CHAPTER IV.. Professor At King’s College, London.--Life At Glenlair.

PROFESSOR AT KING’S COLLEGE, LONDON.--LIFE AT GLENLAIR.

In 1860 Forbes resigned the chair of Natural Philosophy at Edinburgh. Maxwell and Tait were candidates, and Tait was appointed. In the summer of the same year Maxwell obtained the vacant Professorship of Natural Philosophy at King’s College, London. This he held to 1865, and this period of his life is distinguished by the appearance of some of his most important papers. The work was arduous; the College course extended over nine months of the year; there were as well evening lectures to artisans as part of his regular duties. His life in London was useful to him in the opportunities it gave him for becoming personally acquainted with Faraday and others. He also renewed his intimacy with various Cambridge friends.

He was at the celebrated Oxford meeting of the British Association in 1860, where he exhibited his colour-box for mixing the colours of the spectrum. In 1859, at the meeting at Aberdeen, he had read to Section A his first paper on the “Dynamical Theory of Gases,” published in the Philosophical Magazine for January, 1860. The second part of the paper, dealing with the conduction of heat and other phenomena in a gas, was published in July, 1860, after the Oxford meeting.

A paper on the “Theory of Compound Colours” was communicated to the Royal Society by Professor Stokes in January, 1860. It contains the account of his colour-box in the form finally adopted (most of the important parts of the apparatus are still at the Cavendish Laboratory), and a number of observations by Mrs. Maxwell and himself, which will be more fully described later.

In November, 1860, he received for this work the Rumford medal of the Royal Society.

The next year, 1861, is of great importance in the history of electrical science. The British Association met at Manchester, and a Committee was appointed on Standards of Electrical Resistance. Maxwell was not a member. The committee reported at the Cambridge meeting in 1862, and were reappointed with extended duties. Maxwell’s name, among others, was added, and he took a prominent part in the deliberations of the committee, which, as their Report presented in 1863 states, came to the opinion, “after mature consideration, that the system of so-called absolute electrical units, based on purely mechanical measurements, is not only the best system yet proposed, but is the only one consistent with our present knowledge both of the relations existing between the various electrical phenomena and of the connection between these and the fundamental measurements of time, space, and mass.”