CHAPTER X. Economic and Technical

ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL

A. LICHENS AS FOOD 395 a. Food for insects b. Insect mimicry of lichens c. Food for the higher animals d. Food for man

B. LICHENS AS MEDICINE 405 a. Ancient remedies b. Doctrine of “signatures” c. Cure for hydrophobia d. Popular remedies

C. LICHENS AS POISONS 410

D. LICHENS USED IN TANNING, BREWING AND DISTILLING 411

E. DYEING PROPERTIES OF LICHENS 411 a. Lichens as dye-plants b. The orchil lichen, Roccella c. Purple dyes: orchil, cudbear and litmus d. Other orchil lichens e. Preparation of orchil f. Brown and yellow dyes g. Collecting of dye-lichens h. Lichen colours and spectrum characters

F. LICHENS IN PERFUMERY 418 a. Lichens as perfumes b. Lichens as hair-powder

G. SOME MINOR USES OF LICHENS 420