Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence

Part 1

Produced by Suzanne Shell, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

MASTERPIECES OF NEGRO ELOQUENCE

THE BEST SPEECHES DELIVERED BY THE NEGRO FROM THE DAYS OF SLAVERY TO THE PRESENT TIME

EDITED BY

ALICE MOORE DUNBAR

Copyright, 1914, by ROBERT JOHN NELSON

Printed in the United States of America

TO THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF THE NEGRO RACE, THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED, WITH THE HOPE THAT IT MAY HELP INSPIRE THEM WITH A BELIEF IN THEIR OWN POSSIBILITIES

PREFACE

It seems eminently fitting and proper in this year, the fiftieth anniversary of the Proclamation of Emancipation that the Negro should give pause and look around him at the things which he has done, those which he might have done, and those which he intends to do. We pause, just at the beginning of another half century, taking stock of past achievements, present conditions, future possibilities.

In considering the literary work of the Negro, his pre-eminence in the field of oratory is striking. Since the early nineteenth century until the present time, he is found giving eloquent voice to the story of his wrongs and his proscriptions. Crude though the earlier efforts may be, there is a certain grim eloquence in them that is touching, there must be, because of the intensity of feeling behind the words.

Therefore, it seems appropriate in putting forth a volume commemorating the birth of the Negro into manhood, to collect some few of the speeches he made to help win his manhood, his place in the economy of the nation, his right to stand with his face to the sun. The present volume does not aim to be a complete collection of Negro Eloquence; it does not even aim to present the best that the Negro has done on the platform, it merely aims to present to the public some few of the best speeches made within the past hundred years. Much of the best is lost; much of it is hidden away in forgotten places. We have not always appreciated our own work sufficiently to preserve it, and thus much valuable material is wasted. Sometimes it has been difficult to obtain good speeches from those who are living because of their innate modesty, either in not desiring to appear in print, or in having thought so little of their efforts as to have lost them.

The Editor is conscious that many names not in the table of contents will suggest themselves to the most casual reader, but the omissions are not intentional nor yet of ignorance always, but due to the difficulty of procuring the matter in time for the publication of the volume before the golden year shall have closed.

In collecting and arranging the matter, for the volume, I am deeply indebted first to the living contributors who were so gracious and generous in their responses to the request for their help, and to the relatives of those who have passed into silence, for the loan of valuable books and manuscripts. I cannot adequately express my gratitude to Mr. John E. Bruce and Mr. Arthur A. Schomburg, President and Secretary of the Negro Society for Historical Research, for advice, suggestion, and best of all, for help in lending priceless books and manuscripts and for aid in copying therefrom.

Again, we repeat, this volume is not a complete anthology; not the final word in Negro eloquence of to-day, nor yet a collection of all the best; it is merely a suggestion, a guide-post, pointing the way to a fuller work, a slight memorial of the birth-year of the race.

THE EDITOR.

October, 1913.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

PRINCE SAUNDERS The People of Hayti and a Plan of Emigration 13

JAMES MCCUNE SMITH Toussaint L'Ouverture and the Haytian Revolution 19

HILARY TEAGUE Liberia: Its Struggles and Its Promises 33

FREDERICK DOUGLASS What to the Slave is the Fourth of July 41 On the Unveiling of the Lincoln Monument 133

CHARLES H. LANGSTON Should Colored Men be Subject to the Pains and Penalties of the Fugitive Slave Law? 49

RICHARD T. GREENER Young Men to the Front 63

ROBERT BROWNE ELLIOT The Civil Rights Bill 67

JOHN R. LYNCH Civil Rights and Social Equality 89

ALEXANDER DUMAS, FILS On the Occasion of Taking His Seat in the French Academy 95

Part 2

JOHN M. LANGSTON Centennial Anniversary of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society 97

FRANCES ELLEN WATKINS HARPER Centennial Anniversary of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society 101

HENRY HIGHLAND GARNET A Memorial Discourse 107

GEORGE L. RUFFIN Crispus Attucks 125

P. B. S. PINCHBACK Address During Presidential Campaign of 1880 151

ALEXANDER CRUMMELL The Black Woman of the South 159

JOSEPHINE ST. PIERRE RUFFIN An Open Letter to the Educational League of Georgia 173

JAMES MADISON VANCE In the Wake of the Coming Ages 177

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON At the Opening of the Cotton States and International Exposition, Atlanta 181 Robert Gould Shaw 205

CHRISTIAN A. FLEETWOOD The Negro as a Soldier 187

CHARLES W. ANDERSON The Limitless Possibilities of the Negro Race 211

WILLIAM SANDERS SCARBOROUGH The Party of Freedom and the Freedmen 219

NATHAN F. MOSSELL The Teaching of History 227

GEORGE H. WHITE A Defense of the Negro Race 233

LEVI J. COPPIN The Negro's Part in the Redemption of Africa 243

FANNY JACKSON COPPIN A Plea for Industrial Opportunity 251

WILLIAM J. GAINES An Appeal to Our Brother in White 257

EDWARD WILMOT BLYDEN The Political Outlook for Africa 263

W. JUSTIN CARTER The Duty and Responsibility of the Anglo-Saxon 265

THEOPHILUS G. STEWARD The Army as a Trained Force 277

D. WEBSTER DAVIS The Sunday-School and Church as a Solution of the Negro Problem 291

REVERDY C. RANSOM William Lloyd Garrison 305

JAMES L. CURTIS Abraham Lincoln 321

ABRAHAM WALTERS Abraham Lincoln and Fifty Years of Freedom 337

ARCHIBALD H. GRIMKE On the Presentation of a Loving Cup to Senator Foraker 337

FRANCIS H. GRIMKE Equality of Rights for All Citizens 347

JAMES E. SHAPARD Is the Game Worth the Candle? 357

ROBERT RUSSA MOTON Some Elements Necessary to Race Development 367

Part 3

GEORGE WILLIAM COOK The Two Seals 379

J. MILTON WALDRON A Solution of the Race Problem 389

J. FRANCIS GREGORY The Social Bearings of the Fifth Commandment 397

WILLIAM C. JASON Life's Morn 403

WILLIAM H. LEWIS Abraham Lincoln 409

ALICE M. DUNBAR David Livingstone 425

KELLY MILLER Education for Manhood 445

ROBERT T. JONES On Making a Life 455

ERNEST LYON Emancipation and Racial Advancement 461

JOHN C. DANCY The Future of the Negro Church 475

W. ASHBIE HAWKINS The Negro Lawyer 483

W. E. B. DUBOIS The Training of Negroes for Social Reform 491

THE PEOPLE OF HAYTI AND A PLAN OF EMIGRATION

BY PRINCE SAUNDERS

Respected Gentlemen and Friends:

At a period so momentous as the present, when the friends of abolition and emancipation, as well as those whom observation and experience might teach us to beware to whom we should apply the endearing appellations, are professedly concerned for the establishment of an Asylum for those Free Persons of Color, who may be disposed to remove to it, and for such persons as shall hereafter be emancipated from slavery, a careful examination of this subject is imposed upon us.

So large a number of abolitionists, convened from different sections of the country, is at all times and under any circumstances, an interesting spectacle to the eye of the philanthropist, how doubly delightful then is it, to me, whose interests and feelings so largely partake in the object you have in view, to behold this convention engaged in solemn deliberation upon those subjects employed to promote the improvement of the condition of the African race.

* * * * *

Assembled as this convention is, for the promotion and extension of its beneficent and humane views and principles, I would respectfully beg leave to lay before it a few remarks upon the character, condition, and wants of the afflicted and divided people of Hayti, as they, and that island, may be connected with plans for the emigration of the free people of color of the United States.

God in the mysterious operation of his providence has seen fit to permit the most astonishing changes to transpire upon that naturally beautiful and (as to soil and productions) astonishingly luxuriant island.

The abominable principles, both of action and belief, which pervaded France during the long series of vicissitudes which until recently she has experienced, extended to Hayti, or Santo Domingo have undoubtedly had an extensive influence upon the character, sentiments, and feelings of all descriptions of its present inhabitants.

This magnificent and extensive island which has by travellers and historians been often denominated the "paradise of the New World," seems from its situation, extent, climate, and fertility peculiarly suited to become an object of interest and attention to the many distinguished and enlightened philanthropists whom God has been graciously pleased to inspire with a zeal for the promotion of the best interests of the descendants of Africa. The recent proceedings in several of the slave States toward the free population of color in those States seem to render it highly probable that that oppressed class of the community will soon be obliged to flee to the free States for protection. If the two rival Governments of Hayti were consolidated into one well-balanced pacific power, there are many hundred of the free people in the New England and Middle States who would be glad to repair there immediately to settle, and believing that the period has arrived, when many zealous friends to abolition and emancipation are of opinion that it is time for them to act in relation to an asylum for such persons as shall be emancipated from slavery, or for such portion of the free colored population at present existing in the United States, as shall feel disposed to emigrate, and being aware that the authorities of Hayti are themselves desirous of receiving emigrants from this country, are among the considerations which have induced me to lay this subject before the convention.

Continue reading Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence free in the Wunder reader →