CHAPTER XXIII. On the Arctic Element in South Temperate Floras

ON THE ARCTIC ELEMENT IN SOUTH TEMPERATE FLORAS

European Species and Genera of Plants in the Southern Hemisphere--Aggressive Power of the Scandinavian Flora--Means by which Plants have Migrated from North to South--Newly Moved Soil as Affording Temporary Stations to Migrating Plants--Elevation and Depression of the Snow-line as Aiding the Migration of Plants--Changes of Climate Favourable to Migration--The Migration from North to South has been Long going on--Geological Changes as Aiding Migration--Proofs of Migration by way of the Andes--Proofs of Migration by way of the Himalayas and Southern Asia--Proofs of Migration by way of the African Highlands--Supposed Connection of South Africa and Australia--The Endemic Genera of Plants in New Zealand--The Absence of Southern Types from the Northern Hemisphere--Concluding Remarks on the New Zealand and South Temperate Floras

Pages 509-530