Part 16

Appendix

Mammals of Glacier National Park

Distribution information was obtained from Meet the Mammals of Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, by Robert C. Gildart (see Reading List). Nomenclature follows, for the most part, a Field Guide to Mammals, by William H. Burt and Richard P. Grossenheider.

Key to symbols: E—occurs east of Continental Divide (spruce-fir forest; aspen; bunchgrass meadows) W—occurs west of Continental Divide (redcedar-hemlock-lodgepole-fir-larch forest; some meadows) A—occurs in alpine areas (above upper edge of continuous forest) R—rare in Glacier National Park

Shrews Masked shrew, Sorex cinereus E, W, coniferous forests, meadows, pond and stream edges Vagrant shrew, Sorex vagrans E, W, A, moist forests and grasslands, marsh and stream edges Northern water shrew, Sorex palustris E, W, stream edges

Bats Little brown myotis, Myotis lucifugus E, W, coniferous forests, often around buildings, caves; nocturnal Long-eared myotis, Myotis evotis E, W, A, R, coniferous forests, meadows; nocturnal Long-legged myotis, Myotis volans E, W, A, coniferous forests, meadows; nocturnal Big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus E, W, coniferous forests; often around buildings, caves; nocturnal Silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans E, W, coniferous forests; meadows; nocturnal Hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus E, W, coniferous forests; mostly nocturnal

Cats Bobcat, Lynx rufus E, open forests, brushy areas Lynx, Lynx canadensis E, W, coniferous forests Cougar, Felis concolor E, W, coniferous forests

Raccoon, bears Raccoon, Procyon lotor E, W, R, open forests, stream bottoms Black bear, Ursus americanus E, W, A, forests, slide areas, alpine meadows Grizzly, Ursus arctos E, W, A, forests, slide areas, alpine meadows

Canines Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes E, grasslands, open forest Coyote, Canis latrans E, W, A, forests, grasslands Gray wolf, Canis lupus E, W, R, coniferous forests

Mustelids Striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis E, W, open forests, grasslands Badger, Taxidea taxus E, W, grasslands River otter, Lutra canadensis E, W, R, rivers, lakes Wolverine, Gulo gulo E, W, A, coniferous forests, alpine meadows Least weasel, Mustela rixosa E, R, open forests, grasslands Shorttail weasel, Mustela erminea E, W, A, coniferous forests, meadows Longtail weasel, Mustela frenata E, W, A, open forests, meadows Mink, Mustela vison E, W, creek and lake edges Marten, Martes americana E, W, A, coniferous forests Fisher, Martes pennanti E, W, R, coniferous forests

Lagomorphs Pika, Ochotona princeps E, W, A, rockslides Snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus E, W, coniferous forests Whitetail jackrabbit, Lepus townsendii E, W, R, grasslands

Squirrels Hoary marmot, Marmota caligata E, W, A, rocky areas, alpine meadows Richardson ground squirrel, Spermophilus richardsonii E, R, grasslands Columbian ground squirrel, Citellus columbianus E, W, A, open woodlands, grasslands, alpine meadows Thirteen-lined ground squirrel, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus E, R, grasslands Golden-mantled squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis E, W, A, high, open forests; rocky areas Least chipmunk, Eutamias minimus E, W, A, high, open forests; brushy, rocky areas; alpine meadows Yellow pine chipmunk, Eutamias amoenus E, W, open forests; brushy, rocky areas Redtail chipmunk, Eutamias ruficaudus E, W, open forests; brushy, rocky areas Red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus E, W, coniferous forests Northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus E, W, coniferous forests; nocturnal

Pocket gophers Northern pocket gopher, Thomomys talpoides E, W, A, meadows

Beaver Beaver, Castor canadensis E, W, streams, lakes

Voles and kin Deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus E, W, A, forests, grasslands, alpine meadows Bushytail woodrat, Neotoma cinerea E, W, A, rocky areas, old buildings Northern bog lemming, Synaptomys borealis W, R, coniferous forests Mountain phenacomys, Phenacomys intermedius E, W, A, coniferous forests, alpine meadows Boreal redback vole, Clethrionomys gapperi E, W, coniferous forests Meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus E, W, open forests, meadows; along streams; marshy areas Longtail vole, Microtus longicaudus E, W, coniferous forests, grasslands Water vole, Arvicola richardsoni E, W, A, high-elevation stream and lake edges Muskrat, Ondatra zibethica W, streams, lakes, marshy areas Western jumping mouse, Zapus princeps E, W, A, grasslands, alpine meadows

Deer Wapiti (American elk), Cervus canadensis E, W, A, open forests, meadows Mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus E, W, A, open forests, meadows, often at high elevations Whitetail deer, Odocoileus virginianus E, W, coniferous forests, meadows, creek and river bottoms Moose, Alces alces E, W, coniferous forests, lakes, slow streams, marshy areas

Bovids Mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus E, W, A, high peaks and meadows Bighorn, Ovis canadensis E, A, open mountainous areas

Reptiles and Amphibians of Glacier National Park

Note: This check list is based upon actual specimens in the Park and other collections, according to Dr. Royal Brunson, Montana State University.

Reptiles Great Basin Garter Snake, Thamnophis elegans vagrans A large garter snake of mountainous areas, usually with large spots.

Great Plains Red-sided Garter Snake, Thamnophis ordinoides parietalis Dorsal stripes varying from yellow to blue or black. Usually found near water.

Hypothetical List: Rubber Boa, Charina bottae utahensis May occur in rock slides or, possibly, in forested areas, on either side of the Divide.

Gopher Snake, Pituophis catenifer sayi May occur along eastern boundary (Great Plains).

Yellow-bellied Blue Racer, Coluber constrictor mormon May occur on eastern boundary of Park along border of Great Plains.

Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta May occur in ponds and sluggish waters from Upper Sonoran Zone to Canadian Zone.

Western Skink, Eumeces skiltonianus May occur in Transition Zone along western border of Park.

Northern Alligator Lizard, Gerrhonotus coeruleus principis May occur in Transition Zone along western border of Park.

Amphibians Tiger Salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum melanostrictum Ground color either black or bluish-black, with large spots or blotches of yellow.