Section 30, Township 7 North, Range 32 East, in Walla Walla County. He

then lived in this immediate vicinity until the time of his death and during the later years of his life made his home with his son, George E., whose name introduces this review. He passed away April 20, 1908.

George E. Lambdin spent his youthful days upon the home farm and acquired a district school education. As early as his seventeenth year he began his career as a sheepman, starting with twenty-five head. While working for H. C. Adams as a sheep herder he accumulated a small number of sheep and his herd multiplied rapidly, so that about 1900 he was in a position to operate for himself on a larger scale and began independent activities. In the intervening years he has acquired from three to four thousand acres of grazing land and while he has recently sold off his own flock, he is associated with C. W. Stevelan in operating sheep interests under lease. In this connection he is among the most prominent sheepmen of the county. His business affairs are wisely and carefully directed. His long experience in connection with the sheep industry has taught him exactly how to care for his flock so that the best results will be achieved. There is no feature of sheep raising with which he is not familiar and his intelligently directed interests have brought very substantial results.

In 1903 Mr. Lambdin was married to Miss Catherine A. Bradley, of Walla Walla county, and they have become the parents of three children: Samuel Allen, Mary Isabelle and Margaret Elizabeth. In politics Mr. Lambdin maintains an independent course, although he is inclined to give his support to the republican party. He belongs to Attalia Lodge, No. 294, I. O. O. F., of Attalia, Washington, and he also has membership with the Modern Woodmen of America and with the Royal Neighbors. He is true and loyal to the teachings of these organizations and exemplifies in his life the beneficent spirit which underlies the different societies. As a business man his position is one of prominence and his capability is widely recognized. He deserves much credit for what he has accomplished, for from an early age he has been dependent upon his own resources. As the years have gone by his labors have brought substantial results and he is today accounted one of the foremost sheepmen of the northwest.

HON. ELGIN V. KUYKENDALL.

Hon. Elgin V. Kuykendall is a member of the state senate of Washington and is one of Pomeroy's foremost attorneys. His record reflects credit and honor upon the district which has honored him. He has done splendid work both as lawyer and lawmaker and has become prominently connected with a profession which has ever been regarded as having much to do with the stability, prosperity and upbuilding of every district, standing as the stern conservator of the rights, privileges and liberties of the individual. His entire life has been spent in the west with its boundless opportunities and limitless resources, and with him opportunity has ever been the clarion call to action. He was born in Oakland, Oregon, October 8, 1870, a son of Dr. G. B. Kuykendall, a foremost citizen and leading pioneer physician of Pomeroy, who is mentioned at length on another page of this work.

Elgin V. Kuykendall was educated in the public schools of Garfield county and has learned many valuable lessons in the school of experience, for he has ever been a close and attentive observer of men and of measures. Determining upon a professional career, he took up the study of law in 1892, pursuing his reading under the preceptorship of Samuel G. Cosgrove of Pomeroy, who was afterward governor of Washington. In 1894 Mr. Kuykendall was admitted to the bar but did not immediately take up the active practice of the profession but continued to give his attention to educational work, in which for some time he had been engaged. He had proven a capable teacher, imparting readily and clearly to others the knowledge that he had acquired, and in 1894 he was elected county superintendent of schools, in which office he served for one term. During the last year of his incumbency in that position he was appointed to fill out an unexpired term of six months as principal of the Pomeroy high school. In 1897, however, he concentrated his efforts and attention upon the practice of law and in 1898 was elected prosecuting attorney of Garfield county, in which position he served for one term. In 1900 he was elected mayor of Pomeroy and occupied that position for one term, giving to the city a businesslike and progressive administration characterized by needed reforms and measures of public improvement. At the same time he continued in the practice of law independently until February, 1898, when he entered into partnership with Judge Mack F. Gose under the firm name of Gose & Kuykendall, a relationship that existed until the appointment of the senior partner to the supreme bench in 1900. Mr. Kuykendall then practiced alone for two years and in 1911 the present law firm of Kuykendall & McCabe was formed, C. Alexander McCabe being admitted to a partnership that still maintains, the firm occupying now a very prominent position in the legal circles of the state. Their practice is extensive and of an important character and in the conduct thereof Mr. Kuykendall has displayed talent, learning, tact, patience and industry. His legal learning, his analytical mind, the readiness with which he grasps the points in an argument all combine to make him a strong advocate and a wise counselor. In connection with his brothers he has fourteen hundred acres of land held in equity.

In 1896 Mr. Kuykendall was joined in wedlock to Miss Marguerite Scully, a daughter of Matthew Scully, who was one of the pioneer farmers of Asotin county, Washington, and now resides near Twin Falls, Idaho. Mr. and Mrs. Kuykendall have become the parents of four children, as follows: Matthew Lorraine, a student in the Washington State College; Ruth Lenore, who attended the State Normal School at Cheney, Washington, and is now engaged in teaching in Garfield county; Berdina Claire, a high school student at Pomeroy; and Jerome Kenneth, who is attending the graded schools.

Both Mr. and Mrs. Kuykendall are members of the Methodist church and she is president of the Ladies' Aid Society of that church and also president of the Civic Improvement Club of Pomeroy. She is likewise a member of the Red Cross Society.

In his political connection Mr. Kuykendall has always been a stalwart republican and in November, 1916, he was chosen to represent his district in the state senate, where he was made a member of a sub-committee for framing a new probate code. He has been a conspicuous figure in the legislative halls and has served repeatedly as chairman of the state central committee of the republican party, thus taking active part in guiding the destinies of his party in the northwest. While serving as mayor of Pomeroy he was instrumental in establishing the present city park, which the city purchased from Governor Cosgrove. Fraternally he is connected with Garfield Lodge, No. 25, K. P., and has been quite active in the affairs of that organization. He has been a member of the grand judiciary committee of the state for sixteen years, a longer period than that of any other incumbent in the position. He is also identified with the Woodmen of the World. His interests are broad and varied and in relation to the great sociological, economic and political problems of the country he keeps abreast with the best thinking men of the age. He is forceful and his ability and initiative have made him a dynamic power in the public life of southeastern Washington.

J. U. STRAHM.

At a period when the government owned most of the land in Washington and the work of progress and development seemed scarcely begun, J. U. Strahm and his wife came to Walla Walla county and cast in their lot with its pioneer settlers. They here underwent many of the hardships and privations incident to establishing a home on the frontier, but with resolute spirit they met all these and in the course of years came to enjoy the comforts of modern day civilization. Mr. Strahm was born in Switzerland, July 30, 1827, and was but six years of age when brought to America by his parents, the family home being established in Ohio. They afterward removed to Iowa and in 1849 J. U. Strahm removed to California, attracted by the discovery of gold on the Pacific coast. There he remained for three years, after which he returned to Missouri, where in 1864 he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Jane Farley, a daughter of Harvey and Elizabeth (Bruett) Farley, the former a native of Ohio, while the latter was born in Indiana. The father was killed while serving as a soldier in the Civil war and the mother afterward passed away in Tennessee.

Following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Strahm resolved to try their fortune in the far west and made their way across the country to Walla Walla county, where he took up a homestead near Dixie. There was little to indicate the wonderful changes which were still to occur as the white settlers penetrated into this region and reclaimed its rich resources for the purposes of civilization. The greater part of the land was still unclaimed and uncultivated and the most farsighted could scarcely have dreamed of what the future held in store for this rich district. Mr. Strahm became actively identified with its farming interests and bent his energies to the development of his place, bringing his fields under a high state of cultivation and therefore annually gathering rich harvests.

To Mr. and Mrs. Strahm were born fourteen children, eleven of whom are now living: Ann J., the widow of John Byrd; William H., who is deceased; Elizabeth, the wife of John Glynn; Rosa D., the wife of Tom Hastings; Mary E., the wife of Eldon Buroker; Nora J., the wife of Joel Chitwood; John E.; Nannie V., who is the wife of Alfred Brown; Lucretia R., the wife of Alvin McElvain; Viola, the wife of Fred Wells; Edna, at home; Alma B., the wife of Jene Green; and two who are deceased.

The death of Mr. Strahm occurred February 11, 1895, at which time his remains were interred in the Dixie cemetery. He had been a devoted husband and father and had put forth every possible effort to aid in promoting the welfare and happiness of his family. His widow still occupies the old homestead, having eighty acres in her farm near Dixie, and the careful development and improvement of the property insures to her a substantial annual income.

CHARLES C. LONEY.

Prominent among the real estate men of Walla Walla is Charles C. Loney of the firm of Loney, Ginn & Kerrick. He was born in Toronto, Canada, on the 7th of June, 1876, a son of Charles and Charlotte (Cole) Loney, both of whom were natives of Belfast, Ireland. They came to Canada in childhood with their respective parents and were there reared to manhood and womanhood. In 1883 they came to the United States, arriving in Walla Walla on the 19th of August of that year. Here the father engaged in farming and became one of the leading agriculturists of Walla Walla county, having extensive interests. He acquired some two thousand acres of valuable land near the city and for a long period gave personal supervision to the further development and improvement of his farm. For several years prior to his death, however, he lived retired from active work, turning his farms over to his sons. He then took up his abode in the city and throughout his remaining days enjoyed a well earned rest. He died in 1907, having for a considerable period survived his wife, who passed away in 1902. Both were consistent members of the Baptist church and were earnest Christian people whose well spent lives are worthy of emulation.

Charles C. Loney was educated in the Walla Walla high school, from which he was graduated with the class of 1896. Following the completion of his studies he cooperated with his father in the management and operation of his extensive farming interests until the father's retirement in 1901, at which time Charles C. Loney took charge of the farm, continuing its further cultivation and improvement until 1911. In the meantime he had purchased the property of his father and in the year designated he sold the home place and became a resident of Walla Walla, where he opened a real estate and loan office. He has since been prominently identified with that business and places many loans, while at the same time he negotiates many important realty transfers. Since 1911 he has purchased one hundred acres of land in Umatilla county, Oregon, and eight hundred acres in Columbia county, Washington. This property he still owns and rents. He also has three hundred and thirty acres on Dry creek, near Walla Walla, on which he is engaged in breeding and raising thoroughbred Percheron horses. He thus ranks with the leading agriculturists and stock raisers of this section of the state, while at the same time he has won for himself a most creditable position as a real estate dealer.

On the 12th of January, 1917, Mr. Loney was united in marriage to Miss Hazel Velma Wright, of Walla Walla, a daughter of Robert Wright, who is a native of Umatilla county, Oregon, and for many years has been a prominent farmer of Walla Walla county.

Mr. Loney holds membership in Enterprise Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F., and also in Walla Walla Encampment, No. 3. He votes with the republican party and is interested in all matters of progressive citizenship, cooperating in every plan and measure which he deems of value and benefit to the community. The greater part of his life has been spent in this section of the state and he has become imbued with the spirit of western enterprise that has led to the rapid and substantial upbuilding of this section of the state. This spirit has been the dominant factor in the attainment of his own success, a success that now places him with the men of affluence in his adopted county.

HON. OLIVER T. CORNWELL.

Hon. Oliver T. Cornwell is a dominant factor in the agricultural, commercial and financial circles of Walla Walla and the Inland Empire and has also exerted a marked influence over public thought and action as a member of the state senate, in which he is now representing the eleventh senatorial district. It was Mr. Cornwell who in large measure introduced the commission form of government here and in all his public work he has been actuated by a spirit of progress, improvement and of marked devotion to the general good. He is indeed prominent as a man whose constantly expanding powers have taken him from humble surroundings to the field of large enterprises and continually broadening opportunities. Bringing to bear a clear understanding that readily solves complex problems, he has been able to unite diverse interests into a harmonious whole with results that indicate his keen sagacity and unfaltering enterprise.

Mr. Cornwell is a native son of Walla Walla county, his birth having occurred upon a farm six miles north of the city of Walla Walla on the 22nd of March, 1863. His father, James Madison Cornwell, became one of the Walla Walla pioneers of 1861 and is mentioned elsewhere in this work. The son was reared on the old homestead with the usual experiences of the farm bred boy and acquired his early education in the district schools, after which he became a student in Whitman College. When nineteen years of age he assumed the operation of the home place and continued to cultivate its fields for three years as a renter. After reaching his majority he went up into the Palouse country, in Whitman county, and there engaged in the raising of cattle and horses. He remained in Whitman county for eight years, after which he returned to Walla Walla and in company with H. S. Stott founded the drug house of Stott & Cornwell, with which he was identified for three years. He then resumed active connection with farming and stock raising interests and also began buying and shipping cattle, with which business he has since been closely associated, being one of the most prominent representatives of agricultural interests in this section of the state. He now owns fourteen hundred acres of wheat land in Walla Walla county and he also has heavy holdings in Alberta, Canada. Mr. Cornwell is a man of forcefulness and resourcefulness and has by no means limited his activities and energies to a single line. In fact, as extensive as are his agricultural activities, he has also made for himself a notable place in commercial and financial circles. About 1903 he was one of the dominant factors in the organization of the Walla Walla County Lumber Company, of which he became president, and in that capacity he has since continued, his intelligent direction of the affairs of the company being one of the most potent elements in his growing and continued success. He was also one of the organizers of the Peoples State Bank of Walla Walla and was made a member of its board of directors, which position he has since filled. He has also been identified with interests of a public and semi-public character that have had much to do with promoting general progress. He served for a number of years as president of the Farmers Union and while acting in that capacity the Walla Walla Farmers' Agency was organized, of which Mr. Cornwell was elected president, and reelection has continued him in that position to the present time.

On the 19th of August, 1888, occurred the marriage of Mr. Cornwell and Miss Ella Crowell, of Walla Walla, a daughter of Henry A. and Mary A. (Thurman) Crowell, who came to Walla Walla from Iowa in 1874. The mother was a niece of Allen G. Thurman, the great democratic leader, who was long known as "the Old Roman." To Mr. and Mrs. Cornwell have been born three children, Lessie L., Ethel L. and Olive E.

Mr. Cornwell holds membership with the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 7, F. & A. M.; to Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; to Walla Walla Commandery, No. 2, K. T.; to Oriental Consistory, No. 1, A. & A. S. R, of Spokane; and to El Katif Temple; A. A. O. N. M. S., also of Spokane. He likewise has membership with Washington Lodge, No. 19, I. O. O. F., and with the Walla Walla Encampment of that order.

His chief activity aside from business has been as a supporter of the republican party and a recognized leader in its ranks. The first position to which he was called was that of city councilman of Walla Walla in 1897. In 1900 he was chosen to represent his district in the Washington state senate, where he served for four years with honor and ability. In the November election of 1915 he was again chosen a member of the state senate and during his present term has been called upon for much important committee service. He is now a member of the committees on municipal corporations, on education, on industrial insurance, on irrigation and arid lands, public utilities, roads and bridges, rules and joint rules, banks and banking. He has done much to shape the policy of his party and for eight years was chairman of the republican county central committee and has been a member of the state central committee. It was Mr. Cornwell who organized and successfully carried through the campaign establishing the commission form of government in Walla Walla. His career has at all times reflected credit and honor upon the people that have honored him. The universality of his friendships interprets for us his intellectual hospitality and the breadth of his sympathy, for nothing is foreign to him that concerns his fellows. Anyone meeting Mr. Cornwell face to face would know at once that he is an individual embodying all the elements of what in this country we term a "square" man--one in whom to have confidence, a dependable man in any relation and any emergency. His quietude of deportment, his easy dignity, his frankness and cordiality of address, with the total absence of anything sinister or anything to conceal, foretoken a man who is ready to meet any obligation of life with the confidence and courage that come of conscious personal ability, the right conception of things and an habitual regard for what is best in the exercise of human activities.

SAMUEL LOVE GILBREATH.

Samuel Love Gilbreath, an honored pioneer of Columbia county, Washington, became a resident of Old Walla Walla county when there were few white settlers within its limits, and took up a homestead three miles from the city of Dayton, although it was a number of years later that the town was laid out. He was a successful farmer, loyal friend and a public-spirited citizen, and his demise was the occasion of sincere regret. He was born in McMinn county, Tennessee, March 25, 1825, and was of Scotch descent. He was a representative of one of the old families of the south, being a grandson of Archibald Rowan, the third governor of Tennessee. His education was that afforded by the common schools and he remained in his native state until he became of age. He then determined to try his fortune in the far west and, crossing the plains, settled in Yamhill county, Oregon. For a number of years he farmed there and then went into the cattle business, which occupied his attention until 1855, when the Cayuse Indian war broke out. He enlisted for six months' service in the First Oregon Mounted Cavalry Regiment, which did good work in putting down the uprising both in Oregon and Washington. He was later for six months assistant wagon master and one of his duties was the gruesome task of hauling the bodies of the dead back to The Dalles, from which point they were shipped to relatives in the Willamette valley.

Following his marriage in 1859 Mr. Gilbreath drove a herd of cattle to Old Walla Walla county, Washington. At that time the city of Walla Walla comprised but a very few buildings and the settlers in the county were few and far between. He took up a homestead three miles southwest of the present city of Dayton and built a log cabin with puncheon floors, which remained the family home for a number of years. There were many hardships to be endured in those early days but the lot of the pioneer was lightened by the spirit of hospitality and cooperation which prevailed. Travelers were welcomed at every log cabin and the service of each settler was at the disposal of the others. Mr. Gilbreath worked hard and gave careful attention to his business affairs and as time passed his resources increased. The first crude buildings upon his farm were at length replaced by substantial and commodious structures and the place was brought to a high state of development. At the time of his death he owned two hundred acres of fine orchard and alfalfa land, of which his widow has since sold one hundred and twenty acres, still owning eighty acres, which is valued at a high price per acre.

Mr. Gilbreath was married in 1859, in Oregon, to Miss Margaret H. Fanning, of Albany, and they became the parents of thirteen children, ten of whom survive, namely: Nancy E., a teacher; Mary, the wife of J. O. Mattoon; Lee, a resident of Columbia county; Joseph, a resident of Seattle; Susie, the wife of E. E. Martin; Rose, who is teaching in Seattle; Charles, a resident of Walla Walla; Grace, the wife of T. O. Morrison; James, an instructor in the University of Washington; and Fred, a graduate of West Point and a captain in the United States army, now with the American embassy in London.

Mr. Gilbreath was a prominent factor in public affairs in the early days and was chosen the first county commissioner of Old Walla Walla county and the first sheriff of Columbia county. He was a firm believer in the value of higher education and sent several of his children to college. In many ways his influence was felt in the advancement of his community, and personally he was held in the highest esteem because of his unswerving integrity and his great capacity for friendship. His wife had the distinction of being the first white woman to take up her residence in the four counties comprised within Old Walla Walla county, and she, too, proved her courage and perseverance in performing cheerfully and efficiently the many and arduous duties that fell to the lot of the pioneer wife and mother.

CHRIS H. ROMMEL.

Chris H. Rommel is residing on section 35, township 14 north, range 41 east, Garfield county, and is operating one thousand acres of land, being therefore entitled to rank among the extensive farmers of Garfield county. He grew to manhood in Manchester, Michigan, and is indebted for his education to its public schools. When nineteen years of age he started out in life for himself and in 1893 came to Garfield county, Washington. For some years he rented a farm, during which time he carefully saved his money with the purpose of buying land as soon as possible. At length he purchased his present home farm and has extended its boundaries until he now owns one thousand acres.

Mr. Rommel was married in 1893 to Miss Anna Smith, a native of California, and they have three children: Fred C., a high school graduate; Mary P., who is also a high school graduate and is now teaching; and Ena M.

THOMAS A. RUSSEL.

Thomas A. Russel, deceased, was for a number of years actively engaged in farming on section 3, township 6 north, range 35 east, Walla Walla county, and met with gratifying success. He was born in Ohio, September 26, 1831, and there grew to manhood and received his education. In 1849 he accompanied his father John Russel, to California, crossing the great unsettled plains of the west by team, a long, tedious and dangerous journey, and again in 1852 he came to the coast by the overland route, but each time he returned to Ohio, where he maintained his residence until 1864. In that year he went with his bride by horse team to the Sacramento valley of California, where he lived for three years, during which time he taught school. They then removed to Bowling Green, Missouri, and for twenty-one years he was a resident of that state. During that time he engaged in the practice of law, successfully appearing in most of the more important trials of his district. In 1888, however, he removed with his family to Walla Walla county, Washington and the remainder of his life was devoted to agricultural pursuits.

Mr. Russel was married in 1864 in Ohio to Miss Mary C. Willman, also a native of that state. To their union were born ten children: John B. and William, both of whom are deceased; Frank; Thomas and Anna, who have passed away; Phoebe L.; Lincoln and Grant, twins, and Leslie, the two latter being deceased; and Joseph, who resides in Canada.

Many interesting experiences came to Mr. Russel in his long life, and from the time he accompanied his father to the west in 1849 until his death he was much interested in this section of the country, even while still residing in the east or middle west. He found great pleasure in watching the process of development that has made the west a rival of the east in all that pertains to the highest civilization, and his influence was invariably cast on the side of progress. He passed away in January, 1901, and was laid to rest in the Mountain View cemetery.

HON. F. M. WEATHERFORD.

Hon. F. M. Weatherford is now living practically retired in Dayton but for many years was actively and extensively connected with farming interests and is still the owner of much valuable wheat land in this section of the state. Moreover, he has been prominently connected with public affairs and has been called upon to represent his district in the general assembly. He was born in Missouri, November 12, 1855, and is a son of Alfred H. and Sophia (Smith) Weatherford, both of whom were natives of Virginia and at an early day removed westward to Missouri, where their remaining days were passed. They had a family of nine children but only three are now living.

While born in the middle west, Hon. F. M. Weatherford has spent the greater part of his life in the Pacific coast country. He crossed the plains in 1864, when a lad of but nine years, and became a resident of Linn county, Oregon. The trip was made with ox teams and wagon and he was six months en route, experiencing many hardships and privations as the party traveled over the barren plains, the hot sandy desert and across the mountain ranges. He took up his abode with a brother in Oregon and there remained until 1872, when he made his way northward to Walla Walla county, Washington. The following year, when a youth of eighteen, he rented a farm nine miles southwest of Dayton in the section known as Bundy Hollow. Later he bought land east of Dayton and occupied that farm for twenty years, his labors bringing about a marked transformation in the appearance of the place, for when the land came into his possession it was wild and undeveloped. With characteristic energy he began to cultivate it, breaking the furrows, planting the seed and in due time gathering rich harvests. Year by year the work of operating the farm was carried on and as his financial resources increased he made other investments in property, adding to his holdings from time to time until he is now the owner of sixteen hundred acres of fine wheat land in Columbia county. He was also at one time vice president of the Farmers Exchange at Waitsburg, which he aided in organizing. He has now put aside the more active work of the fields, leaving that to others, while he is enjoying a well earned rest, having taken up his abode in Dayton. His farm property yields to him a most gratifying annual income and his energy and sound business judgment have brought him success.

In 1878 Mr. Weatherford was united in marriage to Miss Harriet A. Turner and they have become parents of five children: William M.; J. C., who is living upon the home farm; Mary S., who is the wife of Elmer Dunlap; Clara L., the wife of W. E. Bruce; and Arthur M., who is also upon the home farm.

In his political affiliation Mr. Weatherford is a democrat and has taken an active part in advancing the interests of the organization. His fellow townsmen, appreciative of his worth and his devotion to the party, elected him to represent them for one term in the state legislature. The cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion and he has done effective work in behalf of the schools as a member of the school board. Fraternally he is connected with Dayton Lodge, No. 136, I. O. O. F., and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, South, and in its work take an active and helpful interest, doing all in their power to extend its growth and promote its purpose. Mr. Weatherford deserves much credit for what he has accomplished. He started out in the business world empty-handed, yet he has passed many another traveler on life's journey whose start was perhaps more advantageous. His success is the direct result of indefatigable industry intelligently directed, and, advancing year by year, he has become one of the prominent and prosperous men of Columbia county.

HON. DAVID H. COX.

Hon. David H. Cox has back of him an ancestry honorable and distinguished. Upon the family records appear the names of several who have been active in connection with framing state or national legislation. His own career has been cast in harmony with the family record and he is now a member of the state senate of Washington. For many years he has figured conspicuously and honorably in agricultural and commercial circles and is still actively identified with farming, his attention now being given to the management of his farm property. A native of eastern Tennessee, he was born December 28, 1865, a son of Elbert S. and Mary Louise (Beyers) Cox, both of whom were natives of Tennessee, where they spent their entire lives. The mother was a niece of John Severe, who was the first governor of Tennessee and a brother of her mother. Elbert S. Cox was for many years one of the leading merchants of Jonesboro, Tennessee, and was also extensively engaged in farming, having near the town a large tract of land which he successfully and wisely cultivated. He was also prominent in public affairs of the community and served for one term as member of congress from his district. He took a most active and helpful part in public thought and action and all that he did was characterized by a spirit of progressiveness that made him one of the most valued residents of Jonesboro. He passed away July 3, 1881, the day on which President Garfield was shot, in the Pennsylvania Railroad station at Washington, D. C.

David H. Cox supplemented his public school education by study in Milliken College of eastern Tennessee and when nineteen years of age he started out in the business world on his own account, going to Texas, where he remained for a year. In 1885 he came to the northwest with Walla Walla as his destination. Here he arrived on the 6th of October of that year, possessed of courage and determination but of no funds. His financial condition rendered it imperative that he obtain immediate employment and he soon secured a position on a farm. He willingly accepted any employment that would yield him an honest living. He proved so capable in his farm work that his employer, recognizing his ability, offered to loan him the amount necessary to enable him to engage in business for himself. He took up the occupation of farming and for a considerable period rented land. Since that date he has never been without farm land of his own and for many years has been a most prominent figure in agricultural circles in this section of the state. In 1889, while still continuing in his farming operations, he became identified with the Pacific Coast Elevator Company and managed the business from 1889 until 1901. He then became associated with Walter S. Barnett and established the mercantile house of Cox, Barnett & Company, under which firm name they transacted an extensive grocery and hardware business, their sales amounting in later years to between twenty-five and thirty thousand dollars per month. They continued the business in a very successful manner until 1910, when Mr. Cox, in company with Hugh A. Martin, organized the Independent Grain Company, under which title they carried on business successfully for four years. Since then Mr. Cox has given his undivided attention to the management of his farming properties, which represent judicious investments and are the expression of well directed business ability.

In 1890 Mr. Cox was united in marriage to Miss Decima E. Yeend, of Walla Walla county, a daughter of William Yeend, one of the pioneer farmers of this section of the state, who came to Washington from England in 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Cox have become the parents of two children: Arthur E., who is farming his father's land; and Dessie, at home.

The family occupies a very enviable position in social circles and the hospitality of the best homes of Walla Walla is freely accorded them. Mr. Cox is a stalwart republican in his political views and has done much to further the interests and promote the success of the party. He served for several years as member of the Walla Walla city council and in 1908 was elected to the state senate, serving as a member of the upper house of the general assembly for four years. In 1912 he was a candidate for state treasurer, and while he carried thirty-four out of the thirty-eight counties, he was defeated by the Pierce county vote. In 1916 he was again elected to the state senate, in which capacity he is now serving. He is an earnest working member of the upper house, carefully considering the vital questions which come up for settlement, and his position in support or opposition of any measure is never an equivocal one. He stands loyally for what he believes to be the best interests of the commonwealth and in his political record he has ever been willing to subordinate personal interests to the general good. Mr. and Mrs. Cox are consistent and faithful members of the Methodist church and he has had the honor of representing his church at the general conference for three successive terms. He is chairman of the board of trustees of the church and does everything in his power to advance its cause and extend its influence. While he has won notable success he has never made the attainment of wealth the sole ambition of his life. He has recognized his duties and obligations in other connections and has stood at all times for that which is most worth while in citizenship and in the moral development of the people at large. His life record is characterized by many honorable phases and should well serve as a source of encouragement to others and constitute an example which others may profitably follow. Coming to the west empty-handed, he has here intelligently directed his efforts with a result that has been most notable and gratifying, but winning prosperity has been but one feature of his activities, for his course has been so directed that he has gained not only material success but an honored name as well.

DAMASE BERGEVIN.

Damase Bergevin, whose success from the time that he made his initial purchase of land in Walla Walla county was rapid and substantial, so that he became one of the prosperous farmers of this section of the state and at his death left his family in comfortable financial circumstances, was born near Quebec, Canada, on the 31st of March, 1840. He came of French ancestry. He was there reared with no educational advantages except those found in the school of experience. In 1865 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, after spending a year in St. Joseph, Missouri. On reaching the northwest he located in what was then known as French Town, about nine miles west of Walla Walla, on the Walla Walla river. Two brothers had preceded him here and Mr. Bergevin worked for a time for one of them. Between the years 1875 and 1878 he was in the employ of Dr. Baker and built the narrow gauge railroad from Wallula to Walla Walla, this being the first railroad in the state of Washington. Mr. Bergevin cut the ties for this road and drove them down the Yakima river.

It was not until 1880 that Mr. Bergevin made his first purchase of land. At that time he and his brother Clement bought an eighty acre farm and a year later the brothers divided their interest and from that time forward Mr. Bergevin operated independently. His success from that time forward was rapid and he proved not only a very enterprising and progressive farmer but a man of excellent ability in managing his financial interests. As his resources increased he kept adding to his holdings until he had acquired sixteen hundred and twenty-one acres of land in the home farm and also owned six hundred and forty acres five miles north of Walla Walla and a tract of one hundred and sixty acres at Rulo Station on the Northern Pacific Railroad. His investments were most judiciously made and his business affairs carefully managed. He seemed to readily recognize the essential in all business transactions and his sound judgment and indefatigable enterprise brought to him a very gratifying measure of success. In 1892 he was stricken with total blindness, but though thus incapacitated in a large measure for the management of his property interests he was surrounded by the loving care of his wife, while his four sons assumed business duties and responsibilities and as the years have passed on more has been added to the family holdings until the Bergevin interests in Walla Walla county are most extensive.

It was at St. Rose's Catholic Mission church at Frenchtown, July 3, 1881, that Mr. Bergevin was united in marriage to Miss Mary P. Allard, a native of St. Paul, Minnesota, who came to Walla Walla county with her parents, Oliver and Leo Cadie (Forest) Allard, in 1862. They crossed the plains with ox teams, meeting the usual experiences of such a trip, and at length located in the little hamlet of Walla Walla. The father was a carpenter by trade and assisted in large measure in the upbuilding of the town in the early days, erecting many of the first buildings in the city. Mrs. Bergevin is now residing in Walla Walla.

To Mr. and Mrs. Bergevin were born six children: Leona P., now the wife of Philip Remillard, a farmer of Walla Walla county; Joseph Damase, who resides on the homestead farm; Arthur A., also engaged in farming; Clement A., who, lives on the old Bergevin home farm; Clarence C., who was married September 26, 1917, to Miss Lois Reavis, and is farming in Walla Walla county; and Augustine A., the wife of Elmer Markham, a farmer of Walla Walla county. There are also twelve grandchildren. At one time Arthur and Clarence Bergevin were engaged in the cultivation of thirteen hundred and fifty acres of land, owning five hundred and twenty acres of that amount, but have since divided their interests. The former was married September 27, 1916, to Miss Margaret Gohres. He is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose and, like the others of the family, is an adherent of the Catholic church. He has one of the best improved farms in the county on which is a large, substantial and beautiful residence with extensive farm buildings, all new, modern and thoroughly equipped. In a word, the name Bergevin has come to stand for progress and improvement in Walla Walla county.

In his political views Mr. Bergevin of this review was a democrat and while he never took an active part in politics he was interested in the welfare and progress of his community and gave his support to all measures which he deemed of public benefit. He died on the 31st of July, 1911, honored and respected by all who knew him. His had been a most active and useful life and one which was crowned with a very substantial measure of prosperity. In fact his record should serve as a source of encouragement and inspiration to others, showing what may be accomplished through determined purpose, unfaltering industry and sound judgment.

CHARLES MOORE.

Charles Moore was an early settler of Walla Walla county and for a number of years was prominently identified with agricultural, commercial and transportation interests here, but in 1882 removed to Moscow, Idaho, where he spent much of the remainder of his life, but passed away in Walla Walla. His widow in 1907 resumed her residence in Walla Walla and is now well known in the city. The birth of Mr. Moore occurred in Ohio, October 1, 1841, his parents being Amos L. and Mary (Monroe) Moore, the latter's father being a cousin of President James Monroe. The father was born in Delaware and the mother in Pennsylvania, but they removed to Ohio at an early day and later to Wisconsin, whence in 1869 they came to Walla Walla county, Washington, where they resided until called to the home beyond. To them were born five children, of whom only one now survives, ex-Governor Miles C. Moore, of Walla Walla.

Charles Moore was reared in Wisconsin and his early education was that afforded by the district schools, while later he attended an academy or seminary, and subsequently became a college student. In 1861, when twenty years of age, he enlisted in the Union army and went to the front in defense of the stars and stripes. In 1862 he was wounded at the battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, and because of his injuries was honorably discharged. He then returned to the north and entered the Wesleyan College of Delaware, Ohio, thus resuming his interrupted education. Later he was drafted for service but because of the wound he had previously sustained was discharged and went to Wisconsin. He was married there in 1864 and in 1865 he and his wife crossed the plains to the Pacific northwest by mule team and after reaching Walla Walla county both engaged in teaching school. Several years were devoted to that profession, but in 1870 Mr. Moore was appointed postmaster of Walla Walla under President Grant and held the office for four years. In the meantime, in 1872, he purchased the old Dr. Whitman Mission Farm and engaged in its operation until 1878, when he established a farm implement business in connection with his brother, Miles C. Moore, at Almota, in Whitman county, to the conduct of which he devoted the greater part of his time and attention. He was also agent for the Oregon Steam Navigation Company of Portland, Oregon. Mrs. Moore was the active assistant and helper of her husband, doing clerical work in connection with the conduct of the postoffice, and the business identified with freight navigation. Soon he became interested in the building of a telegraph line from Colfax to Ulmota, on Snake river, and went up the river and assisted in rafting the poles down to be used in the construction of the line. Subsequently he with others owned the telegraph line from Dayton to Walla Walla, which was connected with government telegraph lines. In 1882 he removed to Moscow, Idaho, where with his brother, Miles C., later governor of Washington territory, he erected a grist mill. Mr. Moore of this review maintained his residence in Moscow for a number of years. He became a heavy landowner, his holdings including a large tract on the Snake river in Garfield county, Washington, five hundred acres of which is still in possession of his widow, and two hundred acres near Moscow, Idaho. He was a man of unusual soundness of judgment in business affairs and his advice was often sought by others.

On the 13th of October, 1864, Mr. Moore was united in marriage in Wisconsin to Miss Julia A. Kneen, a native of the state of New York and a daughter of John and Margaret (Teare) Kneen, both of whom were natives of the Isle of Man. In young manhood and womanhood they emigrated to America and settled in the state of New York, whence in 1846 they removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, while subsequently they became residents of Kilbourn City, Wisconsin. The mother's death occurred in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but the father survived until 1878. To them were born four children, of whom Mrs. Moore is the only one now living. By her marriage she became the mother of four children: Harry K., a resident of Walla Walla; Flora P., at home; F. Cushing, who is a mining engineer now in British Columbia; and Edna L., the wife of D. F. Baker, of Walla Walla.

Mr. Moore gave his political support to the republican party and carefully studied the questions and issues of the day, but was not a narrow partisan. Whatever he undertook he carried forward to successful completion and won not only financial independence but also a high place in the esteem of his fellowmen. In early manhood he was a member of the Masonic fraternity and exemplified in his life its beneficent purpose.

Since her husband's death Mrs. Moore has successfully managed the estate and general business interests connected therewith and in 1909 she erected her present modern and attractive home on Alvarado terrace in Walla Walla. In the meantime, however, following her husband's demise she removed to California with her children in order that they might have the benefit of educational instruction there and later she established her home in Evanston, Illinois, that they might continue their studies in the Northwestern University. In 1896 she returned to the old home in Moscow, Idaho, and in 1907 removed to Walla Walla, where she has since resided, two years later building her present home. She is a member of the Reading Club, one of the oldest clubs of Walla Walla, and is active in connection with those interests which work for intellectual progress and cultural value.

G. B. DAGUE.

G. B. Dague, one of the leading agriculturists of Walla Walla county, where his holdings embrace fourteen hundred and seventy acres of valuable land, resides on section 25, township 8 north, range 35 east. His birth occurred in Kansas on the 31st of December, 1871, his parents being Henry H. and Mary Elizabeth (Poorman) Dague, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Ohio. Soon after their marriage, which was celebrated in the Buckeye state, they removed to Jefferson county, Kansas, there residing until the spring of 1872, when they took up their abode in western Kansas. There the mother passed away in 1881, and the father's last years were spent with his children.

G. B. Dague was reared under the parental roof and attended the common schools in the acquirement of an education. In 1889, when a youth of eighteen years, he made his way westward to the state of Washington and for a number of years thereafter he worked for others. In 1898 he located permanently in Walla Walla county and began farming on his own account, renting a farm near Prescott. Five years later he bought his first land, coming into possession of two hundred and forty acres near Hadley Station, while two or three years afterward he purchased an adjoining tract of one hundred and sixty acres. In May, 1908, he purchased what was known as the old Sergeant Smith place of six hundred and fifty-three acres and in 1911 he became the owner of what was known as the Geaney place of four hundred and seventeen acres, which is his present home farm. His holdings in Walla Walla county embrace altogether about fourteen hundred and seventy acres, all located in township 8 north, range 35 east, much of this being of the very best and most valuable land in the county. Mr. Dague also has heavy land holdings in Morrow county, Oregon, and in Benton county, Washington. His record is indeed commendable and one that should serve to inspire and encourage others, showing what may be accomplished by industry, perseverance and determination. Twenty-two years ago he was driving a header wagon over the land which he now owns and was earning, but a dollar and a quarter per day. His present financial condition clearly indicates the progress he has made, for, actuated by laudable ambition, he has worked his way steadily upward to a position among the most substantial agriculturists of the county.

On Christmas day of 1901 Mr. Dague was united in marriage to Mrs. Bertha L. (Prather) Washburn, by whom he has two children, Georgia E. and George Byron.

He is independent in politics and for thirteen years has ably served as clerk of the school district. Fraternally he is identified with Washington Lodge, No. 19, I. O. O. F., of Walla Walla, and he also belongs to the M. W. of P. His life has been an active, useful and honorable one, winning for him the high regard and esteem of all with whom he has been brought in contact, so that the circle of his friends is almost coextensive with the circle of his acquaintance.

FRANK MILLER.

Frank Miller, starting out in the business world as a farm hand when a young lad in his teens, is now one of the prosperous citizens of Starbuck, where he has extensive realty holdings. He is also the owner of much valuable property and is otherwise connected with the business interests of southeastern Washington in a most active and extensive way. He was born in Germany, June 24, 1858, and is a son of John and Louisa Miller, who were also natives of that country, whence they came to America in 1867. They established their home upon a farm in Wisconsin, where they spent their remaining days, being long identified with the agricultural interests of that locality. They had a family of nine children, but Frank Miller and his sister Josephine are the only ones now living.

Reared and educated in Wisconsin, he is indebted to the public school system of that State for the opportunities which he had to prepare for life's practical and responsible duties through the work of the schoolroom. He went to Illinois when a lad of fourteen years and there secured employment as a farm hand, in which work he engaged until he reached the age of twenty-two. He then left the Mississippi valley and made his way to the northwest, arriving in Walla Walla county, after which he secured a situation in a brewery in Walla Walla, where he remained for four years. He then took up the work of gardening at Walla Walla, which he followed for a year, after which he rented a farm and for six years was engaged in its cultivation. He took up a homestead two miles and a half or three miles south of his present home. This he proved up on and lived there eight years, after which he sold the place. He then bought five hundred acres, mostly wheat land, much of which is irrigated, and he also has thirty-five acres planted to alfalfa and to fruit, having one of the fine orchards of his part of the state. He is likewise a stockholder in the bank at Starbuck and he has made extensive and judicious investments in real estate, owning very large property interests in the village. His business affairs have brought him very substantial success, for his investments have been judiciously made and his untiring industry has also brought splendid returns.

In 1882 Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss Nettie Sack, a native of Illinois, and they became the parents of nine children, namely: Louisa, the wife of Charles Krause; Simon; Eva, the wife of H. H. Foster; George, who married Hazel Schultz; Fred, now in Camp Lewis with the American army; and Jesse, Ida, Frank and Grace, all yet at home. The wife and mother died September 30, 1917, and was laid to rest in Starbuck cemetery. She was loved and respected by all who knew her.

In his political views Mr. Miller is a democrat and gives stanch support to the party and its principles, although he does not seek or desire public office. He is a self-made man, for he started out to provide for his own support with no capital whatever and all that he has achieved and enjoyed is attributable to his persistent purpose and well-directed energy. He has been both the architect and builder of his own fortunes and has builded wisely and well.

WILLIAM S. MALLOY.

William S. Malloy, a retired agriculturist residing in Walla Walla, where he has the finest home on Washington street, is still the owner of twenty-four hundred acres of wheat land which is now being cultivated by a renter. His birth occurred in New Brunswick, Canada, on the 17th of June, 1844, his parents being John and Catherine (Sutton) Malloy, the former a native of County Wexford, Ireland, and the latter of New Brunswick. John Malloy was a young man of eighteen years when he left the Emerald isle and took up his abode in New Brunswick, where he was married. In 1853 he and his wife crossed the border into the United States, establishing their home in Stillwater, Minnesota, where Mr. Malloy and two sons, Robert and James, were prominently identified with the lumber industry for many years. It was there that his demise occurred in 1871, and the mother passed away in 1884. In their family were the following children: George, John, Robert, James and William S., of this review.

William S. Malloy, who was a lad of nine years when he accompanied his parents on their removal to Minnesota, acquired his education in the common schools of Stillwater, that state. In 1864, when a young man of twenty years, he left the parental roof and made his way westward to Montana, and for about six years he was employed in the mining fields of Virginia City and in Deerlodge county. The year 1870 witnessed his arrival in Walla Walla county, Washington, and here he embarked in the cattle business, in which he became extensively interested, his large herds roaming the plains on the Columbia, Palouse and Snake rivers. At the end of six years, cattle having gone so low in price that the business was not promising, he disposed of his cattle and for a period of twenty months gave his attention to mining in southern Utah. He then returned to Washington, locating in Columbia county, where he became engaged in farming and in the stock business, his undertakings in that connection being attended with prosperity that enabled him to add to his holdings from time to time until they now embrace twenty-four hundred acres of valuable wheat land. In the cultivation and development of this extensive tract he was actively engaged until 1917, when he put aside further business cares and is now living retired in the enjoyment of well earned rest. In the fall of 1894 he had established the family home in the city of Walla Walla and there it has been maintained to the present time. Realizing that the public domain will soon be gone Mr. Malloy went to Toole county, Montana, in 1917 and purchased in the northwest part of that state, east of the Rocky Mountains, twenty-seven hundred acres of land in one body, which he is now breaking and seeding and making other improvements with the intention of converting it into a farm.

In 1874 Mr. Malloy was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary P. Lyons, a daughter of Dan Lyons, of Lyons Ferry. The seven children of this marriage were as follows: William Lee, Robert Ralph and Ernest Lyons, all of whom are deceased; Elizabeth, who is the wife of Oscar Drumheller, of Walla Walla; Minnie F., at home; Thomas D., an agriculturist residing in Columbia county; and Angeline M., at home. The wife and mother passed away in May, 1916, and her demise was the occasion of deep and widespread regret.

Mr. Malloy is a democrat in his political views but has never sought nor desired office as a reward for his party fealty and in fact has always refused official preferment. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons and with the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He has now passed the seventy-third milestone on life's journey and his career has ever been such that he can look back over the past without regret and forward to the future without fear. His memory compasses the period of pioneer development and later progress here, and he has ever borne his share in the work of upbuilding and improvement.

O. Z. SKINNER.

With the development of a district, town or city, real estate activity has much to do and one of the most important factors in substantial growth and progress is the real estate dealer who wisely directs purchases and sales and thus adds much to the beauty and development of the city in which he operates. A notable record of success is that of O. Z. Skinner, senior partner of the firm of O. Z. Skinner & Company, real estate and insurance agents in Walla Walla. He was born in Havana, Mason county, Illinois, December 12, 1853, a son of Orlando and Martha (Roeder) Skinner, who were natives of the state of New York and of Illinois respectively. They were married in the latter state, to which the father had removed in early manhood. He was a well known minister of the Universalist church and devoted his life to that cause. In 1910 he came to Walla Walla, where he lived retired, making his home with his son, O. Z. Skinner, up to the time of his demise, which occurred on the 8th of June, 1914. For a considerable period he had survived his wife, who died in February, 1897.

O. Z. Skinner was educated in the district schools of his native state and in the Jefferson Liberal Institute at Jefferson, Wisconsin. After completing his education he was for some years engaged in merchandising in Durand, Wisconsin, and still later turned his attention to the drug business, which he conducted in Fairmont, Minnesota, for a number of years. He was afterward for thirteen years identified with the lumber industry in northern Wisconsin, acquiring extensive farming lands there also, which during these years he operated in connection with the conduct of his lumber interests. The year 1898 witnessed the arrival of Mr. Skinner in the northwest. In that year he became a resident of Walla Walla and entered the manufacturing field, concentrating his efforts upon the manufacture of mattresses and furniture. He continued active along that line for five years and then turned his attention to the real estate and insurance business, with which he has since been prominently identified. He owns extensive timber land in Union county, Oregon, and in the summer of 1917 began cutting timber therefrom. He realizes what this state has to offer and has improved its natural resources, thereby advancing his individual interests while promoting general progress and prosperity.

On the 18th of September, 1881, Mr. Skinner was married to Miss Ella M. Young, of Dunn county, Wisconsin, who was a teacher in the public schools of that county for a number of years. To this marriage have been born three children, Arthur, Leslie C. and Ethel V.

Mr. Skinner gives his political endorsement to the republican party and is well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He stands for progress along political lines and does everything in his power to advance the success of the party, yet does not seek or desire office. He belongs to Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M., and is a faithful follower of its teachings. Those who know him in a business way speak of him as a dominant factor in the upbuilding of Walla Walla and as one who has made for himself a notable place especially in real estate circles.

ALFRED L. WICKERSHAM.

Alfred L. Wickersham, a leading farmer and stock raiser of Walla Walla township, Walla Walla county, holds title to two valuable ranches and is meeting with signal success in the management of his affairs. He was born in Walla Walla county, February 7, 1871, a son of John and Christina (Albertson) Wickersham, natives of Ohio, who removed to this county in 1862. For a number of years the father devoted his time and attention to freighting, as there were then no railroads in this entire section, hauling freight from Wallula to the mines at Umatilla Landing, Boise and many other points, also the fort at Boise, to Fort Lapwai and Fort Colville. At length he purchased eighty acres of land, including the site of the present race track at Walla Walla and followed farming during the remainder of his active life. He passed away September 19, 1906. The mother, however, is still living and makes her home with a son. Ten children were born to their union but only five survive.

Alfred L. Wickersham grew to manhood in his native county and his education was that afforded by the public schools. By the time that he reached man's estate he was a good practical farmer, having received training in the cultivation of the soil and the care of stock from his father. He purchased the farm on Mill creek in Walla Walla township, where he still makes his home and which comprises three hundred and fifty-five acres. He also owns three hundred and twenty acres of fine pasture land and in addition to growing wheat and other crops suited to this section he raises stock on an extensive scale and has found that business likewise profitable.

Mr. Wickersham is a stanch democrat, his political belief coinciding in large measure with the principles of that party. Although he has never failed to do his part in furthering the progress of his community, he has not taken a prominent part in politics, having no desire to hold office. He is a man of unassuming disposition and of genuine worth and his energy, his sound judgment and his unquestioned integrity have gained for him the respect of his fellowmen.

JONATHAN PETTIJOHN.

Jonathan Pettijohn, who was an honored pioneer settler and valued citizen of Walla Walla county, was born in Ohio, January 13, 1827, but when still a boy emigrated with his parents to Edgar county, Illinois, where he remained until he was twenty-three years of age. He assisted his widowed mother in rearing the family of children, of whom he was the eldest. In the year 1850 the lure of gold attracted him to the west. He and three companions started for California on horseback, and as some of their horses died en route they walked much of the way. On reaching the Golden state, Mr. Pettijohn at once went to work in the mines, where he met with fair success, there remaining for two years. He then removed to Oregon, settling in Harrisburg, Linn county, where he was married to Miss Hannah Warner in the year 1853. They took up their abode on a claim and Mr. Pettijohn followed farming. In 1859 he came with his family to Walla Walla county, Washington, and settled on a claim in the beautiful Touchet valley. He spent the winter of 1859 and 1860 here and early in the spring went to the Willamette, after which he removed his family to this valley. Their home was situated a few miles below the present town site of Prescott. He erected a log cabin which still stands as a monument to the early days. He brought with him to this county a band of fine horses and some cattle and, like most of the early settlers, engaged in stock raising. Starting with one hundred and sixty acres of land, during the course of years he kept gradually acquiring more land until finally he owned about thirty-four hundred acres of valuable farming and pasture land, on which he had large herds of fine horses and cattle. Later in life, when the stock business began to wane on account of the disappearance of the free range, he plowed up his holdings and became a wheat farmer in earnest.

Mr. and Mrs. Pettijohn reared a large family of seven sons and two daughters, namely: Thomas, Amas, Eli and John H., all of whom were born in Oregon; and Huldah, A. L., Sherman, Calvin and Mary, who were natives of Washington. All are now living but two, Eli and Mrs. Huldah Richmond. Of those surviving all are married except the youngest son, and are fairly prosperous, enjoying the possessions bequeathed them by their frugal parents. All are still residents of Walla Walla county.

Mr. Pettijohn assisted three territories over the threshold into statehood by voting for the state constitutions of California, Oregon and Washington, and he was a delegate to the constitutional convention of Washington. In the way of public education he was indeed a benefactor. Public money for school purposes was often inadequate to meet the teacher's salary. He felt that the school must be maintained at any cost so he often paid most of the amount of the salary out of his own pocket. He believed in the employment of thoroughly efficient and competent teachers and some of the best teachers that the country afforded taught in that little country school near his home and received a salary equal to any. Another work in which Mr. Pettijohn deserves creditable mention was in connection with a scheme that was put forth to bond Walla Walla county for three hundred thousand dollars to subsidize a railroad company. Mr. Pettijohn with a number of others enjoined the county from making the appropriation, although many were in favor of the issue. There was a very wordy war between the two factions and every inducement was brought to bear upon Mr. Pettijohn, the leader, to change his course, but with characteristic determination he stood for what he conceived to be right and and won out. In after years many thanked him for the stand he had taken, as time has justified the wisdom and value of his position.

Mr. Pettijohn was of a very sturdy type of manhood and a splendid representative of the class of hardy pioneers, who helped to make this county what it is--a land of fine schools and beautiful homes. Along in the early '60s mines were discovered in Idaho, Montana and Oregon and supplies were necessary for the miners in the various camps. So the settlers fitted out pack trains or freight wagons and packed or hauled freight to all points where needed, the pay being sufficient to make it very profitable. Mr. Pettijohn chose the ox team and freight wagon for his and for a number of years spent much time on the road freighting. His wife remained at home caring for her family amid the dangers and hardships incident to pioneer life. She was a woman of rare courage, going calmly about her duties with hordes of half-savage Indians camped at her very door. On occasions they would creep up and peer in at the window as she sat at her work. She pretended not to notice them, knowing that if she showed fear or concern they would become insolent. Not one of these noble women but met with experiences that would make the bravest heart quail, yet they never complained, for it seemed a part of life's duties to endure without a murmur.

Mr. Pettijohn passed away in June, 1913, at a ripe old age, joining that large number who have left very thin the ranks of the real pioneers remaining. His memory, however, is enshrined in the hearts of many who knew him and long years will pass before his work in the community will be forgotten.

ELLERY J. NELSON.

Ellery J. Nelson is engaged in general farming on section 30, township 8 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, and it was upon this farm that he was born on the 22d of August, 1871, a son of Hiram and Sarah (McInroe) Nelson. He was educated in the Valley Grove district school and also in the Walla Walla Business College, thus becoming well equipped for life's practical and responsible duties. His youth was also largely devoted to farm work and he early became familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. After reaching young manhood he continued to assist his father in his extensive farming operations and was thus engaged until 1900, when he began farming on his own account. He is now operating a portion of his father's landed holdings and is ranked among the successful and progressive agriculturists of the county. He pursues the most thoroughly up-to-date methods in caring for his fields, and in the cultivation of his crops is meeting with excellent success, annually gathering substantial harvests.

On the 1st of July, 1915, Mr. Nelson was united in marriage to Miss Julia Kane, of St. Louis, Missouri, and to them were born two sons, Ellery J., Jr., deceased, and Joseph Vincent. In his political views Mr. Nelson has always been a republican since attaining his majority, and while he does not seek nor desire office he is always loyal to the best interests of the community and gives active aid and cooperation to many measures for the benefit of town and county. He concentrates his efforts and attention upon his farming interests, which are wisely and carefully directed, and as the years pass by he is meeting with a gratifying measure of success.

WILLIAM E. GROSS.

William E. Gross, a resident farmer of Walla Walla township who is engaged in dairying and stock raising, was born in Davis county, Iowa, on the 15th of February, 1858, his parents being B. H. and Julia A. (Rice) Gross, the former a native of Illinois, while the latter was born in Ohio. They resided for some time in Iowa and then determined to cross the plains, making the journey with ox teams. This was in the year 1862. They first settled in Nevada, where they resided for eight years, and then removed to northern California, where they remained for a decade. On the expiration of that period, or in the fall of 1880, they came to Walla Walla county, Washington, where they took up their abode upon a farm which continued to be their home until a few years before they were called to their final rest. They moved to Walla Walla, where they passed the last years of their lives. They had a family of nine children, of whom six are now living.

William E. Gross was largely reared and educated in Nevada and in California, his opportunities being those offered by the common schools. He studied through the winter months and in the summer seasons aided in the farm work. When his textbooks were put aside he concentrated his entire attention upon farming and became identified with the agricultural interests of Walla Walla county, where he owned nine hundred and sixty acres of valuable land. He afterward disposed of the more extensive tract and bought the farm upon which he now resides, comprising one hundred and sixty-seven acres. This he has since improved with fine buildings. He now makes a specialty of dairying and has an excellent herd of Holstein cattle. His dairy is well equipped in every particular and he has the most sanitary arrangements for the care of the milk and the handling of his products. He also engaged in raising Duroc Jersey hogs and his live stock interests as well as his dairying constitute important features of his business.

On the 11th of December, 1881, Mr. Gross was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Cusker, who was born in Walla Walla county and is a daughter of James and Clementine (Hayworth) Cusker, the former a native of Washington, D. C., while the latter was born in Indiana. The father made his way westward to Oregon when a youth of but thirteen years and later he became a resident of Walla Walla county. Over forty years ago he settled upon the farm now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Gross and both he and his wife died upon this place. To Mr. and Mrs. Gross have been born six children: Elsie R., at home; Mabel A., the wife of E. Fluke, who has now departed this life; James B., at home; Orien W.; Myron W.; and Myrtle Irene.

Mr. Gross holds membership with the Ancient Order of United Workmen and is a member of the Christian church, guiding his life by its teachings and conforming his actions to its principles. He has been progressive in all that he has undertaken and in his business affairs has shown sound judgment and keen discrimination. He has never been afraid of hard work nor of close application and is numbered among those who, taking advantage of the great natural resources of the northwest, have won success, gaining a place among the most substantial citizens of this part of the state.

HON. CHESTER F. MILLER.

Hon. Chester F. Miller is judge of the superior court of the district which embraces Columbia, Garfield and Asotin counties of Washington. He resides in Dayton and is one of the honored and distinguished residents of the southeastern part of the state. He has lived in the same voting precinct for fifty-seven years and has thus been closely associated with the development and progress of his section of the state from pioneer times to the present. Nature endowed him with keen intellect and he has constantly developed his powers until he is recognized as the peer of the ablest jurists who have sat upon the bench of the superior court in the northwest. He was born in Linn county, Oregon, January 6, 1860, a son of George W. and Sarah E. (Ping) Miller, both of whom were natives of Indiana. The father was born in Crawfordsville, that state, on the 6th of April, 1830, and was a son of John Miller, a native of Tennessee, who in turn was a son of John Miller, a Revolutionary war soldier. George W. Miller crossed the plains with his parents to Oregon in 1851, the journey being made with ox teams and wagon. The family home was established on a donation claim in Linn county and George W. Miller also took up a claim near Albany, where the parents settled. He served in the Indian wars of 1855 and in 1860 he came to Washington, taking up a homestead where the city of Dayton now stands. Later he sold that property and removed to Garfield county. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah E. Ping, crossed the plains with her parents in 1852, the Ping family settling in Linn county, Oregon.

Judge Chester Franklin Miller was an infant of but six months when his parents arrived at what is now Dayton. He acquired his early education in the district school, being a pupil in the little old schoolhouse on the hill, and he attributes much of his later success in life to the thoroughness of his instruction at that period, his teacher being the Hon. Oliver C. White, who was then a country school teacher. Subsequently Judge Miller attended a private school in Dayton for two years and there prepared for college under the preceptorship of the Hon. J. E. Edmiston, who was at that time one of the instructors in the Dayton College. Mr. Edmiston and Judge Miller were afterward law partners, their association being maintained for nine years. In 1878 Judge Miller entered the Willamette University at Salem, Oregon, where he continued his studies for a year and still later became a student in the Oregon State University, from which he was graduated with honors in the class of 1882. Three years later his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. Following his graduation he returned to Dayton and while acting as deputy clerk of the district court he read law under the direction of Colonel Wyatt A. George, the nestor of the Columbia county bar, who was known as "Old Equity" by his fellow practitioners.

In 1886 Judge Miller was admitted to the bar by Judge Langford on the recommendation of T. J. Anders, D. J. Crowley and R. F. Sturdevant, his examining committee, and soon afterward entered the office of M. A. Baker and commenced the practice of law. In 1889 he formed a law partnership with the Hon. J. E. Edmiston, which continued until the close of the year 1890, when Mr. Edmiston was elected prosecuting attorney. Judge Miller and his brother-in-law, Charles R. Dorr, then became partners and in 1892, upon the death of Mr. Dorr, Judge Miller again entered into partnership relations with Mr. Edmiston, with whom he continued to practice until the latter's death in 1900. No dreary novitiate awaited Judge Miller. Almost from the onset he was accorded a liberal practice which constantly grew in volume and importance as the years went on. He won for himself very favorable criticism for the careful and systematic methods which he followed. He has remarkable powers of concentration and application and his retentive mind has often excited the surprise of his professional colleagues. As an orator he ranks high, especially in the discussion of legal matters before the court, where his comprehensive knowledge of the law is manifest and his application of legal principles demonstrates the wide range of his professional acquirements. It was but natural that the ability which he displayed in his profession should win for him the recognition that demanded his service in public office. In 1893 he was elected mayor of Dayton and he served at different periods as city attorney and clerk of the city of Dayton. In 1900 he was elected to the office of superior judge and was reelected to that position in 1904 by a greatly increased majority. Reelection has since continued him upon the bench of the superior court, where he has displayed a masterful grasp of every problem presented for solution. Moreover, his decisions indicate strong mentality, careful analysis, a thorough knowledge of the law and an unbiased judgment.

On the 24th of May, 1888, Judge Miller was united in marriage to Miss Nettie Dorr, a daughter of Dr. J. C. and Ellen R. Dorr, who were among the earliest settlers of California, and in 1879 came to Columbia county, Washington. The father was a member of the California Legislature of 1864 and later became recognized as one of the prominent and distinguished citizens of this state. Judge and Mrs. Miller are the parents of six daughters, namely: Haidee, Sarah, Hilda, Conchita, Luneta and Alice.

There is an interesting military chapter in the life record of Judge Miller, who was captain of Company F of the First Washington Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish-American war, being mustered into the United States service with his company on the 11th of May, 1898. He sailed with his regiment for the Philippines in October of that year and there acquitted himself with credit until incapacitated by illness, when he was sent home and on the 12th of May, 1899, was honorably discharged from the service. Judge Miller is a past commander of Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P.; a past master of Dayton Lodge, No. 53, F. & A. M.; a past high priest of Dayton Chapter, No. 5, R. A. M.; a past grand of Patit Lodge, No. 10, I. O. O. F.; a past chief patriarch of Franklin Encampment, No. 13, I. O. O. F.; and past grand master of the grand lodge of Odd Fellows of the state of Washington. He also has membership with the Woodmen, the Workmen, the Eastern Star, the Rebekahs and the Rathbone Sisters. Such in brief is the record of Judge Miller, one of the oldest of the pioneer settlers of Columbia county who can claim to be a native son, one of the most progressive citizens and one of the most eminent jurists of southeastern Washington. His name is written high on the roll of honor in Columbia county and his seventeen years' service on the bench indicates that he possesses the broad-mindedness which not only comprehends the details of a situation quickly but also which insures a complete self-control under even the most exasperating conditions. He has made a splendid record in the discharge of his multitudinous, often delicate, duties and is spoken of by his colleagues and contemporaries as a man of well rounded character, finely balanced mind and of splendid intellectual attainments.

CLARK WALTER.

In this day of international warfare one is apt to think back over the history of the country to see what is the American record in times of strife. History presents many tales of heroism, showing that the American character is one that measures up to full standards of loyalty, of duty and of courage. Among those who fought for the preservation of the Union during the dark days of the Civil war was Clark Walter, who is now a retired farmer residing in Walla Walla.

Mr. Walter was born near South Bend, Indiana, on the 7th of April, 1841, a son of Lucius and Adaline (Fellows) Walter, the former a native of the state of New York, while the latter was probably born in Connecticut. They were married in the Empire state and became parents of two children there before they removed to Michigan about 1839 or 1840. The mother's people had preceded them to that state but after a brief period passed in Michigan, Mr. and Mrs. Walter went to Indiana, establishing their home near Notre Dame. At a later period, however, they returned to Michigan, where the death of the mother occurred in 1853. The father afterward married Miss Anna Dopp and continued to reside in Michigan until called to the home beyond.

Clark Walter was reared in that state and pursued a common school education there. He was twenty years of age when in April, 1861, he responded to the country's call for troops, enlisting for three months as a member of the Second Michigan Infantry. It was soon seen, however, that the war was to be no mere holiday affair and he offered his services for three years, joining the army on the 30th of July, 1861, in response to the call for three years' men. He was mustered in as a member of Company A, Sixth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, and at Baltimore, Maryland, was assigned to General Dixie's command. The army remained in Baltimore until February, 1862, when they were sent to Fort Monroe and afterward to Ship Island in the Gulf of Mexico for the attack on New Orleans. After General Farragut's capture of New Orleans they went on transports up the river to Vicksburg and later returned to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. On the 14th of October, 1862, Mr. Walter was honorably discharged from the service on account of disability. He had participated in a number of important engagements and at all times had proven his marked loyalty to the cause which he espoused.

After receiving an honorable discharge Mr. Walter returned to Michigan and in 1864 he crossed the plains to California, making the trip for the benefit of his health, which was still impaired because of the rigors of his military service. In the fall of 1865 he returned eastward as far as Minnesota, taking up his abode in Dakota county. He afterward removed to Sibley county, that state. He had married in Michigan in 1864, prior to crossing the plains, and with his family he continued his residence in Minnesota until 1877, when he once more crossed the plains, this time accompanied by his wife and three children. Arriving in Oregon, he settled near Athena in Umatilla county, where he purchased a quarter section of railroad land and began farming. He had used his homestead right in Minnesota, but the grasshopper scourge which continued for four years in that state caused him to lose all that he had, so that he came to Oregon with but very little money. He acquired two hundred and forty acres in his home place, on which he resided until 1898, when he removed to Walla Walla in order to give his children the advantages offered by the city schools. He has here since made his home and is one of the valued and respected residents.

On the 7th of March, 1864, Mr. Walter was united in marriage to Miss Hannah B. Kinsey, and they became the parents of eight children, six of whom still survive, namely: Mabel L., who is the wife of Dr. J. A. Moffitt, of Sacramento, California; Charles A., who follows farming in Walla Walla county; Edith, who is a Sister of St. Francis in the convent at Pendleton and is a painter and musician of ability, teaching both arts at the convent; John C., who operates a farm of his own and also his father's place in Umatilla county, Oregon; Francis H., who is a resident of Pierce county, Washington; and Gertrude, who is the wife of Elmer T. Matheny, of Walla Walla.

Mrs. Walter is descended from Revolutionary stock, her maternal great-grandfather having served for seven years in the war for independence. His sister, Deborah Sampson, also served as a common soldier in that war, being disguised as a man and known by the name of Robert Shurtliff. She carried a gun and participated in numerous battles, being twice wounded, once through the arm and later through the breast. She recovered and subsequently married. She was received by General Washington, who conferred honors upon her, and she was one of the few women given a life pension by our government. Mrs. Walter's grandfather Sampson was a soldier of the War of 1812.

In his political views Mr. Walter is a stalwart democrat, and while never an aspirant for public office, he has repeatedly been honored in local affairs. He was elected to the board of county commissioners of Sibley county, Minnesota. He served as justice of the peace, as town clerk and as assessor in Sibley county and after his removal to the west was appointed to fill a vacancy on the board of county commissioners of Umatilla county, Oregon, and was twice thereafter regularly elected thereto, serving for six years. He was a member of the board and one of the leading factors in the building of the new one hundred thousand dollar courthouse of Umatilla county. He served continuously as a member of the school board almost from the time of his arrival in Umatilla county until his removal to Walla Walla. Fraternally Mr. Walter is connected with Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M., with A. Lincoln Post, No. 4, G. A. R., and is most loyal to the teachings and purposes of these organizations. Through his connection with the latter he maintains pleasant associations with his old army comrades and proudly wears the little bronze button that proclaims him as one of the "boys in blue." There is in his life record nothing spectacular but his career is one that places him with the substantial citizens of the northwest--men who have consistently done their duty year by year and in the legitimate advancement of their own fortunes have contributed to the upbuilding and prosperity of the district in which they live.

CHARLES COYLE.

Charles Coyle is a partner in the firm of Coyle Brothers, well known dairy farmers of Walla Walla county. His home is on section 27, township 7 north, range 35 east. He was born in Oregon, September 14, 1865, and is a son of James Coyle, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work in connection with the sketch of Byrd Coyle. He came to Walla Walla county when but a year old, the parents removing with their family to this state. He has since lived upon the farm which he now occupies and which is therefore endeared to him through the associations of boyhood as well as those of later years. He acquired a common school education and when not busy with his textbooks his attention was given to the work of the fields, for he was early trained to the tasks of plowing, planting and harvesting. He remained at home until he attained his majority, since which time he and his brothers have carried on farming together and have long made a specialty of dairying. In this business they are very successful and for that purpose they keep a large herd of fine cattle. Everything about their dairy is in excellent condition. Their arrangements are of the most sanitary and the products of their dairy find a ready sale on the market.

In 1911 Mr. Coyle was married to Miss Lela Truitt, a native of Missouri, who in 1909 became a resident of Walla Walla, where her parents are still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Coyle have been born three children, Inez M., C. Bruce and Maxine. The parents are members of the Christian church and in politics Mr. Coyle is a democrat. He has served as school director and as school clerk in his district and is interested in all that tends to promote educational progress. In fact he stands for advancement and improvement along all lines and is acknowledged a man of worth, highly esteemed wherever known and most of all where he is best known.

CLYDE H. BROWN.

Farming interests of Walla Walla county find a worthy representative in Clyde H. Brown, who is living on section 4, township 9 north, range 36 east. He was born in Waitsburg, this county, on the 18th of June, 1877, a son of Albert N. and Justina (Kent) Brown. The father was a native of Iowa and the mother of Illinois, but they were married in Kansas, where they had lived for some years, each removing to that state with their parents. In 1876 they came to the Pacific coast, making their way westward by train to San Francisco and thence by boat to Portland. The following fall and winter were spent in the Willamette valley and in the spring of 1877 they came by wagon and team to Walla Walla county, Washington, taking up their abode upon a homestead claim two miles north of Waitsburg. The father proved up on this property and there resided for five years. He afterward removed to a small place one mile west of Waitsburg, upon which he also spent five years. At the expiration of that period he sold the property and purchased the Bolles Junction ranch of four hundred and twenty acres half way between Waitsburg and Prescott. Upon that place he lived for thirteen years and then disposed of the property and purchased the farm upon which his son Clyde H. now resides, adjoining the city limits of Prescott. Here he owned nine hundred acres of land which he continued to cultivate and improve up to the time of his death in January, 1911. His widow is still living and makes her home with her son Clyde.

A western man by birth, training and preference, Clyde H. Brown displays in his life the spirit of enterprise and progress which have ever been a dominant factor in the upbuilding of this section of the country. He was educated in the Bolles Junction school and in the Waitsburg public schools and was early trained to the work of the farm, assisting in the tasks of plowing, planting and harvesting from early boyhood. On account of his father's ill health the management of the farm devolved upon him when he was yet a young man and he has since continued in control, carefully and wisely directing the development and further improvement of the place. He has brought the fields under a high state of cultivation and upon the farm there are substantial buildings which indicate the care and supervision of the owner. He seems to lose sight of nothing that should be accomplished in the work of further developing his place and his labors have brought substantial results.

On the 15th of September, 1899, Mr. Brown was united in marriage to Miss Ethel Miller, of Bolles Junction, and to them have been born two sons and a daughter, Myrle, Duane and Iris.

In his political views Mr. Brown is a stalwart republican. He belongs to Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; Washington Commandery, K. T., of Walla Walla; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane. He also has membership with Prescott Lodge, No. 46, I. O. O. F., and he and his wife are members of Waitsburg Chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star. Mrs. Brown is also connected with the Methodist Episcopal church. They are widely and favorably known in their part of Walla Walla county and have an extensive circle of warm friends who esteem them highly. Their social qualities, their loyalty in citizenship and their devotion to the best interests of the community insure for them an enviable position in the public regard.

ANDY TAYLOR.

Andy Taylor, one of the extensive wheat growers of Walla Walla county, within the borders of which he has resided for the past three decades, makes his home in the city of Walla Walla. For some years he engaged in the cultivation of seven hundred and ninety-seven acres of land nine miles north of Prescott and also operates a tract of two thousand acres under lease. His birth occurred in Greene county, Tennessee, on the 15th of July, 1857, his parents being William and Susan (Carey) Taylor, who were also natives of that state. In 1889, one year after the arrival of their son Andy, they made their way to the Pacific coast country and for a time resided in Oregon. Subsequently, however, they took up their abode in Walla Walla and here spent the remainder of their lives.

Andy Taylor spent the first nineteen years of his life in the state of his nativity and about 1876 removed to Petersburg, Illinois, where he was actively engaged in general agricultural pursuits for more than a decade. It was in 1887 that he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and here he was employed as a ranch hand for a period of five years. At the end of that time, in 1893, he took up a homestead ten miles north of Walla Walla, residing thereon for five years or until he established the family home in the city of Walla Walla, where it has since been maintained. In the fall of 1917 he disposed of his tract north of Prescott. The prosperity which he now enjoys is indeed well merited, for he has ever manifested industry, enterprise and keen discrimination and in the management of his extensive interests has been notably practical, persistent and progressive.

In 1884 Mr. Taylor was united in marriage to Miss Mollie C. Ragsdill, of Menard county, Illinois, by whom he has two sons: Lowell Oakley, a successful agriculturist of Walla Walla county; and Brooks Andy, who engages in wheat growing with his father. Although a grandmother Mrs. Taylor is now a student at St. Paul's School, where she expects to complete the school work begun in her girlhood, having a great desire for a higher education than she could obtain at that time. This is very unusual for a woman past fifty years of age but shows her strength of character and perseverance. Mr. Taylor gives his political allegiance to the republican party, which he has supported since age conferred upon him the right of franchise. Fraternally he is identified with the following organizations: Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; Enterprise Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F.; Walla Walla Encampment, No. 3, I. O. O. F.; and Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. Mr. Taylor and his two sons are all thirty-second degree Masons as well as members of the Odd Fellows lodge and encampment, while his wife and sons are identified with the Order of the Eastern Star, and Mrs. Taylor is a member of the Daughters of Rebekahs. Mr. Taylor is also a member of the Farmers Union and is widely and favorably known in Walla Walla county, where he has won friends and fortune.

ALBERT R. MATTOON.

Albert R. Mattoon is a representative farmer of Walla Walla county who deserves mention among the self-made men. He had no assistance when he started out in the business world but early realized that energy and effort will bring substantial results and by reason of his unfaltering diligence he has gained a place among the leading farmers of his section of the county. He was born in Oregon, July 12, 1853, and is the only child of Aruna and Eliza A. (Trullinger) Mattoon. The father was a native of the state of New York, while the mother was born in Indiana. It was in 1847 that they crossed the plains, making the journey with ox teams and taking up their abode near Oregon City, Oregon. Mr. Mattoon secured a donation claim, upon which not a furrow had been turned nor an improvement made, and there he built a log cabin. The family lived in true pioneer style, for the work of progress and development had scarcely been begun in that region. The Indians far outnumbered the white settlers; the forests stood in their primeval strength; the streams were unbridged and the land uncultivated. Only here and there had some venturesome spirit penetrated into the wildernesses of the west in order to found a home and engage in business. Mr. Mattoon began the development of his farm and continued his residence in Oregon until his demise, but his widow afterward removed to Washington and spent her last days in Walla Walla county.

Albert R. Mattoon was reared and educated in Oregon and remained a resident of that state until 1878, when, at the age of twenty-five years he came to Washington and has since made his home in Walla Walla county save for a brief period. After taking up his abode in the city of Walla Walla he was there engaged in the implement business for fifteen years, ranking with its leading and representative merchants. He then sold his store and returned to Oregon, going first to Riddle, where he engaged in merchandising for seven years. He then disposed of his store at that place and removed to Portland, where he engaged in the real estate business until 1913, when he returned to Walla Walla. He then took up his abode upon the farm on which he now resides, having sixty acres of land on which is raised corn, hay, wheat and garden produce. At the present time, however, he rents most of his land and is now practically living retired.

On the 7th of November, 1880, Mr. Mattoon was married to Mrs. Nancy Jane Knight, a native of Missouri, and to them have been born two sons: Arthur R., who is now living in Portland, Oregon; and Fred V., who is successfully engaged in the hotel business at Wenatchee, Washington. By her first marriage Mrs. Mattoon has one son, P. B. Knight, who resides in Walla Walla. She is a daughter of William Bartlett and Mary (Weaver) Braden, natives of Kentucky and North Carolina respectively. They were married, however, in Tennessee, and from that state removed to Illinois about 1838. Ten years later they went to Missouri, where Mr. Braden died in 1866. In 1870 Mrs. Braden came with her daughter to Walla Walla county, Washington; and here she passed away at the home of Mrs. Mattoon in 1887. She was the mother of twelve children, but only three now survive. In 1873 her daughter, Nancy Jane, became the wife of William C. Knight, who died about a year later.

In his political views Mr. Mattoon has always been a stalwart republican since age conferred upon him the right of franchise and he represented Douglas county, Oregon, for two years in the state legislature, during which period he was instrumental by his vote in electing John H. Mitchell to the office of United States senator. For some years he served on the school board and the cause of education has ever found in him a stalwart supporter. He also belongs to the Odd Fellows lodge at Roseburg, Oregon, and his life is an exemplification of its teachings concerning the brotherhood of man and the obligations thereby imposed. In all of his business career he has shown ready adaptability and resourcefulness, combined with energy and enterprise, and whatever he has undertaken he has carried forward to successful completion. The record which he has made is a very creditable one and his life history shows that success and an honored name may be won simultaneously.

HORACE G. HART.

Horace G. Hart is spoken of by friends and neighbors as a man of high purpose that has found expression in his daily conduct. He is now engaged in general farming on section 3, township 9 north, range 36 east, in Walla Walla county. He was born in Macon county, Missouri, on the 7th of September, 1858, a son of Horace and Margaret E. (Mercer) Hart. The father was a native of Connecticut and the mother of Kentucky. The former first crossed the plains in 1846, making his way to Spalding's mission at Lapwai, Idaho, Mr. Spalding's first wife having been his sister. In the fall of 1848, when gold was first discovered in California, he went to that state and subsequently he crossed the continent four times, twice by way of the Isthmus route and once around the Horn. He was married on the 22d of November, 1855, and in 1864 he brought his family across the plains, making his way to the Touchet valley, where he established his home about twenty miles north of Walla Walla. There he became actively identified with farming and stock raising and acquired two hundred and forty acres of land, upon which he spent his remaining days, passing away September 1, 1892, when in his eightieth year. His experiences were broad and varied, acquainting him with all phases of mining life and with all phases of pioneer life in the far west. On the 29th of May, 1893, his wife passed away when sixty-nine years of age.

Horace G. Hart was reared under the parental roof upon the western frontier, having been but six years of age when the family came to Washington. His education was acquired in the district schools and as early as his eighteenth year he began farming on his own account, operating his father's farm, which he continued to manage until after his father's death. In the meantime, on attaining his majority, he filed on a homestead adjoining his father's place and continued its cultivation in connection with the further development of the old homestead. Following his father's demise he came into possession of the farm on which he still resides, but has sold much of the land, retaining one hundred acres as a home. His career has been that of a very busy man. He has closely applied himself to the care and management of his property interests and he has long ranked with the leading and representative agriculturists of his section of the state.

On the 28th of March, 1881, Mr. Hart was united in marriage to Miss Ollie L. McKinzie, of Walla Walla, a daughter of Isaac McKinzie, one of the early settlers of the county. To this union have been born ten children: Myrtle A., the wife of Daniel Callahan, a farmer of this county; Carl E., of Waitsburg, Washington; Ralph H., a farmer of Walla Walla county; Lulu P., the wife of Arthur Coe, a farmer residing at Milton, Oregon; Mabel, the wife of Herbert E. Carr, of Prescott; Dorsey, a resident of Detroit, Michigan; and Mary, Lester, Loverne and Horace, Jr., all at home.

Since attaining his majority Mr. Hart has given stalwart allegiance to the republican party but has never been an aspirant for public office. He, however, allowed his name to be used on the prohibition ticket for the office of county commissioner. He has always been a staunch advocate of temperance and does everything in his power to advance the cause. He belongs to Prescott Lodge, No. 46, I. O. O. F., and to the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He and his wife are members of the Federated church at Prescott and his aid can always be counted upon to further any movement that tends to uplift the individual or advance the best interests of the community. His standards of life are high and those who know him have come to recognize the fact that his word is as good as his bond.

ALEXANDER PRICE.

Alexander Price was a most prominent and progressive farmer of Columbia county for many years and in his death the community lost one of its valued citizens. He was born in Missouri, November 3, 1847, a son of Joseph S. and Sarah (Williams) Price, the former a native of Kentucky, while the latter was born in Indiana.

Alexander Price was reared and educated in Missouri and was a youth of seventeen years when he crossed the plains, traveling with ox team and wagon after the primitive methods of the period. There were no railroads across the country at that time and with the slow-plodding oxen only a few miles could be covered every day. Thus the trip lengthened out over weeks and months but eventually they reached their destination and Mr. Price became a resident of Yamhill county, Oregon. There he secured employment as a farm hand, remaining in that state until the fall of 1870, when he came to Walla Walla county and took up a homestead nine miles southwest of Dayton. Upon that farm he lived for seven years and his labors wrought a marked transformation in the appearance of the place. His widow still owns that property, which has now become very valuable.

In 1873 Mr. Price was united in marriage to Miss Clarinda J. Anderson, a native of Missouri and a daughter of Thomas and Mary (Power) Anderson, who were natives of Indiana. They removed from that state to Missouri, where the father died in the year 1850. The mother afterward crossed the plains with her family in 1865, spending her last days in Washington. To Mr. and Mrs. Price were born seven children: George F.; Martha, at home; Celestia, the wife of James J. Edwards; Susan M.; Alice L., who has passed away; Homer E.; and Joseph W.

The death of the husband and father occurred in 1906 and he was laid to rest in Dayton cemetery, leaving a widow and six children to mourn his loss. He had been devoted to their welfare and by reason of his capable business management and wise investments, combined with indefatigable energy and industry, he was able to leave his family in very comfortable financial circumstances. Mrs. Price and her children now own more than five thousand acres of valuable wheat land in Columbia county, all of which is improved, and she also has an attractive residence in the city of Dayton, where she is able to enjoy all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. She belongs to the Congregational church and takes an active interest in its work. In fact, she is ever ready to endorse those plans and measures which tend to uplift the individual or uphold the betterment of the community at large. For many years the Price family has lived in this section of the state, coming here long before Washington was admitted to the Union, and they are prominent not only as pioneers but in those social circles where true worth and intelligence are accepted as the passports into good society.

HON. WILLIAM FARRISH.

In the front ranks of the columns which have advanced the civilization of Washington, Hon. William Farrish has led the way to the substantial development, progress and upbuilding of Asotin county, being particularly active in the growth and progress of the district in which he still makes his home. His memory goes back to the time when the entire Pacific coast was but sparsely settled, when much of the land had not been reclaimed for purposes of civilization but remained in the primitive condition in which it came from the hand of nature. He has lived in the same house in three different counties owing to the division of the old county necessitating change of name and installation of new county governments. He has seen the forests cut, the streams bridged and the work of development carried forward and at all times has borne his part in the general advancement and improvement which has brought Asotin county to its present condition. He was born in Richibucto, province of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, August 9, 1835, a son of William and Catherine (Smith) Farrish, who were natives of Scotland. The father was a lumberman and thus provided for his family.

Hon. William Farrish was the second in order of birth in a family of three sons and three daughters, of whom only three are now living. He acquired his early education in the paid schools of New Brunswick, which he attended for about three years. He left home in 1853, when eighteen years of age, and made his way to Wisconsin, settling in Grand Rapids, that state, after which he worked in the lumber camps, cutting logs and sawing lumber, which was then rafted down the Mississippi and sold. Part of the time he worked for others and during a part of the time engaged in business there on his own account. He continued a resident of Wisconsin until 1878, when he removed to the west, traveling by rail to San Francisco and thence by boat up the coast and up the Columbia river until he took up his abode in Columbia county, Washington, establishing his home in that section which is now Asotin county. He made his way by stage from Walla Walla to Dayton and on to Pomeroy and to Columbia Center, where his wife's people lived. From that point he came to Asotin, where he embarked in the lumber business in connection with his father-in-law, T. G. Bean. They were thus associated in business for twenty years, on the expiration of which period Mr. Farrish purchased his partner's interest and conducted the business alone. He came to Washington territory in the spring of 1878, when there were a number of Indian uprisings occurring in various sections. There were only about twenty families living in the Anatone country at that time and there was great fear among them because of the possibility of an outbreak of Indian hostility at any time. Some of the men began to build a stockade in the hills and Mr. Farrish sent two of his men to help them cut logs and build the stockade, into which all of the families were taken. The Indians, however, did not attack them although the people were expecting an attack daily. The association which existed between Mr. Bean and Mr. Farrish was ever most harmonious and their business affairs were carefully, wisely and successfully conducted. They would haul the lumber from the mountains by team and then raft the lumber down the Snake river. They furnished the lumber for the famous Truax interests, used for the building of the big warehouses, and also the lumber for the Columbia county plank road. They had a lumberyard at Ilia, in Columbia county, now Garfield, as well as at Asotin, and sold lumber throughout old Walla Walla county. They sold the lumber for the old grist mill at Almota, the frame of which is still standing although it was erected in 1878. After coming to Washington, Mr. Farrish lived in the timber for about five years. Later he removed his home on the ranch, where he remained for about fifteen years, when his residence was destroyed by fire. He then took up his abode in the town, where he had another home that had been erected several years before. He has always been actively identified with the lumber interests during the period of his residence in Washington and has done much to develop the lumber resources of this section of the country and has thus added materially to the wealth, development and progress of the state. He owns a ranch of eight hundred acres, half of which is under cultivation and is now being managed by his son, Harry H.

Mr. Farrish was united in marriage to Miss Content V. Bean, who was born April 14, 1847, in Union county, Wisconsin, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. T. G. Bean, who were pioneers of Washington. On removing westward from Wisconsin they settled for a time on the Walla Walla river, where the father conducted a shingle mill. The marriage of Mr, and Mrs. Farrish was celebrated in Plover, Wisconsin, on the 31st of March, 1869, and to them were born seven children: William Thomas, born in Port Edwards, Wisconsin, February 14, 1870, and now a resident of Walla Walla, married Georgia Bradley and to them were born four children. Frank A., born in Port Edwards, Wisconsin, December 16, 1873, is now a resident of Anatone and operates the sawmill there. He married Nellie Smelcer and to them were born three children who are living and one who died in infancy. Harry H., born in Port Edwards, Wisconsin, April 16, 1876, and now ably conducting the home ranch, married Carrie Evans and they have two children: Gervais, who died in infancy; and Colin. The younger children of this family were all born in the same house although in different counties, owing to the various divisions which were made in the counties at that period. Arthur, who was born in Columbia county July 7, 1878, is now conducting his father's interests in the lumber business and lives at home. Grace was born in Columbia county June 25, 1880, and is the wife of George N. Ausman, a prominent rancher of Asotin county and a son of one of the early and honored pioneer settlers mentioned elsewhere in this work. They have six children. Robert Bruce was born July 14, 1883, and now occupies a homestead ten miles from the town of Asotin, in Asotin county. He married Maud Trent and they have become the parents of two daughters. Edith, born August 8, 1886, in Asotin county, is the wife of E. R. Downen, who served two terms as county treasurer and is now county assessor, and they have two sons. The wife and mother passed away in Asotin, November 14, 1906, and her death was the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for she had endeared herself to many with whom she had been brought into contact. She was a consistent member of the Methodist church, to which Mr. Farrish also belongs.

In politics he is a staunch republican and represented his district in the state legislature in the first, second and third sessions after Washington was admitted to the Union. He was made a Mason in Grand Rapids, Wisconsin, in 1852 and holds membership in the Royal Arch Chapter in Lewiston. He is the only living charter member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Anatone.

FREDERICK J. FLEISCHER.

Frederick J. Fleischer occupies a central place on the stage of business and political activity in Prescott. Important public and private interests have been controlled by him to the benefit of the public and he well deserves the position of leadership which is accorded him. He is vice president and the cashier of the First State Bank of Prescott and is now serving as mayor of the city. He was born in Madison, Wisconsin, on the 16th of May, 1871, and is a son of John A. and Elizabeth (Miller) Fleischer. His paternal grandfather, Knute J. Fleischer, was of German descent on his father's side, although of Norwegian birth, and he came to the United States as Norwegian consul.

John A. Fleischer, father of Frederick J. Fleischer, was born in 1846 and was but five years of age when brought by his parents to the new world, so that he was reared in Madison, Wisconsin, where the family home was established. He was a youth of seventeen when, in response to the call of the country for troops to service in the Civil war, he enlisted in a Wisconsin regiment and through the following two years rose to the rank of second lieutenant. The war having ended, he was then honorably discharged and returned to Madison, Wisconsin, where he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Miller, a native of that city, the wedding being there celebrated in 1868. They began their domestic life in Madison, where they continued to reside until 1872, and then removed to Pelican Rapids, in Otter Tail county, Minnesota, where the father secured a homestead and engaged in farming for thirty-four years, being thus ranked for more than a third of a century with the representative and honored residents of that part of that state. In 1906 he came west and settled first in Lewiston, Idaho, where he remained for five years, and after a year or more spent in Seattle and in Portland he came to Prescott, Washington, where he has since resided. He is now living retired, enjoying the fruits of his former toil, for his years of indefatigable industry and perseverance have brought to him a substantial competence that enables him to rest from further labor.

Frederick J. Fleischer, whose name introduces this review, was reared upon the home farm in Ottertail county, Minnesota, with the usual experiences of the farmbred boy. He supplemented his public school training by a business course received in Dixon, Illinois, and until his twenty-seventh year remained upon the home farm, assisting his father in its cultivation through the summer months, while in the winter seasons he engaged in teaching. In 1898 he accepted a position as bookkeeper in the J. P. Wallace State Bank of Pelican Rapids and three years later he became one of the stockholders in the bank and was made a member of its board of directors. He was also elected cashier of the bank, in which position he continued to serve until 1906, when he sold his interest in that institution and came to the west with his father, making his way to Lewiston, Idaho. On the 1st of January, 1907, he went to Moscow, Idaho, to accept the cashiership of the Moscow State Bank. During the following year the bank changed hands and in January, 1908, Mr. Fleischer went to Spokane, Washington, where he resided until the 1st of August of that year, when he came to Prescott. On the 1st of January following he purchased stock in the First State Bank and assumed the cashiership. This bank had passed through some severe financial reverses and the task of rebuilding it devolved upon Mr. Fleischer. How well this task has been performed is told in the present condition of the bank's affairs. When he took charge the deposits amounted to about thirty thousand dollars. Today and for several years past the deposits have averaged about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars and the affairs of the bank are in splendid condition in every way. Mr. Fleischer brought to his work long experience, keen sagacity and notably sound discrimination and his close application and careful management have brought most satisfactory results.

On the 26th of June, 1901, Mr. Fleischer was united in marriage to Miss Charlotte G. Hicks, of Milnor, North Dakota, and to them have been four children, of whom three are living, Ernestine Lois, Frederick J. and Hugh Warren.

Mr. Fleischer is a republican but not a narrow partisan. On the contrary he is a man of broad and liberal views, but is unfaltering in his allegiance to a principle in which he firmly believes. He has served as a delegate to the republican state conventions of Minnesota on two different occasions and he was city treasurer of Pelican Rapids for a number of years. Since coming to Prescott he has also been called upon to fill positions of public honor and trust by his fellow citizens, who recognized his splendid ability as a business man and desired that the city might benefit by that ability. He was made a member of the city council, in which he served for a number of years, and for two years he has been mayor of Prescott. His administration is businesslike and progressive. It has resulted in bringing about various improvements and while he avoids all useless expenditure he also equally avoids that retrenchment which blocks public progress. In a word his sound judgment discriminates between the essential and the non-essential in regard to municipal affairs just as surely as it does in relation to the interests of the bank, which has grown so steadily under his direction.

Mr. Fleischer is well known in Masonic circles, holding membership in Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; and Washington Commandery, No. 1, K. T. He is also identified with El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane, and he belongs to Whetstone Lodge, No. 157, K. P., of Prescott, in which latter he has held all the chairs. He and his wife are members of the Order of the Eastern Star at Waitsburg and both are actively identified with the Federated church of Prescott, taking an active and helpful interest in all that pertains to the improvement and upbuilding of their city along material, intellectual, social and moral lines. Without invidious distinction Mr. Fleischer may well be termed one of the foremost men of Prescott, loyal to every interest of general benefit, while his course in private affairs marks him as a man of high honor.

JOSEPHUS M. MOORE.

Josephus M. Moore came to Walla Walla county in 1870 and during the many years of his residence here became widely and favorably known. He was born in Rock Island, Illinois, September 17, 1838, a son of Amos L. and Mary Moore, both of whom were natives of Ohio, whence they removed to Illinois when the Prairie state was still but thinly settled. Still later they removed to a new frontier, coming to Walla Walla county, Washington in 1868, and here both passed away. To them were born five children.

Josephus M. Moore received his education in the public schools of Illinois and remained with his parents during his boyhood and youth. He continued to reside in the middle west until 1870, when he decided to try his fortune in the Pacific coast country, concerning which he had heard excellent reports. He arrived in Old Walla Walla county, Washington, in July, 1870, and turned his attention to farming in what is now Garfield county. This occupation claimed his time and energies throughout his remaining days. He was energetic and resolute and overcame all obstacles that lay between him and success, gaining a substantial competence.

Mr. Moore was married in Ohio to Miss Louisa Prescott, by whom he had one daughter, Mary, now the wife of Walter Preston, of Portland, Oregon. On coming to Washington Mr. Moore was accompanied by his wife and daughter, and Mrs. Moore died here some years later. In 1894 Mr. Moore was again married, his second union being with Miss Eva Abbott, a native of Ohio. Her parents, S. J. and Chloe (Russell) Abbott, were born respectively in Vermont and Ohio, but in 1862 made the long journey across the great plains to California, where they remained until 1880. In that year they came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and both are still living here, the father at the age of eighty-three years and the mother at the age of eighty. Both are still keen of mind and active of body and they are one of the most highly esteemed couples in the county. Four of the seven children born to them survive. To Mr. and Mrs. Moore was born a son, Amos A., who was graduated from the military academy at Staunton, Virginia; later was a student in the State University of Washington, at Seattle, and is now a student at Walla Walla Business College.

Mr. Moore was a stanch advocate of republican principles and served with much satisfaction to his constituents in a number of local offices. The principles of conduct which guided his life were found in the teachings of the Masonic order, to which he belonged. His death occurred September 24, 1901, and he was buried in Mountain View cemetery. He was a man of many admirable traits and those who knew him well still cherish his memory. Mrs. Moore makes her home in the city of Walla Walla, where she owns a fine residence situated on five acres of ground.

ROBERT O. SANDERS.

Robert O. Sanders is living retired in Waitsburg, although for a long period he was actively identified with farming interests in Walla Walla County, and his capable management of his business affairs brought to him the measure of success which he is now enjoying. He was born in Jefferson county, Illinois, October 8, 1852, and is a son of Jacob and Mary (Breeze) Sanders. The father was a native of Indiana, while the mother's birth occurred in Illinois, where for many years they resided and where both passed away. In their family were seven children, four of whom are yet living.

Robert O. Sanders spent the period of his boyhood and youth upon the home farm in Illinois with the usual experiences that fall to the lot of the lad who divides his time between the duties of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the playground and the work of the fields. When he was sixteen years of age his father died and he continued to assist his mother until he attained his majority, when he began farming on his own account. In 1888 he removed to Walla Walla, since which time he has resided in the northwest, his connection with this section of the country now covering a period of almost thirty years. He began farming here and first rented land and while thus engaged he carefully saved his earnings until his industry and economy had brought him sufficient capital to enable him to purchase a farm. That he has prospered as the years have gone by is indicated in the fact that he now owns three hundred and twenty acres which he has greatly improved. It is wheat land and is cultivated according to the most progressive and scientific methods of crop production. His work has always been carefully performed and his industry and diligence have brought substantial results. He continued personally to cultivate his place until 1902, when he retired from active farm life and removed to Waitsburg, where he is now living.

On January 29, 1874, Mr. Sanders was married to Miss Eva Harned, a native of Indiana, and they became the parents of seven children: Addie, the wife of O. W. Abbey; Maud, who married J. W. Cram; Samuel C., living in Oregon; Alva H., who occupies his father's farm; and three who died in infancy.

Fraternally Mr. Sanders is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Touchet Lodge, No. 5, while both he and his wife are connected with the Rebekahs. In politics he is a republican, having always been a firm believer in the principles of the party. He has served as school director for ten years and it is his earnest desire that excellent educational advantages shall be given to the youth of this section of the state. He and his wife are consistent members of the Christian church and have guided their lives according to its teachings. They are influenced by high principles of conduct and their genuine worth has commended them to the friendship and regard of all with whom they have been associated. The record of Mr. Sanders should serve to inspire and encourage others, showing what may be accomplished when one has the will to dare and to do, for he started out in life empty-handed and whatever success he has achieved or enjoyed has been won through his persistency of purpose, his unremitting diligence and his business integrity.

EMERY FLATHERS.

Emery Flathers, who followed farming on section 31, township 10 north, range 36 east, is a representative of one of the old pioneer families of Walla Walla county. From an early period in the development in this section of the state the family has taken an active part in the work of general progress and improvement and is particularly well and favorably known in connection with the agricultural development of this section. Emery Flathers was born on the old homestead farm adjoining the town of Prescott, March 27, 1872, a son of Benjamin F. and Melinda S. (McQuown) Flathers. The father was a native of Louisville, Kentucky, while the mother was a native of Virginia.

Upon the old homestead Emery Flathers was reared and in the schools of Prescott he pursued his education. In 1905 he entered into partnership with his brothers, John and Charles, and for five years they were associated in farming operations. In 1910, however, Emery Flathers withdrew from the firm and since that time has rented his land and lived retired. He owns two hundred acres, constituting a valuable property, and his rental returns to him a very gratifying income.

On December 23, 1908, Mr. Flathers was married to Miss Rae E. Dunlap, a daughter of John K. Dunlap, who has passed away. Mr. and Mrs. Flathers became the parents of two children, a son and a daughter, Howard and Frances. Mrs. Flathers departed this life July 17, 1915, and her death was deeply regretted not only by her immediate family but by many friends.

Mr. Flathers is independent in politics, voting for the men and measures he considers of the best interest of all the people. He keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day but neither seeks nor desires office. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16. A. F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M., of Walla Walla and Washington Commandery, K. T., also of Walla Walla. He has likewise crossed the sands of the desert with the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, being a member of El Katif Temple of Spokane. He is a substantial citizen, widely and favorably known by reason of his business ability, his loyalty in citizenship and his personal worth. For forty-five years he has been a resident of Walla Walla county, witnessing its growth and development. He has lived to see its pioneer cabins replaced by commodious and substantial residences, its wild lands converted into productive fields, its hamlets developed into thriving cities, and as the years have gone by he has ever willingly cooperated in any plan or movement for the general good.

ALFRED J. BOLTER.

Alfred J. Bolter is a retired farmer living in Dixie. For a long period he was actively and prominently connected with agricultural interests and acquired several hundred acres of valuable land, from which he derived a very gratifying annual income as a result of the care and labor which he bestowed upon the fields. Moreover, his life record shows what may be accomplished by determined effort and perseverance, for he started out empty-handed and is now the possessor of a very substantial competence which enables him to rest from further labor. He was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, in September, 1853, a son of Ziba and Christina Bolter, the former a native of Massachusetts, while the latter was born in the state of New York. They spent their entire lives in the east and there they reared their family of ten children, nine of whom are yet living.

Alfred J. Bolter passed the days of his boyhood and youth in Massachusetts and is indebted to the public school system of that state for the educational opportunities which he enjoyed. In 1875, when a young man of twenty-two years, he came to the west and first settled in Dallas, Oregon, where he remained for three years. In 1878 he removed to Walla Walla county and took up a homestead sixteen miles north of the city of Walla Walla. With characteristic energy he began its development and improvement and occupied that place for ten years, during which time his labors wrought a marked transformation in its appearance. He then disposed of that property and invested in two hundred and eighty acres near Dixie. From time to time he extended the boundaries of his farm until it now comprises seven hundred acres, all of which is improved land and returns to him a most substantial annual income. He continued actively to develop his fields until 1902, when he retired, and since that time he has rented his land, while he is enjoying a well earned rest.

Mr. Bolter was married in 1876 to Miss Elsie A. Crystal, a native of Iowa, and they have become the parents of three children: Madie, the wife of S. M. Jones, now a resident of Spokane; Maud, who is the widow of Burt Roff; and Homer, who is engaged in merchandising in California.

Mr. Bolter belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and has filled all of the chairs in Welcome Lodge, No. 117, in which he has membership. He has also been called to all of the different offices in the Knights of Pythias lodge and is true and loyal to the teaching of these societies. He and his wife are members of the Christian church and endeavor to follow closely the Golden Rule. Their lives have been well spent, fraught with good deeds and actuated by kindly purposes. Many good things are spoken of them by friends and neighbors, who have enjoyed their companionship and who recognize their sterling worth in all the relations of life.

HON. JAMES EWEN EDMISTON.

High on the roll of Washington's distinguished citizens appears the name of Hon. James Ewen Edmiston, deceased, who was for many years a resident of Dayton. His ideals of life were very high and in early manhood he displayed conspicuously the traits of character that made his career brilliantly successful. He performed all the duties that devolved upon him, however humble and however small the recompense might be, conscientiously and industriously. He gave proof of his ability to cope with intricate problems of the law and his natural industry prompted him to prepare his cases with great thoroughness and care, so that he ever entered the courts well equipped to combat any attack or position of the opposing counsel. He lives in the memory of his friends enshrined in the halo of a gracious presence and of pronounced power in the legal profession.

Mr. Edmiston was born in Washington county, Arkansas, March 29, 1849, a son of Alexander E. Edmiston, who was a native of Virginia and removed to Arkansas early in the nineteenth century. He was a veteran of the Mexican war, serving as a lieutenant in his company under Colonel Yall. A forceful man of unquestioned integrity, he won a substantial financial success and left a valuable estate to his widow and four children, of whom James E. Edmiston was the eldest. A few years prior to his death, becoming convinced that the principle of slavery was wrong, he liberated all of his bondsmen. During the Civil war the vicinity of his home was the scene of great atrocities by both northern and southern renegades. He died in the year 1858.

James E. Edmiston, when a lad of fourteen years, enlisted in 1863 in the Confederate army, in which he had five uncles fighting for the cause. After the close of hostilities he returned to his home in Arkansas and remained long enough to assist in putting the plantation again into shape. He then went to Bentonville, Arkansas, where he attended the Bentonville College for two years, and while a student there he also taught school. In 1870 he went to Omaha, Nebraska, whence he made his way to the Pacific coast. He taught school for a time in Oregon and also pursued a course in the Corvallis College, from which he received his degree in 1873.

On the 13th of March of the same year Mr. Edmiston was united in marriage to Miss Helen E. Lacey, a native of Clackamas county, Oregon, and a daughter of Lewis A. Lacey, who was of French-Huguenot stock, his ancestors having fled to the new world because of religious persecution early in the seventeenth century. The paternal grandfather of Mrs. Edmiston was an officer under Washington and Lafayette in the Revolutionary war and he lost two of his fingers in the battle of Bunker Hill. His son, Lewis A. Lacey, came to the northwest in 1852, making his way to Oregon accompanied by his wife, Leonora (Herring) Lacey, who was a native of Swansea, Wales, their marriage ceremony having been performed at Mount Morris, New York. The services were completed about fifteen minutes before they started on their westward journey to Indiana and from there they traveled with ox team and wagon to Oregon. Mr. Lacey's brother, his brother's wife and child died of mountain fever while en route and many other members of the party were buried by the side of the trail. They suffered on account of hostile Indians and the journey was a most hazardous and difficult one. On reaching the Willamette valley Mr. Lacey took up a donation claim and gave his attention to farming and stock raising, spending his remaining days upon the old homestead at Springwater in Clackamas county, where he passed away in 1899, at the notable old age of ninety-four years. His widow died on the 1st of March, 1900, at the age of seventy-one years.

Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Edmiston removed to Colfax, Washington, where for three years he was engaged in teaching school. In 1876 he took up his abode in Dayton, where for some years following he devoted his attention to teaching and then engaged in selling farm machinery. He also operated a large sawmill and was identified with various other business interests which have contributed to the material development and progress of this section of the state. Mr. Edmiston had been educated with a view to entering the ministry but subsequently turned his attention to law and pursued his reading under the preceptorship of John Y. Ostrander. In 1885 he was admitted to the bar and entered upon the practice of his profession, becoming one of the prominent lawyers of Columbia county. He then continued in active practice until a short time prior to his death, which occurred on the 8th of May, 1900. In his law practice he was long associated with Judge C. F. Miller and their friendship relations were very close. Their practice was extensive and of an important character. Mr. Edmiston was remarkable among lawyers for the wide research and provident care with which he prepared his cases. At no time was his reading ever confined to the limitations of the questions at issue. It went beyond and compassed every contingency and provided not alone for the expected but also for the unexpected, which happens in the courts quite as frequently as out of them. His legal learning, his analytical mind, the readiness with which he grasped the points in an argument all combined to make him one of the capable attorneys at the bar of Columbia county and the public and the profession acknowledged him the peer of the ablest regarding him as a jurist of exceptionally rare ability.

Aside from his professional connections Mr. Edmiston figured very prominently in the public life of the community. At one time he served as superintendent of schools of Columbia county. He first came prominently into public notice when elected a member of the upper house of the Washington territorial legislature and for many years he was a member of the state central committee of the democratic party. In 1894 he was offered the nomination for governor but refused to become a candidate. While undoubtedly not without that laudable ambition which is so valuable as an incentive to public service, he nevertheless regarded the pursuits of private life as in themselves abundantly worthy of his best efforts and with remarkable fidelity he labored for the interests of his clients. It is said that he never lost a case which he appealed to the supreme court. In 1886 he was prosecuting attorney of Columbia county.

Mr. Edmiston was considered the highest authority on Masonic jurisprudence in the state and was chairman of that committee in the grand lodge for ten years. He was past grand master of the state of Washington and past grand patron of the Eastern Star. There was a close relationship between him and Dr. Van Patten, who was his family physician from 1884 until his death and has continued as such to Mrs. Edmiston. They were the best of friends and while not associated together in business often consulted one another on business matters. Mr. Edmiston was leader of the choir in the Presbyterian church for many years and in this work was also associated with the Doctor and together they often took vacation trips. It was the earnest desire of Mr. Edmiston that Dr. Van Patten allow himself to be put in line for higher Masonic honors, which eventually resulted in the latter becoming grand junior warden in 1901 and grand master in 1904.

For a long period Mr. Edmiston was collecting data for a history of southeastern Washington but died before the completion of the work. He was president of the board of regents of the Washington State College at Pullman and on the day of his burial the college was closed in respect to his memory. Every business house and the schools of Dayton were also closed and the day was given over to sincere mourning by the entire community. He was buried with Masonic honors and the Grand Lodge of Washington took charge of the funeral services, the Hon. Levi Ankeny, past grand master of the state, officiating. The bar of Dayton passed appropriate resolutions and every mark of respect that could be shown, both in a public and a private way, was evidenced. He was a lifelong member of the Presbyterian church and was a teacher in its Sunday school for many years. Much more might be said in eulogy of this man, who was loved by all who knew him and whose influence was always for the betterment and uplift of mankind. His memory is enshrined in the hearts of those who knew him and remains as a blessed benediction to those who were his associates while he was still an active factor in the world's work. Mrs. Edmiston still lives in the old home in Dayton. She is a past grand matron of the Order of the Eastern Star and is now in charge of the Dayton Branch of the Red Cross, in which work she is very active, giving freely of her time and energies as well as her means and efforts to improve the conditions under which the young men of the country must serve in a military capacity. She was formerly president of the Monday Reading Club and has long been foremost in social circles and in welfare work in the northwest. Both Mr. and Mrs. Edmiston belong to that class who shed around them much of the sunshine of life.

JULES DE RUWE.

Jules De Ruwe is the owner of one of the best improved farms of his section of the country, having an extensive acreage near Turner, Washington. He was born in Belgium, July 17, 1885, and is a son of Peter and Julia De Ruwe, who were natives of that land. Educated in Belgium, Jules De Ruwe acquired a good education there and in 1905, when a young man of twenty years, crossed the Atlantic to the new world, making his way direct to Washington, where he became identified with the sheep industry, conducting business on a large scale in connection with his brothers, prominently known as leading sheep men of this section of the state. They finally dissolved partnership, however, and each is now conducting his business interests individually. In the fall of 1917 Jules De Ruwe purchased his present ranch, comprising eleven hundred acres of land twelve miles north of Dayton on the Tucanon river. This is one of the best improved ranches in his part of the county and Mr. De Ruwe is now equipping it with a thoroughly modern set of buildings, in which he is installing electric light and running water. In fact, he is adding every modern equipment and comfort and his farm work is being conducted along progressive and scientific lines. His sheep are of the Rambouillet breed and are among the best to be found in the state of Washington.

On the 17th of October, 1917, Mr. De Ruwe was united in marriage to Miss Mabel Davidson, a daughter of Daniel and Ethel Davidson, of Starbuck, Washington, who were also ranch people. Mr. De Ruwe is a member of the Catholic church, while his wife holds membership in the Christian church. While he has been on this side the Atlantic for only a few years he is thoroughly American in spirit and interests, having a strong attachment for the government and the institutions of the new world. It often seems that native born citizens come by the privileges of American life too easily to appreciate them in the fullest degree. At least some of those who have sacrificed and suffered to obtain them value their blessings more highly than those to whom they come as a matter of course. Mr. De Ruwe is among the loyal residents of the northwest and in the utilization of the opportunities which have come to him he has made for himself a very creditable position among the successful business men of Washington.

F. E. MOJONNIER.

F. E. Mojonnier, a prominent and representative business man of Walla Walla county, is conducting his interests under the name of the Walla Walla Hothouse Vegetable Company. He is engaged in growing and wholesale shipping of hothouse and garden vegetables. He established this business in 1909, with no previous experience along this line to aid him, but he bent every energy toward acquainting himself with every phase of the business, studying the methods of the most successful houses of similar character in the east, and through this method and through study he has developed an enterprise of extensive and profitable proportions. He was born at Highland, Madison county, Illinois, on the 4th of October, 1874, and is a son of Samuel and Clara (Robert) Mojonnier, both of whom were natives of Switzerland and were of French descent. They came to the United States in childhood with their respective parents, the families establishing their homes in Madison county, Illinois. The father was a carpenter by trade but gave his attention largely to agricultural pursuits in Illinois. In 1886 he removed with his family to Los Angeles, California, where he engaged in carpentering up to the time of his death, which occurred about 1892. His widow is still living in that city.

F. E. Mojonnier was reared at home, acquiring his education in the public and high schools of Los Angeles. He was a youth of but twelve years when the family removed to California. After his textbooks were put aside he worked for some time in a grocery store in Los Angeles and in April, 1895, came to Walla Walla, Washington, where he entered the employ of the Walla Walla Produce Company. In 1900 he became a stockholder of the company and was identified with the conduct of the business until 1914, when he sold his interest in order to give his sole attention to his present business, which he had established in 1909. At that time he had no practical experience to assist him in its conduct, but he closely applied himself to the work and visited the largest plants of similar nature throughout the east, and since then he has built up one of the most modern establishments of the kind in the country. He has three acres under glass and he is producing high grade vegetables and, in fact, he is known as one of the leading hothouse vegetable growers in the northwest. His business has been thoroughly systematized, carefully managed and wisely conducted and his patronage has grown to extensive and gratifying proportions.

On the 1st of January, 1900, Mr. Mojonnier was united in marriage to Miss Mathilde Delepine, of Walla Walla, who was a student in the State College at Pullman at the time of her marriage. To them have been born three children, Claire, Harold and Elaine.

Mr. Mojonnier gives his political allegiance to the democratic party and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day, but has never been an aspirant for office. He is regarded as one of the representative citizens of Walla Walla county, actuated by a spirit of enterprise and progress in all that he does. Well defined plans and purposes have carried him forward and each step in his career has brought him a broader outlook and wider opportunities. He has ever been actuated by a laudable ambition that has caused him to reach out along still broader lines and his position in business circles is now a most creditable and enviable one.

HON. FREDERICK STINE.

Hon. Frederick Stine, who passed away in Walla Walla in 1909, had been a resident of the city for more than four decades and was most widely and favorably known. He was one of the early settlers of his section of the state and was largely instrumental in promoting the development and upbuilding of his city. He thus gained a wide acquaintance and was esteemed by all who knew him. He was a recognized leader in many lines and his strength of character and excellent judgment were features that brought beneficial results. A man of action rather than of theory, whenever opportunity called he made ready response.

Mr. Stine was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, November 24, 1825. His father was a blacksmith by trade and in 1839 removed with his family from the Keystone state to Greene county, Ohio, settling in Fairfield, where he engaged in farming and also followed blacksmithing. With those pursuits Frederick Stine became thoroughly familiar, as he assisted his father in the work of the fields or of the smithy. In the spring of 1852, in company with his brothers, John and William, he started for the Pacific coast. Their departure was a great event to the family, which numbered eight sons and six daughters. Travel at that time to the western coast was by means of wagon or by way of water route and many months elapsed ere the journey was completed. It was indeed a serious undertaking, much more difficult than a trip around the world at the present time. The three brothers left St. Louis, Missouri, on the 1st of May, 1852, and on the 2d of July arrived in Sacramento, California. This was a record trip at the time. The train with which they traveled numbered twenty-six men, of whom Frederick Stine was chosen captain. The three brothers went to Marysville, California, where they began work, but after a few days Frederick Stine was prostrated with typhoid fever and for sixty days had a great struggle for his life. Eventually, however, the disease reached its crisis and it was said that he would live. When he recovered he began business for himself, but in 1854 met with losses through fire and the following year he removed to Yreka, California, where he concentrated his efforts and attention upon farming and blacksmithing, thus returning to the occupations to which he had been reared.

Selling his Yreka property on the 6th of February, 1862, Mr. Stine then started for the north and on the 12th of May arrived in Walla Walla, where he afterward made his home until called to his final rest. Within four days of his arrival he had opened a place of business on Main street and as the years passed he prospered. On the 3d of November, 1863, he went by way of Portland to San Francisco, traveling by stage to the latter city and thence by boat and the Panama route to Ohio on a visit to his family and his old home. On the 18th of April, 1864, he started again for the Pacific coast and this time made the trip by stage to Walla Walla, where he resumed blacksmithing and wagon making, maintaining a first class shop of that kind until September 1, 1873, at which date he retired from business. He had spent about a third of a century at his trade and was always industrious and conscientious in his work. In 1872 he erected the Stine House, which was the first brick hotel in Walla Walla, and in 1880 he purchased a farm of five hundred and sixty acres in Umatilla county, Oregon, about six miles south of Walla Walla. This he extensively improved and cultivated and to his holdings he added from time to time as his financial resources increased until he held in that vicinity over nineteen hundred acres of choice land. In 1905 his wheat crop was thirty-seven thousand bushels, raised upon one-half of his land, the other half being summer fallowed. His business affairs were wisely and carefully controlled, his investments most judiciously made and his enterprise brought to him a very substantial measure of success. The most envious could not grudge him his prosperity, so honorably was it gained, so worthily used.

In 1870, in Walla Walla, Mr. Stine was united in marriage to Mrs. Mary (Megrew) Silverthorn, a widow, and to them was born a daughter, Elizabeth, who became the wife of John Casper, of Walla Walla. Mrs. Stine was born near Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in 1836, a daughter of Archibald Megrew. In 1836, when Mrs. Stine was three months old, the father removed with his family to Ohio and when she was a little maiden of thirteen she lost her mother. In 1852 the father removed with the children to Iowa and there his last days were passed. It was in Iowa that Mary Megrew became the wife of John Silverthorn and they, with others, crossed the plains in 1864, making the trip with mules and horses and spending three months en route. They settled in Walla Walla, where the death of Mr. Silverthorn later occurred. Mrs. Stine now resides in a fine home on Catherine street, where for more than ten years she has lived.

Throughout the period of his residence in Walla Walla, Mr. Stine was an active worker for the upbuilding and development of the city. In politics he was an active democrat and in 1869 was chosen to represent his district in the lower house of the territorial legislature, while in 1873 he was elected a member of the senate. He made his presence felt there by his earnest support of all well devised plans and measures for the improvement of the commonwealth. His keen judgment was of great benefit in many instances. In 1865 he was chosen one of the members of the city council of Walla Walla and during the following year was made chairman of the council and thereafter was reelected many times. He exercised his official prerogatives in support of various plans and measures for the general good and his work was of great worth to the city. Many important measures for the benefit of Walla Walla originated with him and were carried forward to successful completion because of his endorsement and labor. In 1868 he succeeded in having established a Masonic lodge at Walla Walla and for ten years thereafter acted as its master. He was also a member of the chapter and was always an earnest worker and he labored untiringly for the advancement of Masonic interests in this locality. When death called him in 1909 he had been a resident of Walla Walla for more than forty-five years. His personal qualities were such as won for him the warm regard of many and there was sincere grief felt throughout the city at his passing.

WILLIAM THOMAS PETTIJOHN.

William Thomas Pettijohn has since 1905 resided upon his present farm on section 2, township 9 north, range 35 east, in Walla Walla county, and here has six hundred and fifty acres of valuable land, constituting one of the fine farms of this section of the state. Long before, however, he had become a resident of the county and in fact was one of the earliest settlers. He arrived here in 1859, when but five years of age, having been brought to Washington by his parents.

Mr. Pettijohn was born in Linn county, Oregon, July 26, 1854, a son of Jonathan and Hannah (Warner) Pettijohn. The father was a native of Ohio, while the mother's birth occurred in Indiana. In 1850 Jonathan Pettijohn crossed the plains to California and after spending a year or more in the gold fields of that state he went to Oregon, settling in Linn county, where he was employed for some time in the sawmills and also worked at barn building. He became familiar with all of the hardships and privations incident to life on the frontier. He had encountered also many difficulties while crossing the plains. The cattle with which the party started on leaving the east died en route and much of the distance during the latter part of the trip, their provisions having run short, they lived for days upon flour and water. Mr. Pettijohn traveled much of the distance on foot. After living for a number of years in Oregon he sold his interests there in 1859 and came to Walla Walla county. He first visited the county in the summer of that year, bringing with him some cattle, after which he returned for his family. He entered a homestead in townships 9 and 10, range 35 east, Walla Walla county, and thereon built a log cabin. His remaining years were spent in that immediate neighborhood and he was very successful. While he experienced many of the difficulties incident to the settlement of the frontier prosperity attended him as the years went by and he acquired three thousand acres of valuable land. From 1860 until 1866 or 1867 he was engaged in freighting with ox teams to the Idaho mines and later he gave his attention most successfully to the raising of cattle and horses. His business affairs were most wisely and successfully managed and he became the possessor of a very handsome competence, passing away June 13, 1913. His wife had crossed the plains with her parents in 1852, at which time the family home was established in Linn county, Oregon, where her marriage to Mr. Pettijohn afterward occurred. She passed away in January, 1893, and in the death of these two worthy people Walla Walla county lost an honored pioneer couple. They were respected and esteemed by all who knew them and most of all by those who knew them best, a fact indicative of their well spent lives.

William T. Pettijohn spent his youthful days upon the old homestead and acquired a district school education. In 1877 he went to Idaho, where he used both his preemption and homestead rights in the Potlach country, filing the first homestead right in that section. There he remained actively identified with farming and stock raising until 1905, when he left Idaho and returned to Walla Walla county, taking up his abode on his present home farm, which now comprises six hundred and fifty acres of rich and productive land. In addition he owns five hundred and sixty acres in another township. His landed possessions are thus extensive and he is actively and prominently identified with the farming interests of Walla Walla county. His business affairs are carefully directed and wisely managed. He utilizes the most modern methods carrying on the farm work and upon his place he has put many improvements which rank his farm with one of the model farm properties of the twentieth century in this section of the state.

On the 12th of December, 1883, Mr. Pettijohn was united in marriage to Miss Ella Humphrey, of Idaho, and to them have been born five children, four of whom are still living, namely: Ada, the wife of Frank Davis, who is operating one of the farms belonging to his father-in-law; Jonathan N., who is now operating the home farm; Ollie, the wife of Robert L. Temple, of Prescott, Washington; and Harry Elbert, who is in the United States army. For some, time the two sons operated the home farm together and proved progressive young business men by their capable direction of the interests which have come under their charge.

In politics Mr. Pettijohn has always followed an independent course but has never taken an active part in public affairs. He has always preferred to concentrate his time, efforts and attention upon his private business interests and by reason of his diligence and determination, his perseverance and his honesty he has won a very substantial measure of success. He is justly numbered among the honored pioneers of the northwest, having for fifty-seven years lived in this section of the country. Born in Oregon, reared in Washington and a resident for a time of Idaho, there is no feature of the development of the northwest with which he is not familiar and he has lived to witness a remarkable transformation, for the country has grown so rapidly that the story of its development seems almost magical. The result, however, is due to the earnest labors, the persistency of purpose and the indefatigable energy of such men as Mr. Pettijohn, who, unafraid of the hardships and privations of pioneer life, has utilized the natural resources of the country and has thus placed the wealth upon a par with the older east.

COLONEL WILLIAM HAVENS MILLER.

Colonel William Havens Miller, whose life was spent in the military service of his country, was under all circumstances an officer and a gentleman. He was born at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, January 31, 1849, and on the 14th of June, 1872, was graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point and was assigned to duty with the First Cavalry. While with that regiment he participated in all the Indian wars in the Rocky mountains and on the Pacific coast and won frequent promotion in recognition of his efficiency and gallantry. Among the important campaigns in which he took part were: the Modoc war, which lasted from November, 1872, until June, 1873; the Nez Percé war, from June to October, 1877; the Bannock campaign, from June to September, 1878; and a minor engagement at Meacham's, in the Blue mountains of Oregon, in August, 1878. He was promoted to first lieutenant in the First Cavalry, March 4, 1879. From May, 1877, to March, 1887, he served as quartermaster in the field and in garrison and during the greater part of that time, or from August 15, 1878, to March 31, 1887, he was regimental quartermaster. On the 28th of February, 1890, he was brevetted first lieutenant for "gallant services in action against Indians at the Lava Beds, California, April 17, 1873, and gallant and meritorious conduct during the Modoc war." In 1896-7 he was employed in the designing and building of Fort George Wright, a military post at Spokane, Washington, being in charge of the work until December, 1898, at which time the post was ready for one battalion of infantry. During the greater part of 1899 and 1900 he was in Cuba and built the four company military post at Paso Caballos at the mouth of the harbor of Cienfuegos, Cuba, and finished the cavalry post, Hamilton barracks, at Matanzas, Cuba. Colonel Miller was in campaigns and garrisons in the northwest until September, 1890, being stationed a part of the time in northern California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada and Montana, and was then appointed captain and assistant quartermaster in the United States Army and was on duty as follows: Quartermaster at United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, from October, 1890, to November, 1894; quartermaster at Fort Riley, Kansas, from November, 1894, until July, 1896; constructing quartermaster at Spokane, Washington, from July, 1896, to December, 1898; appointed major and chief quartermaster in United States Volunteers, August 15, 1898; division chief quartermaster at Southern Camp; Anniston, Alabama, from December, 1898, to March, 1899; chief quartermaster, Departments of Santa Clara and Matanzas at Cienfuegos and Matanzas, Cuba, from March, 1899, to July, 1900; depot quartermaster, Boston, Massachusetts, from October, 1900, to August, 1901; depot and chief quartermaster, Department of the Lakes, Chicago, Illinois, front August, 1901, to August, 1905; in charge of the general depot of the quartermaster's department, New York city, from November 20, 1905, to May, 1907; chief quartermaster, Philippine Division, Manila, from September 2, 1907, to June 14, 1909; quartermaster at Seattle, Washington, and in charge of the United States transport service on Puget Sound from July, 1909, until retired at the age of sixty-four years, January 31, 1913. He was promoted to major and quartermaster, United States Army, August 12, 1900; to lieutenant colonel and deputy quartermaster general, August 15, 1903; and colonel and assistant quartermaster general, October 31, 1909. The title was changed to colonel, Quartermaster Corps, United States Army, by act of congress approved August 24, 1912. On the 5th of July, 1906, he was especially commended to the secretary of war by the inspector general of the army for efficiency. All work that was given to him to do was well done, for, holding himself to the strictest standards, he refused to accept anything less than the best work from those under him, but at the same time he was scrupulously just and held the respect of his men. He upheld the high traditions of the American army, was a constant student of military science and kept in close touch with the change in methods necessitated by new conditions of warfare. To him the army was a profession that demands all a man has to give but that makes abundant recompense in the knowledge of worthy service rendered the nation. He had the capacity for deep friendship characteristic of men of unusual strength of character and the place which he held in the esteem and affection of those who knew him intimately is indicated in the following tribute to his memory by his friend, G. P. Monell.

"'He was my friend, faithful and just, to me." This Shakepearean saying of Marcus Antonius over the body of dead Caesar, best describes the dominant characteristic of Colonel Miller's life. Faithful and just, tender and true, might well be inscribed upon the stone that marks the spot where he sleeps till the final reveille. These qualities, covering all that is knightly, all that is noble, went to make up the daily routine of the life he lived for the glory and honor of his country. No promise that he ever made, however lightly, was too small to be faithfully remembered and religiously fulfilled. No fault that he observed was too great or too trivial to meet with less or more than exact justice. Officially he had no friends; those who gave best service were best rewarded, regardless of his personal predilections. Looking back over the past four years of close and intimate friendship, they seem to reflect back his past and sound out his whole life as embodied living truth; even in his lightest moods he scorned exaggeration as beneath the dignity of his manhood. Deeply learned in all the intricate business of army life and regulations, quick to see the right and wrong of any question, recognizing no middle course, his decisions were instant and final and his reasons unassailable. Officially he was a dignified, gallant and knightly soldier. In private life he represented the highest type of American gentleman. Hospitable, kindly, witty, he made those who visited his home feel that they belonged 'right there' and his friends were part of himself. His character, always straightforward and intensely honest, presented so many sides and all so simple and unassuming that those who knew him best loved him most.

Colonel Miller was married in Walla Walla, November 20, 1879, to Miss Anna Abbott, a daughter of John F. Abbott, who was a well known resident of Walla Walla, and a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Colonel Miller passed away at the General Memorial Hospital in New York, April 13, 1913. To him and his wife were born three children, of whom the eldest died in infancy. Harlan Abbott, born at Fort Walla Walla, is now a rancher in Umatilla county, Oregon. Margaret Isabelle is the wife of Julian Foster Humphrey, chief officer of the Transport Crook, U. S. N.

HON. DENNIS COOLEY GUERNSEY.

Hon. Dennis Cooley Guernsey, whose history is closely interwoven with the records of Columbia county, is now extensively engaged in the real estate, insurance and loan business in Starbuck. He has at different periods figured prominently as a bank official, as the incumbent in public office in the county and as representative of his district in the territorial legislature of 1879, and with many business interests he has been closely associated, so that his labors have contributed in marked measure to the material development and to the upbuilding of the state. He was born in Janesville, Wisconsin, on the 13th of April, 1845, a son of Orrin and Sarah (Cooley) Guernsey, who were natives of Connecticut. They removed to New Hampshire in childhood days with their respective parents and were there reared and married. In 1843 they migrated westward, establishing their home in Janesville, Wisconsin, where they spent their remaining days. In early life the father was engaged in merchandising and in later years became identified with the insurance business.

Dennis C. Guernsey, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the Janesville schools, completing a high school course. He was a youth of but sixteen years when the Civil war broke out and in the fall of 1863, when but eighteen years of age, he enlisted for service and was assigned to duty with Company E of the Twenty-second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, which became a part of the Second Brigade, Third Division, of the Twentieth Army Corps, commanded by Colonel Joe Hooker. He was with Sherman on the celebrated march to the sea and after returning to Washington, following the close of hostilities, the members of Sherman's command were recruited and formed the temporary division of the Fourteenth Army Corps, which was sent under Jeff C. Davis to Louisville, Kentucky, Van Dorn of the Southwestern Department having not yet surrendered. They were mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, on the 18th of July, 1865, and later Mr. Guernsey returned to Janesville, Wisconsin, where he engaged in the insurance business. Three years afterward, or in 1868, he went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he became a dealer in wood and coal, continuing in that business until 1870. In January, 1871, he was appointed an officer of the reform school at Waukesha, Wisconsin. In the meantime, however, following his return to Janesville, he had done other military service. Major General Starkweather, who had gone out with the First Wisconsin as colonel and who rose to the rank of major general of volunteers, took command of the Milwaukee Light Guards, of which he had been captain at the outbreak of the war. Mr. Guernsey joined the Light Guards and was with that command at the inauguration of Governor Fairchilds at Madison in January, 1869. After spending a few months as an officer in the reform school in Waukesha, Wisconsin, he again went to Janesville, where he accepted a position with a hardware firm as bookkeeper. The lure of the west, however, was upon him and on the 14th of October, 1871, he turned his face toward the setting sun and on the 9th of November reached Walla Walla, having traveled by rail as far as Keton, Utah, and thence through Boise, Baker, LaGrande to Walla Walla by stage. After spending ten days in that city he proceeded to Dayton, the town having been platted only a few days before, and on Mr. Guernsey's arrival there were but two buildings in the town, one being the residence of J. N. Day, while the other was known as the "red store," the property of Kimball & Day. On the 1st of December Mr. Guernsey succeeded Ralph Kimball in the store and was employed by the firm until the fall of 1874, when he became a partner in the business under the firm style of Day, Guernsey & Company. In the fall of 1875 he withdrew from that organization and formed a new company, entering into partnership with F. G. Frary, superintendent of the Dayton Woolen Mills, and A. H. Reynolds, of Walla Walla, who was the only banker this side of The Dalles. The new firm was organized under the style of D. C. Guernsey & Company. In 1876 Mr. Frary and Mr. Reynolds withdrew and Mr. Guernsey was joined by H. H. Wolfe under the firm name of Guernsey & Wolfe. He thus continued active in merchandising in Dayton until 1880, when he sold out. From the beginning of his residence there he took active part in the upbuilding and progress of the new town.

In 1876 Mr. Guernsey was instructed by the commissioners of the new county of Columbia--F. G. Frary, G. T. Pollard of Huntsville and E. Oliver of Pomeroy--to call a special election for the purpose of choosing county officers. Mr. Guernsey was elected county treasurer for one year and at the first biennial election was chosen for a full term at a salary of three hundred dollars per year, the officers being required to serve at a "moderate salary" inasmuch as this was an infant county. In 1878 he was chosen to represent his district in the territorial legislature and on the 31st of July, 1880, he succeeded L. F. A. Shaw in the office of deputy collector of internal revenue under Major James R. Hayden. He occupied that position for three years and then surrendered the office to H. W. Fairweather. On the 4th of May, 1884, Mr. Guernsey entered the Columbia National Bank of Dayton as cashier and had complete charge of the bank's affairs through the following sixteen years, at which time his brother, F. W. Guernsey, became cashier, while D. C. Guernsey was made vice president and manager of the institution. He successfully carried the bank through the panic of 1893, although he closed one Saturday night with but five hundred and fifty dollars in the bank. However, he most carefully safeguarded the interests of the institution and managed to weather the financial storm which swept over the entire country in that year. He remained in his official capacity with the bank until 1900, when he retired, the institution at that time having deposits of three hundred and seventy-four thousand dollars. He then turned his attention to the real estate, insurance and loan business in Dayton and in 1904 he took charge of a mining camp on the Omnaha in Willowa county, Oregon, for the Eureka Mining Company, his position being that of managing director. While there he built the wagon road down Deer creek from Dobbins Cabin to Snake river. He occupied the position of director of the mining camp for two years, after which he returned to Dayton and through the succeeding two years gave his attention to the real estate and insurance business. In 1908 he removed to Starbuck to assist in straightening out the affairs of the Bank of Starbuck, of which institution he was made cashier, occupying that position for a period of two and a half years. He then resigned and established his present business, with which he has since been prominently identified, being today one of the foremost real estate, loan and insurance agents in this part of the state. One of the local papers said: "D. C. Guernsey has been a most important factor in the development of Columbia county and the moulding of civilized life in the great state of Washington. During the early history of Columbia county, hardly a business transaction was carried through or a public enterprise launched that was not inspired by the brain or fostered by the public-spiritedness of Mr. Guernsey." He helped to organize and was the first president of the Dayton Electric Light Company and built many of the buildings in that city in the block in which the Columbia National Bank is located. He organized the Dayton Hotel Company, which built the hotel, and was its president for several years.

Mr. Guernsey has also left the impress of his individuality in marked manner upon the political history of the state. In politics he has always been a stanch republican and was a leader in the party from the time when there were but twelve republicans who went from Walla Walla to Lewiston. In 1879, when he became a member of the territorial legislature, he became a member of what was known as the bunch grass delegation, which became the controlling factor in the general assembly. He was made chairman of the ways and means committee and did important work in that connection. In 1890 he was appointed a member of the state harbor line commission by Governor Ferry, the first state governor, and was active in the work of the commission, which located all the harbor lines in the state and submitted the plans to the United States war department. Mr. Guernsey also became identified with the military interests of the northwest. He assisted in organizing the Dayton Grays, which merged into Company F of the First Washington Regiment for service in the Philippines. He was also paymaster and battalion adjutant of the Second Washington Regiment under Colonel Pike.

On the 23d of September, 1873, Mr. Guernsey was married to Miss Harriet E. Day, a daughter of Dr. W. W. Day, who was the first physician in Dayton, where his son and grandson are now practicing, so that the name of Dr. Day has always been associated with that city. To Mr. and Mrs. Guernsey have been born five children, four of whom are yet living: William Day, a journalist connected with a newspaper of Schenectady, New York; Frank Day, a mining man of Jerome, Arizona; Minerva G., the wife of George F. Price, of Dayton; and Helen G., the wife of Frank E. Girton, of Covello, Washington.

In fraternal relations Mr. Guernsey has occupied a very prominent position. He was made a Mason in Independence Lodge, No. 80, F. & A. M., of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in November, 1869, and was made a Royal Arch Mason in Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, in 1880. He became a charter member and is a past master of Columbia Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M., of Dayton, and on the formation of Dayton Chapter, No. 5, R. A. M., he also became a charter member of that organization and is a past high priest. He is likewise a member and past eminent commander of Washington Commandery, No. 1, K. T., is a member of the Lodge of Perfection and the Chapter of Rose Croix in Walla Walla and of the Knights of Kodosh and of Spokane Consistory, A. A. S. R. He likewise has membership with the Knights Commander Court of Honor. He was the first chancellor commander in Organization Lodge, No. 3, K. P., and is the oldest chancellor commander in the state. He also has connection with various other fraternal organizations and has been very prominent in that connection for many years. His has been a guiding hand in shaping the history of southeastern Washington in its material, social and political progress and at all times he has been actuated by high ideals, looking ever to the benefit and upbuilding of his section of the state. Great indeed have been the changes which have occurred since his arrival in Columbia county. The seeds of civilization had scarcely been planted when he reached Dayton and from that time forward he has cooperated in all movements which have been instituted for public benefit, and without invidious distinction he may be termed the foremost resident of Starbuck.

DICK HARPER.

Dick Harper, who is filling the position of county auditor in Columbia county, Washington, and makes his home in Dayton, was born August 12, 1863, in Washburn, Woodford county, Illinois. His father, James D. Harper, was a native of Sullivan county, Indiana, born in 1838, and when quite young removed to central Illinois, where his boyhood and youth were passed. He was a graduate of Eureka College, Eureka, Illinois, and devoted his entire life to educational work. He married Marion A. Jenkins when twenty-five years of age and passed away in Dayton, Washington, in February, 1901. His wife is a representative of a pioneer family of New York and is now living in Dayton at the age of eighty years and is splendidly preserved. She lived for a few months in the same house with Abraham Lincoln during the famous Lincoln-Douglas campaign. She has a brother living at the age of ninety years, who was an officer in the Civil war, holding the rank of first lieutenant.

Dick Harper acquired a common school education in Missouri and also attended the State Normal School at Warrensburg, Missouri. In 1885, when a young man of twenty-two years, he took charge of a drug store for his brother-in-law at Rich Hill, Missouri, and successfully managed the business for a period of seven years, after which he came to the Pacific coast, arriving in Portland, Oregon, in the spring of 1892. In the fall of that year he came to Dayton, where he was identified with farming and with the grain trade until the spring of 1903, when he established a furniture store in Dayton and soon won for himself a place among the active and representative merchants of the city. In 1906 he purchased the Day drug store at Dayton, which he conducted successfully for seven years.

On the 27th of October, 1886, in Butler, Bates county, Missouri, Mr. Harper was united in marriage to Miss Laura A. Floyd, a daughter of John H. and Sarah A. Floyd. They have a daughter, Florence Marion, who is the wife of Lloyd R. Terwilliger, who is living in Walla Walla and is employed in the First National Bank of that city.

Mr. Harper has long been an active and helpful member of the Christian church and he has membership with the Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Masons. For a number of years he served as secretary of Dayton Chapter, R. A. M., and in his life has always exemplified the beneficent spirit of the craft. He belongs to the Dayton Commercial Club and is a member of its governing board. In politics he is a democrat. In 1898 he was made county auditor of Columbia county by popular vote and in 1910 and 1911 served as councilman at large. He was chairman of the street and public property committee and also of the light and water committee. In 1912 he was elected mayor of the city and in 1916 was appointed police judge. He has thus long continued in public office and those who read between the lines will recognize the important part which he has played in public affairs in Dayton, winning for himself a most creditable position in commercial and political circles. In a word, he has exercised much influence over public thought and opinion and has done much to advance public progress in his adopted city.

CALDER H. WHITEMAN.

No class of Walla Walla's citizens is more highly esteemed than the many retired farmers who here make their home and among them is numbered Calder H. Whiteman, who was born in Keokuk county, Iowa, April 29, 1851. His parents, John B. and Eliza G. (Colville) Whiteman, were natives of West Virginia and Kentucky respectively but were married in Indiana. In 1850 they became settlers of Iowa but later returned to Indiana, where the mother died. The father was subsequently married twice. In 1874 he made the long journey to Oregon and four years later took up his residence in Umatilla county, that state. He died in Milton October 5, 1910.

Calder H. Whiteman, who is an only child by the first marriage, remained with his father until he attained his majority and received his education in the common schools. On beginning his independent career he rented a farm near Salem, Oregon, having decided to devote his life to the occupation to which he had been reared. After farming that place for three years he removed to Umatilla county and took up a homestead, the operation of which occupied his time and attention until his removal to Walla Walla in 1901. In the intervening years he brought the place to a high state of cultivation and made many improvements thereon, making it one of the most up-to-date and valuable farms in that locality. In 1911 he sold the Umatilla county property and bought a farm in Whitman county, Washington, near Lacrosse, which he still retains. He and his son now own fourteen hundred and forty acres, all fine wheat land, well improved, and their holdings place them among the large landowners of eastern Washington. Mr. Whiteman of this review makes his home in Walla Walla and his residence here is commodious, pleasing in design and thoroughly modern in its appointments.

Mr. Whiteman was married in 1874 to Miss Ella M. Dorman and they became the parents of four children, of whom three survive: Jessie L., the wife of F. E. Allison of Lind, Washington; Clarence C., a resident of Pendleton, Oregon; and Calder Otis, who is his father's partner in his farming interests. The wife and mother passed away in 1896 and in 1897 Mr. Whiteman was married to Mrs. Mary M. (Jackson) Morton, a native of Canada. By her first marriage she had two children, both of whom have passed away.

Mr. Whiteman endorses the principles of the republican party and gives his loyal support to its candidates at the polls. For four years he was a member of the city council of Walla Walla and his record in that office is one of unusually capable work in behalf of the welfare of the municipality. For twenty-two years he has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and he also belongs to the Woodmen of the World and the women's branch of that organization, known as the Women of Woodcraft. Both he and his wife are active members of the Christian church, of which he is an elder, and he is also president of the board of directors of the Northwest Christian Home of Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington at Walla Walla. It is under the supervision of the Benevolent Association of the Christian church, which organization is designed to erect homes and hospitals for the young, old and needy of that church, and Mr. Whiteman gives much of his time to looking after the affairs of that institution. The prominence which he has gained establishes beyond question his ability, for his advancement has at all times come as the direct result of his own efforts and he is indeed a self-made man.

P. B. DOWLING.

The average farmer is apt to think of Washington as a great forest country, and while there are wonderful tracts of timber land, making this one of the leading centers of the lumber industry on the continent, there are also great stretches which are most splendidly adapted to farming and particularly to wheat raising, so that Washington has come to be known as one of the great wheat producing states of the Union. Among those who in following farming have devoted their attention to wheat culture in Walla Walla county is P. B. Dowling, who in 1887 arrived in this section of the state and who is now the owner of one hundred and forty acres of land, constituting one of the best farms in the Walla Walla valley. He was born in Springfield, Illinois, March 14, 1860, and is a son of William and Margaret Dowling, who were natives of Ireland. They came to America in early life and established their home in Illinois, but afterward both returned to Ireland and their last days were spent in that country.

P. B. Dowling was accordingly reared and educated in Ireland, where he had good opportunities for developing his intellectual powers, being given a college education. He was graduated from the London Veterinary College and engaged in the practice of his chosen profession with success for a number of years. In 1886, however, he determined to return to his native land and crossed the Atlantic to America, first establishing his home in De Kalb county, Illinois. He came to the northwest with W. L. Elwood, a well known importer of horses, and in 1887 brought the first carload of Percheron horses that was shipped into the valley. He afterward purchased the farm whereon he now resides, comprising one hundred and forty acres of very rich and productive farm land, upon which he has placed many modern improvements. Here he has lived continuously since and has long been numbered among the representative and successful agriculturists of this part of the state.

In 1890 Mr. Dowling was united in marriage to Miss Katherine Rourke, who was born and reared upon the farm where Mr. Dowling now resides. The wife passed away, however, in 1903, and was laid to rest in Mountain View cemetery. She left a husband, two brothers and three sisters to mourn her loss and there were many friends who deeply regretted her passing.

Mr. Dowling gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is thoroughly informed concerning the questions and issues of the day. He is a self-made man who owes his business advancement entirely to his own efforts. He is recognized as one of the prominent men of the valley, being forceful and resourceful in his business connections, while in matters of citizenship he stands with patriotic loyalty for all that tends to advance the welfare and progress of this section of the state.

HENRY A. KAUSCHE.

Henry A. Kausche devoted his active life to farming in Garfield county but at the time of his death was living retired in Pomeroy. His birth occurred in Germany, February 16, 1839, and he was a son of Christopherson and Hannah Kausche, who were born in Germany and there remained for a number of years after their marriage. In 1851, however, they came to America and for a short time lived in New York. They then removed to Michigan, which remained their home for more than twenty years. At length they came to Washington to make their home with their son, Henry A., and both passed away in Garfield county. All of their three children are likewise deceased.

Henry A. Kausche received the greater part of his education in Germany, as he was twelve years of age when brought by his parents to the United States. He grew to manhood in Michigan and lived there for five years after his marriage. At the end of that time he went to Johnson county, Missouri, but after residing there for six years cast in his lot with the Pacific northwest, settling in Linn county, Oregon. Some time later, in 1878, he came to Garfield county, Washington, and took up a claim. He resided upon that place continuously until 1902 and as the years passed he brought his farm to a high state of development. He extended its boundaries by purchase, becoming the owner of eight hundred acres, from which he derived a gratifying income. In 1902, feeling that he had earned a period of leisure, he retired and removed to Pomeroy, where he passed away July 4, 1903.

Mr. Kausche was married June 8, 1865, to Miss Paulina Lohrbert, who was born in Ohio and is a daughter of Frederick and Katherine (Rock) Lohrbert. The father was born in Germany but in young manhood came to the United States and took up his residence in Ohio, of which state his wife was a native, and there their marriage occurred. In 1860 they removed to Michigan, where they lived until called by death. All of their five children still survive. To Mr. and Mrs. Kausche were born eleven children, of whom five are living, namely: Laura, the wife of Andrew J. Brown, of Spokane, Washington; Evelyn, who married Leo McMullen and now resides in Canada; Ida A., the wife of George McCarty; Alvina, the wife of Henry Freeborn; and Charles A., who is operating the homestead.

Mr. Kausche was a democrat in politics and felt the concern of a good citizen for the public welfare but was never an aspirant for office. His life was a busy and useful one and his labors were felt as a factor in the agricultural development of Garfield county. He had made many friends and his demise was the occasion of deep regret.

ROBERT KENNEDY.

In the great wheat growing belt of eastern Washington lies the farm of Robert Kennedy, his place being situated on section 15, township 7 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county. It is a valuable tract of land of nine hundred and twenty acres, all of which has been brought under a high state of cultivation and annually the great wheat yield returns to him a most gratifying income. Mr. Kennedy still gives supervision to the work, of the place although he has now passed the eighty-seventh milestone on life's journey. He was born in Rush county, Indiana, June 20, 1830, a son of John and Margaret Kennedy, both of whom were natives of Tennessee. Removing northward to Indiana, they resided in that state for a time and later became residents of Shelby county, Illinois, where both passed away.

Robert Kennedy started out in life on his own account when a youth of but fourteen years and in 1851, when twenty-one years of age, he crossed the plains to the Pacific coast, attracted by the opportunities of the great and growing west. He made his way to Oregon, where he settled on a farm and continued a resident of that place for eight years. In 1859 he arrived in Walla Walla county and settled on Dry creek, where he has since made his home. As the years have passed he has added to his possessions, his industry and determination bringing to him larger resources. His investments in farm property have made him the owner of nine hundred and twenty acres of valuable wheat land and upon his place are many substantial improvements. His farm presents a very neat and thrifty appearance and is supplied with all modern conveniences.

Mr. Kennedy has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Anna Smith and they became the parents of three children of whom only one is now living, L. L. Kennedy, a resident farmer of Oregon. The wife and mother passed away in 1876 and in 1879 Mr. Kennedy was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Margaret (Jackson) Dennison. Mrs. Kennedy is a cousin of William Dennison, who was governor of Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy have been born seven children: Rebecca, the deceased wife of Professor R. E. Stafford; Martha, the wife of John Connell; Robert P.; Edna; William B.; B. H.; and Edith May, who has passed away.

In his political views Mr. Kennedy is a republican, having supported the party since its organization. He has served on the school board and the cause of public education finds in him an earnest advocate. Fraternally he is connected with the Masons, although of late years he has not been active in lodge work. He and his wife are active and consistent members of the Christian church and Mrs. Kennedy is now the oldest member of the church at Walla Walla. Their lives have been guided by its teachings and their many excellent traits of character have won for them the warm regard and high esteem of all who know them. Mr. Kennedy is one of the venerable citizens of Walla Walla county and can look back upon the past without regret and forward to the future without fear, for his has ever been an honorable life. Fifty-six years have come and gone since he arrived in the west and therefore he has been a witness of the greater part of its growth and progress.

E. H. LEONARD.

E. H. Leonard, who has long been known as a prominent representative of milling interests in the northwest, is now the vice president of the Preston-Shaffer Milling Company and active manager of its mill at Waitsburg. He was born in Walla Walla, May 16, 1873, and is a son of Thomas S. and Sarilda R. (Herren) Leonard. The father was a native of the state of New York, and the mother of Oregon having been one of the first white children born in that state. The date of the father's birth was April 25, 1840. He acquired a good education in the schools of that early period and in 1860 removed westward to Illinois, where for three years he engaged in teaching school, spending a part of the time also in Iowa. In 1863 he enlisted in the government service, being made a member of an organization for the purpose of rendering assistance and guidance to emigrant trains crossing the plains. On reaching the Boise river his train, feeling in comparative safety, disbanded and Mr. Leonard continued his journey to the coast, arriving in Portland, Oregon, late in November, 1863, when that now populous and progressive city was a town of but three thousand inhabitants. He afterward drifted to various points in the northwest and subsequently again took up educational work, teaching in the vicinity of Salem, Oregon, where he remained until about 1871. In the fall of that year he came to Walla Walla and in the spring of 1872 he removed to Dayton, where he has since resided. In the fall of that year he and his wife took charge of the Dayton school and in the spring of 1873 removed to a government land claim. In 1876 Mr. Leonard assisted in the organization of Columbia county and was elected the first county superintendent of schools. On the expiration of his term in that office he returned to the homestead and has since been engaged in farming. He has taken an active and important part in promoting the development of county and state along material and intellectual lines and has left the impress of his individuality for good upon the history of the community. In 1868 Mr. Leonard was united in marriage to Miss Sarilda R. Herren, a daughter of John and Docia (Robbins) Herren, who crossed the plains from Kentucky to Oregon in 1845. They settled near Salem, among the very early pioneers of that section. On her mother's side Mrs. Leonard comes of a family represented in the Revolutionary war, her great-grandfather, William Robbins, having been a participant in that struggle which led to the attainment of American independence. T. S. Leonard is one of the prominent citizens of Dayton and has for many years taken a prominent and helpful part in the development of Columbia county.

E. H. Leonard was reared to farm life and his education has been practically self acquired. He worked in his father's fields until his twenty-fifth year and in 1898 he became connected with milling operations as an employe of the North Pacific Flour Mills Company at Prescott. In March, 1900, he was made foreman of the mills and in July of the same year, when the mills were acquired by the Portland Flouring Mills Company, Mr. Leonard was made manager, which position he continued to fill until 1904. In that year he was advanced to the position of district manager with the Portland Flouring Mills Company and in that connection had supervision over the mills of Dayton and Prescott and later also of Walla Walla. He continued in that capacity until January 1, 1916, at which time, having acquired an interest in the Preston-Shaffer Milling Company at Waitsburg, he was made assistant manager and removed to Waitsburg. This company also owns mills at Athena, Oregon. At the first meeting of the directors after his removal to Waitsburg, Mr. Leonard was elected to the vice presidency of the company in recognition of his marked ability and his long experience in the milling business. There is no phase of flour manufacture with which he is not familiar and in the operation of the plants of the Preston-Shaffer Company he utilizes the latest improved machinery and the most modern processes, displaying marked enterprise in the control of the business. While thus extensively engaged in milling for nineteen years he has also continued his farming operations and now owns and operates two farms in Walla Walla county, comprising twenty-five hundred acres. He has thus become one of the prominent wheat growers of the Inland Empire. Either one of his business connections are sufficiently extensive and important to rank him with the representative business men of this section of the country. He is both forceful and resourceful and readily recognizes and utilizes opportunities which others pass heedlessly by. He is fortunate in that he possesses character and ability that awaken confidence in others and the simple weight of his character and his ability have carried him into important relations.

In November, 1900, occurred the marriage of Mr. Leonard and Miss Minnie Belle Lieuallen, of Portland, Oregon, and they have become the parents of three children: Mineta Belle, who is attending high school; Edgar Hugh, a student in the graded schools; and Joanna Jeanne.

Mr. Leonard is a republican in his political views and fraternally is connected with Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, A. F. & A. M.; Dayton Chapter, No. 5, R. A. M.; and Walla Walla Commandery, No. 1, K. T. He also has membership with El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane, and belongs to Whetstone Lodge, No. 157, K. of P., of Prescott. His record is an inspiring one, for out of a struggle with small opportunities he has come into a field of broad and active influence and usefulness. Quick discernment and the faculty of separating the important features of any subject from its incidental or accidental circumstances have been strong phases in his career. His business has ever balanced up with the principles of truth and honor. He has ever been possessed of sufficient courage to venture where favoring opportunity is presented and his judgment and even-paced energy have carried him forward to the goal of success. His quietude of deportment, his frankness and cordiality of address, with the total absence of anything sinister or anything to conceal, foretoken a man who is ready to meet any obligation of life with the confidence and courage that come of conscious personal ability, right conception of things and an habitual regard for what is best in the exercise of human activity.

JOHN F. BREWER.

Twelve years have passed since John F. Brewer was called to his final rest, but his memory is cherished by many who knew him, as he stood as a high type of manhood and citizenship and was devoted to the welfare and progress not only of his family but of the community in which he lived. He was born in Scotland county, Missouri, November 9, 1842, a son of David and Susan (Small) Brewer, who crossed the plains with an ox team in 1853, reaching Salem, Oregon, where they established their home. Their son, John F., was then a little lad of ten years and he completed his public school training in Salem, while later he pursued a course of study in Sublimity College, some fourteen miles from Salem. He then took up the profession of teaching, which he followed in the public schools for many years, imparting readily and clearly to others the knowledge that he had acquired. In 1872 he removed to the Walla Walla valley, where he engaged in farming. His agricultural interests were carefully and successfully conducted and for many years he concentrated his efforts and attention upon the development of the fields. At length, however, he left the farm and removed to Walla Walla, building a handsome home on Boyer avenue. In 1876 he purchased a large tract of land east of the city and became one of the leading and extensive farmers of Walla Walla county. In 1890 he removed to Seattle, where he platted a tract of land which he called the Walla Walla addition but in this enterprise he was not successful and returned to Walla Walla, where his investments were judiciously made, his business affairs capably managed and his enterprise brought to him a very gratifying and substantial measure of success.

In March, 1872, Mr. Brewer was united in marriage to Miss Adora D. Stanton, a native of Oregon and a daughter of Benjamin and Matilda (Baldwin) Stanton. Her parents were natives of Kentucky and crossed the plains by wagon in 1852, settling near Salem, Oregon. They had a family of eleven children, of whom seven are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Brewer became the parents of nine children, namely: John, who is manager of the Commercial Club at The Dalles, Oregon, but is now in the government service at Portland Oregon; Merton, a practicing attorney at Auburn, Washington; Ada, who has passed away; Frank, living in Walla Walla county; Maud, the wife of Charles Ulm, of Ritzville; Bertha, who is the widow of Eugene Dunbar and now lives in Anchorage, Alaska; Dora, who is the wife of Fred Snedecor, of Corona, California; Roy, who is a sergeant in the United States army with the First Illinois Infantry; and Luella, the wife of Frank Harlow, of Los Angeles, California.

Mrs. Brewer owns a fine residence on Boyer avenue in Walla Walla, where she resides, and in addition she has five hundred and twenty acres of valuable wheat land near the city and another tract of eight hundred acres in Franklin county. She is an active and prominent member of the Sunshine Club and is also connected with the Eastern Star and church organizations. Mr. Brewer left his family in very comfortable financial circumstances when death called him on the 21st of February, 1905. He was one of the valued and respected citizens of this section of the country. He took an active part in the development of Walla Walla county and never withheld his support from any enterprise that he believed would prove beneficial in any way. He was intensely patriotic and he stood for all that was progressive in relation to public affairs. He served for several terms as alderman of his city and at the time of his death was filling the position of councilman for his ward. To him belongs the honor of being the father of the paid fire department of Walla Walla, which has proven successful and satisfactory even beyond his confident predictions. Fraternally he was connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias. the ancient Order of United Workmen and the Royal Arcanum, while his religious faith was indicated by his membership in the First Presbyterian church.

His home paper, in writing of his death, said: "In the death of John Brewer, Walla Walla loses one of her best and most progressive citizens. No citizen of the town had more warm personal friends, and his demise has brought sadness to many a home. As private citizen and public official he always strove to do his full duty. He endeavored to be just to all men and he spoke ill of no one. He was broad-minded and conservative, generous and public spirited. It would be hard to find a man in the community with fewer faults and more virtues. His home life was ideal and it is no wonder that those nearest and dearest to him find it so hard to reconcile themselves to the loss of a kind and loving husband and father."

"I cannot say and will not say That he is dead, he is just away; He has wandered into an unknown land With a cheery smile and a wave of the hand; And left us dreaming how very fair It needs must be, since he lingers there."

VICTOR E. SIEBERT.

Victor E. Siebert is a member of the firm of Osterman & Siebert, known as Walla Walla's foremost architects, in which connection he has developed skill of the highest degree, and his patronage is indicative of the high order of his work. He is a native son of Walla Walla, born October 3, 1884, his parents being Chris and Minnie (Nahen) Siebert, the former a native of Berlin, Germany, while the latter was born in Red Bluff, California. The father was reared to manhood and pursued his education in his native country and served throughout the Franco-Prussian war. Following that conflict, in 1875, he came to the United States, making his way to Oconto, Wisconsin, but after a brief period there passed he removed westward to Washington, establishing his home in Asotin county, where he took up a homestead claim and lived for a few years. He later removed to Walla Walla county and purchased a farm six or eight miles east of the city of Walla Walla, on which he resided for some time. He next removed to the city, where he now makes his home. He is still active in farming in a small way but in a measure has put aside the arduous duties of life.

Victor E. Siebert, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the Baker school of Walla Walla and when eighteen years of age he began the study of architecture in the office of Henry Osterman, with whom he thus remained for three years. He then went east to complete his education and entered the Boston Technical School in the fall of 1906. There he pursued a special course in architecture, attending the institution for four years. After completing his studies he entered into partnership with Peter F. McLaughlin and established business in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, under the firm style of McLaughlin & Siebert. This relationship existed for two and a half years, at the end of which time the partnership was dissolved and in the fall of 1912 Mr. Siebert returned to Walla Walla and entered into partnership relations with Mr. Osterman, his former preceptor. They are well known architects of this city, the firm of Osterman & Siebert occupying a very creditable and enviable position in professional circles. Many of the most important buildings of the northwest have been designed and erected by them and stand as monuments of their skill, their enterprise and business ability.

In 1910 Mr. Siebert was united in marriage to Miss Mary Hoelzel, of Adams, Massachusetts, and they have become the parents of two children, Henry and Gretchen. Mr. Siebert is a consistent member of Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M., and also belongs to Columbus Council of the Knights of Kadosh, No. 6, of Walla Walla, and to Oriental Consistory, No. 2, A. & A. S. R. He is also connected with El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane. His political allegiance is given to the republican party. He belongs to the Walla Walla Commercial Club and is one of the city's representative men, his aid and influence being always given on the side of progress and advancement, reform and improvement. He and his wife are members of the Christian Science church and their genuine personal worth has gained for them a circle of friends almost coextensive with the circle of their acquaintance. Thorough preliminary training has constituted the basis of Mr. Siebert's success in a professional way and fidelity to the highest standards of business has actuated him at every point in his career. The northwest is fortunate in having his services in connection with its important growth and development and Walla Walla is proud to number him among her citizens.

WILLIAM T. LANE.

William T. Lane is a Civil war veteran and a retired farmer who is now living in Starbuck. He was born in Tennessee, December 27, 1841, and is a son of Tidence and Rebecca (Huhn) Lane, who were natives of Tennessee. The father was killed in that state by a falling tree. The mother afterward removed to Missouri, where her last days were passed. They had a family of three children but William T. is the only one now living.

Through the period of his boyhood and youth William T. Lane remained a resident of Tennessee but in 1865, when twenty-four years of age, went to Missouri and established his home in Johnson county. In 1880 he came to Columbia county, where he rented a farm for two years and later he invested his savings in land, becoming owner of a place four miles south of Starbuck, comprising four hundred acres. He occupied that farm for twenty years, devoting his time and energies to its further development and improvement with the result that he converted it into a most valuable and productive agricultural property. At length he sold the place and settled in Starbuck, where he now resides, and through the intervening period he has lived retired, enjoying a well earned rest.

In 1870 Mr. Lane was united in marriage to Miss Nettie Oliphant, a native of Missouri, and they became the parents of seven children: Nancy E., who is the wife of C. A. Gregory; Hattie E., who is the wife of W. E. Phillips; and five who have passed away. The wife and mother died in December, 1908, and was laid to rest in the Starbuck cemetery. She left a husband and two daughters to mourn her Loss. She was devoted to the welfare of her family and had many excellent traits of character which endeared her to all with whom she was brought in contact.

Mr. Lane is a member of the Christian church. He is a veteran of the Civil war, having enlisted in 1861 as a member of Company C, Sixty-first Tennessee Regiment. He was paroled at Vicksburg and came out without a scratch although he had taken part in several hotly contested battles. His life has been a busy and useful one, largely devoted to farming interests, and by unfaltering industry and determination he has advanced steadily on the highroad to success. He is one of the leading men of the valley in which he resides and is enjoying a prosperity which is the merited reward of his labors.

J. W. CLODIUS.

J. W. Clodius is a well known representative of farming interests in Walla Walla county, where he is now engaged in the cultivation of thirteen hundred acres of land. He makes his home on section 34, township 9 north, range 37 east, and his well directed energy and careful management are bringing to him substantial success. He was born April 28, 1889, in the county where he yet resides, his parents being Hans F. and Catherine (Rhode) Clodius, who came to Walla Walla county in 1881. They were both natives of Germany, where they were reared and married, and about 1870 they crossed the Atlantic to the United States, settling in Illinois, where they remained until they came to Washington. On removing to the northwest they established their home in Walla Walla county and the father acquired land from time to time until he owned thirteen hundred acres. He settled on Mill creek and about 1897 removed to the home farm, upon which his son, J. W. Clodius, now resides. There he continued to live until 1913, when he put aside the active work of the fields and removed to Waitsburg, where he is now located. He is numbered among the honored and valued pioneer settlers of his section of the state and made for himself a creditable record in business circles, for through his individual effort, persistency of purpose and honorable dealing he gained a most substantial competence.

J. W. Clodius acquired a public school education and through the period of his boyhood and youth remained at home, assisting his father in the operation of the farm. Upon the latter's removal to Waitsburg he then took charge of the home property and is now engaged in cultivating thirteen hundred acres of rich land. He is thus numbered among the leading agriculturists of the community. The methods which he pursues are most practical and progressive. He is systematic and methodical in all that he does, he employs the latest improved machinery to facilitate the work of the fields and by energy and persistency of purpose is winning success.

On the 8th of November, 1911, Mr. Clodius was united in marriage to Miss Ina Mary Harkins, of Waitsburg, a daughter of James Harkins, who is now deceased. Her mother, who bore the maiden name of Anna Elizabeth Harris, is now living on a farm in Bolles Junction. She was born, reared and married in Illinois, though her husband was a native of Davenport, Iowa. Shortly after their marriage they came west and located in Lane county, Oregon, where they remained until 1898 and then removed to Waitsburg, Washington, where the death of Mr. Harkins occurred. In their family were eight children, seven of whom are still living. Both Mr. and Mrs. Harkins held membership in the Christian church. Mr. and Mrs. Clodius have become the parents of two children, Emory W. and Brenda M.

Fraternally Mr. Clodius is connected with Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. In politics he maintains an independent course, voting according to the dictates of his judgment. He is yet a comparatively young man but has made for himself a most creditable position in agricultural circles and the extent and importance of his farming interests are indicative of his business ability.

THEODORE GROTE.

Theodore Grote, one of the foremost farmers of Columbia county, Washington, owning ten thousand acres of fine wheat and pasture land, was born in Germany, July 5, 1881, a son of John and Anna (Dryer) Grote, also natives of that country. In 1882 they emigrated to America with their family and took up their residence in Ohio, whence three years later they removed to Kansas. They resided in that state for three years and then came to Washington, first locating in Whitman county. In 1893, however, they removed to Walla Walla county, and there the father passed away in 1915, while the mother survives.

Theodore Grote, who is one of a family of five children, was brought to Washington when a child and in the acquirement of his education attended the common schools. In 1897 he began farming in partnership with his father and brothers, operating eighteen hundred acres of leased land. He devoted six years to that work and then removed to Canada, where for a year he was in the sheep business. He then returned to Walla Walla and purchased fifty-five hundred acres of land and leased six thousand acres. Four years later he sold his property to his brother Ben, but after a period of two years he again purchased land, becoming the owner of a valuable tract in Columbia County on