Part 21

Cecil, Richard, viii. 47

Cecil, Robert, his rivalry with Essex, v. 63; treasurer, 172, 173; proposes the "great contract," 179; arranges the marriage of Princess Elizabeth, 210; dies, 185, 211

Cecil, William, iv. 139-141; his political standpoint, 141-143, 150; advises Elizabeth to announce her accession to the Pope, 155; his share in her Scottish policy, 173, 176, 259; policy in Ireland, 240; demands a Protestant alliance and the surrender of Mary, 263; dealings with Norfolk, 266, 274. See Burleigh

Cedd, brother of Ceadda, i. 74

Centwine, king of Wessex, i. 89

Cenwealh, king of Wessex, i. 87

Cenwulf, king of Mercia, i. 98, 101

Ceolfrid, founder of Jarrow, i. 91

Ceolred, king of Mercia, i. 90

Ceolwulf, king of Northumbria, i. 91

Ceorl, the English, i. 11

Cerdic, king of the West Saxons, i. 34, 49

Ceylon acquired by England, viii. 112

Chad, St. See Ceadda

Chalgrove Field, fight at, vi. 10

Châlus, Richard I. slain at, i. 267

Champeaux, William of, i. 285

Chancellor, Richard, iv. 282

Chancellor, the, i. 206; his equitable jurisdiction, 256; ii. 112, 113; right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38; made responsible to Permanent Council, 61; his woolsack, 226; of an university, i. 291, 292

Chancery, Court of, ii. 113

Chandos, Sir John, ii. 249

Chapel, the Royal, clerks of, i. 206

Chapman, George, v. 3, 42

Charford, battle of, i. 34

Charles (I.), son of James I., schemes for his marriage, v. 211-214, 227, 230; goes to Madrid, 231, 232; returns, 233; his character, 234; marriage, 238, 241; king, 242; his policy, 243-245; quarrel with Parliament of 1625, 246, 247; with Parliament of 1626, 249, 250, 253; demands a benevolence, 253; levies a forced loan, 254; dismisses Crewe, ib.; relations with France, 256-258; with the Parliament of 1628, 260-263; defends Buckingham, 264; rejects the Avowal, 269; dissolves Parliament again, 270, 272; his plans of personal government, 273; peace policy, 274, 275; relations with Gustavus Adolphus, 275, 276; financial measures, 276-280; grants a charter to Massachusetts, 311; position in 1635, 315, 316; consults the judges about ship-money, 323; dealings with Scotland, 325-328, 330-334; gathers an army, 337; pacification with the Scots, ib.; summons Wentworth home, 338; relations with Richelieu, ib., 339; negotiates with the Scots, 342; summons Parliament again, 343; relations with Montrose, 359; assents to Strafford's attainder, 361; to perpetuation of the Parliament, 362; goes to Scotland, 363; his promises to the Irish, 364; returns to London, 367; attempt to seize the five members, 373-375; withdraws from London, 376; levies forces by commissions of array, 377; shut out from Hull, 378; goes to York, ib.; raises his standard at Nottingham, vi. 2; goes to Shrewsbury, ib.; defeated at Edgehill, 3; goes to Oxford, ib.; besieges Gloucester, 13; negotiations in Ireland, 15, 16; successes in 1644, 22; marches on London, 23; defeated at Newbury, 24; returns to Oxford, ib.; negotiates with the Parliament, 38; storms Leicester and relieves Chester, ib.; routed at Naseby, 40, 41; treaty with the Irish, 42; goes to the Scotch camp, 46; refuses the Parliament's terms, 48; given up to it by the Scots, 49; seized by the army, 53; negotiates with the army, 55-57; escapes, 58; recaptured, 59; negotiates with parliament and the Scots, ib., 63; again seized by the army, 65; trial, 67; death, 68; authorities for his reign, v. 72

Charles II. recognized by Holland as king of England, vi. 70; proclaimed in Scotland, 71; invited to Ireland, ib.; his experiences in Scotland, 82; crowned at Scone, ib.; invades England, 83; defeated at Worcester, 84; flies to France, ib.; issues a declaration from Breda, 152; returns to England, ib.; his scientific tastes, 165; character, 173-177; policy, 177-180; forms an army, 182, 183; his position in England, 184; ecclesiastical aims, 185, 186; foreign relations, 187, 192; marriage, 192; first ministry, 193; dealings with the regicides, 195; relations with Clarendon, 213-215, 221; issues a Declaration of Indulgence, 219; policy in Holland, 228, 229; refuses to dissolve Parliament, 241, 254; banishes Clarendon, 243; his new ministry, 245; attitude towards toleration, 252, 259; project for establishing Catholicism, 256; treaties with Lewis, 257, 258; issues second Declaration of Indulgence, 262; withdraws it, 273; relations with Shaftesbury, 275; makes peace with the Dutch, 281; makes another treaty with Lewis, 287; negotiations with Lewis, 291; position after peace of Nimeguen, ib., 293; attitude during the Popish plot. 297; plan for the succession of James, 307; struggle with Shaftesbury, 311-313, 321; recalls James, 315; resists the Exclusion, 321; dissolves the Parliament, 322; turns again to France, ib., 323; action in 1681, 323, 324; persecutes Nonconformists, recalls James, and arrests Monmouth, 335; his triumph, vii. 1; policy in his last years, 2; dealings with the towns, 3; increases his Guards, 4; sickness, ib.; death, 5; authorities for his reign, vi. 157, 158

Charles IV., emperor, ii. 236, 348

Charles (V.), son of Philip of Austria, iii. 208; relations with England and France, 232, 233; king of Spain, 234; treaties with Francis I., ib.; emperor, 240; visits England, 241; betrothed to Mary, 242; war with Francis, ib.; league with Henry VIII. and the Pope, 243; successes in Italy, 244, 248, 250; treachery to Henry and Wolsey, 248, 249; new alliance with Henry, 250; expels Luther, 254; marriage, 266; relations with Lutherans, 275; proposes alliance with France against Henry, 336; his religious policy, iv. 18, 19; proposes a general council, 20; defeated in Hungary and Algiers, 24; attacked by Francis, ib.; alliance with Henry, 27; failure of his plans of reunion, 30-32; treaty with France, 32; attacks the League of Schmalkald, 36; victory at Muhlberg, 50; policy towards Protestants, 51; persecutes them, 58; ruin of his plans, 65; treaty with Lutherans, ib.; relations with Mary Tudor, 79, 80; abdicates, 98