Part 18

44(43) Fruit bodies several cm tall. Spores 15-19 × 8.5-11.5 × 11-13µm. Coprinus niveus - Cap small, 5-6mm at first. Spores 14-16 x 8-9 × 10-12.5µm. Coprinus latisporus

45(39) Basidia 3-spored. 46 - Basidia 4-spored. 47

46(45) Spores narrow, 8.5-11 × 5-6.2µm. Coprinus triplex - Spores broad, 9-10 x 6-6.5 × 6-7µm, slightly flattened in face view. Coprinus trisporus (These are possibly a single taxon).

47(45) Spores 7-8 × 4-4.5µm, perispore not visible in water or alkali mounts. Coprinus stercoreus (fig. 62) - Spores 9µm or more long. 48

48(47) Spores 9-11 × 5.5-6µm. Perisporal sac none or incomplete or indistinct. Coprinus foetidellus - Spores longer, 10.8-13.5 × 5.5-7µm, with distinct perispore with dark lines and inclusions. Distinctive smell of gas. Coprinus narcoticus (C. sclerotiger is found on straw/dung mixtures, and the smaller C. tuberosus on garden refuse etc.).

49(20) Spores not discoloured in conc. H2SO4. 50 - Spores discolouring in conc. H2SO4. Gills not spotted at maturity. 66

50(49) Cap cuticle cellular. Gills spotted at maturity. (More often on rich, 'dungy', soils. P. subbalteatus, with copper coloured cap, drying paler but retaining a dark marginal zone, occurs in gardens on mulch etc.). (Panaeolus) 51 - Cap cuticle filamentous. 56

51(50) Velar remnants very obvious, either as an appendiculate veil or as a distinct ring. 52 - Lacking all velar remnants. 54

52(51) Cap distinctly pigmented, with appendiculate veil. 53 - Cap pale coloured, smooth, semi-globate, soon cracking. Gills with marginal cystidia only. Panaeolus papilionaceus

53(52) Cap brown, smooth, sometimes viscid, not exceedingly wrinkled. Panaeolus campanulatus - Cap grey, olivaceous, even black, with contrasting white appendiculate veil. Panaeolus sphinctrinus

54(51) Cap with or without appendiculate veil, but always with distinct ring. Panaeolus semiovatus - Cap lacking veil. 55

55(54) Cap pinkish ochraceous to tawny-buff. Lacking facial cystidia. Panaeolus speciosus - Cap whitish or slightly yellowish. With facial cystidia. Panaeolus antillarum

56(50) Gills with facial cystidia often containing yellow amorphous material when seen in ammonia solution or deep blue with cotton blue. (Stropharia) 57 (Blue-green S. cyanea & S. aeruginosa often occur in rich garden soils). - Gills lacking facial cystidia. Never with yellowing cystidia in ammonia. (Psilocybe) 58 (Red-capped P. aurantia can be found on straw/mulch mixtures in gardens).

57(56) Cap sticky, semi-globate ± expanding at maturity. On raw dung. Stropharia semiglobata - Cap plano-convex, often broad with a central umbo, margin flaring with age. On dungy mixtures in gardens. Stropharia stercoraria

58(56) Stipe bluing, with ring. Spores ellipsoid, 11-14 × 6.5-7.5µm. Fruit body with mealy smell and taste. Psilocybe fimetaria - Stipe lacking distinct ring, or if with ring or ring zone 2-spored and/or stem not bluing. Fruit body without mealy smell and taste. 59

59(58) Stem always with distinct ring. Basidia 2-spored. Spores 15-20µm long. Psilocybe luteonitens - Stem with or without ring. Basidia 4-spored. If with ring, spores smaller. 60

60(59) With ring zone. 61 - Lacking velar remnants on stem, or only appendiculate teeth at cap margin. 62

61(60) Spores slightly angular/limoniform, 11-13(14) × 7-8µm. Often on sewage sludge. Psilocybe merdaria - Spores 13-14 × 7.5-8.5µm. Psilocybe moelleri

62(60) Spores 14-20 × 8-10µm. Psilocybe subcoprophila - Spores smaller. 63

63(62) Spores lentiform, angled, 6-8(8.5) × 4.5-5.5 × 3.75-4.5µm. Psilocybe bullacea (P. crobula, occasional on dung, differs in lacking purple colour in gills, and slightly smaller, ovoid, not angular, spores). - Spores larger. 64

64(63) Spores ellipsoid to slightly amygdaliform. Psilocybe merdicola - Spores lentiform, angular. 65

65(64) Spores 11-13(14) × 7-8(9)µm. see Psilocybe merdaria, 61 - Spores 12-15 × 8-9.5µm Psilocybe coprophila

66(49) Round cells on cap as a micaceous veil. (Re-examine gill face; if different sized basidia and facial cystidia separating the gills are present go to Coprinus at 21). Psathyrella sphaerocystis - Cap lacking veil, or if present then fibrillar. 67

67(66) White copious veil at margin or also covering cap centre. Spores 10-12 × 5.5-6µm. Psathyrella coprobia - Lacking copious veil. 68

68(67) With red edge to gill. Spores 12-13 × 6-6.5µm, with central germ pore. Psathyrella stercoraria - Lacking red gill edge. Spores with eccentric germ pore. Psathyrella coprophila (P. fimetaria differs in spore size; there are several members of the P. prona group which grow on soil/straw mixtures).

69(2) Fruit body club-shaped. Typhula setipes (fig. 65) (Clavaria acuta often grows on peaty soil in pots in greenhouses). - Fruit bodies effuse, resupinate 70

70(69) Fruit-body cobweb-like and greyish white. Basal hyphae 3-4.5µm wide. Spores sub-globose, 4.5µm diam. (Generally on old dung or straw/soil mixtures). Athelia coprophila (If with spiny spores 5-6µm diam., see the recently recorded Tomentellopsis echinospora). - Fruit-body with pores, white or flushed slightly ochraceous, brownish or greyish. (On clods of soil in dunged land). Cristella candidissima

71(1) Fruit body either a cup containing several 'eggs' or a single orange or yellowish gelatinous sphere. 72 - Fruit-body effuse, without distinct shape. 73