Part 41

Fougères sacked by the English, iii. 62

Fourmigny, battle of, iii. 62

Four Masters, Annals of the, i. 7

Fox, Edward, Bishop of Hereford, iii. 336

Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 202, 216, 230, 285

Fox, Charles James, leader of the Whigs, viii. 63, 64; his jealousy of Shelburne, 65; his India Bill, 67, 68; his joy at the capture of the Bastille, 84; supports the Prince's claim to the Regency, ib.; his Libel Act, 92; supports Pitt in giving self-government to Canada, 92; Burke's quarrel with him, ib.; returns to office, 174; death, 178

Foxe's Book of Martyrs, iv. 3

France, war of William the Conqueror with, i. 190; invaded by Otto of Germany, 338; regency offered to Simon of Montfort, ii. 40; relations with Scotland, 141, 170, 171, 197, 213; treaty with Edward I., 170; claim of Edward III. to the throne, 208; Edward III. declares war with, 213; greatness at opening of Hundred Years' War, 215, 216; relations with the papacy, 217, 224; condition after battle of Poitiers, 264; ravaged by Edward III., 265; Edward III. renounces his claims on, 266; renewal of war with, 285; invaded by John of Gaunt, 287; relations with Scotland and Flanders, 349; truces with Richard II., 354, 368; relations with Henry IV., iii. 6; with the Percies, 12, 14; with Owen Glyndwr, 15, 18; civil war in, 16; relations with the Council of Henry IV., 23, 24; truce with, 26; Henry V.'s claims on, 28, 29; treaty with him, 35, 36; political position at close of Hundred Years' War, 119; relations with Maximilian and England, 170, 171; growth of its power, 205, 206; attacked by English, Germans, and Spaniards, 247; Mary Tudor's war with, iv. 108; relations with Scotland under Mary of Guise, 169-173; growth of the Huguenots in, 174, 206-208; Huguenot rising in, 209; massacre of Protestants in, 299; parties in, on death of Henry III., 369; re-united under Henry IV., 373; league with England and the Netherlands, v. 60; alliance with Holland, 316; growth of its power, vi. 113, 114; treaty with Cromwell, 117; its growing prosperity, 187-189; alliance with England and Holland, vii. 187; alliance with England and Prussia, 199; position after Treaty of Utrecht, 212; union with Spain, 213, 214; supports her against England, 219; alliance with Prussia, 221; claims on America and India, 232; war with England, 248, 249, 264, 265; withdraws from India and America, 307; policy in American war, viii. 28; league with America and Spain, 30; Pitt's treaty of commerce with, 79; condition in the eighteenth century, 81, 82; volunteers from, in Washington's army, 83; revolution in, ib., 86, 95, 96, 101; attitude towards England, 97-100; attacked by the Coalition, 101; royalty abolished in, ib.; attacks Holland, 102; declares war on England, 103; reverses in 1793, 107; successes, 109, 110; Directory in, 113; dealings with Ireland, 121, 123-125; attacks Austria and Italy, 122; conquers Switzerland, 134, 135; takes Rome, 136; relations with Russia, ib., 137; conquers Italy, 139; forced to evacuate it, 140; Consulate in, 142; position after the Peace of Lunéville, 144, 145; driven from Egypt, 165, 166; invaded by the Allies, 202; the Bourbons return to, 203; Napoleon's last struggle in, 206; literature of, its influence on Chaucer, ii. 359, 360

Franchise, restriction of, iii. 99-102

Francis of Assisi, St., ii. 9, 12, 13

Francis II., Emperor, viii. 96

Francis I., king of France, iii. 232; campaign in Italy, 233; treaties with Maximilian and Charles, 234; with Henry VIII., 235; meeting with Henry, 241; struggle with Henry and Charles, 247; defeats in Italy, 248, 250; prisoner, 250; treaties with Henry, 266, 270; released, 267; intrigues with Lutherans and Papacy, iv. 22; attacks Charles, 24; negotiations with Scotland, ib.; treaty with Charles, 32; with Henry, 33; sends explorers to America, 330

Francis (II.), of France, marries Mary Stuart, iv. 53, 169; king, 174; treaties with Elizabeth and the Scots, 176; death, 188

Franciscans (Grey Friars) in England, ii. 11

Frankfort, English Protestants at, iv. 118, 119; their "troubles," 127, 128

Franklin, Benjamin, his plan for the defence of the American colonies, vii. 243; sent as their agent to England, 326; counsels submission to the Stamp Acts, 330; relations with Chatham, viii. 20; mission to France, 28

Frank-pledge, i. 238, 322

Frederick II., Emperor, i. 293; ii. 7, 27

Frederick III., Emperor, iii. 146, 147

Frederick, Elector Palatine, marries Elizabeth of England, v. 210; king of Bohemia, 217; driven out, 220, 226

Frederick II., king of Prussia, vii. 220; alliance with France, 221; victory at Chotusitz, 223; Silesia ceded to, ib.; seizes Prague, 225; driven from Bohemia, ib.; victory at Hohenfriedburg, 227; treaty with England, 247, 248; seizes Dresden, 248; victory at Prague, ib.; defeated at Kolin, ib.; victories at Rossbach, Leuthen and Zorndorf, 263; defeated at Hochkirch and Kunersdorf, ib.; at Plauen, 264; campaign of 1760, 302; share in partition of Poland, viii. 85; death, ib.

Frederick, Prince of Wales, vii. 218

Free Companies, the, ii. 281, 282

Freeholders succeed the villeins, ii. 333

Freeman, the English, i. 11, 12; sinks into the villein, 133, 321

Fréteval, Henry II. and Thomas reconciled at, i. 240; Richard I. surprises Philip's treasure at, 263

Friars, the, ii. 10-14; Lord Bacon's comment on, 21; their political influence, 22, 23; character and effect of their preaching, 24; attempt conversion of Jews, 127; oppose Wyclif, 335

Friedland, battle of, viii. 175