Illustrated History of Furniture: From the Earliest to the Present Time

Chapter I.

BIBLICAL REFERENCES: Solomon's House and Temple--Palace of Ahashuerus. ASSYRIAN FURNITURE: Nimrod's Palace--Mr. George Smith quoted. EGYPTIAN FURNITURE: Specimens in the British Museum--The Workman's Stool--Various articles of Domestic Furniture--Dr. Birch quoted. GREEK FURNITURE: The Bas Reliefs in the British Museum--The Chest of Cypselus--Laws and Customs of the Greeks--House of Alcibiades--Plutarch quoted. ROMAN FURNITURE: Position of Rome--The Roman House--Cicero's Table--Thyine Wood--Customs of wealthy Romans--Downfall of the Empire.

Chapter II.. Period of 1000 Years From Fall of Rome, a.d. 476, to Capture of

Period of 1000 years from Fall of Rome, A.D. 476, to Capture of Constantinople, 1453--The Crusades--Influence of Christianity--Chairs of St. Peter and Maximian at Rome, Ravenna and Venice--Edict of Leo III. prohibiting Image worship--The Rise of Venice--Charlemagne and his successors--The Chair of Dagobert--Byzantine character of Furniture--Norwegian carving--Russian and Scandinavian--The Anglo-Saxons--Sir Walter Scott quoted--Descriptions of Anglo-Saxon Houses and Customs--Art in Flemish Cities--Gothic Architecture--The Coronation Chair in Westminster Abbey--Penshurst--French Furniture in the 14th Century--Description of rooms--The South Kensington Museum--Transition from Gothic to Renaissance--German carved work: the Credence, the Buffet, and Dressoir.

Chapter III.

THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY: Leonardo da Vinci and Raffaele--Church of St. Peter, contemporary great artists--The Italian Palazzo--Methods of gilding, inlaying and mounting Furniture--Pietra-dura and other enrichments--Ruskin's criticism. THE RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE: Francois I. and the Chateau of Fontainebleau--Influence on Courtiers-Chairs of the time--Design of Cabinets--M.E. Bonnaffe on The Renaissance--Bedstead of Jeanne d'Albret--Deterioration of taste in time of Henry IV.--Louis XIII. Furniture--Brittany woodwork. THE RENAISSANCE IN THE NETHERLANDS: Influence of the House of Burgundy on Art--The Chimney-piece at Bruges, and other casts of specimens in South Kensington Museum. THE RENAISSANCE IN SPAIN: The resources of Spain in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries--Influence of Saracenic Art--High-backed leather chairs--The Carthusian Convent at Granada. THE RENAISSANCE IN GERMANY: Albrecht Dürer--Famous Steel Chair of Augsburg--German seventeenth century carving in St. Saviour's Hospital. THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND: Influence of Foreign Artists in the time of Henry VIII.--End of Feudalism--Hampton Court Palace--Linen pattern Panels--Woodwork in the Henry VII. Chapel at Westminster Abbey--Livery Cupboards at Hengrave--Harrison quoted--The "parler"--Alteration in English customs--Chairs of the sixteenth century--Coverings and Cushions of the time, extract from old Inventory--South Kensington Cabinet--Elizabethan Mirror at Goodrich Court--Shaw's "Ancient Furniture"--The Glastonbury Chair--Introduction of Frames into England--Characteristics of Native Woodwork--Famous Country Mansions--Alteration in design of Woodwork and Furniture--Panelled Rooms in South Kensington--The Charterhouse--Gray's Inn Hall and Middle Temple--The Hall of the Carpenters' Company--The Great Bed of Ware--Shakespeare's Chair--Penshurst Place.

Chapter IV.. English Home Life in the Reign of James I.--Sir Henry Wootton

English Home Life in the Reign of James I.--Sir Henry Wootton quoted--Inigo Jones and his work--Ford Castle--Chimney Pieces in South Kensington Museum--Table in the Carpenters' Hall--Hall of the Barbers' Company--The Charterhouse--Time of Charles I.--Furniture at Knole--Eagle House, Wimbledon--Mr. Charles Eastlake--Monuments at Canterbury and Westminster--Settles, Couches, and Chairs of the Stuart period--Sir Paul Pindar's House--Cromwellian Furniture--The Restoration--Indo-Portuguese Furniture--Hampton Court Palace--Evelyn's description--The Great Fire of London--Hall of the Brewers' Company--Oak Panelling of the time--Grinling Gibbons and his work--The Edict of Nantes--Silver Furniture at Knole--William III. and Dutch influence--Queen Anne--Sideboards, Bureaus, and Grandfather's Clocks--Furniture at Hampton Court.

Chapter V.. Chinese Furniture: Probable Source of Artistic Taste--Sir William

CHINESE FURNITURE: Probable source of artistic taste--Sir William Chambers quoted--Racinet's "Le Costume Historique"--Dutch influence--The South Kensington and the Duke of Edinburgh Collections--Processes of making Lacquer--Screens in the Kensington Museum. JAPANESE FURNITURE: Early History--Sir Rutherford Alcock and Lord Elgin--The Collection of the Shogun--Famous Collections--Action of the present Government of Japan--Special characteristics. INDIAN FURNITURE: Early European influence--Furniture of the Moguls--Racinet's Work--Bombay Furniture--Ivory Chairs and Table--Specimens in the India Museum. PERSIAN WOODWORK: Collection of Objets d'Art formed by Gen. Murdoch Smith, R.E.---Industrial Arts of the Persians--Arab influence--South Kensington specimens. SARACENIC WOODWORK: Oriental customs--Specimens in the South Kensington Museum of Arab Work--M. d'Aveune's Work.

Chapter VI.

PALACE OF VERSAILLES: "Grand" and "Petit Trianon"--The three Styles of Louis XIV., XV., and XVI.--Colbert and Lebrun--André Charles Boule and his Work--Carved and Gilt Furniture--The Regency and its Influence--Alteration in Condition of French Society--Watteau, Lancret, and Boucher. Louis XV. FURNITURE: Famous Ébenistes--Vernis Martin Furniture--Caffieri and Gouthière Mountings--Sêvres Porcelain introduced into Cabinets--Gobelins Tapestry--The "Bureau du Roi." LOUIS XVI. AND MARIE ANTOINETTE: The Queen's Influence--The Painters Chardin and Greuze--More simple Designs--Characteristic Ornaments of Louis XVI. Furniture--Riesener's Work--Gouthière's Mountings--Specimens in the Louvre--The Hamilton Palace Sale--French influence upon the design of Furniture in other countries--The Jones Collection--Extract from "The Times".

Chapter VII.. Chinese Style--Sir William Chambers--the Brothers Adams'

Chinese style--Sir William Chambers--The Brothers Adams' work--Pergolesi, Cipriani, and Angelica Kauffmann--Architects of the time--Wedgwood and Flaxman--Chippendale's Work and his Contemporaries--Chair in the Barbers' Hall--Lock, Shearer, Hepplewhite; Ince, Mayhew, Sheraton--Introduction of Satinwood and Mahogany--Gillows, of Lancaster and London--History of the Sideboard--The Dining Room--Furniture of the time.

Chapter VIII.. The French Revolution and First Empire--Influence on Design of

The French Revolution and First Empire--Influence on design of Napoleon's Campaigns--The Cabinet presented to Marie Louise--Dutch Furniture of the time--English Furniture--Sheraton's later work--Thomas Hope, architect--George Smith's designs--Fashion during the Regency--Gothic revival--Seddon's Furniture--Other Makers--Influence on design of the Restoration in France--Furniture of William IV. and early part of Queen Victoria's reign--Baroque and Rococo styles--The panelling of rooms, dado, and skirting--The Art Union--The Society of Arts--Sir Charles Barry and the new Palace of Westminster--Pugin's designs--Auction Prices of Furniture--Christie's--The London Club Houses--Steam--Different Trade Customs--Exhibitions in France and England--Harry Rogers' work--The Queen's cradle--State of Art in England during first part of present reign--Continental designs--Italian carving--Cabinet work--General remarks.

Chapter IX.. The Great Exhibition: Exhibitors and Contemporary Cabinet

THE GREAT EXHIBITION: Exhibitors and contemporary Cabinet Makers--Exhibition of 1862, London; 1867, Paris; and subsequently--Description of Illustrations--Fourdinois, Wright and Mansfield--The South Kensington Museum--Revival of Marquetry--Comparison of Present Day with that of a Hundred Years ago--Æstheticism--Traditions--Trades-Unionism--The Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society--Independence of Furniture--Present Fashions--Writers on Design--Modern Furniture in other Countries--Concluding Remarks.

APPENDIX.

List of Artists and Manufacturers of Furniture--Woods--Tapestry used for French Furniture--The processes of Gilding and Polishing--The Pianoforte.

Index.

List of Subscribers.

List of Illustrations.

Frontispiece--Dwelling Room of a French Chateau

Chapter I.

Vignette of Bas-relief--egyptian Seated, as Ornament to Initial Letter. Assyrian Bronze Throne and Footstool Chairs From Khorsabad and Xanthus and Assyrian Throne Repose of King Asshurbanipal Examples of Egyptian Furniture in the British Museum: Stool; Stand for a Vase; Head-rest or Pillow; Workman's Stool; Vase on a Stand; Folding Stool; Ebony Seat inlaid with ivory An Egyptian of High Rank Seated An Egyptian Banquet Chair with Captives as Supports, and an Ivory Box Bacchus and Attendants Visiting Icarus Greek Bedstead with a Table Greek Furniture Interior of an Ancient Roman House Roman State Chair Bronze Lamp and Stand Roman Scamnum or Bench Bisellium, or Seat for Two Persons Roman Couch, Generally of Bronze A Roman Study Roman Triclinium or Dining Room

Chapter II.. Vignette of Gothic Oak Armoire, As Ornament to Initial Letter

Vignette of Gothic Oak Armoire, as Ornament to Initial Letter Chair of St. Peter, Rome Dagobert Chair A Carved Norwegian Doorway Scandinavian Chair Cover of a Casket Carved in Whalebone Saxon House (IX. Century) Anglo-saxon Furniture of About the X. Century The Seat on the Daïs Saxon State Bed English Folding Chair (XIV. Century) Cradle of Henry V Coronation Chair, Westminster Abbey Chair in York Minster Two Chairs of the XV. Century Table at Penshurst Bedroom (XIV. Century) Carved Oak Bedstead and Chair The New Born Infant Portrait of Christine De Pisan State Banquet with Attendant Musicians (Two Woodcuts) A High-backed Chair (XV. Century) Medieval Bed and Bedroom A Scribe or Copyist Two German Chairs Carved Oak Buffet (French Gothic) Carved Oak Table Flemish Buffet A Tapestried Room A Carved Oak Seat Interior of Apothecary's Shop Court of the Ladies of Queen Anne of Brittany

Chapter III.. Vignette of the Caryatides Cabinet, As Ornament to Initial Letter

Vignette of the Caryatides Cabinet, as Ornament to Initial Letter Reproduction of Decoration by Raffaele Salon of M. Bonnaffé A Sixteenth Century Room Chair in Carved Walnut Venetian Centre Table Marriage Coffer in Carved Walnut Marriage Coffer Pair of Italian Carved Bellows Carved Italian Mirror Frame, XVI. Century A Sixteenth Century Coffre-fort Italian Coffer Italian Chairs Ebony Cabinet Venetian State Chair Ornamental Panelling in St. Vincent's Church, Rouen Chimney Piece (Fontainebleau) Carved Oak Panel (1577) Fac-Similes of Engraving On Wood Carved Oak Bedstead of Jeanne D'albret Carved Oak Cabinet (Lyons) Louis XIII. and His Court Decoration of a Salon in Louis XIII. Style An Ebony Armoire (Flemish Renaissance) A Barber's Shop (XVI. Century) A Flemish Citizen at Meals Sedan Chair of Charles V. Silver Table (Windsor Castle) Chair of Walnut or Chesnut Wood, Spanish, with Embossed Leather Wooden Coffer (XVI. Century) The Steel Chair (Longford Castle) German Carved Oak Buffet Carved Oak Chest Chair of Anna Boleyn Tudor Cabinet The Glastonbury Chair Carved Oak Elizabethan Bedstead Oak Wainscoting Dining Hall in the Charterhouse Screen in the Hall of Gray's Inn Carved Oak Panels (Carpenters' Hall) Part of an Elizabethan Staircase The Entrance Hall, Hardwick Hall Shakespeare's Chair The "Great Bed of Ware" The "Queen's Room," Penshurst Place Carved Oak Chimney Piece in Speke Hall

Chapter IV.. A Chair of Xvii. Century, As Ornament to Initial Letter

A Chair of XVII. Century, as Ornament to Initial Letter Oak Chimney Piece in Sir W. Raleigh's House Chimney Piece in Byfleet House "The King's Chamber," Ford Castle Centre Table (Carpenters' Hall) Carved Oak Chairs Oak Chimney Piece From Lime Street, City Oak Sideboard Seats at Knole Arm Chair, Knole The "Spangle" Bedroom, Knole Couch, Chair, and Single Chair (Penshurst Place) "Folding" and "Drawinge" Table Chairs, Stuart Period Chair Used by Charles I. During His Trial Two Carved Oak Chairs Settle of Carved Oak Staircase in General Treton's House Settee and Chair (Penshurst Place) Carved Ebony Chair Sedes Busbiana The Master's Chair in the Brewers' Hall Carved Oak "Livery" Cupboard Carved Oak Napkin Press Three Chairs From Hampton Court, Hardwick, and Knole Carved Oak Screen in Stationers' Hall Silver Furniture at Knole Three Chimney Pieces by James Gibbs

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