Part 1

Produced by Tom Cosmas compiled from images made available by The Internet Archive.

Transcriber Notes

Text emphasis displayed as Italics and =Bold=.

Issued July 31, 1911.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

FARMERS' BULLETIN 459.

HOUSE FLIES.

L. O. HOWARD, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology.

WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1911.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C, May 23, 1911.

Sir: I have the honor to transmit for publication a paper dealing with the subject of the house fly or typhoid fly. Previous publications of this department concerning this insect have been in circular form, but it is desired to make this information more widely available through the medium of a Farmers' Bulletin. With this intention this manuscript has been prepared, being modified and amplified from Circular No. 71 of this bureau, and I respectfully recommend its publication as a Farmers' Bulletin.

Respectfully,

L. O. Howard, Entomologist and Chief of Bureau.

Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture.

CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction 5

Life history of the true house fly 7

Carriage of disease 9

Remedies and preventives 10

Natural enemies 15

What cities and towns can do 15

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.

1. The common house fly (Musca domestica); Puparium, adult, larva, and details 5

2. The biting house fly (Stomoxys calcitrans): Adult, larva, puparium, and details 6

3. A stable fly (Muscina stabulans): Adult, larva, and details 7