CHAPTER XIII

FROM THE 18TH FRUCTIDOR, IN THE YEAR V. (4TH OF SEPTEMBER, 1797), TO THE 18TH BRUMAIRE, IN THE YEAR VIII. (9TH OF NOVEMBER, 1799)

By the 18th Fructidor the directory returns, with slight mitigation, to the revolutionary government--General peace, except with England--Return of Bonaparte to Paris--Expedition into Egypt--Democratic elections for the year VI.--The directory annuls them on the 22nd Floréal--Second coalition; Russia, Austria, and England attack the republic through Italy, Switzerland, and Holland; general defeats--Democratic elections for the year VII.; on the 30th Prairial the councils get the upper hand, and disorganize the old directory--Two parties in the new directory, and in the councils: the moderate republican party under Sieyès, Roger-Ducos, and the ancients; the extreme republican party under Moulins, Golier, the Five Hundred, and the Society of the Manège--Various projects--Victories of Masséna, in Switzerland; of Brune, in Holland--Bonaparte returns from Egypt; comes to an understanding with Sieyès and his party--The 18th and 19th Brumaire--End of the directorial system.

THE CONSULATE