Section 2. the Congress and the Several States Shall Have Concurrent

power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

SECTION 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

ARTICLE XIX

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES: 1920, 1910, 1900

+---------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | STATES | POPULATION | + +--------------+--------------+--------------+ | | 1920 | 1910 | 1900 | +---------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ |United States | 105,708,771 | 91,972,266 | 75,994,575 | +---------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ |Alabama | 2,348,174 | 2,138,093 | 1,828,697 | |Arizona | 333,903 | 204,354 | 122,931 | |Arkansas | 1,752,204 | 1,574,449 | 1,311,564 | |California | 3,426,861 | 2,377,549 | 1,485,053 | |Colorado | 939,629 | 799,024 | 539,700 | |Connecticut | 1,380,631 | 1,114,756 | 908,420 | |Delaware | 223,003 | 202,322 | 184,735 | |District of Columbia | 437,571 | 331,069 | 278,718 | |Florida | 968,470 | 752,619 | 528,542 | |Georgia | 2,895,832 | 2,609,121 | 2,216,331 | |Idaho | 431,866 | 325,594 | 161,772 | |Illinois | 6,485,280 | 5,638,591 | 4,821,550 | |Indiana | 2,930,390 | 2,700,876 | 2,516,462 | |Iowa | 2,404,021 | 2,224,771 | 2,231,853 | |Kansas | 1,769,257 | 1,690,949 | 1,470,495 | |Kentucky | 2,416,630 | 2,289,905 | 2,147,174 | |Louisiana | 1,798,509 | 1,656,388 | 1,381,625 | |Maine | 768,014 | 742,371 | 694,466 | |Maryland | 1,449,661 | 1,295,346 | 1,188,044 | |Massachusetts | 3,852,356 | 3,366,416 | 2,805,346 | |Michigan | 3,668,412 | 2,810,173 | 2,420,982 | |Minnesota | 2,387,125 | 2,075,708 | 1,751,394 | |Mississippi | 1,790,618 | 1,797,114 | 1,551,270 | |Missouri | 3,404,055 | 3,293,335 | 3,106,665 | |Montana | 548,889 | 376,053 | 243,329 | |Nebraska | 1,296,372 | 1,192,214 | 1,066,300 | |Nevada | 77,407 | 81,875 | 42,335 | |New Hampshire | 443,407 | 430,572 | 411,588 | |New Jersey | 3,155,900 | 2,537,167 | 1,883,669 | |New Mexico | 360,350 | 327,301 | 195,310 | |New York | 10,384,829 | 9,113,614 | 7,268,894 | |North Carolina | 2,559,123 | 2,206,287 | 1,893,810 | |North Dakota | 645,680 | 577,056 | 319,146 | |Ohio | 5,759,394 | 4,767,121 | 4,157,545 | |Oklahoma | 2,028,283 | 1,657,155 | 790,391 | |Oregon | 783,389 | 672,765 | 413,536 | |Pennsylvania | 8,720,017 | 7,665,111 | 6,302,115 | |Rhode Island | 604,397 | 542,610 | 428,556 | |South Carolina | 1,683,724 | 1,515,400 | 1,340,316 | |South Dakota | 636,547 | 583,888 | 401,570 | |Tennessee | 2,337,885 | 2,184,789 | 2,020,616 | |Texas | 4,663,228 | 3,896,542 | 3,048,710 | |Utah | 449,396 | 373,351 | 276,749 | |Vermont | 352,428 | 355,956 | 343,641 | |Virginia | 2,309,187 | 2,061,612 | 1,854,184 | |Washington | 1,356,621 | 1,141,990 | 518,103 | |West Virginia | 1,463,701 | 1,221,119 | 958,800 | |Wisconsin | 2,632,067 | 2,333,860 | 2,069,042 | |Wyoming | 194,402 | 145,965 | 92,531 | +---------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

FOOTNOTES:

Partly superseded by the 14th Amendment, p. 639.

See the 17th Amendment, p. 641.

Ibid., p. 641.

See the 16th Amendment, p. 640.

The following paragraph was in force only from 1788 to 1803.

Superseded by the 12th Amendment, p. 638.

See the 11th Amendment, p. 638.

First ten amendments proposed by Congress, Sept. 25, 1789. Proclaimed to be in force Dec. 15, 1791.

Proposed Sept. 5, 1794. Declared in force January 8, 1798.

Adopted in 1804.

Adopted in 1865.

Adopted in 1868.

Proposed February 27, 1869. Declared in force March 30, 1870.

Passed July, 1909; proclaimed February 25, 1913.

Passed May, 1912, in lieu of paragraph one, Section 3, Article I, of the Constitution and so much of paragraph two of the same Section as relates to the filling of vacancies; proclaimed May 31, 1913.

Ratified January 16, 1919.

Ratified August 26, 1920.

APPENDIX

TABLE OF PRESIDENTS

NAME STATE PARTY YEAR IN VICE-PRESIDENT OFFICE 1 George Washington Va. Fed. 1789-1797 John Adams 2 John Adams Mass. Fed. 1797-1801 Thomas Jefferson 3 Thomas Jefferson Va. Rep. 1801-1809 Aaron Burr George Clinton 4 James Madison Va. Rep. 1809-1817 George Clinton Elbridge Gerry 5 James Monroe Va. Rep. 1817-1825 Daniel D. Tompkins 6 John Q. Adams Mass. Rep. 1825-1829 John C. Calhoun 7 Andrew Jackson Tenn. Dem. 1829-1837 John C. Calhoun Martin Van Buren 8 Martin Van Buren N.Y. Dem. 1837-1841 Richard M. Johnson 9 Wm. H. Harrison Ohio Whig 1841-1841 John Tyler 10 John Tyler Va. Whig 1841-1845 11 James K. Polk Tenn. Dem. 1845-1849 George M. Dallas 12 Zachary Taylor La. Whig 1849-1850 Millard Fillmore 13 Millard Fillmore N.Y. Whig 1850-1853 14 Franklin Pierce N.H. Dem. 1853-1857 William R. King 15 James Buchanan Pa. Dem. 1857-1861 J.C. Breckinridge 16 Abraham Lincoln Ill. Rep. 1861-1865 Hannibal Hamlin Andrew Johnson 17 Andrew Johnson Tenn. Rep. 1865-1869 18 Ulysses S. Grant Ill. Rep. 1869-1877 Schuyler Colfax Henry Wilson 19 Rutherford B. Hayes Ohio Rep. 1877-1881 Wm. A. Wheeler 20 James A. Garfield Ohio Rep. 1881-1881 Chester A. Arthur 21 Chester A. Arthur N.Y. Rep. 1881-1885 22 Grover Cleveland N.Y. Dem. 1885-1889 Thomas A. Hendricks 23 Benjamin Harrison Ind. Rep. 1889-1893 Levi P. Morton 24 Grover Cleveland N.Y. Dem. 1893-1897 Adlai E. Stevenson 25 William McKinley Ohio Rep. 1897-1901 Garrett A. Hobart Theodore Roosevelt 26 Theodore RooseveltN.Y. Rep. 1901-1909 Chas. W. Fairbanks 27 William H. Taft Ohio Rep. 1909-1913 James S. Sherman 28 Woodrow Wilson N.J. Dem. 1913-1921 Thomas R. Marshall 29 Warren G. Harding Ohio Rep. 1921- Calvin Coolidge

FOOTNOTES:

Promoted from the vice-presidency on the death of the president.

POPULATION OF THE OUTLYING POSSESSIONS: 1920 AND 1910

----------------------------------------+--------------+--------------- AREA | 1920 | 1910 ----------------------------------------+--------------+--------------- United States with outlying possessions |117,857,509 | 101,146,530 +--------------+--------------- Continental United States |105,708,771 | 91,972,266 Outlying Possessions | 12,148,738 | 9,174,264 +--------------|--------------- Alaska | 54,899 | 64,356 American Samoa | 8,056 | 7,251 Guam | 13,275 | 11,806 Hawaii | 255,912 | 191,909 Panama Canal Zone | 22,858 | 62,810 Porto Rico | 1,299,809 | 1,118,012 Military and naval, etc., service | | abroad | 117,238 | 55,608 Philippine Islands |10,350,640| 7,635,426 Virgin Islands of the United States | 26,051| 27,086 ----------------------------------------+--------------+---------------

FOOTNOTES:

Population in 1912.

Population in 1918.

Population in 1903.

Population in 1917.

Population in 1911.

A TOPICAL SYLLABUS

As a result of a wholesome reaction against the purely chronological treatment of history, there is now a marked tendency in the direction of a purely topical handling of the subject. The topical method, however, may also be pushed too far. Each successive stage of any topic can be understood only in relation to the forces of the time. For that reason, the best results are reached when there is a combination of the chronological and the topical methods. It is therefore suggested that the teacher first follow the text closely and then review the subject with the aid of this topical syllabus. The references are to pages.

=Immigration=

I. Causes: religious (1-2, 4-11, 302), economic (12-17, 302-303), and political (302-303). II. Colonial immigration. 1. Diversified character: English, Scotch-Irish, Irish, Jews, Germans and other peoples (6-12). 2. Assimilation to an American type; influence of the land system (23-25, 411). 3. Enforced immigration: indentured servitude, slavery, etc. (13-17). III. Immigration between 1789-1890. 1. Nationalities: English, Irish, Germans, and Scandinavians (278, 302-303). 2. Relations to American life (432-433, 445). IV. Immigration and immigration questions after 1890. 1. Change in nationalities (410-411). 2. Changes in economic opportunities (411). 3. Problems of congestion and assimilation (410). 4. Relations to labor and illiteracy (582-586). 5. Oriental immigration (583). 6. The restriction of immigration (583-585).

=Expansion of the United States=

I. Territorial growth. 1. Territory of the United States in 1783 (134 and color map). 2. Louisiana purchase, 1803 (188-193 and color map). 3. Florida purchase, 1819 (204). 4. Annexation of Texas, 1845 (278-281). 5. Acquisition of Arizona, New Mexico, California, and other territory at close of Mexican War, 1848 (282-283). 6. The Gadsden purchase, 1853 (283). 7. Settlement of the Oregon boundary question, 1846 (284-286). 8. Purchase of Alaska from Russia, 1867 (479). 9. Acquisition of Tutuila in Samoan group, 1899 (481-482). 10. Annexation of Hawaii, 1898 (484). 11. Acquisition of Porto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam at close of Spanish War, 1898 (493-494). 12. Acquisition of Panama Canal strip, 1904 (508-510). 13. Purchase of Danish West Indies, 1917 (593). 14. Extension of protectorate over Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Nicaragua (593-594). II. Development of colonial self-government. 1. Hawaii (485). 2. Philippines (516-518). 3. Porto Rico (515-516). III. Sea power. 1. In American Revolution (118). 2. In the War of 1812 (193-201). 3. In the Civil War (353-354). 4. In the Spanish-American War (492). 5. In the Caribbean region (512-519). 6. In the Pacific (447-448, 481). 7. The role of the American navy (515).

=The Westward Advance of the People=

I. Beyond the Appalachians. 1. Government and land system (217-231). 2. The routes (222-224). 3. The settlers (221-223, 228-230). 4. Relations with the East (230-236). II. Beyond the Mississippi. 1. The lower valley (271-273). 2. The upper valley (275-276). III. Prairies, plains, and desert. 1. Cattle ranges and cowboys (276-278, 431-432). 2. The free homesteads (432-433). 3. Irrigation (434-436, 523-525). IV. The Far West. 1. Peculiarities of the West (433-440). 2. The railways (425-431). 3. Relations to the East and Europe (443-447). 4. American power in the Pacific (447-449).

=The Wars of American History=

I. Indian wars (57-59). II. Early colonial wars: King William's, Queen Anne's, and King George's (59). III. French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), 1754-1763 (59-61). IV. Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 (99-135). V. The War of 1812, 1812-1815 (193-201). VI. The Mexican War, 1845-1848 (276-284). VII. The Civil War, 1861-1865 (344-375). VIII. The Spanish War, 1898 (485-497). IX. The World War, 1914-1918 [American participation, 1917-1918] (596-625).

=Government=

I. Development of the American system of government. 1. Origin and growth of state government. a. The trading corporation (2-4), religious congregation (4-5), and proprietary system (5-6). b. Government of the colonies (48-53). c. Formation of the first state constitutions (108-110). d. The admission of new states (see Index under each state). e. Influence of Jacksonian Democracy (238-247). f. Growth of manhood suffrage (238-244). g. Nullification and state sovereignty (180-182, 251-257). h. The doctrine of secession (345-346). i. Effects of the Civil War on position of states (366, 369-375). j. Political reform--direct government--initiative, referendum, and recall (540-544). 2. Origin and growth of national government. a. British imperial control over the colonies (64-72). b. Attempts at intercolonial union--New England Confederation, Albany plan (61-62). c. The Stamp Act Congress (85-86). d. The Continental Congresses (99-101). e. The Articles of Confederation (110-111, 139-143). f. The formation of the federal Constitution (143-160). g. Development of the federal Constitution. (1) Amendments 1-11--rights of persons and states (163). (2) Twelfth amendment--election of President (184, note). (3) Amendments 13-15--Civil War settlement (358, 366, 369, 370, 374, 375). (4) Sixteenth amendment--income tax (528-529). (5) Seventeenth amendment--election of Senators (541-542). (6) Eighteenth amendment--prohibition (591-592). (7) Nineteenth amendment--woman suffrage (563-568). 3. Development of the suffrage. a. Colonial restrictions (51-52). b. Provisions of the first state constitutions (110, 238-240). c. Position under federal Constitution of 1787 (149). d. Extension of manhood suffrage (241-244). e. Extension and limitation of negro suffrage (373-375, 382-387). f. Woman suffrage (560-568). II. Relation of government to economic and social welfare. 1. Debt and currency. a. Colonial paper money (80). b. Revolutionary currency and debt (125-127). c. Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140-141). d. Powers of Congress under the Constitution to coin money (see Constitution in the Appendix). e. First United States bank notes (167). f. Second United States bank notes (257). g. State bank notes (258). h. Civil War greenbacks and specie payment (352-353, 454). i. The Civil War debt (252). j. Notes of National Banks under act of 1864 (369). k. Demonetization of silver and silver legislation (452-458). l. The gold standard (472). m. The federal reserve notes (589). n. Liberty bonds (606). 2. Banking systems. a. The first United States bank (167). b. The second United States bank--origin and destruction (203, 257-259). c. United States treasury system (263). d. State banks (258). e. The national banking system of 1864 (369). f. Services of banks (407-409). g. Federal reserve system (589). 3. The tariff. a. British colonial system (69-72). b. Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140). c. The first tariff under the Constitution (150, 167-168). d. Development of the tariff, 1816-1832 (252-254). f. Tariff and nullification (254-256). g. Development to the Civil War--attitude of South and West (264, 309-314, 357). h. Republicans and Civil War tariffs (352, 367). i. Revival of the tariff controversy under Cleveland (422). j. Tariff legislation after 1890--McKinley bill (422), Wilson bill (459), Dingley bill (472), Payne-Aldrich bill (528), Underwood bill (588). 4. Foreign and domestic commerce and transportation (see Tariff, Immigration, and Foreign Relations). a. British imperial regulations (69-72). b. Confusion under Articles of Confederation (140). c. Provisions of federal Constitution (150). d. Internal improvements--aid to roads, canals, etc. (230-236). e. Aid to railways (403). f. Service of railways (402). g. Regulation of railways (460-461, 547-548). h. Control of trusts and corporations (461-462, 589-590). 5. Land and natural resources. a. British control over lands (80). b. Early federal land measures (219-221). c. The Homestead act (368, 432-445). d. Irrigation and reclamation (434-436, 523-525). e. Conservation of natural resources (523-526). 6. Legislation advancing human rights and general welfare (see Suffrage). a. Abolition of slavery: civil and political rights of negroes (357-358, 373-375). b. Extension of civil and political rights to women (554-568). c. Legislation relative to labor conditions (549-551, 579-581, 590-591). d. Control of public utilities (547-549). e. Social reform and the war on poverty (549-551). f. Taxation and equality of opportunity (551-552).

=Political Parties and Political Issues=

I. The Federalists versus the Anti-Federalists [Jeffersonian Republicans] from about 1790 to about 1816 (168-208, 201-203). 1. Federalist leaders: Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall, Robert Morris. 2. Anti-Federalist leaders: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe. 3. Issues: funding the debt, assumption of state debts, first United States bank, taxation, tariff, strong central government versus states' rights, and the Alien and Sedition acts. II. Era of "Good Feeling" from about 1816 to about 1824, a period of no organized party opposition (248). III. The Democrats [former Jeffersonian Republicans] versus the Whigs [or National Republicans] from about 1832 to 1856 (238-265, 276-290, 324-334). 1. Democratic leaders: Jackson, Van Buren, Calhoun, Benton. 2. Whig leaders: Webster and Clay. 3. Issues: second United States bank, tariff, nullification, Texas, internal improvements, and disposition of Western lands. IV. The Democrats versus the Republicans from about 1856 to the present time (334-377, 388-389, 412-422, 451-475, 489-534, 588-620). 1. Democratic leaders: Jefferson Davis, Tilden, Cleveland, Bryan, and Wilson. 2. Republican leaders: Lincoln, Blaine, McKinley, Roosevelt. 3. Issues: Civil War and reconstruction, currency, tariff, taxation, trusts, railways, foreign policies, imperialism, labor questions, and policies with regard to land and conservation. V. Minor political parties. 1. Before the Civil War: Free Soil (319) and Labor Parties (306-307). 2. Since the Civil War: Greenback (463-464), Populist (464), Liberal Republican (420), Socialistic (577-579), Progressive (531-534, 602-603).

=The Economic Development of the United States=

I. The land and natural resources. 1. The colonial land system: freehold, plantation, and manor (20-25). 2. Development of the freehold in the West (220-221, 228-230). 3. The Homestead act and its results (368, 432-433). 4. The cattle range and cowboy (431-432). 5. Disappearance of free land (443-445). 6. Irrigation and reclamation (434-436). 7. Movement for the conservation of resources (523-526). II. Industry. 1. The rise of local and domestic industries (28-32). 2. British restrictions on American enterprise (67-69, 70-72). 3. Protective tariffs (see above, 648-649). 4. Development of industry previous to the Civil War (295-307). 5. Great progress of industry after the war (401-406). 6. Rise and growth of trusts and combinations (406-412, 472-474). III. Commerce and transportation. 1. Extent of colonial trade and commerce (32-35). 2. British regulation (69-70). 3. Effects of the Revolution and the Constitution (139-140, 154). 4. Growth of American shipping (195-196). 5. Waterways and canals (230-236). 6. Rise and extension of the railway system (298-300). 7. Growth of American foreign trade (445-449). IV. Rise of organized labor. 1. Early phases before the Civil War: local unions, city federations, and national unions in specific trades (304-307). 2. The National Trade Union, 1866-1872 (574-575). 3. The Knights of Labor (575-576). 4. The American Federation of Labor (573-574). a. Policies of the Federation (576-577). b. Relations to politics (579-581). c. Contests with socialists and radicals (577-579). d. Problems of immigration (582-585). 5. The relations of capital and labor. a. The corporation and labor (410, 570-571). b. Company unions and profit-sharing (571-572). c. Welfare work (573). d. Strikes (465, 526, 580-581). e. Arbitration (581-582).

=American Foreign Relations=

I. Colonial period. 1. Indian relations (57-59). 2. French relations (59-61). II. Period of conflict and independence. 1. Relations with Great Britain (77-108, 116-125, 132-135). 2. Establishment of connections with European powers (128). 3. The French alliance of 1778 (128-130). 4. Assistance of Holland and Spain (130). III. Relations with Great Britain since 1783. 1. Commercial settlement in Jay treaty of 1794 (177-178). 2. Questions arising out of European wars [1793-1801] (176-177, 180). 3. Blockade and embargo problems (193-199). 4. War of 1812 (199-201). 5. Monroe Doctrine and Holy Alliance (205-207). 6. Maine boundary--Webster-Ashburton treaty (265). 7. Oregon boundary (284-286). 8. Attitude of Great Britain during Civil War (354-355). 9. Arbitration of Alabama claims (480-481). 10. The Samoan question (481-482) 11. The Venezuelan question (482-484). 12. British policy during Spanish-American War (496-497). 13. Controversy over blockade, 1914-1917 (598-600). 14. The World War (603-620). IV. Relations with France. 1. The colonial wars (59-61). 2. The French alliance of 1778 (128-130). 3. Controversies over the French Revolution (128-130). 4. Commercial questions arising out of the European wars (176-177, 180, 193-199). 5. Attitude of Napoleon III toward the Civil War (354-355). 6. The Mexican entanglement (478-479). 7. The World War (596-620). V. Relations with Germany. 1. Negotiations with Frederick, king of Prussia (128). 2. The Samoan controversy (481-482). 3. Spanish-American War (491). 4. The Venezuelan controversy (512). 5. The World War (596-620). VI. Relations with the Orient. 1. Early trading connections (486-487). 2. The opening of China (447). 3. The opening of Japan (448). 4. The Boxer rebellion and the "open door" policy (499-502). 5. Roosevelt and the close of the Russo-Japanese War (511). 6. The Oriental immigration question (583-584). VII. The United States and Latin America. 1. Mexican relations. a. Mexican independence and the Monroe Doctrine (205-207). b. Mexico and French intervention--policy of the United States (478-479). c. The overthrow of Diaz (1911) and recent questions (594-596). 2. Cuban relations. a. Slavery and the "Ostend Manifesto" (485-486). b. The revolutionary period, 1867-1877 (487). c. The revival of revolution (487-491). d. American intervention and the Spanish War (491-496). e. The Platt amendment and American protection (518-519). 3. Caribbean and other relations. a. Acquisition of Porto Rico (493). b. The acquisition of the Panama Canal strip (508-510). c. Purchase of Danish West Indies (593). d. Venezuelan controversies (482-484, 512). e. Extension of protectorate over Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Nicaragua (513-514, 592-594).

INDEX

Abolition, 318, 331

Adams, Abigail, 556

Adams, John, 97, 128, 179ff.

Adams, J.Q., 247, 319

Adams, Samuel, 90, 99, 108

Adamson law, 590

Aguinaldo, 497

Alabama, admission, 227

Alabama claims, 480

Alamance, battle, 92

Alamo, 280

Alaska, purchase, 479

Albany, plan of union, 62

Algonquins, 57

Alien law, 180

Amendment, method of, 156

Amendments to federal Constitution: first eleven, 163 twelfth, 184, note thirteenth, 358 fourteenth, 366, 369, 387 fifteenth, 358 sixteenth, 528 seventeenth, 542 eighteenth, 591 nineteenth, 563ff.

American expeditionary force, 610

American Federation of Labor, 573, 608

Americanization, 585

Amnesty, for Confederates, 383

Andros, 65

Annapolis, convention, 144

Antietam, 357

Anti-Federalists, 169

Anti-slavery. See Abolition

Anthony, Susan, 564

Appomattox, 363

Arbitration: international, 480, 514, 617 labor disputes, 582

Arizona, admission, 443

Arkansas, admission, 272

Arnold, Benedict, 114, 120

Articles of Confederation, 110, 139ff., 146

Ashburton, treaty, 265

Assembly, colonial, 49ff., 89ff.

Assumption, 164ff.

Atlanta, 361

Australian ballot, 540

Bacon, Nathaniel, 58

Ballot: Australian, 540 short, 544

Baltimore, Lord, 6

Bank: first U.S., 167 second, 203, 257ff.

Banking system: state, 300 U.S. national, 369 services of, 407 See also Federal reserve

Barry, John, 118

Bastille, 172

Bell, John, 341

Belleau Wood, 611

Berlin decree, 194

Blockade: by England and France, 193ff. Southern ports, 353 law and practice in 1914, 598ff.

Bond servants, 13ff.

Boone, Daniel, 28, 218

Boston: massacre, 91 evacuation, 116 port bill, 94

Bowdoin, Governor, 142

Boxer rebellion, 499

Brandywine, 129

Breckinridge, J.C., 340

Bright, John, 355

Brown, John, 338

Brown University, 45

Bryan, W.J., 468ff., 495, 502, 503, 527

Buchanan, James, 335, 368

Budget system, 529

Bull Run, 350

Bunker Hill, 102

Burgoyne, General, 116, 118, 130

Burke, Edmund, 87, 96ff., 132, 175

Burr, Aaron, 183, 231

Business. See Industry

Calhoun, J.C., 198ff., 203, 208, 281, 321, 328

California, 286ff.

Canada, 61, 114, 530

Canals, 233, 298, 508

Canning, British premier, 206

Cannon, J.G., 530

Cantigny, 611

Caribbean, 479

Carpet baggers, 373

Cattle ranger, 431ff.

Caucus, 245

Censorship. See Newspapers

Charles I, 3

Charles II, 65

Charleston, 36, 116

Charters, colonial, 2ff., 41

Chase, Justice, 187

Chateau-Thierry, 611

Checks and balances, 153

Chesapeake, the, 195

Chickamauga, 361

Child labor law, 591

China, 447, 499ff.

Chinese labor, 583

Churches, colonial, 39ff., 42, 43

Cities, 35, 36, 300ff., 395, 410, 544

City manager plan, 545

Civil liberty, 358ff., 561

Civil service, 419, 536, 538ff.

Clarendon, Lord, 6

Clark, G.R., 116, 218

Clay, Henry, 198, 203, 248, 261, 328

Clayton anti-trust act, 489

Clergy. See Churches

Cleveland, Grover, 421, 465, 482, 484, 489, 582

Clinton, Sir Henry, 119

Colorado, admission, 441

Combination. See Trusts

Commerce, colonial, 33ff. disorders after 1781, 140 Constitutional provisions on, 154 Napoleonic wars, 176, 193ff. domestic growth of, 307 congressional regulation of, 460ff., 547 See also Trusts and Railways

Commission government, 544

Committees of correspondence, 108

Commonsense, pamphlet, 103

Communism, colonial, 20f.

Company, trading, 2f.

Compromises: of Constitution, 148, 150, 151 Missouri, 325, 332 of 1850, 328ff. Crittenden, 350

Conciliation, with England, 131

Concord, battle, 100

Confederacy, Southern, 346ff.

Confederation: New England, 61f. See also Articles of

Congregation, religious, 4

Congress: stamp act, 85 continental, 99ff. under Articles, 139f. under Constitution, 152 powers of, 153

Connecticut: founded, 4ff. self-government, 49 See also Suffrage constitutions, state

Conservation, 523ff.

Constitution: formation of, 143ff. See also Amendment

Constitution, the, 200

Constitutions, state, 109ff., 238ff., 385ff.

Constitutional union party, 340

Contract labor law, 584

Convention: 1787, 144ff. nominating, 405

Convicts, colonial, 15

Conway Cabal, 120

Cornwallis, General, 116, 119, 131

Corporation and labor, 571. See also Trusts

Cotton. See Planting system

Cowboy, 431ff.

Cowpens, battle, 116

Cox, J.M., 619

Crisis, The, pamphlet, 115

Crittenden Compromise, 350

Cuba, 485ff., 518

Cumberland Gap, 223

Currency. See Banking

Danish West Indies, purchased, 593

Dartmouth College, 45

Daughters of liberty, 84

Davis, Jefferson, 346ff.

Deane, Silas, 128

Debs, E.V., 465, 534

Debt, national, 164ff.

Decatur, Commodore, 477

Declaration of Independence, 101ff.

Defense, national, 154

De Kalb, 121

Delaware, 3, 49

De Lome affair, 490

Democratic party, name assumed, 260 See also Anti-Federalists

Dewey, Admiral, 492

Diplomacy: of the Revolution, 127ff. Civil War, 354

Domestic industry, 28

Donelson, Fort, 361

Dorr Rebellion, 243

Douglas, Stephen A., 333, 337, 368

Draft: Civil War, 351 World War, 605

Draft riots, 351

Dred Scott case, 335, 338

Drug act, 523

Duquesne, Fort, 60

Dutch, 3, 12

East India Company, 93

Education, 43ff., 557, 591

Electors, popular election of, 245

Elkins law, 547

Emancipation, 357ff.

Embargo acts, 186ff.

England: Colonial policy of, 64ff. Revolutionary War, 99ff. Jay treaty, 177 War of 1812, 198ff. Monroe Doctrine, 206 Ashburton treaty, 265 Civil War, 354 Alabama claims, 480 Samoa, 481 Venezuela question, 482 Spanish War, 496 World War, 596ff.

Erie Canal, 233

Esch-Cummins bill, 582

Espionage act, 607

Excess profits tax, 606

Executive, federal, plans for, 151

Expunging resolution, 260

Farm loan act, 589

Federal reserve act, 589

Federal trade commission, 590

Federalist, the, 158

Federalists, 168ff., 201ff.

Feudal elements in colonies, 21f.

Filipino revolt. See Philippines

Fillmore, President, 485

Finances: colonial, 64 revolutionary, 125ff. disorders, 140 Civil War, 347, 352ff. World War, 606 See also Banking

Fishing industry, 31

Fleet, world tour, 515

Florida, 134, 204

Foch, General, 611

Food and fuel law, 607

Force bills, 384 ff., 375

Forests, national, 525ff.

Fourteen points, 605

Fox, C.J., 132

France: colonization, 59ff. French and Indian War, 60ff. American Revolution, 116, 123, 128ff. French Revolution, 165ff. Quarrel with, 180 Napoleonic wars, 193ff. Louisiana purchase, 190 French Revolution of 1830, 266 Civil War, 354 Mexican affair, 478 World War, 596ff.

Franchises, utility, 548

Franklin, Benjamin, 45, 62, 82, 86, 128, 134

Freedmen. See Negro

Freehold. See Land

Free-soil party, 319

Fremont, J.C., 288, 334

French. See France

Friends, the, 5

Frontier. See Land

Fugitive slave act, 329

Fulton, Robert, 231, 234

Fundamental articles, 5

Fundamental orders, 5

Gage, General, 95, 100

Garfield, President, 416

Garrison, William Lloyd, 318

Gaspee, the, 92

Gates, General, 116, 120, 131

Genet, 177

George I, 66

George II, 4, 66, 82

George III, 77ff.

Georgia: founded, 4 royal province, 49 state constitution, 109 See also Secession

Germans: colonial immigration, 9ff. in Revolutionary War, 102ff. later immigration, 303

Germany: Samoa, 481 Venezuela affair, 512 World War, 596f.

Gerry, Elbridge, 148

Gettysburg, 362

Gibbon, Edward, 133

Gold: discovery, 288 standard, 466, 472

Gompers, Samuel, 573, 608

Governor, royal, 49ff.

Grandfather clause, 386f.

Grangers, 460ff.

Grant, General, 361, 416, 480, 487

Great Britain. See England

Greeley, Horace, 420

Greenbacks, 454ff.

Greenbackers, 462ff.

Greene, General, 117, 120

Grenville, 79ff.

Guilford, battle, 117

Habeas corpus, 358

Hague conferences, 514

Haiti, 593

Hamilton, Alexander, 95, 143, 158, 162, 168ff., 231

Harding, W.G., 389, 619

Harlem Heights, battle, 114

Harper's Ferry, 339

Harrison, Benjamin, 422, 484

Harrison, W.H., 198, 263f.

Hartford convention, 201ff., 238

Harvard, 44

Hawaii, 484f.

Hay, John, 477, 500ff.

Hayne, Robert, 256

Hays, President, 416f.

Henry, Patrick, 85

Hepburn act, 523

Hill, James J., 429

Holland, 130

Holy Alliance, 205

Homestead act, 368, 432

Hooker, Thomas, 5

Houston, Sam, 279ff.

Howe, General, 118

Hughes, Charles E., 602

Huguenots, 10

Hume, David, 132

Hutchinson, Anne, 5

Idaho, admission, 442

Income tax, 459, 466, 528, 588, 606

Inheritance tax, 606

Illinois, admission, 226

Illiteracy, 585

Immigration: colonial, 1-17 before Civil War, 302, 367 after Civil War, 410ff. problems of, 582ff.

Imperialism, 494ff., 498f., 502ff.

Implied powers, 212

Impressment of seamen, 194

Indentured servants, 13f.

Independence, Declaration of, 107

Indiana, admission, 226

Indians, 57ff., 81, 431

Industry: colonial, 28ff. growth of, 296ff. during Civil War, 366 after 1865, 390ff., 401ff., 436ff., 559 See also Trusts

Initiative, the, 543

Injunction, 465, 580

Internal improvements, 260, 368

Interstate commerce act, 461, 529

Intolerable acts, 93

Invisible government, 537

Iowa, admission, 275

Irish, 11, 302

Iron. See Industry

Irrigation, 434ff., 523ff.

Jackson, Andrew, 201, 204, 246, 280

Jacobins, 174

James I, 3

James II, 65

Jamestown, 3, 21

Japan, relations with, 447, 511, 583

Jay, John, 128, 158, 177

Jefferson, Thomas: Declaration of Independence, 107 Secretary of State, 162ff. political leader, 169 as President, 183ff. Monroe Doctrine, 206, 231

Jews, migration of, 11

Johnson, Andrew, 365, 368, 371f.

Johnson, Samuel, 132

Joliet, 59

Jones, John Paul, 118

Judiciary: British system, 67 federal, 152

Kansas, admission, 441

Kansas-Nebraska bill, 333

Kentucky: admission, 224 Resolutions, 182

King George's War, 59

King Philip's War, 57

King William's War, 59

King's College (Columbia), 45

Knights of Labor, 575ff.

Kosciusko, 121

Ku Klux Klan, 382

Labor: rise of organized, 304 parties, 462ff. question, 521 American Federation, 573ff. legislation, 590 World War, 608ff.

Lafayette, 121

La Follette, Senator, 531

Land: tenure 20ff. sales restricted, 80 Western survey, 219 federal sales policy, 220 Western tenure, 228 disappearance of free, 445 new problems, 449 See also Homestead act

La Salle, 59

Lawrence, Captain, 200

League of Nations, 616ff.

Le Boeuf, Fort, 59

Lee, General Charles, 131

Lee, R.E., 357

Lewis and Clark expedition, 193

Lexington, battle, 100

Liberal Republicans, 420

Liberty loan, 606

Lincoln: Mexican War, 282 Douglas debates, 336f. election, 341 Civil War, 344ff. reconstruction, 371

Literacy test, 585

Livingston, R.R., 191

Locke, John, 95

London Company, 3

Long Island, battle, 114

Lords of trade, 67ff.

Louis XVI, 171ff.

Louisiana: ceded to Spain, 61 purchase, 190ff. admission, 227

Loyalists. See Tories

Lusitania, the, 601ff.

McClellan, General, 362, 365

McCulloch vs. Maryland, 211

McKinley, William, 422, 467ff., 489ff.

Macaulay, Catherine, 132

Madison, James, 158, 197ff.

Maine, 325

Maine, the, 490

Manila Bay, battle, 492

Manors, colonial, 22

Manufactures. See Industry

Marbury vs. Madison, 209

Marietta, 220

Marion, Francis, 117, 120

Marquette, 59

Marshall, John, 208ff.

Martineau, Harriet, 267

Maryland, founded, 6, 49, 109, 239, 242

Massachusetts: founded, 3ff. See also Immigration, Royal province, Industry, Revolutionary War, Constitutions, state, Suffrage, Commerce, and Industry

Massachusetts Bay Company, 3 founded, 3ff. See also Immigration, Royal province

Mayflower compact, 4

Mercantile theory, 69

Merchants. See Commerce

Merrimac, the, 353

Meuse-Argonne, battle, 612

Mexico: and Texas, 278ff. later relations, 594f.

Michigan, admission, 273

Midnight appointees, 187

Milan Decree, 194

Militia, Revolutionary War, 122

Minimum wages, 551

Minnesota, admission, 275

Mississippi River, and West, 189f.

Missouri Compromise, 207, 227, 271, 325, 332

Molasses act, 71

Money, paper, 80, 126, 155, 369

Monitor, the, 353

Monroe, James, 204ff., 191

Monroe Doctrine, 205, 512

Montana, admission, 442

Montgomery, General, 114

Morris, Robert, 127

Mothers' pensions, 551

Mohawks, 57

Muckraking, 536f.

Mugwumps, 420

Municipal ownership, 549

Napoleon I, 190

Napoleon III: Civil War, 354f. Mexico, 477

National Labor Union, 574

National road, 232

Nationalism, colonial, 56ff.

Natural rights, 95

Navigation acts, 69

Navy: in Revolution, 188 War of 1812, 195 Civil War, 353 World War, 610. See also Sea Power

Nebraska, admission, 441

Negro: Civil rights, 370ff. in agriculture, 393ff. status of, 396ff. See also Slavery

New England: colonial times, 6ff., 35, 40ff. See also Industry, Suffrage, Commerce, and Wars

New Hampshire: founded, 4ff. See also Immigration, Royal province, Suffrage, and Constitutions, state

New Jersey, founded, 6. See also Immigration, Royal province, Suffrage, and Constitutions, state

Newlands, Senator, 524

New Mexico, admission, 443

New Orleans, 59, 190 battle, 201

Newspapers, colonial, 46ff.

New York: founded by Dutch, 3 transferred to English, 49 See also Dutch, Immigration, Royal province, Commerce, Suffrage, and Constitutions, state

New York City, colonial, 36

Niagara, Fort, 59

Nicaragua protectorate, 594

Non-intercourse act, 196ff.

Non-importation, 84ff., 99

North, Lord, 100, 131, 133

North Carolina: founded, 6. See also Royal province, Immigration, Suffrage, and Constitutions, state

North Dakota, admission, 442

Northwest Ordinance, 219

Nullification, 182, 251ff.

Oglethorpe, James, 3

Ohio, admission, 225

Oklahoma, admission, 443

Open door policy, 500

Oregon, 284ff.

Ostend Manifesto, 486

Otis, James, 88, 95f.

Pacific, American influence, 447

Paine, Thomas, 103, 115, 175

Panama Canal, 508ff.

Panics: 1837, 262 1857, 336 1873, 464 1893, 465

Parcel post, 529

Parker, A.B., 527

Parties: rise of, 168ff. Federalists, 169ff. Anti-Federalists (Jeffersonian Republicans), 169ff. Democrats, 260 Whigs, 260ff. Republicans, 334ff. Liberal Republicans, 420 Constitutional union, 340 minor parties, 462ff.

Paterson, William, 196ff.

Penn, William, 6

Pennsylvania: founded, 6 See also Penn, Germans, Immigration, Industry, Revolutionary War, Constitutions, state, Suffrage

Pennsylvania University, 45

Pensions, soldiers and sailors, 413, 607 mothers', 551

Pequots, 57

Perry, O.H., 200

Pershing, General, 610

Philadelphia, 36, 116

Philippines, 492ff., 516ff., 592

Phillips, Wendell, 320

Pierce, Franklin, 295, 330

Pike, Z., 193, 287

Pilgrims, 4

Pinckney, Charles, 148

Pitt, William, 61, 79, 87, 132

Planting system, 22f., 25, 149, 389, 393ff.

Plymouth, 4, 21

Polk, J.K., 265, 285f.

Polygamy, 290f.

Populist party, 464

Porto Rico, 515, 592

Postal savings bank, 529

Preble, Commodore, 196

Press. See Newspapers

Primary, direct, 541

Princeton, battle, 129 University, 45

Profit sharing, 572

Progressive party, 531f.

Prohibition, 591f.

Proprietary colonies, 3, 6

Provinces, royal, 49ff.

Public service, 538ff.

Pulaski, 121

Pullman strike, 465

Pure food act, 523

Puritans, 3, 7, 40ff.

Quakers, 6ff.

Quartering act, 83

Quebec act, 94

Queen Anne's War, 59

Quit rents, 21f.

Radicals, 579

Railways, 298, 402, 425, 460ff., 547, 621

Randolph, Edmund, 146, 147, 162

Ratification, of Constitution, 156ff.

Recall, 543

Reclamation, 523ff.

Reconstruction, 370ff.

Referendum, the, 543

Reign of terror, 174

Republicans: Jeffersonian, 179 rise of present party, 334ff. supremacy of, 412ff. See also McKinley, Roosevelt, and Taft

Resumption, 454

Revolution: American, 99ff. French, 171ff. Russian, 619

Rhode Island: founded, 4ff. self-government, 49 See also Suffrage

Roosevelt, Theodore, 492, 500ff., 531, 570

Royal province, 49ff.

Russia, 205, 207, 355, 479, 619

Russo-Japanese War, 511f.

Saint Mihiel, 612

Samoa, 481

San Jacinto, 280

Santa Fe trail, 287

Santo Domingo, 480, 513, 592

Saratoga, battle, 116, 130

Savannah, 116, 131

Scandinavians, 278

Schools. See Education

Scott, General, 283, 330

Scotch-Irish, 7ff.

Seamen's act, 590

Sea power: American Revolution, 118 Napoleonic wars, 193ff. Civil War, 353 Caribbean, 593 Pacific, 447 World War, 610ff.

Secession, 344ff.

Sedition: act of 1798, 180ff., 187 of 1918, 608

Senators, popular election, 527, 541ff.

Seven Years' War, 60ff.

Sevier, John, 218

Seward, W.H., 322, 342

Shafter, General, 492

Shays's rebellion, 142

Sherman, General, 361

Sherman: anti-trust law, 461 silver act, 458

Shiloh, 361

Shipping. See Commerce

Shipping act, 607

Silver, free, 455ff.

Slavery: colonial, 16f. trade, 150 in Northwest, 219 decline in North, 316f. growth in South, 320ff. and the Constitution, 324 and territories, 325ff. compromises, 350 abolished, 357ff.

Smith, Joseph, 290

Socialism, 577ff.

Solid South, 388

Solomon, Hayn, 126

Sons of liberty, 82

South: economic and political views, 309ff. See also Slavery and Planting system, and Reconstruction

South Carolina: founded, 6 nullification, 253ff. See also Constitutions, state, Suffrage, Slavery, and Secession

South Dakota, 442

Spain: and Revolution, 130 Louisiana, 190 Monroe Doctrine, 205 Spanish War, 490ff.

Spoils system, 244, 250, 418, 536ff.

Stamp act, 82ff.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 564

States: disorders under Articles of Confederation, 141 constitutions, federal limits on, 155 position after Civil War, 366ff. See also Suffrage, Nullification, and Secession

Steamboat, 234

Stowe, H.B., 332

Strikes: of 1877, 581 Pullman, 581 coal, 526 See also Labor

Submarine campaign, 600ff.

Suffrage: colonial, 42, 51 first state constitutions, 239 White manhood, 242 Negro, 374ff., 385f. Woman, 110, 562ff.

Sugar act, 81

Sumner, Charles, 319

Sumter, Fort, 350

Swedes, 3, 13

Taft, W.H., 527ff.

Tammany Hall, 306, 418

Taney, Chief Justice, 357

Tariff: first, 167 of 1816, 203 development of, 251ff. abominations, 249, 253 nullification, 251 of 1842, 264 Southern views of, 309ff. of 1857, 337 Civil War, 367 Wilson bill, 459 McKinley bill, 422 Dingley bill, 472 Payne-Aldrich, 528 Underwood, 588

Taxation: and representation, 149 and Constitution, 154 Civil War, 353 and wealth, 522, 551 and World War, 606

Tea act, 88

Tea party, 92

Tenement house reform, 549

Tennessee, 28, 224

Territories, Northwest, 219 South of the Ohio, 219 See also Slavery and Compromise

Texas, 278ff.

Tippecanoe, battle, 198

Tocqueville, 267

Toleration, religious, 42

Tories, colonial, 84 in Revolution, 112

Townshend acts, 80, 87

Trade, colonial, 70 legislation, 70. See Commerce

Transylvania company, 28

Treasury, independent, 263

Treaties, of 1763, 61 alliance with France, 177 of 1783 with England, 134 Jay, 177, 218 Louisiana purchase, 191f. of 1815, 201 Ashburton, 265 of 1848 with Mexico, 283 Washington with England, 481 with Spain, 492 Versailles (1919), 612ff.

Trenton, battle, 116

Trollope, Mrs., 268

Trusts, 405ff., 461, 472ff., 521, 526, 530

Tweed, W.M., 418

Tyler, President, 264ff., 281, 349

"Uncle Tom's Cabin," 332

Union party, 365

Unions. See Labor

Utah, 290ff., 329, 442

Utilities, municipal, 548

Vallandigham, 360

Valley Forge, 116, 129

Van Buren, Martin, 262

Venango, Fort, 59

Venezuela, 482ff., 512

Vermont, 223

Vicksburg, 361

Virginia: founded, 3. See also Royal province, Constitutions, state, Planting system, Slavery, Secession, and Immigration

Walpole, Sir Robert, 66

Wars: colonial, 57ff. Revolutionary, 99ff. of 1812, 199ff. Mexican, 282ff. Civil, 344ff. Spanish, 490ff. World, 596ff.

Washington: warns French, 60 in French war, 63 commander-in-chief, 101ff. and movement for Constitution, 142ff. as President, 166ff. Farewell Address, 178

Washington City, 166

Washington State, 442

Webster, 256, 265, 328

Welfare work, 573

Whigs: English, 78 colonial, 83 rise of party, 260ff., 334, 340

Whisky Rebellion, 171

White Camelia, 382

White Plains, battle, 114

Whitman, Marcus, 284

William and Mary College, 45

Williams, Roger, 5, 42

Wilmot Proviso, 326

Wilson, James, 147

Wilson, Woodrow, election, 533f. administrations, 588ff.

Winthrop, John, 3

Wisconsin, admission, 274

Witchcraft, 41

Wollstonecraft, Mary, 556

Women: colonial, 28 Revolutionary War, 124 labor, 305 education and civil rights, 554ff. suffrage, 562ff.

Workmen's compensation, 549

Writs of assistance, 88

Wyoming, admission, 442

X, Y, Z affair, 180

Yale, 44

Young, Brigham, 290

Zenger, Peter, 48

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Printed in the United States of America.

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Punctuation normalized in all Underwood and Underwood, N.Y.

Superscripted letters are denoted with a caret. For example, G^O WASHINGTON.

Period added after Mass on verso page. Original read "Mass, U.S.A."