Part 17

G Galen, 52, 53 Galileo, Galilei, 134, 141, 160 Genoa, 143 Geocentric theory, see Ptolemaic theory Geography, 18, 19 Geology, 103, 104 Geometry, 91, 134 Georg, 131, 133, 140, 143, 145 Geotropism, 79 Germany, 47, 69 Ghirlandaio, Domenico di Tommaso del, 33 Giocondo, Francesco del, 98 Giovanni “the Piper,” 100 Gonzaga, Francesco, 86 Gothic tradition, 50 Gravity, 140, 141 Greeks, the, 69 Guido, 23 Guild, 19

H Hadrian, Emperor, 130 Harvey, William, 126, 160 Heavens, observation of, 80 Heliocentric theory, 48, 81 Heliotropism, 79 Highmore, 53 Hippocrates, 52 Holy Roman Empire, 9 Hooke, Robert, 141 Horse, anatomy of the, 41 Hydraulic pump, 74, 122, 123 Hydraulics, 14 Hydrodynamics, 141 Hygrometer, 30, 31

I Imola, 95, 96 Inclination gauge, 66, 67 India, 18 Introduction to Perspective, or the Function of the Eye, 58 Inventions, 25-27, 38-40 Irradiation, 55 Irrigation, 101 Isabella of Aragon, 51 Isonzo river, 88 Istanbul, see Constantinople

J Johannes, 133, 143, 145 Judas, 74, 77, 78

K King Charles VIII, 67-69, 78, 82, 120, 148

L Lake Como, 125 Lamps, 59 Lanfredini, Francesca, 2, 7 “Last Supper,” 30, 72, 74, 77, 92, 99, 138 League of Cambria, 124 Leghorn, 100 Leibig, 41 Leonardo da Vinci, and the Church, 18, 48, 104, 145 birth of, 2 death of, 157 early years of, 1-8 illness of, 142, 150 moves to Florence, 10 notebooks of, 25, 29, 140, 152, 159, 160 Levite, 118 Light and Shade, 54 Lighting, 59 Lilienthal, Otto, 100 Livoli river, 139 Loches, 92 Loire river, 147, 149, 152 Lombardy, 37, 62, 78, 82, 83, 121,148 Louis XII (of Orleans), 78, 82, 92, 94, 114, 116, 119, 124, 142, 157 Louvre, the, 44 Lucullus, 130 Lyons, 152 Lyre, silver, 34, 35

M Machiavelli, Niccolò, 96, 100, 102, 106, 109 Machine gun, 27 Machinery, improvement of, 16 Madonna Lisa, see Mona Lisa Malaria, 139 Mandeville, Sir John, 103 Manenti, 88 Mantua, 84, 86, 87 Mapmaking, 19, 93, 95, 96, 100, 101 Martelli, Piero, 118 Martini, Francesco di Giorgio, 58 Martino river, 139 Mathurine, 156, 157 Maximilian I, 64 Medici, Giovanni de’, 130 Medici, Giuliano de’, 21, 130, 132, 138-146 Medici, Lorenzo de’, 16, 21, 26, 27, 29, 35, 39, 127, 130, 132, 146, 153 Medici, Piero de’, 10, 16 Medicis, the, 10, 21, 23, 26, 27, 33, 34, 68, 130, 131, 140, 142, 146 Melzi, Francesco de’, 117, 128, 130, 140, 142, 145, 150, 155, 157, 158 Michelangelo, 106, 107, 113, 131, 137, 144, 145 Middle Ages, 81, 104 Migliorotti, Atalante, 35-38, 87 Milan, 9, 33-48, 60, 64, 68, 78, 82, 83, 85, 95, 114-128, 143, 144 Milan cathedral, 50 Military, defenses, 88, 89 machines, 25-27, 33, 38-40 Millstones, 75 Mitre valve, 123 Mirrors, 133 “Mona Lisa,” 99, 103 Monferrato, 62 Monte Albano, 1, 2, 5 Monte Cecero, 113 Montorfano, 72 Muscles, 109, 119 Music, 34, 35

N Naples, 9, 27, 68, 69 Needle sharpener, 75 Netherlands, the, 95 Newton, Isaac, 24, 56, 123, 141, 160 Newton’s First Law of Motion, 123 Newton’s law of gravitation, 83 Notes, 14 Novara, battle of, 92

O Odometer, 69 Oggionno, Marco d’, 58 Orient, the, 89 Ornithopter, 111, 112

P Pacioli, Fra Luca, 76, 77, 80, 84, 86-91, 133 Padua, 125 Painting, 4-7, 29-32, 43, 44, 71, 72, 91, 99, 105, 110, 112 Palatine hill, 135 Palazzo della Signoria, 12, 21-25, 103 Palazzo Vecchio, 12 Parachute, 71 Paris, 44 Parma, 138 Pater, Walter, 161 Pavia, 51, 58, 125 Pazzi conspiracy, 21, 23, 25 Pazzi, Francesco de’, 23 Pera, 95 “Periscope,” the, 89 Perugia, 96 Perugino, Pietro, 13, 33, 107 Pesaro, 93 Peschiera, 124 Pharisee, 118 Philiberta, 142 Phyllotaxis, 79 Physics, 17 Piazzetta, the, 87 Pincio hill, 130 Piombino, 93, 139, 154 Pisa, 25, 100-102, 110 Pitti Palace, 31 Plague, see Bubonic plague Plants, study of, 79, 80 Platonic school, 54 Pliny, 23 Plutarch, 81 Pollaiuolo, 53 Ponte Vecchio, 31 Pontine marshes, 139, 154 Pope Alexander VI, 82, 92, 102 Pope Innocent VIII, 63 Pope Julius II, 124, 127, 128, 130, 131 Pope Leo X, 130-132, 139, 142-146, 153 Pope Sixtus IV, 21, 33 Porta del Popolo, 129 Porta Romana, 29 Porta Vercellina, 79, 115 Porto Cesanatico, 94 Portugal, 26 Predis, Bernardino de, 47 Predis, Giovanni Ambrogio de, 43, 44, 47, 56 Ptolemaic theory, 48 Ptolemy, 23, 54, 103

Q Queen Claude, 152

R Raphael, 107, 131, 137 Ravenna, battle of, 127 Red Book of the Painters of Florence, 19 Reflection, law of, 56 Renaissance, 89, 104, 125, 161 Riario, Girolamo, 21, 38 Rimini, 93 Rome, 9, 33, 47, 69, 128-146 Romorantin, 150, 152 Rosate, Ambrogio da, 63 Rumford, 56 Rustici, Giovanni, 118

S “St. Anne with the Virgin and Child,” 91, 92 St. Augustine, 42 Saint-Denis church, 157 St. Germain-en-Laye, 157 Saint-Hubert, chapel of, 153, 157 St. John, 118, 154 St. John the Baptist, 151 St. Luke, 19 St. Mary of the Virgin, 96 St. Peter’s, church of, 131 Salai, 86, 115 Salviati, Francesco, 21 San Bernardo, chapel of, 23 San Cristoforo, 157 San Donato a Scopeto, 29 San Lorenzo, 144, 145 San Marco, Little Square of, 87 Sanseverino, Galeazzo da, 82, 83 Sant’ Onofrio, hospital, 107 Santa Croce, church of, 107 Santa Maria delle Grazie, 71, 78 Santa Maria Novella, 107 Sanzio, Raffaello, see Raphael Savoy, 142 Scarlione, Bartolommeo degli, 43 Sculpture, 41, 49, 52-54, 58-64, 118 Sforza, Duke Gian Galeazzo, 51, 56, 68, 120 Sforza, Francesco, 41, 47, 49, 61, 64 Sforza, Francesco (child), 68 Sforza, Ludovico, 33-47, 51, 52, 56, 57, 60-72, 76-79, 82-84, 92, 115, 117, 120, 138, 146, 154 Sforza monument, 49-59, 61, 64, 120 Sforzas, the, 40, 56, 57, 71, 79, 83, 117, 120, 154 Shells, 62, 63 Signoria, the, 96, 100-106, 110, 114, 116 Sistine Chapel, 33, 132, 137 Soderini, Piero, 103, 106, 109, 114-116 Sologne, 154 Spain, 18, 69, 127, 139, 142, 143 Statics, 140 Steam, 41 Strabo, 23, 103, 104 Swiss, 127, 128, 143

T Ticino gate, 44 Torre, Marcantonio della, 125, 128 Toscanelli, Paolo del Pozzo, 18, 19, 42, 93 Touraine, 92 Trivulzio, Marshal Gian Giacomo, 120, 121, 125, 128, 143 Turks, the, 87-90, 94 Tuscany, 93 Tyrrhenian coast, 143

U Uffizi Gallery, 25, 32 University of Padua, 125 University of Pavia, 63 Urbino, 93

V Valentinois, Duke of, see Borgia, Cesare Valois, Marguerite de, 150 Vatican, the, 47, 130-145 Venice, 9, 69, 87-89, 124, 125, 127 Verrochio, Andrea del, 7, 12-19, 23, 118 Via Ghibellina, 90 Vigevano, 68, 75 Vinci, 2, 13 Vinci, da, Giuliano, 117 Vinci, da, Piero, 2-7, 10, 12, 90, 106, 117 “Virgin of the Rocks,” 44 Vitellozzo, 93 Vitruvius, 77

W Water, study of, 67, 101, 102, 121, 122 Watt, James, 160 Witelo, 58

Y Yugoslavia, 88

Transcriber’s Notes

—Silently corrected a few typos.

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by underscores.