Section I, Township 7 North, Range 37 East. He Has Since Improved the

property with fine buildings, making it one of the attractive features of the landscape. In addition to the comfortable and commodious residence there are also barns and outbuildings for the shelter of grain and stock and the latest improved machinery facilitates the work of the fields. He has here six hundred and forty acres under cultivation and he makes a specialty of the growing of wheat and of stock raising, in both of which branches of business he is meeting with excellent success. He studies carefully the question of crop rotation and the productiveness of the soil and he employs the most scientific methods of carrying on his farm work-methods which are after all the practical elements of desired results.

In 1884 Mr. Eldridge was united in marriage to Miss Etta Barnes, who was born in Walla Walla county and is a daughter of William T. and Sarah A. (Blaine) Barnes, natives of Kentucky and of Indiana respectively. The family removed to Oregon in 1852 and settled on a ranch there, upon which the parents resided until 1864, when they came to Walla Walla county, here spending their remaining days. In their family were thirteen children, including one pair of twins, and of this number six are yet living. To Mr. and Mrs. Eldridge have been born five children: William W., who is now located on a ranch in Alberta, Canada; Taylor B., who is a merchant of Dixie, where he is also filling the position of postmaster; Earl V., at home; Geneva M., the wife of J. G. Brunton; and Bonnie G., the wife of Burt O'Neal. Her death occurred November 25, 1915.

The parents hold membership in the Christian church and guide their lives according to its teachings. Mr. Eldridge gives his political support to the republican party and in 1909 was elected on that ticket to the state legislature. He proved an earnest working member of the general assembly and gave thoughtful and earnest consideration to the vital questions which came up for settlement. He has also filled the office of county commissioner for four years and he has done effective service in behalf of the interests of the schools as a member of the school board. In a word, he stands for progress and improvement at all times and lends his support to those interests and activities which are matters of civic virtue and of civic pride. Fraternally he is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and has filled all of the chairs in the local lodge to which he belongs. He has also filled all of the offices in Mountain Gem Lodge, No. 136, K. P., of which he is a charter member. His life has been well spent and his many sterling traits of character have gained for him the warm regard and confidence of all who know him. Whatever he undertakes he does with thoroughness and energy and because of his genuine worth and public-spirited citizenship his fellow townsmen have honored him with high office.

RALPH E. GUICHARD.

Ralph E. Guichard, deceased, was born in Walla Walla on the 6th of January,. 1869, being a son of Judge Rudolph Guichard, who in a military capacity was sent to Walla Walla when there was nothing here but a fort. The father was a man of high intellectual attainments and of unswerving integrity. He was born at Zeitz, Prussia, December 8, 1830, and in 1854 came to the United States. For a year he resided in Rhode Island and in Massachusetts, after which he went to West Virginia and subsequently to Newport, Kentucky, where he enlisted in the United States army. On the 10th of August, 1857, he was sent to Fort Walla Walla and on retiring from the army he embarked in merchandising in this city, successfully conducting business here until 1871. He afterward took up the study of law and in 1884 was admitted to the bar. He held many public offices, including that of probate judge, was also register of the land office, was county treasurer and penitentiary commissioner. His public duties were discharged with marked fidelity and ability, so that over the record of his official career there falls no shadow of wrong or suspicion of evil. In politics he was a democrat, recognized as one of the leaders of his party. He was also a prominent Mason, loyal to the teachings and purposes of the craft. On the 14th of October, 1866, Judge Guichard was married to Miss Mary Morrison and to them were born three children: Ralph E., Albert and Mary. The father passed away on the 3d of April, 1898.

Ralph E. Guichard spent his entire life in Walla Walla. He pursued his education in the Catholic Academy and at the age of fifteen years he entered the drug store of Charles A. Hungate in the capacity of clerk, there remaining for seven years, during which time he thoroughly mastered pharmacy and became a registered pharmacist. He subsequently spent three years in the same store under J. W. Esteb and for one year was in the employ of James McAuliffe. He then became a partner in the business, under the firm style of Guichard & McAuliffe. After a few months, however, the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Guichard entered the employ of the Whitehouse Clothing Company and later became part owner of the business. In 1900 the entire business passed into his hands. His sagacity, his industry, his caution and his capable management, together with his close application, won for him substantial success and an honored place among the commercial leaders of this section. The Whitehouse Clothing Company or the R. E. Guichard Clothing Company, Inc., developed an excellent trade and has become one of the leading clothing houses of the city.

On December 30, 1903, Mr. Guichard was united in marriage to Miss Margaret A. Wooden, of New York, who taught for several years in the city schools of Walla Walla. They had a family of three children: Harold E., Dorothy-Mae, and Robert A.

Mr. Guichard passed away August 10, 1913, and his death was the occasion of deep and widespread regret. He was a member of the Catholic church, also of the Knights of Columbus and of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He likewise held membership in the Commercial Club. His entire life, with the exception of a few years spent in travel, was passed in Walla Walla, so that he was largely familiar with its history, and events which to many were matters of record were to him familiar from personal knowledge and experience. He ever rejoiced in the upbuilding and progress of his city and cooperated to the extent of his time and ability in all matters that related to the general welfare and improvement.

HON. ELMER E. HALSEY.

Hon. Elmer E. Halsey, of Clarkston, is a lawyer, now following his profession in Washington and at the same time is taking active part in framing the laws of the state as a member of the legislature. He was born in Dover, New Jersey, January 23, 1861, a son of Thomas J. and Sarah E. Halsey, who were also natives of that state. He was reared in New Jersey and acquired his early education in the schools of Dover and Hackettstown. In 1878 he went to Missouri and worked on a farm. In 1883 he attended the St. Louis Law School in the same state. In 1885 and 1886 he was a law student in the State University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and was admitted to the bar in the spring of the latter year. In 1890 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Baraga county, Michigan, and was reelected in 1892 and 1894, having been elected to that office for three consecutive terms. He was also appointed to the position of receiver of the United States land office at Marquette, Michigan, in 1896 and occupied that position until 1898. In August of the latter year he made his way westward to Washington and took up his abode in Clarkston, opening a law office in that city and also in Lewiston. He has since engaged in the practice of law. In 1902 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Asotin county. He is recognized as a strong, able lawyer, and is considered one of the leaders in the legislature. He is a stalwart supporter of the republican party and in 1909 was elected to represent his district in the state legislature and is still serving at this date in that capacity, having been elected to the office for five consecutive terms, without opposition in his own party four times, and twice without opposition from the democrats.

In 1886 Mr. Halsey was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Thomas, a daughter of John R. Thomas, of L'Anse, Michigan, but a native of Vermont. They have two children: Marion G., who is the wife of Dr. E. D. Sawyer, of Asotin, and Burt C., who is in the United States army in the Fourth Balloon Squadron of the Signal Corps, having enlisted while a student at the University of Washington.

Mr. Halsey is a Mason, having three times served as master of Clarkston Lodge, No. 143, F. & A. M. For fifteen years he served on the Clarkston school board and the cause of education has found in him a stalwart champion. He was largely instrumental in the legislature in promoting the bone-dry law of Washington and succeeded in having the bill passed through the house. His name is connected with much important legislation which has been enacted during his five terms connection with the house of representatives. His course has been characterized by the utmost devotion to the public good and the record of no member of the legislature has extended over a longer connection therewith and none has been more faultless in honor, fearless in conduct or stainless in reputation.

J. J. ROHN.

J. J. Rohn is now living retired in Walla Walla but for a long period was actively identified with farming interests in this section of the state and through close application and unremitting energy won a substantial measure of success. He was born in Baden, Germany, November 22, 1834, and is a son of Nicholas and Kate (Cipf) Rohn, who were also natives of that country, where they spent their entire lives. They had a family of six children, but so far as he knows, J. J. Rohn is the only one now living. He was reared and educated in his native country and was a youth of seventeen when he bade adieu to friends and native land and sailed for America, having determined to try his fortune on this side of the Atlantic. He crossed the water in 1851, making the trip on a sailing vessel, and landed at New York city, where he remained for two years, working at his trade of picture frame gilder, which he had learned in Germany. Subsequently he removed to Baltimore, Maryland, where he resided for one year, and in 1855 he enlisted for active service in the United States army and was sent to New York harbor, where he remained until May of that year. He was then transferred to San Francisco, California, and afterward was sent to Red Bluff, and still later to Fort Lane, Oregon, to which point he walked, making the entire distance on foot. In 1855 the Indian war broke out and that winter he was engaged in fighting the red men, being in the mountains throughout the entire period. He was fortunate in that he escaped all injury, although he experienced many of the hardships incident to such warfare. In 1857 he was sent to Fort Walla Walla, where he was stationed for several years. He went out with the Wright expedition in 1858 and in 1859 he was transferred to Vancouver, where he remained until honorably discharged in 1860.

Mr. Rohn then returned to Walla Walla and took up a homestead on Mill creek, where he has since lived. He still owns a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, which is highly improved. He has added to it all modern accessories and conveniences and was successfully engaged in farming for many years but eventually put aside the active work of the fields to enjoy a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves. He is now eighty-three years of age and is most comfortably situated in life, the years of his former toil bringing to him a competence that supplies him with all necessities and many luxuries.

In 1866 Mr. Rohn was united in marriage to Miss Sarah E. Sanders, who was born in Indiana, a daughter of Joseph Sanders, who came to Walla Walla in 1864. To Mr. and Mrs. Rohn were born four children: Kate, who is the widow of T. J. Bryan; Malina J., who is the wife of Harry Gilkerson; Fred, who owns and operates three hundred and eighty acres of land in Whitman county; and Sarah Belle, deceased. The son is married and has seven children. The wife and mother passed away in 1872 and Mr. Rohn has never married again. He reared his children to man and womanhood alone, doing the part of both mother and father in his care of them.

In politics Mr. Rohn has always been a stalwart democrat, actively interested in the success of his party and doing everything in his power to secure the adoption of its principles. His has been a well spent life fraught with good results and characterized by all those traits which in every land and clime awaken confidence and regard. Industry, and perseverance, guided by keen intelligence, have been the basis of his success and he can look back over the past without regret. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to come to the new world, for he here found the opportunities which he sought and in their utilization has made steady progress.

HON. JAMES M. LAMB.

No history of Walla Walla county would be complete and satisfactory were there failure to make reference to Hon. James M. Lamb, who was familiarly known as Governor Lamb. When death called him in 1898 he had been a resident of this county for almost forty years. He was one of its first pioneers and one of its most progressive citizens. He had established the first blacksmith shop in this section of the state and he was the first to demonstrate the possibility of wheat growing on the hills. In many other ways he contributed to public progress and improvement though the utilization of the resources of this section of the country.

Mr. Lamb was born in Logan county, Kentucky, February 19, 1835, a son of Downing and Elizabeth (Maxwell) Lamb, both of whom were natives of Logan county, Kentucky, where they resided until the '70s, when they came to Washington territory, establishing their home in Columbia county, where they resided until called to their final rest.

James M. Lamb remained a resident of his native state until he reached the age of nineteen years, when he crossed the plains to California with his parents in 1854, the gold fields being the attraction which brought them to the Pacific coast. He learned the blacksmith's trade after reaching California, where he conducted a shop and also engaged in farming. In 1856 he was married there to Miss Jane Pearce, also a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of John and Martha (King) Pearce. She crossed the plains from Atchison county, Missouri, in 1856.

Mr. and Mrs. Lamb began their domestic life in California but in 1859 came to Washington, establishing their home in Walla Walla county, where Mr. Lamb opened the first blacksmith shop in this section of the country, there being no shop between Walla Walla and Dayton at that period. He continued to operate his shop and conduct his farm up to the time of his death. About 1867 he went to a place near McMinnville, Oregon, to help perfect the first combination cutting and threshing machine used in this section of the country, as he was a master mechanic. This machine was first drawn by horses attached both in front and behind. Later he made a number of improvements on the machine, which was afterward sold to Holt & Company for two thousand dollars, and it has subsequently been perfected until today it is the standard machine of the kind used in this locality.

Mr. Lamb homesteaded eighty acres of land on his arrival in Walla Walla county and afterward added to his holdings by purchase from time to time until his farm comprised two hundred and eighty acres. This he brought under a high state of cultivation, carefully and persistently developing his fields, so that annually he gathered abundant harvests. It is said that he was the first man to demonstrate the possibility of growing wheat on the hills. He continually sought to improve his farm, was always ready to take up new methods and his sound judgment demonstrated to him the worth of any new idea that was advanced.

In politics Mr. Lamb was a democrat and one of the active workers of the party. He became a leader in molding public thought and opinion and exerted much influence over the affairs of the community. His aid was always given on the side of improvement and upbuilding. His fellow townsmen, recognizing his ability, called upon him to serve in several public offices. He was elected justice of the peace and filled that position for many years, his decisions being strictly fair and impartial, so that he won golden opinions from all sorts of people. In 1867 he was elected to the territorial legislature, where he served with honor and distinction, carefully aiding in the solution of many intricate and involved problems in connection with shaping the early legislation of the state. He also assisted in surveying Walla Walla county in pioneer times and there were many phases of public improvement with which he was closely identified. In 1885 he removed to Walla Walla, where he made his home until his death, although he passed away in Lodi, California, on the 5th of March, 1898, having gone to that place for the benefit of his health. His widow still survives and resides at the old home in Walla Walla with her son, Daniel W.

To Mr. and Mrs. Lamb were born six children: John D., a resident of Walla Walla; Georgia A., the wife of George Howard, of Berkeley, California; Martha E., who married A. H. Johnson, of Tacoma, Washington; Cora A., the widow of J. L. Cation and a resident of Walla Walla; William T., of this township; and Daniel W. The two sons, William T. and Daniel W. Lamb, conduct the old home farm and are representative agriculturists of this section of the state.

James M. Lamb was a most consistent Christian gentleman and an active worker in the church. He became one of the organizers of the First Christian church, services being held on the 4th of July, 1874, in an old log cabin at Dixie. The charter members were John R. Ware, Margaret Ware, Philip and Clarinda Beal, Elizabeth Neland, J. M. and Jane Lamb, W. T. Barnes, Sarah Barnes, Mr. Barnes becoming deacon and clerk, with J. R. Ware as elder. The life of James M. Lamb was ever guided by the highest and most honorable principles and he left to his family the priceless heritage of an untarnished name. For almost forty years he was a resident of Walla Walla and was one of its most valued citizens and honored pioneers. He contributed much to its early development as well as to its later progress and at all times he enjoyed the confidence and respect of those with whom he was brought in contact. His two sons are members of Mountain Gem Lodge, No. 136, K. P., of Dixie. Both have passed through all of the chairs and are members of the grand lodge and they are also identified with El Kindi Temple, No. 193, of the Knights of Khorassan. In business affairs they are progressive and enterprising, wisely managing their important farming interests, which are bringing to them a substantial annual return.

HON. HENRY PERRY ISAACS.

Hon. Henry Perry Isaacs, deceased, was one of the historic figures who have been dominant factors in the development of southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon. His activities were of such a nature that he might be termed one of the empire builders of this section of the country. He saw the possibilities here and utilized the opportunities offered, his labors at all times contributed to public progress and prosperity as well as to individual success. He thus left his impress for good upon the history of Walla Walla and of the state and his memory is yet revered and honored by all who knew him.

Mr. Isaacs was a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where his birth occurred on the 17th of March, 1822. He came of Scotch-English ancestry and while spending his youthful days in the Keystone state acquired a common school education. He had no other opportunities for educational advancement save those which were self-acquired. He possessed, however, an observing eye and retentive memory and was continually storing his mind with facts that proved a basis for his success in later years. At an early age he entered the employ of one of Philadelphia's foremost mercantile houses and his training there constituted an important element in his later progress along commercial lines. When twenty-one years of age he removed to Indiana with a view of seeing something of the outside world and after reaching that state he engaged in merchandising on his own account. Subsequently he joined the rush for the California gold fields, but was not especially successful in his mining venture. However, he was a man of broad vision and saw wonderful opportunities in the new western country. This land of perpetual sunshine seemed to promise great things for the future and in 1858 he proved his faith in the country by erecting at Fort Colville, Washington, his first flour mill, demonstrating to the farmers of this section that wheat could be raised profitably upon the hills and uplands, which in those early days were given over to stock raising. This was the initial step in the development of his important milling interests. In 1862 he built the North Pacific Mills at Walla Walla and in 1864 he erected the War Eagle Mills at Boise City, Idaho. Wherever opportunity offered he eagerly grasped it and extended his efforts into various fields, his labors at all times proving profitable by reason of the intelligent direction of his efforts. In 1865 the Middleton mills at Middleton, Idaho, were built and in 1883 he still further extended his efforts by the building of the North Pacific Mills at Prescott, known as Mill B. In 1898 he built the North Pacific Mills at Wasco, Oregon. His wide experience in this line made him the foremost miller of the Pacific coast. His operations exceeded in volume and importance those of any other man engaged in the milling business. His knowledge concerning the best methods of manufacturing and handling flour became a matter of general comment and he was recognized as authority upon all matters pertaining to milling in any of its branches. The output of his mills was not only sold extensively in this section of the country but the production above what was needed in Washington and the northwest found a ready market in the orient and much of the product was exported to China. Mr. Isaacs was the first miller on the Pacific coast to adopt the roller system in the manufacture of flour, his first rolls being of porcelain and imported from Switzerland. He at all times kept his business in touch with the most modern processes and introduced the latest improved machinery into his plant.

Outside of milling circles Mr. Isaacs was perhaps best known by reason of his public spirit and his progressiveness. After demonstrating the possibilities of wheat growing and the development of kindred interests arising therefrom he did some pioneering in horticulture, planting in 1864 one of the first orchards in the vicinity of Walla Walla. Not long afterward he planted a vineyard and from this point he experimented successfully with almost every variety of fruit and vegetables grown in the north temperate zone. He was an enthusiast in all that pertained to progress and evolution in plants and tree life and he gave liberally of his time and means to further the cause. He was a leader in public affairs and he represented the county in the territorial council of 1885 and 1886, at which session he introduced the bill establishing the state penitentiary at Walla Walla. He was constantly watchful of opportunities pointing not only to his individual success but to the general development of this part of the country, and he ever looked beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities and opportunities of the future. He was the first to attempt to induce G. W. Hunt to build the Washington & Columbia River Line from Dayton to Wallula and thence to Pendleton. The line was successfully built and operated and the completed project was a monument to his enterprise and farsightedness. He was also president of the Commercial Club at the time and used every effort to secure the early construction of the road. But few men in all Washington became so thoroughly conversant with the state, its varied interests and its possibilities or were so deeply interested in the success of its enterprises as Mr. Isaacs, and but few men have arisen to take so active a part in the development of this section of the country. With his death on the 14th of July, 1900, the state of Washington and in fact the entire Pacific northwest lost one of its most conspicuous figures, most esteemed citizens and most honored men.

CHRISTIAN J. BOWERS.

Christian J. Bowers has gained a gratifying measure of success as a farmer and is still active in that connection although now a resident of Walla Walla. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland, January 7, 1867, a son of George W. and Catherine M. (Brown) Bowers, also natives of that city, where they were reared. They continued to reside there for about ten years after their marriage and then removed successively to Pennsylvania, Illinois, Iowa and Kansas. From the last named state they crossed the plains in 1880 by horse team to Walla Walla, Washington, and located in the Dry creek hills, about seven miles north of Walla Walla. The father took up a homestead and also preempted one hundred and sixty acres of land and resided upon his farm until about 1896, when he disposed of his holdings and removed to Columbia county, where he purchased two hundred and forty acres on Patit creek, four miles from Dayton. He still owns that farm, but since 1905 has been a resident of Walla Walla. To him and his wife were born the following children: Christian J., of this review; Bertha S., who passed away at the age of eighteen years; Mae, who is now the wife of John W. Eby, of Walla Walla county; Charles E., a resident of Walla Walla; and Gertrude, who is the wife of Clarence Wilson, of Topeka, Kansas.

Christian J. Bowers received his early education in the district schools and in the Waitsburg public schools and at the Huntsville Seminary. He was reared to agricultural pursuits and following his marriage in 1888 he began farming on his own account in the Dry creek hills and maintained his residence upon his ranch until 1905, when he removed to Walla Walla. He still directs the operation of his holdings, which include three hundred and twenty acres near Lowden, and also owns about eight hundred acres in Whitman county. The financial independence which is now his is the direct result of his thorough knowledge of farming, his enterprise and his good management, and he justly ranks among the successful men of Walla Walla county.

On the 13th of May, 1888, occurred the marriage of Mr. Bowers and Miss Laura V. Coplen, a native of Washington. Her grandfather, Henry Coplen, removed with his family from Indiana to Colorado and thence in 1864 located in the Willamette valley, near Vancouver, Washington. Six years later, in 1870, he removed to Whitman county, Washington, where he founded the town of Latah. His son, Benjamin, was a scout in the early days and took part in the Indian wars in the northwest. The mastodon skeleton which is now preserved in Field Museum in Chicago was found upon his farm. James W. Coplen, father of Mrs. Bowers and son of Henry Coplen, was married in 1865, in the Willamette valley, to Miss Elizabeth Hoskins, a daughter of Dillon and Rachel (Emery) Hoskins, who had removed to the west with their family from Iowa, crossing the plains with ox teams in 1851 and reaching their destination after six months spent en route. They settled at Scio, in the Willamette valley, where they secured a donation claim of three hundred and twenty acres. The parents both died in Oregon, the father passing away in 1888 and the mother in 1898. Soon after their marriage James W. Coplen and his wife took up a donation claim on the old battleground near Vancouver, Washington, at which place Mrs. Bowers was born, and while there Mr. Coplen became ill and accordingly returned to his old home in the Willamette valley, where his death occurred in 1868. To him and his wife had been born two children: William, a resident of Lewiston, Idaho; and Laura V., who became the wife of Christian J. Bowers. Mrs. Coplen later removed to Walla Walla county, where she met the Rev. William C. Gallaher, and in 1871 they were married. Mr. Gallaher was born in Putnam county, Illinois, in 1835, and died on a farm which he owned near Milton, Oregon, December 22, 1915, his widow passing away upon the farm in February, 1916. They were the parents of two children: Minnie E., now the wife of O. E. Phillips, of Walla Walla; and Ernest U., who resides upon the old home farm near Milton, Oregon. Rev. Gallaher was one of the pioneer ministers of the northwest, coming as a missionary to Oregon. He was one of the earliest settlers of "Old Oregon," having made the long journey across the plains with his parents in 1845, when a boy of ten years. The family settled in Oregon and there he grew to manhood. In 1861 he removed to Walla Walla and helped to organize the first United Brethren church in the state. He remained active in the work of the ministry until he reached an advanced age and was one of the best known divines of the northwest.

To Mr. and Mrs. Bowers have been born four children, namely: Harry C., who is farming the Whitman county farm belonging to his father; George W., who is operating his father's farm in Walla Walla county; Violet B., the wife of Wayne Reid, who is also farming in Whitman county; and Sheldon H., who is at home.

Mr. Bowers gives his support to the candidates and measures of the democratic party and takes a commendable interest in the questions and issues of the day but has never been an office seeker. His wife belongs to the Christian church and aids in its work. She is also a member of the Sunshine Club and the president of the Woman's Educational Club of Walla Walla. He is a man of importance in his community and is also popular personally.

J. W. ROGERS.

J. W. Rogers, who for eight years has been successfully and extensively engaged in the automobile business in Walla Walla, was born in Georgia on the 28th day of February, 1879, a son of James and Ellen (Tatum) Rogers, the former a native of Tennessee, while the latter was born in Georgia. About thirty years ago they removed to Kansas, where they are still living.

J. W. Rogers was reared and educated in the Sunflower state, passing through consecutive grades until he became a high school student. He left the middle west in 1907 to become a resident of the Pacific coast country, making his way to Walla Walla, where for two years he was employed in a wholesale grocery house. Since then he has given his attention to the automobile business and now handles the Stutz and Premier cars. He has developed a business of large and extensive proportions. The Stutz car is the champion of the world today and his sales reach a most gratifying annual figure. He also still owns a garage and other property in Dayton, Washington. His business affairs have been wisely and carefully managed and he is actuated by a spirit of enterprise in all that he does. Alert and energetic, he never fails in carrying out his purpose, for he recognizes that when one avenue of opportunity seems closed, he can carve out other paths that will reach the desired goal.

In 1909 Mr. Rogers was united in marriage to Miss Florence Helm, a native of Walla Walla. They are members of the Baptist church and are prominent in the social circles of the city, the hospitality of many of the best homes of Walla Walla being cordially extended them. Mr. Rogers votes with the democratic party and is a staunch advocate of its principles. He belongs to the Commercial Club and is in hearty sympathy with every plan and measure put forth by that organization for the benefit and upbuilding of the city, the extension of its trade relations, or the upholding of its civic standards. For ten years a resident of Walla Walla, he has made himself an enviable position in its business and social circles, and those who know him speak of him in terms of high regard.

EUGENE F. BOURGEOIS.

Eugene F. Bourgeois, one of the prosperous farmers of Walla Walla county, where he has been actively identified with agricultural pursuits during the past four decades, is now the owner of seven hundred acres of valuable land on section 13, Dixie township. His birth occurred in Paris, France, on the 10th of October, 1847, his parents being Franquell and Felicia Bourgeois, who emigrated to the United States in 1852 and took up their abode in Bond county, Illinois, where they spent the remainder of their lives. They had a family of eleven children, three of whom yet survive.

Eugene F. Bourgeois, a little lad of five years when he crossed the Atlantic in company with his parents, was reared and educated in Illinois and remained in that state until thirty years of age. In 1877 he made his way to the Pacific coast country and took up a homestead in Walla Walla county, Washington, which he has since made his place of residence, erecting fine buildings on his property and otherwise improving the same until it is now very valuable. As the years have passed and his financial resources have increased he has extended the boundaries of his farm by purchase until it now comprises seven hundred acres of land, through the cultivation of which he has won a gratifying annual income.

On the 21st of October, 1888, Mr. Bourgeois was united in marriage to Miss Isabel Lang, a daughter of Israel and Allie Ann (Hambough) Lang, both natives of Warren county, Virginia, from which state they removed to Illinois, locating in Pike county in 1867. There they spent the remainder of their lives. By occupation Mr. Lang was a farmer. To Mr. and Mrs. Bourgeois were born four sons, namely: Charles; Frederick; Henry; and William, who is deceased.

Mr. Bourgeois gives political allegiance to the republican party and has furthered the interests of education as a member of the school board. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Christian church. He has justly won the proud American title of a self-made man, for he came to this state empty-handed and has worked his way upward to a position among the substantial and representative citizens of his county.

JOHN REITH, M. D.

Well equipped by thorough preparatory training, Dr. John Reith entered upon a successful career as a physician and surgeon and is now prominently known as the superintendent of the Walla Walla Sanitarium, the Seventh Day Adventist institution of this city. He was born in Huron county, Ontario, September 10, 1883, a son of John and Jane (Moir) Reith, the former a native of Ontario, while the latter was born in Ireland. The father has devoted his entire life to agricultural pursuits. He removed to British Columbia in 1892 and now resides in Lacombe, Alberta.

Dr. Reith came to Walla Walla, Washington, in 1900. He had attended the schools of British Columbia, where he had accompanied his parents on their removal during his childhood days. He was therefore reared on the western frontier. Becoming imbued with a desire to enter upon a professional career, he became a student in the Walla Walla College, which he attended for six years, and in 1907 he entered the medical department of the University of Oregon at Portland and there won his professional degree as a member of the class of 1911. He afterward served for a year as interne in the Good Samaritan Hospital of that city and while thus engaged gained the broad and valuable experience which can be secured in no other way as rapidly and as accurately as in hospital practice. In March, 1912, he was made superintendent of the Walla Walla Sanitarium, over which he has since presided. He has held to the highest standards in its management and conduct and has made it largely an ideal institution.

On the 14th of August, 1907, Dr. Reith was married to Miss Grace M. Wood, a native daughter of Walla Walla county, her father having been one of the early pioneers of this section of the state. He arrived about 1856, when the Indians were still numerous throughout Washington and when the work of progress and development was scarcely begun. He brought into Walla Walla county the first harvester ever seen here and he was closely associated with many initial movements which have resulted in the upbuilding and benefit of the county. His wife was a singer of considerable note and she was also the first teacher of music in Whitman College; likewise in St. Paul's and in Walla Walla College. She brought into this county the first organ ever within its borders. To Dr. and Mrs. Reith have been born two children, Margaret Isabel and Mabel Elizabeth.

Dr. and Mrs. Reith are members of the Seventh Day Adventist church and guide their lives according to its teachings. The Doctor is a member of the Washington State Medical Society and the American Medical Association and through his connections with those organizations keeps in close touch with the trend of modern scientific thought, research and investigation. He has developed pronounced ability in the line of his profession, is very careful in the diagnosis of his cases and accurate in his judgment. In his hospital work he has developed a splendid institution, one in which the most thorough care is given to patients, and the success which has attended the work secures to it a continued patronage.

MAJOR PAUL H. WEYRAUCH.

Major Paul H. Weyrauch, for many years connected with the United States regular army, a veteran of the Spanish-American war and now major of the Washington Field Artillery in the United States service, is a valued resident of Walla Walla, where his business connection is that of president of the Blalock Fruit & Produce Company. He was born in Barmen, Germany, April 4, 1873, a son of Ernest and Johanna (Piper) Weyrauch. The father died in Germany in 1886 and in 1889 the mother came with her family to the United States, two of her elder sons having preceded her to this country. With her younger children she settled in the state of New York, where she resided to the time of her death, which occurred in January, 1917.

Major Weyrauch was a youth of sixteen years at the time he accompanied his mother to the new world. He was educated in the public schools and in preparatory schools of his native country, and after crossing the Atlantic he worked for his brothers, who were engaged in silk ribbon manufacturing in the Empire state. After spending two years in that way he went to New York city, where for some time, through the financial panic of 1893, he was employed at whatever he could get to do that would yield an honest living. However, he was possessed of a good education and marked enterprise and subsequently secured a position as shipping clerk and bookkeeper in a silk factory at College Point, Long Island. He continued to act in that capacity until 1895, when he entered the service of his adopted country as a member of the regular army. He was first stationed at College Point and while there saw much of the army engineers stationed at Willets Point, about three miles from College Point. He became impressed with this branch of the service, and with the hope of later securing a commission, he joined the service and was assigned to the First Artillery at Davids Island, New York, there remaining for almost two years. He then went with his command to Key West, Florida. While at Davids Island he had endeavored to be transferred to the hospital corps, where there was greater opportunity for advancement, but his commanding officer did not want to let him go and his transfer did not occur until after he had reached Key West. In May, 1897, however, he became a member of the hospital corps and on the night of the blowing up of the Maine, February 15, 1898, he was sent to Havana, Cuba, with Major Paul Clendemin to assist the Maine survivors, being the first enlisted man to be sent to Cuba after the destruction of the battleship. In April, 1898, he was made hospital steward and served as such at Key West Barracks, Florida, at Fort Jefferson on the island of Dry Tortugas, at Washington Barracks in Washington, D. C., at Fort Monroe, Virginia, at Hilton Head, South Carolina, and at Fort Screven on Tybee Island in Georgia, thus continuing until August, 1899, when he was transferred to the Twenty-eighth United States Volunteer Infantry as hospital steward and served with that regiment in San Francisco, California, and in numerous places in the Philippine Islands. He took part in various engagements in the Orient and in February, 1901, he took the examination for a commission, General Pershing, now commanding the American forces in France, being then president of the examining board. Major Weyrauch was commissioned a second lieutenant of cavalry to date from February 2, 1901, and was assigned to duty with the Fourteenth Cavalry Regiment, with which he served at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, and also in the Philippine Islands, while in December, 1905, he came to Fort Walla Walla with his regiment. While in the Philippines he took part in several campaigns against the Moros under General Leonard Wood.

Following his return to the United States, Lieutenant Weyrauch was assigned to duty as quartermaster at Boise Barracks in Boise, Idaho, and later was detailed to the Army School of the line at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He returned to Fort Walla Walla in the fall of 1906 and was retired from active service on the 1st of March, 1907, at which time he again entered civil life.

On the 11th of February, 1907, Major Weyrauch was united in marriage to Miss Edith Moffatt, a daughter of Mrs. Edith G. Moffatt, widow of Lieutenant William P. Moffatt. The father of Mrs. Edith G. Moffatt was the son of the old pioneer, James P. Goodhue, who was among the first, if not the first, settlers of the Walla Walla valley. To Major and Mrs. Weyrauch have been born two children, Paul Russell and Mary Jane.

Soon after his retirement from the army Major Weyrauch served as assistant engineer of the city of Walla Walla for a short time and on the 11th of April, 1907, he became connected with the Blalock Fruit Company, with which he filled various positions, his first position being that of bookkeeper. He was later assistant secretary, also assistant manager, and in April, 1910, became general manager of the company, in which position he still continues. On the 1st of January, 1916, he organized the Blalock Fruit & Produce Company, of which he is the president. This company is a shipping concern and handles the entire output of the Blalock orchards and also that of adjacent tracts. This organization is also a factor in the marketing of all the fruits and vegetables grown in the valley and the business, under the guidance of Major Weyrauch, has been very profitably conducted from the beginning.

Aside from his connection with interests of a personal character Major Weyrauch has figured prominently in promoting interests that have to do with the material upbuilding and prosperity of the community. In April, 1913, he was elected a member of the board of trustees of the Walla Walla Commercial Club and he served as president of the club from April, 1914, until April, 1916. He was also instrumental in organizing the Fruit Growers' Agency, Incorporated, was elected its first president and has done much to further the interests of the organization, which is composed of growers' and shippers' organizations in the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana, and is fostered by the bureau of markets of the Department of Agriculture. He was reelected president in April, 1917, and is still serving in that capacity. He has been a director of the National Apple Show held in Spokane since 1913. Fraternally Major Weyrauch is a prominent Mason, belonging to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 7, F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, R. A. M.; Walla Walla Commandery, K. T.; Spokane Consistory, A. & A. S. R.; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane. He likewise belongs to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E., and is a member of the Spanish War Veterans, belonging to General Lawton Camp No. 7, of which he is a past commander. His interest in military affairs has never ceased. In February, 1910, he organized Company K of the Second Infantry Regiment of the Washington National Guard and commanded the company until January 1, 1911, when he was appointed quartermaster of the Second Infantry and thus served until July, 1912, when it became necessary to resign owing to his increasing business interests, which were making constantly greater and greater demand upon his time and attention. But there came a day when he felt that military duty was paramount to all else and in July, 1917, he organized the First Battalion of the Washington Field Artillery and on the 9th of July was commissioned major. The battalion was mustered into the federal service September 30, 1917, and on the 9th of October left Walla Walla for Camp Green, North Carolina, where they remained until October 25th. They then proceeded to an Atlantic seaport and sailed for France, December 24th, arriving there safely January 9, 1918. Major Weyrauch has faithfully served his adopted land in military capacities for many years--a splendid example of the loyalty expressed by many men of German birth who recognize their obligations to the country under whose laws they have found protection and by whose privileges and opportunities they have benefited, while in return they render the utmost allegiance and loyalty.

OSCAR E. GRANT.

Oscar E. Grant, who is extensively and successfully engaged in farming in Walla Walla county, near Prescott, was born January 23, 1870, and is a native son of the state of Washington. His parents were Jonathan and Elizabeth Grant, the former a native of Indiana, whence he removed westward and established his home in Walla Walla county, Washington, at a very early day. Here he passed away, while his widow, who was also born in Indiana, is still living.

Oscar E. Grant spent the days of his boyhood and youth in Walla Walla county, as he has the period of his manhood. He was early trained to the active work of the farm upon his father's place and devoted the summer months to the tasks of plowing, planting and harvesting but in the winter seasons attended the public schools. He has never sought to change his occupation but has found in agriculture a vocation thoroughly congenial and one which has proven highly profitable to him. He now owns eight hundred acres of fine wheat land in this section of the state, together with some pasture land. His fields are thoroughly cultivated and his progressive methods produce substantial results.

On October 30, 1895, Mr. Grant was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Pettijohn, whose parents are mentioned elsewhere in this work. To Mr. and Mrs. Grant have been born three children, Mark H., Samuel O. and Elda M., all at home. For forty-eight years or since his birth, Mr. Grant has been a resident of this section of the state, so that he is largely familiar with its history and with the events which figure most prominently in its annals. He has seen its broad lands claimed and cultivated. In the days of his youth there was much open range and stock raising was an important feature of business life in this section. Today all of the land is owned individually and the work of improvement has transformed the tracts largely into productive fields devoted to grain raising. He has borne his part in this result and is today one of the progressive farmers in the vicinity of Prescott.

JAMES M. CORNWELL.

James M. Cornwell, a pioneer of Walla Walla county, was a man of such inherent strength of character that the position of leader was accorded him by his fellows without his seeking prominence. The determination which throughout life was one of his most salient characteristics was never more clearly shown than during the months when he worked his way with wagon teams across the plains to the west and especially when, having left the train, he and his brother walked the distance of three hundred miles from Fort Boise, Idaho, to The Dalles, Oregon, over a country unknown to them, fighting the exhaustion and discouragement of starvation.

His birth occurred in Orleans, Orange county, Indiana, August 7, 1834, and his education was that usually received by farm boys in those early days. His father, Payton Cornwell, who was a native of Kentucky, in 1839 removed with his family from Indiana to Edgar county, Illinois, and there the mother died when our subject was but nine years old. At that time the family was broken up and the eight sons found homes among strangers. In 1852 James M. Cornwell, at the age of seventeen years, with an older brother, Francis M., aged nineteen years, started on foot from Iowa for the Pacific coast with a capital of only five dollars between them. On arriving at a town on the Mississippi river James M. Cornwell worked as a teamster for an emigrant, who in turn was to furnish him with food until they reached St. Joseph, Missouri. In addition to this the brother was permitted to put his little bundle of clothing in the wagon. All that was left of the five dollars was spent for crackers to eat along the journey and at St. Joseph both of the brothers found employment as teamsters with a train bound for Oregon. According to agreement they were to receive their food on the trip but in addition to acting as teamsters were to continue in the service of their employer for one month after reaching the coast. This train was made up of professional men and their families and when they reached Fort Boise, Idaho, late in the season after a six months' journey, they found themselves short of rations. Fearing starvation, the owners of the teams proposed to the teamsters that the latter leave the train and go on ahead and take care of themselves as best they could. Eight of the teamsters, including the two Cornwell brothers, agreed to this plan and left Fort Boise on foot with three days' rations and started for The Dalles, Oregon, three hundred miles distant, which was the nearest point where there was any certainty of obtaining food. It was a desperate chance to take, but it seemed the best under the circumstances and they hoped that somewhere along the way they could find food. As the days passed their scanty store was used up, although they made it last as long as possible and as they came down the west slope of the Blue mountains to Meacham's creek they were almost famished. There they came upon an emigrant camped near the water and found that he, too, had met with misfortune. His family one by one had died and been buried along the trail, his cattle were worn out and could go no farther, and his food supply was exhausted. In order to sustain life he killed one of the almost starved oxen and hospitably fed the party of eight teamsters. After leaving this man the party of eight resumed their journey, one-half of which still lay before them. On reaching Alkali Flats one of the men lay down exhausted and the others went on, for there was no alternative. The only hope of any surviving was to press forward as rapidly as possible. One by one the men gave up and lay down exhausted until only the two brothers were left. These two journeyed hand in hand, each assisting the other as now one and then the other staggered and seemed about to fall. On reaching John Day ford they came across an Indian who had a fish weighing about a pound, for which James gave him a shirt and was glad to make the exchange. From that point on the journey was a nightmare and at length they lost hope and the older brother proposed that they, too, lie down and give up the struggle. Still they staggered on, their weakness causing them to sway as if drunk. Suddenly James saw a light and, renewing their efforts, they at length managed to reach it and there found an emigrant with the surviving members of his party encamped in a nook somewhat sheltered from the wind. However, there was little hope to be obtained here, for the family had been living on corn meal gruel for days and had so little that they could spare none. However, they gave the brothers a quilt and allowed them to sleep on some boxes in the wagon. Even so, the cold of that October night chilled them and James became delirious, but in the morning he was able to again resume the weary way westward. After they had gone some distance they met an Indian with a rotten fish on the banks of the Columbia and James traded a knife for the fish, which the brothers ate in spite of its decayed condition. When they reached the Deschutes river they gave an old pistol as pay for being ferried across the stream and on reaching the other bank, to their great surprise and joy, were overtaken by six of their comrades whom they supposed to be lying dead on the Alkali flats. Somewhat heartened by this reunion, they continued their journey and at length reached The Dalles. James Cornwell was chosen by the party to go to the commissioners stationed there by the people of Oregon for the purpose of relieving destitute emigrants, but on asking for provisions he was told that food was scarce and rations could be given only to widows or orphans of men who had perished on the way across the plains. However, at length he succeeded in getting two pounds of flour, which was made into bread by a kind emigrant woman. Strengthened by this food, they continued their journey westward and at length reached the Willamette valley.

The Cornwell brothers engaged in hunting during the first winter in Oregon and the following summer James farmed land on shares, but it was almost impossible to find a market and the autumn found him with as little money as when he reached Oregon. He then took up a ranch in the timber nine miles southwest of Portland and resided there until 1861. His brother, Francis M., who had accompanied him on their terrible journey to the west, lost his health partly as the result of the hardships endured during those six months and at length settled near our subject and passed away in February, 1858. Mr. Cornwell of this review remained upon his homestead in Oregon until 1861, when he sold that property and went to work in the Oro Fino mines, where he spent the greater part of the summer. During that time he filed on a ranch near Dry creek, six miles north of Walla Walla, Washington, and in the fall he came by wagon with his father-in-law to his claim in Walla Walla county. That winter was the hardest and longest in this part of the state and all his cattle starved to death. Although he was thus compelled to again start with nothing, he was confident that in time he would win success. He brought his family to Washington and during the summer of 1862 operated a farm on shares. As he was dissatisfied with the tract of land which he had taken up he sold it and bought a portion of the T. P. Denny ranch on Dry creek, which, however, he subsequently disposed of. In 1868 he purchased the Kimball farm of one hundred and twenty acres on upper Dry creek, nine miles northeast of Walla Walla, and for a long period there made his home. He harvested good crops and so managed his business affairs that he received a good income from his labors and, recognizing the fact that land would increase in value, he systematically invested his capital in farm property, becoming at length the owner of twelve hundred acres of wheat land and one hundred and sixty acres of timber land.

Mr. Cornwell was married March 16, 1857, to Miss Mary Tucker, who died on the 25th of April, 1858. On the 20th of October, 1859, Mr. Cornwell was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Stott and they became the parents of the following children: Laura, the wife of C. S. Robinson, of Walla Walla; Oliver T., whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work; Charles E., a resident of Tacoma; Nannie E., the wife of A. M. Cation, of Walla Walla; Arthur G., also of Walla Walla; Minnie E., the wife of Albert Cheney, of Trout Lake, Washington; and Raleigh, who died when about sixteen years of age. The mother of these children passed away in June, 1893, and Mr. Cornwell died in Walla Walla about 1898.

Mr. Cornwell was a staunch advocate of republican principles and served in the territorial legislature as a joint representative from Walla Walla and Whitman counties. His ability won recognition in that body and he was acknowledged to be one of its most valued members. Whether the matter in hand was some question relating to the management of his large farm properties or some problem of government he was always quick to distinguish between the essential and the non-essential factors in a situation and resourceful and sound of judgment in advising a course of action. The same spirit of dogged perseverance that led him as a boy of seventeen to refuse to admit defeat and lie down to die when it seemed humanly impossible to continue further on the way to Oregon was manifest throughout his entire life and that which he undertook was successfully accomplished.

JOHN P. ANDERSON.

John P. Anderson is one of the worthy citizens that Sweden has furnished to the new world and although he came to this country in limited circumstances, he is today one of the well-to-do ranchmen of Walla Walla county, owning a valuable tract of three thousand acres. He was born in Sweden on the 15th of July, 1853, and is a son of Andrew Bengston and Bula Johnson, who spent their entire lives in that country. In their family were seven children, four of whom are still living--one in Sweden and the others in America.

John P. Anderson passed his boyhood and youth in his native land, where he pursued his education in the public schools. Believing that better opportunities were afforded young men on this side of the Atlantic, he came to the United States in 1872 and after spending three years in Illinois proceeded westward to Washington. Locating near Walla Walla, he was in the employ of others for two years and then took up a homestead, where he has since spent the most of his time. As the years have gone by he has steadily prospered in his farming operations and has added to his property until he now owns three thousand acres of land, all improved, and he also has a beautiful home in Walla Walla surrounded by eight acres of ground, on which he raises all kinds of fruit.

In early manhood Mr. Anderson married Miss Anna Gamberg, also a native of Sweden, and to them were born nine children, of whom Arthur and Mabel are deceased. Those living are Victor, who is now on the ranch; Bessie, at home, and Melvin, Carl, Bengt, Otto and Alice, all in school. The wife and mother passed away November 15, 1916, leaving many friends as well as her immediate family to mourn her loss, and her remains were interred in Mountain View cemetery. She was an earnest member of the Christian church, to which Mr. Anderson also belongs, and in politics he is a staunchrepublican but has never been an office seeker. He is one of the self-made men of the community, his success in life being due to his own energy, enterprise and good business ability.

ALONZO L. SANFORD.

Among the citizens of Columbia county who have attained success in their chosen calling and are now able to lay aside all business cares and enjoy the fruits of former labor is Alonzo L. Sanford, who for many years engaged in agricultural pursuits but is spending the sunset of life in ease and retirement. He was born in Clark county, Illinois, on the 2d of November, 1845, and is a son of Peleg and Malinda (Greenleaf) Sanford, natives of New York state, whence they removed to Illinois in 1832. There the father bought a tract of government land at one dollar and a quarter per acre and built thereon a log cabin, in which the family lived for several years. Throughout the remainder of his life he continued to operate his farm and there his death occurred. His widow subsequently came to Walla Walla, Washington, and here she passed away. In their family were five sons, of whom three are still living.

Alonzo L. Sanford spent the first nine years of his life in the state of his nativity and then removed with the family to Iowa, where he was principally reared and educated, pursuing his studies in a little log school house. In 1864, when nineteen years of age, he enlisted in Company D, Tenth Iowa Infantry, for service in the Civil war, and remained at the front until hostilities ceased. He was with General Sherman on his famous march to the sea and participated in the battle of Bentonville. The war having ended he was mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas, and honorably discharged at Davenport, Iowa, after which he returned home and resumed farming. In 1871 Mr. Sanford removed from Iowa to Washington and took up a claim of one hundred and sixty acres of land northeast of Dayton in Walla Walla county. After living there for four years, he sold his farm and bought another near Covello in what is now Columbia county, where he carried on farming for some years. On disposing of that place he removed to Covello, where he has since lived retired, surrounded by all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. Besides his nice residence he owns some lots in the village and is one of the well-to-do citizens of the community.

In 1881 Mr. Sanford married Miss Alice McBride, a native of Iowa, and they have become the parents of seven children, as follows: W. G., now a resident of Dayton, Washington; Bertrand; Christopher; Pearl, the wife of Jesse Carleton; Bryan; Estella, the wife of Robert Smith; and Elton, at home.

Politically Mr. Sanford is a staunch democrat and for two years he acceptably served as assessor of Columbia county. He has also been a member of the school board and as a public-spirited and progressive citizen he has done much to promote the interests of his community. Wherever known he is held in high esteem and he well merits the confidence reposed in him.

WILFORD H. GROSS.

Wilford H. Gross is actively identified with agricultural interests, although making his home in the city of Walla Walla. He possesses the strong and sturdy characteristics that have dominated the west and have constituted the foundation upon which has been built its upbuilding and progress. His entire life has been passed in the Pacific coast country. He was born in Modoc county, California, on the 17th of January, 1874, his parents being Bailey H. and Julia A. (Rice) Gross, the former a native of Illinois, while the latter was born in Ohio. They were married in the year 1862 and soon afterward crossed the plains with ox teams to Nevada, where the father engaged in the dairy business and in freighting near Virginia City. He spent ten years in that way in Nevada, after which he continued his westward journey to California and located in Modoc county, where he conducted a dairy and stock farm. He concentrated his efforts and attention upon that business for a decade and in 1880 removed from California to Walla Walla county, Washington. Here he purchased a quit claim deed to a homestead and to a timber claim situated in township 8, range 36 east, about eleven miles northeast of Walla Walla. In subsequent years, as his financial resources increased, he bought more land from time to time and became the owner of thirteen hundred and twenty acres, which he held at the time of his demise in March, 1915. His life record should serve to inspire and encourage others, showing what may be accomplished when there is a will to dare and to do. He had no assistance but earnest effort promoted his advancement and the sure rewards of labor came to him in the course of years. His political endorsement was given to the republican party.

Wilford H. Gross was educated in the Valley Grove school and in the public schools of Waitsburg, supplemented by a course in the Waitsburg Academy and by a commercial course in the Walla Walla Business College. When about twenty-two years of age he bought one hundred and sixty acres of land and began farming on his own account. He has since been identified with general agricultural pursuits and is now the owner of three hundred and twenty acres in township 8 north, range 36 east, and also one hundred and sixty acres near Eureka. He also cultivates land belonging to his brothers and a sister, thus utilizing in all ten hundred and forty acres. He is numbered among the extensive wheat growers of this section of the state and his business affairs are carefully and successfully conducted. His energy knows no bounds and his indefatigable effort has produced splendid results. He has made a close study of soil and climatic conditions and is thoroughly familiar with the best methods of wheat growing in the northwest, so that he annually produces splendid crops.

On the 21st of October, 1903, Mr. Gross was united in marriage to Miss Grace M. Houghton, of Cowlitz county, Washington, who was a teacher in the old Seeber school at the time of her marriage. They now have three children, namely: Dorothy, Charles and Houghton. Mrs. Gross is a daughter of Henry and Sarah A. (Gardner) Houghton. Her mother located near Woodland, Washington, in 1851 and in 1867 she married Henry Houghton, who followed farming in Clarke county, on the Lewis river, where he still maintains his home. Mrs. Houghton passed away October 9, 1908. The Gardners were among the earliest settlers of Clarke county, crossing the plains and enduring all the hardships of pioneer life.

In politics Mr. Gross maintains an independent course. Fraternally he is connected with the Ancient Order of United Workmen, while the religious faith of himself and his wife is indicated in their membership in the Christian church. About ten years ago they took up their abode in the city of Walla Walla, where they make their home and from that point Mr. Gross has supervised his farming interests, which are wisely and carefully controlled.

JEROME L. KEISER.

Jerome L. Keiser is now practically living retired in Waitsburg, although for many years he was prominently identified with building operations and with mercantile pursuits in the city where he still makes his home. He is a representative of one of the oldest pioneer families of the northwest. He was born in Portland, Oregon, on the 12th of July, 1850, when that beautiful city of roses was a hamlet, containing only a few cabins on the banks of the Willamette. His parents were William M. and Roxcia (Ingalls) Keiser. The father was a native of Rensselaer county, New York, born October 7, 1827, while the mother was a native of Hamilton county, Ohio, the date of her birth being May 22, 1828. They were married in Pittsfield, Pike county, Illinois, on the 4th of April, 1849, and on the 10th of that month they began their journey across the plains with an ox team for the California gold fields. They arrived in Oregon City, Oregon, on the 18th of September, having traveled for thousands of miles across the hot stretches of sandy desert and over the mountain passes. In the same wagon train with them came a married sister and her husband, a married brother and his wife and two single brothers of Mrs. Keiser. It was a wedding trip for Mr. and Mrs. Keiser and also for her brother and wife, but it lacked many of the joyous features and comforts that are supposed to attend wedding trips. From the time they left Missouri they passed only a few forts but did not otherwise see a human habitation until after they had crossed the Cascade mountains, where they approached a settlement and heard the chickens crowing. With thoughts of mother and friends back home Mrs. Keiser sat down and had a good cry. On reaching Oregon City they decided to go into camp and spend a little time there. There had been talk of a city being built on the present site of Portland, which at that time, however, was occupied only by a little store building built of shingles and a few shacks. In fact they thought that Oregon City would be a much more progressive place and occupied a much more favorable location than Portland. However, Mr. Keiser purchased a lot on the site of Portland and built a frame shack. Liking the country, they determined to abandon their California trip and live in Oregon. They resided in Portland until the spring of 1852, by which time the town had expanded to a little village of about two streets situated along the water front. They then went up into Clackamas county, where Mr. Keiser took up a donation claim on which they resided for twenty years and in the meantime although they experienced all the privations and hardships of pioneer life, the work of improving and developing the farm was continued and their land was transformed into rich and productive fields from which they annually gathered good harvests. In 1872, however, they came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and settled in Spring valley, where Mr. Keiser purchased a small farm near a schoolhouse. There he settled down to agricultural life and devoted five years to the development of his farm property, at the end of which time his life's labors were terminated by death. Mrs. Keiser continued to reside upon the farm until 1877, when she removed to Waitsburg, where she has since made her home. She yet owns the old homestead farm, however, comprising two hundred and eighty acres, some of which was purchased by her after her husband's death. In 1851 the first Masonic lodge was organized in Oregon, this being at Portland, where meetings were held in a shack, and Mrs. Keiser, lovingly called Aunt Roxcia by her many friends, was called upon to make the Masonic aprons, as she was a fine seamstress and her brother-in-law, J. B. V. Butler, being one of the prominent members of that organization. She also made some of the wedding clothes for Dr. D. S. Baker, one of the pioneers of this region, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. To Mr. and Mrs. Keiser were born six children of whom three are yet living, Jerome L., Millard H. and Frank T., all residents of Waitsburg.

Jerome L. Keiser, whose name introduces this review, was reared amid the conditions and environments of pioneer life and has for sixty-seven years been a witness of the growth and development of the northwest. He was educated in the district schools of Clackamas county, Oregon, and in early manhood began learning the carpenter's trade, which he has followed for many years. He was closely identified with that business until 1906, when he established a furniture and undertaking establishment in Waitsburg and was thus connected with the commercial interests of the town for six years. He then disposed of that business and has since worked at his trade when he so desired, although he has practically lived retired. Indolence and idleness, however, are utterly foreign to his nature and at times he cannot resist again taking up the tools and doing some work along the line of trade in which he embarked in early manhood. The success, however, which attended him has obviated the necessity of continued work, for he is now in the possession of a handsome competence that supplies him with all of the comforts and some of the luxuries of life.

In his political views Mr. Keiser is a democrat, having supported the party since attaining his majority. For several years he served on the school board and the cause of education has found in him a stalwart champion. He is a member of Touchet Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F., and he has a twenty-five year gold medal, indicating connection with the organization for a quarter of a century. He also belongs to Coppie Encampment, No. 73, I. O. O. F., and he has membership with the United Artisans. He is a member of the board of trustees of the Old Ladies' Home at Walla Walla. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Christian church and his belief has actuated him in all of life's relations, making his an honorable course and one which has ever commended him to the confidence, good will and high regard of those with whom he has been associated.

THOMAS DURRY.

In the days when Walla Walla county was famous throughout the west as a stock country Thomas Durry was a leader among the cattle and sheep men of this section. He was born in Williamstown, Glengarry county, Canada, April 20, 1849, a son of John and Isabelle Durry, also natives of the Dominion and descendants of Irish and Scotch ancestry.

Thomas Durry was reared in Williamstown and there received his education, but in 1868 he left home and made his way to California, where he remained for three years. In 1871, in company with his mother and two sisters, Mary and Isabelle, who had joined him in the meantime, he came north to Washington territory, locating in Walla Walla county. He formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, D. McGillivray, and they turned their attention to the stock business, acquiring a ranch near Ritzville. They were there extensively engaged in stock raising for about a quarter of a century and at the end of that time by mutual consent they dissolved their partnership and Mr. Durry continued in business alone until 1903, when he retired from ranching and took up his abode in Walla Walla. He erected a handsome residence at the corner of Birch and Palouse streets and his last days were spent in well earned leisure in the enjoyment of the comforts and luxuries of life. Although during his active career he had extensive herds of cattle, his chief interest was in sheep raising and he was one of the best authorities on everything pertaining to that industry in the northwest. For several years he served as sheep commissioner for the Walla Walla district. On removing to the city he sold his stock ranch, comprising five thousand acres, but retained his extensive holdings in wheat lands, which properties are now owned by his widow.

It was in 1886 that Mr. Durry was united in marriage to Miss Alicia Lane Thomas, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Thomas, of Walla Walla. To this union were born two children, Homer and Marie.

Mr. Durry held membership in the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and in religious faith was a Roman Catholic. He always rather shunned publicity and his manner was at all times that of the unassuming gentleman, though all who came in contact with him recognized the quiet force of his personality, the keen business insight and ready grasp of the salient points of a situation that enabled him to successfully manage his large interests and the ability to judge men correctly which was such a large factor in his success. He passed away July 7, 1905, and his demise was deeply mourned by his many warm friends. Mrs. Durry is personally looking after her extensive business interests and has proven herself a woman of unusual executive ability and knowledge of business methods and conditions. She also possesses a very attractive personality and is held in the warmest regard by those who know her intimately. In religious faith she is a Catholic.

SHERMAN PETTYJOHN.

Sherman Pettyjohn, a retired farmer of Walla Walla county, has spent his entire life in the county, his birth having here occurred November 10, 1865. He is a son of Jonathan and Hannah (Warner) Pettyjohn, an account of whose lives appears in the sketch of their son, John Pettyjohn.

Sherman Pettyjohn became familiar with all the conditions of pioneer life in his boyhood and youth, as at that time this county was but thinly settled. The district schools afforded him his educational opportunities and he early began assisting his father with the farm work, taking on more and more responsibility as he grew older. On attaining his majority he took up a homestead and at once began the task of developing it. His labors were rewarded by abundant crops, and as the years passed he acquired more and more land, until he now owns eleven hundred and twenty acres, all of which is wheat land and is under a high state of cultivation. The improvements upon his holdings are modern and substantial and the value of his properties reaches a large figure. He raises both wheat and stock and is convinced that such a course is more profitable than confining one's attention to either business exclusively.

In 1892 Mr. Pettyjohn was married to Miss Mabel M. Smith, also a native of Walla Walla county, and a daughter of Sergeant J. C. and Amanda (Sheets) Smith, natives respectively of New Jersey and of Illinois. In 1848 Mr. Smith came west to California by way of Cape Horn and Mrs. Smith crossed the plains by ox team with her family in 1859 and located in Walla Walla county, Washington, where both her parents passed away. To Mr. and Mrs. Pettyjohn have been born two children: Hester S., who is the wife of Howard Holliday, is a graduate of the University of Idaho and for a number of years before her marriage engaged in teaching; and Margaret, a graduate of the Walla Walla high school and now engaged in the study of music at Whitman College.

Mr. Pettyjohn is a stanch republican and has served capably as a member of the school board. He belongs to the Farmers Union, which has as its object the promotion of the interests of agriculturists, and both he and his wife attend the Presbyterian church, whose teachings they follow in their daily lives. They are now living retired in Walla Walla, where they own an attractive residence at No. 530 Division street. In managing his farming interests Mr. Pettyjohn not only gained financial independence for himself but also aided in the agricultural development of the county.

CYRUS T. NELSON.

Cyrus T. Nelson, a resident farmer of Valley Grove, first came to Walla Walla county in 1861. His life experiences cover a long period of mining in Idaho, but since 1888 he has resided continuously at his present place of residence, which is one of the finest farms in the valley. While he ranks with the leading agriculturists of this section of the state, he has also been prominent in public affairs and has been called upon to represent his district in the state legislature. He was born in Ohio, August 9, 1839, his parents being William and Rebecca (Stands) Nelson, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania. Removing westward, they became residents of Ohio at an early period in the development of that state and there built a log cabin, living in true pioneer style. Later they became residents of Indiana, where both the father and mother passed away. Only two of their ten children are now living.

Cyrus T. Nelson was reared and educated in Ohio and in 1859 started for California. He spent two years as a miner in that state and in 1861 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, but in the fall of the same year proceeded onward to Idaho, where he engaged in mining until 1888. In that year he returned to Walla Walla county and took up his abode upon his present farm, which he had purchased in 1866. He has developed it into one of the finest farming properties of the valley, having here eight hundred and twenty acres of rich and productive land from which he annually gathers very substantial and gratifying harvests. His agricultural methods are indicative of the latest step along the line of progress in crop production, and in addition to his farm he owns a fine residence at No. 333 Whitman street in Walla Walla.

In 1873 Mr. Nelson was united in marriage to Miss Julia McInroe, who was a native of Wisconsin and by whom he had eight children, as follows: George; Lawrence F.; Cyrus M.; Carrie L., the wife of W. L. Talbert; Laura A., who gave her hand in marriage to L. V. Warner; Ruth, the wife of William C. Retzer; and two who are deceased. All those living are residents of Washington. The wife and mother passed away in 1905 and was laid to rest in Mountview cemetery, her death being the occasion of deep and widespread regret not only to her immediate family but to those many friends who had learned to esteem her highly because of her many sterling traits of character and her kindly spirit.

In politics Mr. Nelson has long been an earnest republican, voting with the party since casting his first presidential ballot for Abraham Lincoln. He has served as county commissioner in Idaho and for one term was representative of his district in the Idaho state legislature. His public record, like his private life, is free from blame. His has been a useful, active and honorable career, guided by high principles. He has long been numbered among the honored residents of the northwest, where he has made his home for fifty-six years. There is no phase of the development of the northwest in its mining and agricultural interests with which he is not familiar and his broad experiences have caused him to look at life from a liberal standpoint, with sympathy for the frailties of men and respect for their sterling virtues.

LUTHER J. CAMPBELL.

Luther J. Campbell, superintendent of the Stubblefield Home at Walla Walla, has proved very efficient in that difficult position, displaying the rare combination of executive ability and marked kindness and patience. He was born in Monticello, Piatt county, Illinois, October 9, 1870, a son of George W. and Margaret R. (Gibson) Campbell, the former a native of Salina, Ohio, and the latter of Sangamon county, Illinois. They were married in Sangamon county as the father had located there in young manhood, and there he engaged in farming for many years. His death occurred in August, 1907, but the mother is still living and makes her home with a daughter in Springfield, Illinois.

Luther J. Campbell passed his boyhood and youth under the parental roof and after completing the course offered in the public schools became a student in the Central Normal College. In acquiring an education he displayed unusual persistency of purpose and great energy, for he worked his way through college, completing the four years' course on a capital of one hundred and eighty dollars which he earned. He boarded himself, living chiefly on graham mush sweetened with syrup, and in order to further decrease his expenses he did his own laundry work at night. Most young men would never consider for a moment undergoing such privations, but he realized the benefit of an education and determined to fit himself for something worth while. After his graduation with the class of 1892 with the degree of B. A., he took up the work of teaching and for sixteen years followed that profession. He then turned his attention to the land business and was also for some time advertising manager of the Farm Home. On resigning that position he and L. E. Frost founded the Berkshire World, a stock paper which is now published in Chicago. His residence in the northwest dates from 1910, when he removed to Hermiston, Oregon, where for fifteen months he devoted his time to the study of orchards and irrigation. In 1911 he removed to Walla Walla and during that winter was the principal of Bernie school. In 1911 he was appointed probation officer and served for fifteen months in that capacity and on the 1st of January, 1913, took charge of the Stubblefield Home, which was founded in pursuance of the terms of the will of the late Joseph L. Stubblefield, who left one hundred and fifteen thousand dollars for its establishment and maintenance. The institution is a home for aged and dependent widows and dependent children and since its establishment in 1902 has admirably served its purpose. It is under the direction of three trustees appointed by Mr. Stubblefield, namely C. M. Rader, E. A. Reser and F. M. Stubblefield. Mr. Campbell's knowledge of human nature and administrative skill gained through his years of teaching and in his work as probation officer admirably fit him for the discharge of his duties in the important position of superintendent of the home, and the friction so often found in such institutions is happily lacking.

On the 23d of May, 1893, Mr. Campbell was married to Miss Margaret J. Wallace, of Brazil, Indiana, and they have a daughter, Beryl C., the wife of V. O. McWhorter, who is in the government service at Dubois, Idaho.

Mr. Campbell is a stanch democrat and is commendably interested in public affairs, although not an aspirant for office. He belongs to Columbia Lodge, No. 8, K. P., and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In all the communities in which he has resided he has made a highly creditable place for himself, and all who have come in close contact with him hold him in warm regard.

JAMES EMANUEL BERRYMAN.

James Emanuel Berryman, deceased, was well known as an early settler and prosperous farmer of Walla Walla county. His birth occurred in England, May 18, 1834, and he was a son of Richard and Martha Berryman, who were also natives of England. In 1841 they came with their family to America and established their home in Wisconsin, where both passed away. In that state our subject received a limited education and there he remained until 1854. Desiring to seek for gold, he then went to the sea coast and took passage on a ship bound for California by way of the Horn. On the voyage the ship was wrecked and he had the misfortune to lose all of his possessions. For some years he remained in California, following mining, and then went to Australia, but after two years spent in the search for gold in that country he returned to California.

In 1861 Mr. Berryman came to Walla Walla county, Washington, which at that time was unsettled save for the fort, a saloon and a blacksmith shop; but the lure of the mines was still upon him and he went into the mountains of Idaho, making his way first to the Elk City mines and then to Florence, where he was one of the party that discovered the mines there. In 1862 he went back to Wisconsin for a visit and subsequently returned to England, where he was married. Not long afterward, in 1863, he brought his bride to America and located in Wisconsin, working in lead mines. The following year he made his way to Montana, in which state he was engaged in mining for some years. In 1869 he came again to Walla Walla county and this time took up his permanent residence here. He made his home in the city of Walla Walla for ten years and served as a member of the police force. He became the first street commissioner, moved houses, built bridges and did other such work. During this period, however, he again started out in search of gold, spending some time in the Powder River country, at Butte, Montana, and near Florence, Idaho. In 1878 he filed on a homestead and a timber claim in Walla Walla county and also bought railroad land. There were the usual hardships of the pioneer community to contend with, but he knew that such fertile soil and salubrious climate could not fail to attract settlers, and that in time land here would become highly valuable and the country the equal of the older east in all that pertains to civilization. He raised wheat and herds of cattle and horses, and from time to time he gave evidence of his faith in the country by investing in land. His widow now owns fifteen hundred and sixty acres of improved land, a quarter section of which is located on Dry creek. He built the first schoolhouse in his neighborhood and this is still known as the Berryman school.

Mr. Berryman was married in England, on the 16th of April, 1863, to Miss Mary Berryman, who although of the same name was not a relative. To them were born twelve children: Richard J., who is a property owner of Walla Walla county but lives in Portland, Oregon; Lilly, deceased; Desdemona, the wife of C. Hartman, of Thompson Falls, Montana; Mattie, the wife of William Falkner, of Walla Walla county; George W., Joe and William, all three of whom have passed away; Charles M., Ulrich A. and Paul S., who are operating the ranch; Amyitis; and one son who died in infancy. There are also fifteen grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.

Mr. Berryman was a stanch republican and was quite prominent in politics. He held membership in the First Methodist Episcopal church, to which his widow also belongs, and contributed liberally to its support. He passed away in April, 1911, and was laid to rest in the Mountain View cemetery. He was one of the leading men of his community, honored and respected both for his ability and his uncompromising integrity. Mrs. Berryman still resides in Walla Walla and the family is widely known and highly esteemed throughout the city and county.

HENRY G. MAUZEY, M. D.

For many years Dr. Henry G. Mauzey devoted his time and energies to the practice of medicine and surgery but is now living retired in the suburbs of Walla Walla. He was born in Missouri, June 14, 1848, the son of Judge Stark and Martha Fenning Mauzey, who were natives of Virginia and Indiana, respectively. About the year 1842 they removed to Missouri, and both the father and mother spent their remaining days in that state. They had a family of four children, of whom two are now living.

Dr. Henry G. Mauzey spent the days of his boyhood and youth in the state of Missouri and St. Louis and there acquired his public school education. He began the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Isaac P. Vaughan, who was a Virginian and a surgeon in the United States army in the Mexican war. Later Henry G. Mauzey entered the McDowell Medical College of St. Louis and after one term became a student at the Bellevue Medical College of New York city and was graduated from that institution with the class of 1870. He obtained a commission in the Cuban army but instead went before the examining board of the United States army and was given a commission as acting assistant surgeon and ordered to the Pacific coast. He arrived in San Francisco in June, 1870, and after a short time was ordered to Fort Vancouver, Washington. He was on duty a short time at army headquarters in the city of Portland and from there was ordered to Alaska as a surgeon traveling with recruits. On February 19, 1873, he arrived in Walla Walla under orders to report and await the coming of the United States troops, who had been fighting Indians in northern California. He opened an office in the city of Walla Walla, where he remained as an active representative of the profession until 1890. In that year he removed to Spokane, where he continued in special work--eye and ear--for twenty-five years. Throughout the intervening years he kept in close touch with the advance thought and work of the profession. Broad reading kept him informed concerning the latest scientific researches and discoveries. In 1909 he again took up his abode in Walla Walla county, where he is now living retired, his home being situated about one and a half miles southeast of the city. In early days and for some years he was associated in practice with Dr. John E. Bingham of this city.

In April, 1875, Dr. Mauzey was united in marriage to Miss Frances I. Abbott, a native of Oregon and a daughter of John F. and Susan (Snyder) Abbott, the former a native of the state of New York and the latter of Ohio. The mother crossed the plains in 1845 with an uncle, the journey being made with ox teams after the primitive manner of travel in those days. She was married in Portland, Oregon, to Mr. Abbott and after a number of years' residence in Oregon, removal was made to Walla Walla, where Mr. Abbott passed away in 1896. Mrs. Abbott is still alive at the notable age of ninety-three years and is enjoying good health. Dr. and Mrs. Mauzey are the parents of two children, of whom one died in infancy. The younger, a daughter, Linda, became the wife of Major Andrew W. Smith, who is an officer in the United States army and now stationed at Camp Meade, Maryland.

Dr. Mauzey has a wide acquaintance in the northwest and all who know him speak of him in terms of high regard. For many years his position was that of family physician in many a household of Walla Walla, and regret was felt on the part of his patients when he determined to retire from practice. He is also numbered among the pioneer settlers in the northwest, his residence in this section of the country covering almost a half century, so that he is largely familiar with its history. When he arrived at Portland in August, 1870, it had a population of ten thousand and the territory of Washington had a population of sixty-five thousand.

WOODSON CUMMINS.

Woodson Cummins, of Touchet, is a retired farmer who was long actively identified with farming interests, but while still owning valuable farm property, is leaving its care and development to others. He is now vice president of the Touchet State Bank and his business record has at all times been such as has won for him the confidence and goodwill of his contemporaries.

A native son of Iowa, Mr. Cummins was born on the 6th of July, 1855, and is a son of Robert and Lucretia (Myers) Cummins, both of whom were natives of Virginia. They were married, however, in Indiana, to which state they had removed with their respective parents in childhood days. Soon after their marriage they left the Hoosier state to become residents of Iowa, and in 1862 they again started upon a westward journey, with Walla Walla county, Washington, as their destination. They crossed the plains with ox teams and a mule team, leaving their Iowa home on the 1st of April and reaching Walla Walla county about the 16th of September. It was a long and arduous trip across the stretches of hot sand and over the mountain passes. There were some dangers to be faced and many hardships to be undergone, but day after day and week after week the journey was continued with resolute spirit and courage until they arrived in Washington. Soon afterward Mr. Cummins took up a homestead about five miles southeast of Walla Walla and in 1869 he removed to the farm which his son Woodson now owns, situated two miles west of Touchet. There he acquired three hundred and twenty acres of land and for several years he was engaged thereon in stock raising, becoming a prominent representative of the livestock business in this section. He also engaged in freighting in the early days, continuing in that business until the building of the railroad. There was no feature of pioneer life with which he was not familiar and his efforts were an important element in promoting the early development and the later progress of this section of the state. He labored diligently and the intelligent direction of his efforts brought good results. He died in the year 1916, having long survived his wife, who passed away in 1875. In fact he was three times married after the death of the mother of Woodson Cummins, and each of his wives preceded him to the grave.

Woodson Cummins was a little lad of but seven summers when the family came to the northwest. He was reared under the parental roof and acquired his education in the public schools of Touchet. In the spring of 1880 he went to Elgin, Oregon, and for three years was engaged in the livestock business, after which he returned to Walla Walla county. In 1882 he purchased the old home farm and continued to engage in the livestock business. He also cultivated his fields and became recognized as one of the energetic and representative farmers of the community. He took up a homestead claim adjoining his father's old farm and in subsequent years he has purchased other land and now owns six hundred and forty acres. Year by year his farming and livestock interests were carefully conducted and his business affairs grew in volume and importance. He displayed sound judgment in the management of his interests and utilized the most progressive methods in conducting his work. Prosperity therefore came to him and at length, having become the possessor of a very substantial competence, he removed to Touchet about 1908 and a year later gave up active farming, since which time he has lived practically retired. He was, however, one of the organizers of the Touchet State Bank, has been a member of its board of directors from the beginning and also has filled the office of vice president from the organization.

On the 12th of September, 1880, Mr. Cummins was united in marriage to Miss Jemima J. Weaver, of Elgin, Oregon, by whom he has five children, as follows: Clarence E., who is yard manager of the Touchet yards of the Tum-a-Lum Lumber Company; Walter R., who cultivates a farm of his own and also some of his father's land; Hettie, who is the wife of W. E. Burnap, an agriculturist of township 7 north; Leila M., the wife of K. W. Parsons, who is engaged in farming near Lowden, Walla Walla county; and Elmer J., the proprietor of a garage in Touchet. Mr. and Mrs. Cummins also have an adopted daughter, Eva Pearl, now the wife of A. Hanson, residing near Touchet.

In his political views Mr. Cummins has long been a republican, giving stalwart support to the party and doing all in his power to promote its successes, yet never seeking nor desiring office for himself. He holds membership in Trinity Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F., and he and his wife are consistent and faithful members of the Primitive Baptist church. His religious faith has guided him in all of his relations and has made his business career one of unquestioned integrity and honor. He has combined high purpose with laudable ambition and his career proves that success and an honored name may be won simultaneously.

JOHN SPREITZER.

Among the retired farmers residing in Walla Walla is numbered John Spreitzer, who was born in Austria in 1860, of the marriage of Stephen and Gertrude Spreitzer, also natives of that country. There the mother passed away and there the father still maintains his home. To them were born nine children, of whom three are deceased.

John Spreitzer was reared at home and in the acquirement of his education attended the public schools of Austria. When twenty-three years of age, or in 1883, he crossed the Atlantic to America, having determined to seek his fortune in this comparatively new country. For six years he lived in Chicago and then went to Colorado, where he spent one year. At the end of that time, in 1890, he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and for five years operated rented land. He then bought six hundred and forty acres and devoted his time to the cultivation of that tract until 1911, when, feeling that he had accumulated a competence, he retired and removed to Walla Walla, where he purchased an attractive residence on East Chestnut street. The value of his property is enhanced by the fact that there are many fruit trees upon the farm which bear abundantly.

In 1897 occurred the marriage of Mr. Spreitzer and Mrs. Katie Hendricks, a native of Germany. Mr. Spreitzer is a republican in politics but has confined his participation in public affairs to the exercise of his right of franchise. Fraternally he belongs to the Woodmen of the World and has many friends within and without that organization. He came to America empty-handed, but being quick to recognize and take advantage of the opportunities here offered, has by his own efforts gained the prosperity which he now enjoys.

GEORGE A. EVANS.

Among the men who played well their part in the pioneer days of Walla Walla county, when conditions of life were such as to test to the utmost a man's mettle, was numbered George A. Evans, who came to the west by wagon train. He turned his attention to farming, but his last days were passed in well earned leisure. He was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, December 6, 1835, and remained there until he reached mature years. In the meantime he had received but three months of common school education and had acquired habits of industry and of perseverance that were to stand him in good stead in the new northwest. In 1854 he removed to Sidney, Iowa, and two years later, in 1856, he joined a wagon train of forty ox teams and accompanied by his family, his parents and brothers and sisters, made the long journey across the continent to Walla Walla, arriving here in August. At that time the Indians were quite restive and had attacked several wagon trains and massacred a number of the emigrants, but the train with which Mr. Evans journeyed was not molested. For some time he drove a team engaged in freighting in this state and Idaho, principally between Walla Walla, Boise and Silver City, and thus became thoroughly familiar with this section of the northwest and gained a wide acquaintance among the early settlers. His first winter in Walla Walla, that of 1861, was one of the worst ever known in this country and it was a serious problem among the pioneers to make a living. Mr. Evans succeeded in finding employment as a mule herder for the government on what is now known as Eureka Flats. After the coming of the railroad he turned his attention to farming and became the owner of large and valuable holdings. At length, feeling that he was entitled to a period of rest, he retired and removed to Walla Walla, where his death occurred April 2, 1916.

Mr. Evans first married Bethsidia Williams, who died, and in 1886 he married Miss Bessie Bambrick, a native of Nova Scotia, and they became the parents of two children, one of whom survives, Mrs. W. R. McDermott, of San Francisco. Mrs. Bessie Evans passed away September 3, 1905, and on December 18, 1907, Mr. Evans married Miss Anna Bower, who survives him and resides at No. 549 South Division street. She holds membership in the Presbyterian church and is a woman of many admirable qualities.

Mr. Evans was a loyal member of the Masonic fraternity and was laid to his last rest with Masonic honors. For ten years he held membership in St. Paul's Episcopal church and in his daily life he was a consistent Christian, thoroughly upright in all his dealings, kindly in spirit and considerate of others. In his home life he was ever a loving husband and father and his large capacity for friendship gained him the warm regard of all who knew him intimately. He had a keen interest in educational affairs and for sixteen years served as a trustee of St. Paul's school. With his passing Walla Walla lost one of her prominent citizens and his demise was the occasion of widespread regret.

SETH W. HESTER.

Since starting out in life for himself Seth W. Hester has followed agricultural pursuits and is today one of the prosperous farmers of Columbia county, Washington. He has always been a resident of the Pacific northwest, being born in Linn county, Oregon, January 2, 1872, and during his infancy he was brought to Walla Walla county, now Columbia county, by his parents, William M. and Sarah K. (Combs) Hester, who were natives of Kentucky and Iowa respectively. It was in 1852 that his father came to the Pacific coast and after spending four years in California, removed to Oregon in 1856 and in 1872 came to Walla Walla county, Washington, where he settled on a farm. Here he and his wife both died. To them were born nine children and five of the number are now living.

Seth W. Hester passed his boyhood and youth in Walla Walla county and is indebted to its public schools for the early educational advantages he enjoyed. He was only thirteen years of age when his father died and he took charge of the home farm, which he carried on for a few years. Being a wide-awake, up-to-date farmer, he has steadily prospered as the years have gone by and is today the owner of valuable land in Columbia and Garfield counties. He has become interested in other enterprises and is now a stockholder in different businesses in Walla Walla, Garfield and Columbia counties.

In 1893 Mr. Hester was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Loundagin, and they have two daughters: Lucile M., who is a graduate of the Walla Walla high school and is now a student at Mills College, Oakland, California; and La Nor C., now attending high school.

Mr. Hester takes a commendable interest in educational affairs and has efficiently served on the school board. His political support is given to the democratic party and he never withholds his aid from any enterprise which he believes will prove of public benefit.

W. H. RICHARDSON.

W. H. Richardson is now living retired in Dayton, but for many years was actively identified with farming interests and owned and cultivated an excellent tract of land. He was born on St. Joseph's island in Lake Huron, in the province of Ontario, Canada, February 1, 1864, his parents being W. T. and Jane (Holland) Richardson, the former a native of Ontario, Canada, while the latter was born in Ireland. During her girlhood days the mother crossed the Atlantic with her parents, who established their home in Ontario. Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Richardson took up their abode on St. Joseph's island, where they resided until 1869 and then removed to Minnesota, where they lived for about seven years. In 1876 they came to Washington, taking up their abode upon a farm about six miles west of Dayton, in Columbia county, where the father was actively engaged in general agricultural pursuits until the time of his death, becoming one of the big wheat raisers of the county. At the time of his demise he owned six thousand acres of farm land, the greater part of which was devoted to wheat, and his efforts were resultant in producing splendid crops. He closely studied conditions of soil and climate and his methods were at all times progressive, so that he gathered abundant harvests. He died in 1900, at the age of sixty-six years, while his widow, surviving until 1907, passed away at the age of seventy-two.

W. H. Richardson was educated in the Thorn Hollow public school and in the Huntsville Academy. In early manhood he began farming in cooperation with his father and gradually as their operations extended to a larger scale, W. H. Richardson more and more assumed the burden of managing the business and cultivating the land. Following the death of his father he purchased the entire holdings, which he continued to develop and improve further until 1909, when he disposed of the last of his farm property and has since lived retired. His business affairs were wisely and carefully controlled and he became one of the representative agriculturists and wheat growers of the valley. The industry which he displayed in all of his business undertakings brought to him a very substantial measure of prosperity, so that he is now enabled to enjoy his remaining days in leisure and comfort.

In 1903 Mr. Richardson was united in marriage to Miss Loretta M. Frazer, of Ashland, Illinois, who was principal of the Dayton high school. They became the parents of one son, who died in infancy. In politics Mr. Richardson is a democrat and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day, but has never consented to become a candidate for office. Since his retirement from business in 1909 he and his wife have spent much of their time in travel, having visited many European countries, also South America and Japan, thus gaining that broad knowledge and liberal culture which only travel can bring. The life record of Mr. Richardson should serve to inspire and encourage others, showing what may be accomplished through individual effort guided by sound judgment.

ARTHUR G. CORNWELL.

Among those whose extensive farming operations have made Walla Walla county famous as a wheat producing region is Arthur G. Cornwell, who is residing in the city of Walla Walla but is personally directing the operation of about one thousand acres of fine land. He is a native of the county, born April 11, 1869, and is a son of James M. and Mary A. (Stott) Cornwell. He was reared at home and as a boy and youth attended the country schools, thus laying the foundation of his education, and later he was a student at Whitman College. Following his marriage he began farming on his own account and from the beginning proved successful, his early training in agricultural work under his father proving of the greatest value to him. For about ten years he operated rented land and then purchased a farm. His holdings now comprise three hundred and twenty acres of farming land, one hundred and sixty acres of timber and grazing land, and in addition to cultivating his own half section he operates leased land, farming in all about one thousand acres, devoted to the raising of wheat. He keeps his business well in hand and studies carefully the problems of lowering the cost of production, of increasing the yield and of marketing to advantage. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Savings Bank of Walla Walla and in the Farmers Grain Agency and belongs to the Farmers Union, believing thoroughly in the importance of cooperation.

Mr. Cornwell was married on the 15th of July, 1891, to Miss Carrie E. Ingram, who was born in Georgetown, Colorado, a daughter of James H. and Mary J. (Williams) Ingram. In 1847 the family removed to Walla Walla and the father bought a small tract of land on the outskirts of the city of Walla Walla. He planted fruit and devoted the remainder of his life to horticulture. His wife was a writer of ability and after reaching her seventieth year wrote a book of poems. Mr. and Mrs. Cornwell have three children: Artemisia May, who was graduated from Whitman College in 1916 and also in that year completed the course offered in the Whitman Conservatory of Music, receiving the degree of B. M.; Edna Genevieve, who was also a student at Whitman College and is now the wife of Carl Gensel, of Walla Walla; and Elmer Grant, who is now farming on the home ranch. He was married in September, 1917, to Miss Ethel Heath.

Mr. Cornwell is a republican in politics and served for several years as deputy assessor. He and his family belong to the Presbyterian church and for about ten years he has served on its financial board. He is one of the most influential citizens and most successful farmers of Walla Walla county and wherever known is held in the highest esteem.

WILLIAM BOWE.

The life record of William Bowe indicates the opportunities which the northwest offers, for he arrived in this section of the country empty-handed and started out in the business world as a common laborer. Today he is the possessor of a handsome competence and is actively and prominently identified with agricultural and financial interests, owning thirteen hundred acres of land in Walla Walla county. He makes his home in the city of Walla Walla, from which point he directs his farming interests. He was born in Ireland, March 18, 1861, and is a son of John and Katherine Bowe, both of whom were natives of Ireland, where they spent their entire lives, there rearing their family of eight children, of whom six survive.

William Bowe was reared and educated in Ireland and was a young man of twenty-five years when he determined to try his fortune in the new world. Accordingly in 1886 he bade adieu to friends and native land and sailed for the United States. He did not tarry on the Atlantic coast but made his way across the country to Iowa, where he lived for two years. Still he heard the call of the west and in 1888 he came to Walla Walla. He arrived here in very limited financial circumstances and his financial condition rendered it imperative that he find immediate employment. He began work as a farm hand and spent three years in that way. He was ambitious, however, to engage in business on his own account, and at the end of that period rented land which he cultivated for three years. He still continued to save his earnings and after cultivating a rented farm for three years he purchased land, to which he has added from time to time until he is now the owner of about thirteen hundred acres, all of which has been greatly improved. His life throughout his entire residence in the northwest has been devoted to general agricultural pursuits and his large farm presents a most neat and thrifty appearance, indicating his practical methods and careful supervision. He also owns a fine residence in Walla Walla and he is one of the directors of the Farmers Bank of that city.

On the 8th of January, 1896, Mr. Bowe was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Davis, a native of Ireland, and they have become the parents of two children, but John C. has passed away. William E. married Miss Alice C. Ennis and in 1917 leased his father's ranch about fourteen miles from Walla Walla, where he now resides. Mr. Bowe of this review was nearly killed in 1909 while riding a young horse. The horse became frightened and fell from a bridge about nine feet with Mr. Bowe under him. He was so severely injured that he was picked up for dead.

Mr. and Mrs. Bowe are communicants of the Catholic church and in politics Mr. Bowe is a democrat, while fraternally he is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and also with the Knights of Columbus. His life record should serve to encourage and inspire others, showing what may be accomplished when there is the will to dare and to do. He has never been afraid of hard work, and persistency and diligence have brought to him the measure of prosperity which is now his.

W. H. H. BRUNTON.

W. H. H. Brunton, a pioneer of Walla Walla county, was engaged in farming for many years and won gratifying success in that connection. He was born in Schuyler county, Illinois, January 27, 1841, a son of Cyrus and Martha (Restine) Brunton, who removed with their family to Missouri during the childhood of their son, W. H. H. Brunton. There he was reared and received his education. In 1862 he made the journey across the country to Walla Walla county, Washington, with ox teams and during the following winter resided on the Walla Walla river. The next year he removed to Columbia county and for four years engaged in teaming. In 1866 he was married and then took up a homestead adjoining his father-in-law's farm. He devoted his time and attention to agricultural pursuits until 1899 and then, feeling that he had earned a rest, retired and removed to Walla Walla. From time to time he added to his holdings until he became the owner of almost seven hundred acres of land, which is still in possession of the estate. He passed away September 7, 1901, and his demise was the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for he was a man of sterling worth.

Mr. Brunton was married in 1866 to Miss Sarah A. Lewis, a daughter of Reese Lewis, who removed to Oregon with his family from Wayne county, Iowa, in 1863. After spending two years on the Touchet he took up a homestead claim three miles east of Dixie.

Mr. Brunton was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which Mrs. Brunton also belongs. He was known as a man strictly honest in all his dealings and his uncompromising integrity gained for him the respect of all with whom he came in contact. He had many personal friends and found his greatest pleasure in their companionship and in that of his wife. She resides in a comfortable home at No. 716 Catherine street and is well and favorably known in Walla Walla.

WILLIAM THOMAS DOVELL.

William Thomas Dovell was a native of Walla Walla, his birth occurring September 21, 1869, and his parents were John and Margaret (Ford) Dovell, natives respectively of the Azore islands and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In early boyhood the father emigrated to the United States and at an early date became a resident of Walla Walla, where both he and the mother passed away. To them were born four children, of whom two survive.

William Thomas Dovell grew to manhood in Walla Walla and attended the public schools and Whitman College in the acquirement of his education. He prepared for the practice of law under the direction of the firm of Allen & Crowley, and in 1890 he was admitted to the bar. He opened an office and for thirteen years was numbered among the capable attorneys of the city. In 1903, however, he removed to Seattle, where he was active in the practice of his profession until called by death in February, 1916. One of the factors in his success was his habit of careful preparation of his cases, this practice making it difficult for his opponents to gain an advantage over him.

In 1901 Mr. Dovell was united in marriage to Miss Ruth H. Allen, a daughter of the Hon. John B. and M. C. (Bateman) Allen, the former born in Indiana and the latter in Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Dovell became the parents of four children, Ruth C.; Allen Thomas, deceased; William Thomas, Jr.; and Mary D.

Mr. Dovell was a careful student of public affairs and his views on political issues were in accord with the principles of the republican party. He was chosen attorney for Walla Walla county when but twenty-one years of age and although extremely young to fill such an important position he discharged his duties with marked ability. Fraternally he belonged to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, and his attractive social qualities gained him many friends within and without that organization. Those who had been associated with him during his residence in Walla Walla felt deep regret on receiving the news of his death in Seattle. He was buried in that city.

ADOLPH HOLM.

Adolph Holm, deceased, belonged to that class of substantial citizens that Norway furnished to the new world. He was a man of business ability and enterprise and possessed marked skill as a wood worker. Laudable ambition actuated him at every point in his career and an orderly progression brought him to a prominent position among the successful business men of Walla Walla county. Each forward step in his career gave him larger opportunities which he readily recognized and promptly utilized.

Mr. Holm was born in Norway, August 20, 1847, a son of Peter Holm, who was a wood worker and contractor of that country. At the age of nineteen years Adolph Holm bade adieu to friends and native land and sailed for the new world, having heard favorable reports concerning its opportunities, so that he was thus induced to seek a home on this side of the Atlantic. He had previously learned the trade of a wood carver under the direction of his father in Norway and he had also enjoyed liberal educational training. He had attended a Latin school there and was master of four or five languages. Thus well equipped he reached the new world, without capital but possessed of marked intellectual force and ability in the line of his trade. Making his way westward to Chicago, he there worked as a wood carver for a time and was also employed at various points in Michigan. Still later he went to Sioux City, Iowa, where he took up the business of contracting and building.

It was while a resident of Sioux City that Mr. Holm was united in marriage, in August, 1870, to Miss Charlotte Peterson, a native of Sweden, who had come to the United States when seventeen years of age. In the year 1872 Mr. Holm came to the west with Oregon as his destination. He located first in Salem and was employed on the building of the state capitol in that city, remaining there for six years. On the expiration of that period he removed to Walla Walla and after two years took up his abode in Asotin county, Washington, where he resided for twenty-one years. During that period he was engaged in farming and in May, 1902, he purchased land and removed to the home farm upon which his widow now resides. There he continued to carry on general agricultural pursuits until his demise, which occurred February 3, 1904. He was a very skilled wood turner and he did much of the interior finishing of the Washington building for the Columbian Exposition held in Chicago in 1893. He proved equally efficient along other lines, both industrial and agricultural. In a word he possessed marked adaptability and accomplished whatever he undertook by reason of his unfaltering diligence and perseverance. His persistency of purpose, his laudable ambition and his splendidly directed efforts constituted an example that is well worthy of emulation.

To Mr. and Mrs. Holm were born eight children, seven of whom still survive, as follows: Anna, at home; Oscar, who is a member of the police force in Seattle; Harry, a resident of Roswell, New Mexico; Edgar, who is engaged in merchandising at Yuma Pine, Oregon; Emma, the wife of Professor W. M. Davis, who is principal of the College Place schools; Maurice, who formerly lived in Boston, Massachusetts but is now with the United States troops somewhere in France; and Roy, who operates the home farm.

Mr. Holm gave his political allegiance to the democratic party, and while he always kept well informed concerning the political conditions and questions of the country, he never had aspiration for office. He belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for many years and was a loyal representative of that society. He never regretted his determination to come to the new world, for he here found the opportunities which he sought and in their utilization made for himself a most creditable position in business circles. He won success by honorable effort and his record is one which reflects credit upon the land of his birth and the land of his adoption. That his life was well spent is indicated by the fact that those who knew him longest were his stanchest friends, for throughout his entire career he displayed characteristics that were worthy of the highest regard of his fellowmen.

E. J. CANTONWINE.

E. J. Cantonwine, a prosperous farmer of Walla Walla county, has passed his entire life in the county, as he is a native of the city of Walla Walla. His birth occurred November 12, 1887, and he is a son of W. J. and Clara E. (Cram) Cantonwine, natives of Iowa and Oregon respectively. In 1863 the father made the long overland journey with ox teams to Washington and located on Dry creek, where he engaged in farming for many years. He died in California, having gone there in the hope of benefiting his health. The mother survived for some time, passing away in April, 1917. Two of their three children are still living.

E. J. Cantonwine attended the schools of Dixie in the acquirement of his general education and prepared himself to manage his affairs in a businesslike manner by taking a course in a commercial college at Walla Walla. He remained at home, assisting his father with the farm work, until he attained his majority and then took charge of the operation of the homestead, which he managed for ten years. In the meantime he had acquired title to personal property which he sold at the end of that period. He then engaged in the undertaking business for five years, after which he disposed of his interests in that line and again turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. He owns four hundred and seventy-five acres of well improved land north of Dixie, Washington, and keeps its operation well in hand, realizing that farming is as much a business as manufacturing or merchandising and that to succeed the farmer most study both the problems of production and of marketing.

In 1900 Mr. Cantonwine was married to Miss Bessie Kershaw, a daughter of J. S. Kershaw, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume. Both belong to the Methodist Episcopal church, of which Mr. Cantonwine is a trustee, and he is also now a member of the building committee which has in charge the erection of the new house of worship. He belongs to Enterprise Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F., in which he has filled all the chairs, and he is likewise a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and of the Loyal Order of Moose, in which he is also an officer. He is a typical western man, alert, confident of the future, self-reliant and resourceful, and he has been a factor in the advancement of the agricultural interests of Walla Walla county.

HENRIK P. PETERSEN.

Henrik P. Petersen is one of the progressive business men of Waitsburg, where he is prominently associated with banking interests. He was born at Lukomkloster, Nord Slesvig, Germany, on the 12th of January, 1878, and was brought to America in 1881, when but three years of age. He is a son of Martin C. and Magdalene Petersen, both of whom are now living at Dannebrog, Nebraska.

The family home was established in Dannebrog when the parents came to the new world and in the schools of that place Henrik P. Petersen pursued his education, passing through consecutive grades to his graduation from the Dannebrog high school. When his textbooks were put aside he turned his attention to banking and became familiar with that business in Dannebrog, so that he was well qualified by experience to enter upon a similar field when he came to Waitsburg, Washington. Here he has resided for the past thirteen years and is now occupying the responsible position of cashier in the Exchange Bank at Waitsburg, of which he is also a director. He has made a creditable record in this connection and is now bending his energies to administrative direction and executive control. He has a thorough knowledge of the banking business and his ability has been manifest in the continued growth and success of the institution with which he is identified.

Mr. Petersen is also well known as an exemplary representative of the Masonic fraternity and he has been honored with the position of worshipful master of Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, A. F. & A. M. He has a wide acquaintance in Waitsburg and his many substantial qualities have gained for him the high regard of those with whom he has been brought in contact. In all matters of citizenship he stands for progressiveness and improvement and gives his aid and cooperation most liberally and earnestly to those measures and movements which are a matter of civic virtue and civic pride.

HERMAN C. ACTOR.

A most interesting and eventful career was that of Herman C. Actor, who passed the last years of his life in the restfulness and the quietude of the farm. He was familiar with every phase of frontier life in the northwest and four times he was wounded by the Indians in the early struggles for supremacy between the white race and the redskins. He came to this section of the country when the work of progress and improvement seemed scarcely begun and when the red men were yet more numerous than the white settlers. Only here and there some venturesome spirit had penetrated into the wilderness of the Pacific northwest to establish a home and if possible utilize the resources of the country in the attainment of a competence or a fortune.

Mr. Actor was born in Ohio, September 18, 1832, and had passed the Psalmist's allotted span of three score years and ten at the time of his demise. In fact, he had reached the eighty-fifth milestone on life's journey and was the only survivor of a family of nine children when he passed to the Great Beyond. His parents were Herman and Margaret (Daterman) Actor, both natives of Germany, who had crossed the Atlantic to the new world in 1828 and established their home in Ohio, where they continued to reside until their deaths.

It was in that state that Herman C. Actor spent the days of his boyhood and youth and acquired an education in such schools as were available in that early day. He went to Missouri in 1852, when a young man of twenty years, and there remained for a year. He then entered the employ of the American Fur Company and purchased furs for that concern at their fort for two years. It was in the fall of 1855 that he came to Walla Walla, Washington, in company with Governor Stevens, and for one year he acted as one of the governor's guard. Later he was in the employ of the government for some time and while thus engaged was four times shot by the Indians, sustaining three wounds in the leg and one in the shoulder. Wild as was the life of the northwest and undeveloped as was the country, he felt the spell upon him and determined to remain, eager to take active part in the improvement and progress of this section. He purchased a farm where Dixie now stands and cultivated his land there for some time, but afterward disposed of that property and purchased the farm on which he died, on section 23, township 8 north, range 37 east, comprising four hundred acres. With characteristic energy he bent his efforts to the cultivation and improvement of the property and in the course of years his labors wrought a marked transformation in the appearance of the place. He carefully and wisely utilized his fields and as the years passed his crops multiplied and brought him a substantial competence, permitting him the well earned enjoyment of the comforts of life.

In 1858 Mr. Actor was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Davis, a native of Iowa, and they became the parents of six children: Margaret, who is the wife of George La Rue; Mary, the wife of Lincoln Kenwine; Louisa, the wife of P. Collinwood; Frank; George; and Arthur. The wife and mother died in 1908 and was laid to rest in the Dixie cemetery, her death being the cause of deep regret to her many friends and great sorrow to her family. Only recently Mr. Actor was also gathered to his fathers and with him there passed away one of those sturdy pioneers who had carried the banner of the white man's civilization into the wilds of the west and who planted well for the coming generations to reap.

Mr. Actor belonged to the Masonic lodge at Dixie and gave his political allegiance to the republican party. He never sought office but was public spirited and served as a member of the school board to good purpose. He was a self-made man who owed his success to his industry and perseverance alone. He met many hardships and difficulties incident to pioneer life and encountered many obstacles such as always are factors in a business career, but he did not allow himself to become discouraged and with resolute will pushed forward and in the span of his life he won for himself an honored place as one of the substantial men of the county. He was one of its venerable citizens, respected by all, and his worth to the community was widely acknowledged. While he has gone to the Beyond, his work lives and his memory is enshrined in the hearts of all who become cognizant of his sterling character.

H. F. CLODIUS.

Since the winter of 1882-3, H. F. Clodius has resided upon the Pacific coast and through more than a third of a century has been identified with farming interests in Walla Walla county. He is now living retired in Waitsburg, although he still owns valuable property holdings, constituting some of the best farm land in this section of the state. He was born in Germany on the 10th of November, 1847, and is a son of Claus H. and Catherine M. (Biernstein) Clodius, both of whom spent their entire lives in Germany. His paternal great-grandfather, Christopher Clodius, removed to that country from Denmark. The father was one of the prominent farmers of his section and was a man in affluent circumstances.

His son, H. F. Clodius, was given liberal educational opportunities and in his later years has been a broad reader, so that he is said to be one of the best informed men on general subjects in Walla Walla county. In his wide scope of reading he has twice read the Bible through from cover to cover. When he was a lad of but fifteen years of age the life on the seas attracted him and for three years he sailed, during this time visiting the countries of France, England, Belgium, Sweden, Norway and Russia. In 1865 his father died and H. F. Clodius then left the sea and returned home. He was the eldest in a family of four sons and he practically became the head of the family, assuming the responsibility of managing the valuable estate which his father left. He proved adequate to the duties that devolved upon him, for he has ever been a man of enterprise and adaptability who has readily and capably undertaken the tasks which have come to him.

In 1868 Mr. Clodius was united in marriage to Miss Catherine M. Rohde. Following his marriage he continued to cultivate his father's farm until 1875, when he determined to try his fortune on this side of the Atlantic and with his wife and one son sailed for the United States. On reaching American shores he penetrated into the interior of the country and established his home in Woodford county, Illinois, where he resided for eight years. It was in the winter of 1882-3 that he came to the Pacific coast, making his way by train to San Francisco and thence northward by boat to Portland, Oregon. From that point he traveled by train to Walla Walla county, Washington, arriving in the city of Walla Walla on the 1st of February, 1883. He remained in the town for a couple of months and then purchased a farm on Mill creek, ten miles from Walla Walla. He continued to reside upon that place for fifteen years, at the end of which time he sold the property and purchased a portion of his present farm in Spring Valley, about four miles southwest of Waitsburg. His holdings he has since increased by additional purchase until he now has thirteen hundred acres, and upon this property he continued to reside until 1914, when he removed to Waitsburg, where he has since lived retired. His business affairs were most carefully and wisely managed and his well directed interests brought to him a very gratifying and substantial measure of success, so that, possessing a very desirable competence, he is able to rest from further labor and yet enjoy all of the comforts and some of the luxuries of life.

Mr. and Mrs. Clodius became the parents of nine children, seven of whom are yet living, as follows: H. F., who is a farmer residing in Garfield county, Washington; Catherine M., the wife of David Kibler, of Mill Creek, Walla Walla county; Marie C., the wife of Charles Kibler, who is an agriculturist living on Spring creek, Walla Walla county; Rosa, who gave her hand in marriage to William Weller, of Columbia county; Augusta, who is the wife of Emory McCown, a farmer of Walla Walla county; Ella, the wife of Henry Züger, who also follows farming in Walla Walla county; and John W., who operates the home farm. Two of the children, H. F. and Claus, deceased, were born in Germany.

Mr. Clodius votes with the democratic party and he has twice been a candidate for the office of county commissioner but failed of election. He belongs to Walla Walla Lodge, K. P. He is one of the wealthy farmers of Walla Walla county, is one of its broad gauged men and enjoys the friendship and regard of a great majority of those with whom he has come in contact. He is forceful and resourceful, has ever accomplished what he has undertaken and in the attainment of his success has followed well defined plans and purposes.

LEWIS SCHMUCK.

Lewis Schmuck, now living retired, was for many years a prominent figure in the business circles of Walla Walla, where he operated extensively in connection with the lumber industry as a member of the firm that established the business now conducted under the name of Whitehouse-Crawford Company. His start in business life was most humble. He began earning his living by selling newspapers and shining shoes. His educational advantages were naturally limited but he made such good use of his time and opportunities for securing intellectual advancement that in young manhood he was able to secure a teacher's certificate and for a time engaged in teaching school. Each point in his career has brought him a broader outlook and wider opportunities and his life has been characterized by a most splendid and steady progression.

Mr. Schmuck was born in Peoria, Illinois, June 2, 1852, a son of Xavier and Mary Schmuck. The father was born in Alsace, and as a member of the French army fought against the Germans. The mother died when Lewis Schmuck was but a young child and at the early age of ten years he left home and began to shift for himself. He sold newspapers on the streets of Peoria during war times, when many extras were being published, and he also shined shoes, thus picking up many a stray nickel wherever possible. Later he drifted into the country, where he worked as a farm hand, and immediately following the close of the Civil war he went to Nebraska, where he engaged in farm work. Still later he was employed in a stone quarry and worked on the building of the state prison. He continued in Nebraska for almost seven years and by reason of his continuous employment that he might provide for his own support he had little chance to obtain an education. However, he was desirous of progressing along the line of intellectual culture and when possible attended a few months' school. He had pursued his studies to a limited extent before he left home in his tenth year and he did not again attend school until after he had attained his majority, when he devoted three months each winter for three years to improving his education in Nebraska. In the school of experience, however, he had learned many valuable lessons and, possessing an observing eye and retentive memory, was continually adding to his knowledge. After his nine months' school training in Nebraska he was able to secure two third grade certificates and later a second grade certificate. He taught one summer term in Nebraska, after which he resolved to try his fortune in the northwest, having heard favorable reports concerning this section of the country.

Arriving in Walla Walla on the 24th of December, 1877, Mr. Schmuck spent the following winter as an employe in the sawmill of Dr. Blalock and thus he obtained his initial experience in connection with the lumber industry. In the summer of 1878 he carried the hod in connection with the erection of the Schwabacher store building on the present site of the Gardner building. In the fall of that year he was employed in a wheat warehouse, loading grain on the Dr. Baker Railroad. Late in the fall of that year, in company with Charles Cooper, he established a small chop mill adjoining the Glassford planing mill, securing power from the latter plant. Subsequently they built a factory on the present site of the Whitehouse-Crawford Company and engaged in the manufacture of the cheaper kinds of household furniture. This business was conducted successfully for several years and was finally developed into the lumber business. In the meantime Mr. Schmuck and his partner acquired a ranch of nine hundred and sixty acres in Whitman county and stocked the ranch, after which Mr. Schmuck located thereon in order to look after their cattle business, while his partner attended to their lumber interests in Walla Walla. This business was subsequently purchased by the firm of Whitehouse & Crimmins and later became the Whitehouse-Crawford Company. Mr. Schmuck remained upon the ranch for twelve years and then established his home in Colfax, where he engaged in the farm implement business for five years. On the expiration of that period, or in 1911, he sold out and returned to Walla Walla, where he has since lived retired. He is still, however, the owner of twenty-two hundred and seventy acres of wheat land in Umatilla county, Oregon, and a tract of four hundred and twenty-seven acres in Dixie, Walla Walla county. His investments have been most judiciously made and from his realty holdings he derives a very gratifying annual income.

On the 30th of July, 1883, Mr. Schmuck was united in marriage to Miss Bettie Wade, a niece of T. T. Burgess, by whom she was reared. They became parents of a daughter, Sarah E., who is now the wife of Frank Vollendorff, state clerk of the penitentiary. The wife and mother passed away July 6, 1906, and Mr. Schmuck was again married on the 26th of September, 1907, when Mrs. J. B. Chamberlain became his wife. They had become acquainted in early life while he was boarding with her parents in Nebraska. In her maidenhood she was Miss Martha Gerking and was a native of Missouri. By her former marriage she had a daughter, Blanche, who is the wife of C. A. Sprague, owner and editor of the Journal-Times of Ritzville, Washington.

Mr. Schmuck has always given his political allegiance to the republican party and has served for one term as justice of the peace of Whitman county but has never been an aspirant for public office. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church and Mrs. Schmuck belongs to the Order of the Eastern Star and to the United Artisans. Mr. Schmuck is one of the well known and highly esteemed citizens of Walla Walla. He has always been a liberal contributor to church and charitable work and has been foremost in all movements for the advancement of the community and its substantial upbuilding. He gave to the city of Colfax what is known as Schmuck Park and many other evidences of his public spirit could be cited. In business affairs he has always displayed sound judgment that has enabled him readily to discriminate between the essential and the non-essential. The methods which he has employed in the attainment of success awaken approval and admiration, for his course has been characterized by enterprise, by indefatigable energy and clear judgment which has won advancement in the business world without infringing on the rights of others. He is a man of well balanced capacities and powers and has long occupied a central place on the stage of action, being accorded leadership almost from the time when he made his initial effort in the field of business in the northwest.

HERBERT McARTHUR.

Herbert McArthur, deceased, was one of the representative residents of Walla Walla county and a self-made man who in his business career steadily progressed. He started out to earn his living when a little lad of but nine years and from that time forward depended entirely upon his own resources. He was born in the state of New York, November 11, 1868, and was a son of Albert and Grace (Scoville) McArthur, both of whom are natives of the Empire state and are still living there. In their family were four children, two of whom survive.

Herbert McArthur pursued his education in the schools of his native state but his opportunities in that direction were quite limited, for he left home when only nine years of age and began to earn his living. He came in time to be one of the most successful men of the Walla Walla valley. In 1890 he arrived in the city of Walla Walla without a cent. He was then a young man of twenty-two years, and though he lacked capital, he possessed ambition, determination and energy. He utilized every opportunity that promised advancement and he was not afraid of hard work. After a time he embarked in merchandising in Walla Walla and so continued for eight years, after which he sold his business and took charge of the interests of the Blalock Fruit Company, of which he became a large stockholder. This company owned seventeen hundred acres of valuable land devoted to fruit cultivation and Mr. McArthur remained in charge until his death. He closely studied every phase of fruit culture in the northwest, knew where to secure the best nursery stock and also knew just what soil conditions were required for the best production. He studied scientific methods for the care of his trees and the fertilization of the soil, the spraying of the trees, and in fact every branch of work that could facilitate the interests of the company was carefully looked after by him. Following his death Mrs. McArthur purchased two hundred and twenty-five acres of raw prairie land which she has since improved, erecting thereon fine buildings and bringing the fields under a high state of cultivation. She now has one of the finest farms in the state of Washington. All of the trees upon the place have been planted since it came into possession of Mrs. McArthur, who is a most capable business woman, readily recognizing and utilizing opportunities and discriminating quickly between the essential and the non-essential in all business affairs.

It was in 1886 that Mr. McArthur was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Abel Gee, who was born in Cuba, New York, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Aaron G. Gee, who were also natives of the Empire state, where her father passed away, as did the mother, whose death occurred in Cuba. Both were laid to rest in New York. In their family were three children, two of whom are now living.

The death of Mr. McArthur occurred in June, 1908, and he was laid to rest in Walla Walla cemetery. His demise was deeply regretted by many friends, for he had won for himself a creditable position not only in business circles but in the regard of those with whom he was associated. Mrs. McArthur is also widely and favorably known in Walla Walla county and ranks with the most representative business women, controlling an estate valued at over three hundred thousand dollars. She possesses notable energy and sound judgment and carries forward to successful completion whatever she begins.

HENRY A. JOHNSON.

Henry A. Johnson, a well known stock raiser of Columbia county, has been a resident of Washington for forty years and has therefore been a witness of much of the growth and development of this section of the state. A native of Ontario, Canada, he was born in Lincoln county, August 18, 1844, a son of W. G. D. and Catherine (Miller) Johnson, who were also natives of Canada, where they spent their entire lives. They had a family of ten children, eight of whom are now living.

Henry A. Johnson spent his youthful days in Canada and acquired his education as a public school pupil there. In 1865 he removed to the middle west, settling in Champaign county, Illinois, where he resided for a decade. In 1875 he made his way to the Pacific coast and located in California, where he spent two and a half years upon a farm. In 1877 he arrived in Walla Walla and in May, 1878, he purchased a herd of cattle and came to Starbuck. He rented a farm for several years but during that period carefully saved his earnings until his industry and economy had brought to him a capital sufficient to enable him to purchase land. He then invested in property which he owned for a time but afterward sold that farm. His wife, however, owns eleven hundred and twenty acres near Starbuck, which is excellent valley land, devoted to the cultivation of hay, fruit and vegetables.

In August, 1909, Mr. Johnson was united in marriage to Mrs. Nancy A. Pearson, a native of Restigouche county, New Brunswick, and a daughter of Robert and Mary Ann (Reid) Watson. Her father was born in Scotland, but her mother was a native of New Brunswick, where they were married. To them were born eight children in New Brunswick and two others were added to the family after their removal to California, Mrs. Johnson being the oldest. It was in 1868 that they came to the Pacific coast and settled in Rio Vista, California, where Mr. Watson owned and operated a ranch and where both he and his wife died. They have three sons still living: William, of San Jose, California; and R. W. and Alex M., both of Great Falls, Montana. Their daughter, Nancy A., was married in Rio Vista to J. S. Pearson and in 1878 they came to Dayton, Washington, being among the pioneers of that locality. Two years later they became residents of Starbuck. Mr. Pearson died at Spokane in 1908. The children born of that union were: Charles W., now an extensive wheat farmer of Eureka flats, Walla Walla county; Margaret J., deceased; Sadie M., the wife of a prominent physician of Sacramento, California; Marian E., whose husband is a prominent railroad man of Spokane; Florence P., the wife of an eminent physician of Sacramento; Robert G., also a prominent physician of that city; and Joseph N., a rancher of Marysville, California. All of the children were given excellent educational advantages, attending colleges in this state and finishing their course at the University of Washington. Charles was one of the first children to attend public school in Starbuck, Mr. and Mrs. Pearson with one or two others having organized the first school district in 1880, before the village of Starbuck had been started. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson now spend their winters in California but during the summer months occupy the ranch at Starbuck, where they have a beautiful and attractive home located on a knoll overlooking the Tucanon river which is modern in every respect, being lighted by electricity and supplied with all conveniences.

Mr. Johnson is prominent in Masonic circles, belonging to Starbuck Lodge, No. 106, F. & A. M., in which he has filled all of the chairs, and both he and his wife are connected with the Order of the Eastern Star. In politics he is a stalwart republican and has served as justice of the peace and as mayor of Starbuck, while for several years he has been a member of the school board. His public duties have been discharged with promptness and fidelity and he has manifested marked capability in the performance of every task that has devolved upon him. During the long years of his residence in Washington he has contributed much to the upbuilding and progress of his section of the state and has always stood for advancement, reform and improvement.

JOHN HUNTINGTON, M. D.

Dr. John Huntington, enjoying a lucrative practice at Starbuck, was born April 14, 1860, at the old home at Monticello, Washington, being the third son of Harry D. and Rebecca J. Huntington, who were early pioneers of western Washington. They had crossed the plains with ox teams in the year 1848 and on the journey met Joseph Meek conveying the news of the Whitman massacre to Washington. Mr. Huntington with his family spent the first winter at Oregon City and in the following spring removed to his donation claim, situated at the mouth of the Cowlitz river, on which was located a warehouse of the Hudson's Bay Company. There the pioneer town of Monticello grew up and was made memorable by the fact that the first convention was held there to organize the territory of Washington. It is a pleasing memory to Dr. Huntington to know that he as well as others of his brothers and sisters were born in the same house in which that convention was held. His father was a member of the first territorial legislature and his brother, Chandler Huntington, was a member of the first state legislature. Dr. Huntington attended the Territorial University, from which institution he won his Bachelor of Science degree upon graduation with the class of 1885. He was there a classmate of Professor Meany of the State University and of Charles V. Piper, who taught for many years in the Washington State College and for the past decade has been connected with the agricultural department of the United States government at Washington, D. C.

Dr. Huntington pursued his course in medicine in the medical department of the University of Oregon at Portland and was there graduated on the 1st of April, 1891. He located for practice near his old home in Cowlitz county, where he remained until the fall of 1898, when he entered the employ of the Oregon & Washington Railroad & Navigation Company as local surgeon at Starbuck. There he has since remained and, in addition to his work with the railroad company, he has enjoyed a lucrative practice. He is very conscientious in the performance of all professional work and by broad reading and study keeps in touch with the latest scientific researches and discoveries so that he is familiar with the most progressive methods.

For many years Dr. Huntington has been an active member and worker in the Masonic lodge and derives much pleasure therefrom, while in his life he exemplifies the beneficent spirit of the craft that is based upon a recognition of the brotherhood of mankind and the obligations thereby imposed. While a student at the university he became a member of the Presbyterian church, of which Dr. Matthews is now pastor, and is a member of that church at Walla Walla. He represents one of the old and honored pioneer families of the northwest, his parents having come here at a very early day, while in the same party was Captain Miller, who is well known in Walla Walla and along the Columbia and Snake rivers. His father was acquainted with Dr. McLoughlin, Rev. Eells and other notable pioneers. The work which the father began in the early days has been continued by the sons and the name of Huntington has ever stood as a synonym for progressiveness and loyalty in citizenship and for the support of all interests looking toward the upbuilding and betterment of the state.

FRANCIS M. CORKRUM.

Francis M. Corkrum is extensively engaged in farming in Walla Walla county, having supervision over fourteen hundred acres of land. He resides on section 19, township 8 north, range 37 east. It was in this township that he was born, April 11, 1892, a son of Uriah F. and Ida May (Chew) Corkrum, both of whom were natives of Walla Walla county. The paternal grandfather, Francis M. Corkrum, was one of the earliest pioneer settlers of this section of the state, arriving here in the late '50s. He figured most prominently in connection with the pioneer development of the county and is classed with those who aided in reclaiming this region for the purposes of civilization. At the time of his arrival the red men far outnumbered the white settlers in the state, the great forests were uncut, the streams unbridged and the lands uncultivated. In fact the work of progress and improvement seemed scarcely begun, yet here and there a few venturesome spirits had planted the seeds of civilization in the northwest. Mr. Corkrum bore a most active part in the work of general progress and improvement in that early period and this work has been carried on by his descendants to the present time. Uriah F. Corkrum is now living in Walla Walla and is the owner of seven hundred acres of land in this county.

Francis M. Corkrum, whose name introduces this review, spent his youthful days under the parental roof and acquired a district school education, supplemented by a course in the Empire Business College in Walla Walla. He was early trained to the work of the farm and at the age of twenty years began farming on his own account, renting land. He secured seven hundred acres owned by the Kibler brothers in the township where he now makes his home. This farm he is still cultivating and on the 1st of September, 1916, he took over the management of his father's farm and is now operating fourteen hundred acres of land, which places him among the most extensive farmers of his section of the county. He follows the most progressive methods and his enterprise and industry are producing splendid results. He is familiar with every phase of modern farming and he has secured the latest improved machinery to promote the work of the fields. Annually he harvests good crops and the neat and thrifty appearance of the places which he cultivates indicates his practical and progressive spirit.

On the 16th of October, 1913, Mr. Corkrum was united in marriage to Miss Edith Gwin, a daughter of J. A. Gwin, one of the substantial farmers of Walla Walla county. They are now the parents of two children, Mary Jane and Uriah F., Jr.

Fraternally Mr. Corkrum is identified with Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. Mrs. Corkrum is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Corkrum gives his political allegiance to the democratic party, which he has supported since age conferred upon him the right of franchise, but he does not seek nor desire office as a reward for party fealty. He prefers to concentrate his time and energies upon his business affairs, which, wisely directed, are bringing to him substantial success.

FREEMAN C. ROMAINE.

Freeman C. Romaine, deceased, was one of the representative farmers of Columbia county, carrying on operations six miles north of Dayton. He was born on the 15th of July, 1867, in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, which state was also the birthplace of his parents, Garrit and Martha Romaine, and he was only five years of age when the family crossed the plains and settled in Oregon, where the following three years were passed. In 1871 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and throughout the remainder of his life was actively identified with its agricultural interests. He took up a farm of three hundred and twenty acres six miles north of Dayton, which is still owned by his widow, and as time passed he became one of the most extensive farmers of his community, operating about twelve hundred acres. He not only raised grain but also devoted considerable attention to the raising of stock.

In 1898 Mr. Romaine was united in marriage to Miss Mary Bosqui, a native of California and a daughter of K. J. and Elizabeth (Wilson) Bosqui, who were also born in that state and removed to Washington about forty years ago. Here the mother died but the father is still living. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Romaine are as follows: Helen E. and Doris E., now attending high school; and Donald Kenneth.

Mr. Romaine passed away on May 10, 1914, and was laid to rest in the Dayton cemetery. He was a very public-spirited and enterprising citizen who did much to promote the interests of his community, and he served as president of the Fair Association. He was a member of the Commercial Club and was a republican in politics. In his death the county realized that it had lost a valued and useful citizen and wherever known he was held in the highest regard. Mrs. Romaine still owns the farm of three hundred and twenty acres and also has a nice residence in Dayton, where the family now live. They are members of the Congregational church and have a host of warm friends in the city and surrounding country.

EDWARD A. LYONS.

Edward A. Lyons, a representative citizen and progressive farmer living on section 22, Russell Creek township, in Walla Walla county, was born on the old Lyons homestead in this township July 9, 1882, his parents being Patrick and Frances Lyons. The father became a very prominent and successful man, actively and extensively connected with agricultural interests. His business affairs were the result of carefully directed effort, indefatigable energy and perseverance, and as the years passed on he kept adding to his holdings until he was one of the wealthy men of this section of the state. He belonged to the Catholic church and his life was guided by high and honorable principles, while the circle of his friends constantly increased as the circle of his acquaintance broadened.

Liberal educational opportunities were accorded Edward A. Lyons, who attended St. Vincent's parochial school in Walla Walla, also the Lincoln public school and the Binkey-Walker Commercial College in Portland, Oregon, from which institution he was graduated with the class of 1903. After his return home he began the management of his father's farming interests, of which he had charge during the following fourteen years, this bringing him broad experience and wide knowledge concerning the most effective and progressive methods of farming. In 1914 he began business on his own account, taking up his abode on his present farm in Russell Creek township. His place comprises three hundred and sixty acres of good land which he purchased in 1909. He has brought his fields under a high state of cultivation and the enterprise and energy with which he has directed his efforts have gained for him a very substantial measure of success.

On the 24th of January, 1912, Mr. Lyons was united in marriage to Miss Gladys Edna Field, a daughter of Simon Field, one of the early pioneer settlers of Walla Walla county. To Mr. and Mrs. Lyons have been born three children, two of whom are living, Andrew Edward and Dorothy Jane.

Politically Mr. Lyons is a democrat, exercising his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of that party. Both he and his wife are members of the Catholic church and he is identified with the Knights of Columbus. He also belongs to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. He has made for himself a very creditable position among the successful farmers and substantial men of Walla Walla county and is a well known representative of one of the honored pioneer families long connected with the development and progress of this section of the state.

PASQUALE SOTURNO.

It was a man of Italian birth who discovered America and thus brought to the world the knowledge of the resources of a new continent. Since that time many men who have had their nativity in the sunny land of Italy have crossed the Atlantic and have become valuable residents of America, their enterprise and business activity contributing to the upbuilding and progress of the districts in which they have resided. Pasquale Soturno is among those who have become identified with the development of the northwest. He makes his home in College Place, where he is now most pleasantly situated, occupying one of the beautiful residences in that town, while his attention is given to the conduct of an extensive gardening business. He was born in Italy, March 3, 1850, and was there reared and educated. He came to America in 1875, when a young man of twenty-five years, and for a brief period was a resident of the state of New York. The opportunities of the west attracted him and he made his way across the country to Walla Walla county, Washington, where he settled in 1876, becoming the first commercial gardener of the valley. He is today the owner of forty-six acres of very rich and productive land upon which he is now extensively engaged in gardening. He has followed this business for forty-one years and he has ever held to the highest standards in his work. He produces vegetables of most excellent quality, size and flavor, and by reason of this he has been assured of a very liberal patronage. His business has grown year by year and today he has a splendidly improved farm, having secured all of the improvements that facilitate work of that character.

Mr. Soturno was married in Italy before he left his native land. His wife died in 1916. In their family were three children: Carmen, who is at home with her father; Josephine, also at home; and Nicholas, who died at the age of twenty-eight years.

Mr. Soturno and his family are communicants of the Catholic church. He has long since become a naturalized American citizen and has always given his political allegiance to the republican party. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to seek a home in the new world, for here he found the business opportunities which he sought and in their utilization he has won a handsome fortune, being now numbered among the substantial citizens not only of College Place but of the county at large. Moreover, he was a pioneer in his field of labor and demonstrated the possibilities for successful gardening as a commercial venture in this section of the state.

LARS NILSSON.

Lars Nilsson is a hardware and implement dealer of Dayton, who for many years has ranked with the foremost business men of the city. The secret of success is not a difficult one to find. Careful analyzation of the careers of those men who have prospered indicates the fact that industry has constituted the foundation of their progress and close application and enterprise have enabled them to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and in time reach the goal of prosperity. Such is the record of Mr. Nilsson, who came as a young man to the new world, well qualified to meet business demands in America by reason of the thorough training which he had received as a wagon maker in his native country.

Mr. Nilsson was born in Sweden, September 19, 1859, a son of Nils and Elna (Knudson) Larson. The father died in Sweden when his son was a lad of but ten years and the mother passed away when he was a youth of only twelve, so that he was early left an orphan. Following his mother's demise he was thrown upon his own resources and from that time forward has been dependent entirely upon individual labor for advancement. Ha was employed at farm work until his eighteenth year, at which time he apprenticed himself to the wagon maker's trade. He finished his apprenticeship in Sweden, where thoroughness is the watchword in every factory. After becoming a master builder of wagons he determined to try his fortune on this side of the Atlantic and in the spring of 1880 sailed for the United States, where his brother, Andrew Nilsson, had located ten years before. The brother had become a resident of Dayton, Washington, in 1877, and in the fall of 1879 he returned to Sweden on a visit. The following spring he again came to the United States and brought with him his younger brother, Lars, and a sister, Sophia, who is now the wife of John Ruply, of Portland, Oregon. Andrew Nilsson had previously established himself in the blacksmithing business in Dayton and on his return, Lars Nilsson entered the brother's shop, adding the wagon making industry to the blacksmithing business. He continued to work for his brother for eleven years and in 1892 they entered into partnership relations, conducting their business under the firm style of Nilsson Brothers for fourteen years. During that period they extended the scope of their interests and added new departments, opening a farm implement store. In 1905 Lars Nilsson purchased his brother's interest in the business and as his trade grew he was forced to give up the blacksmithing shop in order to concentrate his efforts and attention upon the mercantile branch. He also disposed of the machine shop, devoting his entire time to looking after the implement and vehicle business, which was removed to a handsome new brick building erected at the corner of Main and Third streets by Andrew Nilsson. In 1913 Arthur Nilsson became associated with his father in the business and displays marked enterprise in carrying on their interests. Mr. Nilsson has always maintained the highest standards in the line which he handles. For years he has sold the Studebaker vehicles, the Canton plows, Superior drills and the Holt combine and in more recent years he has handled the Studebaker motor car. He also handles engines and pumping outfits and in fact almost everything necessary to the complete equipment of a farm, including a line of power machinery. A local paper said of him: "He is known throughout the county as a conscientious, progressive, accommodating and capable business man and some of his customers have been doing business with him for many years with complete satisfaction to themselves." His brother Andrew died October 22, 1916, in Dayton, at the age of seventy-two years, leaving no family and, according to the terms of his will, our subject is sole executor of the estate and is acting as such without bar or any court proceedings.

On the 10th of May, 1890, Mr. Nilsson was united in marriage to Miss Johanna Stahlberg, a native of Sweden. He went to Sweden in the fall of 1889 and brought his prospective bride to this country with him in the spring of 1890, for having been naturalized in the United States, the laws of Sweden would not permit of his marriage there. To them were born two children: Esther J., who died in 1913, at the age of twenty-two years; and Arthur N., who is connected with his father in business. The wife and mother passed away March 16, 1894, and on Christmas day of 1895 Mr. Nilsson was married to Miss Lydia Stahlberg, a sister of his former wife. There have been two children of this marriage: Andrew L., who is taking a course in electrical engineering in the Washington State College; and Albert E., a lad of ten years, at home.

Mr. Nilsson is prominent in Masonic circles, belonging to Dayton Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M.; Dayton Chapter, No. 5, R. A. M.; and Washington Commandery, No. 1, K. T., of Walla Walla. He is also a member of Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P., which he joined in 1886, and he belongs to Patit Lodge, No. 10, I. O. O. F. He has passed through all of the chairs in these different organizations save the commandery and is a most faithful follower of Masonic teachings, exemplifying in his life the beneficent spirit of the craft. He and his wife are consistent members of the Congregational church and they enjoy the high regard of all with whom they have been associated because of the many sterling traits which they display. Mr. Nilsson is a self-made man. He borrowed the money from his brother with which to pay his passage to this country and as the years have gone on he has steadily progressed in a business way until he is today one of the most substantial citizens of Dayton. He has ever been watchful of indications pointing to success and has never feared to venture where favoring opportunity has led the way. He has closely studied the market and the public demand in his line and has ever carried a stock that has been able to meet the needs of the most particular. In all his dealings he is thoroughly reliable as well as progressive and his word is considered as good as any bond solemnized by signature or seal.

OLIVER DEWITT.

On the 4th of July, 1864, Oliver DeWitt arrived in Walla Walla, a young man of twenty years, with twenty-three cents in his pocket, representing his entire capital. Today he is the owner of valuable farming property, from which he derives a gratifying annual rental that supplies him with all of the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. The intervening period was at the outset a struggle for existence but since then, step by step, he has steadily progressed and his record indicates clearly what may be accomplished when there is a will to dare and to do. Never afraid of hard work, he has also displayed sound business judgment in the management of his interests.

Mr. DeWitt was born in Knox county, Ohio, on the 7th of January, 1844, a son of David H. and Rachel (Starner) DeWitt, who removed from Ohio to Iowa in 1850, settling in Mahaska county near Oskaloosa, where they remained until called to their final rest.

Oliver DeWitt had very limited educational opportunities. In fact he is a self-educated as well as self-made man and many of his most valuable lessons have been gleaned from the school of experience. On reaching his twentieth year, in 1864, he decided to leave home and seek his fortune in the far west. Accordingly he bade adieu to friends and family and crossed the plains with an ox team to Boise City, Idaho, and from there made the journey to Walla Walla on foot, arriving as previously stated on the 4th of July, with twenty-three cents as his entire capital. The following day he secured employment with a farmer to pull onions. He worked for wages that fall and winter and in 1865 he engaged in teaming and packing, which business he followed for about ten years. He then became actively engaged in the live stock business, settling four miles northeast of Walla Walla. In 1877 he purchased two hundred and forty acres of land on Dry creek, nine miles northeast of Walla Walla, and taking up his abode upon that place, turned his attention to general farming. He subsequently increased his holdings to four hundred and fifty acres, which he still owns. For the past twenty years or more he has spent the winter seasons in Walla Walla in order to give his children the advantages of the city schools. The summer months were largely spent upon the home farm but for three years he has remained steadily in Walla Walla, renting his farm to others. He belongs to the Farmers Union and is one of the directors of the Farmers Union Warehouse Company.

In May, 1874, Mr. DeWitt was united in marriage to Miss America A. Roff, a daughter of Frederick and Rachael (White) Roff, who crossed the plains with ox teams from Missouri to Washington in 1864, settling in what is now Walla Walla. They made the trip with nine children and were six months and one day en route. On reaching his destination Mr. Roff had but fifty cents in his pocket. However, some of his Masonic brethren came to his assistance and after a short time he had made a good start. Four of his nine children were old enough to work and wages were good, the girls receiving nine dollars per week. The father engaged in farming and with the exception of a year and a half spent in Oregon he made his home continuously in the vicinity of Walla Walla up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1902. He was one of the well known and valued pioneer settlers of this section of the state. His widow survived him for six years, passing away in 1908. Mr. and Mrs. DeWitt are the parents of four children, as follows: Ella, who is the wife of Edward Bradbury, of Waitsburg; Harry L., who owns and operates a large ranch near Starbuck in Columbia county; Arthur Clyde, who is engaged in the grain business in Waitsburg; and Elsie D., who gave her hand in marriage to William L. Estes, a farmer of Walla Walla county. Mr. and Mrs. DeWitt have also reared a nephew, Charles F. Myers, whose parents died when he was seven years of age and he is now living on the farm.

In politics Mr. DeWitt is a stanch republican, exercising his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of that party. Fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Washington Lodge, No. 19, and also to the encampment, while both he and his wife are identified with the Rebekahs. Narcissa Lodge, No. 2, presented Mrs. DeWitt with the veteran's jewel, given for long and faithful service in the order. Mr. DeWitt belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church, while his wife holds membership in the Christian church. They are people of genuine personal worth and Mr. DeWitt is ever ready to extend a helping hand to those who need assistance. He comprehends what difficulties mean, having had his own hard knocks. He sympathizes with those whose lot has not been as fortunate as his and yet he does not condone the shirker nor have patience with the shiftless, because his life has been organized along lines that call for a full dole of labor within each turn of the wheel. Because of his industry and perseverance, obstacles and difficulties have vanished before him like mist before the morning sun and step by step he has advanced until he has reached the heights of prosperity.

JOSEPH W. LYONS.

The name of Lyons has long been associated with the agricultural development of Walla Walla county and has always been a synonym for progressiveness and advancement in that field of activity. Joseph W. Lyons, who now follows farming on section 16, Russell Creek township, was born upon the place where he still lives on the 6th of November, 1879, his parents being Patrick and Frances Lyons, who were well known and worthy pioneer people of this district. He was educated in the district schools, also attended Whitman College in Walla Walla and Gonzaga College at Spokane, now the University of Gonzaga. Following the completion of his school days he worked for his father for a time and subsequently was in the employ of the Great Northern Railroad Company for about five years. The major part of that period was spent in the general offices of the company at Spokane. At length he resigned his railroad position and returned to Walla Walla county, where he took up the occupation of farming, to which he had been reared, and with this pursuit he has since been identified. He has charge of his father's estate, operating two thousand acres of land, and is thus one of the extensive and representative farmers of the valley. His business affairs are most carefully managed. He is systematic in all that he does, is progressive and employs the most modern methods in carrying on his farm work, so that excellent results accrue.

On the 28th of September, 1910, Mr. Lyons was united in marriage to Miss Hattie Denzel, of Spokane. Following the completion of a course in the Holy Name Academy at Spokane, Mrs. Lyons attended the State Normal School at Cheney, Washington. By her marriage she has become the mother of four children, namely: Helen F., Joseph D., Louise E. and William R.

Both Mr. and Mrs. Lyons are consistent members of the Catholic church and he is identified with Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. In politics he maintains an independent course, voting for men and measures rather than for party. He has a wide acquaintance in his native county and enjoys the friendship and high regard of many with whom he has been brought in contact. He is a typical western man, alert, energetic and progressive, and as the years have gone on he has made for himself a creditable position among the agriculturists of southeastern Washington.

JUDSON A. CORBETT.

Judson A. Corbett, a prominent representative of the milling industry, has conducted a feed mill at Dayton since 1907 and was also the proprietor of the Touchet Flouring Mills at Huntsville, Washington, for a quarter of a century but has recently disposed of his interests in the latter connection. His birth occurred in Ontario, Canada, on the 10th of October, 1857, his parents being John and Jane (Lewis) Corbett, both of whom were natives of Ireland. They emigrated to Canada in childhood with their respective parents, who settled near Ottawa, and it was there that they were reared and married, continuing residents of the province of Ontario throughout the remainder of their lives. John Corbett was a mill operator, conducting both a grist and sawmill.

Judson A. Corbett, whose name introduces this review, learned the milling business under the direction of his father, with whom he was identified in operations of that character until 1890. At that time, when a young man of thirty-three years, he made his way to Victoria, British Columbia, and two years later came to Huntsville, Washington. Here, in association with his brother, Albert E., he purchased the Touchet Flouring Mills, of which he continuously remained co-proprietor for a quarter of a century or until August, 1917, when he disposed of his interest therein to E. S. Isaacs. The widow of Albert E. Corbett, who passed away in 1906, still retains his late brother's interest. It was in 1907 that J. A. Corbett bought the feed mill in Dayton and this he has successfully operated to the present time. He owns an equity in a farm north of Dayton and is likewise the owner of a farm in Ontario, Canada, and of a section of land in Alberta, Canada.

In October, 1887, Mr. Corbett was united in marriage to Miss Jane Baker, of Ontario, Canada, by whom he had seven children, five of whom survive, namely: Fern W., the wife of Wilbur Bateman, who follows farming near Huntsville; Evelyn, who gave her hand in marriage to Lawrence Johnson of Huntsville, for many years a teacher in the public schools; and Gladys, Kenneth and Phyllis, all at home. Fraternally Mr. Corbett is identified with the Woodmen of the World, while his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Episcopal church, to which his wife also belongs. The prosperity which has come to him in business is the merited reward of his enterprise and ability, while the regard and esteem which he enjoys in social circles has come in recognition of his high standards of conduct in every relation of life.

RALPH F. COFFIN.

Death often removes from our midst those whom we can ill afford to lose. It was with deep regret that the friends of Ralph F. Coffin learned of his demise, for he was a worthy and substantial citizen, loyal to his associates and devoted to his family. He was born in Oregon, March 7, 1876, and his life record covered the intervening years to the 28th of December, 1915. His parents were George D. and Lucinda (Haynes) Coffin, the latter a native of Iowa. The father was a native of England and at an early day crossed the plains to the Pacific coast and later removed to the Walla Walla valley. Both he and his wife spent their remaining days in this section of the state and were numbered among its worthy pioneer settlers. They had a family of seven children, of whom but two sons are now living.

Ralph F. Coffin, although born in Oregon, was reared and educated in Walla Walla county, having been brought to this section of the state by his parents when very young. When not busy with his textbooks his attention was given to the home farm and he was thus well qualified to undertake any branch of farm work. After putting aside his textbooks he accordingly began farming on his own account and devoted his attention to that business until his death. He became the owner of forty-one acres of valuable farm property on section 31, township 7 north, range 35 east, and his labors made it a splendidly improved tract of land, equipped with all modern conveniences and all of the accessories of the model farm and his careful cultivation of the tract brought to him and his family a substantial annual income.

In 1900 Mr. Coffin was united in marriage to Miss Ella Kroll, who was born in Wisconsin, a daughter of Lawrence and Tressa Kroll, both of whom were natives of Germany. They came to America in early life and established their home in Wisconsin, where they continued to reside until called to their final rest. They had a family of nine children, of whom seven are yet living. It was in the year 1908 that Mrs. Coffin crossed the country to Washington, becoming a resident of Walla Walla county, where in the following year she was married. To Mr. and Mrs. Coffin was born a daughter, Mary Estella. Mrs. Coffin and her daughter are favorably known and have many friends in the section of the county in which they reside.

THOMAS H. CROCKER.

Thomas H. Crocker, a retired agriculturist residing in Walla Walla, was long and successfully identified with farming interests in Walla Walla county. His birth occurred in St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, on the 30th of August, 1854, his parents being John R. and Clarissa (Hill) Crocker, who spent their entire lives in that province. He was reared under the parental roof and attended the common schools in the acquirement of an education. At fifteen years of age he became a sailor on an American vessel, sailing "before the mast" and for five years sailed on different ships along the Atlantic coast. On one trip he acted as "sailing mate." This experience led him to the decision to go to the United States. Accordingly, soon after attaining his majority he left his native country and went to Reno, Nevada, where he spent one year. On the expiration of that period he made his way to California, in which state he was engaged in placer mining for three years and then spent a year on a ranch. Subsequently he resided for one year in Lakeview, Oregon, and at the end of that time returned to Wyoming, where he spent about twelve years in the stock business and in railroading. In 1888 in New Brunswick Mr. Crocker was united in marriage with Miss Edith Diffin, daughter of Thomas and Susan Diffin of that place. In 1895 they came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and have remained within its borders throughout the intervening twenty-three years. They took up their abode on a rented farm near Prescott and continued its cultivation for about ten years but in the meantime had purchased a farm of three hundred and twenty acres sixteen miles northwest of Walla Walla and later bought an adjoining half section, to which they removed in 1905. Thereon they continued to reside until 1914, when they took up their abode in the city of Walla Walla and have since lived retired. The property, which has been operated by a tenant during the past three years, now embraces eight hundred and eighty-seven acres of rich and productive land, all in one body. Mr. Crocker was long numbered among the active, enterprising, industrious and progressive farmers of the community and the rest which he now enjoys is the merited reward of his intelligently directed labors.

Mr. and Mrs. Crocker have their home at 628 Pleasant street and they occupy an enviable position in social circles of Walla Walla. Mr. Crocker gives his political allegiance to the republican party, believing firmly in its principles. Fraternally he is identified with the Foresters of America, while his religious faith is indicated in his membership in the Congregational church, to which his wife also belongs. His record is indeed commendable and he well deserves representation in this volume as one of the leading agriculturists and respected citizens of Walla Walla county.

L. P. BERRYMAN.

L. P. Berryman is one of the younger representatives of successful farming operations in Walla Walla county. He was born April 8, 1887, on the farm on which he yet resides, on section 35, township 9 north, range 35 east. His place comprises three hundred and twenty acres of rich and valuable land which was originally the old family homestead. His parents were J. E. and Mary Berryman, both of whom were natives of England. They came to America in early life and established their home in Walla Walla county, where the father passed away, but the mother is still living.

L. P. Berryman acquired a public school education in Walla Walla county and was reared to the occupation of farming, which he has successfully followed as a life work. He continued to assist his father in the development of the fields until he attained his majority, when he began farming on the old homestead, which he afterward purchased. He has here a half section of land which he has brought under a high state of cultivation and to which he has added many improvements, making it a valuable and attractive farm which constitutes one of the pleasing features of the landscape. He also owns and operates the warehouse at Berryman Station and his business affairs are wisely, carefully and successfully conducted.

In 1907 Mr. Berryman was united in marriage to Miss Grace Mallory, who was born in Ohio and is a daughter of Charles Mallory, now a resident of Tennessee. To Mr. and Mrs. Berryman have been born three children, Joseph L., Jacqueline A. and Margaret. The parents attend the Methodist Episcopal church and Mr. Berryman gives his political allegiance to the republican party but the honors and emoluments of office have never had any attraction for him. He has served, however, as school director and has been interested in having good schools in the district, for he regards public education as one of the nation's strongest bulwarks. His thought, purpose and energy have been concentrated upon his agricultural pursuits and the careful management of his interests has brought to him a substantial measure of success.

HARRY LASATER.

Harry Lasater, one of the large landowners of Walla Walla county, is a representative of a prominent pioneer family of this section and is a native of the county, his birth occurring May 18, 1865. His parents, James H. and Emily (Moore) Lasater, were born respectively in McMinn county, Tennessee, and in Illinois.

Harry Lasater attended the Walla Walla city schools and completed his education in Whitman Academy and in Whitman College. When about eighteen years old he began farming in partnership with his father and so continued for about six years. Since then he has been alone in his agricultural operations, and as the years have passed he has acquired additional holdings, until he is now one of the leading farmers of the Walla Walla valley. Following the death of his father he acquired by inheritance and purchase the old home farm of three hundred and sixty acres, and to this he added adjoining land until the place comprised five hundred and forty-three and a half acres. He has since sold four hundred and fifteen acres of that property, so that his home farm now includes but one hundred and twenty-seven acres. He also owns, however, five hundred and thirty-three acres of excellent wheat land on Birch creek, in Umatilla county, Oregon, ten miles southeast of Walla Walla, three hundred and twenty acres of timber land in Umatilla county and one thousand acres of wheat land near Prescott, in Walla Walla county. The fact that he gives close personal supervision to his extensive farming operations indicates that he manages his affairs in a systematic manner and that he possesses marked business ability. He is a director of the Farmers Savings Bank of Walla Walla and is a member of its finance board, and he is likewise a stockholder in the Whitehouse & Drumheller Company.

In 1897 occurred the marriage of Mr. Lasater and Miss Jessie Crawford, who was born in Walla Walla county but later was a resident of Umatilla county, Oregon. To this union have been born three children: Thelma May, who is a student in Whitman College; Wythel Mary, who is a student in the Walla Walla high school; and Jessie Orena, who is in the grade school.

Mr. Lasater has followed in his father's political footsteps and is a stanch adherent of the democratic party. At one time he was a candidate on its ticket for treasurer, and in his early manhood he filled the office of county road supervisor for three terms. Fraternally he belongs to Enterprise Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F., and Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Central Christian church and they give hearty support to the various phases of its activities. Both have passed their entire lives in the Pacific northwest and they are at all times loyal to its best interests.

WILLIAM RESER.

William Reser, a substantial farmer and representative citizen of Walla Walla county, living on section 4, township 6 north, range 35 east, came to the northwest from Davis county, Iowa, where he was born on the 18th of April, 1859, his parents being George and Mary (Waterman) Reser, who were reared and married in Iowa and in 1863 crossed the plains with horse teams to Washington. On reaching Walla Walla county the father homesteaded, securing one hundred and sixty acres of land in the valley near where is now seen the Whitman monument, and upon that place he and his wife lived until called to their final rest.

William Reser was a little lad of four years when the parents came to Washington. He acquired his education in one of the old-time log schoolhouses common at that frontier period. During his youth he rode the plains as a cowboy and he experienced all of the hardships and privations of frontier life. He has lived to witness marked transformation in all that pertains to agricultural progress and development in this section. An important event in his life occurred on Christmas day of 1883, at which date he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Kirkland, a daughter of Andrew J. Kirkland, who crossed the plains from Arkansas to Oregon in 1852 and became a resident of Walla Walla county, Washington, in 1864. Here he took up a homestead claim in the township where his daughter still resides, and upon that place he spent his remaining days.

Following his marriage Mr. Reser purchased land in Umatilla county, Oregon, and there carried on farming for seven years. On the expiration of that period he purchased a farm in township 6 north, Walla Walla county, and to his property has since added from time to time as his financial resources have increased until he and his wife today own three hundred and sixty-five acres, constituting one of the valuable farm properties of this section of the state. He has carefully tilled his fields and developed his farm and as the years have gone by his labors have brought good results. To the household were added two sons: Byron E., who is now engaged in the automobile business in Kennewick, Washington; and Raymond K., who is operating the home farm for his father.

In his political views Mr. Reser has long been a stalwart democrat and, while not an office seeker, he has served as a member of the school board. He is interested in the cause of public education and in all that pertains to progress and improvement along any desired line. He ranks with the leading and representative citizens of Walla Walla. There have been no spectacular phases in his career. Almost his entire life has been devoted to the quiet pursuit of farming and through energy and persistency of purpose he has won success. His business affairs are always carefully managed and directed and the integrity of his business methods in trade transactions is questioned by none. Those who know him, and he has a wide acquaintance, acknowledge his sterling worth.

HON. H. H. HANSON.

Hon. H. H. Hanson is a wide-awake and progressive business man who figures prominently in connection with the agricultural and financial interests of Walla Walla county. He is the president of the Touchet State Bank and since 1900 he has been actively identified with farming, giving his attention largely to fruit growing and to dairying. He is a representative of one of the old pioneer families of this section of the state. His birth occurred in New Hampshire, February 24, 1865, his parents being John and Frances Hanson. The father was a native of Maine, while the mother was born in the old Granite state and there she spent her entire life. In 1876 the father left New England and made his way westward to California, where he remained until 1879, when he came to Walla Walla county and entered the employ of Mr. Baker. Here he continued to reside until called to his final rest. In the family were but two children: H. H., of this review; and Ena, now deceased.

H. H. Hanson was reared and educated in the east, continuing his residence in that section of the country until 1883, when owing to the fact that his father was living in Washington, he made his way to this state. Here he entered the employ of the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company, which he represented as an operator until 1900. He preferred, however, to engage in business on his own account and in that year turned his attention to farming on the place on which he now resides on section 34, Hill township. Here he owns two hundred acres of alfalfa land and he is also engaged quite extensively in dairying and in fruit raising. He is thoroughly familiar with progressive methods of horticulture and his orchards indicate the most thorough and scientific care. His dairy interests, too, are characterized by the most capable management and the sanitary conditions that prevail make the products of his dairy a very much desired article. His business interests are wisely and carefully managed and he pursues with thoroughness anything that he undertakes, so that successful accomplishment crowns his labors.

In 1888 Mr. Hanson was united in marriage to Miss Lucinda Hall, a native of Pennsylvania, by whom he has twelve children, namely: Hayden, Fred, Preston, Ollie, Helen, Oliver, Francis, Allen, Ena May, Harry, Lawrence and Georgie.

Mr. Hanson is a member of the Grange and is interested in everything that has to do with advancing agricultural progress and welfare in the state. He thus cooperates in the organized movements to promote the interests of farmers and to promulgate knowledge that will render their labors of greatest effect in crop production and in stock raising. Moreover, Mr. Hanson is a recognized leader in the ranks of the republican party in Walla Walla county. For one term he filled the office of county commissioner and in 1908-9 he represented his district in the general assembly, where he gave careful consideration to all the vital questions that came up for settlement. His position upon any important subject is never an equivocal one. He does not hesitate to express his honest convictions and in fact he puts forth every effort to support his views and secure their adoption. In all matters of citizenship he is very progressive and has displayed as well the spirit of enterprise in all of his business undertakings, so that he now ranks with the leading bankers and farmers of his part of the state.

ORLANDO DEMARIS.

Orlando Demaris, who throughout his active business life followed farming but is now living retired in the city of Walla Walla, was born in Iowa on the 7th of January, 1851, and is a son of James and Eliza J. (White) Demaris, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Kentucky. They came to Washington in 1863 and located on a farm in Walla Walla county on Dry creek, where the father built a log cabin with a clapboard roof, board floor and stick chimney, which was the home of the family for several years. Later the parents removed to Walla Walla, where both died. In their family were twelve children, of whom nine still survive.

Orlando Demaris was twelve years of age when he accompanied his parents on their removal to Walla Walla county, where he grew to manhood and attended school. After completing his education he remained under the parental roof until he attained his majority, giving his father the benefit of his labors. He then purchased a farm and engaged in its operation until his retirement, since which time he has made his home in the city of Walla Walla. He is still the owner, however, of seven hundred acres of land, well improved and under cultivation.

In 1875 Mr. Demaris married Miss Mary M. Lewis, a native of Iowa, which state was also the birthplace of her parents, Reese and Mary (Jackson) Lewis, who brought their family to Walla Walla county in 1863 and settled on a farm, where they continued to make their home throughout the remainder of their lives. They had four children and three of the number are still living. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Demaris are as follows: Laura and Frankie, both deceased; David, Fred, Guy, Alva and Edwin. Guy and Alva are now in the government service at Fort Riley, Kansas. The three other sons now operate their father's farm.

By his ballot Mr. Demaris supports the men and measures of the democratic party and he has served as school director. He is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge at Dixie and his wife belongs to the Rebekahs, taking a very active and prominent part in its work. She is now past noble grand. They attend the Methodist Episcopal church and are held in the highest esteem by all who know them.

R. C. McCAW.

When one views the great and growing cities of the northwest it seems hardly credible that any living man should have witnessed the entire development of this section of the country. Yet personal knowledge of the wonderful progress of the northwest enables R. C. McCaw to speak with authority concerning the events which have shaped its history. He was born in Linn county, Oregon, on the 11th of February, 1856, at which time Washington was still a part of the territory of Oregon and all of this vast region was practically undeveloped. Its coal deposits were untouched, its forests uncut and its wealth and natural resources awaited the demands of the white men who were yet to penetrate within its borders. The Indians far outnumbered the white settlers and the most farsighted could not have dreamed of the marvelous transformation which would take place within a few decades until today the west is not only abreast with the east in all of its advantages and its opportunities but has taken a position of leadership along many lines. The parents of Mr. McCaw were William and Sarah (Findley) McCaw, the former a native of Indiana and the latter of Illinois. They were married in Illinois and in 1847 started across the plains with ox teams for Oregon, reaching Oregon City on the day of the Whitman massacre. During the latter part of the journey Mr. McCaw had suffered with fever and his attack was so severe that it burst one of his eyeballs and he was carried into Oregon City on a stretcher. Finally, however, he recovered and continued his residence in Linn county, Oregon, up to the time of his demise.

There R. C. McCaw was reared and educated, experiencing many of the hardships and privations incident to frontier life and the development of a farm under pioneer conditions. He attended the district schools but his opportunities for the acquirement of an education were very limited, as the school system had not then been developed. On his twenty-first birthday he was united in marriage to Miss Emma Gorsline, of Linn county, Oregon, who had come to the northwest with her parents in 1875, the family removing from Kansas. Following his marriage Mr. McCaw brought his bride to Walla Walla county and here they began their domestic life. For two years after his arrival he was employed as a farm hand and in 1879 he went to the Big Bend country and filed on the second homestead that was taken up in that section. There he lived for eighteen years, performing the arduous task of developing and cultivating a new farm. The work of improvement was carried on, however, year by year and he brought his land under a high state of cultivation and derived a good profit from his labors. In 1897 he sold his interests there and in February following he returned to Walla Walla county, where he purchased four hundred and thirty-six acres of land, constituting his present home farm, situated on section 1, township 9 north, range 36 east. Upon this place he has since resided and in the intervening period he has purchased more land from time to time as his financial resources have permitted and is now the owner of between eleven and twelve hundred acres, constituting one of the most valuable farm properties in the Touchet valley. He has placed splendid improvements upon his land and his farm presents a most attractive appearance with its highly cultivated fields, its well kept fences, its substantial buildings and all the accessories of a model farm of the twentieth century.

To Mr. and Mrs. McCaw have been born ten children, nine of whom are yet living, namely: William O., a farmer of Walla Walla county; Samuel E., also engaged in farming in this county; Edith M., the wife of Robert McSherry, of Toronto, Nevada; Fred L., Benjamin H. and Edward Guy, all of whom are engaged in farming in this county; Jay M., who is assisting in the operation of the home farm; and Sarah E. and Robert Glenn, both at home.

Politically Mr. McCaw is a republican, having given stalwart support to the party since age gave to him the voting privilege. He is a member of Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, F. & A. M., and exemplifies in his life the beneficent spirit of the craft. He and his wife are also consistent members of the Presbyterian church. The story of his life if written in detail would present a clear and interesting picture of the entire development of the northwest, for within his memory there has occurred a change so great as to seem almost magical. He can relate most interesting incidents of the early days and his name should be placed high on the record of honored pioneer settlers of this section of the country.

MARTIN MARBACH.

Martin Marbach, a farmer living on section 2, township 8 north, range 34 east, has been a resident of Walla Walla county for almost three decades and as the years have passed has prospered in his undertakings until he is now the owner of over two sections of wheat land. His birth occurred in Alsace-Lorraine on the 8th of February, 1863, and there he was reared to manhood, acquiring his education in the common schools of his native country.

In 1884, on attaining his majority, Mr. Marbach determined to try his fortune in the new world and crossed the Atlantic to the United States, landing in New York city. From the eastern metropolis he made his way westward to Missouri and for four years worked as a farm hand in Lafayette county, that state. The year 1888 witnessed his arrival in Walla Walla county, Washington, and here he secured employment, working for wages for a period of six years or until 1894. In that year, having carefully saved his earnings, he started out as an agriculturist on his own account, purchasing one hundred and sixty acres of his present home farm. From that period forward he prospered and kept adding to his holdings by additional purchase from time to time until he now owns two sections of wheat land and has won an enviable reputation as one of the substantial and enterprising agriculturists of the county. Close application and indefatigable energy have characterized him at all times, and the prosperity which he now enjoys is the merited reward of his intelligently directed activity.

On the 23d of October, 1894, Mr. Marbach was united in marriage to Miss Lizzie M. Rondema, of Walla Walla, by whom he has eight children, namely: Theodore, Margaret, Lizzie, Ludwine, Martin, Gertrude, Philip and George. Mrs. Marbach is a daughter of Andrew and Anna (Brower) Rondema, who were born, reared and married in Amsterdam, Holland, and came to America in 1870, locating first in Chicago, where Mr. Rondema engaged in business as a contractor and builder. In 1887 he came to Walla Walla and while residing in this state turned his attention to farming. Here he died in June, 1889, and his wife passed away in 1906. Of their ten children only two are now living, these being Mrs. Marbach and Theodore, a resident of Walla Walla. They were members of the Catholic church.

Mr. Marbach exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the democratic party, believing firmly in its principles. The religious faith of his family is that of the Catholic church and they attend church in Walla Walla. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to seek a home in the new world, for here he has found the opportunities which he sought and in their utilization has won a most creditable measure of success.

JAMES H. LASATER.

James H. Lasater became one of the pioneer residents and early attorneys of Walla Walla and for many years was closely associated with public events of importance which left their impress upon the growth, development and progress of city and state. He arrived in the northwest in April, 1863, and from that date until his death, or for a third of a century, was closely connected with interests which have had important bearing upon the progress and stable prosperity of Washington.

The birth of James H. Lasater occurred in McMinn county, Tennessee, on the 19th of October, 1823. He was reared in his native county, where he spent the period of his boyhood and youth and in fact there remained for a few years after reaching adult age. In 1850 he crossed the plains to California, where the gold fields were attracting thousands of fortune seekers, but in 1851 he returned to Tennessee, again making his way over the plains until he reached Illinois. Through the two following years he devoted his attention to the study of law under the direction of Judge William Kellogg in Canton and in Bloomington, Illinois, but in the fall of 1852 he again made his way westward, this time settling in Oregon City, Oregon, where he arrived in October. In 1855 he was admitted to the bar at Salem, Oregon, and became one of the well known attorneys of that section of the Sunset state.

There Mr. Lasater continued until April, 1863, when he removed to Walla Walla, where he opened a law office and entered upon the active practice of his profession. He was connected with much of the principal litigation heard in the courts of the district and was also prominent in public affairs. He was one of the leaders of the democratic party and was for years chairman of the county central committee. In 1864 he was elected district attorney but refused to qualify, and in 1869 he became a member of the legislature. He proved one of the ablest men in that body and contributed largely toward shaping the laws enacted in that session. In early manhood he had taken a medical course and received his degree and for a short time practiced, but disliking many features of the work, he abandoned that profession and turned his attention to law, in which he found a congenial field. He was quick to recognize the opportunity for becoming the owner of valuable lands open to the early settler and in the course of time acquired title to nineteen hundred acres in Walla Walla county and in Oregon. Much of his land is located in the richest part of Walla Walla valley and is now very valuable. He also owned city properties and was one of the men of affluence of Walla Walla county.

James H. Lasater was united in marriage to Miss Emily Moore, a native of Illinois, and for many years they traveled life's journey happily together, sharing with each other in the joys and sorrows, the adversity and prosperity which checker the careers of all. Mr. Lasater passed away on the 20th of August, 1896, and thus was brought to a close a life that had been instrumental in the upbuilding of his county along many lines. He was familiar with every phase of pioneer experience in the west and his spirit of enterprise and progress wrought results the benefits of which have been most lasting.

EDWARD BYRNES.

Edward Byrnes was a very substantial citizen of Walla Walla county whose death in 1916 was the occasion of deep and widespread regret. He belonged to that class who proudly wear the American title of a self-made man. He owed his progress and his prosperity entirely to his individual efforts, for he started out in life when very young and had no assistance from others as the years went on.

Mr. Byrnes was born in Ireland, February 2, 1833, and was a youth of but fifteen years when he bade adieu to friends and native land and sailed for the new world. For a time he was a resident of Pennsylvania, where he worked as a farm hand. While still a resident of that state he was united in marriage, in 1854, to Miss Elizabeth Estell, who is a native of Pennsylvania, and they traveled life's journey together for sixty-three years and six months, lacking ten days. They began their domestic life there and remained residents of the east until 1857, when they removed westward to Minnesota, establishing their home upon a farm. For five years they continued in that state and then crossed the plains in 1862 with team and covered wagon. Their destination was Baker county, Oregon, but after living there for about a year they made their way northward to the Walla Walla valley, where Mr. Byrnes engaged in the live stock business. Later he purchased land and to his widow he left a tract of five hundred and forty acres, constituting one of the well improved properties in Hill township, the place being located on section 34. He was a very energetic man, was never afraid of hard work and his persistency of purpose and intelligently directed effort brought to him a substantial measure of success.

Mr. and Mrs. Byrnes became the parents of the following children, four of whom still survive: John E., a resident of Gardena, Washington; Ellen, the wife of G. E. Crow of Richland, Washington; Addie E., the deceased wife of James Cummins; Albert, a stock farmer and administrator of the estate residing in Hill township, Walla Walla county; Caroline, the wife of George Accuntius of Starbuck; Allen, who was deputy under Sheriff Painter and was accidentally killed; and Winfield, deceased.

The family circle was again broken by the hand of death when on the 10th of November, 1916, Mr. Byrnes was called to the home beyond. As the architect of his own fortunes he builded wisely and well. In early life it was necessary that he practice the strictest economy in order to gain a start, but difficulties and obstacles did not discourage him and with persistent energy he worked his way upward, becoming one of the prosperous residents of Walla Walla county. His personal worth was widely attested by his many friends and he possessed a genial disposition and kindly spirit that gained for him the warm regard of all with whom he was brought in contact. His family attends the Congregational church and the hospitality of the best homes of the community is freely accorded them. For more than a half century the family has been represented in this county, the parents arriving in 1863, so that Mrs. Byrnes has long been a witness of the growth and development of this section of the state, while her memory forms a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present. She now has twenty-six grandchildren and forty-four great-grandchildren.

CHARLES SEELIGER.

Charles Seeliger is the owner of an excellent farm of one hundred and twenty acres on section 2, township 7 north, range 35 east, and during the period in which this place has been in his possession he has made many excellent improvements thereon, converting it into one of the model farm properties of the county. He was born on Long Island, New York, March 1, 1864, a son of August and Catherine (Tauber) Seeliger, both of whom were natives of Germany. They came to America in 1861 and settled in the state of New York, where they resided for fifteen years, and in 1876 they removed to Butler county, Iowa. Subsequently they became residents of Walla Walla county, Washington, and both passed away here.

Charles Seeliger was largely reared in Iowa, the public schools affording him his educational privileges. It was in 1888 that he came to the northwest, then a young man of twenty-four years, thinking to find good business opportunities in this section of the country. He first made his way to the city of Walla Walla and after a considerable period determined to engage in farming on his own account and in 1902 purchased the land upon which he now resides. He acquired one hundred and twenty acres, which is highly cultivated and splendidly improved. Most of the improvements have been put upon the place by Mr. Seeliger, who is a most progressive farmer and enterprising business man. His place presents a very neat and attractive appearance and constitutes one of the pleasing features of the landscape. His work is carefully performed and the results are certain by reason of the fact that his industry is guided by sound judgment.

In 1886, in Iowa, Mr. Seeliger was united in marriage to Miss Mary Ide, a native of that state, and they have become the parents of ten children, Paul, Frank, Esther, Hilda, William B., Mary, Charles, Lena, Louis and Margaret.

In his fraternal relations Mr. Seeliger is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Politically he is a republican and strongly endorses the principles of the party, for he believes that its platform contains the best elements of good government. He served on the school board for several years and he has ever been a faithful friend of the cause of public education. Mr. Seeliger came to the northwest empty-handed, but he possessed energy and perseverance and his persistency of purpose has enabled him to overcome all the obstacles and difficulties with which one is continually confronted in the business world. His worth as a citizen and as a business man is widely acknowledged by all who know him. His character is one which will bear the closest investigation and scrutiny and Walla Walla county has reason to be congratulated on the fact that he became one of its citizens. The opportunities of this section of the country he realized and he has done much to further public progress in the Inland Empire.

CASSIUS S. ROBINSON.

In the death of Cassius S. Robinson Walla Walla county lost one of its honored pioneer settlers--one who participated in the early Indian wars and took part in many of the events which shaped the pioneer history of this section of the state. He was born in Sidney Center, Maine, in 1847, a son of Seth and Harriett (Frost) Robinson. The family is of Scotch and English descent. The parents spent their entire lives in Maine, where they reared their family of five children.

Cassius S. Robinson left his native state when a youth of eighteen years and made his way westward to Chicago, where he resided for a number of years. He afterward remained in various cities of the middle west until 1876, when attracted by the opportunities of the growing west, he came to Washington, settling in Walla Walla county, where he remained until his death. He always took an active part in community affairs and his aid and influence were always on the side of progress and improvement. He joined the volunteers at the time of the Nez Percé Indian war and rendered distinguished aid in subduing the Indians and reclaiming the region for the purposes of civilization. Mr. Robinson was a painter and glazier by trade and in Walla Walla engaged in business along that line until about fifteen years before his death when he retired. His activities were carefully directed and the success which he achieved and enjoyed was attributable entirely to his capability and skill in his chosen trade. Mr. Robinson was one of the directors of the Third National Bank of Walla Walla and was such at the time of his death.

In 1886 Mr. Robinson was united in marriage to Miss Laura Cornwell, who was a daughter of James M. and Mary Ann (Stott) Cornwell. She survives her husband and is widely and favorably known in Walla Walla, where she has an extensive circle of warm friends. On the 4th of December, 1915, she was called upon to mourn the loss of her husband, who on that day was called to his final rest. He was a member of the Foresters and of the Masonic fraternity and exemplified in his life the beneficent spirit of the craft which is based upon a recognition of the brotherhood of man. He was ever ready to extend a helping hand where aid was needed and he possessed many sterling traits of character which won for him the high regard, confidence and goodwill of all with whom he was associated.

Since her husband's death Mrs. Robinson has resided in Walla Walla, where she is well known. She is a member of the Sunshine Club; the Shakespeare Club; the Eastern Star; and the Presbyterian church. She is also an active worker for the Red Cross. During the latter years of his life Mr. and Mrs. Robinson spent much time in travel, making a trip to Europe in 1910 during the Oberammergau sacred festival which they saw. They also visited Alaska and spent much time on the Sound and several winters in California.

BEN M. TURNER.

Ben M. Turner is a self-made man of Columbia county who from pioneer times has been identified with the agricultural development and with kindred interests in southeastern Washington. Starting out empty-handed, he possessed energy and determination, together with a keen sagacity that has enabled him to recognize and utilize opportunities which others have passed heedlessly by. He now resides on section 19, township 11 north, range 40 east, in Columbia county, and has become well known as a farmer, as a breeder of Belgian horses and as a grain dealer and warehouse man. He was born in Scotland county, Missouri, March 15, 1854, a son of John and Mary (Powers) Turner, the former a native of Virginia, while the latter was born in Indiana. They were married, however, in Missouri, having removed with their respective parents to that state in early life. In 1865 they crossed the plains with ox teams to Oregon, being six months in making the journey. On their arrival they located in Yamhill county, that state, where they lived for about six years and in March, 1871, came to Washington. They took up their abode on Whiskey creek, in what is now Columbia county but was then a part of Walla Walla county, and the father preempted a quarter section of land, upon which he continued to reside until called to his final home.

Ben M. Turner was educated in the district schools but his opportunities in that direction were quite limited. He was a youth of eleven years at the time of the emigration to the northwest and he became an active factor in assisting his father in the arduous task of developing and improving a new farm. Day after day saw him in the fields working to break the sod and cultivate crops, and on reaching his twenty-first year he began farming for himself. He purchased a quit claim to a preemption of one hundred and sixty acres, on which he proved up, and with that tract as a beginning he had extended his farm holdings until he was one of the largest landowners of this section of the state. Of recent years, however, he has disposed of all but two sections of land, which is now being operated by tenants. He retired from active farming, although for many years he was extensively and successfully engaged in the tilling of the soil. He not only brought his fields under a high state of cultivation and demonstrated the possibility of producing fine crops in this section of the state but he also engaged in the breeding of Belgian horses. He secured two of the best mares in the northwest and his horses afterward received awards at the Washington State Fair at North Yakima, the Walla Walla fair and the Cascade Stock Show at North Yakima. In fact he has won premiums on his stock at many fairs in the northwest. Since retiring from active farm work he has given his attention to the grain business and owns and operates an elevator at Turner and is also in charge of the warehouses of the Portland Milling Company at Turner, handling about two hundred and fifty thousand bushels of grain in 1916. He is thus connected with extensive and important business interests, which are carefully directed, for he is a man of sound judgment, keen discrimination and of unfaltering industry.

In January, 1905, Mr. Turner was married to Miss Anna Brofsky, of Dayton. He belongs to Columbia Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M., and Dayton Chapter, No. 5, R. A. M., and is a most worthy follower of the craft, exemplifying in his life its beneficent teachings concerning the brotherhood of mankind and the obligations thereby imposed. In politics he has always been a democrat but never has he sought public office, preferring to concentrate his energies and attention upon his business interests, which have gained him place among the most substantial citizens of southeastern Washington.

CHARLES M. TAYLOR.

Charles M. Taylor, who in former years was prominently and actively associated with the agricultural development of Walla Walla county, is now living retired in Waitsburg, having put aside the more active work of the fields in order to enjoy a rest which he has truly earned and richly merits. His former activities brought to him a comfortable competence, so that he is now enabled to meet all of the necessities of life and also to enjoy many of its luxuries.

Mr. Taylor was born in Johnson county, Missouri, January 10, 1859, a son of Simon and Harriet (Burgess) Taylor, both of whom were natives of West Virginia. In young manhood, or about the time he attained his majority, the father removed westward to Missouri. The mother accompanied her parents to that state when she was but two years of age. There she was reared and eventually they were married in Missouri, where they resided until 1880, when they started for the west, accompanied by their five sons and daughter-in-law, Mrs. C. M. Taylor. Besides the five sons there was one daughter born to them in Missouri but she remained in that state. The family continued their journey to the Sunset state, arriving in Walla Walla on the 20th of March, 1880. The father brought with him some capital and here he purchased a farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Wilson Hollow, about six miles southeast of Waitsburg. With the assistance of his sons he at once began the development and improvement of that place and not long afterward he bought a half section of land, which he and his sons continued to cultivate for a number of years. The father then had the misfortune to lose a leg which was cut off in a horse power machine. His sons then persuaded him to leave the farm and remove to Waitsburg that he might be free of all care and responsibility, and there the last seven or eight years of his life were passed. He died in 1899, while his widow survived him for a considerable period, passing away on the 1st of August, 1911. They were worthy pioneer people of this section of the country, enjoyed the respect and goodwill of all who knew them and Mr. Taylor contributed in no small degree to the agricultural progress in pioneer times.

Charles M. Taylor was reared to manhood in Missouri, being about twenty-one years of age when the family started for the west. He pursued a public school education in his native state and on the 4th of February, 1880, he was united in marriage to Miss Nannie White, a native daughter of Johnson county, Missouri. Within less than a month he and his bride started on their wedding journey to Washington, accompanying his father and brothers, and after reaching this state Charles M. Taylor worked for two years on the Baker Railroad. He was also employed on the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company's line, after which he concentrated his attention upon farming.

In 1890 Mr. Taylor made his first purchase of land, becoming owner of two hundred acres, which he bought at thirty dollars per acre. This was situated two and a half miles from Waitsburg and is located in Wilson Hollow, the Walla Walla and Columbia county division line passing through his property. Subsequently he bought one hundred and eight acres adjoining, making his home place a valuable tract of three hundred and eight acres. For the the second purchase he paid ninety-five dollars per acre, but today he would refuse one hundred and fifty dollars per acre for the entire farm. In addition to his interests in Walla Walla county he owns six hundred and forty acres in Dawson county, Montana, and an equity in one hundred and sixty acres in the mountains. His farming interests have always been wisely and carefully conducted. He has brought his fields under a high state of cultivation and well kept fences divide his place into tracts of convenient size for development. He practices the rotation of crops and the latest improved methods of farming and understands the scientific principles which underlie his work. His efforts are of a most practical character and it seems that he makes the wisest possible use of his time and opportunities. In addition to his farming interests he became one of the incorporators of the Exchange Bank of Waitsburg and was elected a member of the board of directors, in which capacity he has since served.

To Mr. and Mrs. Taylor was born a daughter, Estella, who is now the wife of Milan Smith, a merchant of Waitsburg. They also have a foster daughter whom they have reared from a child of four years--Isabelle Taylor, who is a graduate of the Waitsburg high school and is now at home.

Mr. Taylor belongs to Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, A. F. & A. M., also to Touchet Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F., while his wife is connected with the Order of the Eastern Star and also with the Rebekah degree of Odd Fellows. Mr. Taylor left the farm and removed to Waitsburg in 1900, after which he continued to operate his land from that point until 1917. He is now living retired, however, leaving the care and management of the property to others. He is one of Waitsburg's foremost citizens. He has one of the handsome homes of the town, with all modern improvements, and he is enjoying in the fullest degree the comforts of life. His success is indeed well merited, for it has been honorably won and his life record proves what may be accomplished when there is a will to dare and to do. He had no assistance when he started out for himself, but he early learned to place his dependence upon industry and indomitable energy and his progressive farming methods enabled him year by year to add to his capital until he is now the possessor of a substantial competence that classes him with the more successful men of Walla Walla county.

FRANCIS M. LOWDEN.

A notably successful career is that of Francis M. Lowden, who is engaged in farming and stock raising and still remains an active factor in business, although he has passed the eighty-sixth milestone on life's journey. He was born in Boone county, Kentucky, February 7, 1832, but much of his youth was passed in Brown county, Illinois, where he resided until 1849, when at the age of seventeen years he crossed the plains with a party of four. The young men traveled on horseback, bringing with them a light wagon pulled by four horses to carry their effects. They first went to Sacramento and from that point Mr. Lowden proceeded to Downieville, where he followed placer mining for a season. Later he went to Nevada City and in 1851 he returned to Sacramento, where he invested the proceeds of his successful mining ventures in mules and engaged in packing, a business which he followed profitably for twenty-one years. His train conveyed freight into various parts of California, Nevada, Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Montana and thus he became familiar with all of the west and its development. Hostile bands of Indians who were on marauding expeditions throughout the country were a menace to him, but by continued watchfulness he managed to avoid loss, standing guard himself and never trusting hired help to this duty. He allowed no fires to be built near his herd and his constant care was rewarded by success. In 1878 he sold his packing business and established his home between Walla Walla and Wallula, Washington, where he engaged in raising and dealing in cattle, but in 1880 he lost about ninety per cent of his herds. He did not allow himself to become discouraged but with resolute purpose sought to retrieve his losses and purchased about five thousand acres of land in Walla Walla valley with the view of again engaging in the business on an extensive scale. By means of ditches he brought water into every field of this vast tract and soon developed a most excellent stock ranch. This land is still in possession of the family, being owned by the Lowden Company, which was incorporated for the purpose of raising horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. They have imported many costly thoroughbred animals, never sparing expense to secure the best stock, and they have done much to promote the standards of stock raising in Washington. They have high grade horses, cattle, hogs and sheep upon their place and theirs is one of the leading stock ranches in southeastern Washington. Mr. Lowden has ever been a very active and enterprising man, possessed of courage, fortitude and resourcefulness--the characteristics of the true pioneer. Moreover, he is a very efficient business man, alert and enterprising and watchful of every opportunity pointing to success. His interests have ever been most wisely and carefully controlled and his sound judgment has ever stood as an important feature in his progress.

Notwithstanding his large private interests, Mr. Lowden has always found time to perform well the duties of a citizen and member of society. He served as county commissioner for seven years and was a member of the state penitentiary board which built the third wing and the outbuildings, the stables, etc., of the penitentiary. In spite of opposition, he succeeded with the help of others in building a jute mill at the penitentiary in order to give employment to the prisoners and in placing the mill in successful operation. He was also a member of the school board for ten years and has ever been a faithful and loyal friend of public education.

In May, 1868, Mr. Lowden was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary E. Noon, who was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, but was reared in California. They have become the parents of three children, namely: Marshall J., Francis M., Jr., and Hettie Irene. Mr. Lowden is a stanch adherent of the Masonic fraternity and exemplifies in his life the beneficent spirit of the craft. He is still very active, although he has now reached the age of eighty-six years. Old age need not necessarily suggest idleness nor want of occupation. There is an old age which grows stronger mentally and morally as the years go on and gives out of its rich store of wisdom and experience for the benefit of others. Such is the record of Mr. Lowden. He keeps in touch with the trend of modern thought and progress and in spirit and interests seems yet in his prime. His life should serve to inspire and encourage many others who at a much younger age grow weary and endeavor to shift to other shoulders the burdens that they should bear.

J. A. MACLACHLAN, M. D.

Dr. J. A. MacLachlan, for many years actively and successfully engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery in Dayton, was born near Springfield, in the province of Ontario, Canada, in 1860. After acquiring a public school education in his native country he became a student in the University of Michigan, where he pursued his professional course, winning the degree of M. D. upon graduation with the class of 1889. He had studied the homeopathic methods and following his graduation at once began a search for a suitable location. Making his way westward, he decided to establish his home in Columbia county and has since been identified with the medical profession in southeastern Washington. Through the long years of his residence in Dayton he has occupied a foremost place among the medical practitioners. He is extremely modest and free from ostentation but public opinion establishes his position and colleagues and contemporaries acknowledge him the peer of the ablest physicians and surgeons of the Inland Empire. He was elected to the position of vice president of the state board of medical examiners and he belongs to the Washington State Medical Society, thus keeping in touch with the trend of modern professional thought, research and investigation.

Dr. MacLachlan was united in marriage to Miss Daisy Ping, a daughter of Robert Ping, one of the well known pioneer settlers of Columbia county, and with his family he occupies an attractive home in Dayton. He belongs to the Dayton Club and has been identified with many movements looking to the welfare and betterment of his community. He stands at all times for progress and improvement and his aid and influence are given on the side of those activities which are a matter of civic virtue and of civic pride. He served in 1890 and 1891 as health officer of Columbia county. He is well known as a leading member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Odd Fellows lodges, having been identified with those organizations for many years.

JOHN McFEELY.

John McFeely, of Walla Walla, has for years been one of the city's prominent business men, and he is also connected with the agricultural interests of the county, being the owner of a large farm devoted to the raising of wheat. He has resided in the city for many years and has an unusually wide acquaintance here and throughout the county as well. His birth occurred in Fairfield, Ohio, near Dayton, March 3, 1868, and he is a son of John and Ann (Miller) McFeely. He received his public school education in the Buckeye state and in youth learned the blacksmith trade. He then started west to seek his fortune, being convinced that there were better opportunities for advancement in the country west of the Mississippi river than in the east. For a time he lived in Kansas and then returned to Ohio, but could not be content there and removed to Portland, Oregon, whence he came to Walla Walla, Washington, in the spring of 1891. Here he found employment as a horseshoer, but in the fall of 1891 he went to Milton, Oregon, where he worked in the same line.

Subsequently Mr. McFeely returned to Walla Walla and bought an interest in the horseshoeing shop of D. Sloan, now known as the Wigwam, and then located at the corner of Second and Alder streets, where the Drumheller four-story brick block now stands. The horseshoeing business was booming and returned good profit to its owner. At length Mr. McFeely purchased the lots on the corner of Fourth and Alder streets, then known as the old Baldwin property, at that time covered with a growth of locust trees. He cleared the timber and there erected a shoeing shop, where he engaged in business for a considerable period. Later he built a one-story brick building which he used as a shoeing shop until he erected the McFeely Hotel, which is a three-story building with basement. It is thoroughly modern in its appointments and is well patronized. He also owns eight hundred acres of excellent wheat land in Dry Hollow, near Prescott, all under cultivation and well improved. He resides in one of the attractive homes at the edge of the city of Walla Walla, and takes a justifiable pride therein. The grounds comprise two acres and contain several cold water springs and a trout lake. The many large shade trees add much to the comfort and beauty of the place.

Mr. McFeely was married December 9, 1899, to Miss Martha Besserer, a daughter of the Hon. Charles and Ida (Sanderson) Besserer, who are mentioned on another page of this volume. To Mr. and Mrs. Besserer were born seven children, of whom three survive, namely: Charles, a resident of California; Lucile, the wife of A. McAlaster, also of California; and Mrs. McFeely. The latter is the mother of two children: Martha Yvonne, who was born August 5, 1903, and is now in high school; and John Miller, born September 9, 1907.

Mr. McFeely possesses the qualities that command respect and win regard, and he has been honored by election to the office of president of the National Association of Master Horseshoers. Fraternally he belongs to the Elks, and he and his wife both hold membership in the Protestant Episcopal church. He has been quick to recognize opportunities, prompt and energetic in taking advantage thereof, and as the result of his sound judgment and enterprise he is now financially independent.

C. A. HOLLENBECK.

C. A. Hollenbeck is now living retired in Asotin but for a long period was actively identified with ranching in Washington. In 1912, however, he put aside the work of the farm and has since spent his days in the enjoyment of a well earned rest. A native of New York, he was born in Cortland county, December 18, 1845, a son of Casper C. and Henrietta (Egbertson) Hollenbeck, who were also natives of Cortland county, New York. The great-grandfather in the Egbertson line was a soldier of the Revolutionary war and also of the War of 1812. He passed away in Cortland county, New York, at the advanced age of ninety years. The grandfather of C. A. Hollenbeck in the paternal line was a native of Holland, and on coming to the new world settled in Cortland county, New York, where he followed the occupation of farming until his death. His son, Casper C., was also a farmer and with his family removed westward to Sedalia, Missouri, where he and his wife lived retired. There he passed away in the spring of 1881.

C. A. Hollenbeck acquired a public school education in New York and assisted in the work of the farm from early boyhood, taking his place behind the plow almost as soon as old enough to reach the plow handles. He left home in 1868 and made his way to Linn county, Iowa, where he resided for two years, devoting his attention to general agricultural pursuits there. In 1870 he removed to Ness county, Kansas, where he hunted buffaloes and antelope while working with the Texas cattle. He devoted eleven years to herding on the plains of Kansas and in 1881 he arrived in Washington, taking up his abode in what was then Columbia but is now Asotin county. He took up a preemption claim in the Montgomery Ridge district and during his active identification with agricultural pursuits he accumulated thirteen hundred and sixty acres of land in Asotin county, of which he has since sold all but three hundred and twenty acres, now being cultivated and managed by his son. In 1912 Mr. Hollenbeck retired from active business life and took up his abode in the city of Asotin, where he now occupies an attractive modern residence and is living retired, enjoying the fruits of his former toil in a well earned rest.

Mr. Hollenbeck was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Story, a native of Onondaga county, New York, who passed away November 1, 1917, her death being deeply regretted not only by her immediate family but also by many friends, for she was a lady of excellent traits of heart and mind, kindly in manner and generous in spirit and most devoted to the members of her own household. She found her greatest happiness in providing for the comfort of her husband and children and her memory is enshrined in the hearts of all who knew her.

"I cannot say and I will not say That she is dead. She is just away! With a cheery smile and a wave of the hand She has wandered into an unknown land, And left us dreaming how very fair It needs must be since she lingers there."

Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hollenbeck: Carrie, the wife of Henry Talbott, a rancher living in Asotin county; Martha, the wife of William McMullan, who has a ranch near Spokane; Ettie, the wife of Jake Blyen, who is a ranch owner at Crabtree, Oregon; Casper J., who married Rose Miller and follows ranching in Asotin county; Frank, who married Maggie Venette and lives in Asotin county, managing the old home ranch, in addition to which he owns nine hundred acres; George H., who married Ethel M. Cannon and resides in Canada; and Mary, the wife of H. L. McMillan, of Asotin county.

In politics Mr. Hollenbeck has been a republican from the days of Abraham Lincoln, whom he saw at Syracuse, New York, on his way to take the presidential chair in Washington in 1861. His has been an active and useful life in which his business affairs have been wisely directed, his efforts proving an element in the growth and progress of the section of the state in which he lives, and among its valued and representative citizens he is numbered.

JAMES P. WATSON.

Among the valued citizens of Garfield county who have been called to their final rest was numbered James P. Watson, who lived on section 33, township 13 north, range 43 east, and was closely associated with the agricultural development and improvement of this section of the state. He was born in England on the 31st of December, 1854, and was a son of Porter and Susan (Talbot) Watson, both of whom were natives of England, where they spent their entire lives. James P. Watson was educated in the public schools of his native country and in 1871, when a youth of seventeen years, bade adieu to friends and country in order to come to the United States. He first made his way to Kansas, where he remained for four years, and in 1875 he came west to the Pacific coast country. He did not at once make a final settlement, however, but cast around for a desirable location and in the meantime worked for wages, thus becoming a factor in the business life of the community.

In 1877 Mr. Watson took up his abode in what is now Garfield county and the following spring filed on a homestead, which he continued to own throughout his remaining days and on which his widow still lives. He was a man of energy and was ambitious to succeed. Indolence and idleness were utterly foreign to his nature. Every hour was utilized to the best advantage and as the years passed he prospered, so that from time to time he was able to add to his homestead by additional purchase until prior to his death he had become the owner of about a thousand acres of valuable pasture and wheat land in Garfield county. Mr. Watson had come to this country as a youth without money and without friends, but he employed every moment of his time to good advantage, realizing the eternal principle that industry wins. He also carefully saved his earnings and invested the money thus gained wisely and well, so that in the course of years he acquired a snug little fortune. Moreover, he was a broad reader and deep thinker and became well informed on public affairs. When he crossed the Atlantic it was to become an American citizen, not to remain a subject of Great Britain, although he never lost his love for his native land. He ever felt that his allegiance should be given to the land of his adoption, under whose laws he lived and found protection, and he ever stood for those plans and measures which sought to upbuild the community in which he resided, to advance the welfare of the commonwealth and of the country.

In 1880 Mr. Watson was united in marriage to Miss Emma I. Perkins, a native of Oregon and a daughter of John N. Perkins, who was a physician and philanthropist. Her father was a native of Ohio and crossed the plains in 1851, settling in Oregon. In 1878 he came to what is now Garfield county, establishing his home on the present site of Pomeroy. His grandfather, Thomas Perkins, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. The mother of Mrs. Watson bore the maiden name of Derisa A. Matsler and was a native of Ohio, where her marriage to Mr. Perkins occurred. She afterward made the journey across the plains with her husband to the northwest. She had three brothers--George, David and John, who served throughout the Civil war in defense of the Union. To Mr. and Mrs. Watson were born thirteen children, of whom two died in infancy, and Inez D., who married J. C. Kimble died leaving two sons, Vergel L. and Cecyl L. Those still living are as follows: Charles E., Alva N., Elsie I., James A., William C., Edna E., John P., Joseph F., Iva N. and Alma M. Most of the children are married and with their families they are all residing in Garfield county, with the exception of James A., who is now a resident of Whitman county. Mrs. Watson now has seventeen grandchildren. She is a woman of pronounced ability who has capably managed her property interests since the death of her husband, which occurred on the 5th of September, 1915.

Mr. Watson was a man of sterling character, was a devoted husband and kind and loving father. He was also an obliging and charitable neighbor and his many sterling traits of character gained for him the esteem and confidence of all with whom he came in contact. In politics he was a democrat until the free silver plank was inserted in the party platform, after which he became a supporter of republican principles. He never failed to earnestly espouse any cause in which he believed and his position was never an equivocal one. He expressed his opinions honestly and fearlessly and men came to know that his word was thoroughly reliable. He never had occasion to regret his determination to come to the new world, for on this side of the Atlantic he found the opportunities which he sought and in their utilization won a substantial measure of success. Moreover, America gained a valued citizen and southeastern Washington profited much by his efforts.

JOHN M. ROBINSON.

Among the representative business men of Garfield county is John M. Robinson, a well known farmer and grain dealer of Pomeroy. He comes from the middle west, being born in Missouri, September 6, 1859, and is a son of Thomas W. and Pauline (Forshey) Robinson, the former also a native of Missouri and the latter of Ohio. It was in 1874 that the family came to the Pacific coast and after spending three years and a half in California became residents of Walla Walla county, Washington, in 1877. About a year later the father took up a homestead in what was then Columbia county but is now Garfield county, locating on a farm fifteen miles southeast of Pomeroy. There the mother passed away in 1878 and he died in Pomeroy in February, 1892. Of their nine children four have also departed this life.

John M. Robinson was fifteen years of age when the family located in California and in the schools of that state he began his education, continuing his studies in Walla Walla county after their removal to this state. He remained under the parental roof until twenty-two years of age and then in 1881 took up a preemption claim, which is now within the city limits of Pomeroy and he still owns eighty acres of that. He engaged in farming until 1885, at which time he took twenty head of work horses to California and spent one year in that state. He then returned to Washington and purchased another farm, living thereon until 1892. Since then he has made his home in Pomeroy, where he bought a warehouse and has engaged in buying grain. He is now the owner of four thousand and ninety-five acres of land, all improved and under cultivation.

Mr. Robinson was married in 1881 to Miss Melinda F. McKey, a native of Kansas and a daughter of Rev. W. P. and Jane (Wilkinson) McKey, and to this union have been born seven children, namely: Walter J.; Josie May, now the wife of D. A. Taylor; Clare Marie, the wife of P. C. Clark of Walla Walla; Dora Bell, the wife of G. Z. Ickes, Jr.; Ruth, the wife of J. D. Lyon, Jr.; Vernon H. and Florestine, at home.

Mr. and Mrs. Robinson are active and consistent members of the Christian church of Pomeroy and he is serving as one of its elders. He is also prominently identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having filled all of the chairs in Pomeroy Lodge, No. 16. In business affairs he has steadily prospered until he is now the possessor of a handsome fortune and the success that has come to him is but the just reward of his own industry, fair dealing and good management, for he is a man of good business and executive ability and sound judgment.

RICHARD D. ROBERTS.

More than a century ago Washington said that agriculture is the most useful as well as the most honorable occupation of man, while Thomas Jefferson said, "The hope of the nation lies in the tillers of the soil." It is a well known fact that agriculture is the basis of all advancement and prosperity and no country reaches the highest point of its attainment if its farm lands are not properly and carefully cultivated. Among those progressive men who are now concentrating their efforts and attention upon the further development of the soil in Walla Walla county is Richard D. Roberts, who has extensive farming interests on section 13, township 9 north, range 37 east. He was born upon this farm January 6, 1875, and is a son of David and Jane (Anderson) Roberts. The father was a native of Wales and came to the United States in young manhood. He made his way westward to Illinois, where he took up his abode and there he formed the acquaintance of Jane Anderson, who was a native of that state. They were married and about 1870 they left Illinois for Oregon. After spending one year in Forest Grove of the latter state they came north to Washington and for a year were residents of Waitsburg. At the end of that time David Roberts purchased one hundred and sixty acres of the home farm upon which his son Richard now resides. Not long afterward he preempted an eighty-acre tract adjoining the original purchase and then bought another eighty acres, continuing to give his time, attention and energy to his farming interests until his death, which occurred in December, 1898. For several years he had survived his wife, who passed away in 1892.

At the usual age Richard D. Roberts became a pupil in the district schools and there mastered the elementary branches of learning. He afterward attended the public schools of Waitsburg and also spent one term as a student in the Waitsburg Academy. In the spring of 1898, prior to his father's death, he took over the management and development of the home farm, which he has since operated. He owns a five-sevenths interest in the home place, together with a half interest in another farm of five hundred and twenty acres in Columbia county. He also has two hundred and forty acres in the Imperial valley of California. He cultivates the home place of three hundred and thirty-five acres, the Columbia county farm of five hundred and twenty acres, of which he owns a half interest, and he leases five hundred and eighty acres, thus farming in all fourteen hundred and thirty-five acres of land in the Inland Empire. His extensive operations are most carefully and wisely conducted. Scientific methods underlie his work. He early realized the fact that farm interests should be as carefully systematized as a commercial undertaking and in all of his work he is methodical and progressive. His farm machinery is of the latest improved kind and there is no accessory of a model farm property of the twentieth century that is not to be found upon his place.

In 1900 Mr. Roberts was united in marriage to Miss Myrtle Bateman, a daughter of Henry Bateman, who was one of the earliest of Walla Walla county's pioneers, first coming here in 1849 and the following year settling on a claim on Coppei creek. He was an Indian war veteran and one of the conspicuous figures in the early pioneer life of Walla Walla county. His demise occurred in Waitsburg in December, 1915. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts now have two sons, Harold and Henry.

In politics Mr. Roberts maintains an independent course, not caring to bind himself by party ties. He belongs to Waitsburg Lodge, F. & A. M.; to Touchet Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F.; and to the Ancient Order of United Workmen; and his wife holds membership in the Methodist church. Their lives are guided by high and honorable principles and in all business affairs Mr. Roberts is regarded as thoroughly reliable as well as energetic. His life record is as an open book. He has always lived in this section of the state, has always carried on general agricultural pursuits, and although there are no spectacular phases in his career, he has ever been regarded as a substantial and valued citizen because of his loyalty to the best interests of the community and his cooperation in plans and measures which are calculated to advance and uphold civic standards.

JAMES H. BOWLES.

The consensus of public opinion names James H. Bowles among the leading citizens of Walla Walla county. He is the owner of a valuable farming property and also of a fine residence in Prescott, where he makes his home. He was born in Warren county, Missouri, November 11, 1854, and is a son of Thomas H. and Lucinda (Gibson) Bowles, the former a native of Virginia, while the latter was born in Missouri. They became the parents of eight children, six of whom survive, but both the father and mother died in Missouri.

James H. Bowles was reared and educated in the state of his nativity and had reached the age of thirty-five years when in the spring of 1889 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington. He established his home in Prescott and later he bought a farm of one hundred and eighty acres, which he has carefully and persistently cultivated, bringing the entire place under a high state of development. Upon the farm are excellent improvements and everything about the place indicates the careful supervision of a practical and progressive owner. He makes his home, however, in Prescott, where he owns an attractive residence. His business affairs have been carefully managed and his thorough reliability has gained for him the respect and confidence of all, while unfaltering energy has furthered his prosperity.

On the 14th of November, 1880, Mr. Bowles was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Reavis, a native of Missouri and a daughter of Woodson Reavis. They have become the parents of the following children: Thomas Woodson, who died at the age of seven months; Mary Almeda, the wife of J. T. Janes, who is living near Prescott; James William, residing near Prescott, who married Lillian N. Coble and has one child, James Eugene; Sarah Ann, who is the wife of F. E. Grubb, also living near Prescott, and they have two children, Ora Vale and James Roy; Virginia Frances, who is the wife of Vergil N. Harris, of Prescott, and has two children, Genevra Elizabeth and Virginia Ann; one child who died at the age of nine months; Pearl Margaret, who is the wife of C. L. Jones, living near Prescott, and they have five children, William Lawrence, Dale Walter, Ernest Monroe, Alma Elizabeth and James Dewey; Archie Eugene, who married Elizabeth Helms and resides in Prescott; Walter Jennings, who married Fay Hazel Nail; and Elizabeth.

Both Mr. and Mrs. Bowles are faithful members of the Christian church and take an active interest in its work, while contributing generously to its support. In politics Mr. Bowles is a democrat and has been called upon to fill public office. He has served as a member of the city council of Prescott; has also been a member of the school board; and was deputy assessor for two years. Fraternally he is connected with the Woodmen of the World. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to establish his home in the northwest, for here he found the opportunities which he sought and in the business conditions of this section of the country he has so directed his efforts that a most substantial competence has been acquired.

BERT LOGAN JONES, B. S., M. D., C. M.

The alumni of McGill University are found in all sections of the American continent. The thorough training of that school well qualifies its students for the various lines of work which they may undertake and in the main the graduates of that institution have been most successful. Dr. Bert Logan Jones is among the number who are actively engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery in Walla Walla. Pennsylvania numbers him among her native sons, his birth having occurred in Allegheny on the 11th of May, 1882, his parents being Reuben Reynolds and Maggie Elizabeth Jones. With the removal of the family to the west he became a pupil in the public schools and was graduated from the Baker school in 1898. He then continued his education in the Washington State College and won the Bachelor of Science degree in 1907. He afterward entered McGill University as a medical student and was graduated from the Montreal institution with the degree of M. D., C. M. He has since practiced his profession in Walla Walla and in 1914 he was appointed surgeon in the state penitentiary. In general practice he has made for himself a creditable position. He is thoroughly conversant with the latest discoveries and scientific researches that have to bear upon medical and surgical practice, is most careful in the diagnosis of his cases and seldom if ever at fault in matters of judgment regarding the outcome of disease. Moreover, he holds to the highest professional standards and his course has been an expression of the most advanced ethics of the profession.

On the 25th of December, 1916, in Pullman, Washington, Dr. Jones was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Elliott Hays, a daughter of the Rev. W. G. M. Hays, D. D. Dr. Hays was the founder of the United Presbyterian church and the academy at Waitsburg, Washington, in 1886 and was the organizer of the United Presbyterian church at Olympia in 1895. He also founded the United Presbyterian church at Pullman, Washington, in 1898 and remained as pastor there for eighteen years. He has thus had much to do with the moral progress and development of this section and in his labors has not been denied the full harvest nor the aftermath of his efforts. Mrs. Jones was graduated from the Washington State College in 1906, from the State Normal School at Cheney, Washington, in 1912, and from 1906 until 1916 taught in the graded and high schools of this state.

Dr. and Mrs. Jones hold membership in the First Presbyterian church of Walla Walla and he belongs to the Walla Walla Commercial Club and to the Masonic fraternity, associations which indicate much of the nature of his interests and the rules which govern his conduct. He is a man of genuine personal worth, esteemed by all who know him and most of all where he is best known. While he holds to high professional standards and gives the greater part of his attention to his profession, he also recognizes and meets the duties and obligations of citizenship and in many ways has cooperated in bringing about public welfare and improvement.

JOHN P. KENT.

While for many years Mr. Kent was one of the best known and most prominent business men of Walla Walla, he always found time to cooperate in public interests and the waterworks and the park systems of the city were largely due to his initiative and to his untiring effort. His determined purpose and indefatigable energy enabled him to accomplish whatever he undertook and his worth in matters of citizenship as well as in business circles was widely acknowledged.

Mr. Kent was born in Boston, Massachusetts, June 29, 1858, and when about fifteen years of age removed to the Sunset state, arriving in Walla Walla, where for forty-four years he occupied a prominent position in connection with the commercial activity of the community. In 1880 he became engaged in the meat business and later was associated with William Kirkman, Chris Ennis and A. Beard in organizing the Walla Walla Meat Company. He retained the active management of the business until November, 1898, when he retired from that field in order to turn his attention to insurance. From that time forward until his demise he maintained an insurance office in the Dooly building and gained a very prominent position in insurance circles. Mr. Kent was one of the organizers of the firm of Gardner & Company and served as its second vice president until his death. He did with thoroughness everything that he undertook and therefore he mastered every phase of the insurance business.

On the 12th of November, 1890, Mr. Kent was united in marriage to Miss Delia A. Lyons, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. P. Lyons, and to them were born four children: Ruth, the wife of Harry Paxton, Jr.; John Paul, Mildred Agnes and Omer James, all of whom are living in Walla Walla.

Besides his activity in business circles Mr. Kent took a prominent part in politics and in lodge, social and church affairs. He was a member of the city council for two terms, beginning in 1896, and he was a most aggressive advocate of the rights of the people. It was through his instrumentality that Walla Walla secured its waterworks. He was also particularly interested in public park development and did much toward securing Walla Walla's present chain of city parks. He served as a member of the first park board and lost no opportunity to further the interests which he espoused, making the park system one which is most attractive and creditable. He was one of the most trusted leaders of the democratic party in the state of Washington and served as a delegate to nearly every state and county convention of his party.

In religious faith Mr. Kent was an earnest and loyal Catholic and was twice representative of the state of Washington in the supreme council of the Catholic Knights of America. He was also an earnest and effective worker in behalf of the United Relief Society and was filling the office of vice president at the time of his demise. For many years he was a director of the Walla Walla County Fair Association and in that connection did much to further public progress. He was also a trustee of the local lodge of Elks and was a past grand knight of the Knights of Columbus in Walla Walla. Death called him on the 8th of May, 1917, when he passed away at his home on Poplar street. He had been in failing health for about a year but was confined to his home for only the last week. One who knew him well paid to him the following justly merited tribute:

"In the death of John P. Kent, Walla Walla has lost one of her best citizens. He was always active in every progressive enterprise and a factor in everything that had for its object the benefit of his home city. He was eloquent of speech, which, combined with his recognized probity and force of character, gave him great influence in the council of his fellows. He was no trimmer but expressed his opinions on all questions openly and frankly and even those who disagreed with him acknowledged and admitted his sincerity of purpose. He was one of the kindest of husbands, the most loving of fathers and a true and loyal friend."

GEORGE F. MOTTET.

George F. Mottet is a retired stock man of Walla Walla who at the age of twenty-seven years came to the new world and established his home in this section of the state. Throughout the intervening period he has been connected with the sheep industry but has now largely put aside the active cares of business life to enjoy in well earned rest the fruits of his former toil. He was born in France, February 17, 1859, and is a son of Francis and Virginia Mottet, who were also natives of France, where they spent their entire lives. They had a family of seven children, but George F. is the only one now living. He was reared and educated in France, enjoying liberal opportunities. He completed a high school course and afterward served for four years in the French army. He then determined to try his fortune in the new world and in 1886 he came to America, making his way at once to Walla Walla. He has since been identified with the interests of the northwest. He was engaged in the sheep industry for twenty-four years and his affairs were wisely and successfully managed, so that he derived therefrom a handsome competence. After almost a quarter of a century he sold out and retired from active business life, making his home at the present time at No. 440 Chase avenue in Walla Walla, where he occupies a fine residence.

In 1895 Mr. Mottet was united in marriage to Miss Leonie Vincent, a native of France, and they have become parents of three children: George, who died at the age of eleven years; Anna, who is a high school graduate of Walla Walla; and one who died in infancy.

In his political views Mr. Mottet has always been a stanch republican since becoming a naturalized American citizen but has never been an aspirant for office. He and his wife belong to the Catholic church. He is a self-made man--one who deserves much credit for what he has accomplished. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to come to the new world, for here he found the opportunities which he sought and in their improvement has acquired a handsome fortune. In addition to the home which he occupies in Walla Walla he has seven other residence properties there, from which he derives a gratifying annual income. His business interests have been carefully managed, his methods have been characterized by the utmost integrity and the results which have accrued are most satisfactory and creditable.

JOSEPH UTTER.

Joseph Utter, residing in Prescott, is identified with several important business enterprises of the town and is also actively and successfully engaged in farming in Walla Walla county. He was born in the state of New York, February 22, 1855, a son of Alex M. and Alida (Putman) Utter, both of whom were natives of the Empire state. They removed to Wisconsin in 1859 and there resided until 1861, when they became residents of Minnesota, establishing their home upon a farm. In 1862 the father enlisted for service in the Civil war, his patriotic spirit prompting his ready response to the country's call for aid. He joined Company G of the Third Minnesota Infantry and served until the close of the hostilities, after which he returned to Minnesota, where both he and his wife passed away. In their family were nine children, eight of whom are yet living.

Joseph Utter was reared and educated in Minnesota and in 1882 arrived in Walla Walla county, Washington, taking up his abode on a farm near Prescott which he still owns. His place comprises eight hundred and five acres of rich and productive land, all of which is improved. It is largely devoted to the cultivation of wheat, for his farm is situated in the midst of the rich wheat belt of Washington, famous throughout the entire country. The methods which he employs in his farm work are productive of excellent results. In addition to the growing of wheat he is also engaged in stock raising and both branches of his business are proving profitable. He is likewise a stockholder and manager of the Prescott Warehouse Company and is the president of the Prescott Telephone Company. In all business affairs he displays keen discernment and unfaltering industry and his carefully directed labors are bringing to him substantial returns.

In 1878 Mr. Utter was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Pettijohn, a daughter of Thomas and Charity (Wisby) Pettijohn, both of whom were natives of Ohio but spent their last years in Minnesota. Mr. and Mrs. Utter became the parents of eleven children: Arabelle, who is the wife of W. H. James, now of California; Thomas H., who is living on the home farm; Carrie May, the wife of A. W. Reser; Richard, who is married and follows farming; Mildred, the wife of Henry Goe; Juliette, the wife of John Reid; Ralph, who is married and resides in Prescott; Lilian and Walter Wayne, who are living at home and two have passed away. The wife and mother died in July, 1916, and was laid to rest in the Odd Fellows cemetery. She was a consistent member of the Congregational church and was most devoted to the welfare of her family. Her loss was also deeply regretted by her many friends.

Mr. Utter holds membership in Prescott Lodge, No. 46, I. O. O. F., in which he has filled all of the chairs, and he also belongs to the Woodmen of the World. In politics he is a republican but not an office seeker. He has through individual effort and determination become one of the prosperous farmers of Walla Walla county and one of its representative business men. His worth is widely acknowledged by all with whom he has come in contact and his business career is characterized by a forcefulness and resourcefulness that is most resultant.

DAVID W. MILLER.

David W. Miller, one of the representative and prosperous agriculturists of Walla Walla county, within the borders of which he has spent almost his entire life, makes his home in the city of Walla Walla. He owns six hundred and twenty acres of productive land in Spring Valley and operates altogether about fifteen hundred acres. His birth occurred in Wyoming on the 22d of August, 1874, his parents being David and Isabelle (King) Miller, who were born, reared and married in Scotland. About 1870 they crossed the Atlantic to the new world and in subsequent years resided in Pennsylvania, Utah and other states but eventually came to Washington and about 1877 took up their abode in Walla Walla county. Here David Miller gave his attention to general agricultural pursuits, locating in Spring Valley, where he acquired a section of land and in his undertakings won gratifying prosperity. He was chosen to represent his district in the state senate for eight years, being first elected in 1893 and making a splendid record that gained the approval and continued support of his constituents. He was one of the dominant factors in the organization of the Farmers Alliance and was always foremost in any movement instituted to promote the interests and welfare of the community. Fraternally he was identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His demise, which occurred on the 6th of October, 1902, was the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for in his passing the community lost one of its most valued and esteemed citizens. His widow, surviving him for a number of years, was called to her final rest in November, 1911.

David W. Miller, whose name introduces this review, was reared under the parental roof and in the acquirement of an education attended the district schools and also spent one year in study in Whitman College. He then devoted about six years to farming and on the expiration of that period embarked in the furniture and undertaking business at Waitsburg, conducting an enterprise of that character for two years. At the end of that time he engaged in the coal and wood business at Walla Walla, being thus occupied until 1910, when he again turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, which have since claimed his time and energies. He owns six hundred and twenty acres of valuable land in Spring Valley and operates altogether about fifteen hundred acres, his interests being thus extensive and important. Success has attended his efforts in this connection by reason of the fact that he utilizes the most modern and progressive methods of agriculture and has ever manifested industry, enterprise and unremitting energy.

On the 12th of August, 1903, Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss Ida Breeze, a daughter of R. M. Breeze, of Waitsburg. They now have three children, namely: James T., Earl W. and Ella Isabelle. In his political views Mr. Miller is a democrat and fraternally he is identified with Trinity Lodge, I. O. O. F., and with Columbia Lodge No. 70, K. P. His life has been upright and honorable in every relation and he well merits the warm regard and high esteem in which he is uniformly held.

SILAS W. SMITH.

For almost sixty years Silas W. Smith made his home upon the Pacific coast and was long identified with its mercantile interests, conducting a store in Walla Walla during the last years of his business career. He was born in Monmouth, Illinois, August 16, 1844, a son of Isaac and Margaret (Butler) Smith, who were also natives of that state. In 1853 the family crossed the plains and located on a farm near Dallas, Oregon. They traveled in covered wagons drawn by horses and experienced the usual hardships of such a journey. Upon a claim of three hundred and twenty acres the father built the first log cabin in that locality and he became one of the prominent and influential men of the valley where he and his wife continued to make their home until called to their final rest. He always took a very active part in politics and for two terms was an honored member of the legislature. In his family were nine children, only four of whom are now living.

Silas W. Smith was about nine years of age when he came with the family to the far west and he was reared and educated at Dallas, Oregon, graduating from the academy at that place. After leaving school he was engaged in mercantile business at Independence, Oregon, for several years, but in 1888 removed to Waitsburg, Washington, where he conducted a store for some time, and later engaged in the same business in Walla Walla in partnership with John Fitzgerald. He finally sold out and lived retired until his death in 1912.

On the 5th of November, 1867, Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Esther M. Barney, a native of Keokuk, Iowa, and a daughter of Harlow and Mary A. (Curtis) Barney. Her father was born in Pennsylvania and her mother in Vermont. They were among the pioneers who crossed the plains with ox teams in 1853 and settled near Dallas, Oregon, where Mr. Barney took up six hundred and forty acres of land, making his home thereon until his death. His wife also died there. Two of their three children are still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith were born five children, namely: Mary Ellen, the deceased wife of W. W. Maxwell; E. H., also deceased; O. B., a resident of Waitsburg, Washington; Lenna, the wife of Laverne Bartlett of Walla Walla; and Milan W., a merchant of Waitsburg.

Mrs. Smith owns a valuable ranch of five hundred and forty acres, all in a high state of cultivation. She is a faithful member of the Christian church, to which her husband also belonged, and he took quite an active part in all church work. He also held membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and was a stanch republican in politics, exerting considerable influence in local affairs and serving for two terms as mayor of the city with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. In his death the community realized that it had lost a valued and useful citizen--one devoted to the best interests of the community. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Rebekah Lodge at Waitsburg and has filled all the chairs in the same. Like her husband, she makes friends wherever she goes and is held in the highest esteem by all who know her.

F. J. ALDRICH.

F. J. Aldrich is a representative farmer of Columbia county who utilizes the most progressive methods in tilling the soil and caring for his crops. Western enterprise finds expression in his life. He is a western man by birth, by training and by preference. He was born in Walla Walla county, Washington, July 1, 1872, and is a son of Milton and Sarah (Stanfield) Aldrich, the former a native of Michigan, while the latter was born in Iowa. In 1850 the father crossed the plains to California, where he engaged in prospecting and mining, continuing his operations from California clear into Canada. In 1860 he made his way to Walla Walla county, Washington, where he took up a homestead on Dry creek, seven miles east of the city of Walla Walla. Later he acquired other lands until he became owner of eight hundred and fifteen acres in the home place and nine hundred and twenty acres on Coppei creek, five miles from Waitsburg. He devoted many years to the development and improvement of his farm land and about five years prior to his death removed to Walla Walla, where he passed away about 1912. His widow is still living and yet occupies the home ranch. Mr. Aldrich was a republican in his political views and was twice elected county commissioner of Walla Walla county. He took an active and helpful interest in community affairs and was actuated by a public-spirited devotion to duty. His wife is a member of the Methodist church and a lady of many admirable qualities which have gained for her the high esteem and goodwill of all with whom she has been brought in contact.

F. J. Aldrich was reared upon the home farm and acquired his education in the common schools and in Whitman College, where he won his academic degree, although he lacked three months of graduation. On attaining his twenty-first year he began farming for himself and has since been prominently identified with agricultural interests in Walla Walla and Columbia counties. In 1902 he removed to his present farm in Columbia county, where he owns one thousand acres of land and in addition to that tract he also operates another thousand acres under lease. He is thus one of the extensive farmers of his section of the state, his great, broad fields annually producing excellent harvests, while the methods that he employs are of the most progressive character. In fact his farm work is an indication of the last word in modern scientific agriculture.

In 1895 Mr. Aldrich was united in marriage to Miss Angeline Lloyd, a daughter of Albert G. Lloyd, now deceased, of whom extended mention is made elsewhere in this work. Mr. and Mrs. Aldrich have become parents of two children, Elmo and Erick.

In his political views Mr. Aldrich is a stalwart republican, always supporting the party at the polls yet never seeking office as a reward for party fealty. He belongs to Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, F. & A. M., and also to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. He ranks with the foremost citizens of Columbia county and is honored and respected by all, not alone by reason of the success which he has achieved but also owing to the straightforward business methods which he has ever followed. He has never been known to take advantage of the necessities of another in any business transaction and through legitimate channels has won his prosperity.

WALLACE R. COPELAND.

Wallace R. Copeland, residing in Walla Walla, is actively identified with the agricultural development of this section of the state. He is a western man by birth, training and preference and in his life exemplifies the spirit of enterprise which has ever been the dominant factor in the upbuilding of this section of the country. He was born in Yamhill county, Oregon, March 26, 1860, a son of Henry S. and Mary Ann (Morton) Copeland, who are mentioned elsewhere in this work. He was but two years of age when his parents removed from Yamhill county to Walla Walla county, Washington, and here he was reared to manhood upon the old homestead farm, early becoming familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. In 1882 his parents left the farm and removed to Walla Walla, where both died.

Wallace R. Copeland pursued his education in the district schools and began his studies in one of the old-time log schoolhouses with a puncheon floor, slab benches and sod roof. The methods of instruction were also somewhat primitive, but he has lived to see marked development in the educational system of the state until Washington stands foremost in many respects in regard to its public school work. He remained at home through the period of his youth and continued to assist his father in the farm work until he reached the age of twenty-two years. He then started out independently as a farmer and as time has passed on has made for himself a most creditable and enviable position among the leading agriculturists of the state. He at first rented land from his father, cultivating four hundred and fifteen acres on the Cottonwood creek. This was in 1882. For ten years he farmed that place successfully as a renter and during the financial panic of 1892-3 he bought the farm of his father and has since extended his farming interests by the purchase of one hundred and seventy acres, so that he has in all five hundred and eighty-five acres. This is very valuable wheat land and upon it are produced some of the finest wheat crops that are grown in this section of the state. About 1911 he purchased five hundred and eighty-four acres of wheat land on Mill creek, for which he paid one hundred dollars per acre. He also owns a section of grazing land in the foothills. In the year 1916 he planted five hundred and sixty acres to wheat and there was an excellent yield. He is most progressive in his methods and has closely studied every phase of wheat cultivation, so that sound judgment directs his efforts and produces splendid results.

On the 9th of March, 1884, Mr. Copeland was united in marriage to Miss Augusta Kaseberg, of Walla Walla, a daughter of John and Henrietta Kaseberg, natives of Germany, who came to this country when children and were married here. For a time they made their home in Illinois, but in 1882 came west and settled in Walla Walla county, Washington. By trade the father was a wagon maker but his last years were devoted to farming. He died in 1905 and the mother passed away about three years later. In their family were eight children, of whom six are still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Copeland have been born five children: Henry, who is engaged in farming in Walla Walla county; Laura, the wife of Chester Offner, of Walla Walla; Elizabeth, the wife of Mathew Ennis, a farmer of this county; Ella, at home; and Edwin, who attended school at Pullman and later engaged in farming in Walla Walla county, but in December, 1917, he enlisted as machinist mate in the aviation service of the United States navy and went to San Diego, California.

Mrs. Copeland is an active member of the Presbyterian church and its auxiliary societies and is also an earnest worker in the Red Cross service. In his political views Mr. Copeland is a republican and gives stalwart support to the party, but is not an office seeker. He belongs to the Farmers Union of Walla Walla and there is no resident of this section of the state who is more able to speak with authority upon agricultural questions, especially those relating to the cultivation of wheat. His career has been notably successful. He had no assistance at the outset but has steadily worked his way upward and his persistent energy has brought him to a most enviable position. He has extensive holdings and his labors have been the foundation of his present prosperity.

J. R. AULT.

J. R. Ault, residing on section 26, township 11 north, range 37 east, is well known as one of the leading farmers and representative citizens of Columbia county. His birth occurred in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, on the 7th of May, 1884, his parents being John N. and Rebecca (Kinnear) Ault, who were born, reared and married in that province. The father was for a number of years engaged in wool buying at Cornwall, where he is now living retired. The mother, however, is deceased, having been called to her final rest in 1898.

J. R. Ault was reared under the parental roof and acquired his education in the city schools of Cornwall. In 1904, when a young man of twenty years, he came to the state of Washington and took up his abode in the vicinity of his present home, here beginning farming as a renter. In 1909 he came into possession of his first property, purchasing one hundred and sixty acres of land in association with his brother, S. C. Ault, in partnership with whom he operated the place until the fall of 1916, since which time he has carried on his agricultural interests independently. He now owns three hundred and sixty acres of land and leases one hundred and sixty more, and in the conduct of his farming operations he has won a well deserved and gratifying measure of success by reason of his enterprise, close application and progressiveness.

In the exercise of his right of franchise Mr. Ault supports the men and measures of the democratic party and fraternally he is a prominent Mason, belonging to Tucanon Lodge, No. 106, F. & A. M., of Starbuck; Dayton Chapter, No. 5, R. A. M.; Washington Commandery, No. 5, K. T., of Walla Walla; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane. He has already won a most creditable position as an agriculturist of Columbia county, and all with whom he comes in contact recognize him as a young man of sterling personal worth and many commendable qualities.

JAMES P. SEITZ.

James P. Seitz, who from the age of sixteen years has been a resident of Walla Walla county, is now actively engaged in farming, his land being situated on section 9, township 6 north, range 36 east. He is a progressive man, alert and energetic, and his well defined plans have been carried forward to successful completion. He was born in Missouri, April 13, 1870, and is a son of John P. and Lydia J. (Chambers) Seitz, whose family numbered eight children, five of whom are yet living. The father was a native of Germany and when a young boy came to America, the family home being established in Illinois, and for a time they also lived in Indiana. Subsequently a removal was made to Missouri and there John P. Seitz met and married Miss Chambers, who was a native of Ohio and was of English descent. For twenty-five years he continued his residence in Missouri and in 1886 came to the northwest with Walla Walla county as his destination. After reaching this section of the country he invested in farm land, which his son James now owns. Here he continued to devote his time and energies to general agricultural pursuits until his life's labors were ended in death in 1911. His wife had passed away in 1910. In early life Mr. Seitz had learned the trades of millwright and blacksmith, possessing much natural mechanical skill and ability. He was a soldier of the Civil war, responding to the call of his adopted country for aid to crush out the rebellion in the south, and upon the field of battle he proved his loyalty to his adopted land. He was also greatly interested in the cause of education and insisted that English should be more thoroughly taught in our schools even if it was necessary to exclude foreign languages.

James P. Seitz spent the first fifteen years of his life in the state of his nativity and then came with his parents to Washington. He supplemented his public school training by a high school education and also attended Whitman College. He thus became well qualified for life's practical and responsible duties. He was reared to farm work and has never sought to change his occupation, for he finds farming congenial and has made it profitable as a result of his indefatigable energy and close application. He first rented the old homestead and later he purchased the property, which is situated on sections 9 and 10, township 6 north, range 36 east. His farm comprises three hundred and twenty acres in the valley between the foothills and constitutes a desirable, beautiful and valuable property, for it has been highly improved. In fact it is one of the finest farms in this section of the state. Substantial buildings furnish ample shelter for grain and stock. Mr. Seitz has erected a large, modern, circular barn, for which he made the plans, and he also did much of the work of construction himself. He even cut and sawed the timber and in this and other ways did much toward completing the structure. He has also erected other buildings upon his farm, including one containing the large engine which is the motive power for his machinery, drill forge, electric dynamo, etc. His residence is as complete and modern as a city home and is a monument to the enterprise and progressive spirit of the owner. Everything about his place is kept in good repair and fences divide the farm into fields of convenient size, so that the work is carried on more advantageously. He utilizes the latest improved machinery to facilitate the work of plowing, planting and harvesting, and in wheat production he displays the most progressive methods in handling the crop, which is a very large one, as the soil is excellently adapted for the production of that cereal. He is also successfully engaged in stock raising. He is a man of pronounced business ability in his chosen line of endeavor and is constantly seeking out new methods which will promote his interests and augment the productiveness and the general value of his farm.

On the 8th of April, 1903, Mr. Seitz was united in marriage to Miss Adina Chambers, a native of Washington and a daughter of Joseph and Mollie (Bulen) Chambers, the former a native of Missouri, while the latter was born in Dayton, Washington. They had a family of two children, Mrs. Seitz and Richard Chambers, who is now a soldier in the United States army. To Mr. and Mrs. Seitz have been born seven children: Lydia V., Helen, John P., May, Ina, Ara and Earl.

Mr. and Mrs. Seitz attend the Presbyterian church and are people of genuine worth, enjoying the confidence and goodwill of all with whom they have been associated. Mr. Seitz belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, his membership being in Lodge No. 121. In politics he maintains an independent course, voting for the candidate whom he regards as best qualified for the office without considering party ties. He is actuated by a patriotic desire to stand for all that tends to promote the best interests of the community and of the commonwealth and his cooperation can always be counted upon to further various movements and measures for the public good.

SMITH F. HENDERSON.

Smith F. Henderson, a prominent brick and cement contractor of Walla Walla, was born in Pennsylvania, January 28, 1849, a son of R. S. and Margaret (Keys) Henderson, who were born in the Keystone state, of Irish descent. Both passed away in Pennsylvania and three of their ten children are also deceased.

Smith F. Henderson spent the days of his boyhood and youth under the parental roof and received the usual educational advantages, attending the public schools. In 1875, in early manhood, he went to California but three years later came to Walla Walla, where he has since remained. He has always followed the brick and cement contracting business and his thorough knowledge of the principles of construction in those materials and his scrupulous fulfillment of every detail of his contracts have enabled him to build up a large patronage. He has erected many of the better buildings in the city and ranks as one of its leading contractors. He holds title to an excellent building, from the rental of which he derives a gratifying profit.

Mr. Henderson was married in 1880 to Miss Katherine Root, who was born in Tennessee, but who has resided in Walla Walla since the early '60s. To them have been born four children, of whom three have passed away, one son, Arthur G., surviving.

Mr. Henderson gives his political allegiance to the republican party and his religious faith is that of the Methodist church, to which his wife also belongs, and of which he has served as chairman of the board of trustees. Fraternally he is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in which local lodge he has filled all the chairs, and with the Ancient Order of United Workmen. His integrity, his public spirit and his business ability are generally recognized and his personal friends are many.

O. M. RICHMOND.

O. M. Richmond, a well known resident of Walla Walla, owns twelve hundred acres of fine land in Walla Walla county and derives a gratifying profit from its rental. He was born in Illinois, July 12, 1860, a son of Andrew J. and Mary J. (Lane) Richmond. The father was born in Ohio but for a number of years resided in Illinois. In 1880 he came to the Pacific northwest and took up his home in Oregon, where both he and his wife passed away. All of their six children survive.

O. M. Richmond was a student in the public schools of his native state and thus obtained his education. He was nineteen years of age when he accompanied his parents on the long journey across the plains and he assisted his father in developing the homestead. He continued to farm in that state until 1913, when he came to Walla Walla, where he has since resided. He purchased land in Walla Walla county and now owns twelve hundred acres but rents it to others, preferring to live retired. He has gained the success which is his through industry and sound judgment and the rest which he is now enjoying is well deserved.

Mr. Richmond was married in 1889 to Miss Nellie Preston, who was born in Illinois and is a daughter of William and Margaret (Hatch) Preston, natives of Illinois. In 1879 the Preston family removed to Oregon and for a number of years resided on a farm in that state. The father died in Oregon and the mother subsequently came to Walla Walla and is now living with Mr. and Mrs. Richmond. The latter have two daughters: Gladys, the wife of O. Taylor, of Walla Walla county; and N. Bernice, who is a graduate of Whitman College and is teaching music.

Mr. Richmond belongs to the Baptist church and seeks to further its work in every way possible. In politics he is a democrat and has served capably on the school board. Fraternally he belongs to the Artisans. Although he has resided in Walla Walla for only a few years he has already won the sincere friendship of many, his salient characteristics being such as invariably command respect and regard.

ALVIN G. BAUMEISTER.

Formerly as a clothing merchant and later in the real estate and insurance field Alvin G. Baumeister has made for himself a most creditable position in the business circles of Walla Walla, where he has been conducting his interests as a member of the firm of Shaw & Baumeister. He is a native son of the city in which he resides and the course which he has pursued throughout his entire life has been such as to commend him to the confidence, goodwill and high respect of all with whom he has been associated. He was born in this city January 23, 1883, and is a representative of one of its oldest and most honored pioneer families, his parents being Max and Alvine (Schweiker) Baumeister, of whom more extended mention is made on another page of this work.

Alvin G. Baumeister began his education in the schools of Walla Walla, passing through consecutive grades to the high school. On the 1st of February, 1905, when he was a young man of about twenty-two years, he was united in marriage to Miss Myrtle E. Wilson, a daughter of P. H. Wilson, one of the prominent farmers of Walla Walla county and one of its well known pioneer citizens. With a good education and now with a home for which to provide, Mr. Baumeister seriously took up the duties of life and in the year of his marriage became identified with the commercial interests of Walla Walla, establishing and conducting a clothing and furnishing goods store. He carried on the business with growing success for about three years or until 1908, when he disposed of his store and removed to Seattle. He remained for nine months in that city and was employed in a clothing store, but upon his father's death in 1909 he returned to Walla Walla and became his successor in the real estate and insurance business, in which he has been engaged until recently. He had one of the large agencies of this character and negotiated many important realty transfers. He thoroughly understands property values and has handled business interests of importance in this line. He also had a well organized insurance department, representing a number of the most reliable companies, and he wrote a large amount of insurance. Thus his interests were profitably managed and his course illustrates what may be accomplished by serious endeavor. Recently he has sold his insurance business in Walla Walla and has now identified himself with a new organization, established in St. Louis, Missouri. This new company is to be known as The Liberty Insurance Corporation of which all capital is to be invested in liberty bonds.

Mr. Baumeister also figures prominently in fraternal circles. He has membership in Walla Walla Lodge, No. 7, A. F. & A. M.; in Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; in Washington Commandery, No. 1, K. T.; in Oriental Consistory, A. & A. S. R., of Spokane; and in El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., also of Spokane. His name is likewise on the membership rolls of Trinity Lodge, No. 19, I. O. O. F., and of the encampment, and he belongs to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. He likewise belongs to the Commercial Club and is a member of the Walla Walla Golf Club--associations that further indicate the nature of his interests. In politics he is a republican, well versed on the questions and issues of the day and believing firmly in the principles of his party, yet he does not seek nor desire office, preferring to concentrate his energies and attention upon his business affairs. He ranks with the leading and representative business men of Walla Walla, where his entire life has been passed. His record is a commendable one, for at all times his course has displayed no esoteric phase. In all things he is open and aboveboard and an analyzation of his career shows that it is close application and indefatigable energy which have placed him in his present enviable position in real estate and insurance circles.

EDWARD BAUMEISTER.

In Saxe-Weimar, Germany, on June 24, 1848, was born the subject of this sketch. His father, Ernest Baumeister, was a native of Erfurt, Germany, and came to the United States in 1854, bringing his family. Settlement was made in New York state and so thoroughly did the elder Baumeister identify himself with the interests of the country of his adoption, that upon the breaking out of the rebellion, he promptly enlisted in a New York regiment of volunteer cavalry and served with distinction and valor until the last conflict at Fredericksburg when he was wounded and soon gave his life for his country. He had married Miss Charlotte Schroeder, also a native of Germany.

Our subject was but a lad when his father died and the same spirit that pervaded the breast of the ancestor, was found well planted in the heart of his son. He, too, has taken up the cause of his country in a determined and loyal way, championing those measures and principles which are for the upbuilding of our free institutions. After attending the common schools of New York until he was twelve years old, he accompanied his brother, Max, to California. For two years he served an apprenticeship there as a barber and in April, 1863, he and his brother moved to Washington and settled in Walla Walla where for nineteen years they followed the barber trade. Then selling out they engaged for two years in the real estate and insurance business.

In 1885 Edward Baumeister moved to Lewiston and accepted a position in the general store of John P. Vollmer & Company. For seven months he served faithfully there and in the fall of 1885, came to the town of Asotin, then located farther up the river than at present. Mr. Baumeister selected the place where Asotin now stands and opened a fine general merchandise establishment. This general store was, for many years, the commercial center of the county. The upper rooms of the building were used for lodge and court room purposes. During the panic of 1893-5, the firm practically financed the county. Much of the grain and live stock of the county was bought by the company and shipped away. At one time, several hundred horses were driven by the firm back to Missouri and Illinois. During these years, the store acted as the bank and financial clearinghouse of the county and in 1900, the first bank in the county was opened in connection with the business. In 1908, the general store was sold but the bank was retained, and is still doing a leading business in the county.

In addition to the property already mentioned, Mr. Baumeister has extensive holdings in real estate in Asotin county as well as in other places in Washington and Idaho and is considered one of the wealthy and substantial men of the state.

In political matters, Mr. Baumeister has been a life long republican and it can be said that throughout his public career he has shown the same care and painstaking effort in public matters as that which brought him success in his own business. Fraternally, he is an Odd Fellow, having joined that order in Walla Walla, in 1869. At the present time, January, 1918, he is the only man living who was a member at the time of his initiation in Enterprise Lodge, No. 2. He was the first representative from the Grand Encampment of the then territory of Washington, to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, which met that year at Minneapolis. He is also a charter member of Riverside Lodge, No. 41, of Asotin, and a member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, at Lewiston, Idaho.

Edward Baumeister is practically the father of Asotin county and has been for many years one of the leading men of the state. For two terms, he represented Asotin, Garfield and Columbia counties in the state senate and for fifty-four years he has been associated with every financial, political and social movement in southeastern Washington. He has been personally acquainted with every governor of the territory, and the state, up to the present time except the first four. For thirty-two years, he has lived and labored in Asotin and been intimately associated with every step in the growth of the county and city. Throughout all these years, Mr. Baumeister has borne an unblemished reputation for honesty, kindness and genuine goodness. At the time of this writing he is undoubtedly the best known and best loved man in Asotin county. He is a striking example of what can be accomplished by courage, optimism and persistency in spite of the handicap of lack of scholastic training and financial resources. He is, in fact, a self made man who has done a good job. His life is thus an example worthy of imitation by every young man, and this, in the opinion of the writer, is about the highest praise anyone can be given.

Although now seventy years of age, he is still an active and progressive citizen. At the present time, he is president of the local commercial club, chairman of the Red Cross war fund and the thrift stamp and war saving certificate fund of the county. All these public interests he carries in addition to his regular duties as president of his bank.

At College Point, New York, May 3, 1870, Mr. Baumeister married Miss Elizabeth Miller. They will soon celebrate their golden wedding and it may be truthfully said of Mrs. Baumeister that her interests in the development of the Inland Empire, have been as great as those of her husband. She is widely known, interested in every good movement and many a cause has been aided by her during her life as a pioneer woman.

To Mr. and Mrs. Baumeister were born two children: Anna C., wife of Dr. Stephen D. Brazeau of Spokane; and Alletta W., wife of W. L. Thompson, president of the American National Bank, of Pendleton, Oregon. Mrs. Baumeister has been, for many years, a member of the Protestant Episcopal church and a liberal supporter of all benefactions. Though not directly allied with the church, Mr. Baumeister exemplified in his life, many of the virtues of the Christian, and really tries to carry out, in his life, the principles of righteousness.

MORDO McDONALD.

Mordo McDonald, one of the prominent men of Walla Walla county, is not only successfully operating large tracts of land but is also active in public affairs, his energy and capability enabling him to accomplish much. He was born in Stark county, Illinois, February 18, 1863, the son of John and Jane (Grant) McDonald, both natives of Scotland, the former being born in the village of Sheldaig, Apple Cross parish, in the northern part of Scotland, July 10, 1823. The parents were reared and married in their native country and the father followed the career of a sea captain. In 1857 they came to the United States and, continuing their journey, traversed the continent as far as Stark county, Illinois, where they located. The father farmed there until 1863, when he removed with his family to the far west, crossing the seemingly illimitable plains with one yoke of oxen and one yoke of cows, which they milked every day on the journey. Under the most favorable conditions the long trip overland to the coast was fraught with many hardships, but the difficulties of the journey were increased by the fact that the father broke his leg on the second day out. However, he was confined to his bed but eighteen days, and then he was able to walk on crutches. At length Oregon was reached and he took up a homestead not far from the town of La Grande. He brought the place under cultivation and met with gratifying success in his farming operations, continuing to reside upon the homestead. He passed away November 17, 1903, and his wife died two years later, November 16, 1905.

Mordo McDonald was but an infant when brought by his parents to Oregon and was reared at home with the usual experiences of the boy brought up in pioneer surroundings. His education was that afforded in the district schools but he received thorough training in farming through assisting his father. In early manhood he was associated with his brothers and his father in the operation of the home place. When he was twenty-five years old he and his five brothers bought a tract of land, which they cultivated in addition to operating the homestead. This partnership was maintained until 1895, when Mr. McDonald of this review removed to Walla Walla county, Washington. For a year he conducted a butcher business in partnership with Chris Ennis, and then, with three other men, went into the horse business, furnishing eight thousand horses to the government for service in the Philippine islands. He became interested in raising horses and for a number of years devoted his time to that work, becoming well known as a horse dealer and breeder and confined his business entirely to handling government horses. In 1908, however, he gave up that work and began cultivating his present home farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 8, township 6 north, range 36 east. He raises the crops best suited to the soil and climate of this section and receives a good profit from his labors.

On December 24, 1889, Mr. McDonald was united in marriage to Miss Belle Cameron, a daughter of Alex Cameron, who came to Oregon on the same emigrant train of which the McDonald family were a part. To this union were born two children: Jessie, the wife of W. C. Marsh, a resident of Los Angeles, California; and Hector, at home. The wife and mother died in 1906 and on June 2, 1909, Mr. McDonald was united in marriage to Miss Florence Halvor, of The Dalles, Oregon.

Mr. McDonald is well known as an active worker in the republican party and in the fall of 1906 he was elected to represent his district in the state legislature, in which connection he made a record creditable alike to his ability and public spirit. For several years he served as chairman of the republican central committee and at one election in that period every man on the ticket was successful with the exception of the candidate for constable, who was sick in the hospital and was, therefore, unable to canvass the county. Mr. McDonald was a member of the board that had charge of the Walla Walla county exhibit, held in Portland, and the fact that the exhibit won many prizes is proof of the energy and efficiency which the board brought to their task. The other members were, Dr. N. G. Blalock and C. L. Whitney. Mr. McDonald's fraternal connections are with Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, A. F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; Washington Commandery, No. 1, K. T.; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane. He is thoroughly western in spirit and interests and has full confidence in the prosperous future in store for Washington.

JOHN B. DUNHAM.

No matter in how much fantastic theorizing one may indulge as to the cause of success, he must eventually reach the conclusion that prosperity is the outcome of persistent effort and indefatigable industry combined with close application. This statement finds verification in the life record of John B. Dunham, a prosperous stock dealer now residing in Walla Walla. He was born in Logansport, Indiana, November 13, 1842, a son of John and Matilda (Griffin) Dunham, both of whom were natives of the Hoosier state, where they were reared and married. The father, attracted by the discovery of gold in California, was among those who made their way to the Pacific coast over the Isthmus route in 1849. He was reasonably successful in his search for the precious metal and in 1850 he returned to Indiana with the rewards of his labor. Soon afterward he removed to Champaign county, Illinois, where he was engaged in farming up to the time of his death.

John B. Dunham spent his youthful days under the parental roof and acquired a district school education. When not busy with his textbooks his attention was given to the work of the farm and he assisted in the tasks of plowing, planting and harvesting. In June, 1864, when in the early twenties, he responded to the country's call for military aid, enlisting as a member of Company A, One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Illinois Infantry, with which he served until the close of the war, being mustered out in September, 1865. When the country no longer needed his aid he engaged in farming in Champaign county, Illinois, there remaining until 1888, when he came to the coast, settling first at Roseburg, Oregon. There he engaged in the feed business for three years and afterward removed to Eugene, Oregon, where he was engaged in merchandising for five years. In 1896 he came to Walla Walla, where he has since made his home and during the period of his residence here, covering twenty-one years, he has been successfully engaged in the livestock business. Persistency of purpose has ever been one of his marked characteristics and, guided by sound judgment, has brought him a very substantial measure of prosperity.

On the 19th of December, 1883, Mr. Dunham was united in marriage to Miss Eliza J. Hull, a daughter of John Hull, of Champaign county, Illinois. They have become the parents of four children, as follows: Lena E., who is the widow of W. G. Osborne and resides in Los Angeles, California; Charley, who makes his home in Baker, Oregon; Fannie M., the wife of John Shaddick, who is proprietor of an automobile garage in Walla Walla; and Victor B., a resident of Montana.

In his political views Mr. Dunham is a stalwart republican but has never been an office seeker. For the past three years he and his wife have spent the winter seasons in southern California but return to Walla Walla for the summer months. They have gained many friends during the period of their residence in this city and the hospitality of their home is greatly enjoyed by their associates. In business affairs Mr. Dunham sustains an unassailable reputation for integrity as well as enterprise and in matters of citizenship he has always been as true and loyal to his country as when he followed the nation's starry banner on the battlefields of the south.

MATTHEW LYONS.

Matthew Lyons, who is successfully engaged in farming in Walla Walla county, was born in Ireland, March 22, 1869, and is a son of Thomas and Anne (Touey) Lyons, also natives of that country. When about twenty-one years of age the father went to Australia, where he engaged in mining for some time, and while there he met Miss Anne Touey and they were married. After spending twelve years in that country, during which time four children were born to them, they returned to Ireland, where the following two years were passed. In 1871, however, they again left the Emerald isle and this time came to the United States, bringing with them their family of six children. The father having a brother, Patrick Lyons, residing in Washington, the family proceeded to this state and here Thomas Lyons homesteaded a tract near Dixie, in Walla Walla county. As time passed he steadily prospered in his farming operations and became the owner of two thousand acres of land in one body. He also acquired a large tract of fourteen hundred acres on Russell creek. He continued the operation of his land for many years, but in 1902 purchased a home at No. 204 Newell street, Walla Walla, and there spent the remainder of his life, dying on the 1st of February, 1914, at the age of eighty years. His wife survived him only one week and passed away at the age of seventy-eight. Their three youngest children were born in Washington and of the nine, eight are yet living: John, now a resident of Valdez, Alaska; Frank P., a physician of Kansas City, Missouri; Delia C., who is living at the old home in Walla Walla; Thomas R., an ex-judge of Juneau, Alaska, and now an attorney of Seattle, Washington; Matthew, of this review; Annie, deceased; James C., who is engaged in farming on Russell creek; Eleanor B., a resident of Walla Walla; and Margaret E., the wife of Frank Shaw, of Seward, Alaska.

Matthew Lyons was a mere infant when brought by his parents to this state and here he grew to manhood. He attended the district schools and completed his education at the Empire Business College of Walla Walla, from which he was graduated. During his boyhood and youth he assisted his father in the farm work and on attaining his majority took charge of a portion of the homestead, of which he now owns four hundred and eighty acres. He also rents a large tract of land and is today operating two thousand acres devoted to wheat. Although his attention is principally given to the raising of grain, he raises stock to some extent and has steadily prospered in his business undertakings.

In 1903 Mr. Lyons was united in marriage to Miss Hannah Chandler, a native of Detroit, Michigan, and a daughter of Joseph and Matilda (Smith) Chandler. To Mr. and Mrs. Lyons have been born five children, as follows, Margaret G., Eleanor M., Mary B., Matthew J. and Gerard, of whom the last named is deceased. In 1916 Mr. Lyons erected a commodious modern residence on South Third street, Walla Walla, and here the family now reside.

He has never been an office seeker but has nevertheless manifested a commendable interest in public affairs and has staunchly supported the candidates and measures of the democratic party. He holds membership in the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Columbus and the Maccabees and is deservedly popular in those organizations. Both he and his wife are communicants of the Catholic church. He is enthusiastic concerning Walla Walla county and its opportunities and finds pleasure in cooperating in movements calculated to advance its interests.

JAMES McGREEVY.

James McGreevy, a prosperous retired farmer residing on section 8, township 13 north, range 43 east, Garfield county, was born in Ireland, March 22, 1867, a son of Hugh and Rose (Flynn) McGreevy, both of whom passed their entire lives in Ireland. They had two children, of whom the daughter, Jennie, is still a resident of the Emerald isle.

The son, James McGreevy came to the United States when only eleven years of age and joined an uncle living in Pittsburgh. After remaining there for five years he went to Iowa, where he lived for one year. It was in 1889 that he settled in Columbia county, Washington, and for one year he engaged in the stock business, after which he purchased his present farm in Garfield county. It comprises four hundred and eighty acres, all of which is under cultivation, and the improvements thereon are excellent and add much to its value. He operated the place until 1914, when he retired, but he still retains his residence thereon.

Mr. McGreevy was married in 1898, in Washington, to Miss Rose Glennon, who was born in Clayton county, Iowa. He casts his ballot in support of the democratic party and has served acceptably as a member of the local school board. He holds membership in the Woodmen of the World and in the Farmers' Union and is deservedly popular in those organizations. He was thrown upon his own resources at an early age and his educational opportunities were limited, but his native soundness of judgment, combined with industry and the determination to succeed, has enabled him to distance many who started with greater advantages.

CHARLES E. BERG.

Charles E. Berg, the proprietor of the Lily mills in Walla Walla, has been engaged in that line of business for thirty-five years and is one of the pioneer mill men of eastern Washington. He was born in Polk county, Oregon, March 28, 1854, a son of John and Margaret (Donnelly) Berg, the former a native of Germany and the latter of Ireland. They came to America in young manhood and young womanhood and were married in San Francisco, California, whence they removed to Polk county, Oregon, in 1853. They took up their residence on a small ranch there and the father built a log cabin with a clapboard roof and stick chimney, which was the family home during the year they remained in Oregon. At the end of that time they returned to California, where the father engaged in mining for four years. In 1862, however, he removed to Walla Walla county, Washington, and remained here until his death. There were nine sons in his family, but only three are now living.

Charles E. Berg was a child when his parents removed to Walla Walla county and here he received his education, attending the pioneer schools. His first school stood at the corner of Fifth and Main streets, in Walla Walla, and in those early days each scholar had to pay fifty cents each week as the teacher's compensation. During his youth he learned the miller's trade and for thirty-five years has engaged in the milling business, being now the proprietor of the Lily mills of Walla Walla. He himself erected the plant in 1917 and he takes the greatest care in the manufacture of his flour, which is of the highest grade and for which he finds a ready sale. On investigation he found that about twenty-five thousand dollars per year was going out of the city for pancake flour, self-rising flour, corn meal and graham flour and that no mill here was manufacturing these products. Accordingly he erected his mill to supply the demand, believing he could do a good business and supply the people of his home vicinity at a considerable saving on these articles. His mill was completed and put in operation in January, 1918. Besides this plant he also owns forty acres of land and has a nice residence in Walla Walla.

Mr. Berg was married in 1901 to Miss Matilda Gear and for his second wife chose Mrs. Etta Jones. The democratic party has a stanch supporter in Mr. Berg and for two terms he served efficiently as street commissioner of Walla Walla, while for twenty years he supervised the work of the prisoners at the state penitentiary. The competence which is now his is evidence of his industry and good management, for all that he has he has made by his own labors. He is highly esteemed by all who know him and has many warm personal friends. He was a member of the old Walla Walla Volunteer Fire Department until the paid department was created. While a lad in his teens he was "torch boy," whose duty it was to carry the light by which the firemen found their way to fires and for working about their apparatus, for at that time there were no street lights in Walla Walla. At the age of twenty-one years he became a full fledged fireman, his company being "Tiger" Engine Company No. 2. The machines were then pulled by hand and the water likewise pumped. Later they secured a steam engine. When the paid department was formed Mr. Berg retired from the service. He remembers the first fire in Walla Walla, which was the burning of the Robinson Theater at Seventh and Main streets, and the soldiers from the garrison helped in fighting the fire with a "bucket brigade." He also has vivid recollections of the early days when the Vigilantes were the law enforcers and often the law breakers. There was a secret society known as the U. F. F. Us, whose purpose was a mystery, which used to parade with torches and did mysterious things. On one occasion the Vigilantes had warned a negro called Slim Jim to leave the town. He was accused of making keys and releasing prisoners from the old jail. He was given a certain time to leave and warned that if he was not then gone he must hang. He failed to go, so one night they forced his room at the old City Hotel, took him in a wagon to South Second street and hanged him on a tree which now stands in the yard of Frank Singleton. His body was informally buried on a ridge not far from the place of execution, where was an old burying ground.

HENRY F. ZÜGER.

Henry F. Züger, a prosperous and up-to-date farmer of Walla Walla county engaged in the raising of both wheat and stock, has spent his entire life in this county, as his birth here occurred August 20, 1883. An account of the life of his father, Marcus Züger, Sr., appears elsewhere in this work.

Henry F. Züger was reared at home and received a good education in the public schools and in high school. On attaining his majority he entered into partnership with his brother, Marcus, and for five years they operated the homestead. At the end of that time Mr. Züger of this review took up his residence on his present farm on section 12, township 9 north, range 36 east. He holds title to six hundred acres and rents other land, operating in all twenty-one hundred acres. Although the land is all excellently adapted to wheat raising, he has found it more profitable to raise stock as well as wheat, and he has gained gratifying success along both lines. He realizes that while hard work is necessary in farming, industry alone is not enough; that the farmer as well as the business man must plan his work carefully and give attention to the proper marketing of his products.

Mr. Züger was married in 1908 to Miss Ella Clodius, a native of Mill Creek, Washington. They are the parents of a son and daughter, Charles V., and Helen M.

Mr. Züger is an advocate of the principles of the republican party and casts his ballot in support of its candidates. He has served as school clerk and has been instrumental in furthering the interests of the local educational system. He is well known as a member of the Elks and of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and the principles of fraternity underlying these organizations find exemplification in his daily life. Both he and his wife are communicants of the Roman Catholic church and manifest a praiseworthy interest in its varied activities.

NATHANIEL WEBB.

Nathaniel Webb, who for many years was actively engaged in sheep raising and farming, is now living retired in Walla Walla at the advanced age of eighty-four years. He was born in Stamford, Connecticut, December 17, 1833, and is a son of John Webb, who was also born in Stamford and who devoted his life to farming. He removed to the middle west and his death occurred in Minnesota. The mother bore the maiden name of Sallie Davenport and was also a native of Connecticut.

Nathaniel Webb, who is one of two sons, went to California by the Nicaragua route in 1854 and ten years later removed to Oregon, whence in 1876 he came to Walla Walla county. For eight years he engaged in mining in California and Idaho and after removing to Oregon taught school for two or three terms at Roseburg, that state. In 1868 he purchased sheep and turned his attention to sheep ranching, in which he continued to engage for a number of years after taking up his home in Washington. He was one of the earliest and most successful sheep ranchers, owning large numbers of sheep on the range in Oregon and Idaho, as well as in Washington. In 1882 he bought about three sections of land, one-half of which was railroad land and sold at two dollars and sixty cents an acre, and he also took up a homestead claim, a timber claim and a preemption right, acquiring in all about five hundred acres from the government. Later as this region became more thickly settled he to a great extent gave up sheep raising and turned his attention to farming, in which he likewise met with a signal degree of success. He owns about three thousand acres of land, from which he derives a handsome income, but leaves the management of his affairs to others and is enjoying well deserved leisure. He resides in Walla Walla and is surrounded with all of the comforts of life.

Mr. Webb was married November 17, 1875, to Mrs. Eliza J. Smith, who was born in Hannibal, Missouri, December 28, 1843, a daughter of James and Almeda (Barney) Boggs, who in 1853 went to Oregon by ox team. The father took up a donation claim of three hundred and sixty acres near Dallas, in Polk county, and engaged in operating that place until 1860, when he removed to Roseburg. He, too, was chiefly engaged in the raising of sheep, which business many of the early settlers followed. Mrs. Webb was the eldest of a family of ten children, of whom only four now survive. In 1857 she was married to F. W. Smith, by whom she had four children, namely: J. Cy, who died, leaving a wife and six children, Orville, Jessie, Nate, Melvin, Helen and Mollie; George W., at home; Mary E., who became the wife of J. Valaer and died, leaving one son; and one who died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Webb have become the parents of three children: Nat, who is a graduate of Whitman College and is now farming; Paul, who is married and resides at Heppner, Oregon; and Kate, who died in infancy.

Mr. Webb is a stanch republican in politics and has supported the candidates of that party ever since it came into existence. His wife holds membership in the Methodist church and both can be counted upon to use their influence on the side of right and justice. For more than six decades Mr. Webb has been connected with the Pacific coast and for more than forty years has been a resident of Washington and has seen the open ranges where thousands of sheep fed give way to finely improved and highly cultivated wheat fields and has witnessed many other changes as the development of eastern Washington has progressed. He has thoroughly identified his interests with those of his county and state and has always placed the public welfare above his private interests.

HON. JAMES M. DEWAR.

One of the prominent figures in the early history of Walla Walla county was the Hon. James M. Dewar, stockman, farmer and member of the territorial legislature. He was born in Scotland, in the county of Perth, near the ancient castle of Doune, February 12, 1824. His father was a farmer and he grew up on the northern slope of the Grampian hills, becoming familiar with the scenes of Scottish legend. He received his education in his native country and remained at home until 1853, when he decided to try his fortune in America. For five years after his arrival in this country he traveled over the northern states and in 1858 he came to the Pacific coast country. While making his home at Champoeg, on the Willamette river, he met a relative, Archibald Mackinley, who was known to practically all the pioneers of the northwest as one of the most daring trappers in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company. Mr. Mackinley advised Mr. Dewar to settle in the Walla Walla valley, describing in detail its many advantages, but also pointing out the fact that there existed considerable danger from Indians. Taking everything into consideration, Mr. Dewar decided to act on the advice of the trapper and on the 4th of January, 1859, arrived within the limits of the present Walla Walla county. His first home was a log cabin on Cottonwood creek and, liking the surroundings, he bought it and the claim on which it was built, paying the owner fifty dollars for the whole. At first it was not his intention to make this his permanent home but rather to make it a base for his stock raising activities, as he saw in the fine grazing land of the Walla Walla valley a fine opportunity to raise stock for the Pacific market. However, the more he learned about this section the more confident he became that it offered opportunities which could not be surpassed elsewhere and accordingly when the country became settled and his range began to narrow he sold off his surplus stock and turned his attention to farming. His first purchase of land consisted of three hundred and twenty acres, to which he later added one hundred and seventy-four acres, and his well directed labors resulted in transforming the entire tract into a highly improved farm in a high state of cultivation. He fenced his holdings, erected good buildings, including a beautiful modern home which took the place of the pioneer log cabin, and he also planted an orchard, the oldest in the county with one exception.

On the 27th of January, 1864, Mr. Dewar was married in Walla Walla to Miss Margaret McRae, who survives. To them were born seven children, of whom three are living, Alexander, Alida and Gordon M. The others, John, James M., Elizabeth and David are deceased, the last two dying of diphtheria on the same day.

Mr. Dewar was a stanch advocate of republican principles and was recognized as a leader in party circles. In 1878 he was chosen as a member of the territorial legislature and while serving in that body was the author of the celebrated railway freight bill which bore his name. In 1882 he was again elected to the legislature and a third time was chosen to represent his district in 1888, but before that legislature convened the territory had become a state. He was also a delegate to the convention which nominated candidates for membership in the body to which the drafting of the state constitution was entrusted. To him a public office was a sacred trust and his course was dictated solely by considerations of the general welfare. Through the honest and capable discharge of his duties he won the right to rank among the builders of the state. The guiding principle of his life was his religious belief and the Presbyterian church found in him a loyal and active member. His widow is still identified with that denomination and likewise takes a hearty interest in its activities. The death of Mr. Dewar occurred March 27, 1892.

ELI BOLICK.

Eli Bolick is now practically living retired in Asotin but still has extensive investments in farm lands and mercantile interests. He was born in North Carolina in 1854 and there spent the period of his boyhood and youth, during which time he acquired a common school education. The period of his minority was passed in the home of his parents, Abner and Nancy Bolick, who were farming people of the Old North state. On his way westward Mr. Bolick stopped for one year in Missouri in order to earn money with which to continue the trip. He then came on to Washington, where he arrived in 1878, and settled on a homestead on the flat above Asotin. From time to time he added to his property until he now has eighteen hundred acres of rich and valuable land, which his sons are now cultivating. For many years, however, he personally gave his time and attention to his farm work and his life has ever been one of untiring energy and thrift. However, about two or three years ago he retired from the farm. While busily engaged in tilling the soil he made wheat his principal crop. It was in the latter '90s when the people began to realize that their land was valuable and it has since steadily advanced in price until it is now selling on an average of from fifty to sixty dollars per acre. In addition to his farming interests Mr. Bolick has a large hardware and implement store in Asotin which is supervised by Robert Anderson, who is half owner of the business. This is the only store of the kind in the town and the trade has steadily grown.

In 1886 Mr. Bolick was united in marriage to Miss Elvinia Forgey, who was born in the Willamette valley, Oregon, and was a daughter of Elias and Calistine Forgey, pioneers of that section. In 1882, however, her parents removed to Asotin county, Washington, and took up a homestead, where Mr. Forgey engaged in the raising of grain and stock. Mrs. Bolick passed away July 7, 1916. By her marriage she had become the mother of nine children: Maude, who died at the age of seventeen years; Wallace and Alice, twins, the former a large rancher of Alberta, Canada, while the latter is the wife of Ray Adams, of Cheney, Washington; Mollie, the wife of B. Hughes of the Willamette valley; Grace and Nettie, who are engaged in teaching; Dell, who married Ruby Sargent and is upon his father's farm; and Russell and Fern, both at home.

In politics Mr. Bolick has always been a republican but not an active party worker. He served for six years as county commissioner although he was never ambitious to hold office. He has ever been a friend of education and the public schools have found in him a stalwart champion. He stands for progress and advancement along many lines and in his own business career has illustrated the force of unfaltering industry and close application guided by sound judgment.

HON. GEORGE C. GINN.

Hon. George C. Ginn, of Walla Walla, is prominent both in agricultural circles of this section and in public affairs, having served as a member of the state legislature. He was born in Umatilla county, Oregon, November 27, 1875, a son of Richard and Catherine (Kinnear) Ginn, the former a native of Scotland, whence he emigrated to Canada in 1840. He was married there and in 1860 removed with his family to Minnesota, where he resided for a decade. He then came to the Pacific northwest and settled on a farm in Umatilla county, to the operation of which he gave his entire time and attention until 1898, when he retired and removed to Walla Walla. Here he passed away in 1899 and his wife died five years later.

Hon. George C. Ginn, who is one of six living children of a family of ten, received his education in the common schools and in the State Normal School in Oregon. During his boyhood and youth he also received thorough training in agricultural work which proved very valuable when he began farming on his own account. On beginning his independent career he purchased land in Umatilla county and still owns five hundred acres there, the operation of which he supervises, although he makes his home in Walla Walla. In the management of his farming interests he has displayed sound judgment, a progressive spirit and excellent business ability and is one of the substantial residents of Walla Walla. He is also a stockholder and a director in the Third National Bank of this city.

In 1903 occurred the marriage of Mr. Ginn and Miss Rowena Evans. Following her death in 1910 he was married in 1912 to Miss Linnie P. Riggs, a native of Oregon. Mr. Ginn is prominent in the councils of the republican party, which he has supported since becoming of age, and in 1914 he was elected a member of the state legislature. His thorough grasp of public questions, his ability to differentiate between the essential and the non-essential and his consistent regard for the public welfare soon attracted favorable notice in that body and his work as a legislator reflected credit upon himself and upon the district which he represented. Fraternally he belongs to Lodge No. 121, I. O. O. F., to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, in which he has held a number of offices, and to the Woodmen of the World. He is in hearty sympathy with the work of the Commercial Club, of which he is an active member, and every project calculated to promote the interests of Walla Walla depends upon and receives his moral and material support. He possesses the physical and mental vigor that enables him to accomplish much with seeming ease and although his has been a busy life he has always been characterized by a hearty good nature that has endeared him to his many friends. Both he and his wife belong to the Presbyterian church and his generous spirit has found expression in a liberal support of its various activities.

FRED L. MILLER.

Among the native sons of Washington who have elected to continue residents of the state is Fred L. Miller, a prominent farmer and stock raiser of Garfield county. He was born on the site of Dayton, Columbia county, February 12, 1866, and is a son of George W. and Sarah E. (Ping) Miller, an account of whose lives appears in the sketch of Judge Chester F. Miller, elsewhere in this work.

Fred L. Miller grew to manhood in his native county and as a boy attended the Dayton public schools and continued his studies in the high school, from which he was graduated in 1888. On beginning his independent career he took up his residence upon the farm where he still resides, which is located on the Snake river. He divides his time between grain farming and breeding cattle for the market. He owns forty-two hundred acres and in addition to this operates six hundred acres of state land under lease. He is recognized as an authority upon the different problems relative to the production of grain and on the various phases of cattle raising and each branch of his business returns to him a good profit. He specializes in registered white faced Hereford cattle and feeds from three hundred to four hundred each winter.

On the 16th of October, 1888, Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss Laura A. McMorris, a daughter of J. E. McMorris, who in 1879 removed to Columbia county, Washington, from California. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Miller, namely: George E., at home; F. Albert, who is in the United States Army; Harry B. and Nell B., at home; Jessie R., the wife of Jack Phillips, of Garfield county; and Otis D., Sarah E., Merritt and Merrell, twins, and John, all at home.

Mr. Miller is a republican and his advice is often sought in local party councils. In November, 1908, he was elected to the board of county commissioners for the short term and in 1910 was elected to the office for the long term, serving in all for six years as a member of the board, and in that connection he did valuable work for the county, giving the same careful attention to the management of its affairs that he gives to the direction of his private interests. He is identified with the Woodmen of the World and has many friends within and without that organization. Among his salient characteristics are the ability to discriminate between the essential and the non-essential, resourcefulness in adapting himself to new conditions and sound judgment and these qualities have proved as valuable in his work as a farmer as in any other field of activity.

JOHN R. LYONS.

That John R. Lyons possesses good business ability is evident from the fact that he is successfully operating a fine ranch of nine hundred acres devoted to the raising of wheat and of stock. He was born in Ireland, April 28, 1867, and is a son of Patrick and Frances Lyons, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Our subject was brought to Walla Walla county, Washington, in childhood and here received a good common school education. He remained under the parental roof until he attained his majority, during which time he aided his father in farming, and then began cultivating land on his own account. He took up his residence upon the ranch which he now owns and which comprises nine hundred acres of fertile land in Walla Walla township. The place is well improved and his work is facilitated by the most modern and up-to-date equipment. He raises stock extensively and also grows a large quantity of wheat annually. He is energetic and progressive and the success which he has gained is the direct result of his good management and industry.

Mr. Lyons was married in 1903 to Miss Frances O'Brien, who was born in Nebraska and is a daughter of George and Katherine O'Brien, both now deceased. Mrs. Lyons has also passed away, her death occurring March 8, 1906. She was buried in the Catholic cemetery in Walla Walla. Her two daughters, Mary L. and Anna M., are both now students in St. Vincent's Academy.

Mr. Lyons gives his political support to the democratic party but has never had time to take an active part in public affairs. His fraternal relations are with the Knights of Columbus and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, in both of which organizations he is popular. He has not only gained financial independence but he has also contributed in considerable measure to the development of Walla Walla county along the lines of scientific agriculture and stock raising and is recognized as a prominent citizen.

FRANK McCOWN.

Frank McCown, who is living retired after many years devoted to agricultural pursuits, was born in Clakamas county, Oregon, November 15, 1855, a son of William and Sarah (Best) McCown, both natives of West Virginia. In 1846 they removed to Kansas and six years later crossed the great plains by ox team to Oregon. The father took up a donation claim of four hundred and eighty acres in Clakamas county and erected a large cabin, which remained the family home for a number of years. In 1878 removal was made to Walla Walla county, Washington, and later the father purchased land which he operated until his death. To him and his wife were born seven children, but only two are living, the brother of our subject being J. L., now a resident of Portland, Oregon.

Frank McCown was reared and educated in Oregon, and during his boyhood and youth received valuable training in farm work. When he was twenty-three years old he came to Washington, and has since resided in Walla Walla county. He devoted his active life to farming and from time to time added to his holdings until he now owns fifteen hundred acres of land which he leases, having retired in 1902. He maintains his home in Waitsburg but spends his winters in California. The success which he has gained has proved that he is quick to recognize and take advantage of business opportunities, and in the development of his farm he was always willing to profit by the work of investigators along agricultural lines.

Mr. McCown was married in 1881 to Miss Laura Walker, and they have become the parents of five children, namely: Emory D.; Malcolm W.; Annie N., the wife of Walter Minnick; Hazel B.; and Frank Jr.

Mr. McCown supports the democratic party at the polls but has not taken an active part in public affairs although he has taken the interest of a good citizen in matters of government. He belongs to Lodge No. 5, I. O. O. F., in which he has filled all of the chairs. The standards by which he has governed his life are further indicated in his membership in the Christian church, to which his wife also belongs. His friends are numerous and his qualities are such that all who come in contact with him hold him in high esteem.

JOE MARTIN.

Among the men who have aided in the development of Walla Walla county as a leading wheat producing section is Joe Martin, who is engaged in wheat raising on an extensive scale on section 36, township 8 north, range 35 east. He was born in County Roscommon, Ireland, April 26, 1869, a son of John and Bridget (Feely) Martin, who passed their entire lives in that country.

Joe Martin was reared at home and received his education in the common schools of Ireland. About the time he became of age he emigrated to America and took up his residence in Fremont, Iowa, where he spent six or seven years. At the end of that time he decided to identify his interests with those of the Pacific northwest and came to Walla Walla county, Washington. After working as a farm hand for several years he was able to rent his present farm, which he has since purchased. He owns nine hundred acres and specializes in wheat raising. His practical knowledge of the methods best adapted to conditions in this locality, combined with his energy and good judgment, has enabled him to gain financial independence. His farm is excellently improved and is equipped with the most up-to-date machinery.

At Walla Walla, January 27, 1903, Mr. Martin was united in marriage to Miss Mary Martin, who although of the same name is not a relative. An account of the life of her father, John Martin, appears elsewhere in this work. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Martin: Alicia S., Michael, James F., Mary T., Catherine B., Esther R., Helen M., and Rose Anna.

The parents hold membership in the Catholic church of Walla Walla and give their influence and support to movements whose object is the promotion of the moral welfare of the community. Mr. Martin supports the democratic party at the polls and is now serving efficiently as clerk of the school board. He has not been otherwise active in public affairs, the management of his farming interests leaving him little time for other activities. The success which he has gained is due to his own efforts and he is fully entitled to the credit given a self-made man.

JAMES C. ROBERTS.

James C. Roberts, a well known and prosperous farmer residing on