CHAPTER VIII.. Houses in Ruins of the Sedentary Indians of the San Juan River

HOUSES IN RUINS OF THE SEDENTARY INDIANS OF THE SAN JUAN RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES--(Continued.)

Ruins of stone pueblo on Animas River--Ground plan--Each room faced with stone, showing natural faces--Constructed like those in Chaco-- Adobe mortar--Its composition and efficiency--Lime unknown in New Mexico--Gypsum mortar probably used in New Mexico and Central America-- Cedar poles used as lintels--Cedar beams used as joists--Estufas; neither fire-places nor chimneys--The House a fortress--Second stone pueblo--Six other pueblos in ruins near--The Montezuma Valley--Nine pueblos in ruins in a cluster--Diagram--Ruins of stone pueblos near Ute Mountain--Outline of plan--Round tower of stone with three concentric walls--Incorporated in pueblo--Another round tower--With two concentric walls--Stands isolated--Other ruins--San Juan district as an original centre of this Indian culture-- Mound-Builders probable emigrants from this region--Historical tribes of Mexico emigrants from same--Indian migrations--Made under control of physical causes.