Part 3

16. Leaf width more than half the length, leaf flat, glands, if present on leaf-stem near leaf, dark wild plum (tree) 237 16. Leaf width less than half the length, tending to fold lengthwise, usually two bright red glands on leaf-stem near leaf dwarf plum 238

17. Leaf smooth or glossy, tip pointed, juice of stem milky bois d’arc or Osage orange 226 17. Leaf wooly on under side, especially when young, usually rather blunt at tip, juice of stem not milky wooly bumelia, chittam wood or gum elastic 272

18. Leaves either lobed or coarsely toothed 33 18. Leaves neither lobed nor coarsely toothed, sometimes doubly toothed 19

19. Leaf margin serrate or crenate or doubly toothed 20 19. Leaf margin smooth or wavy 47

20. Vines rattan 261 20. Not vines 21

21. Leaf margins doubly toothed (large and small teeth) 22 21. Leaf margins not doubly toothed 25

22. Leaves 3 to 7 inches long, twigs not corky winged 23 22. Leaves 1 to 3 inches long, twigs sometimes corky winged 24

23. Inner bark mucilaginous (“slippery” when chewed), leaves rough above, downy below red or slippery elm 220 23. Inner bark not mucilaginous, leaves rather smooth above and downy below white or American elm 221

24. Leaves 1 to 2½ inches long, rather blunt tips, flowers in fall cedar elm 222 24. Leaves 1½ to 3 inches long, tapering point, flowers in spring winged elm (rare) 223

25. Bark of trunk with warty or knotty projections rough-leaved hackberry 224 25. Bark of trunk without warty projections 26

26. Leaf length more than 4 times width peach 239 26. Leaf length less than 3 times width 27

27. Larger twigs with whitish cross-streaks, flowers and fruit in catkin-like racemes wild cherry (rare) 236 27. Twigs without whitish cross-streaks, flowers and fruits not in racemes 28

28. Lowest pair of primary leaf veins much longer than others New Jersey tea 260 28. Lowest pair of primary leaf veins not much, if any, longer than others 29

29. Leaf veins and midrib yellowish and prominent on under side, primary veins closely and evenly spaced Indian cherry 259 29. Leaf veins and midrib not yellowish, if prominent on under side not closely and evenly spaced 30

30. Leaves 3 to 5 inches long (rarely much larger), sometimes mitten-shaped or, on young shoots, intricately lobed, margins rather coarsely serrate or toothed red mulberry 227 30. Leaves 1 to 3½ inches long, margins finely serrate or crenate, not lobed 31

31. Leaves 1 to 2 inches long, margins crenate, veinlets not conspicuous, twigs pale gray swamp holly 253 31. Leaves 2 to 3½ inches long, margins serrate, veinlets netted and conspicuous below, twigs purplish or reddish 32

32. Width of leaves more than half their length, flat, glands on leaf-stem dark wild plum (tree) 237 32. Width of leaves less than half their length, tending to fold lengthwise, usually 2 bright red glands on leaf-stem near leaf dwarf plum 238

33. Lobed or coarsely toothed leaves on vines 34 33. Lobed or coarsely toothed leaves not on vines 38

34. Leaf margins smooth, though sometimes slightly lobed 35 34. Leaf margins deeply lobed or coarsely toothed or both 36

35. Leaves 2 to 4 inches long Carolina moonseed (sarsaparilla) 229 35. Leaves 4 to 10 inches long Canada moonseed (very rare) 230

36. Leaf surfaces not downy or wooly 37 36. At least lower leaf surfaces somewhat wooly grapes 266 and 267

37. Leaves mostly 3-divided or deeply lobed or cut, fleshy cow-itch vine 264 37. Leaves coarsely toothed, not divided or deeply lobed, grapelike except thin and smooth, or nearly smooth Cissus ampelopsis 265

38. Leaves as broad as long sycamore 231 38. Leaves not as broad as long 39

39. Leaves toothed, not tough, rough above, not broader toward tip, often lobed on young trees red mulberry 227 39. Leaves tough, not rough above, lobed or notched 40

40. Leaves regularly notched but not deeply lobed 44 40. Leaves deeply lobed or else broader toward tip, not regularly notched 41

41. Lobes few and shallow or sharp-pointed at tips 42 41. Lobes not sharp-pointed at tips 45

42. Lobes, if any, few and shallow and near tip, leaves decidedly broader toward tip 43 42. Leaves with several to many sharp-pointed lobes, some of them always fairly deep, variously shaped, (more than one species) red oaks 219

43. Leaves 4 to 10 inches long black jack oak 218 43. Leaves 2 to 3 inches long water oak, duck oak or pin oak 217