Section 31, Township 9 North, Range 38 East, in Columbia County. He

has resided in this state since reaching the age of eighteen years. He was born in Johnson county, Missouri, January 31, 1861, and is a son of Simon and Harriet (Burgess) Taylor, who are mentioned in connection with the sketch of his brother, Charles M. Taylor, on another page of this work. The public school system of his native county afforded him his educational privileges. He made good use of his time and opportunities in that direction and when not busy with his textbooks he was assisting in the work of the home farm and thus learning valuable lessons in the school of experience. He had reached the age of eighteen years when he came to Washington, after which he remained at home, cooperating with his father in the development and improvement of a new farm up to the time of his marriage. In the meantime, however, he and his brothers, G. B., J. W. and J. F. Taylor, bought eight hundred acres of land, which they cultivated in partnership, and they also operated one thousand acres belonging to Whitman College. This they leased and the four brothers continued their farming interests together until about 1907, when a division of their holdings was made, and W. M. Taylor acquired three hundred and sixty acres of the land that had been held conjointly before. He has since purchased two hundred and forty acres adjoining his other tract, so that his home farm now comprises six hundred acres and constitutes one of the valuable wheat ranches of Columbia county. The soil is particularly adapted to wheat raising and the crops produced are most extensive and gratifying, for the methods which Mr. Taylor follows in the development of his fields are practical. All of the work on the farm is systematically done and is guided by his sound judgment. He uses the latest improved machinery to facilitate the work of the fields and there is no equipment of the model farm property of the twentieth century that is not found upon his place.

On September 18, 1889, occurred the marriage of Mr. Taylor and Miss Flora Kinyoun, of Johnson county, Missouri, who came to Washington to teach music in 1887. By her marriage she became the mother of two children: Harriet E., the wife of R. B. McElroy, of Spokane, Washington; and Laura E., the wife of Theodore Holsey, of Spokane, this state. The wife and mother passed away in 1897 and on November 29, 1899, Mr. Taylor was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Lillian Devall, née Pinkley, who was a teacher in the public schools of Walla Walla and Columbia counties. To this marriage has been born a daughter, Florence G.

Fraternally Mr. Taylor is connected with Touchet Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F., and he also belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen. His political views are in accord with the principles of the democratic party. He and his wife are members of the Methodist church and their lives are guided by its teachings and its principles. Aside from his farming interests Mr. Taylor became one of the incorporators of the Exchange Bank of Waitsburg, of which he is still a stockholder. He has made for himself a very creditable position as a substantial farmer and representative citizen of Columbia county. After the harvests are gathered he takes up his abode in Waitsburg, where he has an attractive city home and there spends the winters. The extent and importance of his business interests have made him widely and favorably known and his life record should serve as a source of inspiration and encouragement to others, indicating what may be accomplished through persistent and honorable effort. He has aided in demonstrating the possibilities for grain farming in this section of the state and the worth of his work, both as a source of individual success and of general prosperity, is widely acknowledged.

CHRISTIAN STURM, SR.

Christian Sturm, who one of the best known and most highly esteemed pioneers of the Walla Walla valley, was born in the kingdom of Wurttemberg, Germany, April 14, 1834. At the age of seventeen, accompanied by a brother, he came to the United States, the ocean voyage taking forty-two days.

He enjoyed telling a good joke on himself which occurred when he landed in New York with little of this world's goods. He met with a traveling Jew who said to him: "Carry these bags and suit cases for me several blocks and I'll pay you twenty-five cents." He accepted the offer and carried the luggage blocks and blocks until, finally in the heart of the city, they entered a building and climbed several flights of stairs. On one of the top floors the Jew took the luggage and asked him to wait a few minutes and he would return and pay him. He waited and waited patiently but the generous Jewish gentleman never returned. It was some little time before it dawned on him that he was "stung." It was a lesson, for the errand caused him to miss his boat and, also, his brother whom he never saw again. That night he spent sight seeing about New York, and while standing about admiring what was a most wonderful building to him he was thrown into jail where he was compelled to remain until morning and he often remarked, "his first and only time in jail was his first night in America."

After finishing his education in New York, he moved to Delaware and after spending two years in that state he went to Philadelphia where he enlisted in the service of the U. S. army in 1857. Shortly afterwards his company was moved to Newport, Kentucky, and then to New York; then, by the isthmus of Panama route to San Francisco and from the last named place to Astoria. Astoria at that time had but few buildings. Soon after he was stationed at Vancouver and a little later at the Cascades. With his company he walked to the upper Cascades and took the boat to The Dalles and from there he marched with his troop to Fort Walla Walla. He was five years in the army and during his enlistment he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. In the army he saw much real fighting. In 1858 he was in the expedition to Colville, which was in command of Colonel Wright. They encountered the Indians, nearly twelve thousand strong, who opened fire on the troops, and the famous battle of Steptoe was fought. During this battle Captain Taylor was killed. Captain Taylor was wearing a silk sash which he took off and presented to Lieutenant Sturm of whom he was very fond. The sash he always kept in memory of momentous hours of danger and as a sacred memento of a true friendship, and it now hangs in its familiar place in his widow's home. The Indians that fought at Steptoe consisted of the Yakimas, Colvilles, Palouses, Spokanes and Coeur d'Alenes. In this famous battle the troops fortified themselves on Steptoe Butte and how bravely they fought history tells. During the battle many Indians were dispatched and as many as one thousand Indian ponies were killed.

After retiring from the army as lieutenant, acting as assistant quartermaster, First Cavalry United States of America, 1862, at Fort Walla Walla (the same fort that President Wilson ordered used in 1917 for a training camp for the Washington State Field Artillery, under command of Major Paul Weyrauch) the wonderful opportunities of the Inland Empire country made a strong appeal to Mr. Sturm. After spending a year mining at Orofino, Idaho, he returned to Walla Walla and went into the livery business with Fred Kraft. After a short time he disposed of his interest in the livery and engaged in the general merchandise business with O. B. Brechtel for a partner. Their store was one of the first in Walla Walla; it was a headquarters for miners returning from the Orofino placer mines; the miners would deposit their gold dust with Messrs. Sturm and Brechtel for safe keeping, there being no banks at that time in Walla Walla. After remaining in the mercantile business for five years Mr. Sturm bought one hundred and sixty acres of land from H. M. Chase two and one-half miles from Walla Walla and engaged in farming. He acquired another adjoining one hundred and sixty acres; also homesteaded one hundred and sixty and preempted one hundred and sixty; then, in later years, he bought five hundred acres more. He was one of the most successful wheat and stock raisers in the valley.

Mr. Sturm was married in 1865 to Miss Marietta Roff. Four sons and two daughters were born to this union, and two sons and two daughters survive. Mrs. Sturm was born September 12, 1844, a daughter of Frederick Roff. Her girlhood was spent in Illinois, but in 1864 she with her parents left Quincy, that state, and they crossed the plains and mountains, using ox and horse teams, the crossing requiring six months. Many were the hardships they endured. Among others, their oxen got on a "poisoned meadow" and died. During the last part of their journey they traveled with a government train and arrived in Walla Walla, October 16, 1864. Mrs. Sturm's father, Frederick Roff, was perhaps the first man to take up a homestead in the valley, filing on one hundred and sixty acres about two and a half miles east of Walla Walla. He there resided until his death, August 2, 1890. Mrs. Sturm survives her husband and resides at the old Sturm home in Walla Walla. More extended mention in regard to the family of Frederick Roff is made in connection with the sketch of Oliver DeWitt, whose wife is a sister of Mrs. Sturm.

Mr. Sturm, who died on January 11, 1909, was one of the foremost pioneers of the western country. Taking up his abode in the northwest when Walla Walla boasted but a few log buildings and the tributary country was but a wilderness, he was one of those sturdy, upright characters who did his full share to help develop the country and make it the success it is today. At all times public spirited and keenly alive and devoted to the interests of the community he was one of the country's true builders. As one of the distinguished pioneers of the country--as a man who performed many good deeds in his day--his name will always be remembered and ever held in the highest respect.

WILLIAM M. SCOTT.

William M. Scott belonged to that class of honored pioneers who have laid broad and deep the foundation upon which has been built the present prosperity and greatness of the state of Washington. He was a resident of Walla Walla from 1905 until his death and for many years was prominently identified with the wheat industry in Umatilla county, Oregon. He was born in McLean county, Illinois, December 29, 1837, and was a son of John B. and Rena (Halsey) Scott. During his infancy he was taken by his maternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Halsey, with whom he remained until his ninth year, when his uncle, Dr. A. K. Scott, became his foster father, and with him William H. Scott remained until 1855, when at the age of eighteen years he started out in life independently. He went to Coffey county, Kansas, where he remained for one year and then started to return to Illinois but stopped off in Daviess county, Missouri, and decided to remain. He there continued until 1859, when he again went to Kansas and in 1860 he started across the plains for the western country, his objective point being the Walla Walla valley, of which he had heard much. The lure of the California gold fields, however, drew him as a magnet and his course was diverted. He was one of the party to which J. L. Stubblefield belonged. The company subsequently divided but Mr. Scott and others proceeded to California. After spending several months in that state he came, in 1861, northward and located at McMinnville, Oregon, where he attended college for a time. In 1862 he engaged in freighting with ox teams from Wallula to Lewiston and subsequently from The Dalles to the Idaho mines. In the fall of 1863 he went to Salem, Oregon, where he resided for seven years. He then crossed the mountains, locating near Prineville, where he was engaged in the live stock business for eight years. In 1878 he removed to Umatilla county, Oregon, where he took up a homestead and a timber culture near Helix. One of these claims subsequently sold for two hundred dollars, but later he bought it back for forty-two hundred dollars. He acquired a full section of six hundred and forty acres of the best land in the wheat belt and engaged in farming eight hundred acres, leasing a quarter section adjoining his place. One year he harvested sixty-six bushels of wheat to the acre upon his farm and he averaged from year to year from forty to forty-five bushels. He experienced all the hardships and privations of early pioneer life and twice in the year 1878 was forced to leave Helix on account of the hostility of the Indians and seek refuge in Fort Walla Walla. However, he persevered and his determination and energy overcame the obstacles in the path of material advancement, while changing conditions, brought about by the settlement of the country, soon obviated the necessity of protecting against Indian attack. In 1905, after many years successfully devoted to farming, he retired from active agricultural life and removed to Walla Walla, where he remained until called to his final home, on January 18, 1915.

Mr. Scott was united in marriage to Miss Anna D. Caplinger, a daughter of Jacob and Jane (Woodside) Caplinger, of Salem, Oregon. They crossed the plains from Fulton county, Illinois, to Oregon in 1845 and settled in Oregon City but after two years removed to Marion county, that state, taking up their abode on the prairie four miles east of Salem, where they remained until called to their final rest. The father died on the 20th of June, 1904, and the mother survived only until the 26th of July of the same year. In 1845, on their journey across the plains, which was made by way of the Mount Hood route, they were there snowbound for more than three weeks with no food but coffee for several days.

Mr. and Mrs. Scott became the parents of nine children, namely: Mary L., who is the wife of J. M. Richardson, of Rosalia; Emma J., who gave her hand in marriage to Dr. E. A. Mann, of Portland, Oregon; John A., who resides in Lacrosse, Washington; Ira C., who operates the home farm for his mother, now residing in Walla Walla; Ray W., who passed away in 1902, when sixteen years of age; and Alexander, Charles, Walter and Bertha, who are also deceased.

In his political views Mr. Scott was a stalwart democrat and in 1890 he was a candidate for county judge of Umatilla county. His life was that of a consistent Christian and for more than twenty years he was an elder in the Church of Christ at Helix. He was also a public-spirited citizen and a factor in the advancement of the county's welfare and interests along many lines. Death called him January 18, 1915. A modern philosopher has said: "Not the good that comes to us, but the good that comes to the world through us, is the measure of our success"; and judged by that standard Mr. Scott was a most successful man, for he went about doing good, extending a helping hand to the poor and needy, assisting in the work of general improvement and shedding around him much of life's sunshine. His widow now occupies a beautiful home on South Division street in Walla Walla. She, too, is a member of the Church of Christ and gives liberally to its support and in charitable work, her benevolences being many.

CHESTER J. WOODS.

Chester J. Woods, a representative agriculturist of Walla Walla county, was born April 23, 1883, on a farm adjoining the one on which he now resides, on section 7, township 9 north, range 37 east. He is a son of Joel Woods, mentioned elsewhere in this work. He pursued his education in the public schools, supplemented by study in the academy at Waitsburg, and through the period of his boyhood and youth he aided largely in the work of the home farm, so that he was well qualified by actual experience to take up farming on his own account when he attained his majority. At that time he purchased land on section 8, becoming the owner of seven hundred acres, all of which is now improved. The fields are carefully cultivated and the buildings upon the place indicate the progressive spirit of the owner. He has always engaged in wheat raising and also in raising stock and both branches of his business are proving profitable. He is also a stockholder in the Self-Oiling Wheel & Bearing Company of Walla Walla.

On the 30th of March, 1910, Mr. Woods was married to Miss Jennie Caplinger, who was born in Umatilla county, Oregon, a daughter of T. W. and Marie Caplinger, who are also natives of that place. They are now residents of Walla Walla. Both Mr. and Mrs. Woods hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is one of the trustees, and they take an active part in its work. Mrs. Woods is a graduate of the Waitsburg high school and Ellensburg Normal School and for seven years successfully engaged in teaching prior to her marriage.

In politics Mr. Woods is a democrat and has served as school director and as clerk but has not been an active worker along political lines. He stands for progress and improvement in public affairs, however, and is willing to support any measure that tends to uphold civic interest. Both he and his wife are held in the highest esteem because of their genuine worth and the hospitality of the best homes in the county is freely accorded them.

PETER McCLUNG.

Peter McClung, of Pomeroy, editor and publisher of the East Washingtonian, was born in Clarke county, Washington, a son of Mathew and Catherine (Wigle) McClung. He was one of four children, the others being: Mrs. Susan Shoemaker, now living in Gresham, Oregon; Mrs. Jennie Buchanan, of Portland; and Edward A., living in Bakersfield, California.

Peter McClung was the third in order of birth and was educated in Clarke and Columbia counties of Washington, attending the schools of Dayton. He learned the printer's trade and as a compositor became connected with the Washingtonian in 1885, his brother-in-law, E. T. Wilson, having founded the paper in 1881. Eight years later, or in 1889, Mr. McClung purchased an interest in the paper and became associated in the business with E. M. Pomeroy, then publisher. Three years afterward he bought out Mr. Pomeroy and has since been owner and publisher thereof. In later years he has been assisted by his son, who pursued a special course in journalism in the State University and who now practically manages the paper.

In 1886 Mr. McClung was united in marriage to Miss Alva E. Pomeroy, a daughter of Joseph M. Pomeroy, who was the founder of the town which bears his name. Mr. and Mrs. McClung have become the parents of two sons: Ray, who has charge at Washington, D. C., of the weekly newspaper publications under the direction of the committee on public information; and Hugh, who is with his father in business.

Fraternally Mr. McClung is an Odd Fellow, and he and his family are connected with the Christian church. In politics he has always maintained an independent course and has the distinction of having published for more than a quarter of a century an absolutely independent paper. His entire life has been passed in the west and with the development and progress of his section of the state he has been helpfully associated.

GEORGE E. KELLOUGH.

Characterized by a spirit of undaunted enterprise, George E. Kellough has won a place among the most substantial and progressive business men of Walla Walla, where he now figures in financial circles as the president of the Third National Bank. He was born in Ontario, Canada, on the 9th of May, 1872, a son of William H. and Ann Grace Kellough, both of whom were natives of Canada. The former was of Irish extraction, while the latter was of French lineage. They spent their entire lives in Canada, residing for many years in Winnipeg, Manitoba, where they were among the pioneer settlers.

George E. Kellough, reared in Winnipeg, there pursued his education in the public schools and at the age of nineteen years, attracted by the broader business opportunities which he felt he might find across the border, he came to the United States and made his way to the western part of the country, reaching Walla Walla county, Washington, in July, 1891. He started in business life here as a ranch hand, but ambition actuated him at every point in his career and continually lured him on to better things. Subsequently he took up a homestead and in time acquired other land, for as his financial resources increased he made judicious investment in property and for some six years was actively and successfully engaged in farming. He then turned his attention to business interests of the city and in 1899 took up his abode in Walla Walla, where he established a clothing and furnishing goods store. He was prominently identified with that business for a decade and built up an extensive trade, ever endeavoring to please his patrons, while his honorable business methods constituted one of the strong features of his growing success. Then a still broader field seemed to open before him and in February, 1910, he made his initial step in financial circles, becoming connected with the Third National Bank as president of the institution, over whose financial policy he has since presided. His plans are well formulated. The business under his direction has been carefully systematized and he has ever recognized the fact that the bank is most worthy of support which most carefully safeguards the interests of depositors. While extending every possible courtesy of the bank to patrons, he has never erred on the side of ultra progressiveness, his actions at all times being tempered by a safe conservatism. His name, therefore, has become a synonym for sound judgment and thorough reliability and he today occupies a central place on the stage of banking activity in Walla Walla county.

In 1893 Mr. Kellough was united in marriage to Miss Viola Purdy, a daughter of Orlando Purdy, who was a Michigan farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Kellough have become the parents of two children, Lance E. and Erma G. Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Mr. Kellough has given consistent and loyal support to the republican party and has been an earnest and active worker in its ranks. His fellow townsmen, appreciative of his worth and ability, have called him to public office and for two terms, in 1906 and 1907, he served as mayor of Walla Walla, giving to the city a businesslike and progressive administration. He is a member of the Commercial Club, in the work of which he has taken a most active and helpful interest and for one term he served as its president. In this connection he promoted many activities looking to the further development of Walla Walla, the extension of its trade relations and the promotion of its civic standards. He has been very prominent as an Odd Fellow, holding membership in Trinity Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F. He has passed through all of the chairs in both the local lodge and in the state organization, and few in Washington have equalled him in active and effective service for the upbuilding of the organization. In fact he is one of the best known Odd Fellows in all the northwestern country. He is likewise connected with the Woodmen of the World, the Fraternal Order of Eagles and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He is actuated by a spirit of progressiveness in all that he does. There are in his life few leisure hours. He is constantly busied with some interest either for the benefit of his own fortunes or for the upbuilding of the district with which he is connected, and his labors have been effective, beneficial and resultant.

MARCUS ZÜGER, JR.

Prominent among the most alert and progressive farmers of Walla Walla county is numbered Marcus Züger, Jr., who is the owner of extensive and valuable holdings in Walla Walla and in Garfield counties. He was born January 1, 1878, in the county where he still resides, being a son of Marcus Züger, Sr., of whom mention is made elsewhere in this work. His youthful days were spent in the usual manner of farm bred boys and the habits of industry and close application which he early developed have constituted the foundation of his present success. He remained under the parental roof until he had attained his majority and at the age of twenty-five years, at which time he was married, he began farming for himself on the old homestead, comprising fourteen hundred and sixty-eight acres of land. He has since been prominently and extensively identified with agricultural interests in Walla Walla county and in addition to the old homestead tract he is now the owner of eleven hundred and seventy acres in Garfield county, which is highly improved and which brings to him a gratifying annual rental. He follows the most progressive methods in all of his farm work, utilizes the latest improved machinery and upon his place is found every convenience and accessory of the model farm of the twentieth century. He has closely studied scientific methods of wheat raising, whereby he has greatly enhanced the productiveness of his fields. Aside from his farming interests he is connected with the Exchange Bank at Waitsburg as one of its directors.

In 1904 Mr. Züger was united in marriage to Miss Jennie L. Woodworth, a native of New York, and they have become parents of four children, Margaret D., Arthur Frederick, Kenneth and Erma. Mrs. Züger is a member of the Christian church, while Mr. Züger fraternally is connected with the Masons and with the Knights of Pythias and in his life exemplifies the beneficent spirit on which these organizations are based. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and he has served as county commissioner for two years. He has also proved his friendship to the cause of public education by active service as a member of the school board. He stands for progress and improvement in all things relating to the public welfare and has never allowed personal ambitions or interests to dwarf his public spirit or activities. His views have ever found expression in prompt action rather than in theory and he is a man of stable purpose, accomplishing what he undertakes.

ALFRED LARSON.

Alfred Larson, head miller of the mill of the Portland Flouring Mills Company at Dayton and thus prominently identified with the industrial activity and development of southeastern Washington, was born in Sweden, May 13, 1856, a son of Edward and Margaret Larson, both of whom spent their entire lives in Sweden, the father following the occupation of farming there.

Alfred Larson was reared in his native country and its public schools afforded him his educational opportunities. In 1878, when a young man of twenty-two years, he crossed the Atlantic and made his way to Minneapolis, Minnesota. He had previously learned the miller's trade in Sweden, having entered upon an apprenticeship to that work when a youth of but fifteen years. After coming to the new world he secured employment in the flouring mills of Minneapolis and during two different periods devoted seventeen years to that business in that city, spending the entire time with two companies. In 1891 he first came to the far northwest, making his way to Salem, Oregon, where he was employed as head miller by the Portland Flouring Mills Company. He remained in that position in Salem for four years and then returned to Minneapolis, where he spent the succeeding seven years as second miller in one of the city's most important milling plants. In 1902 he again came to the west, this time accepting the position of head miller in the Creston Mills at Creston, Washington, where he resided for three and a half years. He then went to Condon, Oregon, where he took charge of the plant of the Portland Flouring Mills Company, which he managed for five years. He was transferred to the Albino Mills, owned by the same company at Portland, Oregon, and a year later he resigned his position there to engage in the real estate business in Portland. That, however, proved an unsuccessful venture and he returned to the milling business, accepting the position of head miller of the plant of the Portland Flouring Mills Company at Dayton. In this important position he has since continued and the success of the business at this point is attributable to his skill, enterprise and close application. He has won a substantial position among the foremost millers of the northwest.

In 1882 Mr. Larson was united in marriage to Miss Bertha Corlstrom, who was born in Sweden and emigrated to the United States with a sister when a maiden of fourteen years. Mr. and Mrs. Larson have become the parents of three children, two of whom are living, namely: Mabel, the wife of C. N. Lockridge, who is serving as county clerk of Gilliam county, Oregon; and Wallace, a mechanical engineer and miller who is assisting his father in the mill.

Mr. Larson gives his political allegiance to the republican party and fraternally is identified with the Masons, belonging to Creston Lodge, No. 123, F. & A. M.; Davenport Chapter, No. 25, R. A. M.; Zion Commandery, No. 2, K. T.; and Al Kader Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Portland, Oregon. Mr. Larson's record is that of one who through orderly progression has reached a creditable position in the business world. Coming to America when a young man of twenty-two years without capital save energy, ambition and a knowledge of his trade, he has steadily worked his way upward and among his marked characteristics should be mentioned his fidelity and loyalty to the interests which he serves. This is indicated by the fact that he continued for seventeen years in the employ of but two companies in Minneapolis and that he has been gladly received back into the ranks of the representatives of the Portland Flouring Mills Company, with which company he has been associated for twenty-five years and with which he now occupies a position of responsibility and importance. There is no phase of the milling business with which he is not thoroughly familiar and he is thus well qualified to discharge the onerous duties that devolve upon him in his present connection. Dayton numbers him among her foremost citizens and accords him a high measure of respect and goodwill.

CANTREL R. FRAZIER.

Cantrel R. Frazier is a retired farmer residing at No. 305 Newell street in Walla Walla. He has passed the eighty-sixth milestone on life's journey and well deserves the rest which has come to him, for it is the reward of persistent, earnest and intelligently directed effort in former years. He was born in Barren county, Kentucky, February 15, 1832, a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Marshall) Frazier. The mother died in Kentucky, after which the father removed to Missouri in 1846. There his remaining days were passed, his death occurring in that state in the early '70s.

Cantrel R. Frazier in young manhood, or in 1853, when twenty-one years of age, crossed the plains with a drove of cattle belonging to the firm of Packwood & Lewis of San Jose, California. He was accompanied on the trip by his brother William and five months were spent upon the road ere they reached their destination. After the cattle were delivered to their employers they took up a homestead in Tulare county, California, after which they paid ten cents per pound for seed wheat. They planted fifteen acres and harvested six hundred bushels, for which they received six cents per pound. For two years they remained in the Golden state and then returned to Missouri.

In 1857 Cantrel R. Frazier was united in marriage to Miss Salitha Shubert and in 1864 he again crossed the plains with Walla Walla as his destination. He made the trip with one yoke of oxen and a small wagon and brought with him his wife and two children, one of the children being born in Colorado while they were en route to the Pacific coast.

After reaching Washington, Mr. Frazier homesteaded one hundred and sixty acres of land on Dry creek, about nine miles east of the city of Walla Walla, and upon that farm he resided until his removal to Walla Walla in 1907. He had there lived for forty-three years and his labors had wrought a marked transformation in the appearance of the place. He had planted a variety of fruit and nut trees upon his farm as well as various kinds of grain. Chestnut trees planted in 1884 are now seven feet seven inches in circumference. His fields were most carefully cultivated and the results attained were very gratifying. On the completion of the Northern Pacific Railroad into this section of the state, Mr. Frazier and his wife went back to the old Missouri home on a visit. When he again came to the northwest he brought with him some shell bark and some bull hickory nuts, also some butternut trees and black walnut trees. He likewise has persimmon trees upon his place and one of his apple trees is perhaps the largest apple tree in the state. It measures more than seven feet and seven inches in circumference around the base and has a spread of fifty-seven feet, while in height it has reached forty-two feet. In 1907 it yielded a crop of one hundred and twenty-six and a half boxes of fruit of Frazier's prolific variety. From this old tree a number of gavels have been made by the Commercial Club and one was presented to Mr. Frazier. He owns one hundred and seventy acres of land and his place has been brought under a very high state of development and improvement, so that it yields to him a most gratifying annual return.

Mr. and Mrs. Frazier reared a family of six children; namely Florence, who is the wife of Samuel Philips, formerly of Weston, Oregon, but now of Walla Walla; Benjamin, a cattle man living in northern Washington; Jane, who is the wife of Joseph Gwin, of Walla Walla county; Armeda, who gave her hand in marriage to Samuel McHenry, of St. Francois county, Missouri; John, who follows farming in Walla Walla township; and Dora, the wife of Daniel Neiswanger, of Bend, Oregon. The wife and mother died in 1907 after a happy married life of half a century.

Mr. Frazier was again married in 1907 to Mrs. Missouri Ann Wightman, a native of Wayne county, Missouri, and a daughter of Thomas J. and Lucinda Swezea, the former born in Tennessee and the latter in Missouri. In 1859 the parents, accompanied by their six children, started across the plains with two hundred head of cattle, which dwindled down to about one hundred head before reaching Walla Walla. Mr. Swezea purchased a claim about eight miles from the city on Cottonwood creek. On the 8th of July, 1860, a son, Charles L., was added to the family, he being the first white child born in Walla Walla. Mr. Swezea died at the age of seventy-seven years and his wife at the age of seventy-five. Of their nine children only four are now living, namely: Mrs. Nancy J. Harer, of Walla Walla; Missouri Ann, now Mrs. Frazier; Smith W., a resident of Harrison, Idaho; and Charles L., of Walla Walla county. Mrs. Frazier was a girl of fifteen years when she came to this state and on reaching womanhood married William Wightman, by whom she had one child, Elizabeth, the wife of William Wiseman, of Tacoma.

In his political views Mr. Frazier is a democrat, which party he has supported since reaching adult age. He belongs to the Christian church, while his wife is a member of the Presbyterian church. They are people of genuine personal worth, enjoying in large measure the friendship and kindly regard of those with whom thy have been brought in contact. Their own home is noted for its warm-hearted hospitality and is the scene of many delightful social gatherings. For fifty-three years Mr. Frazier has resided in this county and has been a witness of much of its development and improvement. His own labors have demonstrated in large measure what can be accomplished in the way of raising fruits and nuts in this section. He has ever been progressive in his work and the practical methods which he has followed have brought substantial results. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to try his fortune in the northwest. He here found conditions favorable to the man who is willing to work, for the land is rich in its natural resources and Mr. Frazier accordingly brought his diligence to play with the result that he is today the possessor of a handsome competence which surrounds him with all of the necessities and comforts of life and some of its luxuries.

HENRY S. COPELAND.

Henry S. Copeland, deceased, was one of the early pioneer settlers of Walla Walla county, arriving here in 1862. He found a largely unsettled and undeveloped region in which the work of improvement had scarcely been begun. The Indians in the state far outnumbered the white settlers and only here and there had been founded a little town, showing that the seeds of civilization had been planted on the western frontier which were later to bear fruit in the development of one of the most progressive commonwealths of the Union.

Henry S. Copeland was born in Vermont in 1824 and was a son of Thomas Copeland, who came from Ireland to Canada in young manhood. Later he crossed the border into the United States, establishing his home in Vermont, where he resided up to the time of his death. Both he and his wife died when their son Henry was a small boy. He was born upon a farm and continued to work at farm labor through the period of his youth, dividing his time between the tasks of the fields and attendance at the district schools through the winter months. At an early age he began farming on his own account and 1857 found him in Sacramento, California, while in 1859 he was in the Willamette valley. In 1862 he crossed to Walla Walla, believing that the growing community there would offer him the best opportunities. It was not long thereafter until he had purchased a home and subsequently he took up a homestead claim, southeast of Walla Walla. For many years he was prominently identified with the agricultural interests of this county and from time to time purchased other land until his holdings were very extensive. He utilized every chance for judicious investment and never lost faith in the future of this district, for he readily appreciated the fact that nature was kind to this region and had placed before man many opportunities for successful business in this section.

Mr. Copeland was united in marriage, in the Willamette valley, to Miss Mary Ann Morton, a daughter of William and Catherine Morton, of Illinois, and they became the parents of nine children, four of whom survive. The wife and mother passed away in April, 1957, while the death of Mr. Copeland occurred twelve years earlier in February, 1905. He was very prominent in Masonic circles as well as in his business connections and in his life exemplified the beneficent spirit of the craft. He was ever ready to extend a helping hand to a brother of the fraternity or to aid any fellow traveler on life's journey. He was broad-minded and liberal in his views and had many qualities which made him worthy of the high regard in which he was uniformly held.

JOHN W. BROOKS.

For almost a quarter of a century John W. Brooks has been actively engaged in the practice of law in Walla Walla and throughout that period has steadily forged to the front until he has long since occupied an enviable position in the foremost rank of the attorneys of Washington. He was born in Asheville, North Carolina, September 9, 1870, a son of Charles and Elizabeth (Cagle) Brooks, both of whom were natives of that state, where they spent their entire lives. The father died in the same building in which he was born, passing away in his ninetieth year, after having devoted his entire life to general agricultural pursuits.

John W. Brooks was reared upon the home farm and the public schools afforded him his early educational privileges. Being desirous of preparing for the bar, he afterward entered the University of North Carolina, which conferred upon him his degree as a lawyer upon his graduation with the class of 1892. He was admitted to the bar on the 24th of September of that year and following his admission he opened an office in Asheville, North Carolina, where he remained in practice until the 15th of February, 1893. Thinking that the west offered still better business opportunities, he then left the Atlantic coast to make his way to the Pacific seaboard and eventually arrived in Walla Walla, where he has since practiced independently. He is an able lawyer, possessing comprehensive knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence and is seldom if ever at fault in the application of such principles to the point in litigation. His reasoning is sound, his deductions clear and his arguments convincing. For twenty-four years he has now practiced in Walla Walla and has long been accorded a position of leadership among the attorneys of this section of the state.

On the 18th of July, 1898, Mr. Brooks was united in marriage to Miss Esther Belle Singleton, a daughter of John Singleton, a pioneer of 1857, who for many years was closely identified with the development and progress of Walla Walla county, where he passed away in 1893. His widow still survives at the notable old age of ninety-one years. To Mr. and Mrs. Brooks has been born one child, Virginia, now deceased.

Fraternally Mr. Brooks is identified with Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E., with Washington Lodge, No. 19, I. O. O. F., and with the Modern Woodmen of America. He has always been deeply interested in the welfare and progress of the section of the state in which he lives and he has proven his faith in Walla Walla county and its future by making extensive investments in farm lands. The sterling traits of his character have gained him wide acquaintance and he has an extensive circle of friends, who entertain for him the warmest regard by reason of his personal qualities as well as for his professional achievements.

GEORGE TOMPKINS POLLARD.

George Tompkins Pollard is a resident farmer of Columbia county, living on section 6, township 9 north, range 38 east. He is the oldest settler in that district and has been identified with the Inland Empire, its pioneer development and its later progress, since 1855. He was born in Linn county, Missouri, June 15, 1835, a son of Roger B. and Sarah C. (Smith) Pollard. The father was a native of Richmond, Virginia, while the mother's birth occurred in Rockingham county, Virginia. They were married in Shelby county, Kentucky, to which district they had removed in young manhood and womanhood. They began their domestic life in Shelby county, where they remained for a number of years, and about 1820 they established their home in Linn county, Missouri, where they lived for two decades. They afterward moved to the Platte Purchase, settling near St. Joseph, Missouri, where both passed away.

George T. Pollard acquired a district school education in his native state and at sixteen years of age left the parental roof to start out in life on his own account. In the spring of 1852 he crossed the plains with an ox team to California and for three years was engaged in mining on the Cosmos river in what is now Amador county. In July, 1855, he made his way northward into Oregon to visit a brother and while on that visit enlisted in the service to fight the Indians. He took part in the Yakima Indian war and later for three years was engaged in packing supplies for Colonel Rice and Colonel Steptoe and was in the latter's employ when he was defeated by the Indians. Mr. Pollard was in Wallula on the 20th of December, 1855, and on the 22d or 23d participated in the fight with the Indians near Whitman Station. He is the oldest settler now living in this part of the state and there is no one more familiar with every phase of pioneer life and experience than he. His military service made him acquainted with every phase of Indian warfare and later he met all of the hardships and privations incident to the task of developing a new farm. On the 6th of August, 1859, he filed on the homestead where he now lives and upon that place has resided continuously since, covering a period of fifty-eight years. As his financial resources increased he purchased more land from time to time and now owns four hundred and ninety-five acres.

In 1860 Mr. Pollard was united in marriage to Miss Harriet L. Wiseman, of Walla Walla county, who crossed the plains with her father, John Wiseman, in 1852, settling in Linn county, Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. Pollard became the parents of the following children, namely: Melissa; Ann; John B., who is deceased; Mary; Oliver; Etta; Bettie; Ella and Cordelia, who have passed away; Frank; Robert; and Roy.

In politics Mr. Pollard is independent, never caring to bind himself by party ties. He was appointed a member of the first board of county commissioners after the organization of Columbia county and was a member of the school board for more than thirty years. At different times he has been urged by his friends to accept nomination for various important political offices but has always refused, preferring to do his public duty as private citizen. He and his wife are members of the Methodist church and their well spent lives have been guided by its teachings. When the state of Washington was yet cut off from the advantages and comforts of the east by the long stretches of sand and the high mountains, he made his way across the plains, braving all the trials and hardships of pioneer life in order to make a home in the Inland Empire, rich in its resources yet unclaimed from the dominion of the red man. As the years have come and gone he has borne his part in the work of general progress and improvement and has been a prominent factor in promoting agricultural development. The days of chivalry and knighthood in Europe cannot furnish more interesting or romantic tales than our own western history.

CHARLES ALEXANDER McCABE.

Charles Alexander McCabe, a well known attorney at law of southeastern Washington, practicing in Pomeroy as a member of the firm of Kuykendall & McCabe, was born June 18, 1889, in the city where he still resides, his parents being Charles A. and Mary (Bohan) McCabe. The father was a native of Ireland and the mother of Pennsylvania. The former came to the United States in 1848, as a boy of eleven years, in company with his parents, who settled in Pennsylvania, where the son attained his majority. About 1864 he determined to try his fortune on the Pacific coast and made his way westward to Walla Walla, after which he operated a pack train and also engaged in prospecting and mining, thus becoming familiar with pioneer experiences and lines of business such as are common in frontier districts. In 1865 he removed to Garfield county, where he turned his attention to the sheep industry and through the following twenty years, except for a few years in Montana, was prominently identified with sheep raising in this section of the state. He subsequently became postmaster of Pomeroy, which position he occupied for several years, discharging his duties with promptness, fidelity and capability. He was also engaged in the jewelry business and for many years ranked with the prominent business men and progressive citizens of Pomeroy, contributing much to its upbuilding and progress along material and other lines. He was married in Pennsylvania in 1888 and passed away in 1913, Mrs. McCabe having preceded him in 1901.

Charles Alexander McCabe, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the public schools of Pomeroy and in Gonzaga College at Spokane. In the fall of 1909 he took up the study of law, reading in the office of Gose & Kuykendall, and in the spring of 1911 he was admitted to practice. Immediately following his admission he entered into his present partnership relations with Mr. Kuykendall, whose former partner, Mack F. Gose, had been elected to the bench. The firm of Kuykendall & McCabe has since been engaged in practice and their clientage is extensive and of a very important character. Mr. McCabe carefully qualified for the practice of law and in the conduct of his cases has shown notable resourcefulness combined with marked ability to accurately apply the principles of jurisprudence to the points in litigation.

In June, 1911, Mr. McCabe was united in marriage to Miss Anna Mock, of Columbia county, Washington, and to them have been born two sons and a daughter: Charles Patrick, Kathleen and Robert Alexander. The parents are communicants of the Catholic church and Mr. McCabe is identified with the Knights of Columbus and also with the Woodmen of the World. Both Mr. and Mrs. McCabe are well known socially in Pomeroy, occupying an enviable position in those circles where true worth and intelligence are accepted as passports into good society.

THOMAS COPELAND.

Thomas Copeland, whose extensive landed possessions aggregate more than three thousand acres, makes his home on section 12, township 6 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, where he is extensively engaged in farming and stock raising. He is one of the most progressive agriculturists of this part of the state and his intelligently directed activities have brought him a gratifying measure of success. He is a native son of the west and possesses the spirit of western enterprise. His birth occurred in McMinnville, Oregon, November 26, 1861, his parents being Henry S. and Mary Ann (Morton) Copeland, the former a native of Vermont, while the latter was born in Pennsylvania.

It was in 1849 that Henry S. Copeland crossed the plains to California, attracted by the discovery of gold on the Pacific coast. He remained in that state for a brief period and then made his way northward to Oregon, where he afterward met and married Miss Mary Ann Morton. They took up their abode upon a farm in that state and for a considerable period resided at McMinnville, but in 1863 they came north to Washington and settled in Walla Walla county, where the father secured a homestead, upon which he built a log cabin covered with a clapboard roof. They occupied that primitive dwelling for several years and experienced all the hardships and privations of pioneer life, but as time passed their labors brought substantial reward and they were able to secure more of the comforts of modern day civilization. The little log cabin was replaced by a commodious and substantial residence and other good farm buildings were added to the place, while the fields were brought under a high state of cultivation. In his later years Mr. Copeland retired from active farm work, having become possessed of a comfortable competence that was sufficient to supply him with all of the necessities and some of the luxuries of life through his remaining days. He and his wife removed to Walla Walla and there continued to make their home until called to their final rest. They had a family of ten children, four of whom are yet living.

Their son Thomas Copeland was but two years of age when the family came from Oregon to Washington, so that he was reared and educated in Walla Walla county. He pursued his studies in one of the old-time log schoolhouses of that early period. The methods of instruction, too, were somewhat primitive and thus his opportunities in that direction were restricted but his training in farm work was of an extensive character. He remained at home until he attained his majority, after which he purchased the farm upon which he now resides, and adding to his possessions at intervals as his financial resources have increased, he has become the owner of over three thousand acres of rich, arable and valuable land. He has made a specialty of raising wheat and also of raising stock. He keeps full bred Hereford cattle and also Clydesdale and Percheron horses upon his place. His stock raising interests have become an important feature of his business and add materially to his annual income. Moreover, his farm is situated in the rich wheat belt of the Inland Empire and his yearly grain crop is a most satisfactory one. In addition to his other interests Mr. Copeland is a stockholder in the Third National Bank of Walla Walla, of which he was one of the organizers.

In March, 1887, Mr. Copeland wedded Miss Minnie Harman, who was born in the state of New York, a daughter of William Harman, who came to Walla Walla at a very early day and continued his residence here until called to the home beyond. To Mr. and Mrs. Copeland have been born four children: Ralph and Clara, at home; Martha, who died at the age of nineteen years; and Glenn, who completes the family.

In politics Mr. Copeland is a stalwart republican and while not an office seeker he has served for twenty-seven years on the school board, the cause of education finding in him indeed a stalwart champion. He belongs to Washington Lodge, No. 19, I. O. O. F., and in his life exemplifies the spirit of the organization, which is based upon the recognition of man's obligations to his fellowmen. His life has been well spent and has gained for him the goodwill and honor of his fellowmen. In business affairs he has always displayed sound judgment and keen discrimination and has readily discerned the essential elements in the successful conduct of any business transaction. His plans have ever been well defined and carefully executed and he never stops short of the accomplishment of his purpose, for he recognizes the fact that when one avenue of opportunity seems closed he can carve out other paths which will lead to the desired goal. He has become connected with a number of important enterprises in this county aside from his farming interests and his business activity makes him a valued and substantial citizen of his district.

THE WALLA WALLA UNION.

One of the pioneers of Walla Walla, getting younger and more vigorous with the passing of years, is the Walla Walla Union, established in 1869 and published continuously ever since. A little four-page weekly, hand set, and with a small circulation at that time, the Union has developed into a metropolitan daily, carrying full, leased-wire Associated Press service and is equipped with modern linotypes and fast rotary presses. The Union has been a part of the community life of Walla Walla for nearly a half century and while in the struggles of early pioneer life it suffered many hardships in common with many of the citizens that it has served during a lifetime, it has grown in strength with the community until today it is a part of the solid worth of the Inland Empire. The Union is the only morning newspaper published within a radius of nearly one hundred miles of Walla Walla. The Union is published by a corporation of which E. G. Robb is president, D. W. Ifft business manager and B. E. La Due managing editor.

JOHN L. WALLACE.

For almost ten years John L. Wallace has been engaged in the abstract, real estate, loan and insurance business in Dayton, where he conducts his interests as a partner in the firm of the Weatherford-Wallace Company, ranking with the leading business men and representative residents of the city. He was born in Harvey county, Kansas, on the 16th of August, 1874, his parents being John T. and Hannah J. (Frederick) Wallace, who came west to Washington in 1886, settling in Whitman county. The father was engaged in educational work for twenty-three years, teaching in Kansas and Missouri, and after coming to Washington he identified himself with mercantile interests and for a number of years was engaged in business in Albion. Subsequently he resumed the profession of teaching and became connected with the schools of Lincoln county, where he was located at the time of his death, which occurred about 1906. For several years he had survived his wife, who died on Christmas day of 1900.

John L. Wallace had the usual advantages of the public schools and in 1892 entered the Portland (Oregon) Business College, where he pursued a commercial course. In the summer of 1893 he was offered and accepted the position of manager of a grain warehouse in Albion and in 1894 and 1895 he was a student in the Washington Agricultural College at Pullman, now the Washington State College. Subsequently he went to Hailey, Idaho, where he was employed for two and a half years in a grocery house. He then returned home but after a year he went to Portland, Oregon, in 1898 and became one of the teachers in the Portland Business College, there spending seven years. While thus engaged he took up the study of law, attending night school, and in 1901 he was admitted to the bar in the state of Oregon. He continued teaching, however, in the business college until 1904, when he returned to Whitman county, Washington, and through the succeeding two years devoted his attention to merchandising in Albion. In the fall of 1907 he was appointed deputy county prosecutor of Whitman county and on the 1st of July, 1908, he came to Dayton, where he bought a partnership in the Geo. B. Baker Company, an abstract, real estate, loan and insurance business. He has since been engaged in this line and has won for himself a prominent position, having a very large clientage. He has negotiated many important realty transfers, has placed many loans and has written a large amount of insurance, so that his business has reached a most gratifying figure.

On the 4th of June, 1902, Mr. Wallace was united in marriage to Miss Sophia A. Schmidt, of Portland, Oregon, by whom he has one child, Dean Leslie. Mr. Wallace was a stalwart supporter of republican principles for many years but in 1912 left the ranks of the party and followed Roosevelt in the organization of the progressive party. He has since been a stanch advocate of progressive republicanism and is recognized as one of the political leaders of this section of the state. Fraternally he is connected with Dayton Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M.; Dayton Chapter, No. 5, R. A. M.; Alki Lodge, No. 136, I. O. O. F.; and the Dayton Lodge of the Knights of Pythias, while both he and his wife are members of Rainbow Chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star.

For the past seven years Mr. Wallace has served as city clerk of Dayton and has made a most excellent record as a public official, being careful and systematic in the discharge of his duties and at all times prompt and faithful to the trust reposed in him. He has many admirable traits of character, is loyal to the public good, is thoroughly reliable in all business dealings, holds friendship inviolable and is devoted to the welfare of his family. His pronounced characteristics have gained for him a high position in public regard, while his enterprise and indefatigable energy have placed him among the leading business men of his adopted city.

LEON B. KENWORTHY.

Leon B. Kenworthy is actively engaged in the practice of law in Dayton and in a profession where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit and ability he has made for himself a creditable position. He was born in Salem, Oregon, February 16, 1874, a son of James and Lydia A. (Williams) Kenworthy, both of whom were natives of Indiana. In the year 1872 they removed westward to Oregon, settling upon a farm where they resided until 1879. In that year they went to what was then Walla Walla county and took up their abode in Huntsville, where the father secured a tract of land and again engaged in farming, spending his remaining days upon that place, his death occurring October 23, 1911. The mother died October 23, 1917. In their family were ten children, seven of whom are yet living.

Leon B. Kenworthy was reared and educated in Washington, having been but five years of age at the time of the removal of his parents from Oregon to this state. Liberal educational opportunities were accorded him. After completing his common school course he matriculated in Pacific College at Newberg, where he won the Bachelor of Arts degree upon his graduation with the class of 1900. He then pursued his law course, which he completed in 1902, graduating from the law department of the University of Washington. He was admitted to the bar and entered upon active practice in Dayton in 1904. Through the intervening period he has steadily advanced until he now occupies a foremost position in the front rank of leading attorneys in Dayton. He prepares his cases with great thoroughness, is skillful in the presentation of his arguments, is logical in his deductions and sound in his reasoning.

In 1909 Mr. Kenworthy was united in marriage to Miss Alice M. Spurgeon, a native of Illinois, and to them have been born two sons: Jack Garry, deceased; and Max Spurgeon. The parents are members of the Congregational church and in his fraternal relations Mr. Kenworthy is connected with the Knights of Pythias and is a member of the D. O. K. K. in that order. Politically he is a republican, giving stalwart support to the party, and for a number of years he has acceptably filled the office of city attorney, most carefully safe-guarding the legal interests of the city in that position. He stands for progress and improvement in all public affairs and has ever displayed marked devotion to the city's welfare and upbuilding. He owns a fine residence in Dayton and the family occupies an influential position in social circles.

JOSEPH J. ROSE.

Among those whom death has called and who were contributing factors to the agricultural development and improvement of Columbia county was Joseph J. Rose, who while still active in the world's work made his home on section 5, township 9 north, range 39 east, in Columbia county. He was born in Oregon, on the present site of the town of Milton, June 12, 1860, a son of Eli and Catherine (Boldman) Rose, who crossed the plains from Iowa with ox teams in 1859. One child was born to them on their journey. On their arrival in Oregon they camped on the present site of Milton and it was there that the birth of Joseph J. Rose occurred. Not long afterward the parents removed with their family to Washington, taking up their abode in what is now Walla Walla county, about three miles from Dixie. There they lived for many years, giving their attention to agricultural pursuits, but ultimately removed to Dayton, at which time Mr. Rose retired from active business life, having in the intervening years acquired a comfortable competence that was sufficient to supply him and his wife with all of the necessities and some of the luxuries of life.

Joseph J. Rose assisted his father until he reached his twenty-third year and for about two years thereafter operated his father's farm. His youthful experiences were those of the farmbred boy who divides his time between the duties of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the playground and the work of the fields. No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of life for him in that period. After cultivating his father's land for two years he removed to Columbia county in 1885 and purchased a portion of what is now his old home place about a mile and a half south of Dayton. His first purchase made him owner of two hundred and twenty acres and subsequently he bought other land from time to time, thus adding to his holdings until he had fourteen hundred acres at the time of his demise. The farm which he left is one of the most productive and valuable farms of Columbia county. The soil is naturally rich and careful cultivation has added much to its value. Good buildings have been put upon the farm and the place has been divided into fields of convenient size by well kept fences.

Mr. Rose was married twice. In 1884 he wedded Miss Ida Williams, of Walla Walla county, by whom he had three children, namely: Lena, who is now the wife of T. O. Webster, of Walla Walla; Zelma, who gave her hand in marriage to Earl Harting, of Walla Walla county; and Zenobia, a resident of Walla Walla. In July, 1900, Mr. Rose was again married, his second union being with Miss Mary Brockman, a daughter of W. J. Brockman, who came to Columbia county, Washington, in 1887 and has since passed away. By his second wife Mr. Rose had two pairs of twins, the first of whom died in infancy, while the surviving are Joseph Eli and Emma Catherine.

Mr. Rose gave his political allegiance to the democratic party and he served for several years as a member of the school board but was too busy to give much attention to politics and never sought or desired political preferment. He belonged to Columbia Lodge, F. & A. M., and was a faithful follower of the teachings of the craft. He was also a consistent member of the Christian church and died in that faith December 7, 1916, leaving to his family not only the fruits of earnest toil but also the priceless heritage of an untarnished name, which the wise man of old said is more to be chosen than great riches. Mrs. Rose not only possesses those qualities which are essentially womanly and which everywhere command respect, but she is also a capable business woman. Upon the death of her husband she immediately took up the heavy responsibilities in connection with the operation of a farm of fourteen hundred acres and in her management of affairs has proven herself one woman in a thousand. She is now operating the farm on an extensive scale and is meeting with excellent success by reason of her careful management, her systematic methods, her keen sagacity and her enterprise. She occupies one of the prettiest country homes in the county and by reason of her business management is enabled to enjoy not only all of the comforts but also many of the luxuries of life. She belongs to Waitsburg Chapter, No. 9, of the Order of the Eastern Star, and is a devoted member of the Christian church, guiding her life according to its teachings.

J. A. DARBY, M. D.

The northwest with its pulsing industrial activity and its limitless resources is constantly drawing to it men of enterprise and ability who find here opportunity for the expression of their dominant qualities. Among the number who have come from the Mississippi valley is Dr. J. A. Darby, now successfully engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery in Pomeroy.

J. A. Darby was born in Hunnewell, Shelby county, Missouri, on the 16th of October, 1874, and is a son of James A. and Mattie B. (Cox) Darby. The father came to Washington with his family in 1885, settling in Pomeroy, where he established a hardware store, with which he was identified until about a year prior to his death. He passed away in 1905 and is survived by Mrs. Darby, who is yet living in Pomeroy.

Dr. Darby was a lad of eleven years when his parents came to Washington and his education, begun in the public schools of Missouri, was continued in the public schools of Pomeroy. After leaving the high school he became a student in the Spokane Business College and still later, having determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work, he matriculated in the University of Oregon as a medical student and was graduated from that institution with the M. D. degree as a member of the class of 1909. Following his graduation he opened an office in Pomeroy and in the intervening eight years has built up an extensive and lucrative practice.

On the 18th of February, 1916, Dr. Darby was united in marriage to Mrs. Bessie McWilliams, of Walla Walla, and to them has been born a son, James A. Dr. Darby holds membership in Garfield Lodge, No. 25, K. P.; also in Lewiston Lodge, No. 896, B. P. O. E., and with the Woodmen of the World and the United Artisans. In politics he maintains an independent course but believes in republican principles. He does not seek nor desire office, preferring to concentrate his time and efforts upon his practice, the duties of which he discharges in a most conscientious and able manner. He is interested in everything that tends to bring to man the key to the complex mystery which we call life and by further reading and study is continually broadening his knowledge and promoting his efficiency. Colleagues and contemporaries acknowledge his ability and rank him with the progressive physicians of this part of the state.

JOHN J. ASHBY.

John J. Ashby was a pioneer of Garfield county and a citizen of worth whose passing was deeply regretted by many friends. He was held in high regard by those who knew him as a representative business man, as a progressive citizen and one who was faithful to the ties of home and friendship. A native of Illinois, he was born March 12, 1847, and was a great-grandson of a distinguished officer of the British army whose wife was a French lady. The ancestral line of the Ashby family can be traced back for over two hundred years and upon the records the names of many prominent men appear.

John J. Ashby was a son of Solomon and Jane (Ripley) Ashby, the former a native of Montreal, Canada, while the latter was born in the state of New York. They became residents of Stephenson county, Illinois, in the '40s and there resided until 1865, when they crossed the plains with teams and wagons and settled in the Willamette valley of Oregon. There they resided until 1873, when they became residents of Old Walla Walla county, making their home near the present site of the city of Pomeroy. The district was then largely wild and undeveloped, but with characteristic energy Mr. Ashby began the cultivation of his land, converting his place into a well improved farm, upon which he and his wife spent their remaining days. They had a family of three children but only one is now living.

John J. Ashby was a youth of eighteen years when he crossed the plains with his parents. The trip was a long and arduous one, fraught with many difficulties and hardships, but day after day they slowly proceeded on their way until the western coast was reached. He remained with his parents in the Willamette valley for a time and was married there in 1872 to Miss Mary Denny, a daughter of John F. Denny, whose birth occurred in Indiana in 1819. He crossed the plains in 1852 and settled in Marion county, Oregon, upon a donation claim. There he built a typical log cabin with puncheon floor and door, through which a string was inserted that was fastened to the latch in order that the traveler might pull the string and open the door. Such was the hospitality of that period. The little pioneer cabin also had a mud and stick chimney and its furnishings were perhaps as primitive as the exterior. In that little home the Denny family lived for several years. The father was a lifelong republican and was chosen to represent his district in the territorial legislature. In 1860 he was ordained to the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church by Bishop C. W. Clark and thus he became actively identified with the moral development of the state as well as with its material and political progress. The grandfather of Mrs. Ashby was also a prominent figure in the northwest. He served in the War of 1812 under Colonel M. Johnston and was appointed by President Lincoln as governor of the territory of Washington in 1861, thus becoming prominently identified with the development of the northwest. He had two sons who were prominent citizens of the northwest. A. A. Denny was called "The father of Seattle," and D. T. Denny was the first to erect a white man's home where that city now stands.

To Mr. and Mrs. Ashby were born two children: Jennie, who died at the age of twelve years; and John Denny, whose biographical sketch follows this. It was in the year 1874 that Mr. and Mrs. Ashby took up their abode upon the farm in Garfield county and from that time until his death, which occurred November 10, 1914, he devoted his attention to general agricultural pursuits, becoming the owner of four hundred and eighty acres of fine wheat land. He also owned a very attractive residence in the city of Pomeroy, which is still the property of his widow. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the work of which he took an active and helpful part, and he was always ready to lend a helping hand to the poor and needy, his assistance being given in most generous manner. He was a great worker in behalf of the cause of temperance and assisted all church activities both by his moral and financial support.

JOHN DENNY ASHBY.

No death in Garfield county has been more deeply deplored than that of John Denny Ashby, who was born in this county, February 8, 1876. Spending his youthful days in the home of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. John J. Ashby, he attended the public schools until graduated from the high school at Pomeroy in 1895. He was afterward graduated from the Montana Wesleyan University with the class of 1899, winning the degree of Bachelor of Arts. During his student days there he was a member of the college debating club, was captain of the military company and president of the Young Men's Christian Association, thus showing his active connection with all the varied interests which constitute the commendable phases of college life. In 1900 he was honored by an offer of two positions, one as instructor of science and higher mathematics at his alma mater, the other a government position in China. At the persuasion of his parents he accepted the former. Speaking of his work in the schools, Professor Tenny, president of the Montana University, said: "I have had the very best men associated with me in the school work that I could hope for, but I have never found a man who was so unselfishly loyal to me, loyal to himself, loyal to God."

In 1901 Denny Ashby entered the New York Homeopathic College & Hospital as a member of the class of 1905. During his freshman year he served as senator for the class and he also won the freshman prize, while at the end of the junior year he won the Fiske prize for the highest standing in three years' work, the prize consisting of a valuable set of surgical instruments. On the 2d of August, 1904, while in bathing on the beach at Oak island, near Fire island, he was caught by a big wave and drowned while attempting to go to the rescue of a trained nurse. His death was deeply deplored by all who knew him for he was a young man of unusual promise and ability. At the age of fourteen years he united with the Methodist church and his life was dedicated to the work of a medical missionary, but death intervened and his remains were sent home from New York and laid to rest by the side of his sister in the Pomeroy cemetery, where his grandparents are resting and also his father. Of him it may well be said that he has joined "The choir invisible of those immortal dead who live again in lives made better by their presence."

From all parts of the country came letters and expressions of sympathy to Mr. and Mrs. Ashby, showing profound regret at the loss of one so richly endowed with God's best gifts to humanity. Clayton C. Ferguson, who had been his classmate in the medical college wrote: "The first hard grind of the year is over. As many grains growing luxuriously by the wayside owe their origin to seeds blown or dropped from some passing wagon laden with the harvest, so in reviewing this course I find that many of my present developed ideas have sprung from seeds sown by Denny's fruitful pen along the margins of books once loved by him, and which you kindly gave me. Some of these thoughtful seeds flowering have lined the pathway with fragrance; others have caused me at times to pause and admire their beauty; still others, bruised and broken by the rude blast, have given me moments of pain as in the contemplation of their destruction my thoughts reverted to a like condition of their creator. Among our family household seeds others than those sown on paper were sprinkled along life's pathway by the same loving hands during those happy days of association." In another letter the above writer says: "I have taken Denny's drugs and placed them in my desk, praying with God's help to use them as my dear loved one would have, always ready to help the suffering. Do accept my thanks for them and remember that I am at your service at all times to do for you anything in my power. Call upon me if you want medicine for yourself or anybody else. * * * You will never know the sorrow felt in our home, unless you had been in it when Denny was a part of it. No one can fill his place at the table, nor will anyone ever be allowed to sit there." One of his boy friends said: "If ever a soul reached heaven Denny Ashby is there," and another said: "If ever anybody could make a Christian of one by the good life he lived and the example he left, Denny Ashby was that one." At the opening of the college the dean, Dr. King, paid a glowing tribute to the memory of his former pupil, saying: "The class of 1905 has suffered a great loss through the death of John Denny Ashby," and made especial mention of his modest, retiring nature, which to a large degree obscured his "massive mental capacity." The class of 1905 passed the following resolution: "Realizing that by the death of your only son the class of 1905 of the New York Medical College has lost not only a man who has distinguished himself as a student, but also by his daily life proved himself to be a young man of most exemplary character. We, the class of 1905, do hereby extend to you in this hour of your great affliction our most heartfelt sympathy. We one and all feel that we have lost a true friend and brother physician." A beautiful and merited tribute was expressed by Dr. C. F. Sibly, who wrote: "His death bound east and west in mourning. There is a bright side, however, which we must not overlook. When his body was recovered at daybreak, August 3d, its appearance was like that of a hero and conqueror; his hands were folded defiantly across his breast, his characteristic peaceful smile was very manifest. It was evident to the observer that as he had lived a conqueror's life, so he had died a conqueror's death. For him death had no sting, the grave no victory. There was no moaning of the bar or midnight darkness when he put out to sea, but a glorious ushering in to the presence of that great company of just souls, robed white, washed clean by the blood of the Lamb--an introduction to the throng, arrayed with palms of victory and crowns of glory."

JAMES OTTO LONG.

James Otto Long, a well known grain dealer of Pomeroy, who was formerly extensively engaged in farming and stock raising, is a typical citizen of the golden west, alert, energetic, progressive and resourceful. He was born in Lane county, Oregon, August 15, 1864, and is a son of Ransom and Rosetta (Clark) Long, the former a native of Virginia, while the latter was born in Indiana. They were married in Fulton county, Illinois, having removed to that state with their respective parents in childhood days. After their marriage they became residents of Iowa and in 1852 crossed the plains with ox teams to the Willamette valley of Oregon, where they remained for about twenty years. In 1872 they came to Washington and spent the first year on the Patit creek near Dayton, after which they moved northward into what is now Garfield county and located on the Pataha prairie, seven miles south of the present site of Pomeroy. Here the father used his homestead and preemption rights and upon that place which he secured continued to make his home until the death of his wife. He later resided at the home of his children and passed away on the 5th of April, 1898, having for twelve years survived his wife, who died on the 27th of June, 1886. In politics he was a republican and was a progressive citizen, interested in all that pertained to the public welfare.

James O. Long was educated in the district schools and when about twenty-two years of age left the home farm, after which he devoted eight years to prospecting and mining but failed to find the proverbial pot of gold at the foot of the rainbow, as he desired. He then decided to return to agricultural life and on the 1st of October, 1895, he was united in marriage to Miss Mettie Williams, of Garfield county, a daughter of Nicholas Williams, who came to the county in 1873.

Following their marriage Mr. Long purchased a farm on the Pataha prairie and occupied the place for ten years. On the expiration of that period he took up his abode in Pomeroy in 1905 and for a decade gave his attention to the live stock business, owning a stock ranch halfway between Pomeroy and Lewiston, on the Alpowa, where he made a specialty of grazing sheep. His live stock interests were profitably conducted but about two years ago he disposed of his ranch and turned his attention to the grain business, establishing and operating a grain warehouse in Pomeroy. He is now prominently known in connection with the grain trade and has developed a business of extensive and gratifying proportions. He is a man of determined purpose and resolute will and whatever he undertakes he carries forward to successful completion.

Mr. and Mrs. Long have become the parents of eight children, seven of whom survive, as follows: Lois, the wife of Ray Gimlin, who follows farming in Garfield county, Washington; and Florence, Willena, Clark, Lewis, Marian and Burton, all at home.

Mrs. Long and her daughters are members of the Congregational church and the family is prominent socially in the community where they reside. In politics Mr. Long is a republican and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day but does not seek public office. His life has been one of diligence and his labors have been crowned with a substantial measure of success.

J. W. HARBERT.

J. W. Harbert, of Small township, whose residence in Walla Walla county dates from 1859, is one of the earliest pioneers of this section now living. He was born in Fountain county, Indiana, September 25, 1835, a son of Richard J. and Mary (Zumwalt) Harbert, natives respectively of Havre de Grace, Maryland, and Cynthiana, Kentucky. Their marriage, however, was celebrated in Indiana, where they resided until 1844, when they removed with their family to Dubuque, Iowa. Three years later they went to Mount Vernon, a college town in Linn county, Iowa, which remained their place of residence for many years. The father came to Walla Walla in 1878, but after spending over a year in this locality returned to Iowa, where his wife died in 1888. Immediately after her death he again came to Washington and made his home with his son, J. W. Harbert, until his death, which occurred about a year later, in 1889.

J. W. Harbert was reared at home and received his education in the common schools. In 1859 he decided that the west offered the most favorable opportunities for an ambitious young man and accordingly made the long overland trip to Walla Walla county, driving an ox team for another man in exchange for the privilege of having his provisions transported. Following his arrival here he worked for Charles Russell for two years and then devoted eight years to freighting from Wallula and Umatilla Landing to the Idaho mines and to other points in this part of the country. When the railroad was built through, the need for freighting by team ceased and he turned his attention to farming. He worked hard, gave careful attention to the management of his affairs and in time acquired fourteen hundred acres of the finest farm land in the county. He was quick to recognize and take advantage of any unusual opportunity and one of the chief factors in his success has been the close personal supervision which he has given to his work. In 1863, while hauling a load of freight from Wallula to Idaho City, he camped on the night of July 2d on the site of Fort Boise, the officers choosing that site the following morning for a fort. In 1864 he hauled one hundred and seventy-five thousand feet of lumber from the mountains to Boise city and watched the loading and unloading of every board. His natural vigor and strength have been conserved by wholesome outdoor life, and today, at the age of eighty-two years, he superintends all his farm work and is as active as most men twenty-five years his junior. When he arrived in Walla Walla county he had but three dollars and the financial independence which is now his is the direct result of his own labors.

On the 13th of July, 1866, Mr. Harbert was united in marriage to Miss Emma Evans, a daughter of G. W. Evans, who came to Walla Walla county in 1861. To this union were born six children, three of whom survive, namely: Ida H., the wife of Thomas Paine, of Richland, Washington; Floy, who married Frank Holman, of Freewater, Oregon; and Liberty, the wife of Julius Jensen, of this county. On the 8th of January, 1878, Mrs. Harbert passed away and on the 8th of April, 1884, Mr. Harbert married Miss Lizzie D. Groff, a native of Iowa. They have two living children, Clifford G. and Hazel, both at home.

Mr. Harbert supports the republican party at the polls and for twenty years has served as school director, his continuance in the office indicating his ability and trustworthiness. Although he does not hold membership in the church his religious belief is in the main that of the Methodist Episcopal church and he contributes liberally to its support and also to various charitable projects. His many admirable qualities are generally recognized and there is no resident of the county more highly esteemed than he.

FRED M. YOUNG.

Fred M. Young, who since starting out in life on his own account at the age of sixteen has been continuously connected with the florist business, is now senior partner of the firm of Young & Lester, prominent florists and nurserymen of Walla Walla, where they conduct an extensive business. He was born in Cass county, Iowa, April 26, 1879, a son of Salathiel and Martha M. (Caughey) Young, both of whom were natives of Ohio. They were married in Iowa, however, having removed to that state in childhood with their respective parents. At the time of the Civil war the father responded to the country's call to arms, enlisting as a member of Company C, Eighth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for more than four years, participating in many of the hotly contested battles which finally resulted in the winning of victory for the Union. With a most creditable military record he returned to his home in Iowa after the war was closed and there he engaged in gardening and fruit growing at Grove City. In 1900 he removed to Denver, Colorado, and in the fall of 1916 he sold his Denver home and returned to Iowa, residing with a daughter in Council Bluffs up to the time of his death, which occurred in February, 1917. His widow survives and yet makes her home with the daughter in Council Bluffs.

Fred M. Young had the benefit of educational training in the public schools until sixteen years of age, when he left the parental roof and went to Council Bluffs, entering the employ of his brother-in-law, J. F. Wilcox, a florist of that city. It was under his instruction that he acquainted himself with the florist business, gaining comprehensive and accurate knowledge in every department and in every connection. After three years he went to Chicago, where he was identified with the firm of Bassett & Washburn, well known florists, with whom he continued for a year. He next went to Denver, Colorado, where he was in the employ of the Colfax Floral Company for three years and on the expiration of that period he went to Pueblo, Colorado, as manager of the George Fleischer Floral Company, in which capacity he served for eighteen months. He was afterward in Salt Lake City, where he occupied the position of manager of the Huddard Floral Company, with which he remained for three years. He then spent a short time in San Francisco and still later went to Seattle, where he became head gardener at the Bremerton navy yards, occupying that position for about six months. At that time his sister, who was living in Walla Walla, persuaded him to come to this city and he arrived here with the intention of going into business but was disappointed in raising the necessary capital. He went to work for James Wait, a florist with whom he continued for ten months, and later removed to Portland, Oregon, where he was in the employ of Martin & Forbes, with whom he remained for about a year and a half. In November, 1907, he resigned this position and returned to Walla Walla, opening a small flower store at No. 7 East Main street known as Bedell's Bazaar. On the 1st of May following Hampton Huff, who had a small greenhouse property on the present site of the Young & Lester greenhouses and who had become too old to work proposed to Mr. Young to go into business with him. Their capital was limited and Mr. Young gave Mr. Huff his note for seven thousand dollars for a half interest in the business. Thus he started out independently. They made enough money that spring to build another greenhouse and put in a new boiler. The following year they were able to build three more greenhouses and in the succeeding year Mr. Huff retired and Mr. Young secured a lease on the whole property with an option to buy. In 1913 he sold Clyde Lester an interest in the business and the present firm of Young & Lester was thus formed. The business has developed rapidly. Their plant is strictly modern and up-to-date. They have eight and three-fourths acres of land under cultivation, with about twenty-five thousand square feet under glass. Their city store is at 19 East Main street and is one of the most modern and attractive florist establishments in eastern Washington. There is no phase of the business with which Mr. Young is not thoroughly familiar. He has made a close study of plant development and propagation and everything in the line of growing plants and blooming flowers that can be raised in this section of the country is found in his establishment.

In 1914 Mr. Young was united in marriage to Miss Effie Morrison, of Walla Walla, and in the social circles of the city they are widely and prominently known. Mr. Young is a stalwart republican, giving unfaltering allegiance to the party and its principles. He belongs to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E.; to Enterprise Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F.; and to Columbia Lodge, No. 8, K. P. He is also identified with Alki Temple of the Dramatic Order of the Knights of Khorassan at Walla Walla and the Knights of the Maccabees and the Knights and Ladies of Security. He belongs to the Commercial Club and is interested in all of its plans and purposes for the upbuilding and development of the city. His wife is a member of the Christian church and Mr. Young gives his aid and influence on the side of all those forces which work for the upbuilding and progress of Walla Walla along material, social, intellectual and moral lines. In an analyzation of his life record it will be seen that concentration of purpose along a single line of business has been one of the salient features in his success. He started out as a florist and has continued in that field of activity. He has never allowed difficulties nor obstacles to bar his path but has overcome these by determined effort and has ever recognized that satisfied patrons are the best advertisement. He has sought earnestly to please his customers and his establishment, presenting everything that is most attractive, unique and beautiful in the line of floral culture, has been most liberally patronized.

THOMAS P. GOSE.

Thomas P. Gose, attorney at law practicing in Walla Walla as senior partner in the firm of Gose & Crowe, was born in Sullivan county, Missouri, May 11, 1855, a son of John M. and Hannah J. (McQuown) Gose. The father is a native of Kentucky, while the mother's birth occurred in Virginia. They were married, in Missouri, to which state they had removed with their respective parents in childhood days. The father was among the argonauts who started in search of the golden fleece to California in the year 1849. He made the overland trip by way of the Santa Fe trail and spent five years in the Golden state. He then returned to Missouri in 1854, crossing the plains, after which he continued his residence in Missouri until 1862, when he went to Denver, Colorado, again making a trip in quest of gold. He spent about one year there, after which he once more took up his abode in Missouri. The lure of the west, however, was upon him and in 1864 he removed with his family to Boise City, Idaho, where he arrived in August. The city was at that time a frontier village, far removed from civilization to the eastward or to the westward. Prices were so high that during that winter he was obliged to pay about fifty dollars for a fifty-pound sack of flour. In July, 1865, he came to Walla Walla and began farming in the vicinity of the city. Both he and his wife are still living, Mr. Gose having reached the notable old age of ninety-two years, while his wife is enjoying good health at the age of eighty-six years. They now make their home with their son, Thomas P. Gose, who is looking after their comfort and welfare and thus with filial devotion is repaying the love and care which they bestowed upon him in his youth.

Thomas P. Gose was a lad of about ten years when the family arrived in Washington and much of his education was therefore acquired in the public schools of Walla Walla, supplemented by study in the Whitman Academy. In the spring of 1886, having determined to engage in a professional career, he took up the study of law and in 1889, after a thorough reading of the principles of jurisprudence, he was admitted to the bar. In the fall of 1890 he opened his law office in Walla Walla and in the intervening period, covering twenty-seven years, he has had several law partnerships, being now senior member of the firm of Gose & Crowe, which was formed in August, 1914. This firm ranks with the foremost at the Walla Walla bar. Mr. Bose is devotedly attached to his profession, is systematic and methodical in habit, sober and discreet in judgment, diligent in research and conscientious in the discharge of every duty. An earnest manner, marked strength of character and a thorough grasp of the law, with ability to accurately apply its principles, make him an effective and successful advocate and he is also a safe and wise counselor.

On the 20th of December, 1893, Mr. Gose was united in marriage to Miss Clara Crowe, of Freewater, Oregon, by whom he has five children, as follows: Cecile, who was graduated from Whitman College with the class of 1916 and is now a teacher in the high school at Kalama, Washington; Gladys and Marjorie, both of whom are attending Whitman College; Vera, a high school graduate; and Thomas P., who is a high school student.

Mr. and Mrs. Gose are members of the Congregational church and are interested in all that pertains to individual uplift and community betterment. Mr. Gose votes with the democratic party and has served as deputy prosecuting attorney, while for four years he was a member of the Walla Walla board of education. He is the present chairman of the democratic county central committee and for years past has been a dominant factor in the affairs of his party, doing much to mold public thought and opinion and putting forth earnest and effective effort to secure party success. The limitless possibilities of the west have ever stirred his ambition and his energy, intelligently directed, has carried him into important professional relations.

BREWSTER FERREL.

Brewster Ferrel now occupies an attractive home at 336 South Palouse street in Walla Walla, where he is surrounded with all of the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. For many years he was prominently and actively identified with farming, taking up that work in Walla Walla county in early pioneer times and meeting with all of the hardships and privations which were incident to the settlement of the frontier. He was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, August 22, 1838, a son of Edward and Rosella (Fish) Ferrel, the former a native of Pennsylvania, while the latter was born in Ohio. They were married in the Buckeye state and in 1854 removed to Iowa, where both resided up to the time of their death.

Brewster Ferrel was a lad of sixteen years when his father removed to Iowa and in the public schools of that state he supplemented the educational training which he had already received in Ohio. He was trained to farm work, early becoming familiar with the tasks of plowing, planting and harvesting, and he early developed habits of industry and perseverance which later constituted very important elements in the attainment of his present-day success.

In 1861, Brewster Ferrel was united in marriage in Iowa to Miss Caroline Bott, a native of Muskingum county, Ohio, whose parents had removed to Iowa when she was a little maiden of ten summers. The young couple began their domestic life in the middle west but in 1864 left their Iowa home and started across the plains with a team of mules and a prairie schooner. They joined a wagon train and, traveling after the slow and tedious method of that period, at length arrived in Walla Walla on the 3d of August, 1864. For some time after reaching the northwest Mr. Ferrel, like many other of the pioneers, engaged in freighting and continued in that business up to the advent of the railroad, when freighting by team was no longer profitable. He then concentrated his energies upon farming. It was in 1864 that he had homesteaded and secured the farm property which he still owns. The first year after his arrival there was little wheat raised and so great was the demand for it in the mining regions of the Rocky Mountains that he sold all he had for a dollar and a quarter per bushel, which was considered a very high price in that day. The following year, however, the eastern demand fell off and the farmers were obliged to market their product in Portland, where the wheat brought only sixty cents per bushel. Stock could be ranged easily in the mountains and for a time Mr. Ferrel engaged in raising stock, driving his cattle to the different mining camps, where he would sell them. Eventually, however, he disposed of his live stock interests entirely. To his original farm of two hundred acres he gradually added four hundred acres and finally more and more, paying for his last tract a hundred dollars per acre--a tract that could have been bought at the time of his arrival for a dollar and a quarter per acre. Mr. Ferrel has always been actuated by a spirit of enterprise and progressiveness in anything that he has undertaken. He was among the first to build a barbed wire fence in Walla Walla county. Up to this time he had hauled rails from the mountains and tied them to posts by means of rawhide, thus using the otherwise useless hides to help fence his crops from the ranging herds. For the first barbed wire he paid eighteen cents per pound and it was a very crude article compared to that manufactured at the present time at that. The most improved farm machine was the old McCormick reaper, bearing little resemblance to the binders and headers of the present time. Mr. Ferrel even cradled large portions of his wheat crop in those early years and all the farmers would unite to harvest and thresh. At that day many believed that the Walla Walla valley would be abandoned as soon as the mines to the eastward were exhausted and many refused to take up land and settle. At times Mr. Ferrel may have become discouraged but with stout heart he pressed on and his diligence and determination have at length secured a substantial reward. His crops today bring ten per cent on an investment rated at one hundred dollars per acre and he and his sons have built up a grain growing business that is as carefully, methodically and successfully managed as any mercantile establishment. The old homestead is located on Russell creek, about eight miles east of Walla Walla, and thereon Mr. Ferrel resided until 1902, when he took up his abode in the city, where he has one of the most handsome homes to be found in southeastern Washington. In the meantime he had added to his possessions until he became the owner of three thousand acres of farm land, which make him one of the county's most substantial and prosperous citizens. All that he has acquired in the course of an active and busy life has been won since he came to Washington and most of it has been made in the past twenty or twenty-five years.

Mr. and Mrs. Ferrel became the parents of eight children, seven of whom survive, as follows: Thomas J., who is engaged in farming in Walla Walla county; Rosella E., the wife of Walter Barnett, an agriculturist of Walla Walla county; Seth A., David B. and Joseph W., all of whom follow farming in Walla Walla county; Fidelia C., the wife of Charles Maxson, who is a farmer residing in Walla Walla; and Myrtle M., who gave her hand in marriage to Thomas Jones, an agriculturist of Walla Walla county.

Mr. Ferrel gives his political allegiance to the republican party, which he has continuously supported since age conferred upon him the right of franchise. He and his wife are consistent members of the Methodist church and have ever been loyal to its teachings, while to its work they have been generous contributors. They are among the most highly esteemed citizens of Walla Walla, where they have resided since early pioneer times, and there is no phase of the county's development and improvement in all the intervening years with which they are not familiar. In his business affairs Mr. Ferrel has ever displayed indefatigable energy, close application and persistency of purpose and his record indicates that success and an honored name may be won simultaneously.

FRANK FITZGERALD.

Frank Fitzgerald, who is devoting his time and energies to the operation of an excellent farm on section 34, township 13 north, range 42 east, Garfield county, was born in Tennessee, April 17, 1855, a son of Alford and Temperance (Bradshaw) Fitzgerald, natives respectively of Virginia and North Carolina, who were married, however, in Tennessee. In 1860 the family removed to Missouri and later in the same year the father passed away. The mother continued to reside in that state until her death in 1906. All of their four children survive.

Frank Fitzgerald passed the greater part of his boyhood and youth in the state of Missouri, as he was but five years of age at the time of the removal there, and his education was that afforded by the public schools. In 1887 he removed to Garfield county, Washington, and for thirteen years operated rented land but in 1900 bought his present farm of three hundred and twenty acres on section 34, township 13 north, range 42 east. His success has been based upon the sure foundation of hard work and the most rigorous attention to the task in hand.

Mr. Fitzgerald was married September 23, 1880, to Miss May Temple, who was born in Wisconsin, and they have eleven children, namely: Pearl, the wife of S. E. Fanning; Harold, Frank and Justin, all now in the United States army; Letta, the wife of Emery Dye; Alford; Otto; Opal; Louise; and two deceased.

Mr. Fitzgerald supports the republican party at the polls and for years has been a member of the school board, in which connection he has been instrumental in securing gratifying progress in the educational system of his locality. He is well known and highly esteemed and his personal friends are many.

LEE BARNES.

Lee Barnes, who is now filling the position of sheriff in Walla Walla county, was born in Boone county, Missouri, July 20, 1866. His father, John S. Barnes, is a native of Sangamon county, Illinois, born in February, 1828, and is still a resident of Oregon, having reached the ninetieth milestone on life's journey. His life has been devoted to the occupation of farming. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Lucinda J. Sims, was born in Kentucky and is deceased. In their family were seven children who are still living: M. C., who is a resident of Boone county, Missouri; J. T., living in Touchet, Washington; C. H., a resident of Yakima, Washington; Lucy J., the wife of John W. Parks, of Freewater, Oregon; W. W., also a resident of Freewater; Lee, of this review; and Joseph S., of Kansas City, Missouri.

Lee Barnes largely obtained his education in Saline county, Missouri, and afterward became a barber, following his trade at various places in his native state for seventeen years. On the expiration of that period he turned his attention to the confectionery business in Touchet, Washington, and has since made his home in Walla Walla county. He served for four years as deputy sheriff under Michael Toner and in 1914 was elected to the office of sheriff, in which position he is now serving for the second term, discharging his duties with promptness and fidelity and without fear or favor.

In 1859 Mr. Barnes was married to Miss Ollie N. Doty, a native of Iowa and a daughter of Lyman Doty. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes have become the parents of two children: Walter S., who married Vela Burns and has two children, Mildred and Audrey; and Lottie, the wife of Elvin Galloway, of Touchet, Washington, by whom she has one child, Elaine. On March 6, 1902, Mrs. Barnes passed away, sincerely mourned by her family and her many friends.

In politics Mr. Barnes has always been a stalwart advocate of democratic principles and has given earnest support to the party. He holds membership in the Baptist church and his life has been guided by its principles. Those who know him esteem him highly, for his marked characteristics of manhood and citizenship are those which commend him to the warm regard, the confidence and the goodwill of those with whom he has been brought in contact.

ROY ROBERT CAHILL.

Well qualified for his chosen calling, Roy Robert Cahill has made for himself a creditable position among the able attorneys of Dayton. Moreover, he deserves representation in this volume as one of the native sons of Columbia county, where his birth occurred June 19, 1884. He is a son of Alph P. and Irene M. (Starr) Cahill. The father is now cashier of the Broughton National Bank and a leading and influential business man of this section of the state.

Roy Robert Cahill was educated in the public schools of Dayton, after which he attended Whitman College at Walla Walla, there winning the degree of Bachelor of Arts upon the completion of a classical course in 1909. He thus laid broad and deep the foundation upon which to build the superstructure of professional learning. After his graduation from Whitman he entered the law department of Columbia University and there won his law degree as a member of the class of 1912. Following his graduation he returned to Dayton, where he opened an office and entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, which he has since followed independently.

In 1913 Mr. Cahill was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Criffield, a daughter of W. R. Criffield, of Walla Walla. He belongs to Dayton Lodge, No. 26, F. &. A. M. and he gives his political allegiance to the republican party. He is widely known as a representative young business man, possessing marked ability and enterprise, and that his has been a well spent life is indicated in the fact that many of his stanchest friends are those who have known him from his boyhood to the present time.

REV. ALEXANDER WALTER SWEENEY.

After a useful and well spent life Alexander W. Sweeney passed away on the 28th of November, 1903, honored and respected by all who knew him. He was born in Savannah, Hardin county, Tennessee, January 25, 1825, but before he was five years of age accompanied his parents on their removal to Arkansas, the family locating near Fayetteville, which was then a frontier settlement with no educational advantages. Being unable to attend school he was taught the elementary branches by his father until the latter's death, which occurred in 1833 when our subject was still quite young. The father had a contract with the government to carry the United States mail and during his illness the son often took the mail.

After his father's death Alexander W. Sweeney started out to make his own way in the world and was apprenticed to a tanner, whose cruelty soon forced him to leave and seek the protection of an older brother. During the autumn of 1839 while attending a camp meeting near Fayetteville, he joined the Cumberland Presbyterian church and desirous of becoming a minister, was received under the care of the Arkansas Presbytery as a probationer when about eighteen years of age. A school of academic grade had been established in the community and Mr. Sweeney became a student there, in the meantime working for his support and doing his studying at night.

When in his nineteenth year he was licensed to preach and according to the custom of his church was put on the circuit to preach a part of each year. During a period of six months of continuous service on the circuit he received only two dollars and forty cents in money, one pair of home knit socks and had his horse shod free. For four or five years he continued to attend school as opportunity afforded while preaching and in that time made sufficient progress in his studies to enable him to enter the sophomore year in college. Accordingly he went to Princeton, Kentucky, where he attended Cumberland College until 1850, and then returned to the Arkansas Presbytery, where he was at once ordained to the ministry at the age of twenty-five years, having spent eight years in preparation for his chosen work.

Soon after his ordination Rev. Sweeney joined a company of gold hunters who with ox teams crossed the plains and arrived at a gold camp on the American river in California, August 26, 1850. The following Sunday he preached to a company of miners that collected under the shade of a live oak tree, thus beginning a ministry on the Pacific coast which lasted until his physical health failed him. In 1851 he went to the Willamette valley in Oregon and was present as a visitor at the organization of the Oregon Presbytery, November 3, 1851. For seven years he preached throughout the Willamette valley, exerting a strong moral influence wherever he went.

On the 15th of July, 1852, Rev. Sweeney was united in marriage to Miss Angeline Allen, of Marion county, Oregon, a daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Benson) Allen. Of the three children born to Rev. and Mrs. Sweeney, Adelia, the eldest, died at the age of fifteen years. Those still living are Samuel B. and Mrs. Adna Sharpstein.

On account of throat trouble Mr. Sweeney and his family went to California in 1858 and remained in that state for about four years, during which time he taught school for a year and a half at Sonoma, being principal of the female department of a Presbyterian college. In 1862 he again came north, going with the gold seekers to Clearwater, Idaho, where he devoted his time to the work of the ministry and to his duties as justice of the peace. In 1867 he removed to Umatilla Landing on the Columbia river in Oregon, where he not only engaged in preaching but also taught school. There was no organized church at that place but he was paid about six hundred dollars by popular subscription, which was the best salary he had ever received for his ministerial services up to that time. For one year he served as superintendent of schools for Umatilla county.

In 1869 Mr. Sweeney returned to California, traveling by way of the Columbia river and Pacific ocean, and during his sojourn in that state taught school under supervision of the church at Collegeville, about eight miles from Stockton, in San Joaquin county for a year and a half, and on his retirement from that work returned to Oregon, spending two years at Albany. From there he came to western Washington about 1872 and did considerable missionary work among the pioneers of this region, traveling over a large territory, more than one hundred miles in extent. He started the first Presbyterian church in Walla Walla with but two members. He preached in Waitsburg, Dayton, Pomeroy and Colfax and often held services in school houses and groves throughout the country. Failing health at length caused him to retire from the active work of the ministry after thirty-five years of most faithful service. He preached occasionally up to the year 1900. His wife was a most competent help and by her good management made the sunset of his life much easier financially. His unselfish life and devotion to the work of the Master gained him the unqualified regard of all with whom he came in contact. Although now eighty-one years of age, Mrs. Sweeney is still well preserved, being strong and active and able to do considerable work, including the care of her own garden. Her intellect seems unimpaired and she appears to be much younger than she really is. She was always a faithful wife, a capable financier and a hard worker, being able to support herself and children and secure the property which kept Mr. Sweeney in comfort during his declining years.

GUY S. DEMARIS.

An excellent farm of one hundred and thirty acres pays tribute to the care and labor bestowed upon it by Guy S. Demaris, whose place is situated on section 12, township 7 north, range 37 east, in Walla Walla county. He was born November 4, 1885, on the farm where he now resides, his parents being Orlando and Mary (Lewis) Demaris, who are mentioned elsewhere in this work. His youthful days were spent under the parental roof and he early became familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops, dividing his time between the acquirement of an education in the district schools, the pleasures of the playground and the work of the fields. He also had the advantage of a business course in the Empire Business College at Walla Walla and after completing his studies he worked for his brothers, Fred and David, in connection with their farming operations. In 1912 he began farming on his own account and has since given his attention to general agricultural pursuits. He took charge of the old home place of one hundred and thirty acres, which he is now cultivating, and the neat and thrifty appearance of his place indicates his careful supervision and his practical and progressive methods. The farm is divided into fields of convenient size by well kept fences, there are substantial buildings upon the land and he utilizes the latest improved machinery in carrying on the work of the fields. He annually harvests good crops and is winning success as the years go by.

On the 25th of December, 1906, Mr. Demaris was united in marriage to Miss Gertrude Tash, a daughter of Andrew J. Tash, one of the pioneers of Walla Walla county, still living on Mill creek. To this marriage were born two children but both have passed away.

In his political views Mr. Demaris is a democrat but not an office seeker. He belongs to Welcome Lodge, No. 117, I. O. O. F., of Dixie, and to Walla Walla Encampment, No. 3, and is also a member of the Uniformed Rank, Canton No. 1, of Walla Walla. He and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church and in social circles they occupy an enviable position, many of the best homes of their section of the county extending to them warm-hearted hospitality and welcome. Their good qualities are many and in matters of friendship they are always loyal and true.

JAMES T. ALLEN, D. M. D.

Among the able practitioners of dentistry in Washington is Dr. James T. Allen, who follows his profession in Dayton, his native city. He was here born on the 26th of December, 1877, and is a representative of one of the old pioneer families established in this section of the state in 1874. His parents were Albert O. and Sarah B. (Allen) Allen, the former a native of Tennessee, while the latter was born in Oregon. The father was reared in the state of his nativity and in 1872, at the age of twenty-three years, he made his way westward, remaining for about a year in Texas and then continuing his journey toward the Pacific coast. He spent another year in San Francisco and in 1874 arrived in Dayton. Subsequently he took up his abode upon a farm six miles east of the city and in the years that followed he acquired four hundred and eighty acres of excellent land. He continued upon his farm for some time, bringing his fields under a high state of cultivation and annually gathering good crops, which brought to him a very gratifying income. At length he retired from farm work and took up his abode in Dayton, where his remaining days were passed, his death occurring in 1899. He was quite prominent in public affairs, serving as deputy sheriff under Al Weatherford and while in that capacity he assisted in the capture of a notorious band of cattle thieves that had been raiding the country around for some time. His death was occasioned by being thrown from a horse and dragged for a considerable distance while in the mountains after an outlaw. His widow is still living and makes her home with her son James.

To the public school system of Dayton, James T. Allen is indebted for his early educational training. He passed through consecutive grades to his graduation from the high school with the class of 1897 and later he became a student in Whitman College, where he spent two years. In the fall of 1899 he entered the North Pacific Dental College at Portland, Oregon, and there won his D. M. D. degree upon graduation with the class of 1902. After completing the course he opened dental offices in Waitsburg, where he practiced for two years but in 1904 returned to his native city, where he has since been in continuous and successful practice. He is recognized as one of the skilled dentists of southeastern Washington and has been accorded a very liberal patronage.

In 1906 Dr. Allen was united in marriage to Miss Zada Estelle Baldwin, of Dayton, a daughter of Daniel Baldwin, now deceased, who was one of the pioneers of Columbia county. Dr. and Mrs. Allen have one child, Grace Corinne.

Fraternally Dr. Allen is connected with Dayton Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M.; and Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P. His political endorsement is given to the democratic party but he does not seek nor desire office. On November 7, 1917, Dr. Allen was honored by appointment of Governor Lister to the position of member of the State Board of Dental Examiners, a recognition which justly reflects his high professional standing. His life stands in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is not without honor save in his own country, for in the city of his birth Dr. Allen has made for himself a most creditable and enviable position in professional circles and enjoys a practice that many an older representative of the profession might well envy.

FRANK FAURE.

Frank Faure, proprietor of the McFeely Hotel in Walla Walla, has been a resident of this city since 1902 and has made for himself a creditable position in its business circles. He was born in France, August 13, 1884, a son of Jean and Marie (Grant) Faure. The father was a farmer by occupation and spent his entire life in his native country, where he and his wife reared a family of three children, Jean and Leon being now soldiers of the French army. Frank Faure acquired a common school education in France and afterward attended the Superior school of La Mure Isère. After putting aside his textbooks he sought the opportunities offered in the new world, crossing the Atlantic in 1902, when a young man of eighteen years. Making his way westward to Walla Walla, he here became engaged in the hotel business and now owns and conducts the McFeely Hotel, located at Fourth and Alder streets. He has made of this a popular hostelry, catering to high-class trade, and his business has steadily grown because of the comforts which he affords to his guests.

In 1911 Mr. Faure was united in marriage to Miss Mary Daffis and they have a daughter, Frances. In his political views Mr. Faure is a democrat. Fraternally he is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and with the Knights of Columbus, his association with the latter organization indicating his membership in the Catholic church. For fifteen years he has resided in Walla Walla, where he has become widely and favorably known, and he has never had occasion to regret his determination to try his fortune in the new world, for he here found good business opportunities and in their utilization has worked his way steadily upward.

ALBERT E. CORBETT.

A well spent life was that of Albert E. Corbett, whose industry and integrity in business affairs won him success and the respect of his fellowmen. He possessed many sterling traits of character, so that his death was the occasion of deep and widespread regret among those with whom he was associated. He was born in the province of Ontario, Canada, December 7, 1855, and was a son of John and Jane (Lewis) Corbett.

Albert E. Corbett was reared at home and under the direction of his father learned the miller's trade. In 1889 he left his family in Ontario and came to the west, looking for an opening that would give him better opportunities to attain success and to establish a home for his wife and children. He first located in Columbia county, where he secured a position as night miller in the Touchet Flouring Mills, then owned by Henry Richardson. Two months later, however, the mill closed down for the winter and Mr. Corbett went to the coast, looking for work. Not finding suitable employment in Seattle or Tacoma, he went on to Victoria, British Columbia, where he secured a situation in a sawmill. In May of the following year he was there joined by his brother, Judson A. Corbett, who also found employment in the same mill. While working there Mr. Corbett was writing to friends in Columbia county, Washington, and learned of a chance to buy the Touchet Mills. In the fall of 1892 he made his way to Huntsville therefore, and in company with his brother, Judson A., bought the mill. They had saved about five hundred dollars each from their wages and this amount was used as the first payment on the purchase price of the mill. Within the following two years they paid off the entire indebtedness on the property, which was thus free from all encumbrance. In the spring of 1890 Mr. Corbett sent for his wife and family, who joined him in Victoria, coming to the west with his brother, Judson A.

It was in April, 1885, that Mr. Corbett was united in marriage to Miss Hannah Baker and to them were born four children, three of whom are still living, namely: Lewis, who is engaged in the automobile business in Dayton; Gertrude, who is a teacher in the schools of Dixie, Washington; and Florence, at home. The wife and mother passed away in May, 1895, and in May, 1899, Mr. Corbett was united in marriage to Miss Laura Baker, a sister of his former wife. She is a graduate of the Normal School of Ottawa, Canada, and is a woman of liberal education and of broad culture and refinement. By this marriage there were born two children, Helen and Emma, both at home.

For many years Mr. Corbett continued successfully in the milling business and as his financial resources increased he invested in property, becoming the owner of a farm in a section of land in Alberta, Canada and also acquired an interest in a farm in Ontario. Mrs. Corbett still holds both these places. His carefully managed business affairs and his judicious investments enabled him to leave his family in very comfortable circumstances. He was a member of the Woodmen of the World and also held membership in the Episcopal church, to the teachings of which he was most loyal. His wife and children also belong to the same church. In that faith Mr. Corbett passed away December 10, 1906, his death being the occasion of deep and widespread regret not only to his immediate family but also to the many friends whom he had won during the period of his residence in the northwest. Mrs. Corbett survives her husband and has proven herself a capable business woman, wisely managing the property left to her. She is widely and favorably known in this section of the state.

MRS. MARY C. NICHOLS.

Mrs. Mary C. Nichols, of Dayton, is widely and favorably known as one of the worthy pioneer women of Columbia county, where she owns valuable farm property from which she derives a gratifying annual income. She was born in Wisconsin in 1854 and is a daughter of A. C. and Oral A. (Pelton) Woodward, who were natives of Wisconsin, whence they crossed the plains to Washington in 1860, settling in Old Walla Walla county, near Dayton. They became identified with the farming interests of that locality and upon their ranch spent their remaining days. In their family were eight children, four of whom are yet living.

Their daughter, Mary C., was a little maiden of but six years when the trip was made to Washington, so that practically her entire life has been passed in the northwest. She was but sixteen years of age when in June, 1870, she gave her hand in marriage to Isaac Wallace Monnett, a native of Ohio, who came to Washington in 1869 and settled on a farm ten miles southeast of Dayton. Mr. and Mrs. Monnett became the parents of three children: Oral, who is the wife of Grant Lowe; Elizabeth, who has departed this life; and A. A. Monnett, who is a hardware and implement merchant of Dayton. The husband and father passed away in 1876 and for nine years Mrs. Monnett remained a widow. In 1885 she became the wife of F. J. Nichols and to them have been born four daughters: Minnie, who is the wife of C. C. Kifer, of California; Grace, who is a graduate of the Walla Walla high school and is at home; Mary L., who is the wife of J. B. Thompson; and Hazel E., the wife of C. E. McQuary.

Mrs. Nichols still owns what is known as the old Monnett homestead of five hundred and sixty acres, all of which is fine wheat land. It is a valuable property from which she derives a gratifying annual income. She also owns an attractive residence in the city of Dayton and she is numbered among the worthy pioneer women of this section of the state. For fifty-seven years she has lived in Washington and has therefore witnessed the greater part of the growth and development of the commonwealth. Events which to others are matters of history are to her matters of personal knowledge and she can relate many interesting incidents of the early days when the great stretches of land were unclaimed and uncultivated, when forests were uncut, when rivers were unbridged and when the work of progress seemed dim and distant in the future. The most farsighted at that time could not have dreamed of the wonderful changes which were to occur and transform southeastern Washington into a well settled and populous district in which are to be found all of the advantages and all and more of the opportunities of the older east. Mrs. Nichols is a member of the Congregational church and her many excellent traits of character have gained for her respect and popularity among her many friends.

L. L. HUNT.

L. L. Hunt is familiar with the methods of Indian warfare in the northwest, as he early became connected with the army in this section of the state. Since then he has been active in business along various lines and step by step has progressed until he is now in possession of a handsome competence that enables him to live retired. He makes his home in College Place, Walla Walla county, and has important farming interests on section 36, township 7 north, range 35 east. His career in many respects has been an eventful one. The width of the continent separates him from his birthplace, for he is a native of Maine. He was born on the 2d of August, 1855, his parents being George and Mary Ann (Prescott) Hunt, both of whom were representatives of old families that sent forth soldiers to the Revolutionary war. Both the father and mother spent their entire lives in the Pine Tree state.

L. L. Hunt was reared under the parental roof until he reached the age of sixteen years, when he left home and went to Boston, Massachusetts, where for four years he was engaged in railroading. The opportunities of the west, however, attracted him and he left New England, making his way to Nevada. Locating in Carson City, for more than a year he there worked in the timber region, and in 1876 he went to San Joaquin county, California, where he engaged in driving a team during the following winter. In 1877 he came to Walla Walla, where he worked for the government during the Joseph Indian war, driving a team used for transportation of supplies. A year later he became identified with Joe Woodworth in the operation of the old Cayuse stables in Walla Walla. He was connected with the conduct of this business for about three years and then turned his attention to farming on the Eureka Flats, becoming one of the large operators on the flats. He homesteaded, preempted and also took up a timber claim and he likewise purchased railroad land, owning at one time seven quarter sections. He farmed altogether seventeen hundred acres of rented land and he remained on the flats for about twelve years. He next removed to Walla Walla but after a year took up his abode at College Place, where he engaged in gardening. Subsequently he organized the L. L. Hunt Fruit & Produce Shipping Company and built up the business to extensive proportions, his interests becoming one of the chief industries of this section. He managed his affairs wisely and well and prosperity resulted. He now has retired from active business life and is enjoying a rest which he has truly earned and richly merits.

In 1888 Mr. Hunt returned to Boston for his bride and was there married on the 21st of October of that year to Miss Olivia Crosby. She was born in Nova Scotia and came to the United States at the age of sixteen years, her parents continuing in Nova Scotia, where they passed away. Mr. Hunt brought his bride to the west and they have since been widely and favorably known in this section of the state. They are consistent members of the Presbyterian church, in the work of which they take an active and helpful interest, and Mr. Hunt is now serving as one of the elders of the church. His political endorsement is given to the republican party and while living on the Flats he served for two years as postmaster. He also belongs to Trinity Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Pioneers Association and are honored as among the early settlers who have contributed in marked measure to the upbuilding and progress of this section of the country. Mr. Hunt has led a most busy, active and useful life. From the time when he became connected with a military post on the frontier he has done everything in his power to further the interests and development of this section of the country and his business affairs, too, have been of a character that have contributed to public progress and improvement as well as to personal success. His memory compasses the period when the majority of homes in this section of the state were little cabins, when few roads had been laid out, when the forests were uncut and the streams unbridged. He has lived to witness many changes since those days and in the work of transformation has borne his full share.

GEORGE F. PRICE.

George F. Price is actively identified with farming interests in Columbia county, while making his home in Dayton. He is one of the native sons of the county, his birth having occurred within its borders January 7, 1874. His parents were Alexander and Clarinda J. (Anderson) Price, who are mentioned elsewhere in this work. He spent his youthful days under the parental roof and mastered the branches of learning taught in the district schools, supplementing his early education by a commercial course in the Empire Business College at Walla Walla. He also attended the Gem City Business College at Quincy, Illinois, and when his studies were completed he became the active assistant of his father in farming enterprises. This association was maintained until the father's death, after which George F. Price operated the lands that constituted the family estate for several years. He is the owner of six hundred and forty acres of rich and valuable land and, also cultivating other tracts, is now successfully engaged in farming three thousand acres. This places him among the principal agriculturists of the county and in managing his business affairs he displays sound judgment, unremitting industry and notable perseverance. His record is therefore one crowned with success.

In 1903 Mr. Price was united in marriage to Miss L. Minerva Guernsey, a daughter of Dennis C. Guernsey, who took up his abode among the pioneer settlers of Columbia county and now resides in Starbuck. Mr. and Mrs. Price have two children, Dennis Alexander and Elizabeth Jane.

In his fraternal relations Mr. Price is a Knight of Pythias, belonging to Dayton Lodge, No. 3. His political endorsement is given to the democratic party and he is serving at the present time as a member of the city council and also as a member of the Dayton school board. He is much interested in everything that pertains to the public welfare and cooperates heartily in those measures and movements which are a matter of civic virtue and of civic pride. His wife is a member of the Congregational church and their influence is always felt on the side of reform and improvement. It is as a business man, however, that Mr. Price is perhaps best known and aside from controlling mammoth agricultural interests he is a director of the Columbia National Bank and a director of the Edwards-Hindle Company, which controls the leading mercantile establishment of Dayton. The call of opportunity is ever to him a call to action and one to which he readily responds. His power has grown through the exercise of effort. He has readily adapted himself to changing conditions in the business world and as he has progressed step by step he has gained a broader outlook and wider opportunities.

CONRAD HENRY KASEBERG.

Conrad Henry Kaseberg, a well known retired wagon maker residing in Walla Walla, was born in Germany, March 10, 1834, a son of Johannes and Mary Christina (Rumpf) Kaseberg, also natives of Germany, where they passed their entire lives.

Conrad Henry Kaseberg passed his boyhood and youth in his native country and there received his education. In 1857, when a young man, he crossed the Atlantic on a sailing vessel which docked at Baltimore, Maryland. From that city he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, whence, after a few weeks, he removed to Weston, Missouri, where his brother lived, and some three months later he went to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he remained from October, 1857, to June, 1859. The following two years were spent in St. Louis, after which he went to California. In 1867 he left the Golden state and returned to St. Louis, where he was married and where he continued to live until 1871, his business being across the river in Venice, Illinois. It was in that year that he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and purchased the home where he still lives in the city of Walla Walla. He worked at the wagon maker's trade, which he had learned in Germany, having a shop at Second and Alder streets, until 1887, and he then bought seven hundred acres of fine wheat land on Dry creek, eleven miles out of Walla Walla, which he operated for a time and which he still owns, deriving a gratifying income from its rental. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Savings Bank.

Mr. Kaseberg was married on Christmas day, 1867, to Miss Augusta D. Timmermeister, also a native of Germany, and they became the parents of one child, who, however, died in infancy. Mrs. Kaseberg passed away in February, 1912, and was laid to rest in the Mountain View cemetery. She was an active member of the Lutheran church and her life was that of a devout Christian.

Mr. Kaseberg also belongs to that church and has never failed to give both his moral and financial support to its work. Fraternally he is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge of Walla Walla. He is a republican in politics but his interest in public affairs is only that of a loyal citizen, though he served one year on the city council. He is a self-made man, having come to this country empty-handed, but through the opportunities here offered and his industry and good management he has gained financial independence. He has reached an advanced age but is still keen of mind and active of body and is accorded the honor due those who have behind them the record of a long and honorable life.

JOHN A. LANE.

John A. Lane, concentrating his efforts and attention upon general agricultural pursuits, cultivating eleven hundred acres of land, makes his home on section 24, township 8 north, range 36 east, in Walla Walla county. Almost the width of the continent separates him from the place of his birth, which was in Cameron county, Pennsylvania. He was born September 28, 1878, a son of Joseph and Mary (Berfield) Lane, both of whom were natives of the Keystone state. The father was born in Philadelphia, where his youth was spent. His father died when the son was a lad in his teens and the burden of the support of the family fell upon his shoulders. He bravely met the task and throughout his entire life displayed the same spirit of resolution and energy. He continued his residence in his native state until 1880, when he came west to Walla Walla county, Washington, and took up his abode upon a farm near the present home of his son John. He purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land and as his financial resources increased kept adding to his holdings until his landed possessions aggregated three hundred and forty-six acres. He continued to give his undivided time and attention to his farming interests until death called him on the 10th of September, 1905. His widow is still living and now resides with a daughter in Walla Walla.

John A. Lane was educated in the district schools and in the Waitsburg Academy, which he attended through the winter months, while the summer seasons were devoted to farm work. Upon the completion of his education he began farming on his own account, renting a tract of three hundred and twenty acres of land in the township where he still resides. He cultivated that place for three years and then took up a homestead in what was Yakima county, now Benton county. This he improved and cultivated for five years and he still owns that place. In 1907, however, he returned to the old homestead farm, which is owned conjointly by himself and his mother. He cultivates this place of three hundred and forty-six acres and rents adjoining land, operating altogether eleven hundred acres. He has thus come to rank with the leading and extensive farmers of his section of the state and his business affairs are carefully managed and conducted.

On October 16, 1898, Mr. Lane was united in marriage to Miss Nora P. Smith, a daughter of Mrs. Charles Ellis, of Dixie. Her father died during her infancy and her mother afterward married again. To Mr. and Mrs. Lane have been born three children of whom two are living, Dorothy M., who is attending the Walla Walla high school, and John A., Jr.

In his political views Mr. Lane maintains an independent attitude, voting for men and measures in preference to party dictation. He is now serving on the school board and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. He belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen and his wife and daughter hold memberships in the Christian church. The members of the family are highly esteemed in the part of the county where they reside and have a circle of friends almost coextensive with their circle of acquaintances.

JESSE DRUMHELLER.

Jesse Drumheller, deceased, an honored pioneer of the west of 1852, was during the remainder of his life a prominent factor in the advancement of the business interests and development of this section of the country. Widely known, his life history cannot fail to prove of interest to the many friends who still cherish his memory, and it is therefore with pleasure that we present this record of his career to our readers. His birth occurred in Tennessee in 1835. There the first eight years of his life were passed, after which he accompanied his parents on their removal to Missouri, the family home being established near Springfield, where he remained until 1851. He then located near Savannah, Missouri, where he remained for a year, and in 1852 he heard and heeded the call of the west. He started out across the plains with ox teams for Washington and located in Cowlitz county, where he turned his attention to the lumber business. Soon afterward he removed to California, where for several years he engaged in mining, and in 1855 he became a resident of Oregon. There he joined the Oregon Volunteers for service in the Indian war and was sent to Walla Walla. During the eleven months in which he was a part of that command he participated in several severe engagements with the red men and aided in winning the victory which crowned the arms of the white troops. After the cessation of hostilities he entered the employ of the United States government and assisted in building the government posts at The Dalles, at Walla Walla, at Colville and at Simcoe. His activities thus became an important factor in the development of this section of the country. In 1859 he took up his abode on land two miles south of Walla Walla and turned his attention to stock raising and general farming, a business which he followed until about 1900. In this he prospered and from time to time added to his holdings until his landed possessions aggregated nearly six thousand acres. He thus carried on farming most extensively and in 1899 his crop of wheat amounted to about sixty-five thousand bushels. He followed the most progressive methods in the development of his land and stood at all times as one of the most enterprising and representative farmers of the northwest. He also carried on stock raising with success and his diligence and determination brought him prominently to the front in connection with the line of his chosen occupation.

On the 8th of October, 1863, in Walla Walla, Mr. Drumheller was united in marriage to Miss Martha A. Maxson, a pioneer of 1859. They became the parents of five sons: Samuel, of Calgary, Alberta; Oscar; George, a stock-raiser of Walla Walla; Thomas J., who is engaged in the hardware business with his older brother, Oscar, they being members of the well known firm of Drumheller & Company, dealers in hardware, furniture and crockery; and R. M., collector of customs at Seattle.

Jesse Drumheller was a member of the Masonic fraternity, holding membership in the lodge and in the chapter. His death occurred on December 2, 1907. He stood in the front rank among those who have planted civilization in the northwest and was particularly active in the growth of Walla Walla county, where for many years he made his home, and his labors were of a nature that contributed in marked measure to the substantial and moral development and upbuilding of this section of the country. He was a progressive business man, wide-awake, alert and energetic, and carried forward to successful completion whatever he undertook. While his business interests became very extensive and important, he always found time to cooperate in plans and measures for the public good and was a most loyal and devoted citizen from the time when he aided in subduing the Indian uprising, through the period of later development and progress up to the time when death called him to the home beyond.

OLE HANNAS.

Ole Hannas, who resides on section 31, township 14, range 43, owns ten hundred and sixteen acres of Garfield county's valuable wheat and pasture lands and enjoys an enviable reputation as a successful and representative agriculturist. His present prosperity is entirely attributable to his own efforts, for he came to this state empty-handed about three decades ago. His birth occurred in Norway on the 9th of September, 1866, his parents being Ole and Anna (Kittelsaa) Hannas. The father passed away in that country in 1915, but the mother survives and yet makes her home in Norway.

Ole Hannas received a thorough common school education in his native country and there spent his youth. When twenty-one years of age he crossed the Atlantic to the new world, desiring to test the truth of the many favorable reports which had reached him concerning the opportunities and advantages to be enjoyed in America. After residing for one year in Minnesota he came west to Washington in the fall of 1888 and spent the succeeding winter and spring in Tacoma. In June, 1889, he made his way to Walla Walla and in the following October took up his abode in Garfield county. Having no money to invest in land, he secured employment as a farm hand. At the end of five years, in 1894, having saved his earnings, he began farming for himself on a small scale as a renter. Prosperity attended his efforts and about 1902 he purchased a half interest in five hundred and eighty acres of land where he now resides. From that time his success has been sure and rapid and today his holdings embrace ten hundred and sixteen acres of valuable wheat and pasture land in Garfield county, so that he has become one of the most extensive agriculturists and substantial citizens of the community.

On the 5th of April, 1905, Mr. Hannas was united in marriage to Miss Guri Tveit, crossing over to Norway for his bride, of which country she is a native. They have two children, Orle and John. Mr. Hannas gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is serving as a member of the school board, the cause of education finding in him a stalwart champion. Fraternally he is identified with the Woodmen of the World, while in religious faith both he and his wife are Lutherans. They have won an extensive circle of warm friends throughout the community, being recognized as people of genuine worth whose aid and influence are given on the side of right, progress, reform and improvement.

JAMES B. WARREN.

James B. Warren became the owner of a valuable tract of land on section 4, township 10 north, range 42 east, Garfield county, and also held title to other land, his holdings comprising fourteen hundred acres at the time of his death. He was widely known and his demise was the occasion of much sincere grief. He was born in Franklin county, Tennessee, January 9, 1853, and was a son of Stewart and Louisa (Walker) Warren, both also natives of that state. There the father passed away and later the mother removed with her family to Missouri, where her death occurred in 1875. All of the six children in the family have likewise passed away.

James B. Warren received a common school education and remained with his mother until her death. In 1875 he went to California but only remained there for two years, settling in Polk county, Oregon, at the end of that period. The following year, however, he became a resident of Dayton, Columbia county, Washington, and in 1882 he purchased the farm on which his widow still resides. It comprises eight hundred acres and the buildings are located on section 4, township 10 north, range 42 east. From the operation of that place he derived such a gratifying profit that he was able to add to his holdings and became the owner of fourteen hundred acres, all of which is now in the possession of his widow. He was likewise a stockholder in the Pomeroy Mercantile Company at Pomeroy. He was a keen business man and, adding to this industry, sound judgment and a ready recognition of opportunities, it was but natural that he should gain a signal measure of success.

Mr. Warren was married in 1882 to Miss Marietta McCanse, who was born in Missouri, a daughter of Andrew G. and Margaret E. (Williams) McCanse, both natives of Tennessee, who, however, became early settlers of Lawrence county, Missouri. In 1876 the McCanse family removed to Oregon, but a year later located four and a half miles northeast of Pomeroy, Washington. Subsequently the parents returned to Missouri, where Mrs. McCanse died in 1907, her husband passing away September 8, 1909. Only three of their six children survive.

Mr. Warren was called to his final rest April 17, 1913, and his body was interred in the Chappele cemetery. He was a member of the Knights of Pythias and its teachings concerning the brotherhood of man found exemplification in his daily life. He took the interest of a good citizen in public affairs, although not an office seeker, and his ballot was cast in support of the republican party. He was for a third of a century a resident of Garfield county and during that time had a part in bringing about its development. His acquaintance was unusually wide and his friends were many. Mrs. Warren has retained her residence on the homestead and gives her personal supervision to its operation. The land is fertile, the improvements are modern, and she derives a handsome income from the place.

REV. A. R. OLDS.

Rev. A. R. Olds is superintendent of the Walla Walla County Poor Farm, situated on section 36, township 7 north, range 35 east in that county. He devoted many years of his life to the work of the ministry and then ill health obliged him to discontinue his labors in that connection. He is now making a most excellent record not only as superintendent of the Poor Farm in his care of the indigent ones but also in the management of crop production. He was called to this position in 1914 and has been most efficient in the discharge of all of the tasks that devolve upon him in this connection.

A native of Pennsylvania, his birth occurred in Bradford on the 30th of July, 1854, his parents being Robert D. and Hannah (Corkings) Olds, both of whom were natives of the state of New York, where they were reared and married. Soon afterward they removed to Bradford, Pennsylvania, where the father engaged in the shoe business until 1858, when he removed to Roanoke, Indiana, where he again conducted business as a boot and shoe merchant for twenty-eight years. The mother died in Roanoke and the father afterward came to the west, making his home with his son, Rev. A. R. Olds of this review, at Philomath, Oregon.

A. R. Olds pursued a public school education, supplemented by study in the Roanoke Seminary. He was thirteen years of age when he entered upon an apprenticeship to the shoemaking business, for his father conducted a custom made shoe business in connection with handling the factory product. After completing his apprenticeship A. R. Olds worked at the trade until 1882, when he made his way westward to Oregon, settling in Philomath. A year later he entered the ministry of the United Brethren church and for four years was minister at the college in Philomath. A little later he became connected with the Congregational church as a minister and for almost thirty years devoted his time and energies to the work, filling the pulpit in various churches. After his retirement from a regular charge he continued to do county missionary work until about a year ago. In September, 1896, he arrived in Walla Walla to take charge of the county missionary work but failing health caused him to give only a part of his time to the work in later years. Earnest and zealous in his efforts to upbuild the church, his labors wrought good results. He was not denied the harvest nor the full aftermath of his efforts. His high purpose, his ready sympathy, his words of wisdom all combined to act as an influencing factor drawing men to a better life.

In 1914 Rev. Olds was appointed superintendent of the County Poor Farm of Walla Walla county, in which capacity he has since served, and he has proven himself a master farmer, his crops at the present writing being among the finest in this section of the state. He also displays good business ability in the conduct and management of the Poor Farm and his official service in this connection is characteristic of traits which he has ever displayed, for it has always been his custom to carry forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes. He never falters in the face of difficulties nor obstacles and his labors have brought good results, both in promoting material and moral progress.

In 1876 Rev. Olds was united in marriage to Miss Etta Fast, of Roanoke, Indiana, by whom he has three children, namely: Earl L., who is a resident of Bend, Oregon; Francis R., living at Klamath Falls; and Ruth, the wife of H. W. Bathany, of Walla Walla.

Rev. Olds gives his political allegiance to the republican party, which he has long supported. He is prominent in Masonic circles, belonging to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 7, A. F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; and Oriental Consistory, No. 2, A. & A. S. R., of Spokane. He is likewise a member of Trinity Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F., and Walla Walla Encampment, No. 3, I. O. O. F., and in June, 1917, a high honor was conferred upon him, for in that month he was made grand chaplain of the grand lodge of Washington. He also belongs to the Woodmen of the World. He is one of Walla Walla county's most esteemed and representative citizens and enjoys the respect, goodwill and trust of all with whom he has come in contact. Ever ready to extend a helping hand where aid is needed, his character and work have been such as have shed around him much of life's sunshine.

ARTHUR P. BLOOMFIELD.

Arthur P. Bloomfield, who is living retired in Columbia county after many years of successful farming, was born in New Jersey, February 6, 1840, a son of Jonathan and Theodosia (Foster) Bloomfield, the former born in England and the latter in New Jersey, in which state they were married. The father passed away in New Jersey and subsequently the mother became a resident of California, where her demise occurred. To them were born three children, of whom only our subject survives.

Arthur P. Bloomfield was reared in his native state and enjoyed the educational advantages afforded by the common schools. In 1861, when he had attained his majority, he went to California, where for about twenty years he devoted his time to farming and gardening, but in 1880 he came to Old Walla Walla county, Washington, taking up as a homestead the farm on which he still lives. Here he met with success and was able to increase his holdings until he now owns one thousand and ten acres of wheat and pasture land, all within what is now Columbia county. At length, feeling that he had earned a rest, he retired and now leaves to others the active work of the fields. He also owns a half interest in the Palace Hotel at Pullman, from which he receives a rental of two hundred and fifty dollars per month.

Mr. Bloomfield was married in 1874, to Miss Anna Lang, and they became the parents of seven children: Lulu, the wife of Bert Kimball; Ida, who resides in Walla Walla; Hattie, deceased; Frank, who is farming the homestead; and three who have passed away. The wife and mother died Saturday, October 6, 1917, and was laid to rest in Walla Walla cemetery.

Mr. Bloomfield is a stanch supporter of the republican party and has served with credit as a member of the school board and as road supervisor. His career illustrates what may be accomplished in this land of opportunity by persistent hard work and good management, for he began his career empty handed and is now financially independent.

MARTIN HANSEN.

Martin Hansen is a self-made man who has gained a creditable position among the representative and prosperous farmers of Walla Walla county. He arrived in this section of the state empty-handed but he saw the opportunities here offered and has utilized them to good advantage. He is now the owner of a valuable farm property situated on section 33, township 7 north, range 35 east. He was born in Denmark on the 12th of January, 1876, and is a son of Lars and Mary Hansen, who came to the United States when he was a lad of twelve years. The family home was established in Nebraska, four sons of the family having preceded the parents to the new world. There the father and mother located and both passed away in that state, the death of the father occurring in 1915, while his wife died in 1914.

In the common schools of Denmark, Mr. Hansen pursued his education, supplemented by a winter term's study in Nebraska and by two winter terms in Walla Walla county. He also took two six-weeks winter courses at the State College of Washington. He made good use of his time and opportunities in promoting his intellectual development and he has always continued a student of men and events. In other words he has learned much in life through observation and experience and has become a substantial and well informed business man.

It was in 1887 that Martin Hansen crossed the broad Atlantic to the United States and about three years later he made his way to Walla Walla county, Washington, where he was employed for wages for five years. He saved carefully and systematically until his industry and economy had brought him sufficient capital to enable him, in 1895, to engage in farming on his own account. He then rented land and again he practiced economy and industry until in 1897 he had a capital sufficient to enable him to purchase his present home farm of one hundred and fifty-nine acres. Upon that place he has since resided and has made many valuable improvements thereon, among others drilling in 1912 two artesian wells which flow one thousand gallons of water per minute, greatly enhancing the value of the farm. Its splendid appearance is indicative of the care and labor which he has bestowed upon it. He arrived in Walla Walla without capital and today he is one of the substantial farmers of this section of the state, and what means more, the result achieved is due to his industry, his perseverance and his determination alone. He has never been afraid of hard work and he early recognized the eternal principle that industry wins.

Mr. Hansen is a republican in his political views, having supported the party since becoming a naturalized American citizen. He has served for a number of years on the school board and is one of the influential men of his community, his opinions carrying weight regarding public affairs. His life record should serve to inspire and encourage others, showing what may be accomplished when energy points out the way.

JAMES H. SCHNECKLOTH.

James H. Schneckloth, the well-known and popular postmaster of Pomeroy, was born on the 25th of October, 1868, in Scott county, Iowa, a son of Henry and Margaretha (Kuhl) Schneckloth, who were natives of Germany and on coming to America in early life settled in Scott county, Iowa, where the father engaged in farming for some years. In 1881 he brought his family to Washington and located on a farm near Pomeroy, where he still resides. His wife died in 1914. To them were born eight children and seven of them survive.

James H. Schneckloth began his education in the public schools of his native county, where the first thirteen years of his life were passed in much the usual manner of farmer boys in the middle west. He then accompanied his parents on their removal to Washington and here grew to manhood. On starting out in life for himself he engaged in the stock business and is still interested in that enterprise. As time passed he prospered in his undertakings and is today the owner of a fine stock ranch of one thousand acres.

In 1912 Mr. Schneckloth was united in marriage to Miss Rose Dougherty, and to them has been born a daughter, Janet M. They are members of the Episcopal church, and Mr. Schneckloth is also identified with the Knights of Pythias and the Foresters. By his ballot he supports the men and measures of the democratic party and he has taken a very active and influential part in public affairs. In 1904 he was elected county treasurer and acceptably filled that office until 1913. In February of the following year he was appointed postmaster of Pomeroy and is now serving in that capacity with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. He is a self-made man, whose success in life is due to his own unaided efforts, and he is regarded as one of the leading citizens of the town.

JOSEPH WEIMER.

Joseph Weimer is a resident farmer of Garfield county, his home being on section 20, township 12 north, range 41 east. Ever loyal to his adopted country, he has made himself a creditable position as a leading agriculturist of Garfield county and as a citizen of genuine worth. He was born in Germany, June 3, 1861, and is a son of Casper and Lizzie (Braun) Weimer, who came to the United States in 1886. After arriving on the shores of the new world they made their way direct to the west with Washington as their destination and established their home in Garfield county, where the father filed on a homestead claim five miles northwest of Pomeroy. With characteristic energy he began the development and improvement of that property and devoted his attention to its further cultivation until the time of his death.

Joseph Weimer, whose name introduces this review, acquired his education in the common schools of his native country and in 1884 he set sail for the United States, landing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Crossing the continent without tarrying for any length of time in the east, he at length reached the Pacific coast and spent six months in California. He then came northward into Washington and made his final settlement. He took up a homestead in Garfield county on which he resided for seven years, at the end of which time he bought land and removed to his present home farm on section 20, township 12 north, range 41 east. Upon that place he has since resided. He is one of the self-made men of this state. He came to the northwest in very limited financial circumstances and today he owns three hundred and twenty acres of valuable wheat land in Garfield county. His plate is improved with substantial buildings, with well kept fences and good farm machinery and everything about his place indicates his careful supervision and his practical and progressive methods. The fields give promise of abundant harvests in the autumn and the work of the farm has been carried on in a most modern and effective way.

In 1891 Mr. Weimer was united in marriage to Miss Matilda Andress, a native of Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, and they have become the parents of four children: Edward Joseph, Frank Henry, Fred and Tillie, all of whom are still under the parental roof. Mr. Weimer and his family are communicants of the Catholic church.

In his adopted land Mr. Weimer has found the opportunities which he sought and in their utilization has won a substantial measure of success. He has worked diligently and persistently along lines that have led to gratifying results and is now one of the enterprising farmers of Garfield county.

JOHN H. HARER.

John H. Harer is a resident farmer of Walla Walla county, owning and cultivating one hundred and thirty acres of land on section 4, township 6 north, range 35 east. He was born in Lane county, Oregon, on the 25th of February, 1859, his parents being David and Sarah (Standifer) Harer. The father was a native of Arkansas, while the mother was born in Tennessee. They were married in the former state and there resided until 1852, when they determined to try their fortune upon the Pacific coast and removed to Oregon. They settled in Lane county and in 1865 left that locality to become residents of Walla Walla county, Washington, the father having previously made several trips into this part of the country prior to the removal. He secured a homestead claim at Webfoot and later he bought and removed to the farm where Valley Chapel is now located. He kept adding to his original purchase from time to time as his financial resources increased until he was the owner of more than a section of land. Upon that property he died, passing away June 14, 1883. His widow long survived him and departed this life in 1907. During her last nine years she made her home with her son John.

John H. Harer is numbered among the honored pioneer settlers of the northwest, having resided in this section of the country for almost six decades. He acquired a district school education and also attended the public schools of Walla Walla. On reaching manhood he became engaged in the cattle business, with which he was identified for several years, and in 1889 he purchased from the other heirs their interest in the Harer estate and thus came into possession of his present home farm, upon which he has since carried on general agricultural pursuits. The farm originally comprised one hundred and sixty acres of rich and productive land, but he has recently sold thirty acres of the tract. He has brought his fields under a high state of cultivation and everything about his place indicates his careful supervision, progressive methods and indefatigable energy.

In 1882 Mr. Harer was united in marriage to Miss Eva Waterman, a native of Walla Walla county. Her father was Samuel Waterman, who crossed the plains from Iowa to California in 1860 and in the spring of 1861 arrived in Walla Walla county, taking up his abode in the vicinity of Valley Chapel. He was thus closely identified with the early development and progress of this section of the state until his death, which occurred in January, 1878. His widow survives and is now living with a daughter in Spokane, Washington. To Mr. and Mrs. Harer have been born three children, two of whom survive, namely: Inez, who is the wife of E. S. Gibson, of North Yakima, Washington; and Bertha, the wife of R. L. Ridley, who operates the farm of his father-in-law. Mrs. Harer is a member of the Christian church and is a lady of many admirable characteristics.

Mr. Harer gives his political allegiance to the democratic party. He has never sought or desired political office but for several years he served as school director and proved a stalwart champion of the cause of education. Both he and his wife are actuated by a spirit of progress and enterprise in all that they undertake and their interest centers deeply in those affairs which promise to upbuild and develop further the section of the country in which they live.

WILLIAM F. CLUSTER.

William F. Cluster, deceased, was one of the honored and highly esteemed citizens of Pomeroy. His birth occurred in Indiana on the 8th of February, 1831, and his parents were Daniel and Margaret (Tumlin) Cluster, natives of Kentucky and Ohio respectively. About 1861 they removed to Missouri, where both died. In their family were eleven children, all of whom have passed away with the exception of one sister, residing in Missouri.

In the state of his nativity William F. Cluster was reared and educated and on leaving the parental roof at the age of twenty-three years went to Missouri. He crossed the plains to Oregon in 1862 and spent the remainder of his life on the Pacific coast. In 1868 he married Mrs. Mary E. French, a native of Ohio, who only a short time previously had come to the northwest and had located in Oregon, where they continued to make their home until 1871. It was in that year that Mr. and Mrs. Cluster removed to old Walla Walla county, Washington, and took up a claim seven miles from Pomeroy, on which they built a log cabin, this being the family home for four years. They remained on the farm until 1882, when they took up their abode in Pomeroy and here Mrs. Cluster still lives. She continues in possession of the old homestead, which comprises two hundred acres of finely improved land, and owns a forty-acre tract which adjoins the city of Pomeroy. She has six residences in this city and derives a substantial income from all these properties.

The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Cluster are as follows: Viola E., the wife of C. E. Gray; Florence M., the wife of E. M. Pomeroy; Carrie E., deceased; and E. C., a resident of Pomeroy.

After a useful and well spent life, Mr. Cluster passed away on the 14th of June, 1915, leaving his immediate family as well as many friends to mourn his death. His remains were interred in the Pomeroy cemetery. Mrs. Cluster takes an active part in the work of the Presbyterian church, to which she belongs and is a most estimable lady who has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in the city and throughout the surrounding country.

W. H. GILLIS.

The family of W. H. Gillis, residing in Dayton, pays fitting tribute to his memory in preserving the record of his life in this history of southeastern Washington. He was born in Montgomery county, North Carolina, and was reared and educated in his native state. In 1867 he was united in marriage to Miss Lucy A. Crump, of Stanly county, North Carolina, a daughter of Stephen and Eliza (Kendall) Crump, both of whom were natives of the Old North state, where they lived and died. They were the parents of five children, all of whom survive. Mrs. Gillis was reared and educated in North Carolina, pursuing her studies in the common schools and afterward in the Greenville and Doranport colleges of that state. To Mr. and Mrs. Gillis were born three children: Lillian, who has departed this life; John A.; and Minnie, who is the wife of J. F. Hall. The death of Mr. Gillis occurred March 2, 1906. He had been a soldier of the Civil war, serving for four years, and was brave and loyal to the cause which he espoused. He never faltered in the performance of any duty that devolved upon him and made an excellent record as a soldier. To his family he was a devoted husband and father and found his greatest happiness in promoting the welfare of his wife and children. In business affairs he was progressive and reliable and his sterling worth was acknowledged in many relations.

On the 16th of June, 1907, Mrs. Gillis became the wife of A. H. Richardson, who died five years later. Mrs. Richardson is the owner of a valuable farm property of five hundred and twenty acres pleasantly and conveniently situated about five miles east of Dayton. Upon this place many modern improvements have been made. The buildings are substantial and commodious, the fences are well kept and everything about the place indicates the progressive spirit of the owner. Mrs. Richardson rents her farm and therefrom derives a gratifying annual income. She also owns one of the finest residences of Dayton and is most comfortably situated in life. She is a member of the Christian church and takes an active interest in promoting the church work. Her social position is indicated by the fact that the hospitality of the best homes of Dayton is freely accorded her.

WILLIAM GAYLORD COLEMAN.

William Gaylord Coleman, a well known member of the Walla Walla bar, was born October 7, 1884, in the city where he still resides. His father, Dan J. Coleman, a native of Bowling Green, Kentucky, became a pioneer farmer of the Eureka Flat district and spent his last days in Walla Walla. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Mattie C. Roberts, was a daughter of E. G. Roberts and was born in an emigrant wagon somewhere along the Platte river while the family were crossing the plains. Her first marriage was with J. W. Cookerly and she later wedded Dan J. Coleman. The family ever has been closely associated with the pioneer development of Washington.

Reared in his native city, William Gaylord Coleman, after mastering the preliminary branches of learning, decided upon the practice of law as a life work and with that end in view entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and was there graduated in June, 1909, "with honors" and with the LL. B. degree. He returned to the northwest, opening an office in Walla Walla, and has since engaged in practice here. In a profession where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit and ability he has made steady progress and public opinion names him as one of the able lawyers of the Walla Walla bar.

On the 5th of September, 1911, in Walla Walla, Mr. Coleman was married to Miss Margaret S. Steel, a daughter of T. S. and Annie J. Steel. They hold membership in the Presbyterian church and Mr. Coleman is a past grand of the Odd Fellows lodge. A lifelong resident of Walla Walla, he has a wide acquaintance and his sterling worth as a man, as a lawyer and a citizen is indicated by the high regard entertained for him by his fellow citizens.

JOHN MARTIN.

John Martin, living retired in Walla Walla after many years devoted to agricultural pursuits, was born in Ireland, January 1, 1842, a son of John and Ann Martin, who spent their entire lives on the Emerald isle. The educational opportunities accorded John Martin were those common to the boys of his time, he attending the national schools, and he remained in Ireland until he was twenty-five years old, when, in 1867, he emigrated to the United States. He first resided in New York state, where he secured employment in a brickyard at Haverstraw, and subsequently went to Baltimore, Maryland, but finding it too hot to suit him there, he went to Chicago, where he was employed by the Armour Packing Company, during the winters for several years, but in summer followed his work of brick burning and helped to manufacture the brick used in the construction of the United States customs house in Chicago. After remaining in the metropolis of the middle west for eight years he came to Walla Walla, Washington, in 1882 and settled on a farm on Dry creek. He operated that place until 1905, when he retired and removed to Walla Walla, where he purchased land and built his home on Grove street, where he has since lived. He is still prominently connected with agricultural affairs, however, as he owns fourteen hundred acres of fine wheat land, all of which is well improved. He gives his personal supervision to the management of his farm although he leaves the actual work of its operation to others. All that he has he has made since coming to Walla Walla county and it is but natural that he should be enthusiastic concerning conditions here.

In 1875, in Chicago, Mr. Martin was united in marriage to Miss Sarah McAvaney, a native of Illinois, and they have become the parents of fourteen children, of whom two are deceased, the others being: James, who is now chief of police of Walla Walla; John P., who is farming in Spring valley; Mary, the wife of Joe Martin, who although of the same name is not a relative; Elizabeth, the wife of Albert Schiller; Margaret, the wife of Roy Davies; and Katherine, Agnes, Grace, Theresa, George, Lillian and William, all at home.

Mr. Martin supports the republican party and has served acceptably as member of the school board. He is a communicant of the Catholic church, and his life has been guided by high moral standards. His residence is attractive and up-to-date and he is enjoying all the comforts of his life as the result of his well directed labors and wise investments. Mr. Martin is strong and vigorous for his years but to enjoy the balmy air of the south he spends his winters in Los Angeles, California.

C. F. ACTOR.

C. F. Actor, a grain dealer and warehouse man of Starbuck, was born in Dixie, Washington, on the 27th of October, 1868, a son of H. C. Actor, one of the veterans of the early Indian wars and one of the well known men of the pioneer period of Walla Walla county. He died August 30, 1917, near Dixie and extended mention of him appears elsewhere in this work.

C. F. Actor was reared under the parental roof and acquired his education in the public schools of Dixie. He also attended the Empire Business College of Walla Walla and thus became well qualified for life's practical and responsible duties. In early manhood he worked for a time in Colfax and was variously employed, after which he returned to Walla Walla county and for some time was engaged in farming. In 1902 he removed to Starbuck and entered the grain trade, managing the Alto warehouse for the Alto Warehouse Company for a year. On the expiration of that period he became the representative of the Balfour-Guthrie Company, with which he continued for four years as grain buyer. In 1907 he engaged in the grain business on his own account and since that time has operated independently and successfully, being today one of the well known grain merchants of Columbia county, controlling a business of large volume that brings to him a good financial return.

In 1900 Mr. Actor was married to Miss Lucy May Buroker, daughter of Martin B. Buroker, of Waitsburg, and they have become the parents of five children, four sons and a daughter, namely: Charles M., Alfred A., Grace, Lester E. and Fred F.

In his political views Mr. Actor has ever been an earnest republican since attaining adult age. In January, 1917, he was appointed to fill a vacancy on the board of county commissioners and is now serving in that capacity, in which connection he is making an excellent record, carefully safe-guarding the interests of the county, yet never blocking public progress by useless retrenchment. He belongs to Tucannon Lodge, No. 106, F. & A. M., of Starbuck, and also to Starbuck Lodge, No. 158, I. O. O. F. In 1916 he was representative to the grand lodge of Odd Fellows. He is also identified with Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P. In banking circles he is known as a director of the Bank of Starbuck and he ranks with the leading and representative business men and citizens of the town, his aid and influence being always given on the side of progress and improvement. He at all times displays a public-spirited devotion to the general good and has wisely conducted his private business affairs, which have brought to him substantial and merited success.

M. W. SWEGLE.

A successful career has been that of M. W. Swegle, who now follows farming on section 32, township 7 north, range 35 east, in Walla Walla county. He has lived in this county since 1888 and is concentrating his efforts and attention upon the development and improvement of a farm of five hundred and fourteen acres. This is a memorable locality in the history of the state for it is the site of the Whitman massacre--the identical spot on which the atrocities committed by the red men culminated in the murder of the noble Reverend Whitman and his family, those venerable pioneers, who were doing such inestimable work in claiming this region for the purposes of Christian civilization, laying the cornerstone of the foundation for the moral and materially visible development of the entire region.

Mr. Swegle is a western man by birth, training and preference and exemplifies in his life the spirit of enterprise and progress which has been the dominant factor in the upbuilding of the west, leading to its wonderful development. He was born in Salem, Oregon, June 28, 1861, a son of Charles and Lucinda (Robinson) Swegle. The father was a native of New Jersey, while the mother's birth occurred in Ohio. They were married in Illinois, to which state they had removed with their respective parents, and in 1848 they crossed the plains with ox teams to Oregon, settling first in Clackamas county, although soon afterward they removed to Marion county, taking up their abode near Salem. There the father resided until 1880, when he came with his family to Walla Walla county, Washington, and purchased nine hundred acres of land, a part of which is included within the boundaries of the present home place of M. W. Swegle. In the residence where his son now resides the father passed away on the 7th of May, 1888, and in his death the community mourned the loss of an honored pioneer settler and most respected citizen--one who in every relation of life commanded the goodwill and confidence of those with whom he came in contact. His widow survived him for several years and passed away in November, 1895.

M. W. Swegle was reared upon the old home farm and acquired a common school education. From the time he attained his majority he began farming on his own account and in 1888 he established his home in Walla Walla county. Soon afterward he purchased a section of land, some of which he has since sold, while a portion thereof he deeded to his wife. The present farm, held conjointly by Mr. Swegle and his wife's heirs, comprises five hundred and fourteen acres. This land he has brought to a very high state of cultivation, carrying on farm work along the most progressive lines. He is at all times practical in what he undertakes and the results are therefore substantial and most desirable. He has placed good improvements upon his farm and its neat and attractive appearance indicates his intelligently directed activity.

On the 2d of July, 1890, Mr. Swegle was united in marriage to Miss Libby Brooks, also a native of Oregon, although at the time of her marriage she was living in Walla Walla county. She was a daughter of John Brooks, who came to this county from that of Yamhill in Oregon. He is still living and at the present time is a resident of Portland, Oregon, the beautiful city of roses. To Mr. and Mrs. Swegle were born eight children, seven of whom survive, namely: Floyd and Jesse, who are operating the home farm; May; Alice; Frank; Florence; and Irene. All the children are yet at home. The wife and mother passed away February 19, 1916, her death being the occasion of deep and widespread regret among her many friends. All who knew her sympathized and grieved with the family, to whose welfare and interest she was always most devoted.

Mr. Swegle votes with the democratic party. He has never been an aspirant for office, preferring to give his time to and concentrate his energies upon his own affairs, upon the interests of his home, upon his business and upon those things which help to further the welfare of the community. For thirty years he has been a resident of Walla Walla county and has witnessed many favorable changes during this period, having by his own labors in no small measure contributed to agricultural development.

S. V. DAVIN.

One of the energetic and progressive business men of Walla Walla is S. V. Davin, president and manager of the Washington Weeder Works. He is a native of France, born September 20, 1861, and is a son of Joseph E. and Nomie (Escalle) Davin, who came with their family to America in 1873 and located in California, where the parents continued to make their home until death. Of their thirteen children only two are living, these being Joseph and S. V., of this review.

S. V. Davin was twelve years of age on the emigration of the family to the United States and in the schools of California he completed his education, which was begun in his native land. He remained in the Golden state until 1888, when he came to Walla Walla and spent three years on a ranch in this locality. During the following ten years he engaged in business in the city and was also interested in farming and stock raising, owning sixty-three hundred acres of land in Franklin county, Washington, stocked with sheep, and is president of the Davin-Mitchell sheep and cattle ranch, the company owning one thousand acres of land. Mr. Davin also owns one hundred and ninety-four acres of land west of the garrison, which is worth eight hundred dollars per acre and has two hundred and twenty-five acres at Lowden, Walla Walla county, upon which he keeps both cattle and sheep and has twenty-five cows for dairy purposes. Since 1910, however, Mr. Davin has given his attention largely to the business of the Washington Weeder Works, which is in a flourishing condition, manufacturing a double-disc weeder, which was awarded the gold medal at the Lewis & Clark Exposition as the best weed killer and cultivator exhibited. Besides the property already mentioned Mr. Davin owns a business building, also the Ritz Hotel and three residences in Walla Walla.

In 1893 he was united in marriage to Miss Ardella Haight, who died in 1901, leaving no children, and in 1903 he again married. To this union were born two sons, Jackson Joseph and Virgil Edward Marion. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal church and Mr. Davin is an active member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Eagles, the Moose and the Red Men. In politics he is a republican but has never cared for office. He gives his undivided attention to his extensive business interests, is prompt, energetic and progressive and carries to successful completion what he sets out to accomplish.

HON. JOHN F. ROCKHILL.

Hon. John F. Rockhill owns and operates a farm of five hundred acres of land in Columbia county, upon which he has resided for almost a quarter of a century, having taken up his abode upon that place in 1893. He was born in Marshall county, Iowa, April 29, 1855, a son of Anthony and Rosetta (Robbins) Rockhill, the former a native of Ohio, while the latter was born in the state of New York. They lived for some time in Iowa, but at length determined to try their fortunes upon the Pacific coast and in 1864 crossed the plains, establishing their home in Grande Ronde valley, Oregon. In 1865, however, they removed to the vicinity of Portland and in 1868 they came to Washington, settling in Walla Walla county, where the father rented a farm for two years. In 1870 he removed to a farm near Dayton and upon that place continued to reside until his demise. His widow also spent her last days upon that farm. They had a family of nine children, of whom six are yet living.

Hon. John F. Rockhill of this family was a little lad of nine years when he left his native state in company with his parents and came to the northwest. From the age of thirteen years he has lived in Washington and in the public schools of this section of the state he completed his education. He afterward took up land and engaged in farming, bringing to his duties broad practical experience which had come to him through assisting his father in the development and cultivation of the old home property. In 1885 John F. Rockhill removed to Whitman county, where he resided for eight years, but in 1893 he returned to Columbia county and purchased his present farm, upon which he is now living. He owns five hundred acres of excellent wheat land and in connection with the production of that cereal he is also successfully engaged in raising stock. In a word, his business affairs are capably managed and whatever he undertakes he carries forward to successful completion. He is likewise a stockholder in the warehouse at Turner and at Dayton and is regarded as a prominent figure in the business circles of his section of the state.

In 1877 Mr. Rockhill was united in marriage to Miss Mabel L. Taylor, a native of Iowa, and to them have been born eight children: Don M. a resident of Columbia county; Daisy, now the wife of C. I. Fleming, of Oregon; Hazel, deceased; Luella, who is a graduate of a normal school and is now engaged in teaching; Nora, who has departed this life; Cora, who was graduated from the high school and is now the wife of Edgar Hilbert, of Columbia county; John, who is engaged in farming with his father; and Mabel L., who is also a graduate of the high school and is the wife of Glenn Cecil.

Mrs. Rockhill is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church and is a lady of many excellent qualities. Mr. Rockhill belongs to Dayton Lodge, No. 136, I. O. O. F. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and in 1915 he was called upon to represent his district in the state legislature, of which he proved an able member, carefully considering the vital and significant problems which came up for settlement and throwing the weight of his influence where he felt that the public good could best be conserved or promoted. For several years he has served on the school board and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. He is a self-made man whose business advancement is attributable entirely to his own well directed efforts. Not only has he progressed in a financial way but has also come to be recognized as one of the prominent and influential citizens of Columbia county, where for almost a half century he has made his home, therefore witnessing the greater part of the growth and development of this section of the state. Great indeed have been the changes which have occurred during this period and Mr. Rockhill is numbered among the worthy pioneer settlers.

W. E. SPROUT.

W. E. Sprout is regarded as among the foremost business men of Starbuck, where he is engaged in general merchandising and he also is president of the Bank of Starbuck. He was born in Grundy county, Missouri, on the 31st of January, 1861, a son of Francis M. and Sarah (Winters) Sprout, the former a native of Indiana, while the latter was born in Ohio. They were married in Grundy county, Missouri, to which place they had removed in boyhood and girlhood with their respective parents. Following their marriage the father turned his attention to farming in Grundy county, but at the time of the Civil war he put aside all business and personal considerations to espouse the cause of his country, serving for a year and a half in the Civil war. He was wounded in the battle of Shiloh, losing his right arm. His first wife had died when their son, W. E. Sprout, was an infant of but four months and three years later the father married Miss Sophia Newland. He continued his residence in Missouri until 1888, when he removed to Hutchinson, Kansas, where he was engaged in farming until the death of his second wife in the year 1905. Since that date he has lived retired in Hutchinson, where he still makes his home, being now in the eightieth year of his age.

W. E. Sprout acquired but a limited education, his opportunities being such as the district schools afforded. When not busy with his textbooks he worked in the fields and thus early received the training which well qualified him to begin farming on his own account when he attained his majority. He carried on general agricultural pursuits in Grundy county for three years and in 1884 he came west to Washington, settling in Dayton, where he spent two years as a farm hand, working for wages. In 1886 he invested in land, becoming owner of a farm on the Tucanon, a half mile outside the city limits of the town site of Starbuck. Upon that place he engaged in general farming and stock raising, which business claimed his time and attention until the year 1892, when Starbuck was made a railroad division point and Mr. Sprout then established a butchering business in the village. This was largely done in order to find a profitable market for his cattle. Eight years later, in 1900, he bought out the mercantile business of A. L. O'Neil of Starbuck and has since been prominently identified with the commercial interests of the town. For eight years he carried on the business independently and then, in 1908, organized the Sprout & Barnhart Mercantile Company, which was incorporated with Mr. Sprout as the president and W. H. Barnhart as the secretary and manager of the company. In 1907 Mr. Sprout was also the dominant factor in the organization of the Bank of Starbuck, of which he became president and has since served in that connection. He is thus actively identified with the financial interests of the county and has made the Bank of Starbuck one of the strong and thoroughly reliable moneyed institutions of this section of the state.

In 1890 Mr. Sprout was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Wooten, a native of Columbia county, Washington, and a daughter of W. S. Wooten, who came to this state from Missouri about 1878 and still makes his home in Dayton. Mr. and Mrs. Sprout became the parents of one child, who has passed away, and the wife and mother died in January, 1906. Two years later, in April, 1908, Mr. Sprout was again married, his second union being with Miss Ida Hukill, a native of Walla Walla and a daughter of Allen Hukill, who was one of the early pioneers of Columbia county, taking up a homestead in this section of the state shortly after his arrival in Washington, when the entire region was largely an undeveloped section. To the second marriage of Mr. Sprout has been born one child, Allen M.

In his political views Mr. Sprout is a republican and served as the first mayor after the city of Starbuck was incorporated. He also served for a number of years as a member of the town council and ever exercised his official prerogatives in support of well defined plans and measures for the general good. He likewise served on the school board and the cause of education has ever found in him a stalwart champion. Fraternally he is connected with Tucannon Lodge, No. 106, F. & A. M., of Starbuck, and also with Starbuck Lodge, No. 158, I. O. O. F. He has recently disposed of his landed possessions but Mrs. Sprout still owns her homestead which she entered prior to her marriage. Mr. Sprout belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church and its teachings have been the guiding force in his life, making him a man among men, honored and respected by reason of his sterling worth, his patriotic loyalty in citizenship, his integrity and progressiveness in business and his faithfulness in friendship. In his public offices he has displayed the same spirit of enterprise and recognition of opportunity that has marked his business career, and Starbuck has profited much by his labors.

LESTER LEE ROBISON.

Lester Lee Robison, one of the foremost agriculturists and most extensive sheep growers of Walla Walla county, has in his own name three thousand acres of wheat land and seventy-five hundred acres of grazing land. His home is on section 34, township 8 north, range 35 east. His birth occurred in Dayton, Columbia county, Washington, on the 13th of April, 1884, his parents being Andrew M. and Theodosia (Fall) Robison, the former born in Austin, Texas, March 16, 1854, and the latter in Sidney, Iowa, on the 7th of September, 1857. It was in the year 1872 that the mother came to Washington with her parents, the family home being established near Dayton in Columbia county. Andrew M. Robison made his way to this state in the winter of 1876-7, when a young man of twenty-two years, and after his arrival he secured a contract with the Northern Pacific Railroad Company in construction work. Later he bought stock throughout this section, furnishing meat for the railroad construction gangs, which numbered about seven thousand Chinamen. Subsequently Mr. Robison took up his abode near Dayton and engaged in farming and in the stock business, being recognized for a number of years as one of the extensive stock buyers of this section of the state. In the fall of 1897 he removed to Walla Walla county, locating on Dry creek, four and one-half miles northwest of Walla Walla, where he acquired extensive farm lands, owning at the time of his death some twenty-eight hundred acres. He was widely recognized as one of the influential and leading citizens of southeastern Washington and was a prominent representative of the Masonic fraternity. His demise occurred on the 21st of October, 1907, but his widow survives, making her home in Walla Walla, where she has an extensive circle of friends.

Lester L. Robison acquired his education in the city schools of Walla Walla and also attended the State Agricultural College at Pullman, Washington. After putting aside his textbooks he worked with his father until 1907, when he started out independently as an agriculturist, taking charge of his father's large holdings, which he has managed with marked success to the present time. The property in his own name embraces three thousand acres of wheat land and also some seventy-five hundred acres of grazing land. Moreover, he has been heavily interested in the stock business for a number of years and is one of the foremost sheep growers of Walla Walla county.

On the 11th of September, 1907, Mr. Robison was united in marriage to Miss Elsie Riffle, of Walla Walla, her father being Elihu G. Riffle, who was one of the earliest pioneers of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Robison have a daughter, Laura Lee. Politically Mr. Robison is a democrat and fraternally is identified with the following Masonic organizations: Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; the Knight Templar Commandery; Oriental Consistory, A. & A. S. R.; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. He also belongs to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. A young man of enterprise, ambition and ability, he has ably carried forward the work of his honored father and his career bids fair to be one of continued achievement.

JAMES G. WOODEND.

James G. Woodend was one of the prominent farmers of southeastern Washington for many years and won a substantial measure of success by reason of the careful manner in which he developed his fields and managed his business affairs. He was a native of England and came to America when a young man of twenty-seven years. He did not tarry on the Atlantic coast but made his away across the country and took up his abode in Columbia county, Washington, at Starbuck. Here he occupied the position of section foreman for nineteen years and on the expiration of that period turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, purchasing a farm which he at once began to further develop and improve. Year after year he carefully tilled the soil and his plowing and planting, with the careful cultivation of his fields, brought to him substantial harvests which sold at a good figure. He was thus busily and successfully engaged in general farming up to the time of his death. In the intervening years he had added to his holdings as opportunity offered until he had become the owner of sixteen hundred acres of land which is still in possession of his widow, the greater part being wheat land. He was regarded as one of the most prominent men in the valley and his life work indicates what can be accomplished in the way of wheat production in this section of the state. Moreover, his history shows clearly what can be attained by honorable purpose and indefatigable energy.

In 1886 Mr. Woodend was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Bellingham, a native of England, who came to America in the same year. To them were born six children: Isabel, the wife of F. F. Kent; Anna M., who is living in Spokane; Robert G., who follows farming; Thomas S., at home; Marguerite V., the wife of A. J. Burke; and Mildred A., who is a student in the high school at Spokane.

The death of the husband and father occurred on September 21, 1915, and his remains were interred in the Starbuck cemetery. He left a widow and six children to mourn his loss, his demise being also a matter of deep regret to his many friends who sincerely esteemed him. He possessed many sterling traits of character, was thoroughly reliable in business, was public spirited in citizenship, held friendship inviolable and was devoted to the welfare and happiness of his wife and children. Mrs. Woodend still owns and manages her farm property and in fact has added to the sixteen hundred acres left by her husband, making an additional purchase of six hundred and twenty acres, also in Columbia county, so that she now owns over two thousand two hundred acres of valuable land in this section of the state.

M. B. WINCHELL.

M. B. Winchell, who is engaged in general merchandising in Touchet, Walla Walla county, ranks with the foremost business men of this section of the state. A spirit of progress and enterprise actuates him in all that he undertakes and his course has been characterized by a determined purpose. He has ever recognized the fact that when one avenue of success seems closed there can always be marked out another path that will lead to the desired goal. Alert and energetic and thoroughly reliable, his position among the business men of Walla Walla county is indeed enviable. A native son of Washington, he was born at Lyons Ferry on the 28th of March, 1888, his parents being Hezekiah and Alice L. (Palmer) Winchell. The father was a native of Michigan and the mother of the state of New York. They were married, however, in Minnesota, where the father was identified with timber interests for a number of years. In 1883 he brought his family to the west, settling in Walla Walla county, Washington, at which time he filed on a homestead near Lyons Ferry but resided thereon only long enough to prove up on the property. He then took up his abode in Waitsburg and for twenty-two years the family lived in or near that town. The father was engaged in farming during this time. He died in 1905, at the comparatively early age of fifty-six years. The sons in the family continued to make their home with their mother, her death occurring on the 5th of June, 1917. Mr. and Mrs. Winchell were worthy pioneer people of this section of the state and contributed much to its development and progress.

M. B. Winchell pursued his education in the graded schools of Waitsburg and also in the Waitsburg Academy, while subsequently he spent three terms in the Waitsburg high school, which he attended in the winter seasons. In fact his attendance at school was by no means continuous, but he utilized every opportunity to promote his education by entering school whenever he could. His father met with financial reverses and thus Mr. Winchell of this review was obliged early to start out in the business world and provide for his own support. He also earned the money that enabled him to continue his education. After finishing his course of study in the graded schools he devoted two years to work before he entered the academy and there was also a period of two years between his academic course and his high school course. In the meantime, however, he was learning many valuable lessons through experience. He was employed during the summer months and he made every spare hour count. He continued farm work and subsequently turned his attention to the grain business, becoming manager of an elevator when a youth of but seventeen years. This elevator was located at Alto, and he subsequently managed elevators at other points for the same company, a fact which is indicative of his capability and of his faithfulness. It is recognized that the best way to learn to do a thing is to do it. Habit brings accuracy and power grows through the exercise of effort. Labor does not tire--it gives resisting force; and all of these facts Mr. Winchell demonstrated in his life. He studied every task that came to his hand and from each new experience learned valuable lessons which have proven of worth to him in later years. He learned to correctly judge men and read character, while at the same time he was acquainting himself with commercial methods. While engaged in the grain trade he bought and shipped grain on tonnage during the winter months and attended school when there was no grain to ship. In other words he improved every opportunity to promote his knowledge as well as to advance his material interests. In 1914 he entered the employ of the Allen Grocery Company in Waitsburg and there laid the foundation for his mercantile success. In 1916 he took up his abode at Touchet and became one of the dominant factors in the organization of the Quality Stores Company, having stores at Touchet, Lowden and Waitsburg. He became the manager of the establishment at Touchet, which at the last inventory showed a stock of over thirty-one thousand dollars value, while annually he does a business of from seventy-five to eighty-five thousand dollars. This is a splendid establishment to be under the care of a young man who had to fight his own way, make his own way through school unaided and at all times rely upon his own resources. In the parlance of the present day, he is a live wire, or in other words he has the dynamic force which makes things move. An opportunity is to him a call to action and the call is never neglected.

On the 22d of September, 1912, Mr. Winchell was united in marriage to Miss Alberta Williams, of Walla Walla, by whom he has two children, Zilpha Alice and Ruth Emily. Mr. Winchell maintains an independent course in regard to politics, voting for men and measures rather than for party. Fraternally he is connected with Delta Lodge, No. 75, K. P., of Waitsburg, and also with the Ancient Order of United Workmen, while both he and his wife hold membership in the Community church of Touchet. He is interested in all that pertains to the material, political, social, mental and moral progress of the community. In a word his aid and influence are given on the side of advancement and improvement, and with him each day must mark off a full-faithed attempt to grow more and to know more.

WILLIAM C. WOODWARD.

William C. Woodward, a resident farmer of Columbia county, Washington, was born February 13, 1862, within the boundaries of the county where he still resides and which has been his home throughout the intervening period. He is a son of Albert and Oral Woodward, of whom mention is made in connection with the sketch of his sister, Mrs. Mary Nichols, on another page of this work. He spent his youthful days under the parental roof and divided his time between the acquirement of an education and work in the fields. His early training under his father's direction acquainted him with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops, so that valuable experience aided him when, on attaining his majority, he started out in the business world for himself. He began farming and has since been identified with general agricultural pursuits, owning valuable property which he has brought under a high state of cultivation, so that year after year his fields return to him good harvests that bring him a substantial income.

In 1891 Mr. Woodward was united in marriage to Miss Nora Davis, a native of Oregon and a daughter of Daniel and Isabella (Laughlin) Davis. Mr. and Mrs. Woodward have become the parents of six children: Albert D., S. M., O. H., L. S., H. L. and Sarah Alice. The parents are members of the Christian Science church and in his political views Mr. Woodward is a republican. He has served as county commissioner for two terms and has made an excellent record in his devotion to the public welfare. He has also been a member of the school board and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. He has many sterling traits of character, is thoroughly reliable as well as enterprising in the conduct of his farming interests, is progressive in citizenship and loyal in friendship. In fact, he is most faithful to every cause which he espouses, does not hesitate to express his honest convictions and his position upon any important question is never an equivocal one. A resident of what is now Columbia county for fifty-five years, he has been a witness of practically its entire growth and development and is justly numbered among its worthy and honored pioneer settlers.

JOHN ROBERTSON.

John Robertson, who follows farming on section 25, township 11 north, range 41 east, in Garfield county, was born in Prince Edward Island, Canada, on the 30th of November, 1866, but since 1882 has been a resident of Washington and through all the intervening years has been identified with its agricultural development. His parents, John and Mary (Steel) Robertson, were also natives of Prince Edward Island and were of Scotch parentage. In 1873 they removed with their family to California, settling in the Livermore valley, where the father's death occurred four years later, and in the fall of 1882, Mrs. Robertson with her four sons and one daughter came by team to Washington, where they proceeded to make a home for themselves. There was a strong family bond between the brothers, mother and sister and they held all of their interests jointly for many years, the brothers cooperating in their farming enterprises, and as a consequence all of them prospered. The mother is still living and makes her home with her son John, whose filial love and devotion repay her for the care which she gave to him in his youth.

John Robertson pursued a district school education in California, to which state he was taken by his parents when a lad of but seven years. He was a youth of sixteen when the family home was established in Garfield county, Washington, and here in connection with his three older brothers he began farming. Early in the '90s he homesteaded eighty acres which adjoins his present home farm, but he continued to engage in business in connection with his brothers until 1902, since which time he has followed farming independently. As the years have passed on he has prospered in his undertakings by reason of his close application and indefatigable energy and, making judicious investment in real estate, is now the owner of five hundred and sixty-five acres of excellent farm land and is regarded as one of the prominent agriculturists of his section of the state.

J. M. CRAWFORD.

A notable example of successful personal achievement is the history of J. M. Crawford, president and general manager of the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company of Walla Walla. Since making his initial step in the business world his career has been marked by an orderly progression that has brought him forward step by step until he now occupies a most prominent position in the commercial and manufacturing circles of the northwest. He was born in Smithfield, Ohio, June 3, 1865, and is a son of Dr. J. B. Crawford, who was engaged in the practice of medicine in Gillespie, Illinois, for many years. In 1910 he came to Walla Walla and here passed away in 1915 at the age of eighty-eight years.

J. M. Crawford spent his early life in the states of Illinois, Nebraska and Kansas. At the age of twenty-two years he was employed by the Badger Lumber Company of Kansas City and remained with them from 1887 to 1890, acting as line yard manager for western Kansas at a salary of fifty dollars per month, but he found his work very congenial. In 1889 he was married in western Kansas to Miss Martha Cox and they began their domestic life in a humble way, their first home being made in a lumber shed of the company, and here their oldest son was born. On starting in business for himself Mr. Crawford purchased a stock of lumber from the Paddock Lumber Company of Raywood, Illinois, and thus he laid the foundation for his present successful business.

In 1904 Mr. Crawford came to Walla Walla and formed the Whitehouse-Crawford Company by purchasing the control of a company from its original owners and later bought out those still interested in the business, so that today it is an entirely new corporation. In 1908 his brother, Joseph F. Crawford, came to Walla Walla and is now general manager of the company. They own a plant devoted to the manufacture of interior trimmings, showcases, bank and store fixtures, in addition to which they deal extensively in lumber, this being one of the most important industries of Walla Walla. The plant covers a block and a half on North Second street and forty men are employed throughout the year in the manufacture of a product which finds a ready sale on the market.

It was in 1906 that Mr. Crawford started the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company with five lumberyards, but which has since grown until it now has forty-five lumberyards in eastern Washington and central Oregon and is capitalized for five hundred thousand dollars. Of this company Mr. Crawford is the president and general manager. His business interests have thus assumed very extensive proportions and his activities constitute an important element in the material growth and commercial development of the northwest. Moreover, Mr. Crawford has been most active in advancing the welfare and upbuilding of his city by inducing many others to locate here. He has prevailed on many of his old friends to come from the east and make their homes in Walla Walla and five different Crawford families have located here.

To Mr. and Mrs. Crawford have been horn three children. Harold E. is a graduate of Whitman College and the Boston School of Technology. He now has charge of the engineering department of the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company, which constructs elevators, furnishes plans for houses and promotes good buildings, the plans and work being given patrons free of charge. C. Howard is treasurer of the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company and office man. He attended the Walla Walla high school until the age of seventeen, when he entered the office of the company and has steadily advanced, being a young man of practical experience and pronounced ability. Both sons are progressive and able to fill positions calling for skill and effectiveness. Susan M., the only daughter, was at one time a student at the University of Washington but is now attending Whitman College.

Mr. Crawford is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He has taken a marked interest in the Walla Walla Commercial Club and served on its board of directors for some years and as its president for one year. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church and Mr. Crawford was on the building committee when the present house of worship was erected. He is a self-made man, able, forceful and successful, and can well be numbered among the builders of Walla Walla. Alert and enterprising, he seems to lose sight of no opportunity that will advance his legitimate business interests or will promote the welfare and upbuilding of the community at large. His keen sagacity has been an important element in public progress and Walla Walla honors him as one of her most valued and representative men.

GRANT LOW.

Grant Low, a resident farmer of Columbia county, living on section 3, township 10 north, range 40 east, is numbered among the native sons of North Carolina, his birth having occurred within the borders of the Old North state December 25, 1870. His parents were Samuel and Dillie (Proctor) Low, who were also natives of North Carolina, where they spent their entire lives, the father there conducting a plantation.

Grant Low was reared upon the old home farm until his sixteenth year, and acquired but a limited common school education. His parents died when he was a youth of ten years and he was placed with a guardian, for whom he worked for his board and clothes. He did not like the treatment he received, however, and at the age of sixteen he ran away from his foster parents and went to Missouri, where he was employed as a farm hand for three years. In July, 1889, he made his way westward to Dayton, Washington, where he arrived with a cash capital of but five dollars. His financial condition rendered it imperative that he secure immediate employment and soon afterward he began working for wages at farm labor, spending three years in that way. He next purchased a place of one hundred and sixty acres on credit. He did not have a cent with which to make an initial payment but he possessed courage and determination and was not afraid to work. Moreover, he recognized the eternal principle that industry wins. He began farming for himself and within the next five years was able to clear his place of all indebtedness. From that time forward he has steadily added to his holdings until he now has twelve hundred and forty acres in his home farm and he owns altogether forty-four hundred acres near Starbuck, in Columbia county, of which eighteen hundred acres is valuable farm land. He operates altogether three thousand acres of his own land and six hundred acres belonging to the Dwelly estate, which he farms under lease. He is one of the leading agriculturists of southeastern Washington, his business affairs having been most carefully managed and his investments most judiciously made. He employs progressive methods in the care and cultivation of his land and he has added many improvements to his farm, which is today valuable and which constitutes one of the attractive features in the landscape.

On December 3, 1891, Mr. Low was united in marriage to Miss Oral Monnett, of Covello, Columbia county, Washington, a daughter of Wallace Monnett and a sister of A. A. Monnett, one of the prominent business men of Dayton. Mr. and Mrs. Low became the parents of five children, four of whom survive, namely: Nellie, Josie, Alberta and Donald. All are at home.

Mr. Low gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is a stanch advocate of its principles but does not seek nor desire office as a reward for party fealty. He has always preferred to concentrate his efforts and attention upon his business affairs and, working steadily and persistently, he has gained a comfortable competence, being numbered among the leading and progressive agriculturists of Columbia county.

ANGUS McKAY.

Angus McKay, a well known and enterprising farmer of Walla Walla county, was born in Canada on the 13th of January, 1836, and is a son of Angus and Margaret (Campbell) McKay, both of Highland Scotch birth. In 1832 they crossed the Atlantic and settled in Canada, where they continued to make their home until called from this life. To them were born eight children but Angus is the only one of the number now living.

Mr. McKay grew to manhood in Canada with the usual advantages of a boy of that period, attending school as he found opportunity. He subsequently served three years apprenticeship in a general merchandise store and remained in the Dominion in various capacities until in 1861 he left Canada and came to Walla Walla, Washington, where he engaged in the confectionery and tobacco business for five years. His former experience stood him in good stead and that he was successful along business lines is evident from the fact that at the end of that period he was enabled to secure a homestead of three hundred and twenty acres on Russell creek and he has since given his time and attention to farming with good results, becoming one of the well-to-do men of his community.

In 1866 Mr. McKay married Mrs. Mary A. Winship, a native of Ohio, who crossed the plains with her parents in 1852 in a covered wagon drawn by ox teams and settled in Oregon. To this union have been born seven children, of whom three are living, namely: March, residing and assisting on the ranch; Angus, living in Prossor; and Bessie, the wife of Oscar M. Shelton.

Mr. and Mrs. McKay are living on the ranch which has been their home for over half a century and besides this property they own a residence in the city of Walla Walla. Fraternally Mr. McKay is a member of the Masonic order and being a strong temperance man he organized the first Good Templars lodge in this region in 1866. In politics he is a republican and for fifty years he has efficiently served as justice of the peace, his rulings being fair and impartial. He has also filled the office of assessor for several years and no trust reposed in him has ever been betrayed in the slightest degree. His honorable principles have won him many friends and all who know him hold him in the highest esteem.

JOHN W. FOLEY.

The life record of John W. Foley spells success. He has succeeded in whatever he has undertaken by reason of close application, determined purpose and indefatigable energy. Early in life, when little more than a youth, he started out upon a mercantile career in Adam, Oregon, and the prosperity which attended that venture gave him his start for bigger things. He was likewise successful in the live stock business and later in farming operations, which he has carried on extensively, being regarded today as one of the foremost representatives of agricultural interests in Garfield county, his home being on section 3, township 12 north, range 41 east. He was born in the Willamette valley of Oregon on the 1st of November, 1866, and is a son of Francis and Hannah (Reese) Foley. The father is a native of Ohio and the mother of Kansas and in early life they crossed the plains, becoming residents of Oregon. They now make their home in California.

Liberal educational advantages were accorded John W. Foley. After mastering the branches of learning taught in the public schools he became a student in the Willamette University of Salem, Oregon, and subsequently attended the Portland University, thus becoming well qualified for life's practical and responsible duties. In young manhood he turned his attention to the hardware business, establishing a store in Adam, Oregon, where he remained for two years. The venture proved profitable and he sold out at a good advance. He then went to Rock Lake in Whitman county, Washington, and for seven years was engaged in the cattle business. Again success attended his undertaking and on the expiration of that period he removed to Walla Walla, where he was engaged in the hardware and implement business for two years. He also devoted a part of his attention to farming when in Walla Walla county and in March, 1916, he took up his abode upon his present home farm in Meadow Gulch, Garfield county, where he owns sixteen hundred acres of rich and valuable land that responds readily to the care and cultivation which he bestows upon it. In business affairs he displays sound judgment and discriminates readily between the essential and the non-essential, discarding the latter and utilizing the former to the best possible advantage.

In 1893 Mr. Foley was united in marriage to Miss Edith Babcock, a daughter of W. A. Babcock, one of the early pioneer settlers of Whitman county who is now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Foley have three children: Harold F., Eva and Wayne C. Mr. Foley gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is a stanch advocate of its principles but he has no desire for public office. He and his wife are consistent members of the Methodist church, contributing generously to its support and doing their part in its work. They are interested in all that pertains to the welfare and upbuilding of the community in which they reside and have been active factors in advancing its material, social and moral progress. They are widely and favorably known and the hospitality of the best homes of their locality is accorded them.

ANDREW J. ABEL.

Among the well known residents of Columbia county is Andrew J. Abel, a retired farmer. He was born in Indiana, October 28, 1838, a son of Andrew and Sarah Abel, both of whom were Hoosiers by birth. They grew to mature years and were married in Indiana but in 1840 removed with their family to Iowa, whence, in 1864, they set out by wagon for the far west. They at length reached Old Walla Walla county, Washington, and took up their residence on a farm near Dayton. Their first home in this section was a log cabin with a slab floor and a clapboard roof. Subsequently good buildings were erected upon the place, and the parents resided there until their death.

Andrew J. Abel, who is one of two living children of a family of ten, received the greater part of his education in Iowa and there grew to manhood. Upon removing to Washington with the other members of the family in 1864 he took a preemption claim in Paddock Hollow, and there he maintained his home for six years. At the end of that time he sold this place and took up as a homestead the farm on which he still lives. This comprises two hundred and forty acres, is in a high state of cultivation and is well improved. During his active life he gave the closest attention to the management of his affairs and as the years passed his resources increased. He is now in good financial circumstances and is living practically retired.

Mr. Abel married Miss Sarah A. Brodhead, and they have had eleven children, of whom eight survive, namely: Andrew J., Jr.; Maria J., the wife of James Woodward; Sarah E., who married William Newby; Cora A., now Mrs. Charles Ingram; Adele, the wife of Seymour Litter; Maud, the wife of Sterling Litter; Chester, a resident of Columbia county; and Tressie, who married Lenn Collins, now of Missouri.

Mr. Abel gives his political allegiance to the democratic party but has not served in any office with the exception of that of member of the school board. His wife belongs to the Christian church and he also casts his influence on the side of right and justice. For more than five decades he has been an interested witness of the progress that has been made in Old Walla Walla county, and his reminiscences of the early days are of much interest to the younger generation who are growing up amid conditions vastly different from those that their parents found here.

SMITH OWENS GWINN.

Smith Owens Gwinn is successfully engaged in farming on section 20, township 11 north, range 40 east, in Columbia county. He was born in Putnam county, Missouri, February 17, 1855, his parents being William and Nancy (Triplett) Gwinn, both of whom were natives of Kentucky, where they were reared and married. Soon afterward they removed to Putnam county, Missouri, where they resided until 1864, when they heard and heeded the call of the west. The stories which reached them concerning the opportunities on the Pacific coast led them to the determination to try their fortune in Washington. With ox teams and wagons they traveled across the plains, being six months on the journey, and at length they established their home in Walla Walla county, six miles east of Walla Walla, where the father purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, for which he paid eighteen hundred dollars. Today the same property is worth forty thousand dollars. He lived upon that farm for a number of years and then sold the property, after which he took up his abode in the city of Walla Walla, spending his remaining days in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He had acquired a comfortable competence sufficient to meet all of his needs and also sufficient to supply him with the comforts of life. He passed away in 1897, while his widow survived for about twelve years, her death occurring in 1909. In his political views Mr. Gwinn was a democrat, giving stalwart allegiance to the party. He served as county assessor of Walla Walla county before it was divided, occupying that position for three or four years. He was widely known throughout the county, ranking as a representative business man and progressive citizen, and as a pioneer he contributed much to the early development of his section of the state. He and his wife were consistent and faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church and were people of the highest respectability, enjoying the goodwill and confidence of all with whom they were associated. They left the impress of their individuality for good upon the material, political and moral development of the community.

Smith O. Gwinn was a lad of but nine years at the time of the removal of the family to Washington, so that he pursued his education largely in the schools of this district. He attended the Maxson school on Russell creek and on reaching his majority he began farming on his own account, renting land for that purpose. He raised two crops in Walla Walla county and in the fall of 1877 removed to Columbia county, where he homesteaded eighty acres. He failed, however, to get water on his land and therefore sold his right, after which he purchased another eighty acres with water on it. About 1880 he disposed of that farm and invested in his present home place of one hundred and sixty acres. In 1895 he leased this farm to Charlie Thronson and removed to Dayton, where he turned his attention to the livery business, with which he was identified for four years. Later he was engaged in various lines of business and retained his residence in Dayton until 1904, when he removed to Portland, where he resided for two years. He then went to Spokane, where the following year was passed, after which he returned to Portland, Oregon, where he again lived for three years. Once more he took up his abode in Spokane, where he remained until July, 1917, when he returned to the old home farm in Columbia county. Upon this place he has recently erected one of the most commodious and beautiful country homes in southeastern Washington and he has added many other modern improvements which add to the value and attractive appearance of the place. He also owns four hundred and eighty acres of land which constitutes one of the valuable wheat ranches of Columbia county. His business affairs are carefully managed and his unfaltering energy has carried him steadily forward to the goal of success.

Mr. Gwinn votes with the democratic party, of which he has been a stalwart champion since attaining his majority. He belongs to Touchet Lodge, I. O. O. F., and is one of the well known citizens of Columbia county who has gained a gratifying measure of success owing to his close application and indefatigable energy. His efforts have been a contributing factor in bringing about the splendid results that have been achieved in making southeastern Washington a notable agricultural belt, especially adapted to wheat raising.

W. H. YOUNGER.

W. H. Younger, who superintends the operation of the Prescott mills as agent for the Portland Flouring Mills Company, the largest concern of the kind in the northwest, was born in Stockton, California, on the 29th of January, 1889, a son of Thomas W. and Nannie (Welch) Younger. For a period of forty-three years the father was connected with the Southern Pacific Railroad Company as superintendent of motive power but has recently retired and now makes his home at Forest Grove, Oregon.

In the acquirement of his education W. H. Younger attended the public schools of Portland and also the Portland Academy. When a youth of sixteen years he entered the employ of the Portland Flouring Mills Company, securing a position as office boy in their Portland offices. With this important enterprise he has been connected continuously to the present time, becoming thoroughly familiar with every phase of the milling business, and that his services have been recognized as of value is indicated by his steady promotion. In 1909 he was made bookkeeper under E. H. Leonard, agent of the Prescott mills, serving in that capacity for four years or until the 1st of April, 1913, when he was appointed agent of the mills at Dayton, Washington. He had charge of the mills there for four years and on the 1st of May, 1917, was transferred to Prescott as agent at this point, in which connection he is making an excellent and most commendable record.

On the 28th of June, 1910, Mr. Younger was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Grace Anderson, of Portland, Oregon. Mr. Younger gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is deeply interested in matters of civic concern, having served as president of the Dayton Commercial Club and as a member of the Dayton Board of Trade. Fraternally he is identified with Dayton Lodge, F. & A. M., and he is also a charter member of Whetstone Lodge, No. 157, K. P., in which he has passed through all the chairs. His wife belongs to Trinity Episcopal church of Portland and both enjoy an enviable position in the social circles of Prescott, where they now make their home.

WILEY L. ARNOLD.

Wiley L. Arnold, a representative and successful agriculturist of Walla Walla county, resides on section 26, township 8 north, range 37 east, where he operates a well improved farm of forty-five acres, and he is also the owner of another valuable farm of one hundred and eighteen acres four miles distant from the aforementioned place. His birth occurred in Tennessee on the 8th of September, 1866, his parents being John and Anna Arnold, who spent their entire lives in that state. They had two sons, the brother of our subject being Grant, who is still a resident of Tennessee.

Wiley L. Arnold spent the period of his minority in his native state and in 1887, when a young man of twenty-one years, made his may to Spokane, Washington. Soon afterward, however, he removed to Vancouver, Washington, where he also spent but a short time and then went to Grants Pass, Oregon, there remaining during a winter season. Subsequently he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and here worked on a ranch for three and one-half years. On the expiration of that period he returned to Grants Pass, Oregon, but two years later again made his way to Walla Walla county and purchased the farm on which he now resides and to the cultivation of which he has devoted his attention continuously to the present time. It is a highly improved property, comprising forty-five acres on section 26, township 8 north, range 37 east, near Dixie. Mr. Arnold also owns another farm of one hundred and eighteen acres nearby and in the conduct of his agricultural interests has met with gratifying and well deserved success, being energetic, enterprising and progressive. He is also a stockholder in the warehouse at Sapellel.

In 1893 Mr. Arnold was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Perry, a native of California and a daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Shinn) Perry, the former born in Canada and the latter in Michigan. They made the trip to California in 1849 and after a number of years' residence in that state took up their abode in Grants Pass, Oregon, where they spent the remainder of their lives. They became the parents of twelve children, eight of whom survive. To Mr. and Mrs. Arnold have been born six children, as follows: Veora I., who is the wife of George W. Bruce; Marion Harvey; Zeffie A.; Sarah F.; Ivan W.; and one who died in infancy.

Mr. Arnold gives his political allegiance to the republican party and has ably served as school director here. Fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Lodge No. 117, and his wife is a consistent member of the Christian church. They are widely and favorably known in Walla Walla county and Mr. Arnold enjoys an enviable reputation as a self-made man whose success is the merited reward of his unremitting industry and sound business judgment.

JOHN HOFFMANN.

John Hoffmann is one of the honored pioneer settlers of Walla Walla and of the Inland Empire. There is no phase of the frontier development with which he is not familiar, for he came here when the work of progress seemed scarcely begun. In the years which have since elapsed he has not only witnessed remarkable changes that have brought this county to a foremost place in the way of improvement and development but he has also taken a most active part in bringing about this result by reason of his extensive interests and activities as an agriculturist.

Mr. Hoffmann was born in Germany, March 28, 1852, and remained in that country until he reached the age of sixteen years, when his father sent him to the new world in order that he might escape Bismarck's compulsory military service law, which had been established at the close of the Franco-Prussian war. He remained for a period in New York and in the eastern part of the country but in 1878 reached Walla Walla, being then a young man of twenty-six years. He began life as a farm hand, and something of the intense activity and enterprise which has ever characterized him is indicated in the fact that he came to be the possessor of eight thousand acres of the finest land in the wheat belt of Washington, having six thousand and eighty acres in one body, which was but bunch grass land when taken by Mr. Hoffmann. It is now well improved with fine buildings, supplied with best modern improvements, including electric light and baths. Water is secured at a depth of nine hundred and forty-five feet, Mr. Hoffmann being the first to drill a deep well in this locality. His fine place certainly indicates what energy, good judgment and determination can do. At the time of his arrival, however, little land had been brought under the plow and the city of Walla Walla was scarcely more than a trading and military post. The wide fields were covered with sagebrush or bunchgrass and there were no railroads. Mr. Hoffmann brought with him a heavy team and with this he at once began work, hauling freight from Wallula to Spokane and into the Coeur d'Alenes. It often required two or three months to make such trips, for the horses had to be fed on grass, as there was little grain for that purpose. With the completion of the Northern Pacific Railroad, Mr. Hoffmann recognized the fact that freighting would no longer be profitable and therefore looked about him for some other means of support. He was unable to secure a homestead because he could not remain upon it, necessity forcing him to provide for his support in other ways. He therefore used his preemption right and occupied one hundred and sixty acres of land on what is now Eureka Flats. He used his team in work for others and as opportunity offered rented adjoining land. It was about 1880 that he threshed his first wheat crop from a tract of seventy-five acres, selling the crop at about forty-four cents per bushel after hauling it eighteen miles to Prescott. In his third year he harvested half a section of wheat but as yet had no farm machinery. When sowing and threshing time came, Mr. Hoffmann with his eight horses continued to work for others and in this way paid for putting in and gathering his crops for several years. In the meantime he was most carefully saving his earnings in order to equip a farm, and whenever opportunity offered he also added to his holdings, becoming the owner of four thousand four hundred acres on the Eureka Flats. There he introduced punctuality and regulations as stringent as those of a factory. He began work after three o'clock in the morning to round up the horses and ended the day's work at dark or later. He secured modern steam machinery and with his working system he did more work than if he had forced his employes to continue their labor from daylight until dark. There was no loss of time and each move was made to count for the utmost. He kept in touch with every phase of progressive farming and in fact was a recognized leader in introducing improved methods. He studied agriculture from the practical and from the scientific standpoints and, in fact, he recognized that these two things are one. The results achieved were marvelous and as his financial resources increased he continued making investments. From time to time he purchased cheap land. He bought six sections of railroad land along the Snake river to be used as horse pasturage until rapidly moving settlement required it. For this he paid only seventy-five cents per acre and after a few years he sold it at a net profit of five dollars per acre, thus realizing a handsome sum on his investment. He made other similar purchases of land, which in time he turned into ready money, continuing to realize a fair profit. His holdings at one time embraced over twelve thousand acres. He continued to occupy his farm until 1893, when he removed his family to Walla Walla, and in 1903 he retired from the active management of his farming property. He helped to organize and is a director of Walla Walla's Farmers Agency.

On April 25, 1881, Mr. Hoffmann was united in marriage to Miss Theresa Kirchner, a native of Minnesota, who came to Washington with her parents when she was a child of but four years. Mr. and Mrs. Hoffmann have become the parents of ten children, seven of whom are yet living: John Edward, an agriculturist of Columbia county, Washington; Bessie D., who is the wife of Ben Grote, of Walla Walla; Anna, who gave her hand in marriage to George Retzer, a druggist residing in Walla Walla; Valline, who is pursuing a course in mechanical engineering in the University of Washington at Seattle; Philip, a senior in the high school; John William, who is an eighth grade pupil; and Corleen, who is a freshman in the high school.

In politics Mr. Hoffmann has long been a stalwart republican and gives unfaltering allegiance to the principles of the party, yet without desire for office. He belongs to the Commercial Club and through that agency works for the upbuilding and development of the city in which he makes his home. He is well known in fraternal circles, holding membership in Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, A. F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; Columbia Commandery, K. T.; Oriental Consistory, No. 2, A. & A. S. R.; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. For from thirty to forty years he has belonged to the order. He and his wife are also members of the Order of the Eastern Star and they are widely and prominently known socially, having a circle of friends almost coextensive with the circle of their acquaintance. The life record of Mr. Hoffmann is indeed a notable one and there is no resident of Walla Walla who has more truly earned the proud American title of a self-made man. Being early released from the military rule of Germany, he found in the opportunities of the new world the chances for advancement if the individual possesses industry and determination. These qualities are his in large measure and step by step he has progressed until he has long since occupied a place among the men of affluence in Washington. For almost forty years he has been a witness of the changes which have here occurred and is today one of the honored pioneer settlers of Walla Walla county, his memory forming a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present.

U. F. CORKRUM.

No student of history can carry his investigations far into the annals of Walla Walla county without learning of the close connection of the Corkrum family with the development of the agricultural interests of this section of the state. U. F. Corkrum is numbered among the progressive and enterprising wheat growers of Walla Walla county, where he was born on the 1st of June, 1866. His father, Francis M. Corkrum, was a native of Kentucky, and in early life went to Illinois, where he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Killabrew, who was a native of that state. They were residents of Illinois until 1865, when they crossed the plains with ox teams to Washington. On their arrival the father took up a homestead on Dry creek, about six miles northeast of Walla Walla, where he resided until about 1895. He then removed to the city, where the last twelve years of his life were passed, his death occurring in 1907. He was one of the first men in this county to take up wheat growing, demonstrating the possibilities for the successful production of that crop in this section of the state. He became one of the most extensive wheat growers of eastern Washington and acquired twelve hundred acres of land, mostly devoted to wheat raising. His widow survived him for a brief period, passing away in 1910.

U. F. Corkrum was educated in the Union school on Dry creek, with one term at Whitman College. The winter seasons were devoted to his school work, while the summer months were spent in farm labor. As early as his nineteenth year he began farming on his own account and on attaining his majority he made his first purchase of land, becoming owner of a farm of two hundred and forty acres on Dry creek. To this he added at intervals as his financial resources increased until 1893, at which time he had ten hundred and thirty-five acres, but the widespread financial panic of that year caused him to lose all that he had and to start in business life anew. That he met discouragement bravely and undertook his task with stout heart is indicated in the fact that he now owns six hundred and forty acres of rich and valuable wheat land and recently sold another tract of one hundred and sixty acres. He is now residing in Walla Walla in order to give his children the advantages of the city, but he is still one of the active wheat growers of the county and his business affairs are systematically managed, while the results that are attained are most desirable.

In 1897 Mr. Corkrum was united in marriage to Miss Kathryn Williams, of Brecknockshire, Wales, who emigrated to the United States in 1894, and came to Washington two years later. They now have four children, namely: Franklin Carl, Frederick Victor and Ralph Edward, all of whom are students in the Walla Walla high school; and Bertie Stanford, who is attending the graded school.

In politics Mr. Corkrum is a democrat but is without ambition for public office. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, to the teachings of which they consistently adhere, and their influence is always on the side of right, progress and improvement. They are honored among those whose financial liberality made possible the fine new church built in 1917. Their cooperation can ever be counted upon to advance and support movements for the benefit of the individual and of the community at large and they advocate the highest standards of citizenship. Mr. Corkrum's example is well worthy of emulation. Many a man of less resolute spirit would have become utterly discouraged by failure, but in his career difficulties and obstacles have seemed but to serve as an impetus for renewed effort, calling forth his latent powers. Recognizing that perseverance and industry are essential features to success, he has ever cultivated those qualities and has gained a most creditable position in business circles.

CLINTON H. CUMMINGS.

Clinton H. Cummings is a well known agriculturist residing on section 4, township 6 north, range 35 east, Walla Walla county, there owning eighty acres of land in the richest part of the valley. His birth occurred in Lewisburg, Union county, Pennsylvania, on the 13th of August, 1855, his parents being Andrew and Catherine (Boney) Cummings, who spent their entire lives in the Keystone state. The father worked at the cabinet maker's trade in early life, but after the period of the Civil war embarked in the furniture business and was identified therewith in later years.

Clinton H. Cummings acquired a limited education in the district schools and subsequently secured a position as clerk in a mercantile establishment, while for a year and a half he was in the employ of the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Company. In 1883 he heard and heeded the call of the west and made his way to the Pacific coast country, reaching Seattle on the 28th of April of that year. He remained in that city for eight years, being employed in various ways, and in 1891 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, where he secured a position as manager of a grain warehouse. He was afterward employed in different capacities at Walla Walla until 1896, when he took up a homestead in the Nez Percé reservation and there devoted his attention to general agricultural pursuits for seven years. On the expiration of that period he disposed of the property and returned to Walla Walla, where he established himself in the grocery business, successfully conducting an enterprise of that character for ten years. He then traded his store for his present farm holdings, which embrace eighty acres of the richest land in the valley and to the cultivation of which he has since devoted his attention, meeting with a well deserved and gratifying measure of prosperity in this connection.

In 1889 Mr. Cummings was united in marriage to Miss Frances Belle Kennedy, of Walla Walla. He is a democrat in politics and has served for two terms as a member of the city council of Walla Walla, the fact that he was elected in a strong republican ward being indicative of his personal popularity and the public confidence in his capability. Fraternally he is identified with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, belonging to the Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287. His well directed business activities have won him material success and by his upright and honorable life he has gained the warm regard and friendship of many with whom he has been brought in contact.

CHARLES ISECKE.

For almost a third of a century Charles Isecke was a resident of Washington and during that long period made valuable contributions to the work of development and progress in the state. There was no phase of pioneer life in Washington with which he was not thoroughly familiar and at all times he bore his part in the work of development and won a substantial measure of business success. His personal qualities, too, made him very popular and everyone whom he met was his friend.

Mr. Isecke was born in Pommern, western Prussia, May 8, 1842, and had therefore completed the Psalmist's span of three score years and ten when called to his final rest. He acquired his education in the common and normal schools of his native country and after putting aside his textbooks began learning the miller's trade, with which he became thoroughly familiar. He was twenty-four years of age when in 1866 he severed home ties and bade adieu to his native land preparatory to becoming a resident of America. Crossing the Atlantic, he located at Buffalo, New York, and was there employed for a time in carpenter work but afterward turned his attention to railway bridge building. The west, however, attracted him and in 1874 he made his way to California, where for four years he was employed in the car shops at Salida. In the spring of 1878 he arrived in Washington, and after seeking a favorable location decided upon Anatone, where he purchased a small store that had been established only a short time before. Increasing the size of the stock immediately, he continued to carry on the business for eleven years with substantial success and in 1889 sold out to W. J. Clemans. He then removed to Asotin and during the period of his residence in that city was connected with various important industries and business enterprises, becoming president of the Blue Mountain Lumber & Manufacturing Company and also president of the bank of Asotin from its organization until his demise.

Mr. Isecke was married in 1879, about a year after taking up his abode in Anatone, the lady of his choice being Miss Mary L. Sutherland, of Truro, Nova Scotia, with whom he had become acquainted in California. Mr. Isecke was prominent in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and became a charter member of Hope Lodge, No. 30, at Anatone. He regularly attended the lodge meetings, had filled all of the offices in the organization and was always in attendance at the annual sessions of the Grand Lodge. He gave his financial aid and assistance to all movements calculated to benefit the community in which he lived and he was most generous in his contributions to religious organizations and charitable societies. He possessed a cheery nature, was ever considerate of others and never failed to extend a helping hand where he could give assistance. At Christmas time he was most generous in his gifts to the poor and it was his desire that all people should be happy. His kindly nature made him loved by all and his circle of friends was coextensive with the circle of his acquaintance. On the fiftieth anniversary of their graduation Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote a poem concerning his classmates in which he termed them "The Boys." Speaking of one of them he said:

"You see that boy laughing, you think he's all fun But the angels laugh, too, at the good he has done. The children laugh loud as they troop to his call But the poor man that knows him laughs loudest of all."

These words are entirely applicable to Mr. Isecke, who belonged to that class of men who shed around them much of life's sunshine and who are ever putting forth earnest and effective effort to ameliorate the hard conditions of life for the unfortunate.

WILLIAM H. LEONARD.

William H. Leonard, one of the best known stock breeders in southeastern Washington, where he took up his abode almost four decades ago, is the proprietor of the Blue Ribbon Stock Farm on section 28, township 14 north, range 41 east, and owns eleven hundred and sixty acres of land, comprising one of the best improved farms in Garfield county. His birth occurred in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 1st of March, 1860, his parents being William J. and Sarah Jane (Cronkhite) Leonard, who were married in Illinois and spent the remainder of their lives in Vermilion county, that state. The father was an agriculturist, owning and cultivating two hundred and eighty acres of valuable corn land in Vermilion county. He died when yet a comparatively young man, passing away in 1866 or 1867, and his wife survived him for but ten years.

William H. Leonard was a youth of but sixteen years when he lost his mother and since that time he has made his own way in the world. In 1877 he journeyed westward by immigrant train to California, spending two years in Los Angeles county, where he worked for wages. In 1879 he came to Washington, locating in Walla Walla county, where he again worked for others for a period of two years and at the end of that time settled in what was then Columbia county and is now Garfield county. Here he took up a preemption claim of one hundred and sixty acres, subsequently commuted this and then took up a homestead. At the same time that he filed on his homestead he bought a quit claim on a timber claim, on which he proved up later. Since then he has added to this by purchase until his present holdings comprise eleven hundred and sixty acres and he enjoys the distinction of owning one of the best improved farms in Garfield county. During the past fourteen years Mr. Leonard has specialized in the breeding of registered thoroughbred shorthorn cattle and now has more than eighty head that are registered or eligible to registry. He has attended the Lewiston livestock show and sale with a carload of cattle for the past three years and has gained a most enviable reputation as a breeder. His style of dealing with his customers has contributed most to his success, demonstrating that honesty is the best policy, for when one of his animals is placed on the auctioneer's block, the buyers of his stock know that there are no by-bidders running up the price and that every animal purchased from him measures up to the standard set. The prosperity which has come to him is indeed well deserved, for he has worked earnestly and energetically as the years have gone on and by able management and sound judgment has won a place among the leading stock breeders and farmers of this section of the state.

In 1881 Mr. Leonard was united in marriage to Miss Matilda Starr, of Columbia county, her father, William H. Starr, being among the early pioneer settlers of that county. They have become the parents of five children, as follows: Clara E., who is the wife of Fernando Freeburn, a farmer of Garfield county; Izza C., who gave her hand in marriage to W. Morse, of Waitsburg, Washington; William J., who operates the home farm; Mary M., who was educated in the State Normal School at Cheney, Washington, and is now engaged in teaching; and Mildred T., at home.

HEZEKIAH N. BROWN.

Hezekiah N. Brown, a retired farmer, residing in Dayton, Columbia county, was born in central Tennessee, August 28, 1845, a son of John and Perlina (Kincade) Brown, who were also natives of that state. In 1847 they removed west to Arkansas, and there the father spent his remaining years. The mother, however, came to Columbia county, Washington, in 1874. The following year her death occurred. They had eight children, of whom five survive, two residents of Washington; two of Idaho; and one of Texas.

Hezekiah N. Brown received his education in Arkansas and there grew to manhood. Most of his boyhood was spent in rail splitting and hard work on the farm. In 1872 he determined to cast in his lot with the Pacific northwest and came to what is now Columbia county, Washington, but was then a part of Walla Walla county. He acquired title to land and as time passed he was able to add to his holdings. Success was the natural result of his hard work, thrift and good management, and he still owns nine hundred and thirty-two acres, which is in a high state of cultivation and is well improved. Although the buildings upon the farm are now commodious, up-to-date and attractive in design, during the first years of his residence here he lived in a box house. In 1909 he retired and removed to Dayton, where he still lives.

Mr. Brown was married in Arkansas in 1869, to Miss Elizabeth Carpenter, whose birth occurred in Runnells county, Missouri, February 14, 1849. To them have been born five children: Leo and George, both of whom are farming; Elmer H., who is living in Seattle; Walter S., a merchant of Spokane; and Luella, deceased.

Mr. Brown has been a lifelong adherent to the democratic party and for twenty-five years he rendered capable service as a member of the school board. At the time of the Civil war he served in the Confederate army under General Cooper, and although he was at the front four years and took part in much hard fighting he came out without a scratch. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church, whose teachings are the guiding principles of their lives. Mr. Brown was not only thrown upon his own resources at an early age but until he was twenty-four years old aided materially in the support of his parents. He is, therefore, a self-made man and is entitled to the credit given those who, through their own unaided efforts, have gained material success and an honored place in their community.

C. A. HALES.

Since 1892, C. A. Hales has been identified with the sheep industry in Washington and Oregon and is now senior partner in the firm of C. A. Hales & Sons, prominent sheep raisers of Walla Walla county. He resides on section 12, township 9 north, range 37 east, and has been a lifelong resident of the northwest, his birth having occurred in Marion county, Oregon, October 16, 1867, his parents being William H. and Lucinda (Turner) Hales. The father crossed the plains in 1851, when a young man of twenty-one years, and located near Portland, Oregon, when there were but one or two log cabins on the site of the present beautiful city. Later he went to California, where he followed mining for a number of years, and in 1873 he became a resident of Weston, Oregon, where he engaged in ranching and in the livestock business. He acquired extensive land holdings and became a prominent factor in the livestock industry in that section of the country, there remaining until his death, which occurred in 1887. His wife had crossed the plains with her parents in 1849, when but four years of age, the family home being established in Marion county, Oregon. She still survives and makes her home near that of her son, C. A. Hales, of this review.

In the common schools C. A. Hales acquired his education. He was but twenty years of age at the time of his father's death, at which time the latter's extensive and important business interests devolved upon the son. He had to assume the management of the large farm holdings and livestock interests, and though his responsibilities were heavy, he proved adequate to the demands placed upon him. In 1892 he turned his attention to the sheep industry and has in the course of years become one of the foremost sheep men of the northwest, running some twelve thousand head of sheep at the present time. His splendid business ability is demonstrated by his successful control of extensive interests of this character. He has a vast acreage on which to pasture his flocks and he keeps in close touch with every condition bearing upon the welfare of his business and upon the market. He is thus thoroughly acquainted with everything that has to do with the successful conduct of his interests.

In 1890 Mr. Hales was married to Miss Lucinda Galloway, of Morrow county, Oregon, and to them have been born eight children, six of whom are living, namely: Willis R., who is associated with his father in the sheep business and is the manager of the Union Stock Yards at Pasco, Washington; Alfred L. and Lester M., who are also associated with their father in the sheep business; Marvin R.; Ila M.;, and Gertrude E.

Politically Mr. Hales is a stanch republican, while fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging to Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, F. & A. M., and Dayton Chapter, R. A. M. Mr. Hales and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is much interested in its work and generous in its support. He stands at all times for those things which are a matter of benefit to the individual and to the community at large and his influence is always on the side of progress, justice, truth and right. His career has been notably successful. It is true that something came to him through inheritance; on the other hand, it is true that necessity is the spur of ambition and industry, and there are too many cases where inheritance has seemed to enfeeble effort rather than to call forth the most persistent purpose. Mr. Hales, however, nobly met the tasks that developed upon him at his father's death and in the conduct of business interests was and is always looking for opportunities to advance. His course has been marked by a steady progression and each forward step has brought him a broader outlook and wider opportunities, which he has eagerly, promptly and rightfully utilized. Moreover, his business affairs have always been of a character that have contributed to public progress as well as to individual success and through the management of his extensive sheep interests he has done much to further prosperity in Walla Walla county.

HARVEY B. BATEMAN.

Among the honored early settlers of Old Walla Walla county was Harvey B. Bateman, who took an active part in the development of this region, especially along agricultural lines. He was born in Illinois on the 10th of November, 1833, and in early manhood crossed the plains, enduring all the hardships and dangers of such a journey. On reaching Washington he bought a farm near Waitsburg and continued to reside thereon up to the time of his death, his time and attention being devoted to farming.

In 1876 Mr. Bateman was united in marriage to Miss Susan Thomas, a native of Missouri and a daughter of T. T. and Nancy (Curl) Thomas, who in 1851 left their home in the Mississippi valley and after crossing mountains and desert finally reached Linn county, Oregon, where the father took up a donation claim. He built thereon a log cabin with a clapboard roof and stick chimney and in this frontier home the family lived in true pioneer style. He became one of the prominent and influential citizens of his community and was called upon to represent his district in the state legislature for two terms. Later he went to Alaska, where his death occurred. His wife died in Washington. In their family were ten children, of whom five are still living.

To Mr. and Mrs. Bateman were born twelve children, but Mida, the wife of J. O. Windust, and four others are deceased. Those living are: Mary, the wife of Andrew Gregg of Oakesdale, Washington; Nancy, the wife of Wesley Star; John M.; James S.; Dollie, the wife of Fred Porter; Katherine, the wife of W. F. Hawks; and Wilber, who is now operating the homestead farm, comprising three hundred acres. The place is well improved with good and substantial buildings and still belongs to Mrs. Bateman.

Mr. Bateman was a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which his widow also belongs, and his earnest Christian life won for him the confidence and high regard of all with whom he came in contact either in business or social life. He passed away in 1904 and was laid to rest in the Waitsburg cemetery. Mrs. Bateman has not only reared her own family but has also cared for five grandchildren, which she has educated as well. Her life has been a busy and useful one and she well merits the high esteem in which she is uniformly held.

WILLIAM E. CAHILL.

William E. Cahill, who is engaged in the abstract and general loan business in Dayton, was born in Green Lake county, Wisconsin, on the 18th of January, 1862, his parents being William R. and Angeline C. (Church) Cahill, both of whom were natives of the state of New York, but in early life removed with their respective parents to Wisconsin, where they reached man and womanhood. It was there that William R. Cahill and Angeline C. Church were married, after which they located upon a farm, Mr. Cahill devoting his attention to the development and improvement of that place until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when he responded to the country's call for troops, enlisting in the Union army in the fall of 1861. He served for three years and participated in many hotly contested engagements. On one occasion he was carrying on his back from the field a wounded man when a shell burst near them and cut the man squarely in two and threw Mr. Cahill a distance of seventy-five feet, the concussion being so great that it burst both ear drums and partially paralyzed him, making him a physical wreck through the following years of his life. He passed away in 1890. In 1878 he had removed with his family to Columbia county, Washington, arriving in Dayton on the 4th of May of that year. He took up his abode upon a farm near Dayton, where he resided until about a year prior to his death, when he established his home in the city of Dayton. His widow still survives and now resides with her son, A. P. Cahill.

William E. Cahill spent the first sixteen years of his life in his native state and during that period acquired a common school education in Wisconsin. In 1878 he accompanied his parents to Washington and subsequently became a student in the Dayton high school. At the age of nineteen years he started upon his business career in a humble capacity, being employed to wheel sawdust from under the saw in a sawmill in the mountains near Dayton. Thirty days later he was promoted to the position of driving a bull team of five yoke of bulls at the sawmill. For three months during this summer he lived on red beans and sour dough bread and he carried fifty cents in his pocket for that entire period without having occasion to spend it. During the following winter he attended the Dayton high school and subsequently he took up the profession of teaching, which he followed for two years. During this time he saved enough money to pay his tuition in the Portland Business College, where he became a student. After completing his course in that institution he once more returned to Dayton and on the 4th of May, 1884, he accepted a clerkship in the mercantile house of M. Hexter, by whom he was employed for seven years, his long retention in that position indicating most clearly his fidelity, capability and trustworthiness. He resigned his position on the 4th of May, 1891, and opened a set of abstract books, since which time he has been engaged in the abstract and insurance business, also handling mortgage loans and acting as agent for various clients. He has built up a business of extensive proportions and derives therefrom a gratifying annual income. He was also one of the organizers of the Broughton National Bank and became a member of the board of directors, in which capacity he is still serving. He has from time to time made extensive investments in farm lands and is now the owner of farm property comprising two thousand acres eight miles east of Dayton.

Fraternally Mr. Cahill is connected with Columbia Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M., of Dayton, and with Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P. He is loyal to the teachings and purposes of those organizations and enjoys the high regard of his brethren. Dayton numbers him among its foremost citizens and he is progressive in every movement that looks to the advancement of the city and the upbuilding of its interests. There is no movement for the public good which seeks his aid in vain, but he never has been imbued with political ambition and prefers to do his public service as a private citizen. He has been an interested witness of the growth and development of this section of the state since pioneer times and has been a contributing factor to the work that has been accomplished in the way of promoting public improvement. Each forward step in his career has brought him a wider outlook and broader opportunities and his entire record has been marked by an orderly progression that has brought substantial results.

HON. MILES CONWAY MOORE.

Honored and respected by all, there is no man who occupies a more enviable position in public regard in Walla Walla than does Hon. Miles Conway Moore, the last territorial governor of Washington and now a prominent figure in banking circles. His high position in the regard of his fellowmen is due not to the success which he has achieved but to the straightforward, honorable purpose which he has ever followed. He has made wise use of his time, his talents and his opportunities and in laboring to promote his individual interests has also advanced the welfare and progress of city and state at large. He is now the president of the Baker-Boyer National Bank.

Mr. Moore was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, April 17, 1845. His father, Amos L. Moore, was a native of Delaware, while his mother belonged to the Monroe family of which President James Monroe was a representative--one of the oldest and most prominent families of Virginia. At the age of twelve years Miles C. Moore accompanied his parents on their removal from Ohio to Wisconsin and he was educated in the Methodist Episcopal Institute at Point Bluff, Wisconsin. In 1863 he came to Walla Walla, then a youth of but eighteen years, and was first employed as a clerk in the store of Kyger & Reese. The following year he embarked in business on his own account in Blackfoot City, a mining town in Montana, but in the fall of 1866 he returned to Walla Walla and entered into partnership in the conduct of a store under the firm style of H. E. Johnson & Company. In 1869 he opened a general store as a member of the firm of Paine Brothers & Moore. This establishment was later converted into an agricultural implement business, which was the first of the kind in eastern Washington.

In 1877 Mr. Moore became associated with his father-in-law, Dr. D. S. Baker, in the grain business, buying extensively for those early days. They loaded three ships at Astoria with the first wheat brought from the interior of the state and continued in the wheat business until 1879. The partnership, however, was maintained until the death of Dr. Baker in 1888, at which time Mr. Moore was made one of the administrators of the estate. Together they built six miles of railroad up Mill creek in order to bring down timber and wood from the mountains. After Dr. Baker retired from the grain business Mr. Moore formed a partnership with his brother Charles and continued along that line until the death of his brother in 1888. They bought grain in the Palouse district and along Snake river. Our subject afterward devoted several years to public affairs and in 1889 was chosen territorial governor of Washington, which office he most ably filled. He was interested in the Baker & Boyer Bank, which was the first private bank established in this state, being organized in 1869 and made a national bank in 1889. Mr. Moore became a stockholder and the vice president, remaining in that position until the death of Mr. Boyer in 1898, when he succeeded to the presidency and still remains at the head of the institution, discharging his duties with marked capability. He possesses notable executive force and his administrative direction has been characterized by a recognition of all the different phases of the business and its opportunities. He was likewise a stockholder in the First National Bank of Walla Walla and is extensively interested in real estate in various parts of Washington, Oregon and Idaho. His investments have been most judiciously made and have brought to him a very gratifying financial return.

In Walla Walla, in March, 1873, Mr. Moore was married to Miss Mary E. Baker, a daughter of Dr. D. S. Baker, who was born in Portland, Oregon. They are the parents of three children: Frank A., a resident of Walla Walla; Walter B., deceased; and Robert L., also of Walla Walla. Mrs. Moore died in 1904 at Oakland, California, where she had gone with the hope of benefiting her health. In 1884 Mr. Moore purchased property and erected the residence which has since been his home and where his children grew up.

Governor Moore early came to a recognition of the duties and obligations as well as of the privileges of citizenship and has been a leading factor in promoting political progress and in advancing the interests of his community and the commonwealth along many lines. In 1877 he was elected mayor of Walla Walla and in 1889 was appointed governor, serving in that important position at the time when the territory was merging into statehood. The duties which devolved upon him in this connection were of a most delicate and important character, but were discharged with credit and honor to himself and to the satisfaction of the people at large. No plan or movement for the benefit of the city along lines of progress and improvement seeks his aid in vain. The public work that he has done has largely been of a nature that has brought no pecuniary reward and yet has made extensive demand upon his time, his thought and his energy. Opportunities that others have passed by heedlessly he has noted and improved to the betterment of the city and the state in many ways. He is extremely modest and unostentatious in manner and all who know him speak of him in terms of praise. In his life are the elements of greatness because of the use he has made of his talents and his opportunities, because his thoughts are not self-centered but are given to the mastery of life's problems and the fulfillment of his duty as a man in his relations to his fellowman and as citizen in his relations to his city, state and country.

J. C. LEWIS

J. C. Lewis, who has resided in the Pacific northwest for more than seventy years, is one of the most honored residents of Dayton. His birth occurred in Kentucky, February 1, 1842, but when he was two years old he was taken by his parents to Missouri, where the family home was maintained for a year. In 1845 they removed to the Willamette valley, the long trip across the plains being comparatively uneventful as there was no trouble with the Indians and no serious shortage of food or water. He grew to manhood in the Willamette valley and received his education in its pioneer schools. He remained in Oregon until the fall of 1869, when he came to Old Walla Walla county, Washington. The following winter was spent on the site of the town of Dixie, which was not platted until a number of years later, but in the fall of 1870 he took up a homestead in Columbia county eleven miles northeast of Dayton. He devoted his time and attention to the cultivation of his fields and the raising of stock and derived a gratifying annual income from the sale of his farm products. In 1898, feeling that he had accumulated a competence, he retired to Dayton, where he is still living.

In 1864, in Oregon, Mr. Lewis was united in marriage to Miss Maria Lapham, who in the spring of 1853, when seven years of age, accompanied her parents and an elder sister on their removal from Michigan to the Willamette valley. Not only was the trip across the plains long and tedious, as the journey was made by ox team, but many misfortunes overtook the train, which, captained by a Mr. Eliott, attempted to reach the Willamette valley by a cut off route known as the "lost trail." As the result of the many hardships of the journey Mrs. Lapham died in eastern Oregon and the only coffin available was the wagon box. Not long after this the party lost its way and all came very nearly perishing of thirst. They were also attacked by Indians and their cattle driven away and Mr. Lapham and his small daughters found themselves alone and afoot in the Deschutes country. Leaving the two little girls in camp with a little flour, the father set out in search of the cattle, hoping to find at least a few. During his absence a rescuing party found the girls and took them to the Willamette, Maria riding behind the captain of the party down the Mackenzie river. Mr. Laphan settled in Willamette valley and passed away in Dayton, Washington in 1901 at the age of ninety years. The older daughter died soon after reaching the family's destination but the younger, as before stated, became the wife of Mr. Lewis and is still living in Dayton. By her marriage she became the mother of six children, but only two daughters are now living: Mrs. Wilson McBride and Mrs. John A. McCauley, both of Columbia county.

Mr. Lewis is a strong advocate of republican principles and supports the candidates of that party by his ballot. He served as county commissioner from 1888 to 1892 and in 1906 was appointed to the board to fill out eighteen months of an unexpired term. Practically the entire story of the development of the northwest is a matter of personal knowledge to him, for when he accompanied his parents to Oregon the city of Portland had not been thought of and there were no settlements in the valley with the exception of Oregon City and a trading post at Salem. He has taken great pleasure in watching the marvelous changes that have since occurred and is confident that a still greater future is in store for this section. At all times his attitude has been that of a public-spirited citizen willing to subordinate private interests to the general good and performing faithfully all the duties devolving upon him. Both he and his wife have hosts of friends in Dayton and throughout Columbia county, and the leisure which they are enjoying is well merited.

LAWRENCE O. McINROE.

Lawrence O. McInroe is the owner of one of the well improved farms of Walla Walla county, his place being situated on section 34, township 8 north, range 36 east, where he has four hundred and forty-two acres of rich and valuable land. He is one of the native sons of the county, his birth having occurred within its borders December 29, 1874. His parents were James and Cordelia (Nelson) McInroe, the former a native of the state of New York, while the latter was born in Iowa, where their marriage was celebrated. The father crossed the plains in the year 1852, assisting Mr. Sharpstein in bringing a herd of horses across the country. He remained for some time but afterward returned to Iowa and it was subsequent to that event that he was married. The spell of the west, however, was upon him and soon after his marriage he brought his bride to Walla Walla county. Here he took up a homestead and later he purchased more land, becoming actively and prominently identified with agricultural interests. Adding to his possessions from time to time, he was at his death the owner of eight hundred and eighty acres of valuable wheat land and was numbered among the prosperous farmers of this section of the state. Both he and his wife died in this county. In their family were but two sons, the younger being Frank, who now resides southeast of Walla Walla.

Lawrence O. McInroe was reared and educated in the county where he still resides, supplementing his public school course by study in a business college. After attaining his majority he began farming on his own account on the land which he now owns. He had been reared to the occupation of farming and had early become familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. He has always kept in close touch with the trend of modern progress along agricultural lines and his valuable farm property of four hundred and forty-two acres indicates his careful supervision and his progressive methods. He has added splendid buildings to his place and all modern equipments and improvements. He makes a specialty of raising wheat, to which the soil is splendidly adapted, and he is also successfully engaged in stock raising, keeping high grade cattle, horses and hogs upon his farm.

In 1902 Mr. McInroe was united in marriage to Miss Zenna Buroker, a native of Walla Walla county and a daughter of William and May (Gallaher) Buroker. Mr. McInroe belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and his wife is connected with the Rebekahs. He is also a member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party but he has never sought nor desired office. He and his wife attend the Presbyterian church and they are widely and favorably known in the community where they reside. Since starting out in the business world he has made steady progress. His industry and perseverance are among his salient characteristics and upon these qualities he has builded his success. He is not only progressive in all that he undertakes but is thoroughly reliable and his business integrity stands as an unquestioned fact in his career.

SAMUEL WALTERS.

Samuel Walters, a well known merchant and assistant postmaster of Starbuck, Washington, was born in Australia on the 24th of May, 1869, his parents being John T. and Elizabeth (Neil) Walters. His father was a native of Pennsylvania but in 1853 went to Australia, where he was married, the mother being of Scotch descent but born in Australia. They continued to reside in that country until 1871 when they came to the United States and took up their abode in Iowa, where they made their home for nine years. In 1880 they arrived in Walla Walla county, Washington, but after living here for about three years removed to Whitman county and later to Stevens county, where their last days were passed. To them were born eight children and six of the number still survive.

Samuel Walters was only two years of age when his father returned to America, bringing with him his family, and the son was principally educated in the common and high schools of Whitman county, Washington. After putting aside his textbooks he entered the service of a railroad company and continued in that line of work for six years. In 1910 he came to Starbuck and has since engaged in mercantile pursuits, carrying on business under the name of the Starbuck Trading Company, of which he is secretary and treasurer. He is a progressive, energetic business man of sound judgment and keen discrimination.

Mr. Walters was married in 1908 to Miss Alberta Gerking, of Waitsburg, Washington, and to them has been born a daughter, Elizabeth. Mrs. Walters is a member of the Episcopal church, and Mr. Walters is identified with the Woodmen of the World and the Masonic fraternity, holding membership in Lodge No. 106, A. F. & A. M., in which he has filled all the chairs. The democratic party finds in him a stanch supporter of its principles and he is now serving as chairman of his precinct. For the past five years he has served as city treasurer of Starbuck and is also filling the position of assistant postmaster. No trust reposed in him has ever been betrayed in the slightest degree and he well merits the confidence of his fellow citizens.

JOHN BLESSINGER.

For more than forty-two years John Blessinger was a resident of Columbia county and was one of its most esteemed citizens, manifesting throughout his entire life those sterling traits of character which in every land and clime awaken confidence and regard. He was born in Pennsylvania on the 8th of March, 1838, and when he was but a young child accompanied his parents on their removal to Hancock county, Indiana. It was there that he was reared to early manhood and in the common schools of that locality he acquired his education. About 1859, however, he left the middle west and made his way to the Pacific coast, settling in the Willamette valley near Salem, Oregon. During the following ten years or more he devoted his attention to mining and then came northward to Washington, arriving in Dayton on the 1st of November, 1872. This section was then a largely undeveloped and unimproved district. He purchased land and turned his attention to farming, his home ranch being located about five miles east of Dayton. It comprised six hundred and forty acres of rich and productive land and he developed it into one of the most valuable wheat farms of Columbia county. The soil is splendidly adapted to the production of that crop and Mr. Blessinger's methods were at once practical and progressive. In addition to that property he owned other land and was classed among the county's most successful and enterprising farmers. His labors brought splendid results and his methods constituted the last word in progressive agriculture. About 1900 he removed to Dayton, turning over the operation of his farm to his sons, and he then became one of the organizers of the Broughton National Bank, of which he was made a member of the board of directors.

On the 21st of April, 1872, Mr. Blessinger was united in marriage to Miss Harriet Byrd, of Marion county, Oregon, a daughter of Luther Byrd, who crossed the plains with ox teams from Arkansas to Oregon in 1854 or 1855. He took up his abode in Marion county, that state, and there engaged in farming to the time of his death. Mr. and Mrs. Blessinger became the parents of seven children, five of whom survive, as follows: John B., who follows farming in Columbia county, Washington; Albert E., who is an agriculturist of Columbia county and resides in Dayton; Myrtle, at home; Leo, who is engaged in farming in Columbia county; and Fred, who operates the home place.

Mrs. Blessinger resides in a comfortable home in Dayton, her husband having left her in easy financial circumstances. She is a devoted member of the Congregational church and her aid and influence are always given on the side of reform and progress. She is a member of the Halpine Society and is also a member of the Red Cross Society. She is a lady of culture and refinement and is constantly extending a helping hand where aid is needed, taking a most active part in charitable work. Mr. Blessinger was numbered among the esteemed citizens of Dayton, being a man of sterling character, and when death called him the deepest regret was felt throughout the community in which he lived.

HENRY F. WATROUS.

Prominent among the self-made men of Columbia county is Henry F. Watrous, whose life has been principally devoted to agricultural pursuits, and success has attended his well directed efforts. He was born in Green county, Wisconsin, January 26, 1848, his parents being Levi W. and Elmira (Fish) Watrous, natives of Canada and Ohio, respectively. On leaving the Dominion the father removed to Wisconsin, where he was married and where he continued to make his home until 1850. The following five years were spent in Iowa but at the end of that time he went to Minnesota, where he lived for the same length of time. He then returned to Iowa and in 1875 came to Washington, settling in Old Walla Walla county. He took up a soldier's claim of one hundred and sixty acres a mile and a half from Dayton and built thereon a box house, making his home upon that place until the required improvements were made; he then sold the farm and brought his family here. There were eleven children and nine of the number are still living.

During his boyhood Henry F. Watrous accompanied his parents on their various removals but was principally reared and educated in Iowa, attending the common schools there. At an early age he began earning his own livelihood by working as a farm hand at seventeen dollars per month and was thus employed for two years, during which time he saved enough money to come west. It was in 1871 that he crossed the continent to Salt Lake City, which was then the terminus of the railroad, and from there continued his journey on horseback in company with an uncle and his family who rode in a wagon. On reaching Dayton, Washington, he found employment on a farm at four hundred dollars per year and at the end of that time was able to send for his father. After the latter's arrival they contracted to purchase a sawmill near the mouth of Jim creek, agreeing to pay for the plant with lumber, which was the principal medium of exchange in those days. Whenever enough clear lumber had been cut to warrant a trip to Walla Walla, Henry Watrous would start with a load drawn by oxen and would sell the same for thirty-five to forty dollars per thousand. After operating the mill for four years it was traded for the farm still owned by our subject but he has added to the original tract until he now owns nine hundred and fifty acres of land, all improved and devoted to wheat. Until 1914 he operated his land but has since rented the place and is now living retired in Dayton, where he owns a fine residence. He is a stockholder in a grain warehouse there and is today one of the prosperous citizens of the community.

In 1903 Mr. Watrous married Miss Sadie Williams, a native of Missouri, and although they have no children of their own they have an adopted daughter, Bonnie. Mr. Watrous is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 10, of Dayton, and is a republican in politics. He has efficiently served as a member of the school board but has never had the time nor inclination for office, his business affairs claiming his undivided attention. Although he has met with hardships and difficulties in his career he has overcome these by persistent effort and is today one of the substantial citizens of his community, his success being the just reward of his industry and good management, for he is a man of excellent business ability and sound judgment.

E. F. DUNLAP.

E. F. Dunlap holds the responsible position of manager of the Dayton plant of the Portland Flouring Mills Company and throughout his entire career has been connected with this corporation, entering its service in the humble capacity of office boy. From that point he has steadily worked his way upward and his orderly progression has brought him to the position which he now occupies and for which he is well qualified, for as the years have gone on he has gained comprehensive and extensive knowledge of the business in all of its phases. He is numbered among the native sons of Oregon, his birth having occurred in Wallowa county, on the 5th of October, 1887, his parents being Robert C. and Mary E. (Pool) Dunlap, both of whom are natives of the Willamette valley of Oregon, their respective parents having been among the earliest settlers of that section of the country. Following their marriage they established their home in Wallowa county, where the father engaged in the live stock business, there remaining until 1898, when he removed to Walla Walla county, Washington. He took up his abode upon a ranch near Prescott and is here engaged in operating a hay and dairy farm, being numbered among the representative agriculturists of this section of the state.

E. F. Dunlap, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, acquired his education in the graded schools and in 1902, when a youth of fifteen, started upon his business career, securing a position as office boy in the plant of the Portland Flouring Mills Company at Prescott, Washington. His fidelity, ability and trustworthiness led to promotion and he was afterward made assistant bookkeeper. In 1908 he was transferred to the Dayton mills as bookkeeper and in 1913 he was returned to Prescott as local manager of the plant. On the 1st of May, 1917, he was again sent to Dayton as manager of the mills, in which capacity he is now serving and as the controlling factor in the operation of the plant here he is doing splendid work for the company. The latest processes of flour manufacture are utilized here and the plant is splendidly equipped, while the standard of excellence is ever fully maintained.

In 1913 Mr. Dunlap was united in marriage to Miss Susan Weatherford, a daughter of F. M. Weatherford, of whom extended mention is made elsewhere in this work. In his political views Mr. Dunlap maintains an independent attitude with republican tendencies. He belongs to Alki Lodge, No. 136, I. O. O. F., and also to Whetstone Lodge, No. 157, K. P., of Prescott. He is one of Dayton's representative and progressive men. Almost his entire life has been passed in Washington and the spirit of western enterprise finds exemplification in his career and has gained for him a substantial measure of success.

W. H. STONECIPHER.

W. H. Stonecipher, who follows farming on section 10, township 8 north, range 37 east, in Walla Walla county, is a representative business man whose wise use of time and opportunities has gained for him a place among the prosperous agriculturists of this part of the state. He had no assistance at the outset of his career and whatever he has achieved and enjoyed is the direct result of his own labors. He came to the Pacific coast country from the middle west, his birth having occurred in Washington county, Illinois, December 29, 1869, his parents being James A. and Margaret (Breeze) Stonecipher. The father was a native of Indiana but removed to Jefferson county, Illinois, with his parents when but two years of age and it was in the latter county that the mother was born and reared. They were there married and the father subsequently purchased a farm just over the county line in Washington county, where he lived until his seventieth year, when he returned to Jefferson county, taking up his abode in the town of Cravat, where he lived retired in the enjoyment of well earned rest up to the time of his demise.

W. H. Stonecipher acquired a limited education in the district schools near his father's farm and through the period of his boyhood and youth aided in the work of the fields, early becoming familiar with all of the arduous tasks incident to the development and cultivation of the crops. After reaching his twenty-first year, or in the spring of 1891, he came to the west with Washington as his destination. He arrived in Waitsburg on the 13th of March and during the following summer worked for wages as a farm hand. In 1892 he went into the Palouse country and there prospected for a desirable location. Not finding anything to suit him, however, he returned to Walla Walla county and through the succeeding five years was again employed by others. In 1896 he made his first purchase of land, becoming the owner of a forty-acre tract. Not long afterward he acquired eighty acres additional and two years later he bought one hundred and twenty acres making his farm one of two hundred and forty acres. For some years he not only cultivated this land but also worked for wages for others in order to help pay for his own place. He made use of every spare hour and as a consequence he has prospered. In 1909 he purchased the Electric Farm of five hundred and fifty acres. Prior to this, or in 1907, he had purchased the Boley Robbins farm of four hundred and eighty acres, which he traded in on the Electric Farm in 1909. In 1913 he traded the latter property for seven hundred and thirteen acres adjoining his home place, which thus was extended, becoming a tract of nine hundred and fifty-three acres. It is located in the heart of the Spring valley district, the richest wheat growing belt of Walla Walla county. Mr. Stonecipher not only successfully cultivates this land but for the past fourteen years he has also rented and farmed the T. P. Ingall's place of seven hundred and four acres. This property he purchased in December, 1917, and he therefore now owns one thousand six hundred and fifty-seven acres, his interests being most extensive, so that he is ranked with the leading agriculturists of Walla Walla county. He has closely studied soil and climatic conditions, so that he is thoroughly acquainted with what can be done in the way of crop production here. His methods are most progressive, his business affairs are systematically handled and in all things he displays sound judgment as well as unfaltering enterprise.

In 1895 Mr. Stonecipher was united in marriage to Miss Alta Winifred Gerking, a daughter of D. B. Gerking, who was one of the pioneer settlers of Walla Walla county and now resides in Rose Lake, Idaho. Mr. and Mrs. Stonecipher have become the parents of six children, three sons and three daughters, as follows: Lola M., the wife of O. Glen Conover, who is in the service of his father-in-law; Grace H., who attended the Washington State College for two years and is now pursuing her studies in the State Normal School at Ellensburg; James D., who is in his senior year in the Waitsburg high school; M. Blanche, a public school pupil; Harvey V.; and Chester B. On December 23, 1917, a baby daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs. Glen Conover, the first granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. Stonecipher.

Mr. Stonecipher gives his political endorsement to the republican party. He has served as a member of the school board for twenty years and his wife is now a member of that board. Fraternally he is connected with Waitsburg Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F., and with the Woodmen of the World and is true and loyal to the teachings of these organizations, which recognize man's obligations to his fellowmen. At different points in his career difficulties and obstacles have barred his path and he has had many hardships to overcome, but persistent energy has enabled him to work his way upward and his life proves the eternal principle that industry wins. His course may well be followed by others who desire to attain honorable success, and although he started out in life empty-handed, he is now the possessor of a very handsome competence and has worthily won the proud American title of a "self-made man."

WILLIAM P. FISHER.

William P. Fisher is an enterprising farmer of Walla Walla county, residing on section 27, Small township, where he owns and cultivates a valuable tract of land embracing eighty acres. His birth occurred in Ohio an the 6th of October, 1860, his parents being Joseph and Lydia E. (Dyke) Fisher, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Ohio. They were married in the Buckeye state and a number of years later removed to Kansas, where the father passed away and where the mother still makes her home. They became the parents of five children, all of whom are living.

William P. Fisher was a lad of twelve years when the family home was established in Kansas and it was in that state that he acquired his education. In 1900, seeking the broader opportunities of the west, he made his way to the Yakima country and there remained for twelve years. The year 1915 witnessed his arrival in Walla Walla county, Washington, where he has since resided. He purchased eighty acres of land on