Part 91

Schomberg, duke of, vii. 70, 71

Schools, English language supersedes French in, ii. 356, 357; founded by Ælfred, i. 114; under Henry VIII., iii. 200, 201; under Edward VI., 201; iv. 62; under Elizabeth, iii. 201; at Bec, i. 159; at Canterbury, 92; at Jarrow, 91; at York, ib.; of the Friars, ii. 14; Sunday, viii. 47

Science, physical, Roger Bacon's plea for, ii. 20; its beginnings in England, iii. 190; vi. 131, 132, 166, 167

Scone, crowning-place of the Scottish kings, ii. 162; Robert Bruce crowned at, 173; Edward Balliol crowned at, 210; Charles II. crowned at, vi. 82.

Scotland, its relations with William the Conqueror, i. 189; with William Rufus, 197; three divisions of the kingdom, ii. 131; relations with England in eleventh and twelfth centuries, 132-134; English claims to its homage, 134, 135; claimants of the crown, 136; Edward I. acknowledged as its overlord, 137; question of appeals from, 140; relations with France during Hundred Years' War, 141, 197, 213; submits to Edward I., 161; rises against him, 167-170; its overlordship claimed by the Pope, 170; Edward's first conquest and settlement of, 171, 172; his plan for its representation in English Parliament, 171; rises again, 173; Bruce's successes in, 191-193; truce with England, 196; renewed strife, 204; its independence recognized, 205; struggle with Edward III., 210-214; David Bruce's plans for the succession, 264; relations with Henry IV., iii. 7, 9; with Owen Glyndwr, 11; condition after Neville's Cross, 182, 183; relations with France and England, 184; with Henry VII., 185; condition after 1524, iv. 22, 23; league with France, 23; relations with Henry VIII., 26-28; Hertford's invasion of, 29; Somerset's relations with, 52, 53; Protestantism in, 111, 112, 115, 117; condition under Mary of Guise and the Lords of the Congregation, 168, 169; strife of religions in, 218; unites against Mary, 245; condition during minority of James VI., v. 122, 124; work of the Stuarts in, 125, 126; political effect of the Reformation in, 127; character and rise of the people, 129, 130, 135; proposal for its union with England, 154; relations with Charles I., 325-328, 330, 333, 334; revolution in, 334, 335; rising in, 337; seeks help of France, 338, 339; struggle with Charles, 341, 342; pacification, 363; Charles I. in, ib., 364; treaty with the English Parliament, vi. 14, 16; first union with England, 85, 108; its first representation in the English Parliament, 99, 101; condition under Cromwell, 108, 109; its union with England dissolved, 180; Covenant abolished and Episcopacy restored in, 181; policy of Lauderdale in, 259; condition under James II., vii. 16, 17; William III. recognized as king in, 51; Jacobite risings in, 52, 183, 228-230; Presbyterianism restored in, 54; union with England, 127-129

Scots, i. 31; submit to Eadward the Elder, 119; league with Cumbrians and Welsh against Æthelstan, 119, 120; alliance with Eadmund, 123; conquer northern Northumbria, 146; cession of Lothian to, its results, 147; invade England, 217, 254; their mode of warfare, ii. 204, 205; recapture Berwick, 259, 263; defeated at Homildon Hill, iii. 12; besiege York, vi. 18; besiege Newcastle, 23; give up Charles I. to the Parliament, 49; invade England again, 62; defeated at Preston, ib.

Scrope, Henry, Lord, iii. 30

Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York, iii. 18

Scutage, i. 233, 257, 344, 350, 351; ii. 104

"Sea-dogs," the, iv. 331-333

Sectaries, their rise, v. 117; in London, vi. 28

Sedgemoor, battle of, vii. 10

Sedley, Sir Charles, vi. 163

Selden, John, v. 306, 322

Seminary priests, the, iv. 307-309, 354; banished, v. 156

Senlac, i. 162, 163

Serfs, manumission of, i. 325. See Villeins

Seven Years' War, its beginning, vii. 248; its importance, 273-275; its end, 307

Seville, Treaty of, vii. 200

Seymour, Sir Edward, vi. 253

Seymour, Jane, iii. 326, 351

Seymour, Thomas, Lord, iv. 47, 56

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, Cooper, first earl of (see Ashley Cooper), Lord Chancellor, vi. 271; speech on the war, 272; relations with the king, 275; change of policy, 276, 277; dismissed, 278; his plans, 279, 280; committed to the Tower, 288; released, 295; attitude towards the Popish plot, 295-297; correspondence with Barillon, 298; President of the Council, 300; supports the Exclusion, 306, 307; project for Monmouth's succession, 309, 310; dismissed again, 311; revives the plot, 312, 313; struggle with Charles, 313-315, 321, 324; arrested, 324; bill of his indictment thrown out, 334; popularity in London, ib.; flight and death, 336

Shakspere, William, his early life, v. 27-31; first plays, 31-35; historical plays, 35-36, 38-40; attitude towards religion, 37, 38; political sympathies, 39, 40; prosperity, 41, 42; gloom, 42-44; last plays, 45, 46; demand for his works in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, vii. 292

Sharp, Rev. Dr., vii. 18

Shaxton, bishop of Salisbury, iii. 336, 347

Shelburne, William Fitzmaurice, second earl of, President of the Board of Trade, vii. 315-319; protests against the prosecution of Wilkes, 318; resigns, 319; advocates repeal of the Stamp Act, 331, 338; takes office under Chatham, 340; resigns office, viii. 6; heads a ministry, 65; makes peace with America, ib.; resigns, 66. See Lansdowne

Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury, vi. 162