to give favourable impressions of the science, candour and ingenuity, with which you have handled the subject; and that, in all personal considerations, I remain with great esteem, Sir, your most obedient and most humble servant,

G^O. WASHINGTON.

WM. BARTON, Esq.

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Dr. Benjamin Rush.

The foregoing Memoirs were entirely completed and prepared for the press, before the decease of this Professor occurred; as is mentioned in the preface.

Benjamin Rush was born in the county of Philadelphia, on the twenty-fourth day of December, 1745, O.S. Having graduated in the Arts at Princeton College, in the autumn of the year 1760, and afterwards studied medicine under the direction of the late John Redman, M. D. of Philadelphia, he completed his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; where he received the degree of Doctor in Medicine, in the spring of 1768. Returning to Philadelphia in the summer of 1769, he was, on the 31st of July, in that year, appointed Professor of Chemistry, in the College of Philadelphia; that chair having been supplied for some time before, by the late John Morgan, M. D. F. R. S. &c. About twenty years after this appointment (viz. in 1789), he succeeded Dr. Morgan in the Professorship of the Theory and Practice of Physic, in the same College: and in the year 1791, on the union of that College with the University of Pennsylvania, he was chosen Professor of the Institutes and Practice of Physick, &c. in the conjoint institution.

At divers times, and on various occasions, his talents were employed in affairs of political concern. Besides having held, at different periods, several other public stations, he was appointed a member of Congress for Pennsylvania, on the 20th of July, 1776: when he, together with some of his colleagues, appointed at the same time, subscribed the Declaration of American Independence; which great national act had received the sanction of congress, and been generally signed by the members, sixteen days before.

He died of a typhus fever, in Philadelphia, on the 19th day of April, 1813; being then advanced a few months beyond the sixty-seventh year of his age.

At the time of his decease, Dr. Rush was Professor of the Institutes of Medicine, of the Theory and Practice of Physic, and of Clinical Medicine, in the University of Pennsylvania: to which chair, vacated by his death, Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton, Professor of Materia Medica, Natural History and Botany, in the same institution, was elected in the month of July, 1813.

FINIS.

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Transcriber’s Note

In the main sections of the text there are many numbered textual notes, many quite lengthy, which the writer chose to keep as close as possible to their references in the text. In the printed book, this resulted in many pages containing only two lines of the main text. The writer acknowledges this in the Preface, but points out the need to keep the notes as close to their references as possible. Many of these notes have footnotes of their own, denoted with the traditional *, †, ‡ symbols.

Notes in the Introduction and Appendix also employ those traditional symbols, which have been resequenced for the sake of uniqueness. The three notes in the Introduction become I1, I2, I3, and those in the Appendix become A1, A2, A3, ... An. If a note is itself footnoted, that note is indicated as ‘Ana’, etc.

The main text employs 386 numeric notes which started with ‘1’ for each section. These have been resequenced across the entire text, again for the sake of uniqueness. Many notes had footnotes of their own, denoted with those traditional symbols. These have have been resequenced as ‘na’, ‘nb’, ‘nc’, etc., where ‘n’ is the note number. Those notes are placed following the note.

Any internal references to the notes, of course, were modified to employ the new sequence.

In this version, footnotes have been moved to follow the paragraphs in which they are referenced.

Given the publication date (1813), spelling remained somewhat fluid. So, especially in quoted text, the text mostly remains as printed unless it is very obviously a typo (e.g. ‘celebratrd’, or ‘inhahitants’), or where there is a great preponderance of another variant of a word elsewhere. There were two instances of a missing ‘of’ which may have been in error.

131.31 The making good mathematical instruments Sic 145.11 on the fourth day July, 1760. Sic