Part 47

Jewish philosophers, 17, 22, 23, 35, 40, 42

Jewish poetry, and Syrian, 80 future of, 50 subjects of, 24-25

Jewish poets, 49

Jewish race, the, liberality of, 33-34 morality of, 36 preservation of, 108-109 subjectivity of, 33, 353-354 versatility of, 79

Jewish scholars, 49

Jewish Sybil, the, 17-18

"Jewish Voltaire, The," Immanuel Romi, 219

Jewish wit, 354-356

Jews, academies of, 75, 79 and Columbus, 96 and commerce, 101-102 and Frederick the Great, 316-317 and the invention of printing, 38 and the national poetry of Germany, 87 and the Renaissance, 43-44, 74-75, 94-95, 223, 224 and troubadour poetry, 171-173 and Vasco da Gama, 96-97 as diplomats, 98-99 as economists, 103 as interpreters of Aristotle, 85 as linguists, 75 as literary mediators, 97-98 as physicians, 19, 37, 44, 45, 81-82, 86, 95, 97 as scientific mediators, 78 as teachers of Christians, 95, 98 as traders, 74-75 as translators, 44, 79, 86-87, 88, 89, 90, 91-92 as travellers, 37-38 as wood engravers, 102 characterized by Heine, 362-363, 365-366 defended by Reuchlin, 95 in Arabia, 256-257 in Holland, 46 in Italy, 45-46, 116 in Poland, 46, 286-288 in the modern drama, 235-237, 245 in the sciences, 102 of Germany, in the middle ages, 186 of Germany, poverty of, 319 of the eighteenth century, 294 relation of, to Arabs, 22 under Arabic influences, 78, 80 under Hellenic influences, 76 under Roman influences, 76, 77

João II, of Portugal, employs Jewish scholars, 96

Jochanan, compiler of the Jerusalem Talmud, 19, 114

Jochanan ben Zakkaï, rabbi, 18, 56-57, 228

John of Seville, mathematician, 91

Josefowicz brothers in Lithuania, 287-288

Joseph ben Jochanan, wife of, 119

Joseph del Medigo, scholar, 45

Joseph Ezobi, poet, 89

Joseph ibn Aknin, disciple of Maimonides, 155

Joseph ibn Nagdela, wife of, 117

Joseph ibn Sabara, satirist, 34, 214

Joseph ibn Verga, historian, 42

Joseph ibn Zaddik, philosopher, 35

Josephus, Flavius, historian, 13, 18, 44 at Rome, 232 quoted, 230

Joshua, astronomer, 77

Joshua, Samaritan book of, on the Ten Tribes, 252

Joshua ben Chananya, rabbi, 18

Joshua, Jacob, Talmudist, 47

Jost, Isaac Marcus, historian, 49, 321 on Zunz, 320